Copeland-Indo-European.Table (parts 1-11)
Mel Copelandvisibility
…
description
411 pages
link
1 file
This document includes the complete Indo-European Table, Parts 1-11 with Alphabetical Index (Issue 8.21.19). This obviates the need to download the indvidual parts to this volume. This table of course includes other languages, comparing strings of corresponding cognates among the selected languages.
Related papers
Indo-European.Table, Part 9 (08.21.19).pdf
A table in 11 parts that shows interesting relationships between these languages: Sanskrit, Persian, Georgian, Akkadian, Hurrian, Urartian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Latvian, Romanian, Finnish, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Latin, Irish, Scots-Gaelic, Welsh, Italian, French, Tocharian, Luvian, Hittite and Etruscan. (Etruscan declines and conjugates very close to Latin--See our Etruscan GlossaryA for a detailed list of Etruscan words that correlate to Latin, French and Italian and the Index to Indo-European Table1). Words in this table and the Etruscan Glossary are arranged alphabetically according to the Etruscan words; the Index to the Indo-European Table is alphabatized English-Latin-Etruscan. More than 600 Etruscan texts are represented by the table and glossary that include over 2,800 words. We have colored comparable words to reflect common affinities; i.e., "red" connotes words that appear to relate to Latin; blue to Sanskrit and Persian. Purple is used to show connections between Georgian, Hittite and others, Orange shows mainly Akkadian and Eastern European (Slavic, Finnish, Baltic) connections and Green Western European, Celtic, Gaelic, English. Frequently a shift in one of the selected languages links two otherwise unrelated languages/groups. For instance, in the words for milk and whey we have: Sanskrit, kṣīram, milk, Persian, shir, شیر milk, Georgian შრატში, shrat’shi, whey, Belarusian, сыроватка, syrovatka, whey, Croatian, surutka, whey, Latvian, seroma, serom, Romanian, zer, whey, Albanian, SEROM, serom, Latin, serum-i, whey, Irish, serom, serom, Scots-Gaelic, seomar, serom, Welsh, serom, serom, Italian, siero del latte, whey, French, sérum, serum, Etruscan, serom (SERVM). Then are the words for milk, colored green, Belarusian, малако, malako, milk, Croatian, mlijeko, milk, Polish, mleko, milk, Finnish, maito, milk, Irish, meadhg, whey, Scots-Gaelic, meud, whey, Welsh, maidd (meiddion), English, milk [<OE milc]. The red group are: Romanian, lapte, milk, Latin, lac-lactis, milk, Welsh, llaeth (lleithion), milk, Italian, latte, milk, French, lait, milk. The Orange group is most interesting: Finnish, hera, whey, Albanian, hirrë, whey. Allowing for a consonant shift in Sanskrit, mastu, whey, to mad-, would explain the direct link to Sanskrit from Celtic: meadhg, meud and maidd. This kind of link appears frequently in the tables.
Etruscan_Phrases Indo-European Table 1, Part 2 (Update 4.10.22), 60 pages
(from a work published in 1981) This table shows an unusual spectrum of cognates: Indo-European - Sanskrit, Avestan, Persian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Latin, Irish, Scots-Gaelic, Welsh, Italian, French, English, Etruscan, Hittite, Tocharian, Luwian;; in addition, Hurrian, Urartian, Akkadian, Georgian, Latvian, Baltic-Sudovian, and Finnish-Uralic. Overlaying the Semitic Sumero-Akkadian cognates in this table has produced an unusual Concordance. The Concordance is also part of our Copeland-Akkadian-English.Dictionary which integrates the findings in our Indo-European Table. Part 2 (http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.html) includes our integrated Akkadian-Indo-European Table. Click on it for the most current version.
Indo-European.Table, Part 11 (06.08.2020).pdf
Indo-European Table, Part 11
Part 11 of an 11 part Table listing Indo-European (Irish, Scots-Gaelic, Welsh, Italian, French, English, Hittite, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Persian, Avestan, Sanskrit), Finnish-Uralic, Latvian-Baltic, Georgian-Kartvelian, Urartian, Hurrian, and Akkadian relationships/concordances. The entire table volume will be updated as we obtain more vocabulary. Hittite, Akkadian, and Hurrian scholars may find the concordances of interest.
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table (Update 06.12.2021)
This index has two purposes: The first purpose is to assist in navigating through our “Indo-European Table” that includes Akkadian, Hurrian, Urartian, Georgian, Baltic-Latvian and Finnish-Uralic, besides select Indo-European Languages: Sanskrit, Avestan, Persian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Latin, Irish, Scots-Gaelic, Welsh, Italian, French, Etruscan and English. Readers should note how this quite unusual group produces an unexpected Concordance. The other purpose of this Index is to assist in analyzing the Etruscan words produced in our Etruscan GlossaryA and incorporated in the Indo-European Table. We were curious to see through the Table how Indo-European languages related to the Etruscan Language. As will be evident Latin and Etruscan are very close to one another. Different colors used relate to the concordance/relationships of the various languages provided in the Indo-European Table. Words colored Red tend to relate to those that are similar to Latin; Blue to words similar to Sanskrit/Persian. Green colors tend to refer to Celtic/Germanic forms and Orange to Baltic/Slavic forms, and Akkadian and Altaic cognates. Purple tends to related to Hittite, Georgian and Armeniain forms. What is most apparent in this table is the surprising concordance between Latin and Etruscan. This is a work in progress.
A Grammar of Modern Indo-European
2009
nouns marked by -ti-, nouns in the religious sphere marked by -uand collectives marked by *-h. B. In addition to characterization by means of order and categories of selection, the sentence was also delimited by Intonation based on variations in pitch. 9. Proto-Indo-European Syntax 295 To the extent that the pitch phonemes of PIE have been determined, a high pitch may be posited, which could stand on one syllable per word, and a low pitch, which was not so restricted. NOTE. The location of the high pitch is determined by Lehmann primarily from the evidence in Vedic; the theory that this was inherited from PIE received important corroboration from Karl Verner’s demonstration of its maintenance into Germanic (1875). Thus the often cited correlation between the position of the accent in the Vedic perfect and the differing consonants in Germanic provided decisive evidence for reconstruction of the PIE pitch accent as well as for Verner’s law, as in the perfect (preterite) forms of the r...
COMPOSITION IN INDO‐EUROPEAN LANGUAGES
Transactions of the Philological Society, 2002
Indo-European.Table, Part 10 (04.15.2020).pdf
This is Part 10 of a 11 Part table of Indo-European words, as they relate to the Etruscan/Latin languages as well as each other. We have added non-Indo-European languages to the table because of a continuing pattern of liaisons. These include Finnish, Latvian, Georgian and Hurrian, Urartian and Akkadian when possible. The liaisons are placed in color. Purple-colored words are generally with East Anatolian, Hittite, etc. liaisons; orange, east European to west European links, Red, Latin liaisons, and Green Celtic/ western liaisons. Throughout the 11 tables one will find interesting liaisons between Irish and Scots-Gaelic, and Georgian, causing one to muse whether those connections had to do with the early movements of the Celts from the Caucasus Mountains involving the transport and practice of metallurgy, perhaps focused upon the need for tin. Albanian is of interest in terms of probably originally been located near the Caspian sea and having similar liaisons with the area. Romanian is of interest in terms of identification of liaisons that may reveal the root Thracian language. What appears to be the case is that Romanian is predominately a mix of Latin, Gaelic, and Slavic. Many Romanian Latin liaisons curiously reflect Etruscan declensions. The Shift from Latin to Etruscan seems very similar to the shift from Latin to Romanian, as well as French. Because of formatting problems with the PDF file, viewers may find the web page http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1E.html (link below) easier to work with.
Etruscan_Phrases Indo-European Table 1, Part 4 (Update 05.12.21)
(from a work published in 1981)This table shows an unusual spectrum of cognates: Indo-European - Sanskrit, Avestan, Persian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Latin, Irish, Scots-Gaelic, Welsh, Italian, French, English, Etruscan, Hittite, Tocharian, Luwian;; in addition, Hurrian, Urartian, Akkadian, Georgian, Latvian, Baltic-Sudovian, and Finnish-Uralic. Overlaying the Semitic Sumero-Akkadian cognates in this table has produced an unusual Concordance. The Concordance is also part of our Copeland-Akkadian-English.Dictionary which integrates the findings in our Indo-European Table. We have colored words that may be related among the various languages/families. The coloring provides an unusual view of the mix of the cited languages, where some languages appear as unusual bedfellows, i.e., Sanskrit tan, tanoti, Hurrian tan, Irish dean, Scots-Gaelic dhèanamh; Hurrian nahh-, Armenian anel, Hittite anniya, Latvian taisit, Finnish tehda, Hittite taks, all meaning "to make, place" and Georgian ghvino, Armenian ginin, Welsh, gwin, Belarusian, віно, vino, Croatian, vino, Polish, wino, Latvian, vīns, Romanian, vin, Finnish-Uralic, viini, Latin, vinum-i, Irish, fíon, Scots-Gaelic, fìon, Welsh, gwin, Italian, vino, French, vin, Hittite, wian, winia, all of which mean "wine." This table's latest update can be viewed at the below link.
Foreign elements in the Proto-Indo-European vocabulary (MA thesis/Prize paper) 2017. University of Copenhagen
Foreign elements in the Proto-Indo-European vocabulary, 2017
A comparative loanword study The present thesis scrutinizes a number of loan etymologies (135 in total) for PIE lexical items with the aim to establish data available for further elucidation of the prehistoric speech community. Extensive methodological considerations are given in the first chapter, including sources, the problems of identifying points of tangency for extinct languages, and the trichotomy between heritage, borrowings, and chance resemblance that constitutes a central distinction in the science. The remainder of the chapter discusses other sources of information that may contribute to the identification of ancient contact situations, in particular derived linguistic approaches, archaeology, and genetics. Chapters two and three are introductions. The second chapter is a general introduction to the language families and isolates, different from Indo-European, that are treated in the paper. These are NW Caucasian, NE Caucasian, Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, Uralic (and Yukaghir), Semitic (and Afro-Asiatic), Sumerian, and finally a short note on isolates, extinct languages, and other language families (Altaic and Dravidian). The third chapter has two components. It first sets out to provide an overview of proposed homeland theories and their associated loanword components, treating the Pontic-Caspian Steppes, Central Asia, Anatolia, and Transcaucasia. The second half introduces affinity and adstrate theories connecting PIE with other language families. In addition to the families mentioned in chapter two, a short note on macro-families is added at the end. All of these are included to familiarize the reader with the context in which most loanword etymologies have been proposed. The next two chapters constitute the core of the thesis and discusses previously proposed evidence of borrowings and, occasionally, genetic affinity. Chapter four is a wordlist of 131 individual etymologies (4 are reserved for the treatment of numerals). Each entry provides the standard IE etymology and suggested external comparanda before a discussion attempts to establish the plausibility of external relations. Chapter five is basically an extension of the wordlist, but treats the numerals in sequence to explore their mutual relationship. Chapter six analyses the consequences of the etymologies in the previous chapters. A few correspondences are best categorized as older than PIE and are presented as possible evidence of more profound relations. While emphasis is on borrowings from external sources, a short note is also given on the stratificational implications of loanwords in the opposite direction. Borrowings are then arranged according to the internal stratification of PIE, after which discussions of the source languages follow. The items are finally divided into semantic spheres to analyze the systemic implications of borrowings into PIE. The present study concludes that PIE shows signs of extensive borrowing from neighboring languages, and further that some of these are part of broader developments in the speech community, most saliently the formation of the decimal system, the transition to agriculture and adoption of domesticated animals, and ultimately external marriage alliances. The hope is that the concise treatment of this phenomenon will contribute the increased use of borrowings and their descriptive powers as evidence of features in PIE. Download at www.loanwords.prehistoricmap.com where you’re also invited to add comments. Note that the interactive parts of the page pend further work (blame it on the day job and small children) Loanwords in PIE - a new methodological approach, including 135 proposed borrowings and semantic field analyses. Semitic, Uralic and Caucasian comparanda. MA thesis and prize paper
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
08.20.19
Indo-European Table
Alphabetical Index Parts 1-11
(http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table.html)
Mel Copeland
This index has two purposes: The first purpose is to assist in navigating through our “Indo-European Table” that include
Akkadian, Hurrian, Urartian, Georgian, Baltic-Latvian and Finnish-Uralic, besides select Indo-European Languages:
Sanskrit, Avestan, Persian, Belarusian, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Latin, Irish, Scots-Gaelic,
Welsh, Italian, French, Etruscan and English. Readers should note how this quite unusual group produces an unexpected
Concordance. The other purpose of this Index is to assist in analyzing the Etruscan words produced in our Etruscan
GlossaryA and incorporated in the Indo-European Table. We were curious to see through the Table how Indo-European
languages related to the Etruscan Language. (This index has also been added to the Etruscan GlossaryA.pdf.)
Different colors used relate to the concordance/relationships of the various languages provided in the Indo-European
Table. Words colored Red tend to relate to those that are similar to Latin; Blue to words similar to Sanskrit/Persian.
Green colors tend to refer to Celtic/Germanic forms and Orange to Baltic/Slavic forms. What is most apparent in this
table is the surprising concordance between Latin and Etruscan. This is a work in progress.
Contents
Abandon, to Desist, Sketch
Abduct, Ravish, to Take, Seize
Able, Possible,
Able, to be Capable
About, Towards
Above, to Surpass, Upper,
Abrade, to Scrape Off
Abundance, Power, Wealth
Accelerate, Make Quick
Accompany
Achaea
Achaea
Achilles
Achloser, name of Briseis
Adopt, To
Adorn, Equip,
Adorn, Decorate
Adult
Aegis, Shield
Aegis, Shield
Aeneas, Greek Hero
Aequi, Celtic People of Central Italy
Aesacus, son of Priam and Arisbe
Aethra, Mother of Theseus
Page
10-42
7-52
7-19
7-37
3-140
9-69
1-93
6-70
3-21
3-58
4-88
1-29
1-36
1-37
1-115
6-76
10-26
7-23
3-111
1-43
3-128
1-45
1-44
6-79
Etruscan
tesena, TESeNE,
rav (RAF), rava, (RAVA), RAFeN,
pos (PVS), posa (PVSA), pose (PVSE),
quisi,
erce
super (SVPER), supro (SVPRV)
aprato (APRaTV),
op (VP)
CILeR, CILeRII, (Name?) CILeReS,
komite (KVMITE)
ikihi,
Achie, (A¯IE), acie? IKIHII?
Achle (AKLE), Achl, Achvle
Achlusr (ACHLVSoR)
asa, ase,
orn (VRN)
tecum (TECVM),
pove, puve (PV8E),
egis
AEKiS,
Enai
AECIH
AECAI,
Orthea (VR EA)
Latin/Cognate
desino-nere-ni,
rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum
possum, posse, potui, to be able,
queo, quire, quivi, and quii, quitum, to be able
erga
supra
abrado -radare
Ops-Opis, opem, opis, ope,
celero-are
comito-are
Achaia or Achaia-ae
Achaia or Achaia-ae
Achillis-is
(Achloser, Greek name)
ascio-scire,
orno-are
decoro-are,
pubes and puber-eris,
aegis-idis (Gk.
, aigis, "goatskin," shield)
aegis-idis (Gk.
, aigis, "goatskin," shield)
Aeneas (Gk.
, Aineías)
Aequi-orum,
Gk.
1
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
After, From, Out of, of, by
After, Then, Later
Age, Epoch
Age, Era, Epoch
Agememnon
Agnatio, Male, Related by Males,
Agrarian Land
Agnas, related by males
Agreeable, Please,
Aim, See, to Look
Air, to Dry
Air
Ajax, Trojan Hero
Ajax, Trojan Hero
Alba, Oldest Latin Town
Alcesti, Wife of Admetus
Alexander, Trojan Hero (aka Paris)
Aliea, Pre ale, before River Alia?
Alien
Alisa, Name
Allow, Let, to, Milk
Allure, to Allure
Alone, Sun
Aloes, Bitterness
Altar
Amphiaraus? Greek Seer
Amphiaraus? Greek Seer
Amber
Ana, Name?
Ancus, Name
And, Also
And, and Also, and Indeed
And
Angry, To Grow Angry, Wrath
Aninies, Name, River Anio?
Anio, River Anio
Talon, Ankle
Another, of Another
Anterior, to go before, Excel,
Antler, Bough, Copper
Any, Some
Any, Some, Whatever Kind,
Anyone, Anything
Aph, Goddess
Aph, Goddess
Apis, Egyptian ox-god
Apollo
Applaud, To Strike
Approve, to Merit
Apron, Priest’s Apron?
Apronai, Woman’s Name
Arbitrator, Judge, Witness,
Arch, Curve, Bend
Ares, Greek god of War, Mars
Argos
Argument, War, Polemic
1-25
7-36
1-48
1-127
1-38
1-39
1-32
1-39
7-1
11-45
1-100
1-51
3-115
1-50
1-67
1-60
3-119
7-25
1-61
1-64
5-31
5-8
9-37
1-66
1-94
1-71
4-64
4-58
1-73
1-75
3-153
4-120
1-26
4-111
1-79
1-77
10-48
1-63
1-82
7-45
2-45
3-82
3-19
1-47
1-86
1-88
1-90
7-3
1-91
5-52
1-92
1-96
1-98
1-103
1-99
7-7
ap?,
puia (PFIA), puia (PVIA),
age, (AbE), ages, (AbES),
afetus (AVETVS),
Achmemnon (A¯MEMNVN)
Acnas
aker, akro (AKRV), akrare, akrara
Acnas
plak,
vis (8IS), vises (8ISES), visio (8ISIV),
are
airon, (AIRVN)?
Eifas, AIFAS
Aifas (AIFAS),
Alp, Alpan,
ALCeSTI
El¯intre, ELCINTRE, (ELA¯SNTRE) (EL¯SVNTRE)
PRE ALE,
aleni,
Alisa,
leis,?
Lacth, lakthar,
sol, (SVL), sola, sula , solo (SVLV), solos, (SVLvS),
alose (ALVSE),
ar
Amphiare;
Hamphiar (HAM IAR)
glas,
Ana, Anas,
Anca, Anchas,
et, ETH, (E )
itek
ac, ak, et, ETH (E )
ir, ire, iri,
Aninies,
apud, at, ex, from, a, ab, abs, away from,
diende; It. poi, Fr. puis, then,
aetas-atis, age
aevitas-atis,=aetas-atis
Agamemnonem,
, Agamémnona
agnatio-onis;
ager, agri, terra-ae
agnatio-onis
placeo-ere-ui and Itus, um, itum
visio, visere- look, visio-onis, seeing, Fr. viser
areo-ere
aer, aeris, the lower air,
Aiax-acis, Gk.
, Aïás, Ajax
Ajax
Alba-ae
Alcesti; Gk.
, Altséti
Alexander-dri (Gk.
, Aléxandros)
Alia-ae, river in Latium,
alieno-are, to transfer to another,
Ania, Aniia
Anio-enis; It. Anio
THALIO ( ALIV)
alis,
anta, anter, anto (ANTV), antor (ANTVR),
ram, ramas, ramo, ramor, ramoer (RAMVER),
cei,
kuelk (KFELK),
cilba, cilva (CILFA)
AF, Aph (A )
Aph (A )
Apis,
APvLO (APLV), APVLV
plato (PLATV), plotin, plutin (PLVTIN),
aprob (APRV8),
lumas (LYMAS)
Apronai,
arberture (AR8ERTVRE),
arcas, arce, arces, arcia, arcia, arcis, arcio , etc.
Ares, Aris,
arco, (ARCV), arcos, (ARCVS),
Polomk (PVLVMiK), POLOMiKU (PVLVMiKF)
talio-onis,
alis, alid, old form of alius -a- aliud
anto -ire ramus-i, bough; It. rame, copper
quae, any, some, qui, who
Qualisqumque; It. qualque; whatever kind
quilibet, quaelibet, quodibet
2
licet, licere, lecuit or licitum, lac, lactis, milk,
lacto-are
sol, solis, sun, solus-a-um, alone,
aloe-es
ara,
Gk. Amphiaraüs
Gk. Amphiaraüs
glaesum-[glesum]-i
Anna-ae [f], sister of Dido
Ancus-i
et
itaque
ac, atque, et
ira-ae,
Anienus, name, of the river Anio
Apollo-inis
plaudo [plodo], plaudere, plausi, plausum
approbo-are
Limus-i
arbiter-tri,
arcuo-are,
Ares-is, Gk.
, Áris
Argos and Argi-orum; Gk.
Gk.
, polemikí, argumentative,
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Ariphmus, Name?, Arithmos?
Arising, Breaking Forth, to Rise
Aritisi, Name?
Arm, to Fit Out
Arms, Weapons
Army, Battle, Polemic, War,
Army, Soldier, Light Infantry,
Arno, River Arno
Arnth, Name
Arrange, to Put Together, Strophe
Arrive, Come Through
Arrow, Dart, Feather
Arrow, Crop, Reap
Artemis, Virgin goddess of the Hunt
Ashes, to Burn
Asia
Asius, Brother of Hecuba of Troy
Ask and Obtain, Pay Out, Distribute
Ask, Demand, to Beg
Ask, Bewail, to Lament,
Assemble, Come Together,
At, In Respect of, From, Since, By
Athena?
Athens, of Athens
Atijerius, Etruscan Ancestor
Aurelius, Name?
Aurora, Sunrise, Dawn, East, Morn’g
Avoid, Severe, Name, Severus, Avert
Avert, Grave, Suvera (Name),
Avoid, To
Avoid, To
Avona, Name
Awl, Shoemaker’s Awl, Sulla, Name
Axe, Pickax,
Bacchus
Bacchus, Name of Dionysus
Bacchante
Bacchante
Back, Older, Behind,
Bad, Evil, Crime, to Strike
Bad, Evil
Badly
Bag, Sack,
ball, Pellet, Swelling
Bandage, Band, Bundle
Banquet, Holiday, Feast,
Barley
Barque, Boat, ship
Bat, Club, Stick, Cudgel, Staff
Battle, Polemic, Army, War,
Be, to
Be, to, I Am
Bear, to Carry,
Beat, to Strike
Because
Because
1-104
3-68
1-105
1-107
1-106
1-142
4-18
1-108
1-109
9-61
6-143
6-167
8-60
1-113
3-24
1-116
1-118
3-144
7-20
2-55
3-81
1-24
6-96
1-124
1-125
1-101
6-77
9-70
9-16
3-110
4-95
1-134
9-67
6-164
4-76
3-106
3-105
3-103
7-21
7-40
5-57
6-114
8-33
6-63
6-149
4-29
6-75
6-33
3-32
1-142
9-25
3-147
4-26
1-141
3-10
2-46
Ariphmo (ARI MV),
korato (KVRATV)
Aritisi,
Gk.
€ , a defininte number
coortus-us,
armone, (ARMVNE),
armo-are
armai,
BeLE, BeLeM, PVLVMiK, armi, armai, armai,
tiro (TIRV)
Arn, arna, arnoi (ARNVI), arnois, (ARNVIS)
Arnth, (ARN ),
strogla, (STRVbLA), strophgla, strophglas
pevenes (PE8eNeS),
pina, pinab, pinas, pine, pines, pini, pinie,
segeta, segetes
Artume, Artumes, Artumis
cina, cinas, cine, cini, cino,(CINV), cinos, (CINVS)
Asi, Asia, Asie,
aso (ASV),
erok (ERVK),
posc (PVSC), prok,proco, prokis (PRVKIS),
cere, ceren, ceres, ceres, ceri, ceris, raca, racar,
cu (CF), cua (CFA), cue (CFE), cue (CFE)
a
palas,
Athinem (A INEM),
Atiieri, Atiieria, Atiierie, Atiierier, Atiierio
arelis,
OROAS (VRVAS),
suvera (SV8ERA), Svera or suera, (SFERA),
SeVERA (SeFERA), SV8ERA,
Efiti, ifetsum, (IFETSvM
ifetsum, (IFETSvM,
avona (A8VNA), avonas (A8VNAS), avones
sula (SFLA)
pikun (PIKVN)
Heun (HEFN),
euan (EFAN), eun (EFN),
euai, or efai, EFAI, euais, or efis, EFIS
efia, euia (EFIA, euais, or efais, EFAIS
post (PVST), poste, posti, poster (PVSTER)
ra (RA), rae,
maf, meva (ME8A), male, malo, malus (MALvS),
peis, peio, peiu (PEIV)
sac, sacev, saceu (SACE8), saco (SACV)
ofe (VFE)
Phasei? ( ASEI)
fet,
ork (VRK)
nave (NAVE), nafe (NAFE), naflis, berca
arma-orum
bello-are, arma-orum;
tiro-onis,
Arnus-i,
struo, struere; stropha-ae, trick, artifice
pervenio venire-veni-ventum,
pinna-ae, feather
seges-etis, crop, sageta, arrow
Diana, Gk.
, Artémi
cinis-eris, ashes (It. cenere, Fr. cendre)
Asia-ae
erogo-are
posco, poscere, poposci; proco-are, to ask,
queror, queri, questo; Arm. ’rek’, inquire,
coeo, ire
a
Pallas-adis and ados, Athena,
Athenae-arum
Atys + gero-onis, a carrier
Aurelius-a-um
aurora-ae
severus-a-um,
severus-a-um, grave, serious,
vitare
evito-are
subula-ae, a shoemakers awl; Rom. sula
dolabra, pickax, ax (It. piccone, pickax,)
Eaus or Euhan,
Euan
Euias or Euhias-adis
Euias or Euhias-adis
post [older poste], postea, posterus [poster]rea-ae, f. reus-i , to repel, ward off,
malus-a-um, Fr. mauvais, bad méfier, mistrust,
peior-us, peius,
sacculus-i, It. sacco, Fr. sac,
offa-ae,
fascia-ae,
festus-a-um
hordeum-i, (Fr. orge, barley)
navis-is, ship, navalis-e, naval, barca, barque
clab, clav (CLA8),
clava-ae
BeLE, BeLeM, PVLVMiK, armi, armai, armai,
sim, sum, (SVM), sume, sunt
Es, est, esta, este, sum, sim, sunt
fer, fere, fersom, fersum (FERSVM),
batyn, BATYN
bello-are, arma-orum;
st
nd
sim, I am, sum, to be, sumus, 1 .pl. sunt, 2 .pl.
sum, esse, fui>
fero, ferre,
battuo [batuo]-are,
quia,
quia,
cia,
ceia,
3
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Become, to, Value
Before, in Front, Previous, Former
Before
Before, to go before, Excel, Anterior
Beg, Ask, Demand,
Beg, to Pray
Beginning, Origin, Birth
Behind, Back, Older,
Behind, Reject, Throw Back,
Behold!
Behold!
Bejeweled, to Moan
Beloved, Dear
Bellow, to Groan
Bend, to Arch, Curve
Bend, to Change, Flexible
Betray
Bewail, to Lament, to, Ask
Bile , Gall,
Bind, To Yoke
Bind, to Limit, End
Bird, Oiseau
Bird
Bird , Eternity, Omen?,
Bird of Auguries, Raven, Owl
Birth, Nature
Birth, to Give Birth, Beget
Birth, Descent
Black, Dark, Gloomy
Blackbird, Crow
Bleat
Bless, to
Bleed, to bleed, Bloody
Blind, to Make Blind, Darken
Bloody, to Bleed,
Bloody, to Bleed, Shed Blood
Boat, Barque, ship
Boat, Ship
Body, Flesh, Meat
Boii, Celts of Northern Italy
Bone or Mouth
Boreas, the North Wind
Born Again, Reborn
Born Again, Reborn (Continued)
Bough, Antler, Copper
Boundary, Speak, Oration,
Bow, Arc
Boy, Young Boy, Cherob
Bramble, Ruin
Branch, Vine, Stock
Brass, Bronze, Copper, Iron, Metal
Brazen-footed
Bread, Loaf
Bread Basket
Breast
Breeding, Bringing Forth of Young
4-32
7-24
1-81
1-82
7-20
7-26
6-78
7-21
8-3
3-95a
3-125
2-13
2-26
6-9
1-98
4-43
10-82
2-55
4-20
4-103
4-38
6-64
1-128
1-129
6-82
6-32
3-154
3-48
1-123
5-68
1-140
6-163
3-78
2-4
3-78
4-66
6-33
1-144
2-27
1-148
6-81
1-149
6-20
6-20
7-45
6-73
1-97
7-6
8-27
2-53
1-52
1-110
6-98
6-98
1-2
4-30
fi, fia
pre,
ant, anta,
anta, anter, anto (ANTV), antor (ANTVR),
posc (PVSC), prok,proco, prokis (PRVKIS),
prec, prek, prece, precer, PRII?
ors (VRS), orsum (VRSvM), orsum (VRSVM),
post (PVST), poste, posti, poster (PVSTER)
rica?
ec, ek
en
Kamito (KAMITV)
Kare, Karen, KARO (KARV), kareto (KARETV)
Mocum (MVCUM)
arcas, arce, arces, arcia, arcia, arcis, arcio , etc.
flics,
trati,
cere, ceren, ceres, ceres, ceri, ceris, raca, racar,
fels, feli,
iuc, (IVC), iuce, iuces, iuci, iucie, iuco,(IVCV),iuka,
fio, fieri, factus sum,
prae, adv. pro, prep.
ante, adv.; antea, before, foremerly
anto -ire posco, poscere, poposci; proco-are, to ask,
precor-ari, to beg, priere, supplication
orsus-um
post [older poste], postea, posterus [poster]reicio-icere-ieci-iectum
en! ecce
en (sometimes em!)
gemmatus-a-um; gemitus-us, a sigh
carus-a-um,
mugio-ire
arcuo-are,
flecto, flectere, flexi, flexum
trado [transdo] -dere-didi -ditum
queror, queri, questo; Arm. ’rek’, inquire,
fel, fellis,
ugo-are
fin,
finio-ire
oiso (OISO
avim (A8IM),
avis (AFIS),
osca (VSCA), osce (VSCE), oscn (VSCN), (OSINAS),
natur (NATVR)
eta, etes, eto (ETV), NAS, NASC, NASeR
avis-is (Fr. oiseau, bird)
avis-is
aevum-in, and aevus-i, time;
oscen-inis,
nature-ae,
edo-edere-didi-ditum; nascor-i; natus
cnos (CNVS),
cnos (CNVS),
Ater, atro (ATRV),
marle, merlum (MERLVM)
bale (BALE),
pies,
krove (KRVFE)
cace,
krove (KRVFE)
hare, hara, HARiR, hareo (HAREV) hareo (HAREV)
nave (NA8E), nafe (NAFE), naflis, (NAFLIS), berca
nave (NA8E), nafe (NAFE), naflis, (NAFLIS), berca,
carna, carnal, carnis, karne, karnos (KARNVS)
Boi (8VI), Boia (8VIA)
os (VS), osa (OSA)
Boris (BVRIS)
nac, nacim, nacus (NAKFS), nak, nakua,(NAKFA),
nai, nas, NASeR, nasc, nate, nateran, nati, natim>,
ram, ramas, ramo (RAMV), ramor, ramoer
or (VR), ora, oras, oran, ores, oror, orim, orsum
arc,
polesi (PVLESI), polem (PVLEM)
rovato, ruvato (RV8ATV)
cep, cepe, cepen, cepi, cepis;
ais,
arpe,
pane, panes?
panera,
mam? mamar
fetra, feture, fetos, fetus (FETVS), foato (FOATO)
ater, atra, atrum, dark
merula-ae,
balo-are,
beo-are,
cruento-are
caeco-are,
cruento-are
haurio, haurire, hausi,
navis-is, ship, navalis-e, naval, barca, barque
navis-is, ship (It. barca, boat)
4
caro, carnis,
Boii-orum
os, oris, mouth; os, ossis, bone
Boreas-a-um
nascor-i, natos and [gnatus], natus-a-um, born,
naturally, natio-onis, being born,
ramus-i, bough; remeo-are, to return, go back
oro-are, orsa-orum, to speak, ora-ae, boundary
arcus-us
puellus-i, a little boy
rubeta-orum, bramble, thickets
ramus-i; Fr. cep, vine stock; cépage, vine
aes, aeris
aeripes-edis
panis-is, bread
panarium-i, basket
mamma-ae,
fetura-ae, fetus-us, hatching, etc.
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Brennus, Gallic Chieftan?
Bridge, Pontus
Bright, To Shine, Clear
Bring Forth Young, Fetus
Bring, Carry, to Retain
Bring Together, Collect
Bronze, Metal, Copper
Bronze, Iron, Copper, Tin
Brood, Cover, Incubate
Bronze, Copper, Brass, Iron, Metal
Brother
Brother
Bull, Cow, Ox
Burn, to Scorch
Burn, to Dine
Bury, to Cover,
Bury, Tomb, Funeral
Bury, Tomb, Sepulcher
Bush
But if, However, Without, Let Alone
Buy, Purchase, to Bribe
By, For, Through
By, From, After, Out of, of,
By, Since, From, At, In Respect of,
By That Way
By, To, From, When, Whenever
By Which Way, Whereby
Cairn, Heap, Tumulus, to Circle
Calf of the Leg, Smile,
Call, to Summon, Prophesy
Call, to Summon,
Callous, Hard Skinned,
Camp Followers
Cannae?
Cap
Capable, to be Able
Capari, name?
Capua
Car to Transport Gods, Dense
Care For, to
Carpet, Tapestry
Carry Out, Sail Away
Carry, Sail, to Navigate
Carry, to Bear
Carry , to
Carry Away
Carry Away
Carry, Retain, to Bring
Cart, Wagon,
Carthagenians, Purple, Punic
Case, Instance
Cassock, Coat, Jacket
Cast Out , Eject, Throw Out
Cast Lots, Throw Together,
Catulus, Name, Small Dish? Puppy,
Cato, Cunning
1-153
7-14
3-36
4-30
7-54
3-51
1-46
1-52
Brinai (8RINAI),
pontis (PVNTIS)
cleri, CLeRII (probably a name)
fetra, feture, fetos, fetus (FETVS), foato (FOATO)
rec, reces,
cokar (CVKAR), coke (CVKE), (CVCV), cogi (CVbI),
AES
ais
3-74
1-52
1-151
4-50
10-19
6-84
3-24
10-24
11-2
9-5
4-49
9-26
3-122
6-113
1-25
1-24
4-98
1-25
2-42
2-57
9-41
1-27
2-9
2-11
5-47
2-17
2-19
7-37
2-20
2-23
10-34
2-25
10-17
3-102
4-11
4-26
1-126
10-46
3-88
7-54
2-28
7-13
2-34
9-43
3-114
3-62
2-37
2-36
cov, cob (CV8), covro, cobro (CV8RV),
ais,
brater (8RATER), BRATeR, BRATRO, BRATROM >
brater (8RATER), BRATeR, BRATRO, BRATROM >
tar, tarina,
osi (VSI), osit (VSIT),
cina, cinas, cine, cini, cino, (CINV), cinos, (CINVS),
tec, tek, THeK ( eK), THeKSI ( eKSI),
um, (VM), uma, umai(VMAI), ume, (VME),
SEPeLES,
frata, brata (8RATA), frati, brati (BRATI)
sin, sina, sine,
EMeR, EMeS
pe (PE), Pe, pei, per,
ap?,
a
ila, ilac,
ap, KOM (KVM),
cea,
cerniie
sori, suri (SVRI), soro, suro (SVRV), sorov, (SVRV8),
aca, ace, aci, acis,
CAL. CaLA, CaLa, KALA, KaLaS, KaLE, KaLV, KALI
calos, (CALVS),
LISIAI,
canin
Cap, cape
quisi,
capari
Capui (CAPVI),
tens, or tensitim, then ( EN),
car, caro (CARV), care, KARE
tapis,
ef, efa, efas, efe, efi, efis?
FE,
fer, fere, fersom, fersum (FERSVM),
afeu (AFEF)
tevra (TE8RA), tevre (TE8RE), tevri (TE8RI)
devio, (DEVIV)
rec, reces,
carra
ponig (PVNIb),
casus
sotanas (SVTANAS)
eic, eice, eik, eiser,
konikau, konikav (KVNIKAF)
KATeLE, KATeLES, KATeLO (KATeLV),
Cato (CATV). Catos (CATVS), KATE, KATI, KATO
5
Pontus-i, Black Sea, pons, pontis, bridge
clareo-ere, to be bright,
fetura-ae, fetus-us,
recipiio-cipere-, retain; It. recare, to bring
cogo, cogere
aes, aeris,
ferrum-i, iron, aes, aeris, copper
incubo-are, (It. covare)
aes, aeris
frater-tris, fratres,
frater-tris, fratres,
taurus-i, It. taurino bull-like,
uro, urere, ussi, ustum,
incendo-cendere-; ceno-are, to dine
tego, tegere, texi, tectum,
humo-are, to perform funeral rites or bury;
sepelio-pelire-, to bury, ruin, sepulchra-orum
frutex-icis (It. fratta, brush)
sin; but if ; sino, sinere, sivi, situm, let alone
emo, emere, emi, emptum
per, for, through, in, in, into towards, within
apud, at, ex, from, a, ab, abs, away from,
a
illa, ille, illia [older form olle and ollus], illac;
a, ab, abs, away from, of, by, cum, when
qua, abl., of qui, as adv.
circus-i, ring, Irish, gcarn, heap; Fr. cerne, ring,
sura-ae, the calf of the leg; Fr. souire, to smile
accio-iare -ivi -itum
calo-are
callosus,
lixa-ae, camp followers
Cannae-arum
caput-itis
queo, quire, quivi, and quii, quitum, to be able
Capri?
Capua-ae
tensa-ae; denso-are,
curo-are
tapeta-ae; Fr. tapis, carpet,
eveho vehere
veho, vehere, vexi, vectum; ve,
fero, ferre,
aveho-vehere-vexi-vectum
deveho-vehere
deveho-vehere
recipiio-cipere-, retain; It. recare, to bring
carrus-i; wagon, currus-us, chariot,
puniceus-a-um, purple, red; Punicus
casus-us
tunica-ae, jacket; It. sotana, cassock
eico-icere-ieci-iectum, •ícere
conicio-icere-ieci-iectum
catulus-i, puppy, catillus-i, a small dish
Cato-onis, catus-a-um, cunning;
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Cause, Pretend, Give a Reason
Cause, Produce
Cautious, Guarded,
Cease, to Stop
Cellar, Storeroom
Celts?
Cepheus, Greek god?
Cereal, Grain, Meal, Flour,
Ceres, goddess of Agriculture
Certainly, Very Much So
Chain
Chaina, (Chiana Valley)
Chaina, (Chiana Valley)
Chalchas (Greek Seer Calchas)
Chamber, Vaulted Chamber, Dome
Chamber, Cell, Room, Dome
Chaneri, Name of Gens
Change, Flexible, to Bend
Chaos, the Empty Void
Chariot
Chariot, Coach
Charon
Charon, Seer,
Chasun, Person’s Name
Cauise, Pretend, Give as a Reason
Cherish, To?
Cherob, Young Boy
Cherub, EPE OR, Spy?
Cherry
Chiana Valley
Chimera
Chiusi, Town
Choice, Crime, Criminal,
Choice, End?
Chon, Unknown Word
Chosen
Cimthum, Cimdum, Place?
Circle, Cairn, Heap, Tumulus,
Cite, to Summon, Name Citlav?
Cite, to Quote, to Summon
Citlav, Gens Name?
City, Village, Town
Clan, Tribe, Kin
Clan, Tribe
Clean, to Purify
Clean, Rub, to Smooth,
Clear, to Make Clear, Serene
Clenar, Personal Name, Gens
Clensi, Name, Gens
Cleo, Greek Muse
Cliff, Stack, Scarp
Close, to End, Closure
Cloud, Sky, Heaven,
Clevenias, Person’s Name
Club, Stick, Bat, Cudgel, Staff
3-72
3-107
2-2
2-61
8-62
2-50
2-54
4-8
2-56
2-31
2-38
2-6
3-3
3-4
2-12
2-12
3-5
4-43
3-1
3-27
3-53
3-6
2-29
3-7
3-72
3-83
7-6
3-132
9-29
3-3
3-11
3-12
8-53
3-16
3-14
5-32
3-23
2-57
3-28
3-29
3-28
11-38
10-87
3-33
6-40
10-39
9-7
3-34
3-35
3-31
9-56
3-42
10-18
3-38
3-32
cose (CVSE), coso (CVSV), (CVSVR), (CVSVS)
EFEAV (E EA8)
cave (CA8E), caver (CA8ER), CAF_, (cau-. caf-)?
ces, cesa, ceso (CESV),
selur (SELFR)
causor-ari
effio, old Pass. of efficio
celto (celtv)
Celtae-arum
Cephes, Kephes,
far,
Cepheus, Gk.. ‚ ƒ „
far, farris,
ceris,
evalta (E 8ALTA), or E 8ALTA,
Ceres-eris
valde
CATeNE, CATeNIS,
CHAINA (¯AINA)
CHAINA (¯AINA), CHIANE (¯IANE)
CHALCHAS (¯ALKAS)
CaMaReM,
CaMaReM,
CHANERI (¯ANERI)
flics,
CEOS (CEVS)
cisum (CISVM), cokie (CVKIE)
catena-ae,
cokie (CVKIE),
Charun (¯ARVN)
Charun (¯ARVN)
CHASUN (¯ASFN)
cose (CVSE), coso (CVSV), cosor (CVSVR), cosos
kua (KFA), kue (KFE)
polesi (PVLESI), polem (PVLEM)
Epe Or, (EPE VR), ep, epa?
sires,
Chaina (¯aina)
CHIMeR (¯IMeR), CHIMeRS , CHIMeRvM,
CHISO (¯ISV),
scela (SCeLA), sceles, SKeLES, SCeLOM, (SCeLVM)
CHUAS (¯FAS)
CHON (¯VN)
lektum, lektom (LEKTVM)
CIMTHvM, or CIM THvM
cerniie
caveo, cavere,
ceso-are
cellarius-a-um
Gk. …
, Chalkás
camera-ae,
camera-ae,
flecto, flectere, flexi, flexum
Chaos
cisum-iam; It. cocchio, chariot
cisum-iam; It. cocchio, chariot
Charon-ontis
Charon-ontis
causor-ari
foveo, fovere (Fr. chérir)
puellus-i, a little boy
speculor-ari, to spy, (It. spiare, Fr. épier)
cerasus-I; Fr. cerise, Scott, siris, cherry
chimaera-ae
Chiusi
scelero-are; scelus-eris, a crime, scoundrel
finis (It. chiusa, end, close, Fr. choix, choice)
lectus-a-um; Gk.
€ , eklektós, chosen
circus-i, ring, Irish, gcarn, heap; Fr. cerne, ring,
cit lav (CITLA8), etc., cita
citi, cito, (CITV), citho (CI V),
cito-are,
cito-are,
CITLA8, CITLV, CITLV8, CITLVP
Romanian, CEATL†U, piece of wood
VIKiLA (8IKiLA), VIKiLAS (8IKiLAS),
viculus-i, village,
trib (TRI8, tribo (TRI8V), triv, trib (TRI8),
clan,
neti, por (PVR), pora (PVRA), pore (PVRE), etc
teros (TERVS)
SeREN, SERReN,
Clenar, CLENaRON (CLENaRVN),
Clensi,
Claei
stakas,
CLvTRA
tapis?, kalem,
Clevenias (CLEFENIAS)
clab, clav (CLA8),
tribus-us
gens, tribus; Fr. clan, clan tribu, tribe
purgo-are, to clean,
tero, terere, trivi, tritum; tersum, to clean
sereno-are
6
Clio-us; Gk. Kl , eo
scopulus-I; It stacco, relief, prominence
claudo, claudere (Fr. clôture, closure, end)
caelum-i, heaven; Finnish-Uralic, taivas
clava-ae
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Club, Stick, Cudgel, Staff
Club
Clytemnestra, Wife of Agamemnon
CN, Abbreviation of Cnaeus
Cnaeus, Name
Cnei, Cynaeus, Hecuba, Priam’s wife
CNL, Greek Numeral 100?
Coach, Chariot,
Coat, Cassock, Jacket
Cocle, Name (Re: Horatius Cocles)?
Color, to Dye, Tint,
Collect, to Assemble
Collect, to Bring to One Point
Column, Neck
Commander, Head, Leader
Comb
Come, to
Come Together, Assemble
Come Through, to Arrive
Compare, Equalize, to Make Level,
Complete, Pregnant, Full
Compose
Conch, Sea Shell
Connect, to Fasten
Consecrate, Sanctify
Consequently, Therefore,
Conspire, Oath, to Take an Oath,
Consuming, Greedy,
Container, Pot, Vessel
Continue, to Proceed, Go
Controversy
Cook, to
Copper, Bough, Antler,
Copper, Bronze, Brass, Iron, Metal
Correct, to Put Straight
Cos, Island of Cos?
Country, Peasant
Cover, to Veil
Cover, to Bury
Covered Passage, Passage, Janus
Cow, Ox, Bull
Cow, Ox
Crai, King in Trojan War
Create, to Make
Crime, Criminal, Choice
Crime, Evil, Bad, to Strike
Crimp?, Drunkeness,
Criminal, Culprit, Sinner, Defendant
Croisie, Name, Epithet of Hercules
Crop, Arrow, Reap
Crowd?, Four,
Crowd, Gang, Troop, Group
Cruel, Cruelty
Club, Stick, Bat, Cudgel, Staff
Culprit, Criminal, Sinner, Defendant
11-52
4-48
3-43
3-44
3-47
3-46
3-45
3-53
9-43
3-52
10-69
3-81
3-51
3-54
2-24
6-139
4-24
3-81
6-143
1-128
7-4
3-56
3-61
3-63
8-42
7-30
3-60
3-100
11-18
6-128
7-7
3-50
7-45
1-52
3-67
3-71
8-25
4-16
10-24
4-83
1-150
11-10
3-76
3-75
8-53
7-40
3-77
7-61
3-79
8-60
2-39
4-46
3-80
3-32
7-61
vost, vust (8VST),
fost (8VST),
Cluthumustha (CLV VMVS A)
CN,
Cnes, cnos (CNVS)
Cnei,
CNL
fustis-is, stick, cudgel, club
fustis-is
Gk. ‚ ‡
Cn, Cnaeus-i
Cnaeus-i
cokie (CVKIE),
cisum-iam; It. cocchio, chariot
tunica-ae, jacket; It. sotana, cassock
sotanas (SVTANAS)
COCLe (CVCL)
tingus,
cu (CF), cua (CFA), cue, cuer, culoca, or cu luca
cokar, coke, coko (CVCV), cogi (CVbI)
cole (CVLE), kolem (KVLEM), KOLeN (KVLeN),
Caputis (CAPVTIS)
PETeNA
fena, fene, feni,
cu (CF), cua (CFA), cue (CFE), cue (CFE)
pevenes (PE8eNeS),
aces
tingo, tingere, tinxi, tinctum
coeo, ire (It. collocare)
cogo, cogere, coegi,
collum-I (It. colonna, column)
caput-it is, commander
Pectin (It. petine), comb
venio, venita, veni, ventum, to come
coeo, ire
pervenio venire-veni-ventum,
acquo-are
plenas,
plenus-a-um
koma (KVMA), komiav, (KVMIA8), (KVMV)
konce (KVNCE)
konis (KVNIS)
santi, santis,
proita (PRVITA)
cona (CVNA), Kona (KVNA), conoeri (CVNVERI)
EDAES
vas (8AS), vasei (8ASEI), vasi, (8ASI)
perk,
Polomk, (PVLVMiK), POLOMiKU (PVLVMiKF)
coc (CVC), koce (KVCE), kocer (KVCER), (KVKVR)
ram, ramas, ramo (RAMV), ramor, ramoer
ais,
KOReK (KVReK), KOReG (KVReG)
kos (KVS)
ros, rus (RVS), rusa (RFSA), RUSTA (RVSTA),
FELaR, felara (FELARA) , FELaRA, FELaRE, FELaRI,
tec, tek, THeK ( eK), THeKSI ( eKSI),
Ian, Ianos, Ianus (IANVS)
Bov, bob (8V8),
como, comere
concha-ae
conecto-necteresancio, sancire, sanxi, sanctum [sancitum]
proinde and proin
coniuro-are
edax-acis
vas, vasis, a utensil; It. vaso, pot, vessel
pergo, pergere, perga, perrectum
Gk.
, polemikí, argumentative,
coquo, coquere
ramus-i, bough; remeo-are, to return, go back
aes, aeris
corrigo-rigerrus, ruris, rusticus-a-um, country, rural,
velo-are
tego, tegere, texi, tectum,
ianus-i, Janus
bos, bovis, ox, vacca-ae, cow; taurus-i, bull
vaca (8ACA), vace (8ACE), vaci (8ACI)
CRAI
bos, bovis, ox, vacca-ae, cow
cra, cre, cri, kra, kre, kri,
scela (SCeLA), sceles, SKeLES, SCeLOM, (SCeLVM)
ra (RA), rae,
crap,
reo, reu (REV), reoi, reui (REVI), reus (REVS),
CROISIE (CRVISIE)
segeta, segetes
catra, katres, katro (KATRV), katrom (KATRVM),
fol, ful (FVL),
cruthai, (CRVTHAI)
creo-are
scelero-are; scelus-eris, a crime, scoundrel
rea-ae, f. reus-i , to repel, ward off,
crapula-ae, drunkenness; Fr. creper, to crimp?
reus-i and rea-ae, party in a law-suit
seges-etis, crop, sageta, arrow
caterva-ae, group, quattuor, four
vulgus (volgus) -i,
crudelis-e, adj.
clab, clav (CLA8),
clava-ae
reo, reu (REV), reoi, reui (REVI), reus (REVS),
reus-i and rea-ae, party in a law-suit
7
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Cultivate, Hill?
Cure, to Cure, Heal, Healthy,
Curia, Senate
Curve, Bend, to Arch,
Cursed, Threatened
Cut, to Cut, Dagger, Dry, Make Dry,
Cut, to Cut, Name?
Cut Off, Truncate
Cutting Down, Slaughter, Sacrifice
Dagger, Dry, to Make Dry, to Cut
Dance, to Jump, to Turn
Darken, to Darken
Darken, to Blind, to Make Blind,
Daughter
Daughter-in-Law
Dawn, Eos, Goddess of Dawn
Dawn, Sunrise, Aurora, East, Morn’g
Day, Daytime
Dear, Beloved,
Debt, to Owe,
Deceive, to be Mistaken, Fault
Deceit, Strophe, Trickery, Treachery
Decorate, Adorn,
Defendant, Culprit, Criminal, Sinner,
Defy, to
Deities, Household Deities, Penates,
Demand, Ask, to Beg
Demolish, Eject, Dislodge,
Dense, Car to Transport Gods
Deny, to Refuse, Swim Back
Deny, Say No
Deny, I Deny
Descend, To Drop
Desert, Wasteland
Desire, to Long For
Desire, to Wish
Destiny, Fate
Destruction, Ruin, to Go to Ruin,
Devour, to Gorge
Dew, to Moisten
Die, to Perish
Die, to Perish
Dine, to
Dione, Goddess
Dip , to Immerse
Dirge, Funeral Song
Dis, god of the Underworld, Pluto,
Disclose, Reveal, Unlock, Unbolt,
Disembowel, Tear in Pieces
Deserve, Merit, to
Dish, Small Dish?Puppy, Catulus,
Disgrace, Eleven
Dislodge, Eject, Demolish
Dispatch, to Send
Dispute, to Quarrel
Distribute
3-13
6-100
3-66
1-98
3-59
8-58
10-9
7-34
2-8
8-58
8-40
10-14
2-4
1-6
6-53
6-77
6-77
10-64
2-26
10-23
4-5
9-62
10-26
7-61
10-28
6-101
7-20
3-108
10-34
7-59
6-34
3-94
2-10
10-41
1-131
9-30
4-10
10-76
11-46
8-13
6-71
6-127
2-52
3-89
5-84
6-25
10-75
7-65
3-109
5-83
2-37
6-69
3-108
9-50
8-11
3-144
CHOLE (¯VLE), CHOLIS, CHOLeRE (¯VLeRE)
paniem,
koraia (KVRAIA), koreia (KVREIA)
arcas, arce, arces, arcia, arcia, arcis, arcio , etc.
comni (CVMNI)
sec, sek, seca, secom (SECVM),
TAIE
prosikuren (PRVSIKVREN)
caitim,
sec, sek, seca, secom (SECVM),
salt
tam, tamera
cace,
filae, file,
nor, nur (NVR), nora (NORA), nore (NVRE),
Eos (EVS), Eus (EFS)
OROAS (VRVAS),
colo, colere; collis-is hill, high ground
paean-anis; curo-are, to cure, heal
curia-ae
arcuo-are,
comminor-ari
sicco-are, make dry, seco-, to cut, sica, dagger,
secare, caedere, It. tagliare, Rom. a tˆia, to cut,
proseco-secare-secui, sectumcaedis-is, cutting down, slaughter,
sicco-are, make dry, seco-, to cut, sica, dagger,
salto-are, It. saltare, to jump, vault
temero-are,
caeco-are,
fila-ae
nurus-us
Eos, eous -a -um
aurora-ae
tie, thie ( IE), ties, tio, tiu,(tiv), thyo ( YV)
dies-ei,
Kare, Karen, KARO (KARV), kareto (KARETV)
teb (TE8), tebe (TE8E), tebra, tevre (TE8RE), tevre
fal, fale, falia,
Strophgla, (STRV bLA), strophglas,
tecum (TECVM),
reo, reu (REV), reoi, reui (REVI), reus (REVS),
teu (TEF), deviv?
Panatam,
posc (PVSC), prok,proco, prokis (PRVKIS),
efeti, efetsum (EFET SvM),
tens, or tensitim, then ( EN),
ren, rena, rener (RENeR), Reneri, reno, rent>
carus-a-um,
debeo -ere
fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsum
stropha-ae, a trick, artifice;
decoro-are,
reus-i and rea-ae, party in a law-suit
provoco-are; Fr. défier,
Penates-ium
posco, poscere, poposci; proco-are, to ask,
everto-everti-vertere
tensa-ae; denso-are,
renuo-nuere, to deny, renovo-are, to renew
nekas, nekie, neir,
nego-are; Fr. neir, deny
EAV, EAB (EA8)
KALI,
tescam,
av (A8), avim (A8IM)?
sis, sisi, or sise
fas, fasia, fata,
tisper,
vo (8V), vore (8VRE), voros (8VRVS)?
ro, ru (RV), ror, rur (RVR), roras, ruras (RVRAS)
opeto (VPETV)
pera, peri, periai, perion,PERIReN, pero, perum
eiuro and eiero-are
cado-ere-cecidi , yo drop, Fr. calare, to fall
tesqua [tesca] orum,
aveo-are,
si vis, sis = si vis
as, fasces, lictor's axe; fateor, fateri; fatum-i,
dispereo-ire-li,
voro-are, to eat greedily
roro-are,
oppeto-ere, to die, obitus-us, death
pereo-ire-li-ivi-itum; to vanish, perish;
cen, ceni, ceno (CENV),
ceno-are
Dione (DIVNE)
merso (MERSV), mersos (MERSVS),
nana?, nanie,
Tis, Tisim,
resa, resan, resane, rese, resi,
EFISXeR,
mer, meres, meri, merio, meritan, merito
KATeLE, KATeLES, KATeLO (KATeLV),
ont (VNT), onts (VNTS)
efeti, efetsum (EFET SvM),
speto (SPETV)
riseras,
erok (ERVK),
Dione-es and Diona-ae
merso-are
naenia = nenia-ae
Dis, Ditis, dis, ditis
resero-are
eviscero-are
mereo-ere- ui-itum; meritus-a-um,
catulus-i, puppy, catillus-i, a small dish
inhonesto-are, to disgrace, undecim, eleven
everto-everti-vertere
expedio-ire-, to free from a snare,
rixor-ari,
erogo-are
8
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Divide, to Part
Divine
Divine Command, Fate:
Do, to Make
Dog
Dome, Chamber, Vaulted Chamber,
Domicile, House, Home,
Door, Gate,
Door, Threshold, Limit, Port, Gate
Doris, Wife of Nereus
Double
Draw, Engrave, Write, Inscribed
Draw Out, Empty
Draw, to Pull
Dread, Fear, to Darken
Dream, to Dream
Dregs, Lees of Wine
Drink, to Drink
Drink
Drop, to Descend,
Drunk?, Noise, to Make a Noise,
Drunkeness, to Crimp?
Dry, to Make Dry, Dagger
Dye, Tint, to Color
Each, Every, Everyone
Eagle
Earth, Hearth, Web
Earth, Ground, Plaster
Easy
East, Sunrise, Dawn, Aurora, Morn’g
Eat, to
Egg
Eighty
Eioneus (Ixion), Hero, Aeneas?
Eject, Dislodge, Demolish
Eject, To Cast Out
Eject, Throw Out, Cast Out
Elder, Council of Elders, Senate, Old
Eleven, Disgrace,
Embellish, to Adorn
Empty, Draw Out,
Empty, Void
Empty, Void, Chaos
Encircle, Heap, Cairn, Tumulus
End, Limit, Finish
Enemy, Stranger, Host, Hostile
Engrave, Write, Written, Inscribed
Entire, Total, Whole
Enunciate, to Explain
Eos, goddess of the Dawn
EPE OR, Cherub, Spy?
EPE, child-like god? Spy upon?
Eph, Earth goddess, of Ephesus?
Ephes, Ephesus
Epheseus, Efes of Modern Turkey
Epic
6-107
10-45
4-10
4-1
2-15
2-12
3-91
7-18
5-43
10-62
9-42
8-57
4-66
10-72
11-32?
