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A separate writing tradition in High Latvian, associated mainly with the activities of the Roman Catholic Church, has been in existence since the eighteenth century and has become the basis of what is now often called the Latgalian... more
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      History of LinguisticsDialectologyPragmaticsSemantics
A number of different languages in the Indo-European family were analyzed based on how difficult it would be for a native English speaker to learn them. They were then rated on a purely impressionistic 1-6 scale of easiest to most... more
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    •   36  
      Teaching English as a Second LanguageSpanishPortugueseGreek Language
The position of the so-called ‘Baltic’ languages Lithuanian, Latvian and Old Prussian within the Balto-Slavonic branch of Indo-European is still a matter of debate. Within Balto-Slavonic, the Slavonic sub-branch is clearly identifiable... more
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    •   17  
      Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)Historical LinguisticsAncient Indo-European LanguagesIndo-European Studies
Book 1, Part II of the Copeland-Akkadian Dictionary that not only is an English-Akkadian Dictionary but also a Concordance of Akkadian-related languages, including Indo-European, languages. We suspect that those who are of the... more
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    •   20  
      Welsh linguisticsGeorgian LanguagePersian LanguageSanskrit
The aim of this paper is to the examine the genetic relationship between all numeral words in Arabic and English primarily as well as other European languages such as German, French, Greek, Latin and even Sanskrit secondarily. Contrary to... more
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    •   74  
      BusinessEngineeringSemioticsReligion
Book 1 of several books. These documents are developed from the Chicago Oriental Institute Akkadian dictionary which is alphabetized as Akkadian-English. I needed an English-Akkadian document, and – finding nothing readily... more
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    •   38  
      Semitic languagesGreek LanguageHebrew LanguageRomance philology
This article deals with wordplay in word-formation and centers on lexical blending. It claims that, because of their very formation process, lexical blends are instances of wordplay. Drawing on examples from a variety of languages, it... more
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    •   26  
      LexicologySpanishHungarianEnglish language
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    •   16  
      KhotaneseAnatolian LanguagesHittiteLycian
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    •   12  
      Indo-European StudiesAvestan (Languages And Linguistics)Ancient Greek ReligionLatvian Language
Rezensionsaufsatz zu: Mažiulis, Vytautas. Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų centras. 2013. Derksen, Rick. Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon. Leiden–Boston: Brill. 2015. Kroonen,... more
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    •   16  
      Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)EtymologyGermanic linguisticsAncient Indo-European Languages
Very few people know that a possibility of reconstructing protolanguages or protoforms was probably first suggested as early as in the 16th century by Miechowita while discussing the origin of the name of Hungarians and that of Yugra.... more
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      PhilologyLanguagesHistoryHistorical Geography
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    •   15  
      Latin LiteratureOld Norse LiteratureKhotaneseOld Irish Language and Literature
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    •   17  
      ReligionSociolinguisticsMigrationGender
A work in progress, covering Etruscan Phrases Indo-European Table 1, Parts 1-6. I suppose it would be obvious that the migration of the Indo-Europeans into Europe from what was believed to be the Russian steppes or northern Anatolia and... more
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    •   30  
      Indo-european language reconstructionWelsh linguisticsItalian StudiesGeorgian Language
Language formed the ideological foundation of many national movements in Central and Eastern Europe during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The decision on whether a people spoke a language or a dialect was not based on arguments... more
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    •   6  
      EthnolinguisticsLatvian LanguageCentral and Eastern EuropeLatvia
There are fascinating problems at the syntax-morphology interface which tend to be missed. I offer a brief explanation of why that may be happening, then give a Canonical Typology perspective, which brings these problems to the fore. I... more
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    •   16  
      Languages and LinguisticsSyntaxMorphosyntaxBaltic languages
This paper proposes guidelines for interlinear morpheme glossing of modern Latvian and Lithuanian. The general principles follow the Leipzig Glossing Rules, a widely accepted standard in contemporary linguistics. The authors show how... more
