Latvian Language
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Most downloaded papers in Latvian Language
A number of different languages in the Indo-European family were analyzed based on how difficult it would be for a native English speaker to learn them. They were then rated on a purely impressionistic 1-6 scale of easiest to most... more
The position of the so-called ‘Baltic’ languages Lithuanian, Latvian and Old Prussian within the Balto-Slavonic branch of Indo-European is still a matter of debate. Within Balto-Slavonic, the Slavonic sub-branch is clearly identifiable... more
Book 1, Part II of the Copeland-Akkadian Dictionary that not only is an English-Akkadian Dictionary but also a Concordance of Akkadian-related languages, including Indo-European, languages. We suspect that those who are of the... more
The aim of this paper is to the examine the genetic relationship between all numeral words in Arabic and English primarily as well as other European languages such as German, French, Greek, Latin and even Sanskrit secondarily. Contrary to... more
Book 1 of several books. These documents are developed from the Chicago Oriental Institute Akkadian dictionary which is alphabetized as Akkadian-English. I needed an English-Akkadian document, and – finding nothing readily... more
This article deals with wordplay in word-formation and centers on lexical blending. It claims that, because of their very formation process, lexical blends are instances of wordplay. Drawing on examples from a variety of languages, it... more
Rezensionsaufsatz zu: Mažiulis, Vytautas. Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų centras. 2013. Derksen, Rick. Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon. Leiden–Boston: Brill. 2015. Kroonen,... more
Very few people know that a possibility of reconstructing protolanguages or protoforms was probably first suggested as early as in the 16th century by Miechowita while discussing the origin of the name of Hungarians and that of Yugra.... more
A work in progress, covering Etruscan Phrases Indo-European Table 1, Parts 1-6. I suppose it would be obvious that the migration of the Indo-Europeans into Europe from what was believed to be the Russian steppes or northern Anatolia and... more
Language formed the ideological foundation of many national movements in Central and Eastern Europe during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The decision on whether a people spoke a language or a dialect was not based on arguments... more
There are fascinating problems at the syntax-morphology interface which tend to be missed. I offer a brief explanation of why that may be happening, then give a Canonical Typology perspective, which brings these problems to the fore. I... more
Langage poétique du rituel PIE: Thomas OBERLIES 1 résume par les étapes suivantes le déroulement d'un rituel védique : « Il s'agit 1) d'attirer l'attention des dieux et d'assurer leur venue, puis, une fois qu'ils ont répondu à... more
Tradiciškai suponuojamą tarpinį baltų-slavų raidos etapą po indoeuropiečių prokalbės skilimo papildomai remia du labai specifiški ir todėl potencialiai ekskliuzyviniai žodžio galo pakitimai. Pirmasis pakitimas yra ide. žodžio galo... more
"“In her paper entitled Reportive evidentiality and reported speech: is there a boundary? Evidence of the Latvian oblique Joanna Chojnicka addresses the problem of the relationship between evidentiality and reported discourse by... more
Only Polish words from Marcin Paszkowski’s “Dictionary” have been published up to now while their Turkish equivalents have never been edited although two scholars (Ananiasz Zajączkowski 1938 and Stanisław Stachowski 1989) intended to do... more
Part 11 of an 11 part Table listing Indo-European (Irish, Scots-Gaelic, Welsh, Italian, French, English, Hittite, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Persian, Avestan, Sanskrit), Finnish-Uralic,... more
The paper deals with the doubling in the adjective inflection of Baltic and Slavic due to emergence of the category of definiteness. The category of definiteness encoded exclusively by a special set of adjectival inflections is a... more
The focus of this essay is the influence of German on early written Latvian, in particular on Christian discourse. The background for the themes dealt with is formed by loan-based cultural phenomena (the Christian religion and the... more
Russian čto za, Ukrainian ščo za, Polish co za Diachronica xviii:2 (2001), 241-265. issn 0176-4225 / e-issn 1569-9714
The political shocks of the 2014 Ukrainian crisis have been felt in many former Soviet countries, not least Latvia, where over 35% of the population are native Russian speakers. At a time when analysts and commentators are unsure about... more
This document includes the complete Indo-European Table, Parts 1-11 with Alphabetical Index (Issue 8.21.19). This obviates the need to download the indvidual parts to this volume. This table of course includes other languages, comparing... more
On the genetic and typological relationship between the nomatopoeic particles and verbs in Baltic and Slavic
The article deals with the authenticity of evaluation of ancient Baltic religion archetypes: images of wild boars, cult of the maternal deities, Latvian theonym Coracle. Recently some attempts were undertaken to reinstate the new... more
This table shows an unusual spectrum of cognates: Indo-European - Sanskrit, Avestan, Persian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Latin, Irish, Scots-Gaelic, Welsh, Italian, French, English, Etruscan,... more
As is well known, PIE possessed several distinct sigmatic formations with modal or future-like semantics. The paper deals with two sigmatic formations which must be reconstructed for PIE and obviously possessed a similar semantic value.... more
Lettgallisch und Schemaitisch -eine Misserfolgsgeschichte. Sprachliche Standardisierungsprozesse im Spannungsfeld von Privatheit, Identität und Nation in Lettland und Litauen Wenn es um "Sprache" und "Nation" geht, so wird meistens eine... more
(from a work published in 1981)This table shows an unusual spectrum of cognates: Indo-European - Sanskrit, Avestan, Persian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Latin, Irish, Scots-Gaelic, Welsh, Italian,... more
This article explores semantic and grammatical properties of Latvian agent nouns that are derived from verbs by the suffix -ēj-(for primary verbs) or -tāj-(for secondary verbs). These formations show several peculiarities that distinguish... more
The fatal thread (Originally published in Latvian) Didier Calin, Kultūras Forums 2008 nr. 23 (312) In several Latvian folksongs, parallels are drawn between life's process and evolution and the activities of spinning and weaving -life in... more
This is Part 10 of a 11 Part table of Indo-European words, as they relate to the Etruscan/Latin languages as well as each other. We have added non-Indo-European languages to the table because of a continuing pattern of liaisons. These... more
(from a work published in 1981) This table shows an unusual spectrum of cognates: Indo-European - Sanskrit, Avestan, Persian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Latin, Irish, Scots-Gaelic, Welsh, Italian,... more
This study examines the system of terms used to describe temperature in Latvian, with special focus on temperature adjectives as its core. The main aim of the research is to understand how the domain of temperature is conceptualised in... more
updated to include Akkadian Concordance; see link for most current update.
This paper investigates Latvian verbs with causative morphology and their relations to non-causative verbs. Causative morphology comprises vowel alternation and suffixation. The different techniques are largely synonymous, but differ in... more
The current paper is a case study of Estonian-Latvian individual bilin-gualism. Estonian and Latvian belong to different language families (respectively Finnic branch of Uralic and Baltic branch of Indo-European). The case is instructive... more