7-70
4-4
7-22
1-147
2-10
3-77
3-77
8-58
10-69
2-62
1-34
10-30
10-37
4-2
6-77
3-151
6-90
6-62
3-128
3-108
4-90
3-114
9-1
6-69
10-26
4-66
11-15
3-1
2-57
4-38
6-86
8-57
5-4
4-102
3-131
3-132
3-132
10-101
3-104
3-104
3-133
parto (PARTV)
tevens (TE8eNS)
fas, fasia, fata,
fac, faca, facbo (FAC8V), fai, fak, FAKeR,
KANE, KaNE, KaNES, KaNI, KaNIS
CaMaReM,
domo (DVMV)
porta (PVRTA), porti (PVRTI), porto (PVRTV),
liman,
Thurasi ( VRASI)
sos, sus, (SVS),
scriato, (SCRIATV)
hare, hara, HARiR, hareo (HAREV), haus (HAVS)
tir, tiri
partio-ire
divinus, divine
as, fasces, lictor's axe; fateor, fateri; fatum-i,
facio, facere, feci, factum, faciebam,
canis-is
camera-ae,
domus-us
porta-ae
limen-inis,
Doris-dis, Gk. ‰Š , Doris
duplex, double; It. sosia, double; Rom. SOSIE,
scripo, scribere, It. scritta, inscription;
haurio, haurire, hausi, haustum,
traho-here-xi –ctum; It. tirare, Fr. tirer,
rev (RE8), reva (RE8A), revo (RE8V), revi, revio,
fais,
pot (PVT), pote, POTeS (PVTeS), beros (bervs),
BeR or BiR, beros (BERVS),
KALI,
incrap, or crap
crap,
sec, sek, seca, secom (SECVM),
tingus,
cesk,
acil, ACILaR , acila
tel, telos, telus (TELVS),
tera, teri, terim, terra-ae
facil
OROAS (VRVAS),
esi, eso (ESV)
ov (V8), ove (V8E)
octito, octitu (VCTITV)
somnio-are, to dream; Fr. rever, to dream
faex, faecis,
poto, potare, potum; It. bere, Fr. boire
bibo-ere, to drink, It. bere, Fr. boire
cado-ere-cecidi , yo drop, Fr. calare, to fall
increpo-are, make noise, crapula-ae, drunk
crapula-ae, drunkenness; Fr. creper, to crimp?
sicco-are, make dry, seco-, to cut, sica, dagger,
tingo, tingere, tinxi, tinctum
quisque, quaeque
aquila-ae
tellus-oris, earth; tela-ae, a web in
terra-ae
facilis-e
aurora-ae, sunrise, dawn; Oriens, east
edo, edere or ese, edi, esum
ovum-i
octogina, eighty (It. ottanta, eighty)
Enai,
Gk.
efeti, efetsum (EFET SvM),
iek,
eic, eice, eik, eiser,
SeNATA, SeNATE, SeNATES, SeNIMO
ont (VNT), onts (VNTS)
tecum (TECVM),
hare, hara, HARiR, hareo (HAREV), haus (HAVS)
vanose (8ANVSE),
CEOS (CEVS), CHYUS (¯YFS)
cerniie
everto-everti-vertere
eicio-icere-ieci-iectum,
eico-icere-ieci-iectum, •ícere
senatus-us [or-i]
inhonesto-are, to disgrace, undecim, eleven
decoro-are, adorn
haurio, haurire, hausi, haustum,
vanus-a-um, empty, void,
Chaos
circus-i, ring, Irish, gcarn, heap; Fr. cerne, ring,
, Aineías; Rom. ENEA
fin, finar,
finio-ire
ost (VST), oste (VSTE), osti (VSTI), ostis (VSTIS)
scriato, (SCRIATV)
tuta, tutas, tute, tuthi (TV I), tuthio (TV IV)
inok, inuk (INVK)
hostis-is, stranger, enemy
scripo, scribere, It. scritta, inscription;
tutus-a-um, totius, toti, totius,
enucieo-are,
Eos (EVS); Eus (EFS)
Eos, eous -a -um, Gk. ‹Š , Éos
Epe Or, (EPE VR), ep, epa?
ep, epa? Epe Or,
EPH, (E )
speculor-ari, to spy, (It. spiare, Fr. épier)
Fr. épier, to spy upon
efia, euia (EFIA)
efia, euia (EFIA),
epic
epicus-a-um
9
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Epic Poem
Epior, Ephyra, Hercules’ Conquest
Equalize, to Make Level, Compare
Equip, to Adorn
Era
Era, Mistress(es), Lady,
Eraia, Name, Ladies, Mistresses?
Erebus, god of the Underworld
Erebus, Netherworld, Underworld
Erect
Eryinyes, One of the Furies
Eria, Name?
Erion, Person’s Name?
Eros, Cherub- God of Love, Lord?
Err, to Wander
Escape (By Swimming)
Eternity
Eternity
Eternity, Omen?, Bird
Etruria? (Tuscany)
Euippe (Athamas), unluckiest man
Every, Everyone, Each,
Evil-Doing, Mischievous,
Evil, Nefarious, Unholy,
Evil, Bad, Crime, to Strike
Eviscerate, Disembowel
Ewe, Lamb,
Examine, to Pry,
Exceed, Excel, go before, Anterior,
Excel, to go before, Anterior, Exceed
Excellent, Good,
Except
Exhaust, to make Weary,
Exhausted, Weary,
Exit, To Go Out
Expectation, Hope
Expiate, to Propitiate,
Expiate, to Loose,
Explain in Detail, Enunciate
Expose
Extend, Stretch
Exquisite, to Search For
Eye
Fade, to Pale
Fairies, Specters, Household Gods,
Fall, to Fall Down, Drop
Falsely, to Speak Falsely , to lie,
Fame, Favor, Talk
Fame, Glory, Praise,
Fare, Passage Money, Ticket
Fasten, to Connect,
Fasten, Fix; Bread and Basket?
Fate
Fate, Destiny, Divine Command
Father
Father, Fatherland, Ancestor
3-135
3-132
1-28
6-76
3-139
3-137
3-137
1-102
1-102
3-141
3-142
3-138
epos (EPVS)
Epior (EPIVR)
aces
orn (VRN)
era, eras, eraia?
Epos (Gk.
eraia
era-ae
era-ae, lady, mistress
3-143
Erion (ERIVN)
Orion-onis? Mythical Hunter
3-145
3-136
3-127
3-116
4-94
1-129
3-155
3-156
2-62
5-58
6-27
7-40
3-109
1-40
8-7
1-82
1-82
1-143
6-46
5-20
4-27
3-97
9-49
6-124
5-51
4-102
6-111
6-102
3-98
6-61
9-58
5-16
2-10
2-60
4-6
5-13
6-21
3-63
6-98
6-150
4-10
1-3
6-112
Eros (ERVS), ERoS (ERvS)
er, err, ere, eres, ero (ERV), err (ERvR), erri, erin
ena, enas, ene, eno, enu (ENV)
eifi
if, ife,
avis (AFIS),
etr
euple (EVPLE
cesk,
malafais (MALAFAIS),
naph, naphar, (NA AR)
ra (RA), rae,
EFISXeR,
acne, akne, aknem, AKNEV, akni, agnina
rimat,
anta, anter, anto (ANTV), antor (ANTVR),
anta, anter, anto (ANTV), antor (ANTVR),
BeNI, beno (BENV), Bono,
nis
Eros, Cupid, erus-i, master, lord
erro-are
eno-are
aevus-i
aevum-i; also aeus-i
aevum-in, and aevus-i, time;
Etruria-ae
las, LASI, lasier,
lasso-are, make weary
fese, fesi, see also las, lasier,
ecs, eks, ECHS, (E¯S)
spe, (spe tri), spi, spo (SPV), speso (SPESV),
peori, (PEVRI)
lua, lui, luis, luit (LFIT), lur, LURS (LVRvS), lus (LFS)
enok, enuk (envk)
paten,
panta, tenta, tento (TENTV)
ekci
ocholeim (VCHVLEIM)
stinto (STINTV),
lar, lare, lari, laris,
KALI
kes,
fama
lauo (LAFV), laues (LAFES), LAVS, lavan , lautin
nal
konis (KVNIS)
pane, panes, panera,
Phato ( ATV),
fas, fasia, fata,
patir (PATYR), patre, baba, ate, ates, atia, atie/i
patir (PATYR), patre, baba, ate, ates, atia, atie/i
fessus-a-um,
exeo-iresperare, to hope; spes-ei, hope, expectations,
pio-are
luo, luere, lui,luiturus, to expiate
enucieo-are, explain in detail
pateo-ere, to expose
pando, pandare, pandi; extend-tendere -tendi
exquiro [quaero], to search for
oculus-i -im,
palleo-ere, to be pale; It. stinto, adj. faded
lar, laris, lares,
cado-ere-; It., calare,
mentior-iri ; Fr. gésir, to lie
fama-ae, talk, fame,
laudo-are, laus, laudis, praise, fame,
naulum-i
conecto-necterepango, pangere-; It. paniere, bread basket
fatum-i, fate
as, fasces, lictor's axe; fateor, fateri; fatum-i,
pater-tris, father
pater-tris, father
, épos, epic)
acquo-are
orno-are
aera, counters, age, epoch; It. era; Fr. ère
Eraia
Arepes, deus (TEFS), deis (TEIS)
Arepes, deus (TEFS), deis (TEIS)
erek, eric,
Ereni,
Eria
10
Erebus-i, Deus-i,
Erebus-i, Deus-i,
erigo-rigere-rexi, rectum,
Erinys-yos, Gk. Œ „ , Erinýes
quisque, quaeque
maleficus-a-um; adv. malefice
nefas, unholy,
rea-ae, f. reus-i , to repel, ward off,
eviscero-are
agnae-ae (f), agnus-i (m)
rimore-ari,
anto -ire anto -ire bene, adv., bonus-a-um
nisi
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Father
Fault, Deceive, to be Mistaken,
Favor, Fame, Talk
Favor, Grace
Fear, to
Fear, to
Fear, Panic, god of Fear
Fear, Mast, Pole
Feast, Banquet, Holiday, Festival
Feather
FELCHAINA, Great Chaina?
Felsi, Name?
Feltune (Veltune, Etruscan god)
Fesni, Fescennia, Etruscan Town
Festival, Feast, Banquet, Holiday,
Fetus, Offspring, Bringing Forth
Few
Field, Terrain
Figure, type
Fill, Fill Again, to Satisfy, Pregnant
Fill, to Satisfy
Fill, to Fill , to Satisfy,
Find, to Find Again
Finish, Bind, Limit
Fiora , town, river?, to Strike,
Fire, Hearth, Seal
Fire, Pyre,
Fish. to fish
Fishhook, Hook,
Five
Flag, Standard
Flank, Loins, Shank
Flat
Fleece, Wool
Flesh, Pulp
Flexible, to Change, Bend
Flour, Grain, Meal, Cereal
Flufluns , god Dionysus
Fodder, Food,
Folk, People
Food, Grain, Barley
Food, Bait, Victuals
Food, Sustenance
Food, Pasture,
Food, Bait
Food, Fodder
Foot, Leg
For
For, By, Through
Forget
Former, Previous, Before, in Front,
Fort, Tower
Fortress, Rock,
Forward, Next
Foul, Hideous
Four
1-120
4-5
4-6
4-25
6-94
10-66
6-156
10-32
4-29
6-117
4-17
4-21
4-22
4-28
4-29
4-30
6-123
10-20
10-70
7-64
4-9
8-46
7-63
4-38
4-13
6-157
6-170
6-133
4-63
6-138
4-31
5-54
7-2
4-23
7-8
4-43
4-8
4-44
2-43
7-16
3-17
3-148
1-117
6-110
3-148
2-43
6-132
6-22
6-113
6-58
7-24
2-35
3-25
7-17
10-10
1-16
Ate, ates, Atia, Ati, Atie
fal, fale, falia,
fama
fenias,
paeveis (PAEFEIS), pav (PAF), pava, pavapa
timam, timem, timo (TIMV); Phobia,
Phobia ( V8IA),
Tema, TeMIA, or Te MIA
fet,
pen
FELKAINA, or FEL CHAINA
Hittite, atta, attas, Albanian, ate,
fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsum
fama-ae, talk, fame,
venia-ae,
paveo, pavere, pavi,
timeo-ere; Gk. ƒ€• , fobos, fear
pavor-oris, dread (Gk. ƒ€• , phobos, fear)
temo-onis,
festus-a-um
penna-ae,
Chianciano Terme, cult center?
FELSI,
Feltvne
Fesni,
fet,
fetra, feture, fetos, fetus, foato (FOATO)
peo (PEV), poe, (PVE), poia, (PVIA), poci (PVCI),
Tarina?
tipa, tipe, tipes,
replio (REPLIO)
farsi, farsit,
sat, sata, sate, sati, sato (SATV), sataro (SATARV)
repin, repine,
fin, finar,
feira
phoce ( VCE), phoki ( VCI)
pir, pire, piri,
pesca, (Nom. n. pl.),
ham?, Possibly name, Hampheris, Amphiaraüs?
pet
FEXIES,
luns (LVNS),
plano (PLANV), planes,
felus, felos (FELVS), lan, lane, LANTeS,
pulpe (PVLPE)
flics,
far,
Flufluns (FLVFLVNS)
kebu (KEBV),
popla (POPvLA), popolo, popolom (PVPvLVM),
ciba, civa (CIFA), cibas, civas (CIFAS)
esa
aska,
pastos (PASTOS)
esa
kebu (KEBV),
pes,
nam
pe (PE), Pe, pei, per,
obli (V8LI)
pre,
kastro (KASTRV),
PETR, PETRO (PETRV), PETROIS, PETROS, kir/ kur
por (PVR),
TAITeR,
catra, katres, katro (KATRV), katrom (KATRVM),
11
Fescennia-ae
festus-a-um
fetura-ae, fetus-us,
pauci, rari
ager, agri, It. terreno, ground
typus-i
repleo-plere-, repletus-a-; to fill again, satisfy
farcio, farcire, farsi, fartum
satio-are
reperio-reperie, repperi, repertum
finio-ire
ferio-ire, to strike, (It. Fiora River)
phoca-ae and phoce, focus-i, hearth,
pyra-ae,
piscor-ari, to fish, piscis-is, fish,
hamus-i, a hook
quinque; (Gk. pente, five)
vexillum-i
lumbus, loins; It. lonza, loins
planus-a-um, even, flat
velus-eris, lana-ae, wool, lanatus-a-um,
pulpa-ae, flesh, pulp,
flecto, flectere, flexi, flexum
far, farris,
Dionysus
cibus-i,
populus-i,
cibus-i, food,
esca-ae
esca-ae,
pastus-us, food, pasture;
esca-ae
cibus-i,
pes, pedis
nam, namque
per, for, through, in, in, into towards, within
obliviscor, oblivisci, (It. obliare, to forget)
prae, adv. pro, prep.
castelum-i, castra-orum, camp,
saxum-i, petram, rock (It. pietra, stone)
pro, prosus, prosum, forward
taeter-tra-tru,
quattuor, four
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Four?, a crowd,
Fourth, of the Fourth
Fountain, Well, Source
Frequent?
Friend, to Love
Frighten, to
From, After, Out of, of, by
From, At, In Respect of, Since, By
From, Out of
Front, in, Former, Previous, Before,
Fruitful, Happy
Fruitful, Lucky, HappyFull, Complete, Pregnant,
Funeral Song, Dirge, Grandmother
Furies, Female Spirits of Revenge
Fury
Fury, Rage, Rabid
GA, a Suffix
Gaea, Ge, Mother goddess
Gaius, Name
Gaius, Name
Gall, Bile
Galley With Six Banks of Oars
Gang, Group, Crowd, Troop,
Gate, Door
Gate, Port, Door, Threshold, Limit,
Gerion, Mythical Herdsman of Spain
Ghost, Specter
Giant
Give a Reason, Cause, Pretend,
Give, Pay
Give, Piety
Glory, Praise, Fame
Go Away
Go Out, Exit
Go Over, Pass,
Go, to Go
Go, to Go, Yield
Go to Meet
Goat, He-Goat,
God
God-like
Golden
Good, Excellent
Gorge, to Devour,
Govern, to Rule
Govern
Gown, Toga
Grace, Favor
Grain, Meal, Flour, Cereal
Granddaughter
Grandfather, Nine
Grandfather
Grandmother
Grandson, Nephew
Grapes
2-39
7-39
6-158
4-51
1-69
9-48
1-25
1-24
3-92
7-24
11-40
4-36
7-4
6-25
3-142
6-159
8-50
4-52
4-56
2-7
3-2
4-20
4-70
4-46
7-18
5-43
2-59
5-19
4-55
3-72
6-12
6-172
5-13
1-84
3-97
6-108
4-112
2-65
6-57
2-21
10-29
10-77
1-138
1-143
11-46
7-56
4-60
10-97
4-25
4-8
6-28
6-51
1-133
1-132
6-36
4-68
catra, katres, katro (KATRV), katrom (KATRVM),
qurtinii (QVRTINII)
phont,( VNT), phonta, phonte, Phontia
frekun (FREKYN),
(continued) amo (AMV), ami, amie, AIMeR, etc.
spavo (SPA8V),
ap?,
a
pre,
FILiK, VILiK (8ILiK)?
FILiK, VILiK (8ILiK)?
caterva-ae, group, quattuor, four
quartanas-a-um, of the fourth
fontanus-a-um; fons, fontis, a spring,
frequens-entis
amo-are, to love;amicus, amica, friend
pavor, fright; It. spavento, fright, fear,
apud, at, ex, from, a, ab, abs, away from,
a
e, ex
prae, adv. pro, prep.
felix-icis, fruitful;
felix-icis, fruitful;
plenas,
plenus-a-um
nana, nanie
Ereni
phor, phur (
VR), phorie, phurie ( VRIE),
savo (SABV)
GA
Giie,
Cais,
CHAES, ( AES)
fels, feli,
HEKSR,
fol, ful (FVL),
porta (PVRTA), porti (PVRTI), porto (PVRTV),
liman,
CERUN (CERVN),
laro, larth? (LARO), laru (LARV), laruaia (LARFAIA),
gice (bICE),
cose (CVSE), coso (CVSV), (CVSVR), (CVSVS)
moni (MVNI), monis, mono
pite, piti,
lauo (LAFV), laues (LAFES), LAVS, lavan , lautin
apa, ape, apen, api, Apis?
ecs, eks, ECHS, (E¯S)
pasar,
ir, ire, iri, iri, itis, ito, (ITV), itun (ITVN),
ceto (CETV),
obe (V8E), oban (V8AN), Obatim (OBATIM)
Caper, capere, caperi,
tei, thei ( EI), teia, teiva, teis, teim, teo, tev teus,
tio, tiu (TIV), tius, (TIVS), tiva (TYFA), tivi (TIFI),
auratom, (AFRATVM),
BeNI, beno (BENV), Bono,
vo (8V), vore (8VRE), voros (8VRVS)?
rek, rekin (REKYN), regl (REbL), regle, reglo
goverm (bVFERM),
toca, toce, (TVCE), toces, (TVCES), toci, (TVCI),
fenias,
far,
napti
nono, nunu (NVNV)
avo (A8V),
ava (A8A)
nepos, NEPVS
HeKNIS
naenia = nenia-ae, funeral song,
Erinys-yos, a Fury (Gk. Œ „ , Erinýes)
furia-ae
saevio-ire, to be furious
e, ecs, eks?
12
(Gr. Gaea or Ge, earth, goddess)
Caius = Gaius,
fel, fellis,
hexeris-is
vulgus (volgus) -i,
porta-ae
limen-inis,
Gk. Ž
, Gérion
larva [larua]-ae
Gigas-ganas, a giant
causor-ari
munero-are and muneror-ari;
dare, donare, to give, (Baltic, padatun)
laudo-are, laus, laudis, praise, fame,
abeo, abi-itum,
exeo-ire-li (ivi)-itum
passus, pp. of pandere, (It. passare)
ito-are, itus-us,
cedo, cedere, cessi, cessum
obeo-ire-ivi-itum
caper-ri
deus, divus, di [dii], divi, dea, diva
dius-a-um, divine
auratus-a-um
bene, adv., bonus-a-um
voro-are, to eat greedily
rego, regere, rexi, rectum, to rule
guberno-are,
toga-ae,
venia-ae,
far, farris,
neptis-is
nonus-a-um, nine, (It. nonno, grandfather)
avus-i
avia-ae
nepos-otis
acinus-i,
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Grating, Trellis
Grave, Suvera (Name), To Avert
Grave, Tomb, Bury, Sepulcher,
Grave, Tomb, Then
Great, Grown,
Great, Man,
Great, Worthy
Great, Magnificent, Majestic
Great, Very Great?, Pes Nim?,
Greedy, Consuming
Greedy
Grey, Pallid, Hoary
Grim, Savage,
Groan, to Lament
Ground, Earth, Plaster
Group, Crowd, Gang, Troop,
Grove, A Wood, Tree, Forest
Grown, Great
Guard, be on ones Guard
Guard, Protect, to Watch,
Guard, Rounds, to Make Rounds,
Guarded, Cautious
Hades
Hair
Hairy
Hall, Room
Halt, Stop,
Hand
Hand Over, Surrender
Handle
Happy, Fruitful,
Harangue, Oration,
Hard Skinned, Callous
Hare, Rabbit?
Hardwood, Oak,
Harsh , Sorrow, Sad,
Harvest, Reap
Hausa, Name?
Hausa, Name?, Associated to Mars
Have, to
Have, to
He Goat
Her, He, She, It
Head, Leader, Commander
Head, Roof
Heal, Healthy, to Cure,
Healthy
Healthy, to Cure
Heap up
Heap, Cairn, Tumulus, to Circle
Heap, Mass,
Heart, MInd
Heart
Hearth, Earth, Web
Heaven, Sky, Cloud
Hector, Son of Priam of Troy
3-37
9-16
9-5
10-101
1-68
6-134
4-15
5-74
6-134
3-100
1-137
2-18
10-111
2-51
10-37
4-46
6-23
1-68
1-26
10-118
8-19
2-2
1-54
6-166
3-57
8-37
4-62
5-64
10-82
1-80
11-40
5-21
2-11
5-37
8-14
10-91
5-86
10-90
4-67
1-56
1-130
4-61
3-118
2-24
10-44
6-100
8-36
6-100
2-57
2-57
5-71
3-15
3-65
10-30
10-18
3-99
kletra, kletram, cletram, kletre,
clatri-orum,
SeVERA (SeFERA), SV8ERA,
severus-a-um, grave, serious,
sepelio-pelire-, bury, ruin, sepulchra-orum
tum; then; tumulus-i, mound
altus-a-um
Hitttite pesnas, pesan, pesn. psen, man, verility
valo-are, to be strong, (Hittite, wali, great) etc
maximus-a-um,
pes, pedis. nimius-a-um, very great
edax-acis
avaras-a-um
canus-a-um
torvus-a-um, savage,
SEPeLES,
tom, tum (TVM
alto, altu (altv),
pesnim, pesnimu, (PESNIMV)
fel, VEL, MAXIMAS (MAÄIMAS),
maximas(maÄ imas),
Pesnim, pesnimu
EDAES
avra, (A8RA), avras (A8RaS), a8erom, (A8ERVM),
Canua (CANFA), canva?
torov, turov, (TVRV8)
cem, cemo (CEMV)
gemo, gemere, gemui, gemitum
tera, teri, terim, terra-ae
fol, ful (FVL),
namo (NAMV)
alto, altu (altv),
cave (ca8e), caver (ca8er), CAF_?
tutin (TVTIN), tuto (TVTO), tuto (TVTV)
ron, rona, rone, rons, runs, ronem, roni, ronis>
cave (CA8E), caver (CA8ER), CAF_, (cau-. caf-)?
AITA,
pilus (PILVS)
comate (CVMATE), (KVMATE), (KVMATES), crinal
Sale, SaLE, salo (SALV)
halt,
mano (MANV), manu (MAN8),
trati,
ans,
FILiK, VILiK (8ILiK)?
terra-ae
vulgus (volgus) -i,
nemus-oris
altus-a-um
tutor-ari, and tuto-are, to watch, guard,
caveo-ere, Welsh, rowndiau,
caveo, cavere,
Pluto; Gk.
, ádis
pilus-i, a single hair, a trifle; pilus-i, army div.
comatus-a-um; crinalis-e, of and for the hair
atrium-i, It. sala, hall; Fr. salle, hall
Stabit, halt, It., alt, halt!; Fr. halte, halt
manus-us
trado [transdo] -dere-didi -ditum
ansa-ae,
felix-icis, fruitful;
lasio (LASIV),
laesio-onis,
calos, (CALVS),
lepsi,
robaras (RV8ARAS), robris,(RV8RIS)
tris,
MeTH, (MeQ), metva (MET8A), metua, metin,
HAVSA,
HAVSA,
ha, he, hia, ho, hu (HV), hus, hos (HVS),
avil (AFIL), avils (AFILS), avilsae (AFILISAE),
ha, he, hia, ho, hu (HV), hus, hos (HVS),
callosus,
lepus-oris
rubor-oris,
tristis-e, sad,
meto-metere, messui, messum
el
illius, her; It. ella, her; Fr. elle, her
Caputis (CAPVTIS)
tet, teto (TETV),
caput-itis
tectum, roof;
caveo, cavere, cavi, cautum
habeo-ere (It. avere)
habeo-ere- It. avere
habeo-ere (It. avere)
paniem,
paean-anis; curo-are, to cure, heal
sains, sana, sani, sano, sans, sanvos, sanim,
sannus, healthy, sano-are,
paniem,
paean-anis; curo-are, to cure, heal
cerniie
cerniie
masa, masan, MaSaN, maso (MASV), masnial
CHOR (¯VR)
kor (KVR), kore (KVRE), core (CVRE)
tel, telos, telus (TELVS),
tapis?, kalem,
ECHTOR (E¯TVR)
acervo-are; Welsh, curnennu, to heap,
circus-i, ring, Irish, gcarn, heap; Fr. cerne, ring,
massa-ae, mass, lump; Gk. z , má a, mass,
cor, cordis
cor, cordis
tellus-oris, earth; tela-ae, a web in weaving
caelum-i, heaven; Finnish-Uralic, taivas
Hector (Gr.
, Éktoras, Hector)
13
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Heel, Talon
Helen of Troy
Underworld god, Erebus, Hell
Hello
Henna, in Sicily, Temple of Ceres?
Henna, in Sicily, Temple of Ceres?
Her, His, Its, One’s
Her, to Her?, Him, to Him,
Heram, Festival of Hera
Herb, Vegetation
Hercules
Here
Hermes, Gk. Messenger of the gods
Hermne, Name
Herself, Himself, Itself
Hide, to
Hideous, Foul,
Hilare, Name of Zagreb Mummy?
Him, to Him, to Her?
Him, to Him
Himself, Herself, Itself
Himself, Herself, Itself
Hinera, Name of ueen
Hip
Him, He, She, It
Himself, Herself, Itself
Himself, Herself, Itself
Himself, Herself, Itself, Oneself
Hip, Haunch
His, Her, Its, One’s
Hiss
Hither is, to This Place
Hoary, Grey, Pallid,
Hoe, to Weed
Hold, Possess
Holiday, Feast, Banquet,
Holy Place, Temple Grounds, Sacred
Holy Place, Temple Grounds, Sacred
Home, House, Domicile
Homeric?
Honey
Honor, to
Hook, Fishhook
Hope, Expectation,
Horn
Horse (See also Yoke)
Host, Hostile, Enemy, Sacrifice
House
Household Deities, Penates,
House, Home, Domicile
House, Hut
Household Gods, Specters, Fairies
How! Whatever Way!
However, Let Alone, But if, Without,
Hundred
Hundred
10-13
3-120
1-102
4-81
4-65
4-71
8-29
1-57
4-72
3-146
4-73
4-85
10-110
4-74
4-119
2-49
10-10
4-77
1-57
5-3
3-113
8-30
4-70
1-74
4-97
4-119
8-30
9-10
7-38
8-29
9-18
4-80
2-18
8-43
10-33
4-29
8-34
4-7
3-91
6-67
5-77
6-68
4-63
9-49
3-69
4-104
6-86
10-60
6-101
3-91
2-31
5-16
11-7
9-26
9-59
1-23
talos (TALOS)
Elinai, Elinei,
Arepes, deus (TEFS), deis (TEIS)
hos, hus (HVS), host, hust (HVSQ),
HANeRIN,
Henna, Henni,
sa,
al
Heram
erpis
Hercle, Herkle,
Ic, ik,
Turms (TVRMS)
Hermne,
it,
cela, CELeRIM, celi, celo (CELV), celto (CELTV)?
TAITeR,
Hilare,
al
lo (Lv),
eias, eim,
se, Se, sese, si,
HINeR, HINeRA, HINeRV,
anc, OXANII ( VÄANII)
il, is, el
it,
se, Se, sese, si,
talus-i
Helena-ae, (Gk.
, Eléni)
Erebus-i, Deus-i,
heus!, hallo!, hostia-ae, sacrifice stain
Henna-[Enna] -ae
Henna-[Enna]-ae
se or sese, It. suo, sua, Fr. sa
al, Romanian, al, Fr., a lui
Heraea-orum
herba-ae
Hercules-is
hic [and heic]; hice (Fr. ici)
Mercury
Hermes or Herma-ae, the god Hermes,
id, Acc. N. himself, herself, itself;
celo-are,
taeter-tra-tru,
hilaris, "cheerful, merry”
al, Romanian, al, Fr., a lui
ille, illa, illud; It., Fr. lui
ius, sing.; eis, iis pl. eum , eam
se or sese, acc. sing. and pl. sui, genit. sibi,
coxendix-icis, It. anca; Fr., hanche,
il, ille, is, eius, illius
id, Acc. N. himself, herself, itself;
se or sese, acc. sing. and pl. sui, genit. sibi,
sese,
se, sese
anc, OXANII ( VÄANII)
sa,
sib (SI8),
hoc (HVC),
Canua (CANFA), canva?
sar, sari, saris, saro (SARV), sarrom, sarroms
ten, tena, tene, tenin, teno, TENeR, tenara-as
fet,
SAKRA, SAKRE, SAKR-EO,-EU, fan, fana, fani,
fan, fana, fani, SAKRA, SAKRE, SAKR-EO,-EU
domo (DVMV)
omeric (VMERIC)
mele, meli, miele?,
onom (VNVM), onoman (ONOMAN), onor
ham?, Possibly name, Hampheris, Amphiaraüs?
spe, (spe tri), spi, spo (SPV), speso (SPESV),
cornas (CVRNAS),
iuce (IVCE), iuces, , iuci, iocu, ivcie,
ost (VST), oste (VSTE), osti (VSTI), ostis (VSTIS)
thomas or domas (QVMAS)
Panatam,
domo (DVMV)
Casa, CaSA, CaSa
lar, lare, lari, laris,
coxendix-icis, It. anca; Fr., hanche,
se or sese, It. suo, sua, Fr. sa
sibilo-are
huc
canus-a-um
sario [sario]-ire, -ui and-ivi,
teneo,tenere, tenui, tentum,
festus-a-um
fanum-i, temple, sanctus, holy, sacris, sacred
fanum-i, temple, sanctus, holy, sacris, sacred
domus-us
Homericus-a-um
mel, mellis:
honore-are; honos, honor-oris
hamus-i, a hook
sperare, to hope; spes-ei, hope, expectations,
cornu-us
equa-ae, mare, equus-i, equos ,ecus
hostis-is,
domus-us,
Penates-ium
domus-us
casa-ae
lar, laris, lares,
ut (VT)
ut, how
sin, sina, sine,
sto (STV)? cuetu (CFENTV)?
sto (STV)? satan, satane? cueto (CFENTV),
sin; but if ; sino, sinere, sivi, situm, let alone
Centum; Belarusian,
, sto, hundred
centum
14
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Hundred
Hungry, to Be Hungry
Hurry, Run, Rapid,
I
I
I Am, to Be, to Me
Iapyx, the Northwest Wind?
If Not, Unless
Ignorant, Not to Know
Ikarius, Disciple of Dionysus
Immerse, to Dip
In
In, into
In Respect of, At, From, Since, By
Incense
Indeed, Moreover,
Indeed, Truly, New
Indeed, Truly
Infantry, Warrior, Soldier
Infantry, Light-armed Troops,
Initiate, Take Possession
Inscribed, Write, Engrave, Text
Insignia, Sign, to Mark
Interest on Money, Debt
In This Way, So, Therefore, Thus,
Ion, Athenian Founder?
Ionians
Irascible
Ireneus? Name
Iron, to Strike
Iron, Copper, Bron e, Tin
Irrigate, to Water
Irrigate, Water, Wet
Insense
Isle, Island
Italy
Itanim, Name, Place, Likewise?
Jacket, Cassock, Coat,
Janus, Passage, Covered Passage,
Jason, Greek Hero of the Argonauts
Jepo, Jepie, Name?
Join, Tighten, Yoke, Series
Jove, Jupiter
Judge, to Judge to Order, Jupiter,
Judge, Witness, Arbitrator
Jump, to Dance, Turn
Jupiter, Jove,
Jupiter, to Order, to Judge
Key
Kidney, Wound
Kill, to Kill
Kill, to Murder
Kin, Clan, Tribe,
King, ueen, Royal
King, Realm
King, Rule, ueen, to Reign,
3-84
3-150
3-86
4-89
1-8
4-89
4-84
6-46
6-39
4-87
5-84
4-99
3-124
1-24
10-113
1-121
6-41
6-17
4-18
11-25
4-101
8-57
9-22
4-45
9-19
4-105
4-106
4-113
4-114
4-13
1-52
8-5
1-83
10-113
4-116
4-121
4-122
9-43
4-83
1-56
4-91
9-6
4-109
4-108
1-96
8-40
4-109
4-108
3-9
7-47
5-40
3-126
10-87
7-58
8-17
8-8
cueto (CFETV), STA, STAI
esuis (ESFIS),
Centum (Belarusian,
esurio-ire
kursan (KFRSAN),
curso-are
Iko, (IKV)
io, iu (IV), iko, iku (IKV),
io, iu (IV), iko, iku (IKV), MEK, ME¯,
Iapes, Iapos, Iapus (IAPVS)
Ego; Gk.
, Egó, I
ego
Ego; It. mecco, to me
Iapyx-pygis
nis,
nisi
NESCI
nescio-ire, not knowing,
, sto, hundred)
Ikra (IbOA),
merso (MERSV), mersos (MERSVS),
in,
en,
a
tos, tus (TVS), THvS (QvS), tus (TFS), tuse (TVSE),
at
NA, NIA; nov (NV8)
na,
feles
veli (8ELI), vels (8ELeS),
inik,
scriato, (SCRIATV)
sik, sikne,
foinesois,
sic, sik,
iom (IVM)?
Ionas, IVNAS), Ione, (IVNE), Ionio, (IVNIV)
irecer
Iriienio
feira
ais
riges (RibES), rigo (RIbV), ricu (RICF),
ap, apa, ape, apen, api; BeR (8eR), beros
tus (TVS), THvS (QvS), tus (TFS), tuse (TVSE),
isle,
Ithal, Itala, Itale,
Itanim,
sotanas (SVTANAS)
Ian, Ianos, Ianus (IANVS)
merso-are
in
in, in, into, etc.; en
a
tus (thus) turis, incense
at, ast, moreover; ac, atque, indeed
nai = ne [nae], novus-a-um, new
ne [nae], used before pronouns, indeed, truly;
veles-itis or velites,
veles-itis, pl. velites,
inicio-icere-ieci-iectum
scripo, scribere, It. scritta, inscription;
signo-are, to sign; signum-i, sign
foen / faenus (fenus (-oris)
sic, thus, in this way
Io, Ion-us
Iones-um,
irascor-i
Ireneus
ferio-ire, to strike, (It. Fiora River)
ferrum-i, iron, aes, aeris, copper
Aeitheon (AEITHVN),
rigo-are,
aqua-ae, Rom., apa, water; It., bere, drink
tus (thus) turis, incense
insula-ae, It. isola, Fr. île,
Italia-ae
Item, likewise
tunica-ae, jacket; It. sotana, cassock
ianus-i, Janus
Gk.,
onaV, Iásonas
Iepie, iepo, iepu (IEPV),
ser, SeRAN, SEReN, serev, seri, sero, serut
iuies (IVIES)
iuper (IVPER), ios, ius (IVS), iur (IVR)
arberture (AR8ERTVRE),
salt
iuies (IVIES)
iuper (IVPER), ios, ius (IVS), iur (IVR)
CHIAVE (¯IAFE), cle, clev (CLEF), cleva, cles
ran, rane, ranes, RANeS, rani, rano (RANV)
LeTh, leto (LETV), LeTV,
enac, enak, enek
trib (TRI8, tribo (TRI8V), triv, trib (TRI8),
roi (RVI), roial, (RVIAL), rois, roim, rena, rene, ReNI,
roi (RVI), roial (RVIAL), rois (RVIS), roim (RVIM),
rin, rina, rine, rines, rino, rinor, rinu (RINF), Roi, king
sero-serere, serui, sertum
Iuppiter, Iovis
iubeo, iubere, ius, iuris, law, iuro-are, swear
arbiter-tri,
salto-are, It. saltare, to jump, vault
Iuppiter, Iovis
iubeo, iubere, ius, iuris, law, iuro-are, swear
clavis-is, (It. chiave; Fr. clé or clef)
renes-um, kidneys; Rom. r ni, RAN , wound,
leto-are;
eneco (enico)-necar- necui- nectum
tribus-us
regina; queen; rex-regis, king; Fr. roi, king,
rex-regis, king, Fr. roi, king,
regina-ae, queen; rex, king; Fr. roi, king
15
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Kitchen
Knife, Sword,
Know, to Know
Koteb, Personal Name?
Lacerate, to Tear
Lady, Mistress(es),
Laes, Name?
Lais, Name?, Lament
Lamb, Leg of Lamb
Lamb, Ewe
Lament, to Bewail, to Ask
Lament, to Groan,
Lament, Lais, Name?,
Lamp, Light, Lighthouse-fire,
Land, public land
Land, Agrarian Land
Land, Earth
Larentia, most beautiful prostitute
Larissa, Place, Personal Name?
Larthi, Name?
Latch, Provoke,
Lately
Latin
Later, After, Then,
Latona, Mother of Apollo
Launch, to Throw
Laucilia, Name?
Laurel, Triumph, Victory
Law
Law, Right,
Lay Up, Reserve, Keep,
Lead, to Rule
Lead, to Rule
Leader, Commander, Head
Leader, Lord, Prince
Lean, to Strive
Leda, ueen Sparta, Helen’s Mother
Lees of Wine, Dregs,
Leg, Foot,
Leg of Lamb, Lamb,
Leg of Lamb
Legal , Lawsuit
Leisure, to Rest
Lemnos, Greek Island
Lerna, Mythical Entrance to Hades
Less, Little, Poor
Let Alone, But if, However, Without,
Let, to Allow, Milk
Level, Compare, Equali e
Lie, to lie, to Speak Falsely
Lie, to Be Situated
Life
Lift Up, to Raise,
Light
Light-armed Troops, Infantry
Light, Lighthouse-fire, Lamp
3-85
4-59
8-52
3-73
5-6
3-139
5-10
5-12
3-18
1-40
2-55
2-51
5-12
6-151
1-31
1-32
10-37
5-30
5-17
5-18
5-5
6-52
5-23
7-36
5-24
5-15
5-25
5-38
5-39
4-96
7-66
8-4
5-80
2-24
1-136
6-42
5-22
4-4
6-132
3-18
8-41
5-46
6-88
5-34
5-38
6-103
9-26
5-31
1-128
2-60
4-57
4-41
5-28
5-49
11-25
6-151
culan (CFLAN), culis (CFLIS), kulin, (KFLIN)
glatau, glatab (bLATA8),
sce, scinir, scis, skenem (SKENEM)
kotev, koteb (KVTE8), kotep (KVTEP),
LACeR,
eraia
Laes,
Lais,
kikoi, kikui, (KIKVI),
culina-ae
gladius-i
scio, scir, scivi, scli, scitu; sciens-entis,
acne, akne, aknem, AKNEV, akni, agnina
agnae-ae (f), agnus-i (m)
cere, ceren, ceres, ceres, ceri, ceris, raca, racar,
queror, queri, questo; Arm. ’rek’, inquire,
cem, cemo (CEMV)
gemo, gemere, gemui, gemitum
Lais,
pher ( ER), pheri ( ERI), pherie ( ERIE), pheris
AKARAI
aker, akro (AKRV), akrare, akrara
tera, teri, terim,
Leinth or Leinr (LEINO) S
Larisa,
Larthi, Larthia,
lachet,
noper, nuper (NVPER),
Latina,
puia (PFIA), puia (PVIA),
Lato, Leto (LaTV)?
lanso (LANSV),
Laucilia (LAVCILIA)
Ler, lere, leres, leri
les,
ifsi, iusi (IFSI)
Laius-i, father of Oedipus; It. lai, lamentations,
pharus-us-i, lighthouse (Gk.
, faros)
ager, agri, agrarius-ium, Nom. Pl. N. –ia
ager, agri, terra-ae
terra-ae
Larentia,
Larissa,
reseri,
reservo-are
Rik, rike, rikes,
mena, menas, mene, menes, menan, meniar,
Caputis (CAPVTIS)
avle, avles, aule, auli, (AFLI)
nics,
rigo-are
duco, ducere, duxi, It. menare, Fr. mener,
lacero-are
era-ae
Laius-i,
Laius-i, father of Oedipus; It. lai, lamentations,
crus agni, leg of lamb, (Fr. gigot, leg)
lacessonuper
Latinus-a-um;
diende; It. poi, Fr. puis, then,
Lato-us and Latona-ae,
lancea-ae, a light spear or lance
Lucilius-a-um name of a Roman gens.
laurus-i, the laurel; meten. triumph, victory
les, legis
ius, right, iuris, law
caput-itis
aule, lord; Toch. wäl, walo, prince
nixor-ari
Latfa (LATFA)
fais,
pes,
kikoi, kikui, (KIKVI),
sam,
lis,
ota (VTA), ote (VTE), otin (VTIN)
Lemnos (LEMNOS)
faex, faecis,
pes, pedis
crus agni, leg of lamb, (Fr. gigot, leg)
It. ampa, leg; Fr. jambe, leg,
lis, litis
otior-ari,
Lemnos [us]-i; Gk.
, Límnos
lerni,
parv (PARF), parvam (PAR8AM),
sin, sina, sine,
leis,?
aces
kes,
gis, (in CVCbIS)
fita, fiti, fithi, (FIQI)
leva (LEFA), leve (LEFE), leues, lefes (LEFES),
los (LVS), los (LOS), losa (LVSA), losan (LVSAN)
veli (8ELI), vels (8ELeS),
pher ( ER), pheri ( ERI), pherie ( ERIE), pheris
16
parvus-a-um; Fr. pauvre, It. povero, adj. poor
sin; but if ; sino, sinere, sivi, situm, let alone
licet, licere, lecuit or licitum, lac, lactis, milk,
acquo-are
mentior-iri ; Fr. gésir, to lie
iacio, iacere, iacui; It. giacere, to lie, be situated,
vita-ae
levo-are,
lux, lucis, light, luceo, to light
veles-itis, pl. velites,
pharus-us-i, lighthouse (Gk.
, faros)
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Light, Luminous, Radiance
Likewise
Likewise?, Itanim, Name, Place,
Lime Tree
Limit, Threshold, Door, Port, Gate
Limit, End
Limit, Bind, End
Limp, to
Linas, Name?
Linen, Flax, Line, Linear
Little Boy, Young Boy, Cherob
Little, Less, Poor
Lioness
Livelihood, Nourishment
Live, Life,
Liver
Location
Loins, Flank, Shank
Long For, to Desire,
Look, Aim, to See
Look at, to Regard
Loose, to Expiate
Loosen to Relax, Release
Loosen, to Relax, Widen
Lord, Leader, Prince
Lord?, Eros, Cherub- God of Love,
Lotoi, Name?
Love, to Love, Friend
Love, to Love, Friend
Loyal
Lucky, Fruitful, HappyLuminous, Light, Radiance
Lycia?
Magistrate, uestor,
Magnificent, Great, Majestic
Make Level, Equali e
Make, to Do
Make, to Create,
Makes, He Makes,
Male, Related by Males, Agnatio
Man, Mankind
Man, Manly, Virile , Male
Man, Great,
Mandate, to Order, Say
Manly, Virile, Man,
Mare, Horse
Mark, to Sign
Mark, to Sign
Mars
Marsi, Ancient People of Latium
Martyr, Witness
Mass, Heap
Mast, Pole, Fear
Matuma, Maduma, Name?
Matter, Thing
May, Mia, Mother of Mercury
10-89
3-95
4-122
10--65
5-43
10-38
4-38
3-40
5-45
5-35
7-6
6-103
5-29
11-39
4-41
4-33
5-48
5-54
1-131
11-45
10-47
5-51
8-6
5-9
1-136
3-145
5-50
1-69
1-69
5-41
4-36
10-89
5-42
2-64
5-74
1-28
4-1
3-75
11-9
1-39
11-44
11-44
6-134
5-62
11-44
3-96
5-66
9-22
5-67
5-69
5-70
5-71
10-32
5-73
7-53
6-2
Triivper or Tri IVPER,
EAT
Itanim,
iubar-aris, beaming light,
eadem
Item, likewise
tiglo (TIbLV),
tilia-ae; It. tigilo, lime,
liman,
TERMeNES,
limen-inis,
termino-are; terminus-i, boundary;
fin,
finio-ire
CLOCE (CLVCE), CLVCeR , CLVCERRAS
Linas, Linii,
lena, leni, lenia, lenies,
polesi (PVLESI), polem (PVLEM)
parv (PARF), parvam (PAR8AM),
lei, leia, leiem, lena?
vikito (8IKITV),
fita, fiti, fithi, (FIQI)
fiaul (FIAFL)
lokes (LOKES), loci (LVCI)
luns (LVNS),
av (A8), avim (A8IM)?
vis (8IS), vises (8ISES), visio (8ISIV),
tua, (TFA), tue, (TFE), tus (TFS)?, turi (TVRI),
lua, lui, luis, luit (LFIT), lur, LURS (LVRvS), lus (LFS)
RILiS,
LaKA,
avle, avles, aule, auli, (AFLI)
Eros (ERVS), ERoS (ERvS)
claudico-are (Fr. clocher, to limp, hobble)
Linas, gens.
linum-i flax, linen
puellus-i, a little boy
parvus-a-um; Fr. pauvre, It. povero, adj. poor
lea-ae and laena,
victus-us, livlihood
vita-ae
iecur, (Fr. foie)
locus-i
lumbus, loins; It. lon a, loins
aveo-are,
visio, visere- look, visio-onis, seeing, Fr. viser
tueor [or tuor] tueri, tutus, and tueo-ere,
luo, luere, lui,luiturus, to expiate
relaxo-are
laxo-are;
aule, lord; Toch. wäl, walo, prince
Eros, Cupid, erus-i, master, lord
Lotuoi,
ama, AMaPa AMaPEN, amar, ame, amem,
(continued) amo (AMV), ami, amie, AIMeR,
lial,
FILiK, VILiK (8ILiK)?
Tri IVPER,
amo-are, to love;amicus, amica, friend
amo-are, to love;amicus, amica, friend
fidelis, fidus, It. leale, loyal
felix-icis, fruitful;
iubar-aris, beaming light,
Licei
cestor (CESTVR),
maximas(maÄ imas),
aces
fac, faca, facbo (FAC8V), fai, fak, FAKeR,
cra, cre, cri, kra, kre, kri,
fa (FA)
Acnas
omne (VMNE)
vir (8IR), vira (8IRA), viri (8IRI), virin (8IRIN),
pesnim, pesnimu, (PESNIMV)
MANTeR,
vir (8IR), vira (8IRA), viri (8IRI), virin (8IRIN),
eca, ece, eke? eko
marca,
sik, sikne,
Maris, Marti, Marties
quaestor-oris,
maximus-a-um,
acquo-are, to make level,
facio, facere, feci, factum, faciebam,
creo-are
facio-facere-; It. lui fa, he makes
agnatio-onis;
homo-inis, human being, man
vir, viri, a man
Hitttite pesnas, pesan, pesn. psen, man, verility
mando-are;
vir, viri, a man
equa-ae; equus-i (ecus, old form);Hittite, eku,
marcus-i
signo-are, to sign; signum-i, sign
Mars, Martis, martius-a-um, adj. from Mars
Marsi,
Marsi-orum;
Marten, martir,
masa, masan, MaSaN, maso (MASV), masnial
Tema, TeMIA, or Te MIA
mathuma, mathoma (MAQVMA)
re, rei,
Mia
testor-ari, to bear witness, It. martire, martyr
massa-ae, mass, lump; Gk. z , má a, mass,
temo-onis,
17
res, rei; Belarusian,
Maia-ae, Maius-a-um
, re , thing,
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Me and Mine
Meal, Flour, Grain, Cereal
Mean, goddess like Artemis
Medea, Wife of Jason
Medusa, Gk. Sorceress, Jason’s Wife
Meleager, Prince, Calydonian Hunt
Menace, Threaten
Menelaos, Helen of Troy’s Husband
Merit, to Deserve
Metal , Iron, Brass, Bron e, Copper,
Midas, King of Phrygia
Milk, Let, to Allow,
Milk, Whey, Serum
Milo, name?, Thousand
Mimni, name?
Mind, Understanding
Mind, Heart,
Mine, Me
Minerva, goddess of Wisdom, War
Minimal
Mischievous, Evil-Doing
Mistaken, Fault, Deceive, to be
Mistress, Concubine, Lady
Mistress(es), Lady, Era
Mix, to Stir
Moan, Bejeweled
Moat, Pool, Pit,
Moderate, Undermine,
Modena,
Moderate, Weaken, Undermine,
Moisten, to Dew,
Month, Moon,
Moon, Month
Moreover, Indeed
Morn’g, Sunrise, Dawn, Aurora, East
Morpheus, god of Dreams
Mother
Mother-in-Law
Mound, Pile (See Tumulus)
Mourn, to Weep,
Mouth or Bone
Move, Set in Motion, Change
Move, to Set in Motion
Move, to Call by Name
Mud
Murder, Kill, to
Muse, Music, goddess of Music
Music, Muse, goddess of Music
Mutina-ae, Gaelic town, Modena
My
Myself
Myself, Self
Nail
Name
Named, am Named
Naper, name of ueen
6-1
4-8
5-76
1-55
5-87
5-78
6-6
5-81
5-83
1-52
6-3
5-31
9-8
6-4
6-5
5-82
3-15
6-1
5-61
6-7
5-58
4-5
6-165
3-139
6-10
2-13
11-51
9-65
6-16
9-65
8-13
5-53
5-53
1-121
6-77
6-14
5-59
9-36
7-5
6-81
6-8
1-30
3-10
5-55
3-126
6-15
6-15
6-16
6-1
5-79
4-110
3-41
6-50
3-39
6-26
mi, me, mia, mek
far,
Mean
me, meus-a-um; It. mecco, with me
far, farris,
Aiten
Aetine-es; Gk. M d a, Mídeia
Metus, Metos (METVS)
Meliapher (MELIAØR)
minas, minis
MENLe,
mer, meres, meri, merio, meritan, merito
ais,
Midai
leis,?
serom (SERVM),
Milas, MiLER
mimni
mens,
CHOR (¯VR)
mi, me, mia, mek
MANeRIFA
minimo
malafais (MALAFAIS),
fal, fale, falia,
pileka,
Gk. €
•‚ , Médousa
Gk. Meleager,
minor-ari; minax-acis,
Gk. €ƒ
, Menelaos
mereo-ere- ui-itum; meritus-a-um,
aes, aeris
licet, licere, lecuit or licitum, lac, lactis, milk,
serum-i, whey lac-lactis, milk
Mille, milia, millensimus-a-um
mens, mentis,
cor, cordis
me, meus-a-um; It. mecco, with me
Minerva-ae
minimus
maleficus-a-um; adv. malefice
fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsum
paelex [peliex] -icis
eraia
era-ae
mola (MVLA), mole, molo, MVLeS
Kamito (KAMITV)
voso (8VSV),
subra (SV8RA),
Motinum, (MVTINVM),
subra (SV8RA),
ro, ru (RV), ror, rur (RVR), roras, ruras (RVRAS)
lune (LVNE),
lune (LVNE),
at
OROAS (VRVAS),
Morfe (MVRFE)
Mamu or mami (MAMY), Mater, Matra, Matro8
socri, sucri (SVCRI)
misceo-miscere,- (It. molare, to grind)
gemmatus-a-um; gemitus-us, a sigh
fossa-ae, pit,
subruo-ruere-ruui-rutum, undermine
subruo-ruere-ruui-rutum, undermine
roro-are,
luna-ae, moon,
luna-ae, moon,
at, ast, moreover; ac, atque, indeed
aurora-ae, sunrise, dawn; Oriens, east
Morpheus-eos,
mater, matris, mother, mamma-ae, breast
socrus-us; Rom. socri, mother & father-in-law
plio (PLIV),
os (VS), osa (OSA)
mo (MV), motin (MVTIN)
aKaPa, akim,
CHIEM (¯IEM)
pluo, pluere, weep
os, oris, mouth; os, ossis, bone
moveo, movere, movi, motum, muto-are
ago-agere
cieo, ciere, cieam,
Luta, (LVTA), luto, (LVTV)
lutumi
enac, enak, enek
Musei (MVSEI)
Musei (MVSEI)
Mutunum (MVTINVM)
mi, me, mek
mem,
ips,
cloue, clobe, clove (CLV8E)
nomem (NUMEM)
clu (CLF), clo (CLV), kla (KLA) kle (KLE) klo, (KLV)
NAPER
eneco (enico)-necar- necui- nectum
Musa-ae, musica-ae, music
Musa-ae, musica-ae, music
Mutina-ae
meae, mei, mei, It. mecco, with me,
meam (f.) meum, for myself; Fr. moi même,
ipse-a-um,
clavus-i, (Fr. clou, nail)
nomem-inis
clueo-ire
18
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Narrate, to Make Known, Say
Nasia, name
Nation, Race, Name of Etruscans
Nature, Birth,
Navigate, to Sail, Carry
Near, Proper
Neck, Column
Nefarious, Unholy, Evil
Neip, unknown word
Nephew, Grandson
Net
Netherworld, Erebus, Underworld
New, Truly, Indeed,
Next, Forward,
Night
Nike, goddess of Victory
Nile River?
Nine
No, Not, Nothing
No, Say No Deny,
Nobnes, Name?
Noise, to Make a Noise, Drunk?
Nor
Noropa, Name?
Norpener, Name?
Northern
Nose
Not, Nothing
Not Even, Not Either, Neither
Nothing
Nourishing
Nourishment, Livelihood,
Novnes, Name?
Nun, Egyptian god of fertility,
Oak, Hardwood
Oath, to Swear an Oath
Oath, to Take an Oath, Vow
Oath, to Take an Oath, Conspire
Ochsiem, name Oxiem or Oscans?
Odor, Oil, Olive
Of, Out of, by, After, From,
Offspring, Fetus, Bringing Forth
Often, Curtain, Hedge In
Oh! Interjection
Oil, Olive, Odor
Old, Elder, Council of Elders, Senate,
Older, Behind, Back
Olive, Oil, Odor
Omen?, Bird , Eternity,
Omen
One
One, Number One
One’s, Her, His, Its,
Oph, goddess of Abundance?
Or, Whether
Oracle, Prophesy, to Prophesy,
6-29
6-30
7-50
6-32
4-11
7-31
3-54
6-27
6-35
6-36
7-69
1-102
6-41
7-17
6-49
6-43
6-44
1-21
6-18
6-34
6-48
3-77
6-19
6-54
6-55
1-35
6-38
6-18
6-24
6-45
1-62
11-39
6-48
6-51
8-14
4-115
11-53
3-60
6-60
6-65
1-25
4-30
9-28
1-49
6-65
9-1
7-21
6-65
1-129
6-66
11-3
1-11
8-29
6-72
1-72
6-59
NAR, NARA, RAK, RAKaR
NASIA
Ras, Rasiia (RASIIA), Rasna, Rasne,
natur (NATVR)
FE,
prope (PRVPE),
cole (CVLE), kolem (KVLEM), KOLeN (KVLeN),
naph, naphar, (NA AR)
neip,
nepos, NEPVS
ret,
Arepes, deus (TEFS), deis (TEIS)
NA, NIA; nov (NV8)
por (PVR),
nocis (NVCIS),
Nike
Nilu (NILF),
no?, (NV), niv (NIF), nia?
ne, ni, non (NVN)
narro-are,
natus-a-um, born
genus-eris, race; It. ra a, race, Fr. race, race,
nature-ae,
veho, vehere, vexi, vectum; ve,
prope, propius, proxime, proprius-a-um
collum-i (It. colonna, column)
nefas, unholy,
Neapolis-polis?, modern Naples
nepos-otis
rete-is, net
Erebus-i, Deus-i,
nai = ne [nae], novus-a-um, new
pro, prosus, prosum, forward
nox-noctis, night
nekas, nekie, neir,
nego-are; Fr. neir, deny
Nobnes, Novnes (NV8NES)
incrap, or crap
ne
Noropa (NOROPA)
Norpener, (NVRPENER),
acilone (ACILVNE)
NES
ne, ni, non (NVN)
namin? naminer?
niol, niul (NIVL),
ale, ALeR, alme
vikito (8IKITV),
Nobnes, Novnes (NV8NES)
Non, Nun (NVN)
robaras (RV8ARAS), robris,(RV8RIS)
iro, iru (IRV),
voto (8VTV), vov (8V8),
cona (CVNA), Kona (KVNA), conoeri (CVNVERI)
ochsiem (VCHSIEM),
ola (VLA), oles (VLES), olie (VLIE), olo (VLV)
ap?,
fetra, feture, fetos, fetus, foato (FOATO)
sip, sipa, sipo (SIPO)
ai,
ola (VLA), oles (VLES), olie (VLIE), olo (VLV)
SeNATA, SeNATE, SeNATES, SeNIMO
post (PVST), poste, posti, poster (PVSTER)
ola (VLA), oles (VLES), olie (VLIE), olo (VLV)
avis (AFIS),
omen (VMEN)
un,(VN), uno, une, unas, unias, unem, unum,
un, on (vn);
sa,
Oph (V )
an
oce (VCE), ocev, oceb (VCE8), ocem (VCEM), etc.