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      MorphologyBaltic languagesLatvian LanguageLanguage Typology
Langage poétique du rituel PIE: Thomas OBERLIES 1 résume par les étapes suivantes le déroulement d'un rituel védique : « Il s'agit 1) d'attirer l'attention des dieux et d'assurer leur venue, puis, une fois qu'ils ont répondu à... more
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    •   15  
      Anatolian StudiesIndo-European StudiesAnatolian LanguagesHittite
Tradiciškai suponuojamą tarpinį baltų-slavų raidos etapą po indoeuropiečių prokalbės skilimo papildomai remia du labai specifiški ir todėl potencialiai ekskliuzyviniai žodžio galo pakitimai. Pirmasis pakitimas yra ide. žodžio galo... more
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      Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)Historical LinguisticsIndo-european language reconstructionSlavic Languages
"“In her paper entitled Reportive evidentiality and reported speech: is there a boundary? Evidence of the Latvian oblique Joanna Chojnicka addresses the problem of the relationship between evidentiality and reported discourse by... more
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    •   4  
      Latvian LanguageEvidentialityReported SpeechLatvian
Only Polish words from Marcin Paszkowski’s “Dictionary” have been published up to now while their Turkish equivalents have never been edited although two scholars (Ananiasz Zajączkowski 1938 and Stanisław Stachowski 1989) intended to do... more
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    •   78  
      History of LinguisticsPhilologyLanguagesGeography
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    •   6  
      SemanticsBaltic languagesLatvian LanguageTense and Aspect Systems
Part 11 of an 11 part Table listing Indo-European (Irish, Scots-Gaelic, Welsh, Italian, French, English, Hittite, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Persian, Avestan, Sanskrit), Finnish-Uralic,... more
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    •   32  
      Welsh linguisticsGreek LanguageGeorgian LanguageAncient Indo-European Languages
The paper deals with the doubling in the adjective inflection of Baltic and Slavic due to emergence of the category of definiteness. The category of definiteness encoded exclusively by a special set of adjectival inflections is a... more
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    •   11  
      Ancient Indo-European LanguagesIndo-European StudiesGrammaticalizationBaltic languages
The focus of this essay is the influence of German on early written Latvian, in particular on Christian discourse. The background for the themes dealt with is formed by loan-based cultural phenomena (the Christian religion and the... more
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      Languages and LinguisticsLatvian Language
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    •   7  
      SociolinguisticsLatvian LanguageQuantitative linguisticsWalser dialects
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    •   10  
      Baltic StudiesBaltic languagesAvestan (Languages And Linguistics)Latvian Language
Russian čto za, Ukrainian ščo za, Polish co za Diachronica xviii:2 (2001), 241-265. issn 0176-4225 / e-issn 1569-9714
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      Contact LinguisticsTypologyBaltic languagesSlavic Historical Linguistics
The political shocks of the 2014 Ukrainian crisis have been felt in many former Soviet countries, not least Latvia, where over 35% of the population are native Russian speakers. At a time when analysts and commentators are unsure about... more
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    •   26  
      Discourse AnalysisEuropean StudiesRussian StudiesMedia Studies
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    •   22  
      Languages and LinguisticsHistorical LinguisticsSlavic LanguagesSlavonic Languages
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    •   4  
      IdeophonesLatvian LanguageVerbal MorphologyDerivational Morphology
This document includes the complete Indo-European Table, Parts 1-11 with Alphabetical Index (Issue 8.21.19). This obviates the need to download the indvidual parts to this volume. This table of course includes other languages, comparing... more
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    •   20  
      French LiteratureLanguages and LinguisticsItalian StudiesSlavic Languages
On the genetic and typological relationship between the nomatopoeic particles and verbs in Baltic and Slavic
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    •   16  
      Historical LinguisticsBaltic languagesSlavic Historical LinguisticsRussian Language
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    •   10  
      Historical LinguisticsAncient Indo-European LanguagesIndo-European StudiesBaltic languages
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    •   4  
      MorphologyBaltic languagesLatvian LanguageLinguistic Typology
The article deals with the authenticity of evaluation of ancient Baltic religion archetypes: images of wild boars, cult of the maternal deities, Latvian theonym Coracle. Recently some attempts were undertaken to reinstate the new... more