19
novem
non, no, nec, neque, not
increpo-are, make noise, crapula-ae, drunk
ne, neque
aquilonius-a-um
nasus-i
non, no, nec, neque, not
neque,
nihil, nil
alo, alere, alui,>, almus-a-um,
victus-us, livlihood
rubor-oris,
iruo-are
voveo, vovere, vovi, votum, to vow
coniuro-are
Osci-orum
oleo-ere, to emit an odor, oleum-i, oil,
apud, at, ex, from, a, ab, abs, away from,
fetura-ae, fetus-us,
saepe, often; saepio, saepire- to hedge in
ai, oh!
oleum-i, oil,
senatus-us [or-i]
post [older poste], postea, posterus [poster]oleum-i, oil,
aevum-in, and aevus-i, time;
omen-inis
unnus-a-um, unius, uni, one only one, una>
unnus-a-um
se or sese, It. suo, sua, Fr. sa
an, conj., or, Gk.
auguror-ari
, an, ean, whether
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Oration, Harangue
Ordain, to Order
Order, to Mandate, to Say
Order, to Order, Jupiter, to Judge
Orestes, Son of Agamemnon
Orthea, Aethra, Mother of Theseus?
Orvieto?, Town
Ossa, Mt. Ossa?
Osia, Port Near Rome
Ostentatious, Show, to Flaunt
Other
Our
Our
Out of, of, by, After, From,
Out of, From,
Owe, to
Owl, Raven, Bird of Auguries,
Owe, to, Debt
Ox, Cow, Bull
Pacify
Paint, Picture
Pale , to Fade,
Palas (Pallas Athena?)
Pallid, Hoary, Grey,
Pan
Pania, Region of Pania
Panic, Fear, god of Fear
Papa, Father
Paphos, Cypriote City?
Parade, Pomperias, Name, Pomp
Parca, goddess of Fate
Part, to Divide
Parthia
Pass, to Go Over
Pass, You Pass
Passage Money, Fare, Ticket
Passage, Covered Passage, Janus
Pasture, to Gra e, Feed
Path , Way, Road,
Patron, Guardian, Petronia
Pay, Give,
Peace, uiet, Tranquility
Peak, Top
Peasant, Country,
Pebble, Stone, Rock,
Pellet, ball, Swelling
Peleus, Greek Hero
Penaria, Name?, Provisions?
Penates, Household Deities
Penia, Name of Warrior
Peneis, Region of S. E. Europe
People, Folk,
People, Rural,
People, Troop, Gang, Group, Crowd,
Perae
Perish, to Die,
5-21
5-27
5-62
4-108
6-74
6-79
6-80
6-85
6-83
6-87
1-63
1-9
6-56
1-25
3-92
3-87
6-82
10-23
1-150
6-93
6-168
9-58
9-58
2-18
6-97
6-99
6-156
1-139
6-95
7-11
6-104
6-107
6-106
6-108
5-85
6-21
4-83
6-110
11-37
6-141
6-12
6-109
3-22
8-25
8-15
6-63
6-116
6-118
6-101
6-121
6-119
7-16
8-24
4-46
6-126
6-71
lasio (LASIV),
laesio-onis,
lecin,
MANTeR,
iuper (IVPER), ios, ius (IVS), iur (IVR)
Oreste (VReSTE), Orosthe (VRVSQE)
Orthea (VR„EA)
Orveta (VR8ETA),
lego-are
mando-are;
iubeo, iubere, ius, iuris, law, iuro-are, swear
Orestes-ae and -is
Orveta (VR8ETA),
Orvieto, Etruscan town north of Lake Bolsena
Oso (VSV)
Osaie (VSAIE)
ostento (VSTENTV)
alis
nos (NVS)
nos (NVS)
ap?,
e, ecs, eks?
DeBiR
osca (VSCA), osce (VSCE), oscn (VSCN), (OSINAS),
teb (TE8), tebe (TE8E), tebra, tevre (TE8RE), tevre
Bov, bob (8V8),
pak or pakste
pinca, pincim,
stinto (STINTV),
palas,
Canua (CANFA), canva?
Pan
Paniem,
Phobia ( V8IA),
baba (BABA), BaBA
Pafos (PAFOS)
Pomperias (PVMPERIAS),
Parkes
parto (PARTV)
Parthiam (PARQIAM)
pasar,
mes
nal
Ian, Ianos, Ianus (IANVS)
pastos (PASTOS)
via (8IA), or viato (8IATV), vias (8IAS)
Petronia (PETRVNIA),
moni (MVNI), monis, mono
pasia,
cim, kim, kimi,
ros, rus (RVS), rusa (RFSA), RUSTA (RVSTA),
rok (RVK), roca, roce, roco (RVCV), roco (RVCV)
ofe (VFE)
Pele, Pelion (PELIVN),
Penaria (PENaRIA),
Panatam,
Penia
PENEIS
popla (POPvLA), popolo, popolom (PVPvLVM),
ror (RVR), roras (RVRAS), roros, rurus (RVRVS)
fol, ful (FVL),
Perae, Peraem, Periai,
opeto (VPETV)
20
Ostia
ostendo-tendere, to show
alis, alid, old form of alius -a- aliud
nos
nos
apud, at, ex, from, a, ab, abs, away from,
e, ex
debeo -ere
oscen-inis,
debeo -ere
bos, bovis, ox, vacca-ae, cow
pacare, to pacify
pingo, pingere, pinxi, pictum
palleo-ere, to be pale; It. stinto, adj. faded
Pallas-adis and ado
canus-a-um
Pan, Panes
Pania, region near Chiuso
pavor-oris, dread (Gk. …† , phobos, fear)
Arm. ‡ˆ‡‰, papy, grandfather, Engl. papa
pompa-ae, a solemn procession,
parca-ae
partio-ire
Parthi-orum
passus, pp. of pandere, (It. passare)
meo, meare; 2nd pers. pres. mes,
naulum-i
ianus-i, Janus
pastus-us, food, pasture
via-ae, way
Patronius-i, name, patronus-i, protector
munero-are and muneror-ari;
pax, pacis,
culme , apex; It. cima, Fr. cime,
rus, ruris, rusticus-a-um, country, rural,
silex-icis, It., rocca, rock; roccia, fortress,
offa-ae,
penarius-a-um, provisons
Penates-ium
populus-i,
ruro-are, and rurer-ari,
vulgus (volgus) -i,
Perae
oppeto-ere, to die, obitus-us, death
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Perish, to Die,
Persephone
Perseus, Greek King
Person
Personify, to
Persnipmus, Name?, Personification
Pesnim, Pes Nim, Very Great?
Pesto, Sauce
Pesuntrum, Name?
Petition
PH, Person’s Initials? 500?
Pha, goddess?
Pharsalis, Town in Thessaly
Phesnes, Fescennia
Pho, a goddess of Light
Phobia, Fear, Panic
Phoebe
Phoebus, Apollo the sun god
Phthiotis
Pickax, Axe
Piety, Give,
Piphas, name? Phthia, Achaean City
Pink, Rose, Red
Pisa. town
Pit, Pool, Moat
Pious, Devout
Piviato
Place, to Put
Place, Likewise?, Itanim, Name,
Plaster, Ground, Earth,
Play/ Sing/ w/ Stringed Instrument
Plead, Give as a Reason
Please, be Agreeable
Plenty, Copia
Plow, to, a Plow
Plow, to
Pluck, Valeri, Name,
Plunder, to Rape, Rob
Pluto, Dis, god of the Underworld
Poem, Epic Poem
Pole, Mast, Fear
Polemic, Army, Battle, War,
Polish, to Smooth
Pollux
Pomperias, Name, Parade, Pomp
Pompeius
Pontus, Bridge
Pool, Pit, Moat
Poor, Little, Less,
Pork, Sulla, Name, Swine,
Port, Door, Threshold, Limit, Gate
Possess, to Hold,
Possession, to Take, Initiate,
Possible, Able,
Pot, Container, Vessel
Power, Abundance, Wealth
6-127
6-153
6-152
6-130
6-130
6-129
6-134
6-135
6-136
6-137
6-145
6-146
10-52
6-154
6-155
6-156
6-147
6-148
6-161
6-164
6-172
6-169
8-22
6-171
11-51
6-162
6-173
7-12
4-122
10-37
7-35
3-72
7-1
3-64
3-149
1-95
11-24
7-48
10-75
3-135
10-32
1-142
5-44
7-9
7-11
7-10
7-14
11-51
6-103
9-67
5-43
10-33
4-101
7-19
11-18
6-70
pera, peri, periai, perion,PERIReN, pero, perum
Phersipnei ( ERSIPNEI),
pereo-ire-li-ivi-itum; to vanish, perish;
Proserpina
Pherse ( ERSE)
person, person (PERSVN),
Persnimo (PERSNIMV), persniphmv (PERSNI MV
Persnimo, persniphmv (PERSNI MV),
Pesnim, pesnimu
pesto (PESTV),
Pesuntrum (PESVNTRVM)
pet, pet na, or PETNA, petes,
Ph ( )
Pha,
PHARSLIS ( ARSLIS)
Phesnes ( ESNES),
Pho ( V),
Phobia ( V8IA),
Phabe, Phabia, Phabas,
Phabas, Phabeto (PHABETV),
Phto ( TV), Phtab ( TA8),
pikun (PIKVN)
pite, piti,
piphas (PI AS),
roph, ruph (RV ), rose, ruse (RVSE), rufas
Pisi,
voso (8VSV),
pi, pia, piata, pite, piti,
persona-ae, mask, personarum fictio,
personarum
personarum fictio, personification
pes, pedis. nimius-a-um, very great
It. past, paste, pesto, Genoese sauce;
peto-ere -ivi -and itum
), Gk. Sign for 500
Pharsalus-(os)-i
Fescennia-ae
Š , phos, light
pavor-oris, dread (Gk. …† , Phobos)
Phoebe-is,
Phoebus-i, Phoebas-adis a priestess,
dolabra, pickax, ax (It. piccone, pickax,)
dare, donare, to give, (Baltic, padatun)
Phthia, chief city of Achaea?
rufus-a-um, red, rudy; rosa-ae, a rose; roseusfossa-ae, pit,
pius-a-um, piety, pietas-atis,
piviato (PI8IATV)
It. piva, bagpipe
pone (PVNE), pones (PVNES), poni (PVNI)
Itanim,
tera, teri, terim, terra-ae
pseile, psein,
cose coso (CVSV), cosor (CVSVR), cosos
plak,
kope (KVPE), kopi (KVPI), kopis (KVPIS), (CVPVS)
esari
ar, ara, arai, aras, ari, aro (ARV), aros (ARVS),
VeLER, Velere, VeLERE, VeLEREI, VeLERES,VeLERI,
rapa, RAPiN, RAPiNES,
Tis, Tisim,
epos (EPVS)
Tema, TeMIA, or Te MIA
BeLE, BeLeM, PVLVMiK, armi, armai, armai,
limo (LIMV),
Poltucei (PVLTVCEI)
Pomperias (PVMPERIAS),
pono, ponere, posui, positum [postum], to put,
Item, likewise
terra-ae
psallo-psalleere
causor-ari
placeo-ere-ui and Itus, um, itum
copia-ae, plenty
exaro-are
aro-are,
vello, vellere- to pull, pluck
raptum-i, plunder; rapere, to rush off,
Dis, Ditis, dis, ditis
Epos (Gk. ‹ , épos, epic)
temo-onis,
bello-are, arma-orum;
limo-are
Gk. Œ • ƒ• , PoludeúkŽs
pompa-ae, a solemn procession,
Pompeius or Pompeius- a-um, Roman gens
Pontus-i, pons, pontis, bridge
fossa-ae, pit,
parvus-a-um; Fr. pauvre, It. povero, adj. poor
sullus-a-um, a swine; Sulla, Roman,
limen-inis,
teneo,tenere, tenui, tentum,
inicio-icere-ieci-iectum
possum, posse, potui, to be able,
vas, vasis, a utensil; It. vaso, pot, vessel
Ops-Opis, opem, opis, ope,
Pompoi (PVMPVI),
pontis (PVNTIS),
voso (8VSV),
parv (PARF), parvam (PAR8AM),
sula, (SFLA),
liman,
ten, tena, tene, tenin, teno, TENeR, tenara-as
inik,
pos (PVS), posa (PVSA), pose (PVSE),
vas (8AS), vasei (8ASEI), vasi, (8ASI)
op (VP)
21
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Praise, Glory, Fame
Pray, Beg
Preale, pre ale?, before River Alia?
Preface, to Preface
Pregnant, Full, Complete,
Pregnant, to Satisfy , Fill, Fill Again,
Present, Ready
Press, to Press, Wine Press
Pretend, Cauise, Give as a Reason
Previous, Before, in Front, Former
Priest
Priest, Priests?
Prince, Leader, Lord,
Prison, Cell
Procession, Cortege, Pomp
Prophesy, Call, Summon,
Prophesy, to, Prophesy
Prophesy, to Prophesy, Oracle
Prophet, Sage, Wise,
Propitiate, to Expiate
Prose
Protect, Watch, to Guard
Provisions?, Penaria, Name?,
Provoke, to Latch
Pry, to Examine
Public Lands
Pull, to Draw,
Pull, to Drag
Pulp, Flesh
Punic, Carthagenians, Purple
Punish, to
Puppy, Catulus, Name?, Small Dish?
Purify, to Clean,
Purple, Punic, Carthagenians,
Put, Place
Put Together, Arrange
Pyre, Fire
uarrel, to Dispute
ueen, to Rule, Reign, King
King, ueen, Royal
uestor, Magistrate
uick
uiet, to be Silent
uote, To Cite, Summon
Rabbit, Hare?
Rabid, Rage, Fury,
Race, Tribe, Kin
Race, Nation, Name of Etruscans
Race, Seed, Semen, Stock,
Racun, Etruscan Divinity
Radiance, Light, Luminous,
Rage, Fury, Rabid
Raise, to Lift Up
Rally, to Rally
Rameras, Name?
Rapid, Run, Hurry
5-13
7-26
7-25
7-27
7-4
7-64
7-29
7-28
3-72
7-24
7-15
1-85
1-136
2-30
3-70
1-27
1-27
6-59
8-35
6-124
7-33
10-118
6-118
5-5
8-7
1-31
10-72
10-81
7-8
7-13
6-120
2-37
6-40
7-13
7-12
9-61
6-170
8-11
8-8
7-58
2-64
2-49
10-22
3-29
5-37
8-50
4-53
7-50
8-64
7-42
10-89
8-50
5-28
7-44
7-46
3-86
lauo (LAFV), laues (LAFES), LAVS, lavan , lautin
prec, prek, prece, precer, PRII?
PRE ALE,
prephto (PRE TO),
laudo-are, laus, laudis, praise, fame,
precor-ari, to beg, priere, supplication
Alia-ae, river in Latium,
praefor-iari, fatus
plenas,
plenus-a-um
replio (REPLIO)
presta,
repleo-plere-, repletus-a-; to fill again, satisfy
praesto, adv.; praesto-stare-stiti-
presse (PReSSE),
presso-are, to press;
cose (CVSE), coso (CVSV), cosor (CVSVR), cosos
pre,
pop (PVP)
causor-ari
prae, adv. pro, prep.
popa-ae, minor priest,
sacerdos, It. abate, priest, Fr. abbé, priest
aule, lord; Toch. wäl, walo, prince
carcer-eris
pompa-ae; procession, currus-us It. corteo,
cci -i re -ivi -itum
apa
avle, avles, aule, auli, (AFLI)
carsi
cortus (CVRTVS), POMPOI (PVMPVI),
c , ce, ci, cis,
ACeR, acern
oce (VCE), ocev, oceb (VCE8), ocem (VCEM), etc.
sage (SAbE), sagi (SAbI), saih,
peori, Script (PEVRI)
pros (PRVS), prose (PRVSE)
tutin (TVTIN), tuto (TVTO), tuto (TVTV)
Penaria (PENaRIA),
lachet,
rimat,
AKARAI,
tir, tiri
tra, tras, tram, traks, trav (TRAV), tro, trom
pulpe (PVLPE)
ponig (PVNIb),
penes
KATeLE, KATeLES, KATeLO (KATeLV),
neti, por (PVR), pora (PVRA), pore (PVRE), etc
ponig (PVNIb),
pone (PVNE), pones (PVNES), poni (PVNI)
strogla, strophgla, (STRV bLA, strophglas
pir, pire, piri,
riseras,
rin, rina, rine, rines, rino, rinor, rinu (RINF), Roi, king
roi (RVI), roial, (RVIAL), rois, roim, rena, rene, ReNI,
cestor (CESTVR),
cela, CELeRIM, celi, celo (CELV),
tas, tasi,
citi, cito (CITV), citho (CIQV)
lepsi,
savo (SABV)
gerve,(bER8E), gerviie (bER8IIE), gers (bERS),
Ras, Rasiia (RASIIA), Rasna, Rasne,
semenies
Racun (RACVN),
Triivper or Tri IVPER,
savo (SABV)
leva (LEFA), leve (LEFE), leues, lefes (LEFES),
Ral, Ralia, Ralisa,
RAMeRAS,
kursan (KFRSAN),
auguro-are, prophesy, to wish
auguror-ari
sagax-acis, keen, saga-ae, a prohetess,
pio-are
prosa, oratio, straightforward discorse
tutor-ari, and tuto-are, to watch, guard,
penarius-a-um, provisons
lacessorimore-ari,
agrarius-ium,
traho-here-xi –ctum; It. tirare, Fr. tirer,
traho, trahere, traxi, tractum,
pulpa-ae, flesh, pulp,
puniceus-a-um,
penes, with acc., peonio, punio and punior-iri,
catulus-i, puppy, catillus-i, a small dish
purgo-are, to clean,
puniceus-a-um,
pono, ponere, posui, positum [postum],
struo, struere- to put together; Gk. Strophe?
pyra-ae,
rixor-ari,
regina-ae, queen; rex, king; Fr. roi, king
regina; queen; rex-regis, king; Fr. roi, king,
quaestor-oris,
celer-eris, swift
taceo-ere-itum, to be quiet
cito-are
lepus-oris
saevio-ire, to be furious
gens, gentis, genus -eris,
genus-eris, race; It. ra a, race, Fr. race, race,
semen-inis
odium, rancor, Fr. rancune, spite, grudge
iubar-aris, beaming light,
saevio-ire, to be furious
levo-are,
Fr. rallier, to rally
curso-are
22
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Rare, Seldom
Rape, to Plunder, Rob,
Rasna, name of Etruscans, Race
Ratify, to Think
Raven, Bird of Auguries, Owl
Ravish, to Abduct, Take, Seize
Ready, Present
Realm, Queen, Reign
Reap, to Harvest
Reap , Arrow, Crop,
Reason, Cause, Pretend,
Reason, Give as a Reason, Plead,
Reason, Give as a Reason, Plead
Rebel, Revolt,
Reborn, to be Born Again
Red, Rose, Pink
Recia, Name?
Refer, to Refer
Refuse , to Deny, Renew, Swim Back
Refuse, to Deny
Regard , to Look at,
Regard, to Watch Over
Reign , Realm, Queen,
Reject, Throw Back, Behind
Relate, Speak, to Tell, Boundary
Relax, to Loosen, Release
Release, Loosen, to Relax,
Relax, Loosen, to Widen
Remain, to Stay
Remove, to Take
Renew, Refuse , to Deny, Swim Back
Reserve, Keep, Lay Up
Resin
Rest , Leisure,
Rest, to Make a Stand, Survive
Retain, to Carry, Bring
Retaliation, Tame
Reveal, Unlock, Unbolt, Disclose
Revolt, to
Revolt, to Rebel
Rhea, mother goddess
Rich, Wealthy
Right, Law
Ring, to Tinkle
Rise, Arising, Breaking Forth,
Rite
River
River Bank, Shore
Road, Path , Way,
Road, Way, Street, Path
Rob, to Rape, to Plunder
Rock, Fortress
Rock, Stone
Rock, Stone, Pebble
Rome
Ronai, Woman’s Name
7-49
7-48
7-50
7-51
6-82
7-52
7-29
8-8
5-86
8-60
3-72
3-72
2-32
2-3
7-60
8-22
7-55
7-62
7-59
1-89
10-47
10-104
8-8
8-3
6-73
8-6
8-6
5-9
5-60
10-98
7-59
7-66
7-67
6-88
7-68
7-54
10-12
7-65
2-3
2-3
7-43
8-2
4-96
10-68
3-68
8-12
8-9
8-10
11-37
10-95
7-48
3-25
3-25
8-15
8-18
8-20
rar,
rapa, RAPiN, RAPiNES,
rarus-a-um
raptum-i, plunder; rapere, to rush off,
Ras, Rasiia (RASIIA), Rasna, Rasne,
rat, rato (RATV), ratom, ratum (RATVM), RATvM,
osca (VSCA), osce (VSCE), oscn (VSCN), (OSINAS),
rav (RAF), rava, (RAVA), RAFeN,
presta,
rin, rina, rine, rines, rino, rinor, rinu (RINF),
MeTH, (Me ), metva (MET8A), metua, metin,
segeta, segetes
cose (CVSE), coso (CVSV), cosor (CVSVR), cosos
cose coso (CVSV), cosor (CVSVR), cosos
case, casi
kabro (KA8RV), cabro (CA8RV),
reor, reri, ratus, think, ratus-a-um, judged
oscen-inis,
rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum
praesto, adv.; praesto-stare-stiti stitutum
regina-ae, queen; rego, regere-, to rule, govern
meto-metere, messui, messum
seges-etis, crop, sageta, arrow
causor-ari
causor-ari
causor-ari,
Fr. cabrer, to buck, to revolt
ReNAIX renascor-nasci, natus
roph, ruph (RV ), rose, (RVSE), rufas (RVFAS),
Recia,
Reph or REPHTE,
ren, rena, rener (RENeR), Reneri, reno, rent>
apne, apni, apnis,
tua, (TFA), tue, (TFE), tus (TFS)?, turi (TVRI),
tor, tur (TVR), tora, tura (TVRA), ?
rin, rina, rine, rines, rino, rinor, rinu (RINF),
rica?
or (VR), ora , oras oran, ore, ores, oror, orim>
RILiS,
RILiS,
LaKA,
man, mani, mano (MANV), MANTeR,
tokla, tukla (tvkla), tocler (tvcler),
ren, rena, rener (RENeR), Reneri, reno, rent>
rufus-a-um, red, rudy; rosa-ae, a rose;
regia-ae, palace, royal family;
refero, referre, rettuli, relatum
renuo-nuere, to deny, renovo-are, to renew
abnuo, nuere-nui
tueor [or tuor] tueri, tutus, and tueo-ere,
tuor or tueor,
regina-ae, queen; rego, regere-, to rule, govern
reicio-icere-ieci-iectum
oro-are, to speak, ora-ae, boundary
relaxo-are
relaxo-are
laxo-are;
maneo, manere,mansi, mansum,
amoveo -movere –movi> It. togliere,
renuo-nuere, to deny, renovo-are, to renew
reseri,
reservo-are
RESiN, resine, RESiNS,
ota (VTA), ote (VTE), otin (VTIN)
resina-ae
otior-ari,
resta, resteu, resteb (RESTE8), RESTvM,
resto-stare-stiti
rec, reces,
talena, talio, THALNA, goddess of retribution,
resa, resan, resane, rese, resi,
kabro (ka8rv), ca8ro (ca8rv)
kabro (KA8RV), cabro (CA8RV),
Raia (AL RAIA)
ric, rica,
ifsi, iusi (IFSI)
TINeS, TINIR, TINiRS,
korato (KVRATV)
rite, rito, (RITV),
rio, riu (RIV), rios (RIVS), ryo, ruo (RYV),
rip, riva (RIFA), rifin (RIFYN),
via (8IA), or viato (8IATV), vias (8IAS)
trom (TRVM)
trom (TRVM)
PETR, PETRO (PETRV), PETROIS, PETROS, kir/ kur
PETR, PETRO (PETRV), PETROIS, PETROS, kir/ kur
rok (RVK), roca, roce, roco (RVCV), roco (RVCV)
Rom, Roma, Romhe, Romi, Romna, Romia,
Ronai (RVNAI),
recipiio-cipere-, retain; It. recare, to bring
talio-onis,
resero-are
deficio-ficere –feci; Fr. cabrer
Fr. cabrer, to buck, to revolt
Gk.
, Rhea, morher of Zeus, Hera
dives-vetis, It. ricco, adj. rich; Fr. riche,
ius, right, iuris, law
tinnio-ire,
coortus-us,
ritus-us, It. rito
rivus-i
aripa-ae,
via-ae, way
via-ae, Gk. x
, drómos; Rom, DRUM,
via-ae, Gk. x
, drómos; Rom, DRUM,
saxum-i, petram, rock (It. pietra, stone)
saxum-i, petram, rock (It. pietra, stone)
silex-icis, It., rocca, rock; roccia, rock, fortress,
Roma-ae,
23
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Roof, Head,
Room, Hall,
Rose, Red, Pink
Rosita, Name
Rounds, to Make Rounds, Guard
Royal
Royal, Queen, King,
Rub-i, Diety of Mold
Rub, Scrape, to Wash
Rub, to Smooth, Clean
Rudus, Name
Ruin, Bramble
Ruin, to Go to Ruin, Destruction
Rule, to Govern
Rule, Queen, to Reign, King
Rule, to Lead,
Rule, to Lead,
Run, Rapid, Hurry
Rural, People
Rush Forth
Rye, Seat
Sabines, Name
Sack, Bag
Sacred, Holy Place, Temple Grounds
Sacred, Holy Place, Temple Grounds
Sacrifice, to Sacrifice, Pure
Sacrifice, Hostile, Host, Enemy,
Sad, Sorrow, Harsh
Saddle, to Saddle
Senir, Smyrna, mother of Dionysus)
Sage, Wise, Prophet
Sail, To Carry Away
Sail, to Navigate, Carry
Sailor?
Salt
Salini, Person’s Name
Sand
Sarina, Queen’s Name
Satisfy, to Fill
Satisfy , Fill, Fill Again, Pregnant
Sauce, Pesto
Savage, Grim
Save, to Save
Savior, to Snatch
Say, to Order, Mandate,
Scarp, Stack, Cliff,
Scatter, Span, Spread,
Scepis, Name
Scepter, Staff, Stick
School
Scimitar
Scorpion
Scrape, Rub, to Wash
Sea
Sea Shell, Conch
Seal, Fire, Hearth,
10-44
8-37
8-22
8-23
8-19
8-1
7-58
8-28
11-54
10-39
8-16
8-27
10-76
7-56
8-8
8-4
5-80
3-86
8-24
7-32
8-59
8-31
8-33
8-34
4-7
8-34
6-86
10-91
8-61
9-2
8-35
3-102
4-11
6-31
8-38
8-39
8-32
8-44
8-46
7-64
6-135
10-111
8-63
9-46
5-62
9-56
9-47
8-54
3-32
8-55
4-75
8-56
11-54
5-65
3-61
6-157
tet, teto (TETV),
Sale, SaLE, salo (SALV)
roph, ruph, (RV ), rose, ruse (RVSE), rufas (RVFAS),
Rositia (RVSITA),
ron, rona, rone, rons, runs, ronem, roni, ronis>
rial, rials,
roi (RVI), roial (RVIAL), rois (RVIS), roim (RVIM),
rub (RV8), rub (RF8),
tectum, roof;
atrium-i, It. sala, hall; Fr. salle, hall
rufus-a-um, red, rudy, rosa-ae, a rose
vr (8R), vra (8RA), vre (8RE),
frio-ere, to rub
teros (TERVS)
rodos, rudos (RVDVS)
rovato, ruvato (RV8ATV)
tisper,
rek, rekin (REKYN), regl (REbL), regle, reglo
rin, rina, rine, rines, rino, rinor, rinu (RINF), Roi, king
Rik, rike, rikes,
mena, menas, mene, menes, menan, meniar,
tero, terere, trivi, tritum; tersum, to clean
rudis-e, rough, raw,
rubeta-orum, bramble,
dispereo-ire-li,
rego, regere, rexi, rectum, to rule
regina-ae, queen; rex, king; Fr. roi, king
rigo-are
duco, ducere, duxi, It. menare, Fr. mener,
kursan (KFRSAN),
curso-are
ror (RVR), roras (RVRAS), roros, rurus (RVRVS)
prorse (PRVRSE)
segeles,
Saveles, Sabeles (SA8ELeS)
sac, sacev, saceu (SACE8), saco (SACV)
SAKRA, SAKRE, SAKR-EO,-EU, fan, fana, fani,
fan, fana, fani, SAKRA, SAKRE, SAKR-EO,-EU
sakra, sakre, sakreo, sakreu, sakreu, (SAKRE8),
ost (VST), oste (VSTE), osti (VSTI), ostis (VSTIS)
tris,
sela, SeLA, sele,
SNENAR, SAENAR
sage (SAbE), sagi (SAbI), saih,
ef, efa, efas, efe, efi, efis?
FE,
ruro-are, and rurer-ari,
proruo-ruere, rui rutum, to rush forth
siligo-inis, wheat, It. segale, rye, Fr. seigle, rye
Sabelli-orum,
sacculus-i, It. sacco, Fr. sac,
fanum-i, temple, sanctus, holy, sacris, sacred
fanum-i, temple, sanctus, holy, sacris, sacred
sacro-are,
hostis-is,
tristis-e, sad,
sella-e, seat, chair, Fr. selle, It. sella,saddle
nathom, nathum (NATHVM)
sal, salso (SALSV)
Salini, Salinis,
sabo; savo (SA8V), saf ( SAF)
Sarina
sat, sata, sate, sati, sato (SATV), sataro (SATARV)
replio (REPLIO)
pesto (PESTV)
torov, turov, (TVRV8)
selva (SELFA),
sotra, (SVTRA) sotris, sotro, (SVTRV)
MANTeR,
stakas,
SPANeRIM, spansa, spantea, spanti, sparse,
Scepis,
clab, clav (CLA8), claf (CLAF)
scol (SCVL)
caveo-ere, Welsh, rowndiau,
regalis, regius-a-um; It. reale, royal
regina; queen; rex-regis, king; Fr. roi, king,
Robiscus (Rub) -i,
sagax-acis, keen, saga-ae, a prohetess,
eveho vehere-vexi, vectum,
veho, vehere, vexi, vectum; ve,
nauticus-a-um
sal, salis, salsus-a-um, salted, salty,
saburra-ae, It. sabbia, sand,
scorpi (SCVRPI),
satio-are
repleo-plere-, repletus-a-; to fill again, satisfy
ius, iuris, broth, (It. pesto, Genoese sauce)
torvus-a-um, savage,
salveo-are
soter-eris, savior; sottrari, to snatch
mando-are;
scopulus-I; It stacco, relief, prominence
spargo, sparger, sparsi, sparsum, to scatter,
scipio-onis;Scipio-onis, of the gens Cornelia;
clava-ae
schola-ae
harpes-es,
scorpio-onis and scorpios [os] -i,
vr (8R), vra (8RA), vre (8RE),
frio-ere, to rub
mar, maram, marem, maras,
konce (KVNCE)
phoce ( VCE), phoki ( VCI)
mare-is,
concha-ae
phoca-ae and phoce, focus-i, hearth,
HeRPAIE,
24
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Search for, Ask for, Seek, Exquisite
See, to Look, Aim
Seat, Rye,
See, to Look, Aim
Seed, Semen, Stock, Race
Seed, Shoot, Spore, Sperm
Seed, to Separate, Spit, Thrust Out,
Seed , Sow, Sower
Seek, to Ask, Inquire
Seize, to Take, Abduct, Ravish,
Seldom, Rare,
Self
Self, Myself
Semen, Seed, Stock, Race
Sennacherib, son of Sargon
Senate, Curia
Senate, Old, Elder, Council of Elders,
Send, to Dispatch,
Sentinates, Name?
Separate, Spit, to Seed, Thrust Out,
Separate, to Separat, Seven,
Sepulcher, Tomb, Bury,
Serene, to Make Clear
Series, Yoke, Tighten, Join,
Seriphus, Island
Serum, Milk, Whey,
Settle, Settled, Certain
Seven, to Separate
Seven
Severe, Name, Severus, Avoid, Avert
Sew, to Stitch
Shake, to
Shank, Flank, Loins,
Sharp, Rough
Shave, to Shear
She
She, Him, He, It
Shear, to Shave
Sheep
Shield, Aegis
Shield, Aegis
Shields, Small Shields
Shine, to
Ship, Boat, Barque
Shoemaker’s awl, Sulla, Name
Shoot, Seed, Spore, Sperm, Born
Shore, River Bank
Show, to Flaunt
Sicily, Sicilian
Sienna, Name of City?
Sign, Mark,
Sign, to Mark , insignia
Silent, to be Still
Silent, to be Quiet
Similar, Such, like
Since, From, At, In Respect of, By
3-98
11-45
8-59
11-45
8-64
8-64
9-53
8-48
2-33
7-52
7-49
8-30
4-110
8-64
9-34
3-66
9-1
9-50
9-3
9-53
9-4
9-5
9-7
9-6
9-9
9-8
2-58
9-4
1-19
9-70
9-63
9-66
5-54
2-40
10-114
3-93
4-97
10-114
6-91
3-111
1-43
6-105
3-129
6-33
9-67
8-64
8-10
6-87
9-20
9-27
5-66
9-22
9-23
10-22
10-11
1-24
ekci,
vis (8IS), vises (8ISES), visio (8ISIV),
segeles,
vis (8IS), vises (8ISES), visio (8ISIV)
semenies
semenies
spor (SPVR), spora, spore, sporerim, spores
SATeRS, SATeR,
Kase, CEISIN, CEISiM,
rav (RAF), rava, (RAVA), RAFeN,
rar,
sa, se, sese, si?
ips,
semenies
Sneogr Rig
koraia (KVRAIA), koreia (KVREIA)
SeNATA, SeNATE, SeNATES, SeNIMO
ecquid or ecqui; exquiro [quaero]
visio, visere- look, visio-onis, seeing, Fr. viser
siligo-inis, wheat, It. segale, rye, Fr. seigle, rye
visio, visere, visi, visum, to look at, look
semen-inis
semen-inis; Gk.
, sperm,
, Sporos
spuo, spuere, to spit out; Gk.
, Spório,
sator-oris, a sower, planter, begetter
quaeso-ere, to seek, quaeso, I beg
rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum
rarus-a-um
se, sese, sibi, sui
ipse-a-um,
semen-inis
Sennacherib, son of Sargon
curia-ae
senatus-us [or-i]
speto (SPETV)
expedio-ire-, to free from a snare,
sentinates,
spor (SPVR), spora, spore, sporerim, spores
sepi?,
sentina-ae, bilge-water, rabble, dregs
spuo, spuere, to spit out; Gk.
, Spório,
septem, separo-aro, to separate
sepelio-pelire-, to bury, ruin, sepulchra-orum
sereno-are
sero-serere, serui, sertum
SEPeLES,
SeREN, SERReN,
ser, SeRAN, SEReN, serev, seri, sero, serut
Serphoe (SERPHVE),
serom (SERVM),
cert,
sepi?,
septa?,
suvera (SV8ERA), Svera or suera, (SFERA),
su (sf), sua (sfa), sue (sfe), suem (sfem), suis (sfis),
sukatv (SVKATV),
luns (LVNS),
cautas (cav as)
tose, tuse (TVSE),
ea
il, is, el
tose, tuse (TVSE),
oveli (VFELI), OVLIN (VFLIN)
egis
AEKiS, EGIS,
parmi
enit, ENiTO, (ENiTV)
nave (NA8E), nafe (NAFE), naflis, (NAFLIS), berca,
serum-i, whey lac-lactis, milk
certo-are,
septem, separo-aro, to separate
septem; Fr. sept, Rom. sapte,
severus-a-um,
suo, suere, sui, sutum, to sew,
succutio-cutere-cussi-cussm, to shake
lumbus, loins; It. lonza, loins
cautes-is, sharp
tondeo, tondere,totondi, tonsum,
ea
il, ille, is, eius, illius
tondeo, tondere,totondi, tonsum, shave
ovile-is,sheep, ovillus-a-um, of sheep
aegis-idis (Gk.
, aigis, "goatskin," shield)
aegis-idis, shield
parma-ae
enito-ere-ui,
navis-is, ship, navalis-e, naval, barca, barque
sula (SFLA)
subula-ae, a shoemakers awl; Rom. Sula
semenies
rip, riva (RIFA), rifin (RIFYN),
semen-inis; Gk.
, sperm,
aripa-ae,
ostendo-tendere, to show
Sicilia-ae [Siculi]-orum, Sicily;
ostento (VSTENTV)
Sical,
sinam?,
marca,
sik, sikne,
sila, silar,
tas, tasi,
tal, tali,
a
marcus-i
signo-are, to sign; signum-i, sign
sileo-ere-ui, to be still
taceo-ere-itum, to be quiet
talis-e, Dat., Abl. tali, similar
a
25
, Sporos
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Sing, to, song
Sing/ Play/ w/ Stringed Instrument
Sinner, Defendant, Culprit, Criminal,
Sister
Sit
Site, Situation
Situation, Case
Sivai, Name
Six, Rock, Stone,
Six
Six, Sixth
Sixth
Skill, Technique, Art
Skin
Skirmishers,, Light Infantry, Army
Sky, Heaven, Name Cilen?
Sky, Heaven, Cloud
Slaughter, to Cut Down
Sleep, to Put to Sleep
Smile, Calf of the Leg
Smooth, to Rub, Clean
Snake, Serpent, Viper
Snake, Viper
Snake, Viper, Treviper god
Snatch, Savior,
So, Therefore, Thus, In This Way
Soften, to Become Soft, Gentle
Soften, to Soften
Soldier, Light Infantry, Army
Soldier, Warrior,
Some, Any, Who
Some, Whatever Kind, Any
Some, Whatever,
Some, Which, Who, What, That,
Someone, Something
Son
Song, to Sing
Sorrow, Sad, Harsh
Sorrow
Sound, to Sound
Source, Fountain, Well,
Sow, Seed , Sower
Span, Spread, Scatter
Spartan?
Speak, to Tell, Recount
Specter, Ghost,
Specters, Household Gods, Fairies
Spin, to Twist
Spit, Seed, to Separate, Thrust Out,
SN, An Initial?
Speak, to Tell, Relate, Boundary
Specter, Ghost,
Sperm, Spore, Seed, Shoot,
Spin, to Torque,
Spin, to Weave, Braid
Spin, to Spin, Draw Out
2-14
7-35
7-61
9-40
9-12
9-31
2-34
9-21
8-45
1-18
4-69
9-11
1-112
6-115
10-74
3-20
10-18
2-8
9-39
9-41
10-39
1-76
11-42
10-86
9-46
9-19
5-56
6-11
10-74
4-18
2-45
3-82
2-44
3-8
1-59
4-37
2-14
10-91
1-87
9-38
6-158
8-48
9-47
5-7
7-41
5-19
5-16
10-107
9-53
9-33
6-73
5-19
8-64
10-107
6-37
4-34
KANE, KaNE, KaNETV, KaNTVR, KaNI, KaNIS
cano, canere,
pseile, psein,
psallo-psalleere
reo, reu (REV), reoi, reui (REVI), reus (REVS),
sor, (SVR), sorom, (SVRVM), SVRvM,
seti, setio (SETIV), setis, SETuM, (SETvM),
sitos (SITVS)
casus
reus-i and rea-ae, party in a law-suit
soror-oris, sister
sedeo, sedere, sedi
situs-us
casus-us
SIFAI,
sas, sase,
heks, heksr, (galley, L. hexeris)
HECHS (HEKS) HECHS (HE¯S)
sesto, sestu (SESTV),
pel,
tiro (TIRV)
CILEN, CILENI
tapis?, kalem,
saxum-i, rock, stone,
sexus
sex, six, hexeris-is, ship with six-bank of oars,
sextus; It. sesto, sixth
ars-artis
pellis-is,
tiro-onis,
caelum-i, sky; It. cielo, sky,
caelum-i, heaven; Finnish-Uralic, taivas
caitim,
caedis-is, cutting down
sopa, supa (SVPA), sopes, (SVPES), sopo, (SVPV),
sori, suri (SVRI), soro, suro (SVRV), sorov, (SVRV8),
teros (TERVS)
ancuis (ANCFIS)
viper (8IPER),)
viper (8IPER), Treviper (TRE8IPER),
sotra, (SVTRA) sotris, sotro, (SVTRV)
sic, sik,
mac, maci, molak, MvLAK, MvLAKE, MvLAKAS
molak (MVLAK), MvLAK, MvLAKE, MvLAKAS
tiro (TIRV)
feles
cei,
kuelk (KFELK),
cek, ceka, cechasi (CE¯ASI),
CHE (¯E), CHI (¯i), CHIS (¯IS),
alc, alkos, alkus (ALKVS), alce, alci,
filos, filus (FILVS), filoi, filui (FILVI),
KANE, KaNE, KaNETV, KaNTVR, KaNI, KaNIS
tris,
aphano (A ANV)
son, sona, (SVNA), sone, (SVNE), sonoi (SVNVI)
phont,( VNT), phonta, phonte, Phontia
SATeRS, SATeR,
SPANeRIM, spansa, spantea, spanti, sparse,
lakonai (LAKVNAI),
rac, rak, RAKaR,
laro, larth? (LARO), laru (LARV), laruaia (LARFAIA),
lar, lare, lari, laris,
torce (TVRCE)
spor (SPVR), spora, spore, sporerim, spores
SN
or (VR), ora , oras oran, ore, ores, oror, orim>
laro, larth? (LARO), laru (LARV), laruaia (LARFAIA),
semenies
torce (TVRCE)
NER, NERIS, nerons (NERVNS)
filar (FILAO), FILaR,
sopio-ire;, to put to sleep;
sura-ae, the calf of the leg; Fr. souire, to smile
tero, terere, trivi, tritum; tersum, to clean
anguis, snake, serpent,
viper-ae, viper, snake serpens-entis, serpent
vipera-ae, viper, snake
soter-eris, savior; sottrari, to snatch
sic, thus, in this way
macero-are, to soften, mollesco-ere
mollesco-ere
tiro-onis,
veles-itis or velites,
quae, any, some, qui, who
Qualisqumque; It. qualque; whatever kind
quacumque [-cunque], It., checche
quis, (Hittite, kuis, It. chi), who, what, which
aliquo, some, aliquae, aliquod, someonefilius
cano, canere,
tristis-e, sad,
It. affano,
sono-sonare, sonui, sonitum, to sound
fontanus-a-um; fons, fontis, a spring,
sator-oris, a sower, planter, begetter
spargo, sparger, sparsi, sparsum, to scatter,
Laco [Lacon]-onis
dico-dicere dixi, dictum; Fr. raconter, to relate
larva [larua]-ae
lar, laris, lares,
torqueo, torquere, torsi, tortum,
spuo, spuere, to spit out; Gk.
, Spório,
ars
26
oro-are, to speak, ora-ae, boundary
larva [larua]-ae
semen-inis; Gk.
, sperm,
, Sporos
torqueo, torquere, torsi, tortum,
neo, nere, nevi, netum, to spin, weave
filum-i, thread, (It. filare, to spin)
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Spina, Etruscan City
Spit, to Seed, Thrust Out, Separate
Spolare, Unknown Word
Spore, Seed, Shoot, Sperm
Spread, to Span, Scatter
Spring, Truth,
Spy? Cherub, EPE OR,
Stable , Stall,
Stack, Cliff, Scarp
Stairs
Staff, Club, Stick, Bat, Cudgel,
Stall, Stable
Stall, Stable
Stand, To
Stand Firm, Endure
Stand, Make a Stand, Rest, Survive
Star
Static
Stay , to Remain,
Steam, to be Wet
Stem, Stalk
Stitch, to Sew
Stick, Cudgel, Club, Staff
Stick, Scepter, Staff,
Stir, to Mix, Grind
Stock, Semen, Seed, Race
Stock, Trunk, Shaft
Stone, Rock
Stone, Rock, Pebble
Stone, Hard Stone, Flint
Stone, Flint
Stop, To
Stop, to Cease
Storeroom, Cellar
Straight,
Straighten
Straighten, Put Straight, Set Right
Stranger, Enemy,
Street, Road, Way, Path
Stretch, to Extend
Strike, to, Fiora , town, river?
Strike, to,
Strike , to strike, Crime, Evil, Bad,
Strike, to Applaud
Strike, to
Strike, to Strike, Iron
Strive, to Lean,
Stringed Instrument, to Play It
Strophe, Trickery, Deceit, Treachery
Strophe, Arrange, to Put Together,
Subdue, to Break in, Tame
Such, like, Similar
Succor, to succor, Protect
Suffer, to Undergo,
Sufficient, Enough
Sulla, Name, Swine, Pork
9-51
9-53
9-52
8-64
9-47
11-29
3-132
5-63
9-56
8-51
3-32
9-55
5-63
9-54
6-131
7-68
2-66
9-57
5-60
5-72
10-63
9-63
11-52
3-32
6-10
8-64
4-48
6-140
8-15
9-24
8-45
4-62
2-61
8-62
9-60
5-36
3-67
6-86
10-95
6-102
4-13
4-86
7-40
7-3
5-11
4-13
6-42
7-35
9-62
9-61
10-102
10-11
9-35
9-64
8-47
9-67
Spina, Spini, Spinia, Spinaum (SPINAVM)
spor (SPVR), spora, spore, sporerim, spores
spuo, spuere, spit out; Gk.
, Spório,
spolare, (SPVLARE) or SPV LARE
semenies
SPANeRIM, spansa, spantea, spanti, sparse,
ver (8ER), veri (8ERI)
Epe Or, (EPE VR), ep, epa?
mantra?
stakas,
skal,
clab, clav (CLA8),
stabli (STA8LI)
mantra?
sta, star, STAReS, stai, ste, sti, sto (STV),
persto (PERSTV),
resta, resteu, resteb (RESTE8), RESTvM,
STeLA?
statita
man, mani, mano (MANV), MANTeR,
matam, matan,
tic, tikam, tiga (TIbA), tige (TIbE), tigi (TIbI)
su (sf), sua (sfa), sue (sfe), suem (sfem), suis (sfis),
vost, vust (8VST),
clab, clav (CLA8), claf (CLAF)
mola (MVLA), mole, molo (MVLV), MOLeS
semenies
fost (8VST),
petr, petro (PETRV), petros, (PETRVS)
rok (RVK), roca, roce, roco (RVCV), roco (RVCV)
semen-inis; Gk.
, sperm,
, Sporos
spargo, sparger, sparsi-, to scatter,
ver, veris, Spring; verus-a-um, true, real,
speculor-ari, to spy, (It. spiare, Fr. épier)
mandra-ae;
scopulus-I; It stacco, relief, prominence
scalae-arum,
clava-ae
stabulum-i, habitation, quarters
mandra-ae;
sto, stare, steti, statum, orior, to rise
persto-stare-stiti-statum,
resto-stare-stiti
stella-ae,
sto, stare, steti-;
, statikós, static
maneo, manere,mansi, mansum,
madeo-ere; to steam
Stirps, Fr. tige, stem; Rom. tij , stem,
suo, suere, sui, sutum, to sew,
fustis-is, stick, cudgel, club
clava-ae
misceo-miscere, to mix; It. molare, grind
semen-inis
fustis-is, club
lapis-idis, stone (Gk.
, pétra, stone)
silex-icis, It., rocca, rock; roccia, fortress,
SILiCI,
silex-icis
sas, sase
halt,
ces, cesa, ceso (CESV),
selur (SELFR)
streta, streter
lena, leni, lenies, LeNE,
KOReK (KVReK), KOReG (KVReG)
ost (VST), oste (VSTE), osti (VSTI), ostis (VSTIS)
trom (TRVM)
panta, tenta, tento (TENTV)
feira
ic, iciien or icren,
ra (RA), rae,
plato (PLATV), plotin, plutin (PLVTIN),
laeti, laetim,
feira
nics,
pseile, psein,
Strophgla, (STRV bLA), strophglas,
strogla, (STRVbLA), strophgla, strophglas
tomota (TVMVTA)
tal, tali,
sok (SOK), soci, suci (SVCI),
suba (SV8A),
satan, satane, satina, satene,
saxum-i, rock, stone,
Stabit, halt, It., alt, halt!; Fr. halte, halt
ceso-are
cellarius-a-um
strictus, tight; It. streto, straight , tight,
linea-ae, thread; lineo-are, make straight
corrigo-riger-rexi
hostis-is, stranger, enemy
via-ae, Gk. x
, drómos; Rom, DRUM,
pando, pandare, pandi; extend-tendere ferio-ire, to strike, (It. Fiora River)
icio or ico, ici, ictum,
rea-ae, f. reus-i , to repel, ward off,
plaudo [plodo], plaudere, plausi, plausum
laedo, laedere, laesti, laesum
ferio-ire, to strike, (It. Fiora River)
nixor-ari
psallo-psalleere
stropha-ae, a trick, artifice;
sula, (SFLA),
sullus-a-um, a swine; Sulla, Roman,
27
struo, struere; stropha-ae, trick,
domito-are, subdue, tame
talis-e, Dat., Abl. tali
succurro-currere-; to run beneath, succor
subeo-ire-li or ivi-itum
satis or sat, enough, quite; satius, better, more
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Sulla, Name , Awl, Shoemaker’s Awl,
Summer
Summit, Peak
Summon, to Call
Summon , to Cite,
Summon, Call, Prophesy
Sun, Dawn, Alone
Sunrise, Dawn, Aurora, East, Morn’g
Support, to Sustain
Surrender, Hand Over,
Surpass, Upper, Above
Survive, Make a Stand, Rest,
Sustain, to Support
Suvera (Name), Grave, To Avert
Swear an Oath, To
Swelling, ball, Pellet,
Swim Back, Refuse, to Deny, Renew,
Swim, New
Swim, To
Swine, Sulla, Name, Pork
Sword, Knife
Table
Taei, Name
Tafos, Name
Tages, Etruscan god of Boundaries
Take, Abduct, Ravish, to Seize
Take, to Remove,
Talon, Ankle
Talon, Heel
Talk, Fame, Favor,
Tame, Retaliation,
Tanaquil, Queen, Wife of Tarquin
Tapa, Name? Carpet?
Tapestry
Tarquin
Tear in Pieces, Disembowel,
Tear, to Lacerate, Rend
Tekias, Name
Tell, Speak, to Relate, Boundary
Telatos, Name?
Telamonos, Greek Hero
Temple Grounds, Sacred, Holy Place
Temple Grounds, Sacred, Holy Place
Ten
Ten
Tepid, Warm,
Terrain, Land,
Testify, Bear Witness
Text, Inscribed, Write, Engrave,
Thalna, Etrusc. Goddess, Nemesis
Thane, Danaus, Father of Argos?
Thanchuilos, Tanaquil, Wife of King
That, This, These,
Thebes, City in Greece
Theias, Father of Adonis
Them, to Them
9-67
1-53
3-22
2-9
3-28
1-27
9-37
6-77
9-44
10-82
9-69
7-68
9-44
9-16
4-115
6-63
7-59
6-47
4-100
9-67
4-59
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
7-52
10-98
10-48
10-13
4-6
10-12
10-15
10-16
10-17
11-21
3-109
5-6
10-25
6-73
10-31
10-32
8-34
4-7
1-22
10-27
10-35
10-37
10-43
8-57
10-49
10-50
10-51
2-63
10-59
10-58
3-117
sula (SFLA)
ait, aito, aitu (AITV)
cim, kim, kimi,
CAL. CaLA, CaLa, KALA, KaLaS, KaLE, KaLV, KALI
subula-ae, a shoemakers awl; Rom. sula
aestas-atis,
culmen (It. cima, Fr. cime)
calo-are
cit lav (CITLA8), etc., cita
cito-are,
aca, ace, aci, acis,
sol, (SVL), sola, sula , solo (SVLV), solos, (SVLvS),
OROAS (VRVAS),
soten, suten (SVTEN),
trati,
super (SVPER), supro (SVPRV)
accio-iare -ivi -itum
sol, solis, sun, solus-a-um, alone,
aurora-ae, sunrise, dawn; Oriens, east
sustineo tinire -; Fr. soutenir, to support
trado [transdo] -dere-didi -ditum
supra
resta, resteu, resteb (RESTE8), RESTvM,
resto-stare-stiti
soten, suten (SVTEN),
SeVERA (SeFERA), SV8ERA,
ro, iru (IRV),
ofe (VFE)
ren, rena, rener (RENeR), Reneri, reno, rent>
no, nu (NV), noa, nov (NV8),
inas, ine, inni, ino, inu (INV)
sustineo tinire -; Fr. soutenir, to support
severus-a-um, grave, serious,
iruo-are
offa-ae,
renuo-nuere, to deny, renovo-are, to renew
no, nare, navi, novum, new
inno-nare
Sula, (SFLA),
sullus-a-um, a swine; Sulla, Roman,
glatau, glatab (bLATA8),
table (TA8LE),
gladius-i
tabella-ae, tablet, board; Fr. table, table
Taei, Taeia,
TAFOS (TAFVS),
Tages,
rav (RAF), rava, (RAVA), RAFeN,
tokla, tukla (tvkla), tocler (tvcler),
THALIO ( ALIV)
talos (TALOS)
fama
talena, talio, THALNA, goddess of retribution,
Thanchuilus, (THANKVILVS),
rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum
amoveo -movere –movi> It. togliere,
talio-onis,
talus-i
fama-ae, talk, fame,
talio-onis,
Tapa,
tapis,
Tarkie, Tarkonos, (TARKVNVS),
EFISXeR,
LACeR,
Tekeias, Tekories (TEKVRIES)
or (VR), ora , oras oran, ore, ores, oror, orim>
telatos (TELETVS)
Telmonos (TELMVNVS),
SAKRA, SAKRE, SAKR-EO,-EU, fan, fana, fani,
fan, fana, fani, SAKRA, SAKRE, SAKR-EO,-EU
tecum (TECVM)?, tikam?
tecum (TECVM)?, tikam?
TeP,
tera, teri, terim,
testre, testro (TESTRV),
scriato, (SCRIATV)
THAL ( AL), THALNA ( ALNA)
THANE ( ANE)
Thanchuilos ( ANKVILVS)
cesti,
Thipo ( IPV)?
Thieth ( IE )
eis
28
tapeta-ae; Fr. tapis, carpet,
eviscero-are
lacero-are
tectorius-a-um, plaster, stucco?
oro-are, to speak, ora-ae, boundary
Gk. telieotis, finisher?
Gk.
, Telamon
fanum-i, temple, sanctus, holy, sacris, sacred
fanum-i, temple, sanctus, holy, sacris, sacred
decem
decem
tepeo-ere,
terra-ae
testor-ar
scripo, scribere, It. scritta, inscription;
Nemesis-is; Gk.
, Némesi
Tanaquil-ilis,
hic, haec, hoc; It. questi
Thebae-arum, Gk.
, Th€bai
eis
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Them, They
Them, They, Those,
Theme
Themis, Greek Goddess
Then, Theonoe, daughter of Proteus
Then, Bury, Tomb
Then, Later, After,
There
Therefore
Therefore, Consequently
Therefore, Thus, In This Way, So
These, That of Yours
Theseus
Thetis, Nereid, Mother of Achilles
They Are
They Are
They, Them,
They, Those, Them
They Will Be
Thia, , Mother of Eos or Hermes
Thing, Matter,
Think, to Weigh Heavily
Think, to Ratify
Third
This, These, That
Thorasi, Doris? Thorax-acis
Those, They, Them
Thousand, Milo, Name
Threaten, to Menace
Threatened, Cursed
Three
Three, Third
Three Times, Thrice
Threshold, Limit, Door, Port, Gate
Through, By, For,
Throughout
Throw Back
Throw, to Launch
Throw Together, to Cast Lots
Throw Out, Cast Out , Eject
Throw Out, to Eject
Throw, to Launch
Throw, to Launch
Throw Together, Cast Lots
Throw Back, Behind, Reject
Thrust Out, Seed, to Separate, Spit,
Thunder, Tone
Thus, In This Way, So, Therefore
Thy, Your
Ticket, Passage Money, Fare,
Tighten, Join, Yoke, Series
Tin, Bronze, Iron, Copper,
Tini, Etruscan Supreme God
Tinkle, to Ring
Tint, Dye, to Color
Tiples, unknown word
5-2
2-48
5-33
10-53
10-54
10-101
7-36
4-93
4-120
7-30
9-19
4-118
10-55
10-56
4-117
8-21
5-2
2-48
9-68
10-57
7-53
6-122
7-51
10-36
2-63
10-62
2-48
6-4
6-6
3-59
1-13
10-83
10-36
5-43
6-113
6-92
8-3
9-32
3-62
3-114
4-90
4-54
4-54
3-62
8-3
9-53
10--103
9-19
10-1
6-21
9-6
1-52
10-67
10-68
10-69
10-71
le (Le), li,
cel,
lem,
theme ( EME)
Then ( EN)
tom, tum (TVM)
puia (PFIA), puia (PVIA),
ive, ibe (I8E), ip, ipa, ipe, ipei, ipi, la, Le,
illis, them,
quegil, quel
lemma-atis
Themis-dis, Gk.
itek
itaque
proinde and proin
proita (PRVITA)
sic, sik
iste, cesti,
These ( ESE)
Thetis and Thethis ( ETIS & E IS)
isont, isunt (ISVNT), sont (SVNT)
ront, runt (RVNT)
le (Le), li,
cel,
SUNT (SVNT)
Thia ( IA)
re, rei,
pensin,
rat, rato (RATV), ratom, ratum (RATVM), RATvM,
terti, tertie, terto (TERTV)
cesti,
Thurasi ( VRASI)
cel,
Milas, Milo (MILV), MiLER,
minas, minis,
comni (CVMNI),
tre, trei, tres, tri, tria, trin, trinum, TRINeR,
tre, trei, tres, tri, tria
ter, terti, tertie, terto (TERTV)
liman,
pe (PE), Pe, pei, per,
pa (PA)
rica?
slanso (SLANSV)
konikau, konikav (KVNIKAF)
eic, eice, eik, eiser,
iek,
geta (bETA), getom, getum, (bETVM),
iak, IACeR, iakoi, iakui (IAKVI),
konikau, konikav (KVNIKAF)
rica?
spor (SPVR), spora, spore, sporerim, spores
ton, (TVN), tona, tonam, tone, toni,
sic, sik,
ta,
nal
ser, SeRAN, SEReN, serev, seri, sero, serut
ais
Tin, TiN, Tini, Tinia,
TINeS, TINIR, TINiRS,
tingus,
Tiples
29
, Themis
Theonoe
tum; then; tumeo-ere, to swell,
diende; It. poi, Fr. puis, then,
ibi, ibis, genit. Ibis, illi, (It. ivi, there, la, there)
sic, thus,
iste, ista, istud (It. questi; Romanian, ISTE)
Theseus-ei and –eos; Gk.
, Thiséas
Thetis-idis or idos; Gk.
, Thétis
sunt
Sunt; Fr. elles sont
illis, them,
quegil, quel
erunt,
Dia-ae, Gk.
, Theia
res, rei; Belarusian, •‚ƒ, re„, thing,
penso-are, think, to weigh heavily
reor, reri, ratus, think, ratus-a-um, judged
tertius-a-um,
hic, haec, hoc; It. questi
Doris-dis, Gk. …† , Doris
quegil, quel
mille, milia, milarius -, of a thousand
minor-ari; minax-acis, threatening
comminor-ari,
tres, tria, trin-ae-a, three at a time
tres, tris
ter
limen-inis,
per, for, through, in, in, into towards, within
per
reicio-icere-ieci-iectum
lancea-ae, light spear, It. slanciare, throw
conicio-icere-ieci
eico-icere-ieci-iectum, ےcere
eico-icere-ieci-iectum, ےcere
Getaie-arum, Thracians
iacio-iacere, to throw
conicio-icere-ieci-iectum
reicio-icere-ieci-iectum
spuo, spuere, spit out; Gk.
, Spório,
tono -are -ui -itum, to thunder
sic, thus, in this way
tuum; vestra, (pl.l); It. tuo, thy, Fr. ta, thy,
naulum-i
sero-serere, serui, sertum
ferrum-i, iron, aes, aeris, copper
Jupiter; Gk. Zeus
tinnio-ire,
tingo, tingere, tinxi, tinctum
deplexus-a-um, clasping?
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Tirai, Tyrsenus, son of King Atys?
Tired, Weary
Tities, Original Tribe of Rome
Tito, Name
TN, Abbreviation for Tini?
To, Towards, Against, With
Today
Toga, Gown,
Tolerate, to
Tomb, Bury, Sepulcher
Tomb, Grave , Then
Tome, Volume,
Tone, Thunder,
Top, Summit, Peak
Torque, to Spin
Torso, Trunk
Total, Entire, Whole
Totter, to Fall Down
Tower, Fort,
Tower, Grave, Tumulus
Town, City, Village,
Treachery, Strophe, Trickery, Deceit
Tree, Mast
Tree, Grove, A Wood, Forest
Trellis, Grating,
Treviper, Viper god,, Snake
Tribe
Tribe, Clan
Tribe, Race, Kin
Trickery, Deceit, Strophe, Treachery
Trident, Three-pronged Spear
Trifle
Triple, to
Triumph, Laurel, Victory
Trojan
Trojans
Trojans
Trojans, Troy
Troop, Crowd, Gang
Troop, Gang, Group, Crowd, People
Troop, Hermes
Troops, Light-armed, Infantry,
Trot, to
Truce
Truly, Indeed, New
Truly, Indeed, New
Truly, Indeed, Verily
Truncate, Cut Off,
Trunk, Torso
Truth, Spring
Try, to
Tumulus, Heap, Cairn, Circle,
Turan, Aphrodite
Turin, Turines
Turn, Dance, to Jump
10-73
4-27
10-78
10-79
10-80
1-42
4-82
10-97
10-100
9-5
10-101
11-48
10--103
3-22
10-107
10-112
10-116
5-4
2-35
10-105
11-38
9-62
1-111
6-23
3-37
10-86
10-87
3-33
4-53
9-62
10-84
10-88
10-90
5-38
10-92
10-61
10-93
10-94
10-109
4-46
10-109
11-25
10-96
10-85
6-41
6-17
6-17
7-34
10-112
11-29
1-122
2-57
10-106
10-109
8-40
Tirai,
fese, fesi, see also las, lasier,
Tyr-ieci-iectum, rsenus
fessus-a-um,
tite, titem,
tito, titu (TITV)
Tities-ium & Titenses-ium
Titus-i; Rom. TITU, name
TN,
ad, to, cu, with?
hot (HVT), hoti (HVTI),
toca, toce, (TVCE), toces, (TVCES), toci, (TVCI),
tol, tolo, (TVLV), tolera, (TVLERA), TOLeRAN,
tom, tum (TVM
volum (8VLVM),
ton, (TVN), tona, tonam, tone, toni,
cim, kim, kimi,
torce (TVRCE)
tors, turs (TVRS),
tuta, tutas, tute, tuthi (TV I), tuthio (TV IV)
lape,
kastro (KASTRV),
tor, tora, tore, tores, tori, toro?
ad, to, cum, with, Romanian, cu, with,
hodie,
toga-ae,
tolero-are
sepelio-pelire-, bury, ruin, sepulchra-orum
tum; then; tumulus-i, mound
volumen-inis, a scroll, book,
tono -are -ui -itum, to thunder
culmen (It. cima, Fr. cime)
torqueo,torquere, torsi, tortum, to twist, wind,
truncus-i, It. torso, torso, Fr. torse, torso
tutus-a-um, totius, toti, totius,
labo-are,
castelum-i, castra-orum, camp,
turris-is, tower,
VIKiLA (8IKiLA), VIKiLAS (8IKiLAS),
viculus-i, village,
Strophgla, (STRV bLA), strophglas,
arpo (ARPV)
namo (NAMV)
stropha-ae, a trick, artifice;
arbor [arboris] oris, tree;
nemus-oris
kletra, kletram, cletram, kletre,
clatri-orum,
Tre Viper or Treviper (TRE8IPER),
vipera-ae, viper, snake
trib (TRI8), tribo (TRI8V), triv, trib (TRI8),
tribus-us
clan
gerve,(bER8E), gerviie (bER8IIE), gers (bERS),
Strophgla, (STRV bLA), strophglas,
gens, gentis, genus -eris,
treten,
tricis,
tridens-entis,
tricae-arim
tripler
Ler, lere, leres, leri
triplus-a-um,
laurus-i, the laurel; meten. triumph, victory
True (TRFE),
Thronei ( RVNEI)
Troinvi, Truinvi (TRVINFI),
Trous, Trois, Troicus, adj.
SEPeLES,
gens, tribus (Fr., Rom. clan, clan)
stropha-ae, a trick, artifice;
Troitae (TRVITAE)
† , Troós,
† , Troós,
Troas-ados; Gk. troikos, Troy
turm (TVRM), TVRMVS, TVRMS (Hermes)
turm-ae
fol, ful (FVL),
torm, turm (TVRM), TVRMVS, TVRMS (Hermes)
veli (8ELI), vels (8ELeS),
trotan, trutan (TRVTAN), trotum, (TRVTVM),
treb, trev (TRE8), trebe, treve (TRE8E),
NA, NIA; nov (NV8)
NA, NIA; nov (NV8)
na,
prosikuren (PRVSIKVREN)
tors, turs (TVRS),
ver (8ER), veri (8ERI)
atento (ATENTV)
cerniie
Turan (Tvran)
Torines, Turines (TVRINES),
salt
vulgus (volgus) -i,
turm-ae; Mercury (Gk.‡
, Hermes)
veles-itis, pl. velites,
gradus-us; It. trottare, to trot; Fr. trotter,
indutiae-arum; truce; Fr. trêve, truce
nai = ne [nae], novus-a-um, new
nai = ne [nae], novus-a-um, new
ne [nae], used before pronouns, indeed, truly;
proseco-secare-secui, sectumtruncus-i, It. torso, torso, Fr. torse, torso
ver, veris, Spring; verus-a-um, true, real,
attento or attempto-are,
circus-i, ring, Irish, gcarn, heap; Fr. cerne, ring,
Venus; Gk. ˆ‰
, Aphrodite
Taurinorum, Turin
salto-are, It. saltare, to jump, vault
30
Troianus-a-um; Gk.
Troianus-a-um; Gk.
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Tuscan, Etruscan
Two
Two
Twofold
Two, to Give
Tydeus, Greek Hero
Type, Figure,
Tyrsenus, Father of the Etruscans
Unbolt, Reveal, Unlock, Disclose
Under, Below
Undergo, to Suffer,
Undermine, Weaken, Moderate
Understand, to know
Understanding, Mind,
Underworld god, Erebus, Hell
Underworld, Netherworld, Erebus,
Unholy, Nefarious, Evil
Uni, Etruscan Mother Goddess
Unless, If Not,
Unlock, Unbolt, Reveal, Disclose
Upper, to Surpass, Above
Us, to Us
Use, to Employ
USuS, Unknown Word
Use, to Employ
Valeri, Name, To Pluck
Valley
Value, Become, to,
Vamerias, Person’s Name
Vanth, Etruscan Goddess
Vary, to
Veii, Etruscan City
Veil, to Cover
Velcha, Etruscan City
Velcha, Etruscan City
Veltone, Etruscan god of Augurs
Venus, Goddess of Love
Vessel, Container, Pot,
Virile, Manly, Man,
Verona, Etruscan City
Very Much
Vessel, Pot, Container,
Victory, Triumph, Laurel,
Vigorous, Well
Village, City, Town
Vinegar
Viper, Snake
Viper, Treviper god, Snake
Vipina, Virbius, God
Void, the Empty Void, Chaos
Void, Empty,
Volume, Tome
Vosle, Fiosole, Ancient Florence
Vow, Oath, to Take an Oath
Vulcan, god
Wage War, Army
10-115
3-90
1-12
1-145
10-99
10-117
10-70
10-73
7-65
9-45
9-64
9-65
2-22
5-82
1-102
1-102
6-27
11-5
6-46
7-65
9-69
2-41
6-89
11-6
11-8
11-24
11-11
4-32
11-14
11-16
11-17
11-21
4-16
11-23
4-19
4-22
11-28
11-18
11-44
11-31
11-13
11-18
5-38
4-12
11-38
1-41
11-42
10-86
4-40
3-1
11-15
11-48
11-50
11-53
4-47
1-142
Tusk (TVSK),
tua, (TFA), tue, (TFE), (TVE), tuo (TVO)
tua, (TFA), tue, (TFE), (TVE), tuo (TVO)
Bina (8INA)
toe, tue (TVE), toia (TOIA), toie (TOIE)
TUTE (TVTE),
tipa, tipe, tipes,
Tirai,
resa, resan, resane, rese, resi,
sothi, suthi (SV I),
suba (SV8A),
subra (SV8RA),
Cape, capere, capere, caperi, kapire, kapirivs
mens,
Arepes, deus (TEFS), deis (TEIS)
Arepes, deus (TEFS), deis (TEIS)
naph, naphar, (NA AR)
Uni (VNI), Unia (VNIA
Tusci-orum, Tuscus-a-um,. adj.
duo-ae
duo-ae
bini-ae-a
duo-ae -o, two; do, dare, dedi, to give
Gk. Š ‹ , TŒdeus
typus-i
Tyr-ieci-iectum, rsenus
resero-are
subter; It. sotto, under, below
subeo-ire-li or ivi-itum
subruo-ruere-ruui-rutum, undermine
capire,
mens, mentis,
Erebus-i, Deus-i,
Erebus-i, Deus-i,
nefas, unholy,
Juno, consort of Jupiter
nis,
nisi
resa, resan, resane, rese, resi,
super (SVPER), supro (SVPRV)
resero-are
supra
ce
nobis, to us; It. ce, to us
otor (VTVR)
utor, uti, usus
USuS
utas (FTAS), utin (FTYN)
VeLER (8eLER), VeLER, VeLERE, VeLEREI, VeLERES>
val (8AL), valas (8ALAS)
fi, fia
Vamerias (8AMERIAS),
vanth (VAN )
var (8AR), varar (VARAR), varran (8ARRAN),
vei (8EI), veia (8EIA), veio (8EIV),
FELaR, felara (FELARA) , FELaRA, FELaRE, FELaRI,
velcia (8ELCIA), velces (8ELCES),
felkes; see also velcia
Veltvne (FELTVNE)
Venvs (8ENVS),
vas (8AS), vasei (8ASEI), vasi, (8ASI)
vir (8IR), vira (8IRA), viri (8IRI), virin (8IRIN),
VeRONIA (8eRONIA)
evalta (E 8ALTA),
vas (8AS), vasei (8ASEI), vasi, (8ASI)
Ler, lere, leres, leri
feifes,
evalesco-vescere, possibly valde, intensely
vas, vasis, a utensil; It. vaso, pot, vessel
laurus-i, the laurel; meten. triumph, victory
vivax-acis
VIKiLA (8IKiLA), VIKiLAS (8IKiLAS),
viculus-i, village,
aks
viper (8IPER),
Tre Viper or Treviper (TRE8IPER),
Fipena, Fipinas,
CEOS (CEVS)
vanose (8ANVSE),
volum (8VLVM),
Vosle (8VSLE?)
voto (8VTV), vov (8V8),
folc, fulc (FVLC)
BeLE, BeLeM, Polumik (PVLVMiK), armo
acetum-i, vinegar
viper-ae, viper,
vipera-ae, viper, snake
31
utor, uti, usus
vello, vellere, velli -[volsum], to pull, pluck
valles-is, valley
fio, fieri, factus sum,
vario-are, to vary
Veii-orum
velo-are
Velcha, a town of Campania?
venus-iris, charm, Venus, goddess of love
vas, vasis, a utensil; It. vaso, pot, vessel
vir, viri, a man
Chaos
vanus-a-um, empty, void,
volumen-inis, a scroll, book,
Fiesole,
voveo, vovere, vovi, votum, to vow
Volcanus [Vulc]-i
bello-are, Gk., polemikí, controversy
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Wagon, Cart
War, Polemic, Battle, Army
Wall
Wander, to
Wander, to
Wander, to Err,
Warrior, Soldier,
Warm
Warm, Tepid
Warn, to
Wash, to
Wash, Scrape, Rub
Wasteland, Waste, Desert
Watch, Guard, Protect,
Watch Over,to Regard
Water, Drink, to Drink
Water, to Irrigate
Water, to Irrigate, Wet
Way, Road, Path
Weaken, Undermine, Moderate
Wealth, Power, Abundance
Wealthy, Rich,
Weary, Exhausted
Weary, Exhausted
Weave, to
Web, Earth, Hearth,
Hoe, to Weed
Weep, to Mourn
Well, Fountain, Source
Well, Vigorous
Wet, to be Wet, Steam
What, Which, Who, That, Some
Whatever Kind, Some, Any
Whatever, Whichever, Whoever,
Whatever, Some,
Whatever Way! How!
Wheel
Whey, Milk, Serum
Which, Who, Some, Whoever
Which, Who, What, That, Some
Whichever, Whoever, Whatever
Whoever, Whichever, Whatever
Who, Some, Any,
Who, Whom, Whose, What, Which
Whoever, Whatever
Whole, Total, Entire,
Whole Unit Divided into 12 Parts
Widen, Relax, to Loosen,
Wine
Wine Press, to Press
Wings
Wise, Sage, Prophet, Wisdom
Wish, to Desire
With, To, Towards?
Without, However, Let Alone, But if,
Witness, Arbitrator, Judge,
2-28
1-142
6-13
4-3
11-11
3-136
4-18
6-160
10-35
3-123
5-26
11-54
10-41
10-118
10-104
1-83
8-5
1-83
11-37
9-65
6-70
8-2
4-27
5-20
10-40
10-30
8-43
7-5
6-158
4-12
5-72
3-8
3-82
3-30
2-44
11-7
8-26
9-8
2-1
3-8
3-30
3-30
2-45
3-26
3-55
10-116
1-114
5-9
11-41
7-28
1-58
8-35
9-30
1-42
9-26
1-96
carra
BeLE, BeLeM, PVLVMiK, armi, armai, armai,
mur (MVR), MOReS, MUReS (MVReS)
fak, FAKeR,
Vakos, (8AKVS), vacorent, vage (8AbE), vago
er, err, ere, eres, ero (ERV), err (ERvR), erri, erin
feles
photum (( VTVM)
TeP,
emone, (EMVNE), emones, (EMVNES)
laues (LAFES), lavo, laus, lavan, lavtin, Lavo (LAYO)
carrus-i; wagon, currus-us, chariot,
bello-are, arma-orum;
murus-i, wall,
vagor-ari, to wander
vagor-ari, to wander;
erro-are
veles-itis or velites,
foveo, fovere, fovi, fotum to warm
tepeo-ere,
emoneo-ere
lavo, lavare, lavere, lavi, lotu, lavatum
vr (8R), vra (8RA), vre (8RE),
frio-ere, to rub
tescam,
tutin (TVTIN), tuto (TVTO), tuto (TVTV)
tor, tur (TVR), tora, tura (TVRA), ?
ap, apa, ape, apen, api,
riges (RibES), rigo (RIbV), ricu (RICF),
ap, apa, ape, apen, api; BeR (8eR), beros
via (8IA), or viato (8IATV), vias (8IAS)
subra (SV8RA),
op (VP)
ric, rica,
fese, fesi, see also las, lasier,
tesqua [tesca] orum,
tutor-ari, and tuto-are, to watch, guard,
tuor or tueor,
aqua-ae, Rom. Apa, water
rigo-are,
aqua-ae, Rom., apa, water; It., bere, drink
via-ae, way
subruo-ruere-ruui-rutum, undermine
Ops-Opis, opem, opis, ope, might, wealth
dives-vetis, It. ricco, adj. rich; Fr. riche,
fessus-a-um,
las, LASI, lasier,
lasso-are, make weary
tes, tesi, tesim, tesare,
tel, telos, telus (TELVS),
sar, sari, saris, saro (SARV), sarrom, sarroms
plio (PLIV),
phont,( VNT), phonta, phonte, Phontia
feifes,
matam, matan,
CHE (¯E), CHI (¯i), CHIS (¯IS),
kuelk (KFELK),
citves (CITFES)
cek, ceka, cechasi (CE¯ASI),
texo-texere, textum
tellus-oris, earth; tela-ae, a web in weaving
sario [sario]-ire, -ui and-ivi,
pluo, pluere, weep
fontanus-a-um; fons, fontis, a spring,
vivax-acis
madeo-ere; to steam
quis, (Hittite, kuis, It. chi), who, what, which
Qualisqumque; It. qualque; whatever kind
quivis, quaevis, quidvis;
quacumque [-cunque], It., checche
ut (VT)
ut, how
rot, rota, rotas, rote (RVTE), roteu (RvTEF)
serom (SERVM),
ca, cai,
CHE (¯E), CHI (¯i), CHIS (¯IS),
citves (CITFES)
citves (CITFES)
cei,
CIS, CiS, kis (KIS), kis, CHIS
cum, com, (CVM), kum (KVM)
tuta, tutas, tute, tuthi (TV I), tuthio (TV IV)
as
LaKA,
rota-ae,
serum-i, whey lac-lactis, milk
qui, who, which quae, any, some, who, which,
quis, (Hittite, kuis, It. chi), who, what, which
quivis, quaevis, quidvis;
quivis, quaevis, quidvis;
quae, any, some, qui, who
quis, quid; who? cis,on this side of, within
cum [older version quom]
tutus-a-um, totius, toti, totius,
as-asgis
laxo-are;
vin (FIN), vinum (8INVM),
vinum-i, wine
presse (PReSSE),
alae,
sage (SAbE), sagi (SAbI), saih,
sis, sisi, or sise
ad, cu (CF)?,
sin, sina, sine,
arberture (AR8ERTVRE),
presso-are, to press
ala, ae, wings
sagax-acis, keen, saga-ae, a prohetess,
si vis; see volo; sis = si vis
ad, to, towards,
sin; but if ; sino, sinere, sivi, situm, let alone
arbiter-tri,
32
Copeland-English-Etruscan-Latin Index to Indo-European Table
Witness, to Bear Witness, Testify
Witness, Martyr,
Woe!
Wood, a Wood, Tree, Grove, Forest
Wool, Fleece
Wool, Yarn
Worthy , Great,
Wound, Kidney,
Write, Engrave, Written, Inscribed
Yes
Year
Yesterday
Yield, to Go,
Yoke, Tighten, Join, Series
Yoke, to Bind (See also Horse)
You, to You,
You, to you, Yourself
Young Boy, Cherob,
Your, Yours, Thy
Youth, Young Adult
Zeus
XII, Numeral Twelve
10-43
5-70
3-112
6-23
4-23
5-14
5-40
7-47
8-57
11-1
1-78
4-92
2-65
9-6
4-103
10-2
10-3
7-6
10-4
6-142
9-14
testre, testro (TESTRV),
Marten, martir,
ei,
namo (NAMV)
felus, felos (FELVS), lan, lane, LANTeS,
testor-ar
testor-ari, to bear witness, It. martire, martyr
ai! oh! ei
nemus-oris
velus-eris, fleece, skin, hide
lane, LANTeS,
lanatus-a-um, wool- bearing
fel, VEL, MAXIMAS (MAÄIMAS),
ran, rane, ranes, RANeS, rani, rano (RANV)
scriato, (SCRIATV)
uk, ok (VK),
anna, anas, ane, ani,
ier, ieri,
ceto (CETV),
ser, SeRAN, SEReN, serev, seri, sero, serut
iuc, (IVC), iuce, iuces, iuci, iucie, iuco,(IVCV),iuka,
valo-are, to be strong, (Hittite, wali, great) etc.
renes-um, kidneys; Rom. r ni, RAN , wound,
scripo, scribere, It. scritta, inscription;
ita (ese), etiam; Fr. oui, oc (S. Fr.), yes
annus, anni
heri,
cedo, cedere, cessi, cessum
sero-serere, serui, sertum
ugo-are
TE, Te
TI,
te, you Acc., Abl.; It. a te, Fr. te, you
tibi, 2nd pers. Dat.; It. ti, to you, Fr. à toi
polesi (PVLESI), polem (PVLEM)
tu (TV), thu (QV), thus, thos (QvS)
peub (PEF8)
Seus, Seos (SEVS),
XII etc.
puellus-i, a little boy
tu, tui, tuus-a-um
pubes-is
Gk.
Zeus
Copyright © 1981-2019 Mel
Copeland. All rights reserved.
33
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Ind...
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http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table.html
08.16.19 Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases – Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE):
Etruscan_Phrases
Indo-European Table 1
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Table 1 Index (Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table 1)
This table began as a comparison of Etruscan words to other Indo-European words, and it is clear that the linkage to Etruscan illuminates some new patterns in Indo-European word
relationships. Perhaps in the final analysis of this work we will learn more about the placement of certain languages within the Indo-European family. More so, it may be that Etruscan
provides us a bridge into the past, allowing us to see the formative stage of some of the languages. After all, Etruscan is a language frozen in time, having been unread and untouched, as it
were, for these past two thousand years. The reader should also note that the Etruscan vocabulary upon which this table is based is a working vocabulary. It is composed from extant
Etruscan writings. The table is not, therefore, an artificial compilation of word relationships of one language to another; rather it is an exposé. I have exposed two classifications or orders
of languages which have an affinity to Etruscan. The first order I have colored in red to expose western Indo-European, Latin relationships. Another order I have colored in blue to expose
Indo-European languages favoring an eastern relationship. The blue links may, in fact, expose an older, perhaps Eastern, branch which would have included Greek, Sanskrit, Etruscan,
French/Gaelic and Albanian sources. Those words colored in green show a group that appears to be in the middle of the original Indo-European family based in the steppes of Russia, north
of the Black Sea. Although the traditional view in classifying Indo-European languages is through the assortment of Satem and Centum languages, this table may put that order in question,
particularly with regard to Albanian and French. The table will continue to grow in length as more words from the Etruscan vocabulary are added. The table has been summarized as
Indo-European Table 1.
It should be noted that the foundation of the Etruscan vocabulary is based upon the isolation of individual words and phrases – without at first regard for meaning – and the
establishment of grammatical patterns, where shifts in the affix of words could be discerned. These shifts resembled the Indo-European declension pattern, and the over-all pattern was –
and continues to be – that of a language very closely related to Latin.
The next step in analyzing the Etruscan scripts was to apply a comparative translation to Latin, French, Italian and English; the result being the Vocabulary / Glossary. Once a working
vocabulary had been established, allowing consistent translations of words and phrases from one script to another, creation of this table became feasible. And as this table takes form a
more refined translation of the Etruscan scripts will be obtained. While Etruscan is a dead language and there is no Rosetta Stone available so far, to assist in the translation, we do know
that a fair translation is possible with confirmation of consistent shifts from the related languages to Etruscan.
What is also quite evident through this table is the proximity a language may have to Etruscan. When we see what appears to be a "borrowed word" in Etruscan from another language,
we realize that any borrowing that may have taken place in the exchange would have occurred more than two thousand years ago. Again, the Etruscan language ceased to exist by the time
of Cicero. No one in his time could speak or read Etruscan. Yet, he took pride in his Etruscan heritage. He was born 106 BC, in Arpinum, Latium (now Arpino, Italy) and died Dec. 7, 43
BC.
No language is separate from its artifacts, and perhaps the most significant artifact we can realize from an ancient civilization is its own record. The Etruscan tombs left enormous
treasures, filling museums and private collections world wide, but in spite of all the beautiful works they left behind, there is no curator alive today who can tell you what the Etruscans
actually thought. A curator or teacher can quote Cicero, perhaps the greatest Roman statesman, but no curator or educator can quote a writing of one of his ancestors. But now we are in a
position to do that.
This table sheds light on a curious, often repeated phrase involving the appellation, ATIIERI, ATIIERIE, ATIIERIV, etc. The appellation appeared to be, "Ati gerius" and I translated it
as being the ancestoral patriarch Attis/Atys of Lydia, and the devotees in the script being the sons/daughters of Atys. Applying the Albanian word for father, Ate, and Albania njeri,
beginning, leaves also the translation, "father of the beginning," i.e., god. Atys, the consort of the mother-goddess Cybele, was a vegetation god of Asia Minor (Phrygia) who symbolized
rebirth and the renewal of the seasons. The diety became popular in Rome in the 2nd century AD. Atys, a king of Lydia, is also the name of the father of Tyrhsenus, who led half of the
Lydians in their realm to Italy, as a result of a drought following the Trojan war. The Greeks called the Etruscans by the name of Tyrrhenians or Tyrsenians, after the name of the Etruscan
leader, Tyrsenus.
When we attempt to reconstruct the diffusion of the Indo-European populations from the steppes north of the Black Sea into Europe and Asia, we have very few things to use. There are
artifacts and myths, and if we are lucky a sample of their clothing and corporal remains. We can reconcile those things to the historical records ancient writers, such as Herodotus, left
behind. We also have the corpus of sacred texts from various groups. In India there are the Vedas, written in Sanskrit, a dead language (like Latin) that recites stories dating circa. 1,200
BC. The verbal record of Homer, the "Iliad," dating from about 600 BC, tells a little about the Mycennean civilization and the great war involving Troy, a story dating from about 1,200
BC. Furthermore, we have the Persian sacred texts called the Avesta, or Zend-avesta, which is the sacred book of Zoroaster, a Persian prophet of 628 BC that expand our knowledge of the
Indo-European peoples. The Mycennean civilization left a body of scripts, known to us as "Linear B," which turns out to be a corpus of tablets, dating about 1,200 B.C., found in ancient
Greek fortifications containing inventories and communications involving warfare. Archeological remains of cities from 1,200 BC to about 800 BC reflect a Mediteranean littoral under
siege. The ancestors of the Indo-Europeans were quite warlike and continue their warring tradition to this day. Their religion reflected this.
Perhaps in their struggle to eke out a livlihood as a pastoral folk, the ancestors of the Indo-Europeans became more philosophical about life, death, duty and patronage and the affects
man could have upon the gods who seemed to control all things. Living in small clans and villages they were destined to be more democratic, relying upon a council of elders to regulate
their routines. Heading up each group would be an elected chief or regent.
Among the earliest Indo-Europeans were the Kurgan folk who lived on the steppes north of the Black Sea about 3,500 BC, arriving in the Aegean and Adriatic regions about 2,300 BC.
The Kurgans buried their dead in mounds, or barrows. The word kurgan means “barrow,” or “artificial mound,” in Turkic and Russian. A similar people were the Scythians, a red-headed
people whom Herodotus describes in considerable detail. They also practiced mound burials, and the practice spread to Italy, among the Etruscans, and up the western coast of Europe,
from Spain to Britain and Germany. The remains of many of their barrows, which have been eroded, can be seen as dolmens to this day. These people spent a lot of their time piling up
stones, creating great stone alignments and barrows, the most famous of which is Stonehenge, dating from about 3,000 BC. Along the Mediterranean littoral the Indo-Europeans built great
cities, the earliest of which were of the Hittites, whose capital, Hattusus, was just north of what is now Ankara, Turkey. They became a dominant power by 1,340 BC., involving
themselves in a great battle, the battle of Kadesh, with Egypt (Seti I and Ramses II) in 1299 BC. By 1190 BC, about the time of the Trojan war, the Hittite empire ceased to exist.
While it is tempting to think that all of the "barrow" folk were Indo-Europeans, there are barrows, or dolemns, found in many places of Asia, including Korea and Japan. Some of the
people who left these barrows, beginning about 5,000 B.C., may be Indo-European kin-folk.
The languages selected for comparison to Etruscan include the peoples discussed above. We include in our survey the Hindu language, Sanskrit, Avestan (early Persian), Hurrian,
Urartian, Akkadian, Persian, Belarussian, Croatian, Serbo-Croatian, Polish, Sudovian (believed to be an old Baltic language), Latvian, Romanian, Finnish-Uralic, Greek, Armenian,
Albanian (also believed to be an old branch of the Indo-Europeans), Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Breton Gaelic, Welsh, Italian, French, Tocharian, Lydian, Lycian, Palaic, Luvian, Hittite and
English. English serves a particular measure in the comparison since it contains many borrowed words from the Germanic, Gaelic and "Romance" languages. The foundation of English is
low German and its relationship to Albanian in the working vocabulary of this table is interesting. In the early formation of this table Romanian, was added, courtesy of Constantin Cucu,
whose contribution we have recorded as etruscan_glossaryA-Constantin.xls. Over time we were able to access dictionaries on the internet (many have come and gone, as it were) that were
used to compile this table. The basic glossary, Etruscan_glossaryA.xls is the most current document used in this table for the Etruscan language.
Because of current research into the comparison of Finnish-Uralic, Georgian (Kartvelian), Hurrian (the language of the Mittani), Urartian and Akkadian, Basque, to the Indo-European
family, we have inserted words from these groups as available. We have colored words that are similar to the Indo-European words. Words in blue could be related to Sanskrit, those in red
we relate to Latin/Etruscan those in Green tend to represent Western European (Celtic, Germanic/English, Slavic, Baltic, Finnish-Uralic. Other relationships are shown in purple and ochre
that tend to refer to the Hittite and Akkadian languages. The colors facilitate visualization of the various mixing of the languages cited (as much as possible). To open the next section of
this table click here, section Table1A.
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Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian. Except for family relationships and numbers this table is alphabetical (see the Etruscan column)
See also Etruscan Phrases – Glossary.html
Sanskrit
Avestan, Persian
Georgian, Hurian,
Akkadian
Slavic, Baltic, Romanian,
Finnish-Uralic
Greek Armenian*
Albanian, Basque
Latin
barethrishva [barethri],
mother
(Avestan)
mâdar,
mother
(Persian)
, deda, mother
(Georgian),
matR^i, maataa, ambaa;
zuzU, mother.
n ra, mother (Hurrian)
amma, mother,
ammatu, a name for
mother, *immû, a
synonym for mother,
em tu, mother-in-law
(Akkadian)
sine,
breast, bosum.
pestan,
breast, tit,
udder (Persian)
, mkerdis, breast,
, t’it’, tit (Georgian)
vaksas, uras, breast, uraska,
adj. breast; stana, the breast
of a woman; kuca, the female
breast
ne€erni, breast, neyer-ni,
zizzi, breast (Hurrian)
irtu, breast, breastbone,
breast strap (of a
harness), chest,
pectoral, scute (of a
snake), a type of song,
muššu, breast, breastshaped object, irtu,
teat, udder, tulû, breast,
teat, a spout or funnel
(Akkadian)
pitar, patar,
ptar, father
(Avestan)
pedar,
father
pedari kardan [verb]
(Persian)
; baba, father
, tsinapari,
ancestor,
, mama,
father (Georgian)
pita, pitaa
pitR^i, father
attai, father (Hurrian)
abu, abi, father,
abb tu, father's status
and legal power,
murabbânu, fosterfather, emu, fatherin-law, son-in-law,
husband’s sister, son of
wife’s sister, l qû,
foster-father
(Akkadian)
bhratar, bhraatR^i bhraataH
br tar, Avestan
dadär; barâdar,
²³´
, maci, mother
(Belarusian)
maci, matka, mother
(Belarus)
maika, mama, mother
(Croatian)
majka, mother
(Serbo-Croatian)
matka, mother (Polish)
mate, mother
(Baltic-Sudovian)
m te, mother (Latvian)
mam , mami, mother
(Romanian)
äiti (s: female (human)
who parents a child,
mama, mama
(Finnish-Uralic)
•‚ƒ„… , hrudzi, breast,
† ‡ , cycki, tit, ˆ† ‰,
vymia, udder (Belarusian)
hrudzi [f.pl.], chest, breast,
sjenica, tit (Belarus)
pectus, breast, cit, tit,
vime, udder (Croatian)
piers, breast, cycek, tit,
wymiŠ, udder (Polish)
kr‹ts, breast, zŒle, tit,
tesme•a, udder (Latvian)
sân, breast, piŽigoi, tit,
uger, udder (Romanian)
rinta, breast; tissi, tit, utare,
udder (Finnish-Uralic)
¥ ¦‡ , ba§ka, father,
¥ ¦‡ ¨©ª†«ƒ,
ba§ka¬-®ynu, fatherland
(Belarusian)
aciec, aciec, baçka, father
(Belarus)
otac, father, domovina,
fatherland (Croatian)
tavas, father, (BalticSudovian)
te.tis, father
(Baltic-Lithuanian)
t vs, father, t vzeme,
fatherland (Latvian)
tat , father, PATRIE,
fatherland (Romanian)
isä, father, isänmaa,
fatherland
(Finnish-Uralic)
¥‚ µ, brat, brother
(Belarusian)
brat, brother (Belarus)
, mamá, mitera, mother
(Greek)
, mayrik, mama,
, mayry, mother
(Armenian)
mama, mama, mëmë, parent,
nënë, mother
(Albanian)
mater, matris,
mother,
mamma-ae,
breast
mamillia-ae,
breast, teat
ama, mother, (Basque)
breast, ••‘•— , chtýpima,
tit, ˜•™š›œ, stíthos, breast,
˜•óœ •ž›Ÿ, mastós zóou, udder
(Greek)
¡ ¢£, kurtsk’, breast, bosom,
udder, ¤ ¤, tit, tit (Armenian)
kraharor; gjoks, chest, breast,
gji; breast, gji, tit, sisë, udder
(Albanian)
bularreko, breast (Basque)
mamma-ae,
breast
other
máthair, mama, mother
(Irish)
màthair, mama, mother
(Scott)
fam, mama, mother
(Welsh)
madre, mamma, mother
(Italian)
mer, maman, mother
(French)
mácar, mother
(Tocharian)
êna, mother (Lydian)
matar, mother
(Phrygian)
xñna, a mother, ne/i-,
mother (Lycian)
annas, ana, mother,
anawan/i, stepmother,
aniadr/anian,
motherhood (Hittite)
cíche, breast, tit, tit, úth,
udder (Irish) bràiste,
breast, tit, tit, ùth, udder
(Scott)
brest-iau, breast, chest;
bron -nau, nydd, breast;
dwyfron nau, breast,
chest, titw, tit, gadair,
udder Welsh)
petto, breast,
tetta-i, tit, mammella,
udder (Italian)
mamelle, breast,
mésange, tit, pis, udder
(French)
English
Etruscan
mamu or mami
(MAMY) Script
XM-5
mater, XB-8 XB-10,
XB-12
Mamu, name?
mum, mom,
momma, ma,
mother?
mother [<OE
modor];
1-1
breast [<OE
breost]
1-2
matra, Script R426,
matro, matru,
(MATRV),
Script R487
matrob (MATRO8),
Script R459
mam, Script M67;
mamar, Script
AD-1
mamu, or mami
(MAMY) XM-5
t tan, teta(n), breast
(Hittite)
• •¯° œ, patéras, pater, tetta, father
(Greek)
pater-tris, father
±
, hayry, father (Armenian)
patria-ae [f],
baba, ate, father (Albanian)
fatherland
father [<OE
faeder],
fatherland
1-3
pacar, father,
(Tocharian)
taada=, father (Lydian)
tedi, tede/i- father,
teTTi, paternal
(Lycian)
papa, father (Palaic)
atta-, tata/i/dada/i, father
(Luvian) abi, abu,
atta, attas, #tati, father,
tatuana, stepfather,
atala/tala, fatherly,
paternal (Hititte)
aita, father (Basque)
¶·¸¹óœ, adelfós, ¶·°¹óœ,
aderfós, brother, ¹°º•™°, phr t»r,
athair, father, athartha,
fatherland (Irish)
athair-ar, father, athair,
fatherland (Scott)
athair, father,
tad-au, fatherland
(Welsh)
tad, father (Breton)
padre, father;
patria [f], fatherland
(Italian)
père, father,
patrie [f], fatherland;
tête, head, leader,
summit (French)
frater-tris
brother, fratres,
fraternitas-atis,
bràthair, pl. bràithrean,
bràthaireil, brother
(Irish)
brother [<OE
brothor]
1-5
patir (PATYR),
XM-11,
patre, Script Q53,
Q162, Q171, Q209,
Q243, Q416
patrebum,
(PATRE8VM)
Script R258 )
See also, TETA,
J42-9, teto
(TETV), Q200,
R294; J36-13, head,
baba, Script XA-25,
XE-1,
ate, N160, N349,
Q44, XV-7, R122
ates, N462, R359,
XA-1, XN-1 atia,
AN-5, BS-7, DE-5
ati, Q-11, AM-5,
J42-14, atie, BS-22
brater (8rater),
Script
R-1, R100, R156,
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bràthair, brother (Scott)
brawd ((brodyr), brother,
friar, berethren (Welsh)
breur, breudeur, brother
(Breton)
fratello, brother (Italian)
frère, brother (French)
brother (Persian)
, dzma, brother,
dzmebi, brothers
(Georgian)
,
-ena, brother (Hurrian)
š lu, brother, at nu,
brother-in-law,
son-in-law, bridegroom,
relative by marriage,
a
tu, brotherly
relationship, salsaja,
brother or son, third in
age, ta mu, close or
beloved brother,
šešgallu, elder brother,
a priest (Akkadian)
brat, brother (SerboCroatian)
brat, brother (Polish)
brate, brother; bratrikai,
brothers (Baltic-Sudovian)
brolis, brother (Lithuanian)
br lis, brother (Latvian)
FRATE, brother FRA¼I,
brothers (Romanian) veli,
brother (Finnish-Uralic)
brother Greek)
½¾¿
, W-yeghpatr;
E-aghper, brother (Armenian)
vëlla, brother (Albanian)
anaia, brother (Basque)
fraternus-a-um
bra', brother (Illyrian)
pracar, brother
(Tocharian)
brafrer, brother, member
of a commune,
(Lydian)
n ne/i-: brother,
epñn ne/i-, younger
brother (Lycian)
nanahit, brotherhood
(Luvian)
MS-14
BRATeR
(8RATeR), Script
R164, G-1
bratro (8ATRV)
Script Q243, Q294,
R88, R565, G16
bratrom,
(8RATRVM) Script
Q320
bratros
(8RATRVS), Script
Q424, Q468, Q521,
Q551, R229
šes, SEŠ, ŠEŠ, brother,
nekna, nene/i , brother,
neknadr/neknan,
nanahit, brotherhood,
neknahh, brotherly, to
regard someone as a
brother, neknah, to
make someone a
brother, nani(a), of a
brother, pranekna?,
half-brother,
step-brother
DUMU.MUNUS, brother
(Hittite)
nan ndÀ, sister-in law; svasr,
bhaginŒ, sister
khâhar, ³Á²Âà sister
(Persian)
, dis, sister
(Georgian)
ĉĵ‚ , siastra, sister
(Belarusian)
siastra, sister
(Belarus)
l-a, ela, sister (Hurrian) sestra, sister (Croatian)
sestra (Serbo
Croatian)
a tu, sister, a tûtu,
adopted sister, talimtu, siostra, sister (Polish)
seser, sister (Baltc
close or beloved sister,
kallatu, sister-in-law,
Lithuanian)
daughter-in-law, bride
m sa, sister (Latvian)
(Akkadian)
SORÅ, sister (Romanian)
sisko, sister (FinnishUralic)
¶·¸¹™, adelfi, sister (Greek)
£ ¡ , k’uyry, sister (Armenian)
motër, sister (Albanian)
soror-oris, sister deirfiúr, sister (Irish)
sier, sister (Old Irish)
piuthar, sister (Scott)
chwaer (chwiorydd),
sister (Welsh)
c'hoar, -ezed, sister
(Breton)
suora, nun, sorella,
sister (Italian)
soeur, sister (French)
sister [<OE
sweostor]
1-5a
s.ar, sister (Tocharian)
nere/i, sister (Lycian)
neri(je)- , sisterly
(Mylian)
sor, sur (SVR)
Script Z170, Z197,
Z272, Z327, Z347,
Z357, Z378, Z412,
Z1016, Z1040,
Z1797, Z1825,
AN12, N738, R286
sorom, surom
(SVRVM),
Script N670,
N700;
SVRvM, Script
AN42
nega, #nega, neka,
sister, nekadr,
sisterhood, NIN,
nanasri, ananeka,,
MUNUS KU, sister,
nanasria, of a sister,
sopinika, pure sister
(Hittite)
puthra [-] son, child
(Avestan)
farzand, ÆÇÈ³É child, son,
daughter, pesar, ³ son,
zâd, ²È boy, son, birth
(Persian)
tá siad, son, buachaill,
boy (Irish)
mac, son (Scott)
maen nhw, son, ab (ap)
son; bachgen (bechgyn)
boy, son, lad, mab
(meibion) boy, son, man,
male (Welsh)
maab, son (Breton)
figlio, son (Italian)
fils, son (French)
, shvili, son
(Georgian)
fudki, futqi, fit qi- (from
fud-, create, beget),
wutqi / wit qi, son
(Hurrian)
putrau, son, aatmaja,
kishora tanuuja, suta
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r , *mer’u, son, ,
kudurru, a word for
son, ridu, a word for
son, persecution, proper
attitude, common sense,
driving, leak?, m ru,
son (used as a form of
address to a subordinate
or by a subordinate
when referring to
himself or in private
letters as expression of
affection), offspring,
young, offspring of an
animal, darling, lover,
subordinate, employee,
native, etc., aplu, son,
heir, oldest son, at nu,
son-in-law, brotherin-law, bridegroom,
relative by marriage,
emu, son-in-law, fatherin-law, husband’s sister,
son of wife’s sister,
m ru, in la m ru,
„ʉ, dlia, son (Belarusian)
syn, son (Belarus)
oni su, son (Croatian)
syn, son (Polish)
sin, son (Serbo-Croatian)
sunus, son; vaikas,
boy helper
(Baltic-Sudovian)
tie ir, son (Latvian)
fiu, son (Romanian)
poika, son (Finnish-Uralic)
ŸËóœ, gios, son (Greek)
, vordin, son
(Armenian)
bir, dialé (Albanian)
seme, son (Basque)
se, soyä, son
(Tocharian)
filius, son
nepos, grandson side/i- (?), son-in-law,
tideime/i-, child, son,
kzzãta, son? (Lycian)
son [<OE sunu]
grandson
1-5
filos, filus
(filvs),Script AN-1;
filoi, filui (filvi),
Script L44
nepos, Script F13
DUMU.NITA, son,
DUMU, son, child,
ntiant, ntiandadr/
ntiandan, son-in-law,
#namuwai, a son
(Hittite)
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ungrateful son, person,
agašgû, youngest son,
youngster, novice,
m r tu, sonship, status
of a natural or adoped
son or daughter, status
of a vassal, m r m ri,
grandson, salsaja,
brother or son, third in
age (Akkadian)
„ ª‡ , da®ka, daughter,
dota, daughter (Avestan)
dukhdha [duxdhar]'
doxtär,³ Ã daughter,
snahar, Ì daughterin-law (Persian)
, asuli, daughter,
, rdzali,
daughter-in-law
(Georgian)
duhitÀ, daughter
aatmajaa, kishori
tanayaa duhitaa,
sutaa
dacka, docki, pl., daughter
(Belarus)
k§i, daughter, snaha,
daughter-in-law (Croatian) Ïó°—, kóri, thygatera,
Б¹—, nýfi, daughter-in-law
córka, daughter, synowa,
daughter-in-law (Polish)
dukte, daughter (BalticSudovian)
sÍl , daughter (Urartian) meita, daughter, vedekla,
- l-a, -ali, -ala, daughter,
daughter-in-law (Latvian)
-al(a)=arde, daughtership
(Hurrian)
mertu, daughter,
m rtu, daughter, young
girl or woman, kallatu,
daughter-in-law, bride,
sister-in-law, kall tu,
daughter-in-law, status
of woman living in a
household other than
her father's, t pal tu,
oldest daughter
(Akkadian)
mi, [me] main, [mine]
(Avestan)
maibyô [ma]
(my), mâvôya
[ma], mãm
[azem] (me)
(Persian)
, me, (Georgian)
mayaa, mayi,
me (mine),
maaM (me)
maamakaM
(from me)
svaaM (of myself)
«‰ˆÎĵ‡ , niaviestka,
daughter-in-law
(Belarussian)
-ukÍ, -o- , me, -mÍ, -me,
to me, -dÍ, suffix, me
(Urartian)
-o-, -u-, Ôo-, Ôu-, me,
-u-u-we, mine, -u-ú-ta,
-u-da, to me, '-iffÍ,
-iff -, -iffu-suffix, my,
'-tta, -d, '-tta, -t, me,
encl. pron., -ura, with
me (Hurrian)
fiic , daughter, nor ,
daughteri-law
(Romanian)
tytär, daughter, miniä,
daughter-in-law
(Finnish-Uralic)
(Greek)
Ñ ¡Ò¤ , dustry, daughter,
Ó
Ò, hars, daughter-in-law
(Armenian)
bijë, vajzë, daughter, kunatë,
daughter-in-law (Albanian)
alaba, daughter (Basque)
iníon, daughter, iníoni-dlí, daughter-in-law
(Irish)
nighean, daughter, cèilecèile, daughter-in-law
(Scott)
merche-ed, girl,
daughter, maid,
woman,merch yng
fila-ae,
nghyfraith, daughterin-law (Welsh)
daughter,
merc'h,-ed, daughter
nurus-usm
(Breton)
daughter-in-law, figlia, daughter, nuora,
young woamn
daughter-in-law
(Italian)
fille, daughter, bellefille, daughter-in-law
(French)
asmAkam,
asm ka, our, ours
See also NORA
(NVRA), NORE
(NVRE)
DUMU.MUNUS, girl,
daughter, MUNUS KU,
NIN, sister (Hittite)
«Î, mnie, me, © Õµ ,
-achta, mine (Belarusian)
mi, me, rudnik, mine
(Croatian)
mnie, me, mój, mine
(Polish)
men, min, meim (i),
maja (i), my
(Baltic-Sudovian)
mani, me, raktuves, mine
(Latvian)
m , mie, me, myself, pe
mine, me, a mea, mine
(Romanian)
minulle, me, kaivos, mine
(Finnish-Uralic)
Ú, ja, I, Ä , sam, myself
(Belarusian)
, me, I,
,
ja, I, sebe, myself
tviton, myself
(Croatian)
(Georgian)
ja, I, siebie, myself (Polish)
es,
I, sevi, myself (Latvian)
'-ukÍ, -uka- , my,
eu,
I, eu insumi, myself
suffix, -uka-, -uki-, -ki- ,
(Romanian)
Encl. Pron., my, 1st
Pers. suffix (Urartian)
mina, I, itse, myself
iste, -ove, 1st Pers.;
(Finnish-Uralic)
-iffÍ, -iff -, -iffu-, my,
1st Pers. suffix, fe, feve
2nd Pers., you (Hurrian)
nô [azem], ahmâkem
[azem], us, our
(Avestan)
daughter [<OE
dohtor]
1-6
ckácar, tkácer, daughter
(Tocharian)
cbatru, daughter
(Lycian)
›Ÿ, mou, me, ¶ËÏ›œ ›Ÿ, dikos
mou, mine (Greek)
Ö×, indz, me,
(Armenian)
, imy, mine
mua, më, ma,
më, me, imja, mine (Albanian)
dom, me, mo, my,
mianach, mine (Irish)
agam, at me; chugam,
domh, to me; mi, I &
me, mo, my (Scott)
fi, fy ('m, 'n), i, mi, myfi,
pwll, mine (Welsh)
me, I, me (Breton)
me, me, meco, with me,
il mio, mine (Italian)
me, me,
me, me, moi, mine
meus-a-um, my, (French)
mine
êmi, mine (Lydian)
amu, êmu, êmi, mu I,
me, my (Carian)
amu, I, me (Lycian)
mu, to, for me, (Palaic)
mu, mi, to, for me, mu,
I, me (Luvian)
ammuk, me, am-mu, I,
me, mu, Dat. to me, mi,
mis, yah (Hittite)
niri, me, ni, me, I (Basque)
I, ies (Avestan)
azem, man, Ù I, xod,
khod, ÂÃ myself
(Persian)
aham
file, Script Z629,
AH-1, CBK-1,
« ©, na-, our
(Belarusian)
·Ûž, ego, I, ·Ûž › ܶ˛œ, egó o ídios,
myself (Greek)
½Ò, Yes, I, Ö×, indz, to me, Ö£Ò
Ö×, ink’s indz, myself (Armenian)
ego
unë, I (Albanian)
niri, me, ni, me, I (Basque)
œ, mas, emas, our (Greek)
Ý , mer, our (Armenian)
Mé, I, féin, myself
(Irish)
mise, I, mi fhìn, myself
(Scott)
fi, i, I, fi fy hun, myself
(Welsh)
unan, I (Breton)
io, I, me stessa, myself
(Italian)
je , I, moi même, myself
(French)
by me, to me,
me, my [< OE
min], me
[<OE me],
mine
[<OE min],
myself
1-7
I [<OE ic],
pronoun
1-8
amu, emu, I, me
(Lycian)
mu, I (Mylesian)
mu, I, me (Luvian)
uk, am-mu, mu, I, me,
ukila, I, myself (Hittite)
nos
ár, our (Irish)
againn, our (Scott)
our [<OE ure]
1-9
mi, me, mia; me,
mine; mek, of me,
from me, Script
N74, N112, N139,
N173 N206, N216,
N230, Q311, Q326,
Q452, MECH
(MEØ), Script
Q521, Q784, Q795,
Q806, Q813, Q829,
Q837, Q863, Q871,
TC214, Au18,
PO-5, Au18
iko (IKV); Q433,
Q442, Q481, N11,
N41, N139, N216,
N230, N244, N491,
N513, N549, N573,
N600, N625, N656,
N699, N729 see
un, une, uni,
uno (vn - vnv)?
nos (NVS)
Script AN-19, T-4,
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barâye mâ, nô [azem],
our, mâ, our (Persian)
, ch’veni, our
(Georgian)
mâle mâ -mân, our
(Hurrian)
nû, our, belonging to
us, innû, ours
(Akkadian)
na-e, our (Croatian)
nasz, our (Polish)
nusun, our
(Baltic-Sudovian)
m‹su, our (Latvian)
al NOSTRU, our
(Romanian)
meidän, our
(Finnish-Uralic)
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ein, our (Welsh)
hon, hor, hol, our
(Breton)
noi, us, we; nostro,
nostri, nostra, nostre, our
(Italian)
notre, our, nous, we, us;
nos, our (French)
tonë, jonë, ynë, our
(Albanian)
gure, our (Basque)
VP-4,
(PARTVNVS?),
XW-4
ione? Script Q607,
Q253, R219
ionas? Script Au76
un, une, uni,
uno (vn - vnv)?
sumi/suma/sume, LI
NI, our, (Hittite)
azem, Avestan
xod, ÂÃ self, xis, xixtan,
self (Persian)
, t’vit’, self
(Georgian)
féin, self (Irish)
fhèin, self (Scott)
hun, hunan (hunain),
self (Welsh)
unan, self (Breton)
-si, meco, refl.
pron., self (Italian)
se, meme, refl.
pron., self (French)
e-di (Hurrian)
sva
napištu, self, animals
counted in a herd, body,
persons of menial
status, personnel,
capital case, nobody,
somebody, person,
living beings, good
health, vitality, vigor,
life, breath, livelihood,
etc., qaqqadu, self,
person, head (as part, a
of the body), head of an
organization, leader,
top, etc., q tu, self,
paw, handle, hand,
person, power of gods,
authority, possession,
custody, charge, care,
control, jurisdiction,
handiwork,
workmanship, etc.,
p tu, self, person,
trapezoid, before, in
accordance with, on
account of, beside, etc.,
l nu, self, stature of
persons, shape, size,
person, body,
configuration of objects,
appearance, figure, bod
(Akkadian)
Ä , sam, self
(Belarusian)
ja, sam, self
(Serbo-Croatian)
sam, self (Croatian)
samego siebie, self
(Polish)
-si, refl. self
(Baltic-Sudovian)
sevi, self (Latvian)
de sine, self (Romanian_
itse, minä, minuus
(Finnish-Uralic)
· Ÿ•óœ, eaftós, self (Greek)
Ö£ , ink’y, self (Armenian)
vete, uni, self
(Albanian)
se, sese, sibi,
sui
auto, norbera, self (Basque)
dve (two), dvi (two, both)
„… «, adzin, one
(Belarusian)
adzin, one (Belarus)
jedan, one (Croatian)
išt štu, one, once, at the covek, they: ona, oni, one,
first time, first, išt n,
(Serbo-Croatian)
indef. art. one, unique,
jeden, one (Polish)
outstanding, first, for
ainas, one (Balticthe first time, red š,
Sudovian)
adv., one after the other,
in succession, aha aha, vienu, one (Latvian)
unu, one (Romanian)
one-by-one, dišam,
yksi (Finnish-Uralic)
one-by-one, adv.,
individually, išt nâ,
one-by-one, one apiece,
once, singly, išt nutu,
once, for the first time,
išt nâ, once,
one-by-one, one apiece,
singly (Akkadian)
-in(a) / -in(i), -ine-,
two, t-in(i), wo? two
(Hurrian/Urartian)
šina, two, šana, two
each, two by two,
kilall n, two, pair, both,
pron (Akkadian)
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two [<OE twa],
twice [<OE
twiga] 1-12
tua, (TFA) Script
AH-3, K152, D-12
tue, (TFE) Script
Z1024, Z1846
tue (TVE)
Script Q70
tuo (TVO) ON-2
du (Script F)?
un, adj. (Welsh)
aon, (Irish)
unan (Breton)
un. uno, una
(Italian)
un (French)
-ukki, -ukko, one, once
(Hurrian)
, ori, two (Georgian)
one [<OE an]
1-11
un, on (vn);Z54,
Z206, Z913, Z980,
Z1041, Z1057,
Z1586, Z1607,
Z1623, N681,
N714, J29, Au86,
AF-1, AN49,
PO-14, J26-3
(Hittite)
, ert’i, one
(Georgian)
dva [-] bish, adv.
twice, double
(Avestan)
do, ò two (Persian)
self [<OE self]
refl. pron.,
same [<ON
samr], identical
1-10
uk? -a-, him, her, it
-an, him, her, it
-ssi, he, she, it
-ssi-> he, she, it
-si-, him, her it
-sis, -ssi, his, her, its
-sse, -ssett, his
- U, his, her, -ZU, his
aêva, ôyum, one
(Avestan)
yek, Þß number one,
-akhå, æîï person, one,
nimber one, body, fellow
(Persian)
eka, ekaM, ekaH
ñcäm, self, pron.
(Tocharian)
s'fa (refl. pron.
Lydian)
sfes, refl. pron.