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    •   24  
      Discourse AnalysisReligionGerman StudiesPhilosophy
This table shows an unusual spectrum of cognates: Indo-European - Sanskrit, Avestan, Persian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Latin, Irish, Scots-Gaelic, Welsh, Italian, French, English, Etruscan,... more
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    •   60  
      Irish StudiesIndo-european language reconstructionWelsh linguisticsArmenian Studies
As is well known, PIE possessed several distinct sigmatic formations with modal or future-like semantics. The paper deals with two sigmatic formations which must be reconstructed for PIE and obviously possessed a similar semantic value.... more
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    •   25  
      Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)Historical LinguisticsIndo-european language reconstructionAncient Indo-European Languages
Lettgallisch und Schemaitisch -eine Misserfolgsgeschichte. Sprachliche Standardisierungsprozesse im Spannungsfeld von Privatheit, Identität und Nation in Lettland und Litauen Wenn es um "Sprache" und "Nation" geht, so wird meistens eine... more
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    •   7  
      Nationalism And State BuildingPersonal IdentityLatvian LanguageLithuanian language
(from a work published in 1981)This table shows an unusual spectrum of cognates: Indo-European - Sanskrit, Avestan, Persian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Latin, Irish, Scots-Gaelic, Welsh, Italian,... more
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    •   64  
      French HistoryLanguages and LinguisticsHistorical LinguisticsCeltic Studies
This article explores semantic and grammatical properties of Latvian agent nouns that are derived from verbs by the suffix -ēj-(for primary verbs) or -tāj-(for secondary verbs). These formations show several peculiarities that distinguish... more
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    •   3  
      Latvian LanguageDerivational MorphologyAgent nouns
The fatal thread (Originally published in Latvian) Didier Calin, Kultūras Forums 2008 nr. 23 (312) In several Latvian folksongs, parallels are drawn between life's process and evolution and the activities of spinning and weaving -life in... more
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      Indo-European StudiesLatvian LanguageIndo-European LinguisticsProto Indo-European
This is Part 10 of a 11 Part table of Indo-European words, as they relate to the Etruscan/Latin languages as well as each other. We have added non-Indo-European languages to the table because of a continuing pattern of liaisons. These... more
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    •   62  
      Irish StudiesLatin LiteratureLanguages and LinguisticsIndo-european language reconstruction
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    •   14  
      Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)Languages and LinguisticsHistorical LinguisticsOld Church Slavonic
(from a work published in 1981) This table shows an unusual spectrum of cognates: Indo-European - Sanskrit, Avestan, Persian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Latin, Irish, Scots-Gaelic, Welsh, Italian,... more
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    •   28  
      Indo-european language reconstructionGreek LanguageGeorgian LanguageAncient Indo-European Languages
This study examines the system of terms used to describe temperature in Latvian, with special focus on temperature adjectives as its core. The main aim of the research is to understand how the domain of temperature is conceptualised in... more
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      Lexical SemanticsBaltic languagesLatvian LanguageLexical Typology
Einleitung Noch F. Heberlein (1998) hat mit Bedauern festgehalten, dass die baltischen Sprachen nach wie vor überwiegend historisch-vergleichend untersucht werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag möchten wir uns mit der Sprachtypologie des Litaui... more
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    •   4  
      Latvian LanguageLanguage TypologyLithuanian languagePrague School
updated to include Akkadian Concordance;  see link for most current update.
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      Roman HistoryIndo-european language reconstructionCeltic StudiesWelsh linguistics
This paper investigates Latvian verbs with causative morphology and their relations to non-causative verbs. Causative morphology comprises vowel alternation and suffixation. The different techniques are largely synonymous, but differ in... more
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    •   4  
      Baltic languagesLatvian LanguageLatvianMorphological Causatives
The current paper is a case study of Estonian-Latvian individual bilin-gualism. Estonian and Latvian belong to different language families (respectively Finnic branch of Uralic and Baltic branch of Indo-European). The case is instructive... more
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      Contact LinguisticsMultilingualismLatvian LanguageEstonian Language