(Carian)
uwe, a person,
atla-/atra-, atrã/atru,
person, self, uedri, a
community
(Lycian)
atrale/i-, one's own
(Mylian)
sa, ScriptZ522,
Z842, Z1317,
TC28, TC201,
TC229, TC304,
K103, Au17,
AN30, TC28, J42-5
Se, MS13, S-2,
K61, K125, Z24,
R147, TC288,
TC290, Au-102,
J40-16, Script
se, Script Z77,
Z102, Z1310, K11,
K122, Q59, Q64,
Q75, Q90, Q805,
R26, R127, BT31,
Au40, BB-3, J35-6
sese, Script Q424,
Q661, Q767
si, Script Q56,
Q283, Q303, , R53,
R195, G13, G45,
R176, TC179, K46,
K52, M50, AB-6,
AN-53, PG-1,
ZB-1, Z79, Z104,
Z139, R176, Z975
„ˆ , dva, two (Belarusian)
dva, two (Belarus)
dva, two (Croatian)
dva, dve, dvoje, two
(Serbo-Croatian)
dvai, two (BalticSudovian)
divi, two (Latvian)
Dou , two (Romanian_
kakkonen, twu
(Finnish-Uralic)
enas, one (Greek)
Ý , meky, one (Armenian)
një, one; njëri, pron. (Albanian)
unnus-a-um
bat, one (Basque)
sas, se, s.eme,
sana, one (Tocharian)
sñta, one (Lycian)
tsinðtsin, one, one
hand and the other
(Luvian)
kuisk, * s, one,
si, sia, haika, one,
numeral one,
siela, one of one,
sani-, one, the same
(Hittite)
¶‘›, duo, two (Greek)
¡, yerku, two (Armenian)
dy, two (Albanian)
Ý
bi, two (Basque)
duo-ae
M., F, N
(always plural)
Nom. duo,
duae, duo
Gen. duorum,
duorum,
duarum
Acc. duo/duos,
duas, duo
bis, adv., twice
dwy [f], dau [m],
two, pair (Welsh)
dhá, two (Irish)
dhà, two (Scott)
div (f.), daou
[m], two (Breton)
due, two (Italian)
deux, two (French)
wu, wi, two?
(Tocharian)
tuwa, two, kbihu, twice
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(Lycian)
tbisu, twice (Mylian)
twa/i, two, twisu, twice
(Luvian)
tuwa, d n, two (Hittite)
tri, trayaM,
trayaaNaaM,
traye, trishhu
(in the three)
thrâyô [thri], tishrô
[thri], three, thrish,
thrice, (Avestan)
se,
three (Persian)
, sami, three
(Gerogian)
kig(a), kig(e), three
(Hurrian)
šal š, three, (Hurrian
word, kikarpe),
three-year old, šal š š,
three-times, into three,
for the third time,
šal šiju, third, šalšu,
*šulšu, šullultu,
šul štu?one third,
šaluštam, third time,
šal šu, to do for the
third time, šalšiš, adv.,
thirdly, šullušiš, in three
parts, šullušu, threefold,
tripled, worked for a
third time, šul š ’um?,
šušalšum, threefold,
šul š , three each
(Akkadian) (Akkadian)
µ‚†, try, three
(Belarusian)
try, three (Belarus)
troje, three trojica
(Serbo-Croatian)
trzy, three (Polish)
tris, three (BalticSudovian)
trŒs, three (Latvian)
trei, three (Romanian)
kolmonen
(Finnish-Uralic)
•°Ü , tria (Greek)
Ý Ý£ , yerek’y, three
(Armenian)
tre, tri, three (Albanian)
tres, tris
trí cinn, three (Irish)
trì, three (Scott)
tri, adj. tair [f], three
(Welsh)
teir [f], tri, three
(Breton)
tre, three (Italian)
trois, three (French)
hiru, three (Basque)
three [<OEthri];
third
[<OE thridda]
1-13
tri, tre, three
(Tocharian)
tre, trije, teri-, three,
trppeme?, three-fold,
trisñne/i , threeyear-old, trisu, thrice
(Lycian)
thri, three (Phrygian)
trisu, three times
(Luvian)
trisu, t ries, tri, three,
trpple, three times,
tripple, triankis, thrice
tre,Script N87,
N297, N453, N469,
N476, N505, Q15,
Q21, Q29, Q40,
Q46, Q128, Q767,
R13, R661, PQ-15
BT34
trei, Script Z72,
Z180, Z347, Z1027
tres, Script Z290,
Z872, Z945, Z990,
Q376, Q763
tri, Script N240,
N244, Q237, Q239,
L55
tria, Script Q551,
DE-8
(Hittite)
âthritõm
[âthritya] thrish, thrice
(Avestan)
sebarâbar, selâ,
segâne (Persian)
, samjer, thrice
(Georgian)
µ‚›öª†, troj®y, thrice,
µ‚÷ , treci, third
(Belarusian)
treci, trejci, third
šal š š, three-times, into
(Belarus)
three, for the third time,
tre§i, third (Croatian)
šal šiju, third, šalšu,
trivarst, thrice, trŒs, tre-ais
one third, šaluštam,
third time, šal šu, to do (Latvian)
for the third time, šalšiš, tirtas, third
adv., thirdly, šullušiš, in (Baltic-Sudovian)
three parts, šullušu,
al treilea, third, de trei ori,
threefold, tripled,
thrice (Romanian)
worked for a third time
kolmasti, third (Finnish(Akkadian)
Uralic)
kigade, third (Hurrian)
trikRtvas, thrice
thrishum [thrishva],
third (Avestan
sevom, ü third
(Persian)
, mesame, third
(Georgian)
tArtIya, the third
part
chatuh, chatus.h,
chatvaaraH
kig(e), three (Urartian)
kig(a), three (Hurrian)
µ‚÷ , treci, third
(Belarusian)
treci, trejci, third
(Belarus)
treci, third (Croatian)
trzeci, third (Polish)
tirtas, third
(Baltic-Sudovian)
šal šiju, third,
šaluštam, third time,
šal šu, to do for the
third time, šalšiš, adv.,
thirdly (Akkadian)
tre-ais, third, (Latvian)
cathru, cathware, four
(Avestan)
chahâr, Ìþ four
(Persian)
, ot’khi, four
ª µ†‚†, ®atyry, four
(Belarusian)
catyry, four (Belarus)
cetiri, four
(Serbo-Croatian)
cztery, four (Polish)
patru, four (Romanian)
®etri, four (Latvian)
neljä, four
(Finnish-Uralic)
(Georgian)
tumn(i), four (Urartian)
tumni, tumu(n)(Hurrian)
•°Ü , tria, •°·Üœ treis, three, •°·Üœ
¹›°¯œ, treis fores, thrice, •°Ü•›œ,
tritos, third (Greek)
Ý Ý£ , yerek’y, three, Ý
thrice (Armenian)
øÒ,yerits’s,
tre, three, triherë, thrice,
i tretë, third (Albanian)
ter
hirugarren, third, hiru bider, thrice,
hiru, three (Basque)
trì uairean thrice (Scott)
trí uair, thrice (Irish)
trydydd (trydedd)
[f], third, dair gwaith,
thrice (Welsh)
terzo, third; tre volte,
thrice (Italian)
troisième, third; trois
fois, thrice
(French)
three times,
thrice [<OE
thriga];
third [<OE
thridda]
1-14
ter, Script Q311,
R49, R619
trisu, thrice (Mylian)
•°Ü•›œ, tritos, third (Greek)
Ý
Ñ, yerrord, third
(Armenian)
i tretë, adj. third,
(Albanian)
hirugarren, third (Basque)
an tríú, third (Irish)
treas; trian, a
third part (Scott)
trydydd (trydedd), third
(Welsh)
terzo, adj., third (Italian)
trois, troisième, adj.
third (French)
tertius-a-um,
third; acc. n.
sing. tertium,
for the third
time; abl. tertio
tria, third, trianali, third third, for the
rank functionary, triala, third time,
thirdly
third, three drink,
1-15
mediator, trian, at the
third time (Hittite)
terti, Script Z1600
Z1644, Q551
tertie, Script Q127
terto (TERTV)
Script Q871
al treilea, third
(Romanian)
kolmas, third
(Finnish-Uralic)
•¯˜˜·° , téssera, four (Greek)
ÿ Ò, ch’vors, four
(Armenian)
katër, four (Albanian)
lau, four (Basque)
quattuor
ceathrar, four (Irish)
ceithir, four, ceathramh,
the fourth, Scott)
pedwar (pedair), four
(Welsh)
quattro, four
(Italian)
quatre, four (French)
four [<OE
feower]
1-16
catra? Script Q488;
see also (probably
town, fort)
katro, Script Q84,
Q253, Q273,
katres, Q107
katrom (katrvm)
N112, Q-4
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erbe, four, erbû, the
four, erbettu, group or
team of four, erbê-u,
four times, erben tu,
four-oxen team for a
plow, reb š, adv.,
fourfold, fourthly,
rubbu’u, to increase
fourfold, rab ’iu, adj.,
*reb ja, fourth,
*reb tu, reb tu, one
fourth, rebû, to do
fourth, rabi na, adv.,
fourthly, reb š, adv.,
fourthly, fourfold,
šurbu tu, fourfold,
tumnarpe,
four-year-old, tumnatu,
four-spoked (Akkadian)
çtwar, four, c turdi!,
adv., fourthly
(Tocharian)
teteri, four, mupm$m-,
fourfold (Lycian)
mawa, four, miwa, adj.,
four, mawala/i, four
span? (Luvian)
meyawes, me(i)u,
meiau, four,
mawalasa/i, four
hitched together,
mawani(a), to hitch as
a four span, miwaniant,
muaniant, fours,
teams/groups of fours?
(Hittite)
pañca [pañcan], five
(Avestan)
panj, % five (Persian)
, khut’i, five
(Georgian)
arni(ja), five (Urartian)
pa.ncha, paJNcha, five
nari(ya), five (Hurrian)
amiš, five, umušû,
consisting of five,
amištu, a group of
five persons,
amšamma, five-fold,
five times, um šu, a
team of five persons,
narijarpu, umušû,
five-year-old, amuštu,
a period of five days
(Akkadian)
+‰ ¦, pia§, five
(Belarusian)
piac, five (Belarus)
pet, five (Croatian)
pet, five (Serbo-Croatian)
piŠ§, five (Polish)
penkei, penkis, five
(Baltic-Sudovian)
pieci, five (Latvian)
cinci, five (Romanian)
viisi (Finnish-Uralic)
pente, five (Greek)
Ó Ö>, hing, five
(Armenian)
quinque, five
coic, five (Irish)
cóig, five (Scott)
pump (pum),
five (Welsh)
pemp, five (Breton)
cinque, five (Italian)
cinq, five (French)
five [<OE fife]
1-17
pesë, five (Albanian)
pañä, five (Tocharian)
pants, panca, five
(Hittite)
bost, five (Basque)
pet? Script TC253,
Z1227?
Script TC260,
Z1227
panta? Script G10,
G14
siks, xshvash [-], six,
xshtûm [xshtva], sixth
(Avestan)
shesh `ï six (Persian)
, ek’vsi, six
(Georgian)
-e-e, six (Urartian)
-eÔe, six (Hurrian)
sas, six, @a@\ha, sixth
-ad -iu, sixth, n ru, six
hundred, universe?,
šedištu, group of six,
šeššet, six, šeššiš,
šešš šu, šešš šu,
sixfold, šeššu, šad šiu,
sixth, šeššu, šiššat,
one-sixth, š ši, sixty,
šuš šu, sixty times,
*š šu’u, one sixtieth
(Akkadian)
hapta, seven seven
(Avestan)
haft,
seven
(Persian)
, shvidi, seven
(Georgian)
sapta, saptan, seven,
šind(i), seven (Urartian)
šindi,, seven (Hurrian)
jamming, seven,
šintarpu, adj., sevenyear-old (Hurrian
word), šintunnu, adj.,
seventh (Akkadian)
©÷Ä ¦, -es§, six
(Belarusian)
-est, six (Croatian)
sze!§, six (Polish)
ushai, ushas, six (BalticSudovian)
se-i, six, vushai, vushas,
six (Latvian)
{ase, six (Romanian)
kussi, six (Finnish-Uralic)
, siem, seven,
(Belarusian)
siem, seven (Belarus)
sedam, seven, (Croatian)
seda, seven
(Serbo-Croatian)
siedem, seven, (Polish)
septinei, septinis
(Baltic-Sudovian)
septi i, seven (Latvian)
apte, seven (Romanian)
seitsemän, seven,
(Finnish-Uralic)
¯|Ë, éxi, six (Greek)
}Ýø , vets’y, six (Armenian)
gjashtë, six (Albanian)
sei, six (Basque)
sexus,
sex, six,
hexeris-is, ship
with six-bank of
oars,
sextus-a-um,
sixth
ashta, [ashtan], eight,
ashtemem [ashtema],
eighth (Avestan)
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, vosiem, eight
(Belarusian)
vosiem , eight (Belarus)
six [<OE siex]
sixth
1-18
HECHS (HEØS)
Script Z1177,
Z1359
heksr, (galley, L
hexeris) Script
Z158, Z974
seven [<OE
seofan]
1-19
septa? Script
L60
eight [<OE
eohta]
1-20
octito? (VCTITV)
Script N403
s.äk, six (Tocharian)
six-, six (Hittite)
seacht, seven (Irish),
seachd, seven (Scott)
saith, adj., seven (Welsh)
sette,, seven (Italian)
sept, seven (French)
, eptá, seven (Greek)
, yot’, seven (Armenian)
shtate, seven (Albanian)
septem
zazpi, seven (Basque)
, októ, eight Greek)
, yot’, eight (Armenian)
ashhTa
sé, six (Irish)
sia, six (Scott)
chwech, six (Welsh)
sei, six (Italian)
six, six (French)
tetë, tetëm, eight
(Albanian)
zortzi, eight (BAsque)
octo
sibun, seven (Gothic)
s.pät, sukt, seven
(Tocharian)
siptama, seven, satau,
sapta, number seven,
sptamintsu
(saptmintsu),
sevenfold,
satawartana, for seven
rounds, siptmia, sevendrink, siptmae?, to
seven (Hittite)
ochd, eight (Scott)
ocht, eight (Irish)
wyth-au, eight (Welsh)
eizh, eight (Breton)
otto, eight (Italian) huit,
eight (French)
See Note (3)
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hašt ,
eight (Persian)
, rva, eight (Georgian)
kir(i/a)?, eight (Urartian)
kira/i, eight (Hurrian)
**pisruq tu, eight
leather bags (Akkadian)
navaca, nine
(Avestan)
noh, nohtâ, nine
(Persian)
, ts’khra, nine
(Georgian)
navan
tamr(i), nine (Urartian)
tamri/a, nine (Hurrian)
tiše, nine, tišû, ninth,
tiš t ešeret, nineteen,
ibbû, nineteenth day of
the month (lit. day of
wrath), tešê, ninety,
tišât, one ninth, tišâ’u,
nine-year-old, tiš šu,
nine times (Akkadian)
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osam, eight (Croatian)
osam, eight
(Serbo-Croatian)
osiem, eight (Polish)
astonei, astonis, eight
(Baltic-Sudovian)
asto i, eight (Latvian)
opt, eight (Romanian)
kahdeksan, eight
(Finnish-Uralic)
, dzievia , nine
(Belarusian)
dzievia nine (Belarus)
devet, nine (Croatian)
dziewi , nine (Polish)
nevinei, nine (BalticSudovian)
devi i, nine (Latvian)
nou€, nine (Romanian)
yhdeksan, nine (FinnishUralic)
okät, okt, eight
(Tocharian)
aitãta, eight (Carian)
aitãta, eight (Lycian)
••‚ƒ, ennéa, nine (Greek)
„…†, iny, nine (Armenian)
novem
nëntë, nine (Albanian)
nuñtãta, nine (Lycian)
bederatzi, nine (/Basque)
naua, nine, nawartana,
nine laps (Hittite)
‰‚ ƒ, déka, ten (Greek)
deich, ten (Irish)
deich, ten;
deicheamh, tenth
(Scott)
deg-au, ten (Welsh)
dek, ten (Breton)
dieci, ten (Italian)
dix, ten (French)
dasa [dasan], ten
(Avestan)
dah, ‡ˆ ten (Persian)
, at’i, ten (Georgian)
eman, ten (Urartian)
eman, ten (Hurrian)
dasha
ešir, number ten, ušur ,
ten each, ušurtu, unit of
ten, ešr šu, ten times,
eširtu, group of ten
persons, eširtu,
foreman of a group of
ten men, (nubi, Hurrian
word), rabbatu,
ribbatu, ten thousand,
10,000 (Akkadian)
saite [sata]
satem, hundred (Avestan)
sad, •Ž hundred (Persian)
shataM
, as, hundred (Georgian)
eman-am-h-a?, hundred
(Hurrian)
meru, hundred
(Akkadian)
, dziesia , ten
(Belarusian)
deset, ten (Croatian)
deset, ten (Serbo-Croation)
dziesi , ten (Polish)
desimtis, ten (Latvian)
zece, ten (Romanian)
Š‹Œ†, tasy, ten (Armenian)
dhjetë, ten (Albanian)
decem
hamar, ten (Basque)
kymppi (Finnish-Uralic)
• , sto, hundred
(Belarusian)
sto, hundred
(Serbo-Croation)
stotina, hundred
(Croation)
sto, hundred (Polish)
simts, hundred, (Latvian)
sut€, hundred (Romanian)
sata, hundred
(Finnish-Uralic)
naoi, nine (Irish)
naoi, nine (Scott)
naw, nine (Welsh)
nove, nine (Italian)
neuf, nine (French)
nine [<OE
nigon]
1-21
no?, (NV)
Script J48;
niv (NIF)
Script J43;
nia? Script AP-1,
Aph-1)
ten [<OE tien]
1-22
tecum (TECVM)?
Script Z1615, Au13
tikam (ticham)?
R286
hundred [<OE
hundred]
1-23
sto (STV)?
Script Q303;
satan, satane?
Script Q33
cuetu (CFENTV)?
Script Z1137
s'äk, s'ek, ten
(Tocharian)
ƒ ó, ekató, hundred (Greek)
•‹‘ “‘, haryur, hundred (Armenian)
njëquind, quind, hundred
(Albanian)
centum,
hundred
ehun, hundred (Basque)
céad, hundred (Irish)
ceud, hundred (Scott)
cant (can), cannoedd,
cantoedd, hundred
(Welsh)
kant, hundred (Breton)
cento, hundred (Italian)
cent, hundred (French)
känt, [B kante] hundred
(Tocharian)
M , hundred (Hittite)
Etruscan words in alphabetical order
abhyantara, interior,
included by, within,
in
8 of 40
tu, to, aet, at, (JAR) avi
[-], to, unto, towards
(Avestan)
andar, dar, ”ˆ at, about,
within, beh, • in, at, on,
onto, through, ta, to
(Persian)
,
, ze, at,
shemosuli, in, - , in, in, ˜, u, at, in (Belarussian)
na, at, on, in, da, to, in;
to, at, through,
€ •
, p’arglebshi, Belarus)
w, in, at, on, into, by
within (Georgian)
(Polish)
na, at, u, in (Croatian)
–—, in, within, middle
pie, at, uz, to, on, for, in,
(Urartian)
per, at, iekš™, in (Latvian)
egi, in, egi > egita, in
la, at, în, in (Romanian)
luona, -lla, -llä, by, at, with,
(middle) (Hurrian)
sisään, in, inside, within
(Finnish-Uralic)
ana, to, for, up to,
toward, against, upon,
from, eli, to, towards,
more than, over, on
account of, on, libbu,
(prep., among, from,
belonging to, like,
instead of, according
› , sto, at, › , se, in;
(Greek)
„…, in, in, œ‹•†, zhamy,at
(Armenian)
në, at, on, to, in, into, per
(Albanian)
-an, in, at, -ra, to, bidean, towards
(Basque)
ag, at, isteach, in (Irish)
aig, at, a-staigh, in
(Scott)
ar, at, yn, in (Welsh)
a, ad, at, nel, nella, in
(Italian)
à, at, dans, in (French)
a, from, after,
since, by, in
respect of, ad,
at, towards,
near, in, in, on,
at, among,
during, into, on
to, to towards
-añc (part.), to, beside
(Tocharian)
ñte, in, inside, into
in, [<OE], at,
[<OE, æt], to,
from,
of, on, for, by,
with
see ap below
(Lycian/Mylian)
cum, at, by, andan, in,
to, #anda, in, inside
(Hittite)
1-24
a, Script Z92,
Z1153, Z1372,
Z1553, TC61,
TC90, TC108,
TC127, J-8, J19,
J25, J29, J36,
Au90, Au102,
AF13, AN12,
AN102, N21,
N206, N371,
N711, Q376, Q388,
Q701, Q717, R381,
R499, R542, R584,
AH-9
See also:
in, Z51, Z110,
Z152, Z206, Z211,
Z245, Z263, Z289,
Z572, Z1378,
Z1423, Z1562,
TC56, TC103,
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TC108, TC235,
TC257, TC161,
TC293, M32, M58,
AP-1, Q396, R447,
K92, Aph-12, SC-2
Also see ap below.
to), parts of the exta,
parts of the human
body, preference,
choice, desire, wish,
intention, courage, etc.
(Akkadian)
kažcit (when special
attention is put
to object
Ÿ , pa, by, ˜, at, to,
, ad, from, , z, with
(Belarusian)
bâ, with, to, unto,
po, by, na, at, do, to,
hamrâhe, with
iz, from, s, with
(Persian)
(Croatian)
, mier, by, , ze,
da, to, in; biez (biaz),
without; z (sa), from,
at,
,dan, from,
with (Belarus)
, ert’ad, with
przez, by, z, from, do, to
(Georgian)
(Polish)
ar, by, with, pie, at, uz,
gadu, with, išti, itti,
to, no, from (Latvian)
prep., with, itu, prep.,
with, beside, ašar, with, de, by, la, at, to, din,
instead of, from, before, from, cu, with
in the presence of, n tiš, (Romanian)
with, (or like), adv., an
mennessä, by, että,
enclosure (Akkadian)
to, alkaen, from,
kanssa, with
(Finnish-Uralic)
uta [-], conj., also, and,
moreover (Avestan)
o, va, « and; niz,
hamconin, ham, also
(Persian)
, aseve,
also,
,
namdvilad, indeed
(Georgian)
, da, and
satyam, inded, api, also
-an, indeed, '-ma, and
(Hurrian)
anna, anni, annû,
indeed, yes, aššu, and,
k mu, adv., and, u,
conj., and, or
(Akkadian)
i, i, and, Ÿ¬ - ®,
sapra¯dy, indeed, • °
,
taksama, also (Belarusian)
i, and, tako±er, also, doista,
indeed, (Croatian)
i, and, w rzeczy samej, and
indeed (Polish)
un, and, patieš™m, indeed,
arviskai, truly, d²gi, adv.
also (Latvian)
³i, and, intr-adevar, indeed,
de asemenea, also
(Romanian)
ja, ynnä, and,
todellakin, indeed, myös,
also (Finnish-Uralic)
› , at, ¡ ¢ £•, pros tin,
to, ¤ , me, with, by, ƒ ó,
apo, from (Greek)
¥ ¦•„§, koghmits’, by,
œ‹•†, zhamy, at, ¨©ª„,
depi, to, „§, its’, from,
•©Š, het, with (Armenian)
nga, by, from, në, at, to,
më, with (Albanian)
-tik, from, through, batetik, from,
batera, -rekin, with (Basque)
ƒ´, kai, and; µ›£¢, episis,
also; ¡ ¶¤ƒ ´, prágmati,
indeed
(Greek)
©“, yev, and, …‹©“, naev, also,
„Œ¥‹ª©Œ, iskapes, indeed
(Armenian)
per, by, ut, to,
with, apud, at,
ex, from, a, ab,
abs, away from,
after, out of, of,
by, at the hands
of cum (quom),
when,
whenever,
since, although,
with, together
with, at the
same time as,
cum, conj.,
when,
whenever,
while, as, after,
since, as, seeing
that, whereas
ac, atque, et,
and
me të vërtetë, indeed, dhe,
and, gjithashtu, also
(Albanian)
eta, and (Basque)
ag, at, by, chun, to, ó,
from, le, with (Irish)
aig, at, gu, to, bho, from,
le, with, by (Scott)
gan, by, i, to, yn, at, o,
from, wrth, with,
gyda, with, to; a, efo,
chan [gan], by, (Welsh)
da to; gant
[ganin, ganit, gantan,
ganti, with; eus, digant,
from
(Breton)
di, by, a, at, to, a partire
dal, from, con, with
(Italian)
par, by, à, at, to, de, from,
avec, with (French)
by, to, from,
with [<OE
with];
possibly water;
see ap below
1-25
ap, Script Q253,
Q396, Q767, Q908;
See also:
KOM (KVM), N-1,
N31, N149, N184,
N391, N417, Q297,
Q303, Q468, Q871,
R304, Aph-17
ku z, from, where, -kan,
kom, at, by, cum, with,
alongside, SA, of, katti-
with, QADU, along
with (Hittite)
agus, and, go deimhin,
indeed, chomh maith
leis sin, as well as that,
also (Irish)
agus, and, gu dearbh,
indeed, cuideachd, also
(Scott)
a, ac, and (Welsh)
ha, hag, and; ivez,
also, neither
(Breton)
e, ed, and, infatti,
indeed, anche, also
(Italian)
et, and, effectivement,
indeed, aussi, also
(French)
-ke, se, and (Lycian)
-ke, se, sebe, and
(Mylesian)
ac, Script Z58,
Z432, Z1183, Au-1,
TC46,TC95,TC101,
TC116, TC194,
TC213, Au95,
K149, L50, J41-2
and, [<OE], and ak, Script Z489,
also, and indeed Z508, Z1139, XQ-1
et, Script, N216,
(See Part 6)
Q701, Q745, R42,
1-26
R60, R94, R132,
R144, R157 R160,
G32, TC1, MS-1,
BS16? M46
ETH (E·), M92
anda imma, indeed, nu,
and, but, ta, -ca, -ya, Ù,
and, -ma, -a-, su, and,
but, ku, and, even, now
(Hittite)
bang zadan, xândan,
call, e'l¸m kardan, ¹º»¼
½ˆ¾¿ to call, declare,
report, acclaim,
farâxândan, summon
(Persian)
, darekva, to
call (Georgian)
ha+ to name (Hurrian)
ti-n—, tin=i, ti=ni, name,
(ti, to speak) (Urartian)
AhvAnay, -yati,
aavhayati
9 of 40
nabû, call a person (to
exercise a function), to
summon, to name, to
give a name, to be
named, to invoke,
appointed etc., nib tu,
call, pronunciation and
spelling, vocation,
name, person called (by
the gods), nabû, adj.,
called, nib tu, person
clled by the gods,
vocation, call, name,
chosen, rigmu, call,
noise, sound, voice,
proclamation, thunder,
wailing, rag mu, to call
out, to prophesy, to
summon, convoke, to
lodge a claim, to sue, to
bring a legal complaint,
À ®
°Á°
, nazyva , to call,
, zaklika , to
summon, Ÿ¬ ¬ î ,
praroÄy , to prophesy
(Belarusian)
klikaç, v.imp., kliknuç,
v.perf. call; nazyvacca,
v.imp., be called ¬ Â
rajcca, v. imp. consult, ask
(Belarus)
zvati, to call, pozvati, to
summon, prorokovati, to
prophesy (Croatian)
zadzwoni , to call,
przywoøa , to summon
(Polish)
zvan²t, to call, izsaukt, to
summon, pravietot, to
prophesy (Latvian)
a apela, to call, a convoca, to
summon, s€ profeÅi, to
prophesy (Romanian)
soittaa, to call, kutsua, to
summon, ennustaa, to
prophesy (Finnish-Uralic)
•ƒ ƒÆ‚›Ç, na kaléso,
to summon, ƒÆ , kaló, to call,
invite, call on, hail, summon, bid,
•ƒ ƒÆ‚› ´, na kalései, summon, •ƒ
¡ È£ É Ê•, na profitévoun, to
prophesy (Greek)
¥‹…Ë©Ì “ •‹•‹‘, kanch’yelu
hamar, to summon; Í‹…ΩÌ,
zangel, to call, •‹‘΋‘©‹…‹Ì “
•‹•‹‘, margareanalu hamar, to
prophesy (Armenian)
per te thirrur, to call, to summon,
për të profetizuar, to prophesy
(Albanian)
izena izan, to call, deitu, to
summon (Basque)
accio-iare -ivi
-itum; to call,
summon
calo-are, to call;
convoco-are, to
call together;
summoneo
[subm-] -ere, to
remind secretly
auguro-are,
prophesy, to
wish
Glaoigh, to call, toghairm,
to summon, a fháistriú, to
prophesy (Irish)
a 'gairm, to call, a bhith ga
ghairm, to summon, ri
fàisneachd, to prophesy
(Scott)
galw, galwad, call; galw,
to call, i alw, to summon, i
broffwydo, to prophesy
(Welsh)
gridare, call, citare,
convocare, summon;
diritto, di, chiamare, to
call, summon,
profetizzare, to prophesy
(Italian)
convoquer, sommer,
summon; a apeller,
to call, raconter, to
recount, tell, prophétiser,
to prophesy (French)
to call [<ON
kalla],
to summon
to prophesy
1-27
aca, Script Z572,
TC46, Au67, Au90:
ace, Script J40-8
aci, Script Z582,
AB-1;
acie, N149, R219,
R238, P-1
ACeR, M71
acern, DL-2, to
prophesy
acis, Script R349,
NC-3
k™ka- [B k™k™-], to call
(Tocharian)
wer, to call, to say,
(Palaic)
laman, name (Lydian)
laman, name (Luvian)
adãma-, name (Lycian)
ueriie/a, wer(ie/a),
ueriianna/ueriianni,
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to claim something by
lawsuit, to sue one
another, etc., raggimu,
prophet, qabb tu,
*raggimtu, prophetess,
qabû,to call, to name,
to permit, to promise, to
enjoin, to have orders
recited, decreed, issued,
ordered, to give an
order, declare, to
declare publicly, in
court, , šiš tu,
summons, cry, loud
noise, shout,
proclamation, š lûtu,
summons?, (
Akkadian)
weriana/weriani, to
call, say, werija, to speak,
call, lamen, to name, to
call; harti, halz i-, haliya
to call out, kalis/klis, to
call, plah,
palah/palahh, to call,
summon, halz i-,
haliya->, halzai/halzi,
to call out, recite, invite,
#atiman, name, lamn,
l man, name,
reputation, #lamen, to
name, call, lamniie/a,
lamnie/a, to name, to
call, to summon, assign,
(Hittite)
barâbar, ¾•¼¾• , equal,
hamtâ, ÏÐÑ equal, twin,
match, nazyr, ¾ÒÓ equal,
match, like, tashbyh
kardan, ½ˆ¾¿ ÒÔ Õ to
compare, tarâz kardan, Ö¼¾Õ
½ˆ¾¿ to level, tear down,
barâbar kardan, to level
(Persian)
, shedareba,
to compare,
•
,
gat’anabreba, to
equalize,
,
donis, to level
(Georgian)
inu, unu, like, as
(Hurrian)
nibha, samaka, like,
equal to, tulaa, sam²karoti,
to equalize
x
10 of 40
gitm liš, as an
equal,gitm lu, equal in
size, rank, noble,
perfect (describing
gods, kings, etc,
mit ru, of equal size,
amount, or degree,
square, equal amount
(as fine for a debt past
due), equivocal,
indecisive, m šiš, in
equal parts (lit. like
twins),
ma û, to be equal,
make equal, to amount
to, do what one wants,
etc., maš lu, to make
equal, be equal, of equal
rank, to be similar, etc.,
mi ru, equal, person of
equal rank, equivalent,
counterpart, etc.,
mi irtu, level with, in
the likeness of, in front
of, answer, copy of a
document, *mi r tu,
equal rank, kinattu,
person of equal social
status, of servile status,
etc., kinatt tu, status of
social equality, group of
social equals, q tu, one
of several equal parts,
workmanship, etc.,
na lu, to be of equal
value, to face, face each
other, to look, look on,
become visible, etc.,
ath , equal partners,
membrs of a group of
equal status, šan nu, to
become equal, equality,
equaled, equal in
brightness, to fight,
compete, rival, match,
etc. (Akkadian)
x
¬ -À
, zra¯nava , to
equalize, Ÿ ¬ -À ,
para¯na , to compare
(Belarusian)
rowny, adj., equal
(Belarus)
izjednaÄiti, to equalize,
usporediti, to compare, na
razinu, to level
(Croatian)
wyrówna , to equalize,
porównywa , to compare,
poziomowa , to level (Polish)
izl²dzin™t, to equalize,
sal²dzin™t, to compare, l²dz
l²menim, to level (Latvian)
pentru a egaliza, to
equalize, pentru a
compara, to compare, la
nivel, to level (Romanian)
sama, tasoittaa, to equalize,
verrata, to compare,
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
×´› › , exisóste, to equalize; •ƒ
›Ê¶ ¡µ•Ç, na synkríno, to compare,
µ ‰ , se epípedo, to
sygkrino, ›
level, (Greek)
•‹Ø‹Œ‹‘©§…©Ì, havasarets’nel,
to equalize, •‹•©•‹Š©Ì,
hamematel, to compare
(Armennian)
për të barazuar, to equalize, përqas,
to liken, te krahasosh, to compare,
compare, të nivelit, to level
(Albanian)
acquo-are, to
make level,
equalize
comparare, to
compare
to make level
[<Lat. libra,
balance],
compare, make
equal, equalize,
[<lat. aequalis]
same [<ON
samr]
1-28
aces, Script N462;
Achaia
1-29
acie, Script N149,
kot, as (Lydian)
ãka, like, as (Lycian)
mas, as much as
(Palaic)
maila, to level, maila egiteko, to
make level, berdina, equal,
berdintzeko, to equalize, konparatu,
compare (Basque)
ÙÚƒµƒ, Achaia (Greek)
chun comhionannú, to
equalize, chun
comparáid a dhéanamh,
to compare, go leibhéal,
to level (Irish)
gus co-ionannachd a
dhèanamh, to equalize,
gus coimeas a
dhèanamh, to compare,
gu ìre, to level (Scott)
cyfartalu, to equalize, i
gymharu, to compare, i
lefel, to level (Welsh)
uguagliare, pareggiare,
to equalize, per
confrontare, to compare,
al livello, to level
(Italian)
égaliser, niveler, to
equalize, comparer, to
compare, à niveau, to
level (French)
mahan, man, like, as,
just as, masian, as
much as, masiwant,
masiwan, as much as,
as many as, equal in
size, istalgae, istalk,
istalkiie/a to level,
flatten, tksadr/tksan,
tksatnie/a, level, plain,
taksanna/taksanni,
taksatniie/a,
tksana/tksani, to level
(Hittite)
Achaia or
Achaia-ae [f]
x
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R219, R238
Achie, (AÛIE)
CP35
IKIHII, T-10
avâiti [av], ayãn [ayare],
aêiti [i], to go, to come,
(Avestan)
raftan, ßÐå” to go,
gozaštan, ßÐïðò to go
along, cross, pass,
jabjayy, ôõÏ÷•Ïù
displacement, relocation,
transfer, switch, unload
(Persian)
move,
, modzraoba, to
•
•
,
gadaadgileba, to move,
, ts’asvla, to go
(Georgian)
ul-, to go, u/ol- to go,
start going (Urartian)
hab-an-, itt- to go, far-,
to go, set off, walk
(Hurrian)
allaku, moving, going,
ab tu, to move across,
to make an incursion, a
razzia into enemy
territory, nesû, to move
away, to have an
unhealthy appearance,
become dearranged, to
change, etc., to move
back, to depart, keep
away, etc., nak ru, to
move away, change an
agga, aggati, move; mIv,
agreement, become
mIvati, pp. mUta & mIvita,
angry, to expel evil,
moti, to put in motion, push,
disease, to abolish the
move; ak, to move tortuously rule of a king, etc.,
(like a snake); aÜk, to move in et qu, move overland,
to make pass on or
a curve; aÝÞh, to go, move,
proceed, to transfer, to
tend,
cause delay, petû, to
move off, to uncoil, slit
open an animal, depart,
open a sealed tablet,
etc., nas k, to move on,
depart, remove a tablet,
an inscription, to throw
into water, fire, cast
aside, reject, to be
cancelled, etc., našû, to
move on, raise,
confiscate, seize, be
brought, carried, to
make bear fruit, to
multiply (math term), to
raise a crop, wield
weapons, etc., nas u,
to move on,diplace
oneself, transfer
persons, pull out the
hair, expel evil, demons,
sickness, to remove
mud from a canal, etc.,
nâšu, to move,
dislodge, to shake, to
quake, become shaky,
weaken, etc., dekû, to
move to another
location, call up
workers, summon
officials, collect taxes,
etc., nam šu, move, to set
¬˜û
, ruchacca,
to move, ¬˜û, ruch, motion,
 Â, isci, to go, Ÿ¬ ü Â,
prajsci, to pass
(Belarusian)
pierasielicca (v.perf.) move; rusyç (v.imp.),
ruch, movement (Belarus)
za kretanje, to move,
pokret, motion, i i, to go,
pro i, to go, pass (Croatian)
porusza si , to move, iž ,
to go, zda , to pass (Polish)
kustýties, to move, iet,
to go, nok™rtot, to pass
(Latvian)
a muta, to move,
a merge, to go, a trece, to
pass (Romanian)
siirtää, to move, pass,
liikhadus, to move,
•ƒ ¤ ƒ ´•þ›Ç, na metakiníso,
to move, µ•£›£, kínisi,
motion, •ƒ Ç, na páo, to go, •ƒ
¡ ›Ç, na peráso, to pass (Greek)
ÿ‹‘œØ©Ì, sharzhvel, to move,
!‹‘œØ©Ì, sharzhvel, move
Î…‹Ì, gnal, to go, ‹…§…©Ì, ants’nel,
to pass (Armenian)
ago-agere, to
për të lëvizur, to move, për të
shkuar, to go, për të kaluar, to pass set in motion
(Albanian)
dul, to go, chun bogadh,
to move, chun pas a
fháil, to pass (Irish)
Gu bhith a 'dol, to go,
gluasad, to move, thèid
seachad, to pass (Scott)
mudo, migration,
symud, move, cyffroi,
excited, i fynd, to go,
pasio, to pass (Welsh)
muovere, trasferire, to
move, vt.; muoversi, to
move, andare, to go,
passare, to pass (Italian)
mouvoir, to move, aller,
to go, passer, to pass
(French)
to set in
motion, move,
[<Lat.movere],
to pass [<Lat.,
passus, pp. of
pandere, to
stretch out], to
go [<OE g™n]
AKaPa, Script
N160, M24;
akim, Script Z681
(See move
below)
->, go, iya->, ie/a, to go, 1-30
p i->, #pai, paii/pai,
pi/pai, pae, to go, to
pass, to go past, to go
by, rnu, to make
something go, transport,
to deport, arnu, to
transport, ske/a, to be
going (Hittite)
martxan jartzeko, to set in motion,
mugitu, to move, turn, gainditzeko,
igaro, to pass, joan, to go (Basque)
Liikkua, move, mennä,
to go, ohittaa, to pass
(Finnish-Uralic)
out, to bring a lawsuit, to
dispatch, to defect (to an
enemy), to depart,
ab ru, to move
quickly to twitter, to get
diarrhea, to swing
(Akkadian)
k–etram, agricultural field
$¬ ¬À
Á , ahrarnaja
ziamlia, agrarian land
(Belarusian)
kešâvarzi, "Ö”«Ï ¿
poljoprivredno zemljište,
agrarian, agricultural,
agrarian land (Croatian)
cultivated land,
ziemia rolna, agrarian land
farmland (Persian)
(Polish)
•
,
lauksaimniec²bas zeme,
agraruli mits’a, agrarian agrarian land (Latvian)
land (Georgian)
teren agrar, agrarian land
m rešu, cultivated land, (Romanian)
xƒ¶¡ ´ þ ¶£, agrotikí gi,
agricultural land (Greek)
‹Î‘‹‘‹ „… ©‘¥„‘, agrarayin
yerkir, agrarian land (Armenian)
tokën agrare, agrarian land
(Albanian)
nekazaritza lurrak, agrarian land
(Basque)
agrarius-ium,
Nom. Pl. N. %ia
talamh talúntais,
agrarian land (Irish)
talamh àitich, agrarian
land (Scott)
tir amaethyddol,
agrarian land (Welsh)
terra agraria, agrarian
land (Italian)
terre agraire, agrarian
land (French)
of the public
lands - relating
to land, a
general
distribution of
public land
1-31
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cultivation, ri ibutu,
irrigated land, wet
ground, a disease
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table.html
maatalousmaata, agrarian
land (Finnish-Uralic)
hrm@ma-, land section
(Lycian)
karsatr/karsatn, land
parcel, selection of
animals, block of metal
(Hittite)
zam [-]zY, zem, earth,
land, ground, dah'yunã
[dah'yu]; anghu, earth
(Avestan)
xoski, ô\ ^ , arid, dry
land, barrenness,
mainland, terrestrial, bum,
¹`• land; xâk, ke švar,
”` ¿ land, country,
territory; meydân, dast,
zamin, ßÒ{Ö field, dirt,
earth, land, arz, earth,
globe, ground, land, soil,
territory (Persian)
,
, mitsa,
dedamitsa, land, earth,
, mits’is
nak’veti, land, ground,
, mits’a, land
(Georgian)
avari, kawr-, Úawr-, earth,
land, |mini, earth, e}—,
eše, earth, sky? (Hurrian)
agrahara, land
held by Brahmins
ksauni, earth, land,
ku, earth, soil, land;
mandala, ring,
disk, circular area of
king's neighbors
siddhAdeza, prophecy;
siddhidarzin, adj. prophet of
good tidings
unn tu, land, eqlu,
land, area, field, region,
terrain, land, kusb ti, a
kind of land, kikallû,
barren, fallow land,
karap u, fallow land,
parattu, t balu, wadi,
ubl tu, dry land, ap tu,
inarrable land, nid tu,
uncultivated land,
nidûtu, uncultivated,
worthless stuff,
uninhabited land, m tu,
land, country (as a
political unit), open
country, flat country,
native land, population
of a country, etc.,
mi ru, land as a
political term, territory,
border, etc., ru ubtu,
wet land, šabburtu,
land made ready for
cultivation, m rešu,
cultivated land, p ru,
land, parcel, plot,
portion, lot, qerbetu,
pasture land, field,
district, environs,
qut nu, ašlu, irmû,
land, plot of land,
tetentu, small plot of
land, mi u, plowed
land, woven cloth, part
of a door, etc., šuk su,
land allotment,
subsistence holding,
imertu, a type of land
holding, tamirtu, a type
of irrigated land,
environs, ritu, mud,
silt, a bread, t l tu, a
type of land, outlays,
revenue, etc., ug ru,
arable land, grassland,
meadow, a measure of
volume, šikkatu,
harrowed land,
(Akkadian)
Á , ziamlia, land, earth,
ground (Belarusian)
kra, land; pole, field
(Belarus)
zemljište, land, plot, lot,
terrain, field, lair, zemlija,
country, land, ground, soil,
nation, dirt, tlo, earth
(Croatian)
¶£, gi, land, earth, Ú ¡ƒ, chóra,
zemia, land, earth, ground, country, land, realm, territory,
world, country, district
agr V, agrós, field (Greek)
(Polish)
• ¦†, hoghy, land, ©‘¥„‘, yerkir,
zeme, land, earth, ground,
country, soil, dirt (Latvian) country, land, earth, ground, world
(Armenian)
teren, land, field, ground,
tokë, land, vend, place, country,
terrain, site, soil, ~ar€,
seat,
nation, location, terren,
country, land, nation,
ground, turf, location, land, suva,
region, realm, province,
plaster (Albanian)
p€mânt, earth, land,
ground, soil, clay, dirt,
lur, lurak, land, earth, soil (Basque)
glie, land, earth, agrar,
agrarian (Romanian)
maa, country, land, earth,
ground, soil, property,
maaperä, soil, ground,
territory, land, earth
(Finnish-Uralic)
prophesy, ƒ , aighe,
to augur (Georgian)
raggimu, prophet,
qabb tu, *raggimtu,
ager, agri, land,
territory,
terra-ae, dry
land, earth,
ground, soil,
land, country
land [<OE
land], territory,
a cultivated,
agro, land, field, terra,
earth, ground, soil, world, agricultural,
la campagna, country land, field, terra,
country side (Italian):
earth
agricole, adj. agricultural,
1-32
terre, earth, land, ground,
(lloriau), floor, ground,
earth (Welsh)
le pays, country, land,
nation, home (French)
tkam, B. kem, earth
(Tocharian)
tiam(i)t, tgam, earth
(Luvian)
aker, Script N173,
N435; S-18
akro (AKRV)
Script R65
akrare, akrara,
CAB-2?
See also:
tera, Script N349,
N357, N363
teri, Script Z1216
terim, Script Q806
KUR utn -, A.ŠÀ, field,
KI, e th, wo ld, t k n,
e th, t k n, t k m ,
te n, t n, ound,
t ntesp , e th,
purut>, porut, soil,
earth, mud, plaster
(Hittite)
, na profitévoun, to
prophesy, €
• , gia
profiteía, to augur (Greek)
‚ƒ„…ƒ„†ƒ‡ƒˆ‰‹ Œƒ‚ƒ„,
margareanalu hamar, to prophesy,
•ƒŽƒ•„‰‹•‘‰‹‡, bats’atrut’yun,
to augur (Armenian)
për të profetizuar, to prophesy, për
të falënderuar, to augur (Albanian) auguro-are
payâmbar,
prophet,
haruspex, seer (Persian)
‚
,
tsinastsarmetqveleba, to
talamh, land, ground,
earth, an tuath, land, cré,
earth (Irish)
talamh, earth, fearann,
land (Scott)
tir ar, arable land; bro,
gwlad, tir, thir, land,
ground, ddaear, Earth,
earth, land, ground, llawr
, praraka ,
prophesy,
,
pradviesci , to augur
(Belarusian)
, praroktiva,
prophet (Belarus)
prorokovati, to prophesy,
profetizatzea, to prophesy,
aurresatea, to predict, auresan,
predict (Basque)
chun réadaigh, to
prophesy, profetiza,
prophesy, go mór, to
augur (Irish)
fàidheadaireachd,
prophesy, gu mòr, to
augur (Scott)
proffwydo, to
prophesy, i lwyddo, to
augur (Welsh)
augurare, to wish,
fortell, bid, profetizzare,
prophesy (Italian)
augur, augur,
to prophesy
[<Gk.
propheteia,
prophecy], act
as an augur
1-33
acern, Script DL-2
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proricati, to augur
prophetess, rag mu, to
prophesy, to call out, to
summon, convoke, to
lodge a claim, to sue, to
bring a legal complaint,
to claim something by
lawsuit, išš ru, augur,
to divine omens from a
bird, d gil išš re,
diviner, observer of
birds for divination
purposes (Akkadian)
zyena, eagle, falcon, hawk,
military array, mañjar ,
maidservant of Krisna
uttararuupaM
erû, eagle, ammartû,
eaglet, ar niš,
eagle-like, anzû,
eagle-like mythological
creature, našru,
*teuššu eagle
(Akkadian)
shomâli, adj.,
northern (Persian)
išt nu,north, (as one of
the four cardinal
points), north wind,
north country, išt n nu,
northern boarder,
ult niš, in a northerly
direction, ult n tu,
northerly (Akkadian)
prophétiser, prophesy
(French)
pravietot, to predict,
portend, prophesy
(Latvian)profetiza,
prophesy, pentru a augur, to
tahs (dahs?), to predict
(Hittite)
augur (Romanian)
profeta, ennustaa, to
prophesy, tuhota, to augur
(Finnish-Uralic)
oqâb, homây,
dâlman, eagle (Persian)
, artsivi, eagle
(Georgian)
,
ch’rdiloet’it’, northern
(Georgian)
x
(Croatian)
przepowiada , to divine,
prophesy, do augur, to augur
(Polish)
pravieto, prophecy,
, arol, eagle (Belarusian)
orao, eagle (Croatian)
orzeø, eagle (Polish)
óV, aetós, eagle (Greek)
, artsiv, eagle
(Armenian)
shquiponjë, eagle (Albanian)
aquila-ae, eagle
ancilla-ae,
maidservant
rglis, eagle (Latvian)
vultur, eagle (Romanian)
kotka, eagle (FinnishUralic)
, pa no ny,
northern (Belarusian)
sjeverni, northern
(Croatian)
póønocny, northern (Polish)
zieme u, northern (Latvian)
de Nord, northern
(Romanian)
pohjoinen, northern
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
Ahile (Romanian)
iolaire, eagle (Irish)
iolaire, eagle (Scott)
eryr-od [m], eryresau, eagle (Welsh)
aquila, eagle (Italian);
aigle, eagle (French)
haras, hara, haran/hara,
# haraš eagle (Hittite)
arrano, eagle (Basque)
ó
V, vóreios, northern (Greek) aquilonius-a-um ó thuaidh, northern
(Irish)
€•‚ƒ„ „ • …, Hyusisayin, northern
(Armenian)
gu tuath, northern
verior, northern (Albanian)
(Scott)
gogleddol, northern
(Welsh)
iparreko, northern (Basque)
settentrionale, northern
(Italian)
nord, northern (French)
‡ˆ ‰‰ ŠV,
Achilléfs (Greek)
Achillis-is
Achilles (Irish)
Achilles (Welsh)
Achille (Italian)
Achille (French)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
‡‹ Œ•ŒŽ Ž ,
Agamémnona (Greek)
Agamemnonem
x
x
agnatio-onis;
Nom. Single
x
x
x
barre, lamb;
guspand, sheep;
mis, ewe (Persian)
, ts’khvris,
lamb, sheep,
, eve,
ewe (Georgian)
avi, favourable, kind, sheep
[m], ewe; petva [m] ram,
sheep; aj•vi, sheep, cattle
meshhah, me• , bhe‘ , ura“ ,
e‘ak•, ewe
”
• , baranina, lamb,
–— ˜ , avie ka, sheep, ™,
ja, ewe (Belarusian)
jahnia, lamb (Belarus)
g ratu, lamb, kuruštû, jagnje, lamb
sheep or goats being
(Serbo-Croatian)
fattened, kal mtu,
janjetina, lamb, ovca, ewe,
female lamb, ur pu,
lamb, kid, Spring lamb, sheep (Croatian)
kid, parru, young lamb, owieczka, lamb, owca,
parratu, young female ewe, sheep (Polish)
lamb, kal mu, male
kame, lamb
lamb, young male
(Baltic-Sudovian)
animal, kal miš, like
j rs, lamb, aitas, ewe,
lambs, kimru, a
sheep, avs, ewe (Latvian)
designation of sheep,
oaie, oi ewe, sheep, sheeps,
la ru, a full grown
female sheep, pu attu, miel, lamb (Romanian)
karitsa, lammas, lamb,
young ewe, female
sheep, uuhi, ewe (Finnishlamb, immeru, sheep
and goats, sheep,
Uralic)
mountain sheep, ram,
ewe, immertu, sheep
(generic term), šu tu,
ewe, parg n u, adj.,
Ž›œ , arnáki arni, lamb,
•
žŽ , provatína, ŒŽ›V,
amnas, ewe (Greek)
,
Ÿ , garr, lamb,
voch’kharnery, sheep, , el, ewe
(Armenian)
qengj, qingj, lamb, dele, ewe,
dhen, sheep (Albanian)
arkume, lamb, ardi, ewe, sheep
(Basque)
eagle [<Lat.
aquila]
1-34
acila, CJ-1
northern
1-35
Achilles
1-36
Achloser, name
of Briseis,
concubine of
Achilles?
1-37
Agamemnon,
king of
Mycennae
1-38
agnae-ae (f),
agnus-i (m)
anninus-a-um,
of a lamb,
ovillus-a-um,
ovium, sheep,
ovis, feminina,
ewe
x
uan, lamb, caora, ewe
(Irish)
bwrwaora [f.],
chaorach, pl., a
sheep; uan
lamb, caora, ewe
(Scott)_
oen, lamb; oena, to
lamb; dafad defaid,
sheep, mamog, hesben,
ewe (Welsh)
agnello, lamb, pecora,
sheep, ewe (Italian)
agneau, lamb, brebis, f.,
sheep, ewe, agnelle,
ewe, mouton, m., sheep
(French)
awi, ewe, sheep
(Tocharian)
xabwa, xawãa, sheep
(Lycian)
hawi, a sheep
(Luwian)
acil, Script Z591,
Z1161, Z1168,
Z1662;
ACILaR, Script
Z812, Z826;
of (related by)
males, a name
Agnus
1-39
lamb [<OE],
ewe, female
sheep [<OE
eowu]; ram,
male sheep
[<OE ramm]; to
wean [OE
wenian]
1-40
acilone
(ACIL†NE) Script
K64
Achle (AKLE)
Script MM-2,
CG-1, DP-1,
LM-4?
Achl Script CH-2
Achvle Script CQ-2
ACHL†SR, CQ-3
Achmemnon
(AKMEMN†N)
Script DM-6, CG-3
Acnas, Au60
acne, Script L15;
akne, Script R258,
R334;
aknem, Script
R306?
aknesem, Script
Z1153
akneo (aknev),
Script R49;
akni, Script Z990,
Z1153, Z1792
agnina, K85
UDU, iant, sheep,
UDU.NITÁ, ram SILA¢,
lamb, TÙR, sheepfold,
warpanla, adj., sheep
sacrificial offering to
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meadow-fed sheep,
pu du, lamb, young
male sheep, a fish,
(Akkadian)
amlarasah, ¡uktam, vinegar
£¤¥¦ serke, vinegar
(Persian)
, dzmari, vinegar
(Georgian)
all , vinegar
(Akkadian)
sun god and moon god,
hawi, sheep, hawiasi,
sheeplike, saur/saun,
sheepfold, pen (Hittite)
– § ¨, vocat, vinegar
(Belarusian)
ocat, vinegar (Croatian)
ocet winny, vinegar
(Polish)
eti©is, vinegar (Latvian)
oªet, vinegar (Romanian)
etikka, vinegar
(Finnish-Uralic)
«Š¬ , aksos, xýdi, vinegar (Greek)
- ® ¯, k’ats’akh, vinegar
(Armenian)
uthull, vinegar (Albanian)
acetum-i
finegr, vinegar (Welsh)
fínéagar, vinegar (Irish)
fìonag, vinegar (Scott)
aceto, vinegar (Italian)
vinaigre, vinegar
(French)
ozpin, vinegar (Basque)
vinegar
1-41
aks, Script OU-3
GEŠTIN, wine, wian,
#wiána, wine,
winia, wian, winiant
(wine deified) (Hittite)
avi [-]tu, to, unto,
towards, aet, at?, upa,
towards, by, near; on,
upon; in, into (Avestan)
bâ, £° with, to, ±² z,
with, dar, about, as, at,
unto (Persian)
, ert’ad, with,
- , -k’en, to
(Geo i n)
saha
gadu, qadi, with, išti,
itti, prep., with, itu,
prep., with, beside,
ašar, with, instead of,
from, before, in the
presence of, n tiš, adv.,
with or like, an
enclosure, eli, to,
towards, towards, more
than, over, on account
of, on, at the debit of,
against, above, upon,
beyond, ana, to, for, up
to, toward, against,
upon, from,
(Akkadian)
separ, ¥»¦ shield;
hefz kardan, ¼½¥¤ ¾¿À to
shield, defend, protect
(Persian)
, its’avs, shield
(Georgian)
³, z, with, ´, u, to
(Belarusian)
z (sa), from, with
(Belarus)
s, with, do, to (Croatian)
z, with, do, to (Polish)
ar, with, uz, to (Latvian)
cu, with, la, to (Romanian)
kanssa, with, että, to, kohti,
towards, per, toward, at,
on, in the direction of
(Finnish-Uralic)
Œ , me, with, • V , to, Ž , na, to
(Greek)
µ¶·, het, with, ¸¶¹ , depi, to,
towards, unto, at, for (Armenian)
me, with, në, in, on, to, at, into, per
(Albanian)-tik, from, through,
cum, with,
batetik, from, batera, -rekin, with
ad, to, towards,
(Basque)
against, near,
at, until, about
le, with (Irish)
le, with (Scott)
a, chyda, efo,
chan [gan], gyda,
wrth, with (Welsh)
gant [ganin, ganit,
gantan, ganti,
ganimp, ganeoc'h,
ganto ou gante], with
(Breton)
con, with (Italian)
avec, with (French)
-tik, from, through, batetik, from,
batera, -rekin, with (Basque)
-añc, to, beside, (part.)
(Tocharian)
with [<OE
with], to,
towards,
against, near,
at, until, about
1-42
ad, Script J48
cu (CF)?, Z234,
Au76, Au86, J33-4,
PU-4, P†-4
katti-, kati, katti, with,
alongside, QADU, along
with -kan, kom, cum,
with, alongside (Hittite)
Á ¨, š yt, shield
(Belarusian)
tarca, shield (Belarus)
štit,shield (Croatian)
tarcza, shield (Polish)
vairogs, shield (Latvian)
scut, shield (Romanian)
kilpi, suoja (FinnishUralic)
Âœ••Ã, sképi, •ž¬ , aspída
shield; •  ž , prostasia
protection, ‹žV, aigis, shield
(Greek)
µ …, vahan, shield (Armenian)
scut, shield; mbroj, ruaj, to, shield
(Albanian)
aegis-idis,
shield,
scutum-i, shield
sciath, shield (Irish)
thi, sgiath, shield (Scott)
aes, astalch,
tarian-au, shield (Welsh)
scudo, shield;
difesa, defense
(Italian)
bouclier, shield
(French)
aegis, shield
English target
[<OFr. targe,
light shield];
buckler
AEKiS, Script Z46
See also EGIS,
(EbIS), Script,
R669
phalakaº, shield, buckler,
dhala, shield; carman, skin,
leather, hide, shield
kab bu, tukšu, shield,
a u, in ša a i, a
type of shield, ar tu,
shield bearer, illu,
aegis, patronage,
protection, shadow,
etc.(Akkadian)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Aesacus, son of
Priam by
Arisbe who
prophesied
destruction of
Troy
1-44
AECAI, DM-6
x
x
x
x
Aequi-orum,
people of
central Italy
x
Aequi
1-45
AECIH, J34-1
dwapara (Dwarpa Yupa,
Bronze Age), ram, bronze,
dh tuº, metal
bronz, ÄÅ¥° bronze,
felez, metal (Persian)
, brinjao,
bronze,
,
lit’onis, metal
(Georgian)
”
³ , bronza, Æ—¨ ,
mietal, metal (Belarussian)
bronza, bronze, metal,
metal (Croatian)
brÇzowy, bronze, metal,
metal (Polish)
bronza, bronze, met•ls,
metal (Latvian)
bronz, bronze, metal, metal
(Romanian)
pronssinen, bronze,
metalli-, metal
(Finnish-Uralic)
Œ• ŠŽ È V, broúntzos, bronze,
Œ• ‰‰ , métallo, metal (Greek)
É ‚…ʶ, bronze, bronze,
˶· Ì Í …, metaghakan, metal
(Armenian)
bronz, bronze, metal, metal
(Albanian)
cré-umha, bronze;
aes, aeris,
bronze,
miotail, metal (Irish)
metallum, metal efydd, bronze; metel,
metal (Welsh)
bronzo, bronze; metallo,
metal (Italian)
bronze, bronze, métal,
metal (French)
bronze, [<Ital.,
bronza], metal,
[<Gk.,
metallon]
AES, XA-36,
XB-35, DM-6;
AIS, Z525, Z263,
Z432, Z614, Z681,
Z887, Z1080,
Z1274, Z1410,
Z1591, Z1864,
XQ-4, J41-12
gû, bronze (Akkadian)
ezkutu, armarria, shield (Basque)
1-43
1-46
brontze, bronze, metal, metal
(Basque)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Aph, goddess
1-47
AF, XS-5 (see
APH)
Rtu, epoch, kAla, age, era,
period of time of ruler, k•lah,
age, epoch, yugam age,
epoch, var•a, vatsara, of age
asar, ¥ÎÏ age, epoch,
zamân, ¼ б age, period,
epoch, era (Persian)
, modis, age,
ÑÒ§•, pryjsci, age,
Ó Ô , epocha, epoch
(Belarusian)
Ó Ô , epocha, viek, age
• ˆÕ, epochí (Greek)
¸
Ö × …, darashrjan, era, age,
epoch (Armanian)
epokë, epoch, moshë, age
aetas-atis, age,
of human life,
either a lifetime
or a time of life,
teacht, age, Aga, epoch
(Irish)
tighinn, age, epoch,
epoch (Scott)
age [<Lat.
aetas], epoch?,
era [<Lat. aera,
counters]
age, (AbE), Script
R248, R334
ages, (AbES),
Script R661
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€ • , epok’a
(Georgian)
lab r tu, old age, long
duration (Akkadian)
haa, ap‚rva
âh, hân, alâ, beh, £° oh!
(Persian)
ƒ! oh! (Georgian)
(Belarus)
dob, age, epoha, epoch
(Croatian)
wiek, age, century, time,
era, epoch, period, epoka,
epoch (Polish)
vecums, age, laikmets,
epoch, (Latvian)
vârstØ, age, year century,
epocØ, epoch, era, age
(Romanian)
aikakausi, age, era,
epookki, epoch (FinnishUralic)
Ñ!, Oh!, oh! (Belarusian)
Oh!, oh! (Croatian)
Ak!, oh! (Latvian)
O!, oh! (Polish)
oh!, oh! (Romanian)
vai niin!, oh! (FinnishUralic)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table.html
(Albanian)
age
adina, age, garaia, epoch (Basque)
oed-au, age,
cyfnod, epoch (Welsh)
bloaz, age (Breton)
agio, ease, comfort,
time, età, age, years,
generation, le epoca,
period, era, time, age
(Italian)
âge, age, period, las
époque, epoch, time,
era, period, age, time
(French)
1-48
ktsaitsañe, age
(Tocharian)
Ù! O! (Greek)
oh! (Armenian)
oh!, oh! (Albanian)
ai, oh! (Basque)
ai, oh!,
interjection
of grief
OH!, oh! (Irish)
oh!, oh! (Scott)
o, och, ow! (Welsh)
ahi, ah!, aha! ouch! oh!,
oh! (Italian)
Oh!, oh! (French)
interjection, oh!
1-49
ai, Script Z530,
TC71, TC127,|
TC260, Au55,
Au71, BS21, XE-9
ote, oh!, h•. •, oh!, oy,
alas! (Tocharian)
x
x
Ajax (Romanian)
‡Ú›V, Aïás (Greek)
Ajax
ajax (Italian)
ajax (French)
Ajax
viha, air, sky;
dyupatha [m], the
air, heavenly path
vaya [-], air;
atmosphere; vayu, a
Yazad presiding over
the atmosphere
(Avestan)
havâ, ²ÛÜ , air, bâd, vây,
air (Persian)
ƒ
, sahaero, air
(Georgian)
–—¨ , pavietra, air
(Belarusian)
zrak, air (Croatian)
powietrze, air (Polish)
gaiss, air (Latvian)
aer, air (Romanian)
ilma, air (Finnish-Uralic)
• V, aeras, air (Greek)
ݸÞ, ody, air (Armenian)
ajror, air (Albanian)
aer, aeris,
the lower air,
the atmosphere
aerius
[aereus]-a-um,
lofty, person's
name
aer, air (Irish)
air, air (Scott)
aer, awyr, air
(Welsh)
aria, air; tune
(Italian)
air, air
(French)
air [<Gk aer]
Aifas (AIFAS),
†A-1, DC-1, DC-3
1-50
aire, air (Basque)
airon, (AIR†N)?
L12
1-51
nup šu, airing, tu,
air, open air, weather,
sultry weather, shining
appearance of the sun,
moon and stars, light,
open sun, a sickness
caused by exposure to
the sun or heat, a worm
(Akkadian)
mesy, åÐ copper,
bronz, ÄÅ¥° bronze,
berenj, æÅ¥° brass,
qal', çèê tin, âhah, îܲ
iron, ma'den, ¼ðòÐ ore,
mine, pit, minral, noqre,
ô¥õÅ silver, talâ, gold
(Persian)
ka.nsya, lohaja, adj.
made of copper or
iron; t•mram, copper metal,
tamrica, adj. made of copper;
tamra, copper or copper
vessel; kamsa, brass vessel,
•ram, bronze, ayas, metal,
iron, ayasah, wroueght iron,
dh•tuº, ore, rßpyam, silver,
svar“am, gold
€
, spilendzis,
copper,
,
brinjaos, bronze,
,
skhva, metal,
, titberi,
brass,
, rk’ina,
iron, •
, kila, tin,
, vertskhli,
silver, • , okro, gold
(Georgian)
an nu, erû, nu uštu,
copper, erû-a’, to mine
or smelt copper, eripu,
akkull nu, uššu,
copper object, asisû, a
word for copper,
ahuš’u, poetic
expression of copper,
la’šu, qualifying copper
ore, m su, a type of
refined gold, silver or
copper, armatu, copper
part of a door,
ammu u, t l tu, adj.,
qualifying copper,
annakum anu, tin,
maz ru, a kind of tin,
za alû, silver alloy,
gullatu, kamaru,
*kir tu, gold ornament,
ajara e, zal u, gold,
ur u, gold as a
material, ur nû,
golden (Akkadian)
Æ—ö³•, miedzi, copper,
”
³ , bronza, bronze,
¨´ ÷, latuù, brass,
– – , volava, tin, ´ö ,
rudy, ore, ü —³ , þalieza,
iron, Ò— ” , sierabro,
silver, ³ ¨ , zolata, gold
(Belarusian)
miedz, copper, varijan,
copper (Belarus)
mesing, brass
(Serbo-Croatian)
bakar, copper, bronza,
bronze, mesing, brass,
kositar, tin, pewter, ruda,
ore, þeljezo, iron, srebro,
silver, zlato, gold, ore, sol
(Croatian)
miedÿ, copper, brÇzowy,
bronze, mosiÇdz, brass,
cyna, tin, ruda, ore, "elazo,
iron, srebro, silver, zøoto,
ore, gold (Polish)
kasaje, brass, umha,
brass (Baltic-Sudovian)
var, copper, bronza, bronze,
misi$a, brass, alva, tin,
rudas, ore, dzelzs, iron,
Sudrabs, silver, zelts, gold
(Latvian)
cupru, copper, bronz,
bronze, alamØ, brass,
aramØ, copper, brass,
staniu, tin, fier, iron, argint,
silver, aur, gold
(Romanian)
kupari, metalli, copper,
pronssi, bronze, messinki,
brass, tina, tin, routa, ore,
hopea, silver, kulta-, gold
(Finnish-Uralic)
copar, copper, cré-umha,
bronze, práis, brass,
stáin, tin, méine, ore
iarann, iron, airgead,
silver, óir, gold (Irish)
copar, copper, umha,
bronze, pràis, brass,
staoin, tin, mèinn, ore,
ˆ ‰œóV, chalkós, copper, prountzos, aes, aeris,
iarann, iron, silver,
a neus, adj., of
žˆ ‰œ , oreíchalkos, brass;
airgead, òr, gold (Scott)
bronze,
Œ• ŠŽ È V, broúntzos, bronze,
copr, copper;
orichalcum-i,
œ ž
V, kassíteros, tin, ÂÕŒ ,
efydd, bronze,
copper ore,
asími, silver, ˆ %ÂóV, chrysós, gold brass,
pres, brass, tun, tin,
(Greek)
mwyn, ore, hearn
plumbum-i,
¹Ì …&, pghindz, copper, É ‚…Ê,
(heyrn-au), iron, harian,
lead, a bullet,
silver, arian, adj., silver,
bronz, bronze,
‚ƒ• , aruyr, brass, leaden pipe,
aur, gold, euraid, adj.,
plumbum
… Ÿ, anag, tin,
+, artsat’,
(Welsh)
golden
album,
tin,
silver, ‚„Í , voski, gold
stannum-i, alloy rame, copper, bronzo,
(Armenian)
of silver and
bronze, il ottone, brass,
e bakrit, copper, kazan, bronz,
lead, raudis-i,
la latta, tin, ferro, iron,
bronze, kallaj, tin, argjend, silver,
copper coin,
argento, silver, oro, gold
ar, gold (Albanian)
ferrum-i, iron,
(Italian)
argentum-i,
cuivre, copper; bronze,
kobrea, copper, brontzezko,
silver, silver
plate, aurum-i, bronze, le laiton, brass,
bronze, letoi, brass, mea, ore,
étain, tin, fer, iron,
gold,
burdin, iron, eztainu, tin, zilarra,
something
argent, silver, or, gold
silver, urre, gold, urrezko, golden
made of gold
(French)
(Basque)
Spanish, cobre, copper,
bronce, bronze, latón,
nahas, = >Å copper, brass, barunz,
brass, estaño, tin,
ÄÅ@¥° bronze, qasdayr, ¥\ðÎê tin,
hadid, ð\ðÀ iron, khama, ^Ð ` ore,
mineral, mena, ore,
fida, ^{} silver, dhahab, ~Ü• gold
fierro, iron, plata, silver,
(Arabic)
oro, gold (Spanish)
copper [<Lat
Cyprium (aes)
metal of
Cyprus],
bronze [<Ital.
bronzo], tin
[<OE], ore
[<OE ra], iron
[<OE isern],
OHGerman,
aruz, ore,
kupfer, copper,
bronze-,
bronze, Eisen,
iron, zinn, tin,
silber, silver,
gold, gold
(German),
gold [<OE],
ais, Script Z525,
Z263, Z432, Z614,
Z681, Z887, Z1080,
Z1274, Z1410,
Z1591, Z1864,
XQ-4, J41-12 see
Note (9)
See AES above
(Metal)
1-52
See also 1-138.
Golden
k ñ, B ku ne*],
copper coins, añcw i
(adj.), ancu, [B
incuwo], iron,
(Tocharian)
K para,
, copper,
K nsya,
, bronze,
Tina,
tin, r
,
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ore, L kha a
,
iron, C nd n ,
,
silver, S nu ,
,
gold (Gujarati)
baqïr, copper (Uigher)
bakõr, copper, bronz,
bronze, p r nç, brass,
teneke, t n, cevher, ore,
dem r, ron, gümü ,
s lver, alt n, gold
(Turk sh)
mis, copper, bronza,
bronze, guruch, brass,
qalay, tin, ruda, ore,
temir moddasi, iron,
kumush, silver, oltin,
gold (Uzbek)
dnkuli, adj., tin,
GUŠKIN, gold (Hittite)
grismah, samaya , summer
tâbestân,
summer
(Persian)
„ … † ‡ ,
zap’khulshi, summer
(Georgian)
*eb rû, gumatu, q u,
summer, arp ,
summer, early harvest,
ummu, summer, heat,
fever (Akkadian)
, lieta, summer
(Belarusian)
leta, summer season
(Belarus)
ljeto, summer (Croatian)
lato, summer (Polish)
vasara, summer (Latvian)
var , summer (Romanian)
kesä, suvi, summer
(Finnish-Uralic)
, kalokaíri, summer
(Greek)
€•€‚, amarr, summer (Armenian)
verë, periudhë lulezimi, summer
(Albanian)
aestas-atis,
summer,
summer
weather, heat
uda, summer (Basque)
samhradh, summer
(Irish)
samhradh, summer
(Scott)
haf-au, summer (Welsh)
Hañv, summer (Breton)
estate, summer
(Italian)
été, summer
(French)
summer [<OE
sumor]?
1-53
ait, XB-10; J23-6
aito, aitu (AITV)
Script N311, N378
zena, summer, autumn
(Hittite)
x
x
x
ƒ„…†, ádis (Greek)
Plutonem, Pluto x
Hades
1-54
AITA, PH-2
x
x
x
‡ˆ„‰ , Mídeia (Greek)
Aetine-es
x
Medea
1-55
Aiten, L34
x
x
x
Šƒ‹ Œ †, Iásonas (Greek)
x
x
Jason
1-56
Aeitheon
(AEITHVN), DF-4
x
pak ah, wing, feather, wing
of an army, k epanih
shê [ta], him, his, for
him, his (Avestan)
urâ, •Ž •• him, u• •• , he,
her, his, it, she, they,
water (Persian)
, mas, to him, to her,
, rom, to the
‘“”, jamu, to him, •–, joj,
(Georgian)
to her, — , da, to the
'-ni (sing.), -na (plur.),
(Belarusian)
him, the (Urartian)
njemu, to him, njoj, to her,
fe-va, 2nd Pers. Dat. to
prema, to the (Croatian)
him; man-u-dan, 3rd
do niego, to him, do niej, to
Pers. Abl. by, with him
her, do, to the (Polish)
(Hurrian)
vi˜am, to him, vi˜ai, to her,
uz, to the (Latvian)
šâši, ši ti (oblique,
al, c tre el, to him, pentru
singl, f.) pron. to her,
ea, to her, la, to the
the aforementioned,
(Romanian)
that, šâšu, to him, to
hänelle,
to him, to her,
her, the aforementioned,
että, to the (Finnish-Uralic)
that, ši šim, to her
(fem. sing. dat.)
(Akkadian)
bal,¢ wing (Persian)
…
, prtebi, wings
(Georgian)
nabru, a word for wing
or hand, abru, apru,
gappu, wing, fin,
kappu , wing, quill,
plumage, frond, arm,
hand, list, lobe of the
lung, side part of a
horse bit, armrest, the
region of the eyebrow,
the eyelid and the
eyelashes, idu, wing or
span, side, fathom (a
measure), bracelet,
edge, border, arm,
strength, etc., nuballu,
wing, vanguard, a trap,
mupparšu, winged,
muttaprišu, winged,
flying, muštaprišu,
winging, flying,
nussusu, to flap the
£¤¥ ¥, kryly, wings
(Belarusian)
krila, wings (Croatian)
skrzydeøka, wings (Polish)
sp rni, wings (Latvian)
aripi, wings (Romanian)
siivet, wings
(Finnish-Uralic)
‹‰ ™šóŒ, se aftón, to him, ‹‰ ™šˆ,
se aftí, to her, ‹š , sto, to the
(Greek)
›œ€ •€•€œ, nra hamar, to him,
›œ€›, nran, to her, žŸ ¡, depi, to
the (Armenian)
për të, to him, asaj, to her, i, to him,
to her, në, to the (Albanian)
alius-a-ud, adj.
and pron.
another, other,
different, eam,
Acc. fem.
singl., to her
berari, to him, to her, horri, to it
(Basque)
¦
‹ ˆŒ , paraskínia, wings
(Greek)
§Ÿ¨Ÿœ, t’ever, wings (Armenian)
krahë, wings (Albanian)
ala, ae, wings
dó, to him, di, to her, go
dtí an, to the (Irish)
dha, to him, dhi, to her,
gus an, to the (Scot)
iddo, to him, iddi hi, to
her, i'r, to the (Welsh)
al, to the, a lei, to her
(Italian)
à lui, to him, à elle, to
her, au, to the (French)
to him, to her?
to it? another?
1-57
-a-, him, her, it
-an, him, her, it
si-, him, her, it
se, for him, for her, for it
(Hittite)
sciatháin, wings (Irish)
sgiathan, wings (Scott)
adenydd, wings (Welsh)
ali, wings (Italian)
ailes, wings (French)
wings, poet., of
the oars of a
ship, squadron
al, Script Z180,
TC22, TC180,
TC137, TC266,
TC279, TC283,
TC290, TC327,
MG-1, Au43,
Au51, Au57, M32,
AF-4, AE-4, AT-7,
AJ-10, AL-1,
AN20, HT-5, VP18,
J40-13
Note (7)
alae, TC142
1-58
hego, wing (Basque)
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wings, to to shake out
hair, to wave the tail, to
rock a baby, ša tu,
wing of a bird, support,
side (Akkadian)
kasi, © ª , someone, yek
kasi, someone; yek «izi,
something (Persian)
¬ -®¯°, chto ci, someone,
± ² , nie³ta, something
(Belarusian)
netko, someone, ne³to,
something (Croatian)
ajumma, mummu,
kto , someone, co ,
someone, something,
something (Polish)
mimmû, something,
k ds, someone, kaut ko,
possessions, assets,
something (Latvian)
concerns, everything,
anything, share, portion, cineva, someone, ceva,
something (Romanian)
menim ni, somebody,
joku, someone, jotain,
something, nobody,
nothing, indef, pron.,
something (Finnish-Uralic)
mem ni, somebody,
anybody, nobody,
whatever, nothing,
indef. pron. (Akkadian)
, vinme, someone,
ˆ , raghats’,
something (Georgian)
kanchna, someone
prachalita,something
x
x
x
aliquo, some,
whither, in
some direction
or way;
ƒš , kati, something, kapoios,
aliqua, by some
someone (Greek)
road; aliqui,
¡›´ - µœ ¶€›, inch’ - vor ban,
something, •Ÿ·¡›, mekin, someone aliquae
or aliqua,
(Armenian)
dikush, someone, ndondëri, diçka, aliquod,
someone,
something (Albanian)
something,
anyone,
norbait, someone, zerbait,
anything,
something (Basque)
quisque,
quaeque,
quodque, each,
every, every
one
¸ š‹¹š , Altséti (Greek)
Alcesti
duine éigin, someone,
rud éigin, something
(Irish)
cuideigin, someone,
rudeigin, something
(Scott)
rhywun, someone,
rhywbeth, something
(Welsh)
qualcuno, someone;
qualche cosa,
something (Italian)
quelqu'un, someone;
quelque chose,
something (French)
in some way,
someone,
something?
1-59
tdike, someone,
something (Lyscian)
kike, someone,
something (Mylesian)
ti-ke, someone,
kui/kue/kua, someone,
anyone, who? what?
who what, ki/ka,
someone, anyone
(Hittite)
x
Alcesti,
daughter of
Pelion, wife of
Admetus, who
offered to die
on behalf of
him
1-60
alc, Script AN20,
DN-20,TC281,
TC321, PN-1,
J40-15
alkos, alkus
(ALKVS)
Script Z1088,
Z1097, Z1410,
Z1654
ALQO (ALQV),
J42-14
alce, Script FT-1,
AN27
alci, AN27
(See alto)
ALCeSTI, V8
xâreji, ©ºŽ » alien,
ajnabi, ©¼½º• alien,
foreign, strange
(Persian)
†
, uts’khoa, alien
(Georgian)
vide in, alien, stranger,
parajana, stranger; parak ya
belonging to another,
stranger, alien, hostile, an
enemy,
a û, foreigner, stranger,
outsider, alien, lab um,
foreigner, wabru, a type
of foreigner,
liš nu, person or people
speaking foreign
language, tongue of a
flame, blade, etc.,
liš nu, in b l liš ni,
foreign language, one
who knows foreign
language, nakru, alien,
foreign, strange, hostile
enemy, nak ru, to be
an alien, an outsider, to
rebel against a ruler, to
be at war, to be or
become an enemy, to
cause enmity, to engage
in hostilities, to change
a border line, to change
a treatment, to change
position (said of a
planet), to be changed,
etc., par su, to alienate,
separate, to sever
relations, to divide a
number, a whole, to
staunch (flow of
liquids), to cut off
(deliveries, income,
activities, messengers,
etc.), to stop, to block,
etc., paš ru, to be
alienated, annulled, to
be reconciled, to relent,
to dispel (illness, evil,
etc.), to cause to untie a
rope, to calm, to be
calmed, to free, to free a
person, ru, foreign
chief, ub ru, stranger,
guest-friend, foreign
guest, resident alien, a
bird, wabr tu, status of
a foreigner, stranger
(Akkadian)
°±² ¾ “ ¯, in³aziemiec,
alien, °±²¥, insi, another
(Belarusian)
cuzy, adj. foreign,
strange (Belarus)
stranac, alien. jo³, another
(Croatian)
obcy, alien (Polish)
rzemnieks, alien (Latvian)
str in, alien (Romanian)
aliena, to be alien; alina, to
alleviate, comfort, toinen,
another, ulkomainan, alien
(Finnish-Uralic)
eachtrannach, alien (Irish)
coimheach, alien (Scott)
estron, alien (Welsh)
alienare, to alienate,
aliena, alieno, alien
(Italian)
aliéner, to alienate,
extraterrestre, alien,
l'étranger, foreigner,
alien, stranger (French)
‰¿ÀÁˆ Œ , exogíino, alien (Greek)
ÂÀœ, otar, alien (Armennian)
i huaj, alien (Albanian)
Alien?, alien, Atzerriko, foreign
(Basque)
alieno-are, to
transfer to
another,
etc.;
alienus-a-um,
belonging to
another;
alienus, a
stranger
la i (adj.) [B
aletstse*], alien, not
related, indifferent,
lu-ype i (adj.), from
another country
(Tocharian)
taim i-, tam i,
dam i-> other, another,
damais, other, taki,
foreign, other, rahtsa,
rahtsia, alien (Hittite)
alien,
[<alienus],
belonging to
another, other,
to transfer to
another,
estrange,
stranger
foreign? [<Lat.
foras, outside]
aleni, Script M45
1-61
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chad, to nourish; niija, to
wash, cleanse; nijyate, to
nourish; paripuS, to
nourish, foster, po akah,
pu Äikara, nourishing
thrâzdûm [thrâ] to
thrive, to nourish, to
make prosperous
(Avestan)
parvaresh dadan, ÅŽ•ÆÇ
È•È to nourish, nurse,
nurture, keep,
parvâr, nourishment
(Persian)
„
,
sazrdoobs, to nourish,
† ‰ , daudga,
nourishing (Georgian)
zaz/³-, to feed (Hurrian)
muš kilu, feeder,
ppurveyor (title of an
official), fattener,
muš kil tu, feeding
animals (Akkadian)
anya, anyah, bhinna
dygar, Æ×Ö ØÈ other
(Persian)
, skhva, other
(Georgian)
ulÙ, another (Urartian)
'olia, another, k-ki
a-ku-ta, the one to the
other (Hurrian)
£É° ± ¯®, kvitnieÊ,
to nourish, £É° ± ËÌ¥,
kvitnieju«y, nourishing
(Belarusian)
karmic, to feed
(Belarus)
hraniti, to nourish,
cvjetanje, nourishing
(Croatian)
karmiÊ, to nourish,
odÍywczy, nourishing
(Polish)
plaukt, to nourish,
uzplaukums, nourishing
(Latvian)
hali, to eat, s înfloreasc ,
to nourish, înfloritor,
nourishing (Romanian)
kukoistaa, ravita, to
nourish, nutritiivinen,
nourishing (Finnish-Uralic)
°±²¥, in³y, other
(Belarusian)
drugo, other (Croatian)
inny, other (Polish)
cits, other (Latvian)
alte, other (Romanian)
muut, other (FinnishUralic)
Œ Î ¹Ï‰ , na thrépsei, to nourish,
š ¹ÐÀ, tréfo, to feed, nourish,
nurture, nurse, ƒŒÎ…‹…, ánthisi,
nourishing (Greek)
Ñ›µ¨ÒŸÓ, snuts’yel, to nourish,
Ô€Õ·µ¨›, tsaghkun, nourishing
(Armenian)
për të ushqyer, to nourish, ushqej,
to feed, i begatë, nourishing
(Albanian)
elikatu, to nourish (Basque)
ƒ †, állos, other (Greek)
€ÚÓ, ayl, other, otar, alien
(Armenian)
tjetër, other (Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table.html
alo, alere, alui,
altum [for
alitum], to
nourish,
support,
rear, feed;
hence in
gen. to
strengthen,
increase,
promote,
alimonium-i,
nourishment,
almus-a-um,
Abl. Single -e,
maker
alis, alid, old
form of alius -aaliud
kaTutA, visara, tikta , bitter
x
to nourish
[<Laat. nutrire],
nourishing,
kind,
flourishing,
nutritious.
1-62
ale, Script Z622,
Au49, DN-1
ALeR, Script M67
alme, J36-3
isp i-> be satiated (Hittite)
eile, other (Irish)
eile, other (Scott)
eraill, other (Welsh)
altro, other (Italian)
autre, other (French)
of another,
other, [<OE
ther], different
alis, TC141
1-63
beste, other, another (Basque)
lak (pron.), [B allek],
another
kbi(je)-, kbija , other,
another (Lycian)
taim i-, tam i,
allû, other, the other,
that, eberta, ebert n,
other bank, on the other
bank, ebertu, other
bank, other side,
n bertu, otherside of a
river or the sea,
crossing, crossing fees,
šanû, another,
something else, other,
second (of two or
more), second quality,
second in rank,
šan tam, another time,
a second time, again,
ull nu, other than, as
soon as, apart from
(Akkadian)
x
dtreis, to nourish, faoi
bhláth, nourishing (Irish)
a 'soirbheachadh, to
nourish, soirbheachail,
nourishing (Scott)
i ffynnu, to nourish,
maethlon, nourishing
(Welsh)
nutrire, alimentare,
to nourish, fiorente,
nourishing (Italian)
nourrir, alimenter,
fomenter, entretenir,
to nourish, florissant,
nourishing (French)
tmai/tme, other,
second, dam i-> other,
another, damais, other,
taki, other, foreign,
priawan, other, on the
other side (Hittite)
x
x
x
x
x
Alisa, name
1-64
1-65 deleted
Alisa, VP-6
chub'ud, ÈÛÜ ÝÛÞ, aloes,
barzard, ÈÛÜ ÝÛÞ aloes,
talx, ßã bitter (Persian)
,
, aloe,
mts’are, bitter
(Georgian)
marru, adj., bitter,
brackish, biting, mar u,
bitter, grievous, severe,
impregnable,
inaccessible, difficult,
diseased, sick, mur ru,
bitter lettuce, murru,
bitter taste, mar ru, to
be bitter, to prevail (said
of military force),
mar iš, bitterly, with
difficulty, with pain,
lemnu, fateful, hard,
unhappy, dangerous,
unlucky, ill-boding,
magically evil and
dangerous, wicked, evil,
evil, bad, morally bad,
bad (in taste and smell),
appu, bitter, stinking,
arpiš, adv., bitterly,
grieviously, loudly
(Akkadian)
å 攤 ì, Saburað, aloes,
ô ¤¥Ì, hory«, bitterness
(Belarusian)
aloje, aloes, gor«ina,
bitterness (Croatian)
aloes, aloes, Gorzkie,
bitters (Polish)
alvejas, aloes, rögtums,
bitterness (Latvian)
aloe, aloes, am r ciune,
bitterness (Romanian)
karvasvesi, bitters
(Finnish-Uralic)
ó…, alói, aloes, ¦ ó ¦ šó, pikró
potó, bitters (Greek)
€Óµ›Ÿœ, aloner, aloes, §œ•ÂÕ¡,
t’rmoghi, bitters, ž€‚÷, darry,
bitter (Armenian)
mjet purgativ, aloes, ilaç i hidhur,
bitters (Albanian)
aloe-es
aloes, aloes, bitters,
bitters, (Irish)
aloes, aloes, bitters,
bitters (Scott)
aloes, aloes, chwerwon,
bitters (Welsh)
aloe, aloes, amaro,
bitters (Italian)
aloes, aloes, bitter,
bitters (French)
aloes,
bitterness,
purgative,
alose (ALVSE),
J22-3
x
x
x
gorrotorik, bitterness (Basque)
Albanus-a-um,
of Alba;
Alba-ae
Alpes-ium,
Alpes, albus
-a-um, white,
dead, pale or
bright;
sometime
making bright;
fig. fortunate
x
1-66
Alba, oldest
Latin town
Alpes-ium,
Alpes
Alp, BE-25
Alpan, BE-14
1-67
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vaxshat [vaxsh], to
edhita, grown, increased,
grow, wax, increase
pradh na , chief, a , lord,
pati , adhi-, master, prati Äh , (Avestan)
bâleù, úý grown, þÿym,
high honor, ud ra, majestic,
!"#Ü great, almighty,
grand, mahatma, great soul
magnificent, massive
(Persian)
‰ „
, gaizarda,
grown,
, didi,
great (Georgian)
alsu(i)- , great
(Urartian)
tal v(i)-o-$i, ³av(i)- -$i,
³av-, ³avo³e, great, big,
te%-, to grow up, to raise
(Hurrian)
rabbû, great, large,
rabû, great, powerful,
huge, imposing,
fortified, extensive,
massive, important,
full-grown, adult,
senior, elder, of first
rank, chief, principal,
main, large, weighty,
grievous, significant,
majestic, etc., rabû, to
become great, to grow,
to become superior, etc.,
nam’adu, greater,
remaining greater part,
majority, increase,
narbûtu, greatness,
great power(s), rabâtu,
greatness, majesty,
rabûtu , greatness,
majesty, magnanimity,
generosity, rap šu, to
grow larger, be
enlarged, to be spread
out, to increase, etc.,
el pu, to grow,
disappear, to come out
of the temple, depart,
escape, to expand,
widen, increase,
strengthen (persons)
(Akkadian)
— ¤ - ¥, darosly, grown,
É‘ °£°, vialiki, great
(Belarusian)
odrastao, grown, Sjajno,
great (Croatian)
wielki, great, large, big,
grand, dorosøy, grown
(Polish)
lieliski, great, audz ti,
grown (Latvian)
alt, someone; inaltu,
inaltul, inalti, great, high,
Grozav, great, mare, great,
large, high, mighty,
crescut, grown (Romanian)
loistava, mahtavaa, great,
korkea, high,
täysikasvuinen, grown
(Finnish-Uralic)
‰š ˆ, exairetikí, great,
‰ Á &Œš , kalliergo+ntai,
grown (Greek)
•ŸÔ, mets e, great, =€@ŸÒ, achets’,
grown (Armenian)
rritur, grown, i madh, great
(Albanian)
‰¿
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altus-a-um
handia, great, hazi, grown (Basque)
sneha, love prema, divine
love, pra ayah, love, k min,
amorous, prone to love,
vayasya , a friend,
companion, adve Ä\, not an
enemy, a friend;
abhyantaraka, an intimate
friend; an canuvartin, a
faithful lover or husband,
mitra, vayasyah (sy , sya^),
friend
tad+, love; tad-i, he
loves; tad-os-sa, he
loved; tad-os-o, you
loved (Hurrian)
âbu, to love,
abb bu, unn nu,
lover, r matu, love,
ru’ mu, ul u, to make
love, d du, love
making, object of love,
darling, favorite,
r ’im tu, love,
affection, friendship,
râmu, love,
lovemaking, to fawn?,
to flatter?, to caress
each other, menu, to
love, to become fond of
soomeone, ra’mu, adj.,
loved, ru’ mu, love,
lovemaking, affection,
seductiveness, charm,
r ’im nu, lover, close
friend, ru’u, friend,
companion, re’mu, adj.,
friend (lit. beloved),
damiqtu, atteru, ebru,
friend, dumqu, friend,
favorite, atter tum
friendly, friendliness,
good luck, dumuqtu,
grown, great
1-68
alto, altu (altv),
Script Q871
alti, Script Z1654
tämp, chämp, to be
powerful, ok u (adj.),
full grown, ok- (vb.tr.)
[B auk-], to grow, let
grow,
ok iññ- (vb.) [auks-], to
grow, sprout
(Tocharian)
maiant, grown up man
(Palaic)
mashani, to make grow,
mashahit, growth,
prosperity (Luvian)
urtu-, great (Mylean)
salli-, big, great,
salana/salani, great, big,
large, large, important,
full-grown, vast,
principal, main, head,
chief, notable,
saladr/salan, greatness,
kingship, rulership,
GAL, big, great, chief,
mai/mi, to grow, to
thrive, to prosper, to be
born, mies, grow, to be
born, miadr/mian,
growth, proliferation,
abundance, increase,
parkie/a, park, to
grow, to lift, to elevate,
to raise, iatniant,
growing, Ywali, great ,
meki, adv., greatly,
much, in large numbers
(Hittite)
cakana [kan] kâ [-], kam,
vañtâ love, affection,
friendship (Avestan)
esq, `{Ü love, afection,
passion, mahr, Æ|}
affection, love, liking,
Mithra, signet, dust
dâštan,
to
love, fancy, like, want,
dust,
friend
(Persian)
Š
†
,
siq’varuli, to love, love,
‰
, megobari,
friend (Georgian
iontach, great, fhás,
grown (Irish)
sgoinneil, great, fàs,
grown (Scott)
yn wych, great, tyfu,
grown (Welsh)
grande, great, cresciuto,
grown (Italian)
génial, great, cultivé,
grown (French)
, kacha , to love,
, kachannie, love,
, siabar, friend
(Belarusian)
ijubav, ijubiti, voleti, love
(Serbo-Croatian)
voljeti, to love, ljubav,
love, prijatelj, friend
(Croatian)
kocha , to love, przyjaciel,
friend (Polish)
m l t, to love, mila,
m lest ba, love, draugs,
friend (Latvian)
a iubi, to love, dragoste,
love, amice, friend
(Romanian)
rakastaa, to love, rakkaus,
love, mieltymys,
preference, affection, love,
ystävä, friend (FinnishUralic)
V, 'agapás, to love,
, agápi, love, €•V, fílos,
friend, ‚ƒ„V, eros, love, courtship
(Greek)
…†‡ˆ‰, sirel, to love, Šˆ‡, Ser,
love, ‹Œ•ˆ‡, ynker, friend
(Armenian)
për të dashur, to love, dashuri, love,
mik, friend (Albanian)
N'
maitatu, to love, maite, love,
maitalea, lover, Lagun, friend
(Basque)
amo-are, to
love;
amicus, amica,
friend
a ghrá, to love, grá, love,
cara, friend (Irish)
gaol, love, fondness,
beloved object, gaolach,
adj. loving, beloved,
gràdhaich, va. to love,
caraid, friend (Scott)
anwyledd, anwyliant,
love, fondness; serch,
affection; cariad-au,
strong love, ffrind,
gyfaill, friend
(Welsh)
karout, love (Breton)
amare, to love;
amico, amica, friend
to love [<OE
(Italian)
aimer, to love, like; ami, lufu]
friend [<OE
amie, friend (French)
fr ond], care
{<OE cearu]
tunk, love, ort*, friend,
ortum, adj., friendly,
1-69, 1-70
Žrta- [B ŽrttŽ-], love,
praise, approve, adopt,
kŽpñune, love, beloved,
devotion, kŽpñe, lover,
beloved (Tocharian)
asa-: 3rd asati, to love
(Lycian)
asi, atsa, to love,
ssiy tar, love, asiur,
asiadr/asian, love, ass,
assie/a, to be loved,
asiwant, lover, siunesas
asiur, love of the gods,
aras, ra, friend, tksul(a),
friendly, tksulae, to be
friendly, to agree, to
make peace, taksur,
friendship, #genzuwala,
friendly (Hittite)
am, Script Z161,
Z1628, Au27,
230, Au98,
XA-35
ama, Script Z1227,
K26, Q521, Q551,
Q775, R584, R607,
TC329, K178,
CP-20
AMaPa, Script
Q351, Q424, J8,
216, Q84, Q95,
R499, R644;
AMaPE , Script
R394;
amar, Script M78,
Q692, AO-1
ame, Script TC127,
TC161, K6, Au35,
Au46
amem, Script
173;
AMiCE, AJ-4
amo (AM•), Script
Au95, 173
ami, Script Z1359;
PA-4;
amie, AR-3
AIMeR, Script S22
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ru’ tu, to become
friends, gammilu,
friendly, obliging,
šud du, lover, nar mu,
he who loves, free will,
beloved one, favorite,
consent, good will,
volition, minute, adj.,
loveable, m ru, lover,
darling, expression of
affection, young,
offspring, etc., iš û,
lover, husband, armu,
lover (male), muštarqu,
secret lover,
muštarriqu, secret
lover (lit. one who
enters steathily),
murt mû, lovers,
u,
lovemaking, laughter,
mirth, tart m , mutual,
love, btu, in b l bti,
friend, benefactor,
ruttu, woman friend,
companion (Akkadian)
x
x
x
Amphiaraüs (Greek)
x
x
Amphiaraüs,
Greek seer
Amphiare; CI-1,
DC-5; See also
Hamphiare
1-71
yâ, ‘• or, y
“ a,‘•” whether,
if (Persian)
, tu
, an, or, †
ara, whether,
, tu, if
(Georgian)
•, abo, or, •–, Ci,
whether, (Belarusian)
abo, conj. or, abo....abo,
alaše-, whether, if
either....or, albo, or
(Hurrian)
(Belarus)
a, an, or before vowels, or, vŽ,
ili, or, da li, whether,
or, whether, yadvaa,
k ma, conj., whether,
when, that, so that, if, in (Croation)
kachchith, or
lub, or, czy, whether
case, in the manner of,
according to, as soon as, (Polish)
as, because, on account vai, or, whether (Latvian)
of, šumma, whether, if, sau, or, dac—, whether
either-or, u, l, la,
(Romanian)
lu, conj., or
tai, vai, or, onko, whether
(Akkadian)
(Finnish-Uralic)
nó, or, cibé acu, whether
(Irish)
no, or, co-dhiù, whether
(Scott)
ai, neu, or, ynteu, or,
then, therefore,
p'un ai, whether (Welsh)
se, if, whether, o, or
(Italian);
˜ i, or, ™, an, ean, whether (Greek)
si que, if that, qu'il
•›œ, kam, or, whether (Armenian) an, conj., or,
s'agisse, whether; ou,
perhaps, , surely or, si, if (French)
nëse, whether, qoftë, if, se,that,
not, utru , conj.
ose, or (Albanian)
interr. whether, epe (conj.) [B epe], or,
sive, seu, conj., kupre (adv.inter.) [B
edo, or, ala, whether (Basque)
kwri, krui], if, when?,
or if, or,
kupre-ne (conj.), if, if
whether....or,
ever, when (Tocharian)
utru..an, or
conj. or, [<OE
oththe],
whether,[<OE
hwether], if
[<OE gif]
1-72
ebi; tibe, or (Lycian)
kibe, or (Mylian)
an, Script Z10, Z19,
Z224, Z439, Z681,
Z648, Z1662,
Z1809, Z1835,
A 42, 100,
462, Q253, Q360,
Q369, Q396, Q416,
Q813, Q863, R359,
R394, R542, K20;
MS20
nasma, or, -ku, or,
whether, man, if,
whenever, whether...or,
takku, if, taku, if,
when, ku ku,
whether..or, both...and if
(Hittite)
x
kaTi, hip
x
cârband, bande
rân, kafal, hip;
(Persian)
ƒ €, hip (Georgian)
gil u, hip, flank
(Akkadian)
x
x
azhish [azhi] a snake, a
dragon (Avestan)
sarpa¨, serpent, virut, a snake f’y, ©ª« viper, mâr, ¬‘or worm; svaja, viper; pha i, snake (Persian)
serpent; ajagara, large serpent, ‰
, gveli, snake,
boa
serpent (Georgian)
asq du, snake, also a
rodent, nir u, a little
snake, mušma u, a
Ana, name (Romanian)
x
Anna-ae [f],
sister
of Dido; Anna
Perenna, an
Italian
goddess
• ž Ÿ
, tazabiedrany,
hip (Belarusian)
kuk, hip (Croatian)
cze¡ p, hip (Polish)
gurns, hip (Latvian)
¢old, hip (Romanian)
lonkka, hip (FinnishUralic)
£¤¥ •, ischío, gofos, hip;
(Greek)
¦†§, hip, hip (Armenian)
hip, hip (Albaninan)
coxendix -icis,
hip
Anca, name (Romanian)
x
® Ÿž¯ , hadziuka, viper,
ž° , zmieja, snake,
serpent (Belarusian)
vuz, vuzaka snake
(Belarus)
poskok, viper, zmija, snake
(Croatian)
±mija, viper, w²±, snake,
serpent (Polish)
viper, odze, viper, ³ ska,
snake, serpent (Latvian)
•¥£ , ochiá, viper, ´£, fidi, snake,
serpent (Greek)
µ†§ˆ‡, viper, viper, ¶·‹, odzy,
snake, serpent (Armenian)
nëpërkë, viper, gjarpër, snake,
serpent (Albanian)
suge, snake, serpent (Basque)
name, Ana?
x
1-73
Ana, Script AJ-17;
AO-3; see Note (5)
Anas, Au22, L51
cromáin, hip (Irish)
hip, hip (Scott)
clun-iau, hip, (Welsh)
anca; hip; anche, adv.,
also (Italian)
hanche, hip; (French)
hip, haunch
Ancus-i (name)
x
Ancus, Anchas, Anca, Script RA3
name referring Anchas, Script
to Zeus as swan CX-1
chasing
emesis
1-75
anguis, snake,
serpent,
viper-ae, viper,
snake
serpens-entis,
serpent
viper, viper, nathair,
snake, serpent (Irish)
viper, viper, nathair,
snake, serpent (Scott)
gwiber-od, viper, adder,
neidr, nadroedd, snake,
sarff, serpent (Welsh)
vipera, viper, serpente,
snake (Italian)
vipère, viper, serpent,
1-74
snake [<OE
snaca], the
constellation
Drako or Hydra
the Serpent
anc, Script Z516,
Z598
ancuis (A CFIS)
Script Z10
1-76
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mythical snake,
ru, snake, jug,
ar aru, ar’u,
šamm nu, šibbu,
urnu, ulma u,
pu m u, a snake,
allamtu, a snake, a
tree, a plant, a bird, a
black stone, probably
basalt, kupp , a snake,
eel-like fish, a bird,
kur indu, a snake,
plates of armor, a
hatchet, napp tu, a
snake, irtu, female
snake, plant, šeleppû,
snake, turtle, uršašillu,
a kind of a snake
(Akkadian)
x
ak¸aya, aabda, varsha,
vŽr¸ika, yearly, var¸e, var¸e,
adv., yearly
x
x
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serpent (French)
Žr¸al [B ar¸Žklo], snake
(Tocharian)
viper—, viper, ¢arpe, snake
(Romanian)
kyykäärme, kyy, viper,
käärme, snake, serpent
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
iluyanka/elyanku,
snake, serpent, MUš,
snake (Hittite)
x
saredha [-], ýâre [-] year
(Avestan)
sâl, ¹‘ year (Persian)
,
tselitsadi, year
®•Ÿ, hod, year (Belarusian)
(Georgian)
sioleta, adv. this year
(Belarus)
šavalli, year, šavalla,
godina, year (Serboyears (Hurrian)
Croatian)
rok, year (Polish)
šattu, year, season,
metan, year (Balticharvest time,
iššaddagdiš, šaddagda, Sudovian)
adv., last year, šanassu, gads, year (Latvian)
year, every year,
an, ani, year(s) (Romanian)
annually, šattišam,
vuosi, year (Finnishyearly, every year,
Uralic)
šattussu, every year,
each year (Akkadian)
‚º•V, etos, year, ¥ƒó™•V, chronos,
year, time (Greek)
»›‡†, tari, year (Armenian)
vit, year (Albanian)
x
x
x
Anio-enis and
poet Anienus-i
anupad, anvalabhana, handle;
danda, stick, club, pole,
handle;
pis az, before, qabl, ÂÃÄ
before, former, previous,
a, akama, akrta, akhata, puras, front (Persian)
before, in front of, purata¨,
agre, before, prŽka, before
qadma, adv.,
(of time, succession, etc.),
before?,mi irtu,
atikrŽnta¨, preceding,
before, ahead of,
foregoing
vanguard, lead, front
side, front part, in front
of, counterpart,
equivalent, answer,
copy of a document,
opposite, in the likeness
of, level with, lapani,
prep., before, by, from,
½¾ , ru³ka, handle
(Belarusian)
akazija, nahoda,
opportunity,
occassion (Belarus)
rukovati, handle (Croatian)
uchwyt, handle (Polish)
rokturis, handle (Latvian)
mâner, handle (Romanian)
kahva, handle
(Finnish-Uralic)
Å Ÿ • °, pierad tym,
before (Belarusian)
pierad, in front of, before
(Belarus)
prije, before (Croatian)
przed, before, against, in
front of, in advance
(Polish)
pirms tam, before (Latvian)
ante, before, Înaintea,
before, in front of
(Romanian)
ennen, before
1-77
bliain, year (Irish)
blwyddyn; year; eleni,
adv. this year
(Welsh),
bliadhna, pl.
bliadhnachan, year
(Scott)
anno, year (Italian)
année [f] an [m], year
(French)
annus, anni
Urte, year (Basque)
borli, forli, brvãs', year
(Lydian)
uhe/i- year (Lycian)
year [<OE
g ar]
1-78
uitti, a year, w tt-, wit,
witant, year, wetantadr
/wetantan, period of a
year, usin, usin, yearly,
every year, uhatsata,
yearly tribute, yuga,
yugasa, yearling, a year,
MU, a year (Hittite)
Anienus, name, x
of the river
Anio (L
Anio-enis and
poet. Anienus-i)
daste,¼ handle, troop,
shaft, slew, squad, team,
troupe, etc., (Persian)
† , sakheluri,
handle (Georgian)
n tu, handle?, akru,
šumû? handle, q tu,
handle, hand, paw, self,
person, power of gods,
authority, possession,
custody, charge, care,
control, handiwork, etc.,
ki ru, handle,
meterorite?, lump,
obstruction in a canal,
treasures, structures,
mountain fastness, etc.,
uznu, handle, part of a
plant, understanding,
wisdom, attention, ear
(Akkadian)
river Anio?
Anio (Italian)
€ ¿˜, laví, handle cheirizomai,
cherouli, handle (Greek)
•›‡À›µÁ‡ˆ‰, kargavorel, handle
(Armenian)
trajtuar, handle, dorëz, dorezë,
handle, glove mundësi, opportunity
(Albanian)
ansa-ae,
manubrium,
handle
kudeatzeko, handle (Basque)
ƒ£™, prin, before (Greek)
Œ›Æ•†ŒÁÇœ,
nakhkinum, before (Armenian)
para, before (Albanian
aurretik, before (Basque)
láimhseáil, handle (Irish)
làmh, handle (Scott)
carn-au, hoof,
hilt, haft, handle;
coes-au, handle, stem,
stalk, handlen, handle
(Welsh)
manico, handle (Italian)
manche, handle (French)
Aninies, name
Ania, Script Z1578
Aniia, Br-4
anna, Script K1,
K26;
anas, Script Au22;
ane, Script Z648;
ani, Script Z92,
Z489, Z508,
TC248, A -1,
A 12, A 31
Aninies, PL-2
1-79
handle [<OE
handlian], an
opportunity,
ans, Script R447,
TC176
1-80
entsŽl, handle, grip
(Tocharian)
ante, adv.;
antea, before,
formerly
roimh, before (Irish)
roimhe, before (Scott)
cyn, soon; gerbron [ger],
gerbron, cherbron, cher
dy fron, cher ei bron,
before (Welsh)
devanti a, prima di,
before (Italian)
avant, devant, before
(French)
before, [<OE
beforan],
sooner
[<OE sona]
than
1-81
ant, Script 391;
anta, Script R363,
R664
See also:
pre, Script
435, 469, Q162,
R31, R92, L65;
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in front of, on account
of, lama, conj. and
prep., before, p tu,
before, in accordance
with, on account of,
beside, in front of,
opposite, geometric
figure, short side of a
piece of immovable
property, vanguard,
expanse of land, façade, (Finnish-Uralic)
frontpiece, front (of a
god, person or animal),
forehead, trapezoid,
person, self, a stone,
muttiš, paniš, adv.,
before, in front of, ašar,
before, with, in the
presence of, from,
instead of (Akkadian)
bartari budan, È ÉÊ ËÌËÊ
to excel, exceed,
outrank, xubi,
excellence; besyâr
xub, vâlâ, sarâmad,
excellent, jelo, ÉÍÏ
anterior, advanced,
beforehand (Persian)
atikrŽmati, to excel, outdo,
vaksayati, to cause to
strengthen, excel, atiricyate,
to be more, purva, being
before, earlier, to the east,
preceding, ancient, agrah,
anterior, prior, previous
•
anapär, anaprä, before,
in the face of, anaprŽ¸,
pp., before, ŽptŽ, adv.,
before, early, earlier
(Tocharian)
paran, parani, before, in
front of (Luvian)
paran, parani
kar , before, previously,
PANI, before, under,
peran, before, in front
of, in presence of
(Hittite)
°
Å• ŠŠП –, kab
atryma pospiech, to excel,
piaredni, anterior
†
, sauk’eteso, (Belarusian)
excellence,
, tsina, daskanaaly, adj., perfect,
excelent (Belarus)
anterior, (Georgian)
za izvrsnost, to excel,
prednji, anterior (Croatian)
at ru, exceed in
celowa , to excel,
number and size,
surpass in importance,
poprzedni, anterior, former,
quality, be more
previous (Polish)
important, richer,
izcelties, to excel,
increase, atri ,
priekš jais, anterior
exceedingly, in
(Latvian)
addition, m tell tu,
pentru a excelaanterior,
excellence, me l tu,
to excel before, anterior,
excellence, prowess,
anterior (Romanian)
maturity, mature age,
kunnostautua, to excel,
lab ru, previous,
original, former, owned etu-, anterior
for a long time,
(Finnish-Uralic)
inherited, customary,
established, traditional,
remote, ancient, etc.,
pan tu, previous, prior
time, earlier, front part,
hamutta, previously,
promptly (Akkadian)
ƒ£¤ºÑÒ„, aristévo, to excel,
ƒ•‚¥„, proécho, excel, come
first, be urgent, ƒ• •ÒÓÑ™•V,
proigoumenos, anterior (Greek)
›ÔÕ† ‹Œ•Œˆ‰, ach’k’i ynknel,
excel, Œ›ÆÁ‡Ö, nakhord, anterior
(Armenian)
për të shkëlqyer, to excel, i
mëparshëm, anterior
(Albanian)
bikain egiteko, to excel, gainditu,
to exceed, aurretik joateko, to go
before, antzinako, former, ancient
(Basque)
aiwyô, ap, apa, âfsh,
water (Avestan)
âb, ×” water, (persian)
Š
, tsqali, water,
, mdinare,
river (Georgian)
šiye, šije, water, river,
tarm-, to drink (Hurrian)
ambu salila; vAr, water
audakah, jala, aquatic,
pertaining to water
m ma, water, qerbu, a
body of water,
a terrestrial or cosmic
region, middle of a
country, a city, inner
part, inside, a building,
an object, etc., therein,
therefrom, thereto, adv.,
inner side, inner face,
proximity, intestines,
insides, mind, heart,
meaning, risnu, bath
water, laigar, cosmic,
subterranean water,
arabû, water flow, mû,
water, fluid, liquid
matter (other than
water), basin (of metal)
for washing the hands,
etc., asikilla, holy
water, lilu, qualified
water, pat qu, to drink,
masque, drinking place,
a drinking vessel,
watering place,
ikiši tu, n rtu, river,
canal, n riš, like a river,
ubur, river of the
ether World
(Akkadian)
Ø Ÿ , vada, water,
, raka, river
(Belarusian)
vada, water (Belarus)
voda, water, Rijeka, river
(Croatian)
navodniti, voda, water
(Serbo-Croatian)
woda, water, rzeka, river
(Polish)
undan, water; apis, river
(Baltic-Sudovian)
dens, water, upe, river
(Latvian)
apa, water, râu, river
(Romanian)
vesi, water, joki, river
(Finnish-Uralic)
£Ñ£ ™Ñƒó, na
piei neró, to drink water, £ ™
£„, gia na pio, to drink (Greek)
ÙÁLJ, jur, water, Æœˆ‰ÁÇ ÙÁLJ,
khmelu jur, to drink water
(Armenian)
burim, source; ujë, water; ujis, to
water (Albanian)
nero, potizo, water, ™
ur, water, edateko, to drink, edaria,
drink, ibai, river (Basque)
anto -ire -
barr, to excel, chun barr
feabhais a bhaint amach,
to excel, roimhe seo,
before this (Irish)
a bhith air leth
soirbheachail, to excel,
rhagori, excel, an taobh
a-muigh, anterior (Scott)
i ragori, to excel, tu
blaen, anterior (Welsh)
eccellere, to excel
anterior, adj. earlier,
fore, front, (Italian)
exceller, to excel
anteriéur-e, adj.
previous, former,
anterior, prior, (French)
to go before,
excel [<Lat.
excellere],
exceed
1-82
anta, Script 363,
R664;
anter, Script 74,
R349;
anto (A T•),
Script G39;
antor (A T•R),
Script R56, R72
sanetsi/sanits,
excellent, first-class,
outstanding, pleasant,
tasty, fragrant,
ianissan, annaz,
previously (Hitttite)
uisce, water, abhainn,
river (Irish)
bùrn, bùirn, g. v. fresh
water;
uisge, water, abhainn,
river (Scott)
dÚr, water, dwfr
{dyfroedd, i yfed dÚr,
to drink water, afon,
river (Welsh)
dour, water (Breton)
acqua, water, bere, to
drink water, fiume, river
(Italian)
aqua-ae, water
eau, water, boire de
poto-potarewater [<OE
l'eau, to drink water,
potavit
waeter]< drink,
rivière, river (French)
potatum and
[<OE drincan]
potum, to drink;
ap, water (Illyrian) Žp* river [<Lat.
bibere; to drink [B Žp], water, river,
ripa, bank],
water,
stream,
PIE*ap, hap,
wär , water, kŽÛk*, the
1-83
water
river Ganga?
(Tocharian)
kofu, water (Lydian)
xabe, a river (Lycian)
# aku-, to drink, hapna,
hapa/i, river (Palaic)
hapi, a river, hapina/i,
little river, stream
(Luwian)
ap, Script Q253,
Q396, Q767, Q908
apa, Script AF-1;
ape, Script Q253,
Q263, R121, R128,
R142, R156, R294;
S50
apen, Script Q460
api, Script 670,
700, 738; MS24
BeR (8eR) or BiR,
MS-23
See Beros
beros (BER•S),
Script R426
1-147
watenas, watar;
egw, gw- , hu, drink,
ekw-, akw-, ekuzi,
eku/aku, eku/gu,
gu,#ekw, akw, to
drink,-w tar, water,
drink, hapas, hapa,
river, ÍD, river (Hittite)
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avâiti [av], ayãn
[ayare],aêiti, [ to go, to
come (Avestan)
raftan,
to go, go
away, depart,
(Persian)
tyaj.h; gAtave, caradhyai, to
go, apakr mati, to go away,
depart, tyajati, pari-, to
leave, forsake, abandon
, isci, to go away
(Belarusian)
pakidac, v. imp. palinuc,
v. perf., leave (Belarus)
oti'ci, razi'ci se, depart
(Serbo-Croatian)
, ts’asvla, to go, oti i, to go away
to go away (Georgian) (Croatian)
odej , to go away (Polish)
ul-, to go, u/ol- to start
aiziet, to go away
going, (Urartian)
(Latvian)
itt-, ab-an-to go, far-, to s plece, to go away,
go, walk, set off,
a merge, go,
(Hurrian)
s se îndep rteze de,
to depart (Romanian)
duppuru, to go away,
mennä pois, to go away,
to absent oneself, to
poistua, to depart (Finnishexpel a person, to
remove an object, to be Uralic)
removed, nag šu, go
away, to leave, to
wander around, to run
about, to rove, stroll,
rêqu, go away, to
withdraw, to depart, to
recede, to become lost,
to keep something
away, to remove
adhvaryu, a priest who would
measure the ground, build the
altar, prepare the sacrificial
vessels , fetch wood and
zaota [zaotar] priest,
water, light the fire, & bring
officiating priest
the animal and immolate it
(Avestan)
while reciting the Vedas,
tvij, sacrificial priest, yastri,
priest, purohit h
rouh ni, ruh ni, €•‚ƒ
clergy, divine, man of
God, priest, sacred,
shiek, spiritual,
Š‹Œ•Ž, sviatar, priest
(Belarusian)
sve enik, priest (Croatian)
kapøan, priest (Polish)
priesteris, priest (Latvian)
preot, priest (Romanian)
pappi, priest
(Finnish-Uralic)
, gia na fygei, to go
away,
, na páo, to go,
,
fýgo, depart (Greek)
, herranal, to go away,
depart, W-ts'ke; E-toghe
(Armenian)
ik, to take off, të largohesh, to go
away, për tu nisur, to depart
(Albanian)
urruntzek, to go away (Basque)
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chun dul amach, to go
away (Irish)
falbh, to go away,
fuadaich, to drive
away; theirig, va.
irr. to go;
(Scott)
i fynd i ffwrdd, to go
abeo, abi-itum, away, i fynd, to go
to go away; ire, (Welsh)
to go; vadare, to mont, to go
(Breton)andare, to go;
go fast;
andarsene, to go away
(Italian)
aller [fut.irai, iras, ira,
irons, irez, iront], to go;
abeo-ire, 2nd
partir, to go
away (French)
pers. abis
,
->, go, iya-> go, march,
p i->paii/pai, pi/pai,
#pai, pae, to go, pi/pai,
to go, to pass, to go past,
to go by, rnu, to go,
to go away;
note S50 is
used in the
context of
departing;
Etr. apen may
be 3rd pers.
plural "they go
away";
Apis-is,
Egyptian
ox-god
1-84
apa, Script AF-1;
ETP114*
ape, Script Q253,
Q263, R121, R128,
R142, R156, R294;
S50
apen, Script Q460;
api, Script N670,
N700, N738,
MS24,
Apis, XV-11
make something go,
transport, to deport,
ske/a, to be going
(Hittite)
•, papás, priest (Greek)
•
, k'ahana, priest
(Armenian)
prift, priest (Albanian)
sacerdos
sagart, priest (Irish)
sagart, priest (Scott)
offeiriad, priest (Welsh)
abate, priest (Italian)
abbé, priest (French)
priest?
apa, Script AF-1;
ETP114*
1-85
kumaza- , priest,
mahanahid, priesthood
(Lycian)
apaiz, priest (Basque)
parkunu-> clean, purify,
siuntsana, siuantsana,
a kind or priestess,
referring to the divine
mother ana, mother,
sopi(e)sra, priestess,
purified woman (Hittite)
âkhund, „€…†‡ evangilist,
preacher, priest,
theologian,
mollâ, ˆ‰ medium,
mullah, priest, spiritual
(Persian)
, mghvdeli,
priest (Georgian)
abriqqu, edamû,
maqalt nu, kumru,
lagarru, lumakku, a
priest, pašišu, a priest
(lit. anointed one),
išibgallu, chief
purification priest,
išipp tu, craft of the
purification priest
(Akkadian)
x
x
x
x
x
x
— ˜, lýpi, sorrow (Greek)
™ š, ts›av, sorrow (Armenian)
pikëllim, sorrow (Albanian)
dolerem
qam, ’“ sorrow,
anguish, distress,
sadness, unhappiness,
anduh, anguish, grief,
sorrow, etc. (Persian)
,
mtsukhareba, sorrow
(Georgian)
”•Œ•–, smutak, sorrow
(Belarusian)
tuga, sorrow (Croatian)
smutek, sorrow (Polish)
skumjas, sorrow (Latvian)
întristare, sorrow
(Romanian)
suru, murhe, sorrow
(Finnish-Uralic)
brón, sorrow (Irish)
bròn, sorrow (Scott)
tristwch, sorrow (Welsh)
affano, uneasiness,
breathless, sorrow,
tristezza, sorrow, triste,
sad (Italian)
chagrin, sorrow, triste,
sad (French)
Aph; appears to
be an Etruscan
goddess of
fertility; Greek
goddess of
childbirth
Aph, Script Au102,
N123, Q433, Q475,
R306, R314, R437,
R447, R521, R596
1-86
anut pana, anu oka
okas‘caka (f. cik ),
mournful, sorrow
nahigabea, sorrow (Basque)
hic=uh=o/ul-, sadden
(Hurrian)
praty khy ti, to refuse, hvu,
hvute; hvauti, hvate,-ti, hide
x
aphano (AœANV)
AC-4
1-87
klopiññ-, sorrow,
express sorrow
(Tocharian)
edirtu, idištu, sorrow,
lumun libbi, sorrow,
distress, anger, eclipsed
state, grief (Akkadian)
x
sorrow, [<OE
sorg],
uneasiness
x
radd kardan, •žŸ ž to
refuse, overturn prohibit, •¡”¢Š •, admovicca,
etc., (Persian)
to refuse (Belarusian)
abeo-ire, 2nd
pers. abis
x
£ ¢ ¤ , arnoúntai, to refuse,
£ ¥¤ , arneítai deny (Greek)
¦ § ¦š , hrazharvel, to refuse,
abnuo,
nuere-nui
negare, to deny
x
diúltú, to refuse, deny
(Irish)
go away?
Apis-is,
Egyptian
ox-god
1-88
Apis, XV-11
to refuse, [<Lat. apne, Script Z629,
AH-1
refundere],
admonish, deny apni, Script L38
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, uari
t›k›vas, to refuse,
, uarqop›a,
deny (Georgian)
from, refuse, deny, vivadate,
deny, na icchati, to decline
x
d -h®k , corroborate, anuman,
rocate, to approve, abhyanuj,
Apana, to make acceptable to
another corroboration, arhati,
merit
*mâ’u, to refuse, to
want, to be willing, to
be unwilling, *mâzu, to
refuse?, nak ru, to
refuse, to expel evil,
disease, etc., to go into
exile, to countermand,
changed, to change, to
move away, to deny, to
remove an inscription,
to demolish a building,
to undo, etc., kalû, to
deny a wish, delay,
distrain, hinder, prevent,
stop, etc., ukkušu, adj.,
refusing, dismissive,
removed, (Akkadian)
x
tasvib kardan, ¯°…±²
•žŸ to approve, ratify,
enact ravadashtan,
³´ž´ƒ to approve,
tolerate, sanction,
sathqaq dashtan, µ•¶· ¸´
³´ž to merit, earn,
deserve
(Persian)
,
damtkits›eba, to approve
,
damsakhureba, merit
(Georgian)
qubbulu, to accept
(Akkadian)
x
x
admawlac, v.imp.,
admovic, v.perf. deny
(Belarus)
odmítnout, to refuse,
pop¨ít, deny (Czech)
odbiti, to refuse, pore i,
deny (Croatian)
atteikties, to refuse,
noliegt, deny (Latvian)
a refuza, to refuse
(Romanian)
jätteiden, to refuse,
kieltää, deny
(Finnish-Uralic)
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§©ª , zhkhtel, deny (Armenian)
refuzoj, refuse, të refuzosh, mohoj,
deny, negate, disown, retract, rat,
(Albanian)
uko, refuse, ukatu, to deny
(Basque)
purgamenta, to
refuse
refundo
-fundere
fudi -fusum, to
pour back,
make overflow]
by a jesture,
deny
dhiùltadh, to refuse,
dhiùlt, deny (Scott)
gomedd, to refuse, deny,
forbid; gwrthod, to
refuse, deny, decline,
forsake; naca-u, to
refuse, deny,
repulse; nogio,
nogi-,refuse (Welsh)
negar, to deny,
rinnegare, refiutare, to
refuse (Italian)
neir, to deny, démentir,
refuser, to refuse
(French)
[<Lat.
denegare]
apnis, Script TC71
1-89
ma, do not! (Tocharian)
mimma->,
mimma/mimm, mima,
mim to refuse, reject
(Hittite)
x
¢¹ ¢¡¢ºŽ‹»Œ, on
odobryayet, to approve,
¼• ½•¾•, zasluga, merit
(Russian)
¼• Š»Ž¡¼ ¿, zacvierdzi ,
to approve, ¼• ½•¾•,
zasluha, merit (Belarusian)
pryjmac, v.imp., pryniac,
accept, receive (Belarus)
schválit, to approve,
zásluhy, merit (Czech)
odobriti, to approve,
zasluga, merit (Croatian)
zatwierdza , to
approve, zasøugiwa , to
merit (Polish)
apstiprin t, to approve,
nopelns, merit (Latvian)
aprob , to approve,
merit, merit (Romanian)
hyväksyä, approve, ansio,
merit (Finnish-Uralic)
x
« ¬ ó——
(Greek)
•, O Apóllonas
À£¥ , enkrínei, to approve,
epidokimazo, approve; Á¥ i, axía,
merit, dryo, egkathisto, establish
(Greek)
ª ªÃÄÅ, hastatum, approve,
¦§ Æ•, arzhanik›, merit
(Armenian)
miratoj, pëlqej, to approve, meritë,
merit (Albanian)
Apollo-inis
approbo-are
to approve of
meritus, merit
onartzeko, to approve, meritu, to
merit (Basque)
x
cheadú, to approve,
fiúntais, merit (Irish)
aonta, to approve,
dealachadh, merit
(Scott)
arddelu, to claim,
own, approve; profi, to
taste, try, feel, approve,
teilyngdod, merit
(Welsh)
approvazione,
approbation;
approvare, to approve,
merito, merit (Italian)
approbation,
approbation;
approver, to
approve, mérite, merit
(French)
Apollo
1-90
to approve of,
assent to,
prove,
establish, to
make
acceptable to
another;
merit
APvLO (APLV),
CAA-4, CT-2
APVLV CD-1,
SD-1, DQ-1
aprob (APRV8),
Script N268, N341
1-91
malae, mala/mal
/malae (mla/ml/mlae?),
to approve of,
maliasha, approval
(Hittite)
x
x
x
Apronai,
woman's
name, probably
Ronai
Apronai,
Script BS-5;
See also Ronai
1-92
tarâsidan, to shave
(Persian)
, gaparsva, to
shave,
,
ch›anats›vleba, to
abrade; (Georgian)
muÇ-ayati, shave the head,
vap, vapati, -te, to shave,
shear
nAdhas, refuge, aid;
ajira, area, court; aÏsa,
corner of altar
ara, spoke of a wheel, or
spoke of altar shaped
like a wheel
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naq ru, to scrape out,
to eat away, to erode, to
cut (stone), to carve, to
hew out, to demolish,
engrave, etc., es pu,
together, collect, to
gather, to gather up, to
decant, to shovel,
al su, to scrape off
plaster, etc., m keku,
scraper, scratcher,
mumarr tu, scraping or
combing tool
(Akkadian)
mahrab, дŸ·‰ altar,
communion table,
sanctuary (Persian)
(Persian)
,
samskhverplo, altar
¾•½ ¿, hali , to shave,
•º¡¼ Ž• ¿, abdzira , to
abrade (Belarusian)
halic, v.imp., ahalic, shave
(Belarus)
obrijati, to shave, izbrisati
to abrade (Croatian)
goli siÈ, to shave, ociera ,
to abrade (Polish)
sk‘ties, to shave, izdzert,
to abrade (Latvian)
s se absoarb , to abrade,
shave, b rbierit, shaving
(Romanian)
ajella, to shave; pilkkaa,
to abrade (Finnish-Uralic)
•½Œ•Ž, altar, altar
(Belarusian)
awtar, altar (Belarus)
oltar, altar (Croatian)
oltá¨, altar (Czech)
Á £¥É¤ , xyríste, shave
¢¤£¥Ê ɘ, apotríchosi, abrade
(Greek,
 ˦š , sap›rvel, to shave, Ì ÍÆ
• Î, depi k›agh , to abrade,
(Armenian)
për rruajtje, to shave, për të
abraduar, to abrade (Albanian)
abrado -radare
-rasi rasum;
apparatus
um, apparatus?
bizarra egitea, to shave (Basque)
¬ ÑÒ¬ÓÔÕ¬, Agia TRAPEZA,
altar, thysiastiro, bomos, ÖÀ¤ ɘ,
éktasi, area (Greek)
×à  ΠØ, zohaseghany, altar
(Armenian)
altar, altar (Albanian)
ara, altar
area-ae a level
place,
court-yard
a thrádáil, to abrade, a
shave, to shave (Irish)
le bearradh, to shave, a
dh 'ionnsuidh, to abrade
(Scott)
a eillio, elli, to shave,
razor, i abrade, to abrade
(Welsh)
chun sárú,
erodere, to abrade
radere, to shave (Italian)
raser, to shave, abraser,
to abrade (French)
to scrape off,
[<ON skrapa],
abrade [<Lat.
abradere]
shave [<OE
scaefan];
squeeze
out; apparatus
sp. of splendor,
magnificense,
pomp?
allor-au, altar;
arwynebedd,
area (Welsh)
altóir, altar (Irish)
altair, altar (Scott)
altare, altar,
altar [<Lat.
altaria-ium, an
erection upon
an altar, high
altar], refuge
area
aprato (APRaTV),
Script N216
1-93
ar, Script Z842,
Z1662, TC66,
N206, Q821, AR-1,
NC-1, SM-1, BS-6,
AR-1, BT27, AC-2,
CP55; see Note (6)
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area, area (Italian)
autel, altar; aire, area
(French)
(Georgian)
gu šu, altar made of
reed (Akkadian)
oøtarz, altar (Polish)
altare, altar (BalticSudovian)
alt ri, altar (Latvian)
alttari, altar (FinnishUralic)
aldare, altar (Basque)
kârayeiti, to
sow, cultivate
(Avestan)
xis, ÙÚ† plow,
soxm zadan, to
plow (Persian)
, gut›ani, to
plow (Georgian)
halam, plow, ksetram, prepare
or till; laggala, plough; sIra,
plough, plow -ox; skr,
prepare, cultivate (land),
adorn, think of; vap, vapati,
te, sow, throw out,
scatter seed, cast dice;
roheyati & ropayati, te, raise
up, erect, plant, sow, heal,
curekSetram, prepare or till,
karsati, -te, to pull, tear,
bend, bend a bow, draw
furrows, plough,
* ar šu, to plow,
rubûtu, plow drawn by
four oxen, ussukku, a
plow, talm du, a plow,
assistant, arbu, a
special kind of plow,
field plowed with the
arbu plow, arbu, in
rab arbii, kar tu,
plowing, agricultural
work, muš lû, a plow, a
tick or strap used for
lifting, part of a lock of
a door or canal, rišu,
plowman, ikkaru,
plowman, farm laborer,
farmer, small farmer (of
a larger organization),
farm bailiff, overseer,
plow animal, emû,
plowshare, rubûtu,
plow drawn by four
oxen, muš lû, a plow, a
stick or strap used for
lifting, part of the lock
of a door or canal
(Akkadian)
•Ž• ¿, ara , to plow
(Belarusian)
arac, v. imp., to plow
(Belarus)
za oranje, to plow
(Croatian)
orac, plow, pøug, to plow
(Polish)
arkls, to plow (Latvian)
artahas, to plow (BalticSudovian)
s ard , to plow
(Romanian)
kyntää, to plow, aurat,
plows (Finnish-Uralic)
aara, a yard, estate
(Lydian)
qrbblali, xaha-, xahadi,
altar (Lycian)
harpali, a religious
thing, istan na-, altar,
altar table, istanana,
altar (Hittite)
£ Á , na aráxo, to plow;
kallievgo, cultivate; agroktima,
farm (Greek)
ÃÎØ, hoghy, to plow (Armenian)
çan, plow, për të çarë, to plow,
lëroj, plugoj, plow
(Albanian)
céachta, plow, chothú,
cultivate (Irish)
àr, va. plough, till,
cultivate; àr,
ploughing, tilling
cultivating (Scott)
aradr, plow,
arddu [aredig], to
plow, garddio, to
garden (Welsh)
coltivare, arare, vi., vt.
aro-are, to plow,
to plow, arare, scavare,
exaro-are, to
plow (Italian)
plow
cultiver, to cultivate;
labourer, to plow,
sillonner, to furrow
(French)
golde, plow, goldatu, to plow
(Basque)
re*, plow (Tocharian)
GIŠAPIN, plow,
1-94
ara, aras?, ari? see
ar below
ar, Script Z842,
Z1662, TC 66,
N206, Q821;
ara, Script Z40,
Z1274, Z1386,
to plow, [<OE
ploh], cultivate K31,TC80, VF-2,
XE-8;
[<Med. Lat.
arai, S40;
cultivare<Lat.
aras, Script K31;
colere];
garden [<ONFr. ari, Script TC220,
N63
gardin]
aro (ARV) Script
altar,
Q283, Q488
harrow [<Me
aros (ARVS), Script
harwe], to
Z1153
plow, harrow.
See also, esari,
1-95
Script Q863
hars, to plow, to till,
terippie/a, tre/ipie/a, to
plow, tre/ipi, plowed
field (Hittite)
dâvar, ƒ´ž arbitrator,
judge, supremen
authority, qazy, Û•Ü
judge, magistrate,
pretorian, dâdvar, ƒž´ž
judge, justice,
fair-minded,
(Persian)
, arbitri,
arbitrator,
,
mosamartle, judge
(Georgian)
dharmastha, judge; vettR,
knower, witness;
karmasAksin, witness;
aparokSay, yati, to witness
daj nu, judge, daj nu,
to act as a judge, dânu,
to judge, to render
judgment, to start a
lawsuit, to start
litigation, to be judged,
daj n tu, status of a
judge, d ’in tu,
judgeship, d nu,
judgement, decision,
verdict, punishment,
legal practice, law, law
article, case, lawsuit,
claim, court, na lu, to
judge, be visible, to
wait, to own, to have a
dream, to inspect, let
see, to observe, to be
attentive to, to witness,
to have eyesight, to
look, to look on, to look
at a person, to look
kindly on, to look at the
light, the sun, etc.,
ni lu, judgement,
opinion, appearance,
twinkling of an eye,
wink, gaze, glance,
look, ability to see,
eyesight, looks, kiparu,
a high judicial official,
*patipr su, judicial or
•Žº ŒŽ, arbitr, arbitrator,
•¡¡¼‹, suddzia, judge
(Belarusian)
sudêdzia, judge (Belarus)
arbitar, arbitrator, suditi,
judge (Croatian)
arbiter, arbitrator, sÈdzia,
judge (Polish)
ÝÞ®rßjtiesnesis, arbitrator,
tiesnesis, judge (Latvian)
arbitru, arbitrator,
judec tor, judge
(Romanian)
tuomari, judge, arvioida,
välimies, arbitrator
(Finnish-Uralic)
å ¤˜¤æ•, diaititís, arbitrator;
dikastis, judge, judge (Greek)
¦èƪ¦, arbitr, arbitrator,
Ì ª šÃ¦, datavor, judge
(Armenian)
gjyqtar, judge, arbitër, arbitrator,
vlerësues, evaluation, judge, dënoj
me (Albanian)
arbitro, arbitrator, epaileak, judge
(Basque)
arbiter-tri,
judge, witness,
arbitrator
eadránaí, arbitrator,
Breitheamh, judge
(Irish)
neach-riaghlaidh,
arbitrator, britheamh,
judge (Scott)
cymrodeddwr, arbitrator,
barnwr, judge; beirniad,
adjudicator, arbiter,
critic, judge (Welsh)
arbitro, arbitrator,
giudice, judge (Italian)
arbitre, arbitrator, juge,
judge (French)
judge, [<Lat.
judex, judge],
witness,
arbitrator
1-96
arberture
(AR8ERTVRE),
Script N417, R20,
R77, R349, R417,
G12, G25, G35
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administrative official,
mušt lu, judicious,
thoughtful
circumspect,š pi u,
judge, high
administrative official,
district governor
(Akkadian)
c pa, dhanuì, dhanva, bow,
astra, dart, bow, arrow;
banasana, bow
kamân, ••ï bow, arc,
crescent (Persian)
, mshvildi,
bow,
,
t›aghovani, arch
(Georgian)
qaštu, bow, archer, a
constellation or star,
bow fief, i.e., land
granted by the king that
was obliged to outfit an
archer, qaštu, in b®t
qašti, bow case, išpatu,
bow case, quiver,
kuppupu, uttuqu,
bowed, bent,
qadad niš, qaddiš,
adv., bowed, hunched,
šal u, bow and arrow
case, tilp nu, bow?,
(Akkadian)
½•–, luk, bow (Belarusian)
schilacca, v.imp., schilicca,
v.perf., bow; uklon, bow
(Belarus)
øuk, bow (Polish)
ark, bow (BalticSudovian)
loku, bow (Latvian)
arc, bow (Romanian)
keula, bow; kaari, arc
(Finnish-Uralic)
¤óÁ¢, tóxo, arc, bow, crossbow
(Greek)
Î ÎØ, agheghy, bow
(Armenian)
harc (Albanian)
bwa, bow, arch, arc
(Welsh)
bogha, bow (Irish)
bogha, bow (Scott)
arco, bow (Italian)
arc, bow (French)
arcus-us
añcäl, bow, knäsw-, to
bow (Tocharian)
bow, [<OE
boga] arch, arc
1-97
arc, Script TC127,
TC236, TC260,
PL-10
arku, bow, arch (Basque)
kaj kardan, •žŸ õ to
bend, curve (Persian)
,
tsarmart›on, to bend
(Georgian)
akoða, aôka, aôkas, añc,
sidh, sedhati, -te
x
anu u÷, to dry up, zyAna, adj.
dry; ajira, atasa, air
kâpu, to bend, kap pu,
bend, to become bent,
to curve, to wrap
around, kap u, to bend
over, to curl, to droop,
kepû, to bend, blunt,
kan šu, to bend, to
bend down, to submit to
an overlord, a deity, to
submit to a decision, to
force into submission,
to make submissive, to
bow down, to construct
an incline, to subject
oneself, to make bow, to
subjugate, kan nu, to
bend down completely,
to be curled, to contort,
to become contorted,
twisted, to coil, to twist,
to make twisted,
contorted, coiled, lâdu,
to bend, be shamed?,
qad du, to bend down,
to bend, to bow, to
cause to bow down, to
incline, to prostrate,
ab ru, to bend, slant,
*lubbuttu, brick arch?,
mušapši u, supporting
arch, ittu, architrave,
šurru, to bend, lean in a
certain direction,
descend, go down, etc.
(Akkadian)
x
vaya [-]. vayu, a Yazad
presiding over the
atmosphere (Avestan)
havâ, ´…û bâd, ž•ü vây,
þ´ƒ air; xoÝkân, •„€•ÿ$†
to air, to dry, desiccate
(Persian)
, haershi, to air
(Georgian)
nup šu, airing,
napištu, air hole,
opening, livelihood,
•¾¹• ¿, sahnu , to bend
(Belarusian)
uhinac, v.imp., uhnuc,
bend, deflect; pavarot,
curve (Belarus)
savijati, to bend (Croatian)
zgina , to bend (Polish)
saliekt, to bend (Latvian)
a îndoi, to bend
(Romanian)
taivuttaa, to bend (FinnishUralic)
— ¥É , na lygísei, to bend,
£Ê¢ ¤ •, árchontas, lord,
magistrate, master, archo, to
command, rule, reign (Greek)
ö • ÃÄ
Å ¦,
t›yek›yelu hama, to bend
(Armenian)
lakoj,të përkulësh, to bend, bindem,
thyej, vendoj, to bend;
kthesë, bërryl, grafik, bend [n],
(Albanian)
okertu, bihurtu, to bend (Basque)
x
Argos
%•Š»ŒŽ•, pavietra, to air
(Belarusian)
na zrak, to air (Croatian)
w powietrze, to air (Polish)
gais , to air (Latvian) a
aerisi, to air (Romanian)
kuivattaa, to make dry,
kuivaa, to become dry,
ilmaa, to air
(Finnish-Uralic)
ɤ¢ Ö£ , ston aéra, to air,
exaerizo, aerizo, ventilate (Greek)
+ÌÃÄÅ, odum, to air (Armenian)
për të tharë, to dry up; për të ajrit,
to air ajros, ajroj,ventilate
(Albanian)
airea, air, airera, to air, lehortzen, to
dry (Basque)
arceo-ere, to
shut in
arca-ae [f] a
chest or a
money-box or
coffin; also a
cell; arcus-us, a
bow, arch, arc;
esp. the
rainbow;
arcuo-are, to
bend or shape
like a bow;
gyrare, to
revolve, circle
or spiral
Argos and
Argi-orum
areo-ere
arcas, Script AJ17,
VG-11;
arce, Script N53,
Q117, Q521, Q683,
R499
arces, Script N31,
bend, to bend (Irish)
N290, N320, N341,
a 'lùbadh, to bend (Scott) to bend, to arch,
N500, N529, N561,
anelu, to bend, aim,
to curve, to
N598, N632, R278,
attempt; to bend, gwyro, bend, to
Script N21,
camber?, to
to swerve, curve,
N53, N280, N476,
shut in; to keep
digress, slope, list,
N522, N660, Q65,
at a distance,
stoop, bend, duck
R370, R457
hinder, prevent,
(Welsh)
arkia, XA-2
curvare, arcuare, to bend keep away
arcis, Script N63
(Italian)
arcio (ARCIV),
1-98
arquer, to bend,
Script N304, N333,
curve, arch (French)
N543, N582, N632
Q723, R270
arcamen, Script
Q331;
arkani; Script Q871
see arco below
x
aeir, to air (Irish)
gu @adhar, to air Scott)
awyro, to air,
ventilate, aerate
(Welsh)
aerare, to air,
ventilate (Italian)
aérer, to air, ventilate
(French)
arco, arcu (ARCV),
Argos, capital
Script R314;
of Argolis in
arcos, arcus
the Peloponese?
(ARCVS), Script
1-99
TC-7
to air, to be
dry? to
ventilate?
are, Script Z769
1-100
h tanz, dry; h d->
hat/ht, hatnu, dry, to dry
up, htnu, to cause to dry
up, hates, htes, to
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breath, body, somebody,
person, living beings,
etc., nappašu, air vent,
small window, archer›s
loop-hole, opening an a
canal, opening of the
nose (Akkadian)
x
x
become dry, htantia,
dry land, trs (tars), to
become dry, to make
dry (Hittite)
x
x
Aurelius-a-um
x
name,
Aurelius-a
um?
arelis, Script Z963
1-101
es, esati, to creep or
slide; tsar, tsarati, to
creep, steal, sneak
upon
xazidán, •„°\† to crawl,
creep (Persian)
,
shemogeparot›, to creep
(Georgian)
al lu, to creep, steal,
slink (Akkadian)
devata, a god, divyat ,
divine nature, n rakaì,
infernal hell, j tiry tu
ras talam, place of
punishment, lower world
27 of 40
%•^¼•`• , pa{zu|asci,
to creep (Belarusian)
za puzanje, to creep
(Croatian)
przera}a , to creep (Polish)
sl®dßt, to creep (Latvian)
pentru a creea, to creep
(Romanian)
ry~stää, to creep
(Finnish-Uralic)
,
boh padziemnaha svietu,
god of the underworld,
, padziemny
sviet, underworld,
€, apramietnaja,
netherworld, •‚ ,
,
boh, god, piekla, hell
daêum [daêva] Daeva,
(Belarusian)
god, false god, devil,
bog podzemlja, god of the
daêva, daêvi [daêvî],
underworld, podzemlje,
god (Avestan)
underworld, bog, god,
jhan khaky,
Pakao, netherworld, hell
underworld (khaky,
(Croatian)
world), 'lm mvat,
netherworld, hell bóg podziemi, god of the
(Persian)
underworld, mƒt,
, kseli,
underworld, bóg, god,
netherworld,
,
piekøo, hell (Polish)
ghmerti, god,
pag„nu dievs, pazemes
, jojokheti, pasauli, god of the
hell (Georgian)
underworld, pazeme,
underworld, hell, dievs,
ni-, god (Hurrian)
god, ell , hell (Latvian)
zeu al lumii interlope, god
qadmu, digirû, elu,
of the underworld, lumea
maš u, n bu, god,
interlop…, underworld
dingiruggû, dead god,
(lumea, world, interlopa,
danninu, irkallu,
nether world, epru, in
underworld), t…râmul de
b t epri, netherworld,
jos, (land down)
kukkû, a name for the
netherworld, dumnezeu,
netherworld, lammu, a god, iad, infern,
name of the netherworld
netherworld, hell,
and a star (Akkadian)
underworld (Romanian)
alamaailman jumala, god
of the underworld,
Jumala, god, alamaailma,
underworld, manalaan,
netherworld, helvetti, hell,
hiisi, hell, devil (Finnish)
ÉÖ£ ¤ erpo, na sérnetai, to
creep, sernomai, to creep (Greek)
Â
, sahel, to creep (Armenian) erepo -repere
për të zvarriten, to creep (Albanian) -repsi-reptum
sartzea, to creep in (Basque)
creep, to creep (Irish)
a 'cromadh, to creep
(Scott)
cripio, to scratch,
claw, climb, creep;
cropian, to creep, crawl,
grope (Welsh)
spaventare, trascinarsi,
striciare, to creep
(Italian)
ramper, to creep
(French)
Dia an domhain, god of
the underworld, domhan
thíos, underworld,
ifreann, hell (Irish)
Dia an t-saoghail, god of
the underworld,
†‡ˆ‰ V Érevos, Erebus, qˆóV,
saoghail, underworld, lìn
theós, god, ZˆŠV, ‹eus, Jove,
nan iolaire, netheworld,
Jupiter, Œ•Ž• Œó•‘ V, káto kósmos,
ifrinn, hell (Scott)
underworld, Œó’“•”, kólasi, hell,
Duw y dan-ddaear, god
of the underworld, isfyd,
••”V, ádis, Hades, underworld,
Erebus-i,
god
of
underworld, uffern, hell
inferno (Greek)
(Welsh)
the
underworld;
–—˜™š›œ›œ•ž ›—˜™š›œ,
the underworld; dio degli inferi, god of
Astuatsatsin astuats, god of the
the underworld,
Erebeus-a-um,
underworld, –—˜Ÿ›œ, Astvats,
malavita, underworld,
god, ¡˜ž•ž, getnin, underworld, adj., Deus-i,
inferi, netherworld,
¢¡˜¡£Ÿ™£¤, Netervord,
inferno, hell (Italian)
god, Tartarusdieu des enfers, god of
netherworld, ¤¥™¦§, dzhokhk¨,
os-i-a-orom,
the underworld, le
hell, (Armenian)
hell, infernus,
monde souterrain,
zot i nëntokës, god of the
adj., beneath, of netherworld,
underworld, zot, god, bota e
underworld, enfer, hell
the
lower
krimit, underworld, ferr, hell
world, infernal, (French)
(Albanian)
the shades, the
lower world
mafiaren, underworld, jainkoa,
A nkiit, B nakte, god
Inferni, hell
god (Bas©ue)
(Tocharian)
to creep [<OE
creopan] out,
creep up or
over
arepe, Script N290,
N444, R278
1-101
Erebus, the god
of the
underworld,
netherworld,
hell, {<OE
helle], inferno,
a name for hell
1-102
ciw (tsiw), god (Lydian)
tiuna, #tijaz, #tiuna, god
(Palaic)
LIM, LUM deity,
DINGIR, sius, #šiu,
šiun, siu/siuna,
siuanant, god, (Hittite)
Arepes, Script N31,
N500, N561, N598,
N632
deus (TEFS), deis
(TEIS)
Context at L20:
TEªeNS (TE8eNS)
TEIS, divine gods,
‹1243, K20, K124,
K129, M19,
‹1265,‹1243, K23,
K114, M21, ‹1265,
BT-9, Q62
dei, (TEI), ‹935,
‹1326, ‹1562,
‹1848, ‹1869,
TC179, N453, Q50,
Q422, R459, K20,
Aph-4, OM-8, L18,
L49, L56, K18,
XA-11, CP23,
Q240, ‹806,
deia, (TEIA), XJ-9,
deiva (TEIFA),
PL-30,
AITA, Hades, PH-2
x
x
Ares (Romanian)
«‡”V, Áris (Greek)
Ares-is, (Latin:
Mars, Martis
[old form
Mavors]
x
Ares, Greek
god of war, Lat.
Mars
1-103
Ares, Script N529
Aris, Script XM-1
(See Etruscan
Marti, Marties)
x
x
x
x
x
x
name,
Ariphmus?
1-104
Ariphmo
(ARI¬Mª), Script
R644
x
x
x
x
x
x
unknown
name?
1-105
Aritisi, Script Aª-1
„yas-, armour for body,
breastplate; „yudhin, astram,
weapons, astrak„ra, maker of
weapons, astragr„ma,
collection of different
weapons, k®t„stra, skilled in
archery; kasutari, short spear
aslahe, ¯°±² arms,
weapons, armor
(Persian)
, iaraghi, arms
(Georgian)
³, zbroju, arms
(Belarusian)
oru´je, arms (Croatian)
ramiona, arms (Polish)
ieroµus, arms (Latvian)
arme, arms (Romanian)
ase, weapon, aseet, arms
(Finnish-Uralic)
ó¶’“, ópla, arms (Greek)
·¡ž§¡£¸, zenk¨yery, arms
(Armenian)
armëve, arms (Albanian)
arms, weapons
armai, Script S-37
„yas-, armour for body,
breastplate; kaºitra, armour
for hips or loins; jagara,
zereh, »¼½ armor, gordi,
zin, armour (Persian)
, mklavi, to arm
¾¿À, uzbroiÂ, to arm
(Belarusian)
uzbrajeennie, armament
ÃÄ“ Å“ ¶’Æ•ˆŽˆ, gia na oplísete, to
arm (Greek)
ǡȧ¸, dzerrk¨y, to arm
kis tu, weaspon or axe,
kakku, a specific
weapon, symbol, tool,
shaft, barb, thorn, a
formation of the exta, a
sign predicting certain
events, (Akkadian)
arma-orum
besoak, arms, armak, arms,
weapons, armatzeko, armor,
hornitu, to e©uip, arm, armada,
gudaroste, army (Bas©ue)
airm, arms (Irish)
armachd, arms (Scott)
arfau, weapons (Welsh)
armi, weapons (Italian)
armes, weapons
(French)
1-106
ERINME¹, army,
KARAŠ, troops, army
(Hittite)
armo-are
go lámh, to arm (Irish)
gu arm, to arm (Scott)
i fraich, to arm arfod,
to arm, fit out
1-107
armone,
(ARMªNE), Script
Q53
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(Georgian)
armour; tanutram, armour,
kANDIra, armed
with arrows; cApin,
armed with a bow;
dhAlin, armed with a shield;
kaÊkaºaka, armour, mail
x
x
kiškattû, armorer,
caftsman, engineer (as a
category of soldier),
furnace, kiln, oven (of
the smith, potter, etc.),
smith,
x
x
(Belarus)
uzbroiÂç, to arm (Polish)
ruku, to arm (Croatian)
uz roku, to arm (Latvian)
pentru a arma, to arm
(Romanian)
aseita, to arm with
weapons (Finnish-Uralic)
x
x
Ö
€
b,
nachabnaja naha, brazenfooted,
• ¿×‚,
bronzavy kaciol, bronze
caldron (Belarusian)
bezobrazne noge, brazenbronzy, ÎÏÐÑÒ adj.,
bronze, dig, ÓÔÕ caldron, footed, bronµani kotao,
bronze caldron (Croatian)
pot, copper (Persian)
bezczelny, brazem-footed,
,
brØzowy caldron, bronze
paittala, raitika, raitya brazen, t¨avkheduri, brazencaldron (Polish)
footed,
made of brass, kaº„haÌ,
ezkaun-gs, brazen-footed,
caldron, kettle, t„mrap„tram,
, brinjaos
copper caldron, „ram,
k¨altoni, bronze caldron bronzas caldrona, bronze
„rakͺam, brass
caldron (Latvian)
(Gerogian)
brazen-cu picioare, brazen
legged, cazan, caldron,
gû, bronze, kuldu,
bronzul, bronze caldron
bronze vessel
(Romanian)
(Akkadian)
karkea jalka, brazen footed,
iso kattila, caldron,
pronssikupu, bronze
caldron
(Finnish-Uralic)
urvaire [urvarâ] tree,
plant (Avestan)
deraxt, æ ¼Õ tree; tir,
Ñèê mast (Persian)
, khe, tree (Georgian)
akä-ka, tree; kÍpadanåa, mast
t„lî,tree, tali, wood,
sar-me [cï arr-], wood
(Hurrian)
uk, tree or wood, anu,
a synonym for tree or
wood, ad ru, an
indigenous tree, kuta u,
a tree or timber,
miš na, a tree or wood,
m su, a native tree and
its wood, e’ru, a native
tree (Akkadian)
®bhu, clever, skillful;
kuòalat„, ability, skill,
cleverness, pr„v-ôya,
cleverness, skill
dâneõ, öÐ Õ skill,
wisdom; honar, Ñ÷ù fan,
art, craft, skill (Persian)
, unari, skill
(Georgian)
itb r tu, skill,
n mequ, skill, cunning,
experience, knowledge,
wisdom,
x
x
ð , dreva, tree
(Belarusian)
dreva, tree, liipa, lime-tree
(Belarus)
drvo, tree (Croatian)
drzewo, tree (Polish)
koks, tree (Latvian)
copac, tree (Romanian)
puu, tree, masto, mast
(Finnish-Uralic)
, umiennie,skill
(Belarusian)
vieda [f], skill, knowledge,
know-how; mastactva ,
art (Belarus)
vjeõtina, skill (Croatian)
zrecznosc skill
(Polish)
prasme, skill
(Latvian)
abilitate, skill
(Romanian)
taito, kyky, skillfull,
nokkela, clever
(Finnish-Uralic)
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(Armenian)
për të armuar, to arm, koracë
[usht.] (Albanian)
stroke of a weapon,
battle, fight, armour
(Welsh)
armare, to arm (Italian)
armer, to arm (French)
hornitu, to e©uip, arm (Bas©ue)
x
x
‘¶‡ˆ’óŒ, brelók, brazen-footed,
Œ“Ù•ÅÄ, kazáni, caldron, boiler,
Ú•’ŒÄÅ Œ“’ Œ“ƇÄ, chálkino
kalokaíri, bronze caldron (Greek)
Û•£˜ ™˜§™Ÿ, birt votk¨ov, brazenfooted, ܡșݙšÞ, jerrots¨um,
caldron, boiler, Û£™ž·¡
ß›à›ã›£, bronze kaghapar,
bronze caldron (Armenian)
me këmbë të shtangur, brazenfooted, kazan, caldron, kala prej
bronzi, bronze caldron (Albanian)
Arnus-i, Arno,
chief river of
Etruria
x
x
x
aeripes-edis
bratach-bhunaithe,
brazen-footed, caldron
cré-umha, bronze
caldron (Irish)
sneachda, brazen-footed,
coire, caldron, coire
umha, bronze caldron
(Scott)
ar droed, brazen-footed,
caldron efydd, bronze
caldron (Welsh)
sfacciata zampe, brazenfooted, calderone di
bronzo, bronze caldron
(Italian)
pieds d'airain, adj.,
brazen footed, chaudron
de bronze, bronze
caldron (French)
brazen-Nik aitona, brazen-footed,
brontzezko caldron, bronze caldron
(Bas©ue)
•ñÅŽ‡ , dentro, tree; arpa
harp (Greek)
œ›È, tsarr, tree (Armenian)
dru, wood, pemë, tree, direk, mast
(Albanian)
arbor [arboris]
oris, tree;
lyra-ae, lyre
zuhaitz, tree (Bas©ue)
ˆ¶Ä•ˆúÄ󎔎“, epidexiótita,
skill; techni, art (Greek)
üÞ˜™šýþ™šž, hmtut¨yun, skill
(Armenian)
aftësi, skill, mjeshtëri,
workmanship, skill, art,
teknikë, techni©ue (Albanian)
the river Arno?
1-108
crann, tree (Irish)
craobh, tree (Scott)
coeden, tree (Welsh)
albero, tree (Italian)
arbre, tree, bois, wood
(French)
Arnth, name
1-109
Arnth, (ARN Ë),
MA-1
brazen-footed,
caldron,
[<L.Lat.
caldera, a large
vessel or vat],
kettle [<ON
ketill, a metal
pot for boiling]
1-110
arpe, Script Q183,
Q713, R530, J48
tree, [<OE
treow] mast,
arpo (ARPª),
(Dat./Abl. -o)
Script R88, L44
1-111
t ru, #taru, tree, GIŠ,
wood, tree (Hittite)
ars-artis, art,
craft, skill
arte, art, trebetasuna, skill (Bas©ue)
scil, skill (Irish)
sgil, skill (Scott)
elfyddyd-au, art, craft,
skill; medr-au, skill,
ability,
cleverness; sgil, skill
(Welsh)
arte, skill (Italian)
arte, skill (French
amok, [B amok], art,
skill (Tocharian)
warpa/i. skill,
knowledge, craft
(Luvian)
ulkisra/wlkisra, adj.,
skilled, experienced,
able (Hittite)
skill [<ON
skil], method,
techni©ue
[<Gk.
tekhne, skill] an ars Script AN31
occupation, in
pl. works of art
1-112
x
x
ÿ‡Žñ‘”, Artémi
arn sa, TC103
arna, Script ‹737;
arno (ARNª),
Script
AE-2, AN-3, AT-6;
arnoi (ARNªI),
Script AJ-2;
Au102
arnois, (ARNªIS)
L47
Diana
Artemis, virgin
goddess of
childbirth,
huntress, sister
of Apollo
Artume (ARTªME,
ARTªMS,
ARTªMEI) CAA-3
Artumes
(ARTªMES)
CO-1, CAA-3
Artumis
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(ARTªMIS) DQ-2
1-113
x
x
x
as-asgis
x
a whole unit,
divided into 12
parts
as Script N74,
Q531, Q692, Q755,
R607, ‹984
1-114
m„tr-k®, to adopt as a mother;
sutatva, to adopt as a son;
anukR, to follow, imitate
e©ual, adopt
„rya, a respectable or
honourable or faithful man ,
an inhabitant of „ry„varta
akä„ralavaôa, better food not containing acrid
substances; gdh„d, eating
food that is not yet eaten;
adana, act of eating; adya, fit
for eating
farzand khvandgy, !нÑ"
$%!Ð judicial adoption
of a child (Persian)
,
€¿¿
¾¿€¿¾,
shvilad a©vana, to adopt pryniaccie dziciaci,child
(Georgian)
adoption (Belarusian)
prystavac, adopt,
m ru, to adopt a son,
accomodate (Belarus)
m r tu, status of an
usvajanje djece, child
natural or adopted son
adoption (Croatian)
or daughter, status of a
adopcja dziecka, child
vassel, sonship, leqû,
adopted child, adoptee, adoption (Polish)
liq tu, adoption, liqûtu, a adopta, to adopt,
adoptive child
adoptarea copilului, child
(Akkadian)
adoption
(Romanian)
omaksua, adoptoida, lapsen
adoptio, child adoption
(Finnish-Uralic)
Aryan, (Avestan)
>siyâ, è²@ Asia (Persian)
, azia, Asia
(Georgian)
pap a u, (Hurrian
word), pilen, east
(Akkadian)
hvaretha [-], food
(Avestan)
`azâ, |} food,
alimentation, meal,
meat, etc. (Persian)
, sakvebi, food,
, kveba, meal
(Georgian)
iptennu, kurummu?,
kuš tu?, ti’itu, uklu,
food, ukullû, food,
fodder, measure of
decrease, naptanu,
food, allotment, meal,
ban©uet, time of the
evening meal, evening,
nebr tu, food, fodder,
pasture, kiništu, food
offerings, class of
priests (concerned with
the preparation of food
offerings), of low
status, isinnu, food
portion, secular festival,
religious festival, aršu,
food, probably a fruit,
giddê, ul u, ~unzu,
kišar nu, kizu, a
foodstuff, n per tu,
food ration, š kultu,
food, fodder, ban©uet,
a du, food served in a
dish, aiwa, food made
from emmer ,
putannatu, food,
provisions?, n per tu,
food rations,*lû, food
platter or dish or the
food it contains, ti’ûtu,
food, sustenance,
zan nu, to provide with
food, to provide an
institution with means
of support (Akkadian)
x
x
Azija, Asia (Belasrus)
ÿ ¾€, Azija, Asia
(Belarussian)
Azija, Asia (Croatian)
asia, Asia (Latvian)
Asia, Asia (Romanian)
Aasia, Asia (FinnishUralic)
Å“ &Ä qˆŽ*• &Å, na yiothetísoun, to
adopt, &Ä qˆ•Æ“ ¶“Ä•Ä Š, yiothesía
paidio+, child adoption (Greek)
¸ž¤™šž¡=™š ü›Þ›£,
yndunelu hamar, to adopt,
¡£¡¦›þ• ™£¤¡ £™šÞ¸, yerekhayi
vordegrumy, child adoption
(Armenian)
adoptimi i fëmijëve, child adoption,
adoptoj, to adopt (Albanian)
ascio-scire, to
adopt
adopto-are, to
adopt
hartzea, to adopt, haurraren
adopzioa, child adoption, ume,
haurraren, child (Bas©ue)
ÿ•Æ“, Asía (Greek)
–—•›, Asia, Asia (Armenian)
Azi, Asia (Albanian)
Asia-ae
, évma,
, trofí, food; g
meal (Greek)
, snndamt’yerk’,
food,
, chashy, meal
(Armenian)
ushqim, food, vakt, meal
(Albanian)
x
x
asia, Asia (Irish)
asia, Asia (Scott)
asia, Asia (Welsh)
Asia, Asia (Italian)
Asie, Asia (French)
koY-p\rk„nt [B
kauY-pirko^], east,
sunrise, koY-p\rk„nt^,
eastern (Tocharian)
Asia, Asia (Bas©ue)
Ö •
, charµavannie,
food,
, ježa, meal
(Belarusian)
hrana, food, obrok, meal
(Croatian)
jedzenie, food (Polish)
diens, food, malt te, meal
(Latvian)
alimente, food (Romanian)
ruoka, ravinto, food,
ateria, meal
(Finnish-Uralic)
a ghlacadh, to adopt
(Irish)
gabhail ris to adopt
(Scott)
mabwysiadu, to
adopt, affiliate
(Welsh)
addotare, to adopt
(Italian)
adopter, to adopt
(French)
esca-ae, food
prandium, meal,
edo, edere or
ese, edi, esum,
to eat
bia, food, béile, meal
(Irish)
biadh, food, meal (Scott)
bwyd, food, pryd bwyd,
meal (Welsh)
cibo, food, pasto, meal
(Italian)
aliments, food, repas, meal
(French)
to adopt [<Lat.
adopto-are]
1-115
Asia?
1-116
food? [<OE
f da]
1-117
asa Script Q424,
Q775, R596, R607,
R653, ‹638,
‹1345,
‹1784 ;
ase, Script TC46,
Q416, R381
Asi, Script S-1:
Asia, Script N647
Asie, Script BS-11
(Compare to
ELINEI, ELINAI)
aska, Script PE-3;
See also, esa, esi,
eso, to eat, o out?
ek, fodder (Tocharian)
janari, food, meal (Basque)
m mal, meal, d-> to eat,
edri, food, tsowa, food,
bread (Hittite)
x
'x
Aso, name,
Asius, a Trojan
ally, youn er
brother of
Hecuba.
aso (ASV), Script
AM-4
1-118
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adhi h , ti hati, to stand up
istâdan, €•‚ƒ„…† to stand
(Persian)
, d oma, to stand
(Geor ian)
itussu, izuzzu, to stand
(Akkadian)
‡ˆ ‰Š‹, stajaŒ, to stand
(Belarusian)
stajati, to stand (Croatian)
staŒ, to stand (Polish)
st v t, to stand (Latvian)
a sta, to stand (Romanian)
seisoa, statiivi, nousta, to
stand
(Finnish-Uralic)
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• Ž••, stasi, to stand (Greek)
adsto-stare
• ‘ “, kan nel, to stand
(Armenian)
për të qëndruar, to stand (Albanian)
zutik, to stand (Basque)
chun seasamh, to stand
(Irish)
seasamh, to stand (Scott)
i sefyll, to stand (Welsh)
Stare in piedi, to stand
(Italian)
se tenir debout, to stand
(French)
to stand [<OE
standan]
ast, VG-4
astin, XB-21
1-119
käly-[ B käly-], to stand
(Tocharian)
ta, to come to stand
(Lycian)
stta-, sttati, to stand
(Lycian)
arhari, anda, ar-, arta, to
stand, tatsa, to stand,
tiie/a, tie/a, to o stand,
to step, to place onself, to
set in (Hittite)
,
pitar, patar, ptar, father
(Avestan)
pedar, •–— pedari, father
(Persian)
, mama, father
(Geor ian)
utp daka”, father, be etter,
pita, pitaa, pitR^I, father
ate, ate-, a a-, father
(Urar an)
attai, atta-i, at:aj, attai,
attani, atta(i), baba,
father (Hurrian)
abu, abi, father,
murabbânu, foster
father, emu, fatherin-law, son-in-law,
husband’s sister, son of
wife’s sister, abb tu,
father's status and le al
power, l qû, foster
father (Akkadian)
atha, then, moreover; athaca,
moreover and likewise;
ath pi, therefore, thus, so
much the more
zî, indeed, for, because,
asha [-] asha, truth,
ri hteousness, world
order, eternal law,
fitness (Avestan)
lavah bar yn, ¡…† ¢£ ¤¥¦§
furthermore, moreover,
moreover, furthermore,
brasty, ¨ƒ©†¢£ indeed
(Persian)
, upro
met’its, moreover,
,
namdvilad, indeed
(Geor ian)
˜ Š‹™ , baŒka, father
(Belarusian)
otac, father (Croatian)
ojciec, father
(Polish)
te. s, father (BalticSudovian)
t vs, fathetr (Latvian)
Tatš, father (Romanian)
isä, father (Finnish-Uralic)
› œ •, patéras, father (Greek)
Ÿ
, hayry, father (Armenian)
ate, father (Albanian)
athair, father (Irish)
athair, father (Scott)
dad, tad-au, father
(Welsh)
padre, father (Italian)
père, father (French)
pater-tris, father
taada=, father (Lydian)
papa, father (Palaic)
tede/i=, father (Lycian)
tede/i=, father (Mylean)
atta-, tata/i/dada/i,
father (Luvian)
atta, attas, ABI, BAU,
father, #tati, tatuana,
stepfather, atala/tala,
fatherly, paternal
(Hittite)
aita, father (Basque)
Kin Atys
(Attis), of Kin
Atys
Atys, consort of
the Phry ian
oddess
Cybele. Atys
(Attis)
was a son of
Nana, was
castrated as a
result of
Cybele's
jealousy and
chan ed into a
pine tree.
Atys, kin of
Lydia,
father of
Tyrsenus,
father of the
Tyrrhenians
(Etruscans)
Ate Script N160,
N349, Q46;
ates, Script N462,
R359
Atia, Script AN-5:
Ati, Script Q11,
AM-5
Atie, Script BS-16;
see Note (8)
1-120
™ª «‰ ˆ ¬ , akramia taho,
moreover, ‡ -ª ®¯°,
sapra±dy, indeed
Belarusian)
povrh to a, moreover,
doista, indeed (Croatian)
co wi²cej, moreover, w
rzeczy samej, indeed
(Polish)
Turkl t, moreover,
patie³ m, indeed (Latvian)
în plus, moreover,
intr-adevar, indeed,
adevšrat, indeed, true
(Romanian)
tosiaan, todella, indeed,
lisäksi, moreover (FinnishUralic)
´µŽ¶¶ ·, Exállou, moreover, in
addition, › Žg ¸, pra mati,
indeed (Greek)
¹ “º , avelin, moreover,
º • » , iskapes, indeed,
(Armenian)
për më tepër, moreover, me të
vërtetë, indeed (Albanian)
at, ast,
moreover; ac,
atque, indeed
ainera, moreover, alafede, indeed,
hain zuzun ere, indeed (Basque)
at Script Au54,
XW-5
ats, atsek, truly, indeed,
in fact, atsam, adv.,
truly, indeed, in fact
(Tocharian)
app na, moreover, in
addition, besides,
furthermore, indeed, as
well, lu, indeed, be it,
or, j nû, indeed, is it
not so?, ra’i, adv.,
indeed?, surely?, anna,
anni, annû, indeed, yes,
abarša, truly, surely,
ulliš, moreover, at that
place, furthermore, over
there, afterwards,
subsequently
(Akkadian)
âzmun, €•¼½¾¿ to try, test,
experiment, Àe³idan, to
assay, try, taste (Persian) - ‡-ª ˜ Á Š‹,
pasprabavaŒ, to try
, ts’diloben, (Belarusian)
sproba, attempt, test, try;
to try,
, tsda, to
pasprobavac, v.perf., to try
attempt, try, wait, test
triy, to try; adhyavaso, to
(Belalrus)
(Geor ian)
attempt, accomplish,
proba, attempt; próbowaç ,
determine, consider, ascertain,
try
(Polish)
lat ku, to try, to try out,
to try to do somethin ,
izm Âin t, to try (Latvian)
to test, to put to a test,
a incerca, to try
to check measurements, (Romanian)
calculations, to check
yrittää, kokeilla
on work in pro ress, to
(Finnish-Uralic)
question, to examine
moreover,
indeed
ina theannta sin,
moreover, cinte, indeed
1-121
(Irish)
a bharrachd, u dearbh,
indeed (Scott)
ar ben hynny
moreover, yn wir,
indeed, (Welsh)
inoltre, moreover,
infatti, indeed (Italian)
en outre, furthemore,
moreover, de plus,
moreover, further, extra,
en effet, indeed
(French)
namma, moreover, pra,
moreover, forward,
furthermore,
additionally, still, then,
after that, anda
imma, indeed, ima,
truly, really, indeed
(Hittite)
Ã Ä Å¸ Ž• , na dokimásete, to
try (Greek)
ÆÇ È “, p’vordzel, to try
(Armenian)
te provosh, to try, jykoj [dreijt.],
mendoj, I think, përpiqem, to try,
endeavor, strive, attempt, tentoj, to
try (Albanian)
saiatu, to try, ahale indu, to try,
strive, attempt (Basque)
attento or
attempto-are, to
try, probo-are,
to make or feel
ood, approve,
probe
chun iarracht a
dhéanamh, to try (Irish)
feuchainn, to try (Scott)
ceisio, ceisi, cais, to
seek, ask, request, try,
attempt, profi, to prove,
feel, essay,
demonstrate, try;
treio, trei-, to try,
ebb [<En l. try];
trethu, to try, tax,
assess, rate, levy
(Welsh)
tentare, to attempt,
provare, to try, prove
(Italian)
to try [OFr.
trier, to pick
out], test, assay,
atento (ATENTV)
tamper with,
Script Q263, Q369
attack, prove
1-122
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someone’s mood, to
investi ate, to be
circumspect, to attempt
(Akkadian)
tenter, to attempt,
essayer, to try (French)
sâmahe [sâma] dark,
black (Avestan)
siyâh ¤‚É© black, dark,
unlucky, tire,
black;
(Persian)
dorcha, dark, dubh,
black (Irish)
dubh, black, dorcha,
dark (Scott)
tywyll, dark, du, black
(Welsh)
buia, buio, dark, nero,
black
(Italian)
foncée, foncé, dark, noir,
adj. black;
atrophier, to
atrophy (French)
timeri/timari, dark,
(Hurrian)
sukRSNa, very black;
andhakAramaya, dark; tamas,
darkness, led into dark,
loom, darkness of hell,
krsna, dark black,
x
31 of 40
qitmu, black, a black
dye, black
discoloration, all mu,
black, dark metal,
ulmu, black spot, tuft
of black hair, al mu,
to turn black, to become
dark, to turn dark,
purple, to temper metal,
da’ummu, du’ummu,
da’ mu, to become
dark, da’ummatu,
*du’umiš, adv., darkly,
darkness, loom, eklu,
dark, ek lu, to be dark,
erpu, adj., dark, er pu,
to become dark or ,
dusky, e û, adj., dark,
extin uished, e û, to be
dark, dim, to darken, to
be darkened, to become
loomy ašû, dark,
cloudy, to darken,
muš kilu, dark (lit. he
who makes dark),
na’duru, darkened,
eclipsed, diru,
darkenin , ikiltu,
ikletu, iklu, darkness,
kukkû, darkness as a
name of the
netherworld, adirtu,
idurtu, hidirtu, edirtu,
darkness, misfortune,
calamity, obscurement,
adru, adirtu, idirtu,
dark, sad (Akkadian)
x
Ê ªË°, Àorny, black,
ŠÌ«Ë°, ciomny, dark
(Belarusian)
corny, adj. black; ciemra,
darkness, ciomny, adj. dark
(Belarus)
crna, black, mrak, dark
(Croatian)
czarny, black, ciemny, dark
(Polish)
melns, black, dorcha, dark,
(Latvian)
ne ru, black, întuneric,
dark, (Romanian)
musta, black, without li ht,
tumma, dark (FinnishUralic)
x
x
x
x
vahya, portable bed or litter;
vah, vahati, -te, to conduct,
carry, lead, bear; nirvoDhR,
oin to carry away
upa-bara [upa-bar,] to
brin , to carry (Avestan)
bordan, €•¢£ to carry
(Persian)
,
Ë ‡ŠÒ, niesci, carry
anakhorts’ielos, carry
(Belarusian)
(Geor ian)
niesci, to brin , carrry
(Belarus)
irb-, to carry, steal, rob,
nositi, carry (Croatian)
naÑ-, to carry away, sit
p rvad t, carry (Latvian)
down (Urartian)
transporta, carry
mat u, to carry,
(Romanian)
transport, pick up, lift,
kantaa, kuljettaa, carry
etc., našû, to carry off,
(Finnish-Uralic)
steal, to transport, to
bear, to wear a crown,
to wear or carry a
symbol, etc., n šû,
carrier, porter, n ši nu,
person who has been
•,
•Å ŽÄ¸, skotádi, dark,
mávros, black (Greek)
¹, sev, black, ÇÍ m mut', dark
(Armenian)
i errët, dark, terr, darkness, dark,
opaque, obscurity, murk, mirk,
(Albanian)
beltza, black, iluna, dark, obscure
(Basque)
•• ÎÏ•ÃŽ•, of Athena (Greek)
Athinë (Albanian)
x
Ž, metaforá, carry
(Greek)
• “, krel, carry (Armenian)
mbart, mbaj, carry (Albanian)
eraman, to carry, take, convey
(Basque)
orkämnu (adj.), loomy,
dark, orkäm, darkness,
loom (Tocharian)
dead black [OE
blaec], dark,
ater, atra, atrum, marusma/i, black, dark,
[<OE doerc]
dark
marwa, to blacken,
clothed in
ni er - ra
marwatr, blackness,
black; dark,
marwai, dark colored,
- rum, black,
loom, sad,
dakui, darkness
Orcus-i, Pluto,
malicious,
(Luvian)
the lower
poisonous
world, dearth
dnkui, dnkuai,
dankuis, dnkudr,
1-123
darkness, black, to
become black, dankues,
dnkues, to become
black,dankuuahh,
danku(ua)nu,
dankuianu,
dnkuneske/a,
dnku(a)nu, dnkuinu,
dnkuah, to make black,
hanzanas, dark,
nana(n) kussiie/a,
nana(n)gus(ie/a), to
become dark, loomy,
obscure, #neku, to et
dark, marwai, to black,
enispant-, ispanz, ni ht
(Hittite)
Athena or
Athena;
Athenae-arum
[f.pl.], of
Athens
Atys +
ero-onis, a
carrier
avehovehere-vexivectum;
porto-are,
to carry;
transporto-are,
to move, carry
x
x
iompar, carry (Irish)
a hiùlan, to carry
(Scott)
arwain, to lead,
carry; cario, cludo,
cywain, to carry, bear
(Welsh)
transportare, portare,
condurre, sopportare,
consequire, to carry
(Italian)
porter, to carry,
entraîner, to carry away;
continuer,
to carry on (French)
ater Script N404;
atro (ATRV), Script
N311
of Athena;
Athens?
Athinem
(AÐINEM),
1-124
Script L-7
Atiieri Script R-1,
R22;
Atiieria, Script
Q11,
Q24; see Note 1)
Atiierie, Script
R100, R114, R219,
of Atys, carriers
R229, R238;
of Atys?
Atiierier, Script
R405, R114;
1-125
Atiiries, Script
Q453;
Atiierio
(ATIIERIV),
Script Q243, R88,
R181, R195, R565,
G21; See Note (10)
to carry [<NFr.
carier] off, bear
[<OE beran]
away
afeu (AFEF), Script
Z1300
1-126
prant B prenca, carryin
(Tocharian)
arnu-, to brin , arnumi, I
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brin , maninkuuanu, to
brin near, uwate->,
#uwate, uuate/uuat, to
brin , lead, uda/ud,
uedae, wate/wat,
weda, wedae, wida, to
brin here, brin over,
ptiali/ptali, to carry off
quickly, run off with, to
whisk away, elope with
a woman, pipeda,to
carry out, pittae, pitae
to carry, brin , to
render, to pay, peda,
ped, to carry, to take
somewhere, to
transport; to spend time,
piddanna /piddanni, to
brin away,
pehute/pehut, to brin
there, trupinu, to brin
to ether, collect,
taruppiianu, to brin
to ether (Hittite)
carried away, arr nu,
in ša rr nati, carrier,
forwardin a ent,
(Akkadian)
pr kkalpa, former a e or era,
yu am, epoch, k lah, of time
viha ah, pak in, pata a”,
aÜ as, bird
®Ôª ‡ˆ, ±zrost, a e, Õ- Ö ,
epocha, era (Belarusian)
odine, a e, to je bilo, era,
epoha, epoch (Croatian)
senn, ¡© a e, years, asar, wiek, a e, time, era, epoch
¢Ó§ a e, epoch, era
(Polish)
(Persian)
vecums, a e, tas bija, era,
, asaki, a e,
laikmets, epoch (Latvian)
vârstš, a e, a fost, era,
, es iqo (Geor ian)
epocš, epoch (Romanian)
ikä, elinikä, a e, se oli, era,
aikakausi, epooch
(Finnish-Uralic)
,
prinveli, bird (Geor ian)
erade, i-ra-de, e-ra-de,
er-ade, bird (Hurrian)
i ru, bird (as a
technical term in
extispicy referrin to a
bird-shaped roupin ),
poultry, i rtu, female
bird, wooden object,
i riš, adv., bird, like a
bird, išš ru, bird to
divine omens from,
arru aja, a bird (lit. a
jackel bird), a uru,
bird of the raven/crow
family, wattu, a bird
(Akkadian)
-ˆÝÞ™, ptu³ka, bird
(Belarusian)
ptica, bird (Croatian)
ptak, bird (Polish)
putns, bird (Latvian)
pasšre, bird (Romanian)
lintu, bird (Finnish-Uralic)
Ã, itan, era,
•¶¸Å× , ilikía, a e,
› Ø , epochí (Greek)
Ù , da er, era, Ú º , tarik’y,
a e,
Û , darashrjan,
epoch (Armenian)
moshë, a e, ajo ishte, era, epokë,
epoch (Albanian)
aevitas-atis,=
aetas-atis
adina, a e, araia, epoch (Basque)
aÜ as, bird,
avaæ na, fli ht of a bird,
var a, vatsara, time,
nityat , eternity
yukta” (kt , ktaô), to
possess, inu, in, i3nvati,
ino3ti, send forth, ive out,
favor, possess, dispose of,
force, overwhelm, destroy,
32 of 40
eredhmahi
[ aredh], hold;
jvõ [jva], alive
(Avestan)
¡ƒ„…¾ zistan, to live,
zende i kardan, to live,
̇Š‹, to josŒ, to have,
°Š‹, žyŒ, to live
(Belarusian)
utrymlivac, utrymowvac,
utrymac, hold, maintain,
a e [<Lat.
aetas], lifetime
epoch
1-127
afetus (AVETVS),
HT-5
See age, ages
B ktsaitsañe, a e
(Tocharian)
› ·¶×, poulí, bird (Greek)
ß •
“ǹ, ãåÇÍ , t’rrch’un,
bird (Armenian)
zo , bird (Albanian)
avis-is, bird
eun, bird (Scott)
éan, bird (Irish)
aderyn, bird (Welsh)
uccello, bird (Italian)
oiseau, bird (French)
bird, [<OE
brid] possibly
eternity
1-128
avim (A8IM),
L-71
This is probably the
word for eternity.
txor, bird (Basque)
suwais (?), bird,
wati, wattai- bird,
wattaies, birds, harani,
oracle bird, haran(i), a
bird, peri, #pera, bird,
prtuni (prtoni?), bird,
patrplhi, sulupi,
uriani/urini, oracle
bird,
wari/warai, description
of an oracle bird,
umiant, adj. describiin
birds,
(Hittite)
, omeni, omen,
,
maradisoba,
eternity,
, dro, time
(Geor ian)
-ª°« ˆ , prymieta, omen,
Á ÊË ‡Š‹, vieÀnasŒ,
d râtu, d rûtu,
eternity, Ê ‡, Àas, time
eternity, giskimmu,
(Belarusian)
omen, si n, ittu, to ive
znak, omen, vjeÀnost,
an omen, ominious,
eternity, vrijeme, time
si n, mark, password,
(Croatian)
manz zu, omen,
presence of of a deity or iez me, omen, mêž ba,
a demon si nifyin an
eternity, laiks, time
omen, perchin place,
(Latvian)
position, position,
au ur, omen, eternitate,
position observed at
eternity, timp, time
sunset of celestial
(Romanian)
bodies, etc., liqtu,
lintu, bird, enne, omen,
collection of omens or
ikuisuus, eternity, aika,
prescriptions, leaned
time (Finnish-Uralic)
barley, etc., erištu,
ominous mark in
divination, desired
object, wish, request,
(Akkadian)
aois, a e, bhí sé, era,
eacht, a a, epoch (Irish)
aois, a e, bha e, era,
eachd, epoch (Scott)
oedran, a e, yr oedd,
era, y cyfnod cyntaf,
epoch (Welsh)
età, a e, lo era, era,
epoca, epoch (Italian)
â e, a e, c'était, era
époque, epoch (French)
¸ìÃó•, oionós, omen, •Ã
¸ìÃ¸ó • , tin aioniótita, eternity,
Ø óÃ •, chrónos, time (Greek)
ï ã
ÆÇ , kharrnashp’vot’,
omen, Ÿ ¹ ðÇÍ ÇÍ ,
haverzhut’yun, eternity, ð
,
zhamy, time (Armenian)
shenjë, omen, përjetësi, eternity,
kohë, time (Albanian)
betikotasunaren, eternity (Basque)
œØ ¸ , échei to, katecho, echo, to
have; zo, alive, bios, life (Greek)
ÇÍ
, to unen, to have,
» “ÇÍ Ÿ
, aprelu hamar, to
live (Armenian)
keni, to have, posedoj, to have,
aeternum,
eternity;
aevum-in, n.a.;
and aevus-i,
time;
avis-is, bird,
bird of omen,
omen
omen, omen, eternity,
am, time (Irish)
omen, omen
sòorraidheachd, eternity,
ùine, time (Scott)
eterniaeth, eternity,
amser, time (Welsh)
presa io, omen, eternita,
eternity, tempo, time
(Italian)
présa e, omen, éternité,
eternity, temps, time
(French)
oÜkrac, eternal,
immortal (Tocharian)
See oiso (OISO),
Script DR-5,
Indo-European
Table Part 6
eternity;
possibly bird,
omen
avis (AFIS),
S-10, S-30, PL-8,
*ETP326
1-129
ukturi, adj., eternal,
constant, steady, firm,
sagai, omen, si n,
miracle?, warnin ,
feature, characteristic,
sakiasr/sakiasn, omen,
si n, sakiawant,
ominous (Hittite)
habeoere-ui-itum,
to have;
bhfuil, to have,
possess,
beo, to live (Irish)
possideo -sidere tha, to have, àitich,
sedi -sessum, to inhabit, dwell, va.;
to have [<OE
habben], hold
[<OE healdan],
to uard
possess [<Lat.
possideo -sidere
avil (AFIL), Script
AN11, Z102, M-1,
AJ-14, AV16,
Au43, Au65
avils (AFILS),
Script Z84, Z103,
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dâstan,
(Persian)
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to have,
, ak’vs, to have,
, ts’khovreba,
to live (Georgian)
šu uri, ulgu-š ,
ulgu=še, life, še iri,
living (Urartian)
šu ur-ni, še ur-ni,
še urni, life, še ir ,
living (Hurrian)
remove, stir up; vah,
vahati, -te, conduct, carry,
marry, bear, support, wear,
have; vanIvAhya3te, pass
by, spend time
jii, jiiv.h, to live; nivasita,
lived, dwelled
zyc, to live, (Belarus)
imati, posedovati,
to have, possess;
ziv, zivahan, ziveti
to live (Serbo-Croatian)
išû, to have, to own, to
have a claim (against
imati, to have, posjedovati,
somebody), lab ru, to
to possess, živjeti, to live
live long,to last, to last a (Croatian)
long time, etc., ra bu,
mie , to have, y , to live
adj., live, moist, fresh,
(Polish)
aš bu, live, to reside,
pieder t, to have, dz vot, to
stay somewhere, sit
live (Latvian)
down, wait, sit idly,
a avea, to have, a trai, to
mourn, officiate (of
live (Romanian)
kings, etc.), populated,
nêšu, live, to stay alive,
on, to is, olla, to have,
to keep alive, to
omista, to own,
recover, napištu,
elää, to live (Finnishlivelihood, breath, body,
Uralic)
self, animals counted in
a herd, persons of
menial status,
personnel, capital case,
nobody, somebody,
person, living beings,
good health, vitality,
vigor, life, provisions,
(Akkadian)
possess, gjallë, to live
(Albanian)
eduki, to have, contain, possess
(Basque)
pit mah (paternal); m t mah
(maternal) pitaamahi,
mother's, maternal uncle;
maataamahi, matrka, the
mother or grandmother; nana,
mother (fam.
expression).
r-, ur- to want, desire;
šar-, to wish, demand;
t d- to love (Hurrian)
aš u, desire, to need,
to deprive, to be
wanting, er šu, izimtu,
to desire, wish, erištu,
desired object, wish,
request, ominous mark
in divination, m reštu,
desire, wish, request,
supplies, silver given
for free disposition,
consignment of
merchandise, intention
(Akkadian)
mâdare bozorg,
Š ‹Œ •Ž grandmother
(Persian)
, bebia (Georgian)
ašti, woman, wife
(Hurrian)
x
, žada , to desire
(Belarusian)
željeti, to desire (Croatian)
po da , to desire (Polish)
v l ties, to desire
(Latvian)
pentru a lungi pentru, to
long for, a dori, to desire
(Romanian)
haluavat, to desire
(Finnish-Uralic)
s'ol, s'aul, life
(Tocharian)
tarb-, trfno, to have ama,
to live (Lydian)
sedi -sessum];
to live, exist
[<Lat. existere]
1-130
Z300, Z953, M74,
AN-5, AN28,
AN55;
avilsae
(AFILISAE), Script
M38
harzi, to hold, har-,
hark->have, hold;
areq, to lock, guard,
protect; huiszi, #huiš,
huis/hus to live; TI, life
(Hittite)
meyl, kâm, desire,
,
ârezu, desire,
ârzu kardan, to desire
(Persian)
, survili, to
desire (Georgian)
ugracaya, strong
desire; istu, wish, desire;
hayi, wish, desire;
dhanAyA; desire of
wealth, covetnouss
atilaulya, excessive eagerness
or desire
possess,
vivo, vivere,
vixi, victum, to
live
beò, to live (Scott)
caffael, cael meddu, to
have, cadw, to
keep, hold;
bucheddu, bydio,
byw, oesi, to live
(Welsh)
bevañ, to live
(Breton)
avere, to have,
vivere, to live
(Italian)
avoir, to have; vivre, to
live (French)
€• ‚ , va epithymoún, to
desire; epithymia, desire
(Greek)
ƒ„…†„…„‡ˆ‰, ts’ankanalov, to
desire (Armenian)
për të dëshiruar, to desire
(Albanian)
nahia, to desire, irrikatu, to desire,
crave (Basque)
mian leat, to desire
(Irish)
tha thu ag iarraidh, to
desire (Scott)
awydd-au,
desire, appetite,
avidity; awyddu, to
desire; dymuniad
deisyfu, to desire, wish,
crave, entreat, beg
(Welsh)
aveo-are, to
desiderare, bramare,
long fore, desire augurare, auspicare, to
desidero-are, to desire, long for
desire
(Italian)
désirer, souhaiter
(French)
to long for,
desire
1-131
av (A8), Script
N100, N112, N160,
Q863;
avim (A8IM),
(probably bird)
Script L71
k l [B ak lk], wish,
desire (Tocharian)
kupri- desire, kuprime-,
desired (Mylian)
tsartia, to wish, wek,
wish, to desire, to ask
for, #ilalija, to wish,
(Hittite)
• ••‘“, babulia,
grandmother (Belurusian)
babka, grandmother
(Belarus)
baba, grandmother (SerboCroatian)
baka, grandmother
(Croatian)
vecm mi”a, grandmother
(Latvian)
bunic•, grandmother
(Romanian)
mummi, mummo, isoäiti,
ädinäiti, grandmother
(Finnish-Uralic)
– – —, giagiá, grandmother
(Greek)
˜„˜™†, tatiky, grandmother
(Armenian)
gjyshe, grandmother (Albanian)
avia-ae
seanmháthair,
grandmother (Irish)
seanmhair, grandmother
(Scott)
henfam-au, mam
-guod, neiniau,
grandmother
(Welsh)
mamm-gozh (Breton)
nonna, grandmother
(Italian)
grand-mère,
grandmother (French)
grandmother,
1-132
ava (A8A) Script
Z981, AP-1;
xñna-, grandmother
(Lycean)
xinase/i-, grandmothers
(Mylean)
amona, grandmother (Basque)
MUNUS.ŠU.GI, old
woman, wise woman,
hana, Ana,
grandmother (Hittite)
pitaamaha, paternal
grandfather, maataamaha,
maternal grandfather,
a›rumukha, collective name
for father, grandfather, great-
pedare bozorg,
Š ‹Œ œ• grandfather
(Persian)
Ÿ , dzied, grandfather,
¡¢ £ prodak, ancestor
(Belarusian)
dzied, pradzied, great
pappous, grandfather (Greek)
¤„¤¥, papy, grandfather
(Armenian)
babagjysh, gjysh, grandfather
avus-i
seanathair, grandfather
(Irish)
seanair, grandfather
(Scott)
grandfather, an
ancestor
1-133
avo (A8V), Script
K13, K92, K131;
see Note (4)
baba (BABA),
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, babua,
grandfather (Georgian)
amm-ade, grandfather
(Hurrian)
grandfather
x
abiu mmi, grandfather,
abi-ummi, maternal
grandfather, abi abi-abi,
abu abaabiia, greatgrandfather (Akkadian)
x
grandfather, (Belarus)
deda, grandfather, predak,
ancestor (Croatian)
vect vs, grandfather
(Latvian)
bunic, grandfather,
(Romanain)
isoisä, ukki, grandpa,
pappa, grandpa, isänisä,
paternal grandfather
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
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ad-cu, taid , grandfather
(Welsh) tad-kozh,
grandfather (Breton)
nonno, grandfather
(Italian)
grand-père (French)
awo, grandfather
(Gothic)
(Albanian)
XA-25;
BaBA, XE-1
xuga, xuge, grandfather
(Lycian)
*xuga-, grandfather
(Mylean)
aitona, grandfather (Basque)
huhantul(i) , greatgreat-grandfather,
huhantia, of the
grandfather (Luvian)
huha, a grandfather,
huhant, greatgrandfather (Hittite)
x
x
x
name, Avona
1-134
avona (A8VNA),
Script K89
avonas (A8VNAS),
Script K12, K175:
avones (A8VNES),
Script K57
(See similar
declension,
RASNA, RASNE,
RASNES)
œ¦§ tond, quick, câbok,
biderang, adj., quick
(Persian)
, stsrap’i
(Georgian)
AzIyas, very quick
›a¯, lord, net°,
leader,yuvar ja¯, crown
prince, adhipati, prince,king
erhu, quick, rash,
er u, to be quick,
am u, quick, swift,
sudden, adj., am u,
to be quick, send
quickly, to send
promptly, to be or
deliver in good time, to
hasten, to be too soon,
amittu, ša, adv.,
quickly, arpiš, adv.,
quickly, early, antis,
quickly, immediatly,
suddenly, itmu iš,
adv., quickly, speedily,
âšu, to move quickly,
rush to a goal, ab ru,
to move quickly,to flit,
to twitter (said of birds),
to prattle (said of lips),
to be voluble, to squint,
etc., m tamma, adv.,
quickly, within a short
time, at once
(Akkadian)
ahu, paiti [-], husband,
lord; vîspaitîm [vîspaiti]
head of the clan âzâtayå
[âzâta], of noble lineage;
sâsta [sâstar], tyrant,
ruler (Avestan)
xodâ, œ± divinity, god,
heaven, godhead,
xodâvand, ² œ±, lord, a
divinity, god, sahryâr,
³´ lord, leader,
sâhzâde, prince
(Persian)
, up’alo, lord,
, prints’i, prince
(Georgian)
evri, lord, evrenne, lord,
king (Hurrian)
andaš, (Kassite word)
prince, tetlu, adj.,
lordly, etellu, prince,
lord, etelliš, adv., lordly,
in a lordly way, proudly,
etell tu, lordship,
authority, m r šarr ti,
crown prince, adû,
¨•©£ª, chutki, quickly
(Belarusian)
sparki, ¨•©£ª, chutki, adj,
quick, rapid, fast (Belarus)
brzo, brz, quick (Croatian)
szybki, quick (Polish)
tri, quick (Latvian)
rapid, quick (Romanian)
nopea, quick, ripeä, rapid,
vikkelä, elävä, alive
(Finnish-Uralic)
µ¡ ¢, spadar, lord,
¡¢¶· , prync, prince
(Belarusian)
kniaz, lord (Belarus)
Gospod, vlast knez,
kraljevi'c, princ, prince
(Serbo-Croatian)
vaispatis, elder, leader of a
clan (Baltic-Sudovian)
kungs, lord, l deris, leader;
princis, prince (Latvian)
prin¸, prince, lord, lider,
leader (Romanian)
herra, lord; valtias, ruler,
lordi, johtaja, prinssi,
prince (Finnish-Uralic)
–«¬– « , grígora, quick (Greek)
„-„®, arag, quick (Armenian)
vrik , quick (Albanian)
azkar, quick, agudo, quickly, fast
(Basque)
¹–º ¹», igétis, leader, —«¼
»,
archontas, lord, «½–¾ »,
prínkipas, prince (Greek)
˜¿-, ter, lord, ™ÀÁ„…, ishkhan,
prince (Armenian)
feudal, zot, zotëri, Burrë, lord;
princ, qeveritar, prince, klerik,
prift, urate, priest (Albanian)
jaunari, lord, noble, printze, prince,
buruzagi, chief (Basque)
cito, adv.,
quickly
tapaidh, tapa, quick
(Irish)
gu luath, quick,(Scott)
yn gyflym, cyflym,
quick (Welsh)
vivo, quick, Presto,
quick (Italian)
rapide, quick, vite, adv.
vif, quickly,
vivant (French)
tiarna, lord, Prionsa,
prince (Irish)
flath, flaith, chief,
prince; tighearna, lord,
morair, prionnsa, prince,
(Scott)
arglwydd, lord, tywysog,
prince (Welsh)
aule, lord
signore, padrone,
clava-ae, f. staff sovrano, lord; Princepe,
prince, capo, head, chief
or cudgel;
(Italian)
claviger-geri,
seigneur, maître,
the key-bearer
lord; prince, prince,
chef, chief (French)
of Janus;
designo-are, to
wäl, walo, prince
designate;
(Tocharian)
princeps cipis,
alus', klave, priest,
first, foremost, Lydian)
alu, priest (Phrygian)
leader,
tali, tas-, tesêni,
regnum-i,
tah-,teseti, priest, utã,
kingship,
uten, priest; (Lycian)
kave, priest, (Carian)
monarchy,
sovereignty
alwu, magic, isha,
owner, master, BE-LÍ-,
EN, lord, poti-s, host,
husband, lord, owner,
master, ishiulahh, to
quick
1-135
leader, [<OE
lædan], lord,
[<OE hl ford]
prince [<Lat.
princeps]
1-136
avil (AFIL); see
avil above
avle, Script K46,
AF-1, AL-1, TC90,
TC241, TC279;
avles, Script TC90
aule, (AFLE),
Script T-1;
auli, (AFLI)*,
Script DL-4:
clav (CLA8),
claveki (cla8eki)?
tas, tesena, TESeN,
TESeNE,
See arce for
archontas
*used in the plural
at Script DL: AFLI
TARCHVNVS
make lordly,
ishassarues?, to
become a lord,
ishetsnadr /ishetsnan,
lordship,
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geš û, igis û, massû,
lord, leader, qaqqadu,
leader, beginning (of
time spans), top, top
part, head of an
organization, self,
person, ašaridu, leader,
foremost, first, lead
(animal), high ranking,
vanguard, lik pani,
leader, superior, a
member of a class of
workers, pawuru, lord
(lit. the great one), nu,
lord, ruler, high priest,
high priestess, n tu,
lordship, office of the
thigh priestess, šu’u,
lord, master, pa anu,
prince, umasupitrû,
ušrij nu, crown prince,
ma’û, prince?, ruler?,
rubû, prince, ruler,
important, influential
person, nobleman
(Akkadian)
dhanAyA; desire of wealth,
covetnouss; gardhita, greedy;
parigRddha, very greedy
sauvarna, golden, made of
gold, svarÇam, gold,
kaladhauta, golden
âz, âzvari, greedy
(Persian)
, kharb, greedy
(Georgian)
zairitem [zairita] golden
(Avestan)
zarin, È
gold,
golden,
ÉÊË talâyi, golden
(Persian)
,
ok’rosp’eri, golden
(Georgian)
gullatu, kamaru,
*kir tu, gold ornament,
ajara e, zal u, gold,
ur u, gold as a
material, ur nû,
golden (Akkadian)
x
x
DUMU.LUGAL, prince
(Hittite)
¡¢ ·¶, prahny, greedy
(Belarusian)
pohlepan, greedy
(Croatian)
chciwo› , greed (Polish)
mantk r gs, greedy
(Latvian)
l•comie, greed (Romanian)
ahne (Finnish-Uralic)
Ÿ ‘ ©¶, zalaty, golden
(Belarusian)
zalaty, adj., golden
(Belarus)
zlatan, golden (Croatian)
zioty, golden (Polish)
de aur, golden (Romanian)
kultainen, golden (FinnishUralic)
— Ã¹Ä », aplistos, greedy
(Greek)
„®„Å, agah, greedy (Armenian)
lakmitar, greedy, (Albanian)
avaras-a-um
sabelkoikeria, greedy (Basque)
greedy (Irish)
sanntach, greedy
(Scotch)
yn greedy, (Welsh)
avido, adj. greedy, eager
(Italian)
avide, adj. greedy,
eager, eager for;
avidité avidity,
greediness,
eagerness (French)
covetus, greedy
1-137
avra, (A8RA),
Script H-3, L-5
avras (A8RaS),
Script M24, M74
a8erom, a8erum,
(A8ERVM), Script
N100
eÆts, [B entse], greed,
selfishness (Tocharian)
¼«€Ä ̺ », chrysafenios, golden;
¼«€Äó» chrysós, gold;
golden, (Greek)
ˆÍ†¿, voske, golden (Armenian)
artë, i artë, gold, golden, aureate, i
florinjtë, golden (Albanian)
auratus-a-um
órga , golden, óir, gold
(Irish)
òr, golden, gold (Scott)
euraid, adj., golden, aur,
gold (Welsh)
aureo, adj., gold,
d'oro, golden (Italian)
or, gold, dorê, adj.
golden (French)
kañcaÆ (adj.) [B
kañc Æ-ys ÎÎe] golden,
jambun t, gold, some
kind of gold
urrezko, golden (Basque)
golden, [<OE],
adorned
with gold
1-138
See also
copper, iron,
brass, metal,
1-52
auratom, auratum
(AFRATVM),
Script Z1146
(Tocharian)
GUÏKIN, gold (Hittite)
x
x
x
x
Papa (Attis,
also called
Papas, husband
of Cybele,
Mater)
baba (BABA),
XA-25;
BaBA, XE-1
possibly
grandfather; see
above
1-139
AmA, to bleat at;
mA, to sound, roar,
bleat, esp. of cows,
calves; anum , to roar
or bleat towards
abhitaÓ, to beat, thump, hit,
wound, t Óayati, to beat,
strike
bÐ bÐ, ÑŒ ÑŒ baba, to bleat
(Persian)
zadan, ² to beat,
knock, hit, smash,
pummel, etc. (Persian)
, ts’ema, to beat
(Georgian)
id-, to beat, crush, it-, to
hit (Hurrian)
na û, to beat, to be
beaten, rap su, to beat,
to beat together, thrash,
to flog, to flail, to
pound, nak du, to beat,
throb, palpitate, to
35 of 40
•‘““ , bliaja , to bleat
(Belarusian)
blažiti se, to bleat
(Croatian)
beczy , to bleat (Polish)
bleate, to bleat (Latvian)
s• arunci, to bleat
(Romanian)
määkiä, bleat (FinnishUralic)
•ª , bi to beat
(Belarusian)
pobijediti, to beat
(Croatian)
pobi , to beat (Polish)
Sist, to beat (Latvian)
a bate, to beat (Romanian)
lyödä, to beat, koputtaa,
to knock (Finnish-Uralic)
belazo, belasma, to bleat (Greek)
Í„Ò¿ƒ…¿‡, sarrets’nel, to bleat
(Armenian)
për të blije, to bleat, blegërij, bleat
(Albanian)
Balae-arum
balo-are, to
bleat
chun fuil, to bleat (Irish)
a 'bleith, to bleat (Scott)
i fwydo, to bleat (Welsh)
belare, to bleat (Italian)
bêler, to bleat (French)
holiday resort
in Campania;
to bleat?
chun buille, to beat
(Irish)
gu buille, to beat (Scott)
i guro, to beat (Welsh)
battere, to beat (Italian)
battre, to beat (French)
to beat, [<OE
b atan] knock
[<OE cnocian]
bale (BALE), Script
L59
1-140
baleatzea, to bleat (Basque)
¾¬Ä , na nikísei, to beat
(Greek)
Ô¿Ô¿‡, tsetsel, to beat (Armenian)
për të rrahur, to beat (Albanian)
greba, to strike, garaitzeko, to beat
(Basque)
battuo
[batuo]-are, to
beat
kärn-, to beat, strike
(Tocharian)
tub(e)i- , to strike
(Lycian)
walhzi, ualh, walh,
ualhanna/ualhanni,
walhana/walhanito hit,
1-141
batyn, BATYN,
XL-3
Note: This text is
on a Phrygian
monument
dedicated to
Cybele. A
significant feature
of the worship of
this goddess
involves the beating
of cymbals.
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worry, to fear, to be
anxious about, to be in a
dangerous situation, to
cause concern, *na û,
adj., beaten, ni ûtu,
risbu, beating, ni ûtu,
beating, hitting, risibtu,
beating, battery, erû, to
beat, strike (Akkadian)
beat, #tupi, to beat,
tsah/tsahh, tsah/, to
beat, hit, walhesr/
walhesen, strike, blow,
GUL> strike (Hittite)
haênayå [haênâ], an
army; enemy;
spâdhem, an army
peshanâhu [peshanâ],
battle, strife (Avestan)
jang, Õ¦Ö warfare, war,
battle, treasury, sword,
etc., peykâr, •×Ø• armed
conflict, battle, war,
warfare, arteš,
army (Persian)
, omi, war,
,
armia, army,
,
brdzola, battle
(Georgian)
balaa (force), balam (army),
yuddham, battle, vy ha¯,
battle array, yudhyate, to
fight
su› la¯ (l , laì), of good
behavior, bhavati, to become
good, sumanasa, adj.,
good-minded, caritrya, good
conduct, utkarÎa¯, excellence
qablu, warfare, quarrel,
catastrophe, battle,
dapniš, warlike manner,
aggressively, dapp nu,
warlike, martial, apši,
armed force, em qu,
armed forces, army,
executive power, ability,
value, violence,
strength, gimirtu,
armie's main force,
totality, whole,
karašu,campaigning
army, army
expeditionary force,
army encampment,
camp, pu ru, army,
contingent, collegium,
assembly, council,
group, totality, all,
arr nu, army,
expeditionary force,
military campaign, raid,
caravan, etc., illatu,
army, kinship group,
crew, cohorts,
collegium, confederates,
clan, host, troops (of the
enemy), pack of dogs,
etc., kabittu, main body
of the army, important,
grave matter, etc.,
nakbatu, army main
force, bu, army, troop
of soldiers, group of
workers, people,
population, etc., miši,
army, troops, dirdirru,
t azu, taqrubtu,
battle, mit u tu,
battle, combat, aš tu,
battle, confusion,
blurring of vision,
qar bu, tam ru,
tid ku, battle, fight,
ašgagu, battle, fray,
adammû, battle,
onslaught, nak pu, to
join battle, knock down,
to abut, gore (of
animals), etc., ka ru,
to set up a battle array,
assemble, collect,
compose a text, etc.,
šašamu, battle, warfare,
ulultu, tegûs, ynonym
of "battle," altu, battle,
disagreement, quarrel,
etc., anantu, battle,
strife, tuqumtu, fight,
war, battle (Akkadian)
dahma [-] good, pious;
trained, vanghu [-],
good, virtuous; a thing
(orig.) goods, a good
thing; a gift, creation
(Avestan)
xub, ïð± adj. good,,
great, handsome, nice,
Ù Ú· , vajna, war, ¢Ûª“,
armija, army, • • Ú, u boj,
to battle (Belarusian)
vajna, vojska, army
(Belarus)
rata, war (Serbo-Croatian)
rat, war, vojska, army,
bitka, battle (Croatian)
bitwa, battle, fight, combat,
armia, army, wojna, war
(Polish)
karja, battle; kar'aut, to
battle, karas, war; bila, axe
(Baltic-Sudovian)
karš, war, c ”a, battle,
armija, army (Latvian)
r•zboi, war, armat•, army,
lupt•, battle (Romanian)
sota, war; sotia, engage in
conflict, armeija, army,
taistelu, battle (FinnishUralic)
•¢ , dobra, good,
Ù¶ ©· , vydatna,
excellent (Bellarusian)
dabro, dobry, adj. good
(Belarus)
dobro, good, izvrstan,
excellent (Croatian)
dobry, good, doskonaøo› ,
óà • », pólemos, war, à • ¾¬,
polemikí, controversy,
Ä « ó», stratós, army, •—¼¹,
máchi, battle, fight, combat
(Greek)
¤„˜¿-„ÜÝ¥,
paterazmy, war, Þ„…„†¥, banaky,
army, ß„†„˜„Ý„-˜ˆàÝ,
chakatamartum, to battle,
(Armenian)
luftë, war; luftoj, to
war; ushtri, army; debat,
polemikë, controversy,
dispute, betejë, battle, fight
(Albanian)
borroka, bataila, battle, gerra
egitea, to wage war, gerra, guda,
war, (Basque)
bello-are,
belior-ari;
bellum-i, [old
form duellium],
war;
arma-orum;
tela-orum,
armour,
exercitus-i,
army, acies-ei,
army on march,
battle, line of
troops, sharp
edge or sight,
vasa-orum, war
materials,
equipment
ô Ãó», Kalós, agathos, good,
ºõ ¼ », éxochos, excellent (Greek)
‡„‰, lav, good, ®¿-„Ü„…ƒ,
gerazants’, excellence (Armenian)
mirë, adv., e mirë, good dobi,
benefit, i shkëlqyer, excellence
(Albanian)
bene, adv.,
bonus-a-um,
2nd Decl. singl.
Dat. -o)
on, ona, good, fair, fine, bikain,
cogadh, war, arm, army,
cath, battle (Irish)
cogadh, war, feachd,
army, arm, airm, armailt,
army, çrmunn, a warrior,
blçr, battle, cog, fight,
carry on war; còmhraig,
fight, combat (Scott)
Rhyfel, war, byddin,
army, brwydr, battle
(Welsh)
polemica, polemic,
controversy; guerra,
war, warfare; armatura,
arms, esercito, army,
battaglia, battle (Italian)
polémique,
polemic, controversy;
guerre, war; guerroyer,
to wage war; armure,
armour, armée, army,
bataille, battle (French)
kÎatri* [B kÎatriye],
warrior (Tocharian)
erbbe-, war, laka, a
battle, wazzis, an
army, wazala, a
warrior (Lycian)
kururiyahh->
kururiiahh make war,
revolt, kororiah, wage
war, hostility, KARAÏ,
army, troops,
ERINMEÏ, army,
infantry, tuzzi- ,
tuzziyant-, tutsiant,
army, tutsi, army,
military forces, military
camp, tutsisesr?, army
camp, #kula, an army,
tsahai/tsahi, warfare,
battle, tsahtsahie/a, to
battle fiercely,
zahhiya->, zahhiee/a,
battle, to fight,
zahhiee/a, to battle
fiercely, lahha, a
campaign, hullezzi,
battle, to fight,
hulla-> fight, defeat, to
fight, (Hittite)
maith, good, den scoth,
excellence (Irish)
math, good, air leth
math, excellence (Scott)
da, good, ardderchog,
BeLE, Script M13;
BeLeM, Script
M67
to wage war
1-142
PVLVMiK,
Script Au, TC
armi, TC222
Script Q53,
armai, S-37,
armone,
(ARMVNE) Q52,
BeNI, Script M78;
good, excellent,
beno (BENV),
well? of merit
Script R181, R204,
G30
1-143
Bono, Script XB-22
8/21/2019 9:40 AM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Ind...
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table.html
nek, ÷Øù adv., fortunate,
right, good, well, etc.,
'âli, adj., ûü•ý excellent
(Persian)
, k’argi, good
(Georgian)
nir-, n r-, niri, nîri, to be
good, fa r-, fa ri,
fa r(i)-, good, to be
beautiful (Hurrian)
damqu, good
condition,gracious,
favorable, propitious,
effective, canonical,
handsome, expert, etc.,
dummuqu, good,
favorable, išaru, in
good conditionmal,
regular, ordinary,
prosperous, straight,
fair, just, correct, loose
(said of the bowels), ilu,
good fortune, image of
a diety, spirit of a
deceased child, evil
spirit, demon, deity,
god, the god, protective
deity (daimon), luck, a
pair of gods, mušt širu,
adj., giving good
guidance, keeping in
good order, woman who
does not give birth
easily, namru, good
health, pure, sharp,
radiant, luminious, etc.,
nar mu, good will,
consent, love, he who
loves, free will, beloved
one, favorite napištu,
good health, vitality,
vigor, life, capital case,
personnel, self, breath,
livelihood, provisions,
etc., murruqu, good
quality, fine, ru,
excellent, august,
outstanding, first rank,
r tu, excellence
majesty, btu,
goodness, favor,
kindness, honor, loyalty,
good fortune, bu,
honorable, satisfied,
pleasing, correct,
auspicious, good,
friendly, benevolent,
sound, sweet, satisfy, to
heal, make healthy, to
improve, prepare,
sweet, to refine, to
make happy, to repair,
etc., b tu, goodness
(Akkadian)
kastiye kucak, qâyeq,
boat; kasti, ship;
(nâv), ship ferestâdan,
to ship (Persian)
, navi,
, gemi,
ship (Georgian)
nau, nau¯, nauk , boat, ship,
vessel; tarika, ferry-man, boat
dvika¯, twofold, dviguÇam,
doubldau, dvi¯, twice, dva,
dvi, two,
37 of 40
ruk bu, boat, chariot
(vehicle), conveyance,
riding, rakk bu, boat
crew, breeder animal, a
plank or tree trunk, a
bat, muttabr tu,
qualifying a boat,
maturrue, a small boat,
lippu, boat, ship,
mašallû, a kind of boat,
muballittu, a type of
boat, a perforated
container for aromatic
herbs, cage, weir in a
canal, barrage, kibarru,
boat made of inflated
skins, muqqelp tu, in
ša muqqelp ti, master
of a boat going
downstream (Akkadian)
duia, + twofold, do,
two (Persian)
, ormagi,
twofold,
, ori, two
(Georgian)
excellence (Welsh)
bene, adj. good,
eccellente, excellence
(Italian)
bien, good, excellent-e,
excellent
(French)
ku›al (adj.uni.)[B
ku›al], good, salutary,
k swe, adj.,
good-looking, k swone,
good work, good
purpose, virtue
(Tocharian)
excellent (Polish)
labi, good, izcil bu,
excellent (Latvian)
excellent (Basque)
bun, good, excelenþ•,
excellent (Romanian)
hyvä, good, erinomainen,
excellence (Finnish-Uralic)
‘ £ , lodka, £ ¢ • ‘ ,
karabie!, ship (Belarusian)
karabiel, ship, boat, craft
(Belarus)
$amac, boat, brod, ship
(Croatian)
aldija, vitline, boat; vitine,
aldine, sailboat (BalticSudovian)
ku%is, ship (Latvian)
NAV&, boat, ship
(Romanian)
laiva, boat, vene, boat
(Finnish-Uralic)
@ Ù “, \dvaja, twofold,
Ù , dva, two (Belarusian)
dvostruk, twofold, dva, two
(Croatian)
dwojaki, twofold, dwa, two
(Polish)
à ½ , ploío, ship, phoio, fortono,
ship, barka, karabi, boat, n € ¾ó,
naftikó, nautic (Greek)
nau, ship (Mycenaean)
…„‰„†, navak,boat (Armenian)
barkë, varkë, boat, lundër, boat
(Albanian)
txalupa, boat, untzi, boat, ship
(Basque)
^ Ã—Ä », diplásios, twofold, ^‚ ,
d`o, two (Greek)
¿-†ˆà͈‰, yerkusov, twofold,
¿-†ˆàÍ¥, yerkusy, two (Armenian)
i dyfishtë, twofold, dy, two
(Albanian)
wese-, good (Mylian)
sanawatsi, good,
sanawastar, goodness
(Luvian)
ssus, as/asie/a,
aso/asau (asu), good, to
be loved, #aššu, good,
kind, asoant (asuant),
good, favorable, aso
(asu), goodness, goods,
possessions, wasnu,
#wasu, the good,
SIGÿ, good, well, latsi,
good, right, lazziie/a, to
be good, kunnes, good,
to turn out right,
(Hittite)
bád, boat (Irish)
bçta-ichean, boat (Scott)
cwch, boat (Welsh)
barca, nave,
ship, boat, vessel
navis-is, ship
(Italian)
navicula-ae,
barque, navire,
boat, navale-is, ship, vessel, caravelle,
a station for
ship
ships; navalis-e, (French)
of ships, naval,
olyi [B olyi*], ship,
nautical;
boat, koläm [B
barca, barque
kolmo*], ship, boat
(Tocharian)
bini-ae-a,
twofold, two,
duplex-icis,
adj., double,
twofold, both,
false person
dúbailte, twofold, dhá, a
dó, beirt, adj., two, dó,
two (Irish)
dç fhichead, twofold,
dhç, two (Scott)
ddwywaith, twofold,
boat, ship,
barque,
[<Lat. barca]
1-144
nave (NA8E),
Script
Q152
nafe (NAFE) Script
XE-7
naflis, Script NC-2
(See MINRFA for
Latin "V" = Etr. "F"
and words
beginning with "8"
= Latin "V" and
"B.")
berca, Script R459,
R542
twofold, two
[<OE tw ]
apiece, a pair,
double [<Lat.
duplex], duo,
couple, two
bina (8INA), N677,
possibly vina, wine;
See also , two:
tua, (TFA) Script
AH-3, K152, D-12
8/21/2019 9:40 AM
Ind -Eur pean Ta e 1, Etruscan
ca u ary, Etruscan Phrases, with Ind...
tšin(i), wo? two
(Urartian)
šin(a) / šin(i), šine-, two
(Hurrian)
divk rt gi, twofold, p ris,
pair, couple, two, divi, two bi, two, bikoitz, double, twofold
(Latvian)
(Basque)
dublu, twofold, dou•, doi,
two (Romanian)
itt n, dual, rittu, dual,
kahtalainen, twofold, kaksi,
an implement or a part
of an implement, amulet two (Finnish)
or symbol in the shape
of a hand, handle, hand,
handful, claw, paw,
šina, two, šana, two
each, two by two, šanû,
to give twofold, double,
report an utterance, to
deliver in twice the
quantity, etc., šinnû,
two each, in a
two-to-one ratio,
šinašan, each of the
two, both?, sunaja,
adv., two each, two
apiece, kilall n, two,
pair, both, pron.,
t palu, pair, set of two,
percussion instrument,
šinamuna, adv.,(Hurr.
word), tašna, twofold,
twice (Akkadian)
http://www.marav t.c m/Ind -Eur pean_Ta e.htm
duo-ae, two
ddau, ddwy, dwy, two
(Welsh)
duplice, twofold, due,
two (Italian)
double, twofold, deux,
two (French)
1-145
tue, (TFE) Script
Z1024, Z1846
tue (TVE)
Script Q70
tuo (TVO) ON-2
du (Script F)?
wu, wi, two?
(Tocharian)
twa/i, two, twa/i, two,
twisu, twice (Luvian)
tuwa, two, kbihu, twice
(Lycian)
tbisu, twice (Mylian)
d n, da, two, dayuga
(da=two{iuga=yearling)
(Hittite)
er s (BER S),
Script R426
See a s Water,
1-83
nušidan, ²œØ ðù drink,
shamydan, ²œØŽ• | to
drink (Persian)
, daleva, to
drink,
,
sasmeli, drink,
,
gajerebuli, saturated,
,
k’maq’opili, satisfied
(Georgian)
paripAna, a drink or
beverage, pibati, drink
Ù¶¡ª , vypi , to drink,
· µ¶} ·¶, nasy$any,
satiated, sated (Belarusian)
pitvo, drink; pic, drink
(Belarus)
piti, to drink, pijan, sated,
presititi, sated, sit, satiated
cloy, supersaturate,
(Croatian)
zeby pi~ to drink, nascony,
tarm-, to drink (Hurrian) satiated, zaspokojony,
sated, appeased, contented
pat qu, to drink,
(Polish)
mašq tu, drink, a
dzert, to drink, n tu, sated,
feature on the liver,
pies tin ts, satiated, sated
potion, watering place,
(Latvian)
irrigation outlet,
mašt tu, drink, a vessel a bea, to drink, s•tura, to
fill,
satiate, sate, suffice,
of standardized size,
soak, gorge, s•tul,
maštû, a drinking
satiated, full, replete
vessel, drinking ration,
masque, drinking place, (Romanian)
watering place, drinking juoda, to drink,
vessel, šatû, to drink, to kyllästyttää, satiate, weary,
kylläinen, saturated, sated,
drink repeatedly,
imbibe, absorb, swallow full, rich, (Finnish-Uralic)
medicine, receive
libations, to suck, be
watered, irrigated, etc.
(Akkadian)
ó, poto, ½ •, pino, drink,
¾
¹•º », ikanopoiiménos,
satsified, bol V, v is, sated
(Greek)
,
, khme , t drink,
sahets’rets’, sated,
, avararvats,
satisfied (Armenian)
qeani, drink, pi, pije, drink,
everage, iqu r, quencher, i
kënaqur, satisfied, i ng pur, sated,
satiated, saturated, fed up
(A anian)
edantek , t drink, edan, drink,
esaten, sated (Basque)
ó , t drink, de ch,
drink, sásta, satisfied
(Irish)
ò , t drink, de ch,
drink, riaraichte,
satisfied (Sc tt)
i yfed, t drink, yfed,
drink, yn f d n (We sh)
p t , p tare,
ere, t drink, ere,
p tavi, p tatum drink, s ddisfatta- ,
and p tum, t
satisfied (Ita ian)
drink, sati ire, iss n, drink,
are-avi-atum, t
satisfait-e, satisfied
satisfy, appease, (French)
t fi , staturate,
t g ut, c y,
#aku- , t drink (Pa aic)
disgust
egw, gw- , hu, drink,
eku/aku, eku/gu, gu,
ekuzi, ekw, #ekw, akw,
t drink (Hittite)
B ii- rum
x
SAT, Z865, SATE,
N324, TRA: SATE
TRE8: CITLA8:
"Y u are satisfied
y the truce f
Cit av";
Z865, SATI:
drink? [<OE
drincan]
er s, c mm n
R man name,
as Lucius
Ae ius Caesar,
ad pted s n f
Hadrian, t
sate, e sated,
[<OE sadian];
see a s [<Lat.
satiare, t
satisfy
c mp ete y]
1-147
B ii, Ce ts f
N rthern Ita y
N S L NE SATI
SAT L NE, " ur
(L. n s) m n
( une); she was
satisfied (L.
sati -are) I am
satisfied (L.
sati -are) f the
m n (L. luna-ae,
f.)'
SATO (SAT ),
R554: CESK L :
SAT A SAT :
MEN: 8ERT :
"every ne (L.
quisque), sated (L.
satur-i, A .
Sing e- , sat ,),
since (L. a) sated
(sat ), the men (L.
menin-inis) I turn
ar und (L. vert -,
Ind. Pres. 1st
Pers.Sing . vert .);
AG-6, SATARO
(SATAR ), "f r the
rich, fi ed (L.
satur-ura- rum,
Dat., A . - ,
satur ).
B i (8 I), Script
R66
B ia (8 IA) Q278
1-148
uttar , n rth, v ty , wind
38 f 40
vata, name f a Yazad,
vâta [-], wind (Avestan)
,
ch’rdi et’is k’ari, n rth
wind (Finnish)
o
,
pa n ny viecier
(Be arusian)
p wnac, n rth (Be arus)
sjeverni vjetar, n rth wind
(Cr atian)
zieme u v€jš, n rth wind
(Latvian)
n rdu vântu ui, n rth wind
(R manian)
p hj istuu i, n rth wind
(Finnish-Ura ic)
•ó‚ƒ„oV …†ƒ‡oV, órei s ánem s,
n rth wind, (Greek)
ˆ‰Š ‹ ˆ‹Œ • ‹Œ,
hyusisayin k’amin, n rth wind
(Armenian)
erë veri re, n rth wind
(A anian)
iparra dek haizea, n rth wind,
haize, wind, ipar, n rth (Basque)
B reas-a-um;
uris, the
cr ked
hinder part f a
p w, ventus-i,
wind
ga th ó thuaidh, n rth
wind (Irish)
ga th a tuath, n rth wind
(Sc tt)
gwynt g g edd , n rth
wind (We sh)
vent de n rd, n rth
wind (Ita ian)
vent du n rd, n rth wind
(French)
B reas, the
n rth wind,
[<OE windan],
n rth?
B ris (B RIS)
Script M19
1-149
uttar, n rthern,
n rther y ((T charian)
huwanz, h ant, wind,
udumeni, directi n f
the wind
8/21/2019 9:40 AM
Ind -Eur pean Ta e 1, Etruscan
39 f 40
g , x, c w
vŽ•a•, - ha•, x, uk•an, x
ca u ary, Etruscan Phrases, with Ind...
gâv, ‘“” c w, x, catt e,
o•, v , x, – o ,
kar va, c w (Be arusian)
eef (Persian)
, khari, x,
, v , x, krava, c w
dzr kha, c w (Ge rgian) (Cr atian)
v€rsis, x, g vs, c w
(Latvian)
pedari, c w (Hurrian)
u, x, vac—, c w
(R manian)
ar u, m rtu, c w,
härkä, x, ehmä, c w
abkigu, a p etic term
f r c w, *umm natu,
(Finnish-Ura ic)
adu t c w, heifer,
r mtu, wi d c w, alpu,
u x, eef, arki alp ,
x driver, kullizu, x
driver, eading x, x
used f r p wing,
kulliz tu, w rk f an
x driver, alap šadê ,
m untain x, alap n ri,
ne y ke x, alap n ri,
river x, alap mê, water
x, m ru, y ung u ,
rimu, wi d u , r mtu,
wi d c w, r m niš, ike
a wi d u , apasû, an
ex tic vine, alû, u ,
as a myth gica eing,
aladlammû, u
c ssus with human
head, gum u, a ch ice
u , quma u, catt e,
qannu, catt e pen,
gugallu, u f
extra rdinary size, elû,
u f heaven, pu ru,
a qua ificati n f u s,
raš šu, catt e herd, alap
šadê, m untain x, alap
n ri, river x, f reign
anima , umm nu, adu t,
mature x (Akkadian)
bó˜„, vódi, di, x, ™›ƒl…˜™,
age áda, c w, booƒ„˜ , v eidí,
eidi, catt e (Greek)
œ•, sagy, x, ž‰ , k v, c w
(Armenian)
dem, x, pë, c w (A anian)
http://www.marav t.c m/Ind -Eur pean_Ta e.htm
s, vis, x
vacca-ae, c w
idi, x, ehi, c w (Basque)
päs*, [B ks ], x,
ki, ke, c w’ [keu], k ,
c w, k wi (adj.) [B
kewiye], f a c w,
(T charian)
uqa, x (Uighur)
wawa/uwa, c w
(Lycian)
wawa/i, c w (Luvian)
N te: this w rd
is in the Ta u a
Eugu ine and
the Piecenza
Liver which
was used f r
divinati n>
1-150
(Hittite)
ràthair, p . ràithrean,
ràthairei deartháir,
r ther (Irish)
ràthair, r ther (Sc tt)
rawd ( r dyr), r ther,
friar,
erethren (We sh)
reur, reudeur, r ther
(Bret n)
frate , r ther (Ita ian)
frère, r ther (French)
¦ §, rat, r ther
(Be arussian)
rat, r ther (Be arus)
rat, r ther (Ser Cr atian)
rat, r ther (Cr atian)
rate, r ther; ratrikai,
r thers (Ba tic-Sud vian)
r is, r ther (Latvian)
frate, r ther, fe w, pa
(R manian)
ve i, r ther (FinnishUra ic)
B v,
(8 8),
Script N612,
PL-20, PL-28
vaca (8ACA), CP36
vace (8ACE), Z500
kuauli, ike a c w
š€n(-a), r ther
(Hurrian)
hratar, hraatr^i hraatah,
r ther
x, c w
GU¢, c w, kuau, c w,
dadär; arâdar, ¡£¤¥
r ther (Persian)
, dzma, r ther
(Ge rgian)
š lu, tilmu, r ther,š lu,
r ther, a
tu,
r ther y re ati nship,
at nu, r ther-in- aw,
s n-in- aw, ridegr m,
re ative y marriage,
salsaja, r ther r s n,
third in age, ta mu,
c se r e ved
r ther, šešgallu, e der
r ther, a priest,
t ’amu, twin r ther,
twin sister, d u e
ject, twin (Akkadian)
damh, x, ó, c w
(Irish)
damh, x, ò, c w
(Sc tt)
ch, x, uwch, c w
(We sh)
ue, x, mucca, c w
(Ita ian)
Ÿuf, x, vache, c w
(French)
™˜ƒl¨óV, ade fós, r ther (Greek)
© ˆ , yegh ayr, r ther
(Armenian)
vë a, r ther (A anian)
frater-tris,
fratres,
fraternitas-atis,
fraternus-a-um
anaia, ne a, r ther (Basque)
ra', r ther (I yrian)
pracar, r ther
(T charian)
rafrer, mem er f
a c mmune,
(Lydian)
nªne/i-, r ther,
epñnªne/i, y unger
r ther (Lycian)
nanahit, r therh
(Luvian)
SEŠ, ŠEŠ,
d
r ther,
r ther [<OE
r th r]
N te: BRATEI
appears t e a
name, ased
up n the "ei"
suffix. See
E inei, E inai,
name f He en
f Tr y.
1-151
nekna, nene/i, r ther,
neknadr/neknan,
r therh d, neknahh,
r ther y, t regard
s me ne as a r ther,
neknah, t make
s me ne a r ther,
nani(a), f a r ther,
pranekna?,
ha f- r ther,
step- r ther,
FRATER r
BRATER
(8RATER), Script
R-1, R100, R156
FRATeR r
BRATeR
(8RATeR), Script
R164, G-1
FRATRO r
BRATRO
(FRATR ) Script
Q243, Q294, R88,
R565
FRATROM r
BRATROM
(8RATR M),
Script Q320
FRATROS r
BRATROS
(8RATR S), Script
Q424, Q468, Q521,
Q551, R229
BRATEI, FRATEI
(8RATEI), Script
XE-1
DUMU.MUNUS, r ther
(Hittite)
x
x
x
x
Brutti (Brutti &
Britti) - rum
x
name, Brutus;
pe p e f
S uthern Ita y
1-152
BRuTOSY, Script
F28
x
x
x
x
x
x
Brinai, name;
re: Brennus,
Ga ic chieftain
wh captured
R me 386 B.C.
1-153
Brinai (8RINAI),
Script PO15
Notes:
English word Dictionary and English word origins from "The Concise American Heritage Dictionary," Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1987.
Latin Dictionary mainly used, Cassell's, Latin-English, English-Italian Dictionary, Collier Books, MacMillan Publishing Co., NY, 1963
8/21/2019 9:40 AM
Ind -Eur pean Ta e 1, Etruscan
ca u ary, Etruscan Phrases, with Ind...
http://www.marav t.c m/Ind -Eur pean_Ta e.htm
Italian Dictionary, Mondadori's Italian-English, English-Italian Dictioanary, Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster, NY, 1961
French Dictionary, Larousse's French-English, English-French Dictionary, Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster, NY, 1971
Other dictionaries from online sources that have come and gone, as it were.
* Some Hittite words from www.utexas.edu.; Most of the Hittite vocabulary is adapted from Lia Pena, https://www.academia.edu/35508624/Hittite_English_Dictionary.docx. uploaded 3.06.18;
Hittite words with #, from: https://thevore.com/hittite/ (1/30.19)
Avestan words from: http://www.avesta.org/avdict/avdict.htm#dctc
Tocharian words were obtained through various online sources; however, we owe thanks to the following for enabling new additions in our current edition>: a dictionary recently uploaded to
academia.edu: “A Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A Vol 1: Letters a-j,” By Gerd Carling In collaboration with Georges-Jean Pinault and Werner Winter.
Persian words are mainly from https://glosbe.com/en/fa/
* All ETP numbers from http://etp.classics.umass.edu/
(1) Based upon the suffix, "ia" used in the Divine_Mirror.html, for people, Tinia, (god Tini) Elenia (Helen of Troy) and Acaia, it is probable that the suffix relates to personal names, perhaps
as a genetive ending.
(2) Ati is the word for father in Turkish.
(3) According to the Iliad, when listing the allies of the Trojans who came to help them in the war against the Achaiains (Greeks), the Carians, who lived along the southeastern coast of
Turkey, are listed as being of "barbarian speech." Note, then, the similarity of Carian speech, in this case involving the word eight, to English.
(4) While this should be obvious to our readers by now, tad-cu is used in south Wales and taid in north Wales. The Bretons, who use tad-kozh, came from south Wales, and tad-kozh is
probably the older form.
(5) Script AO, an inscription on the lintel of a tomb in Orvieto, says, "AMAR LE ANA TE," "to love there Ana your" (to love your Ana there). See Miscellaneous_Short_Scripts.html. The
name, Ana, appears in several scripts.
(6) Scripts AR, NC and SM, Miscellaneous_Short_Scripts.html, reflect nearly identical scenes on cinerary urns. These scenes appear to be of Polynices and Eteocles, the classic tale of the
sons of Oedipus, king of Thebes. The two sons had agreed to rule Thebes jointly after their father's disgrace, but Eteocles did not honor the bargain and banished his brother. This quarrel, the
result of Oedipus' curse on his sons, resulted in the war of the Seven Against Thebes and the death of the brothers at each other's hands. Eteocles was succeeded on the throne by his son
Laodamas, or by Creon who was perhaps acting as regent for the boy. While the themes of the urns are the same, they were not made from the same mold, since there is a
change in costumes for the four characters in each scene (two women who appear to be prostitutes), the attacker and the attacked. Click on the thumbnail to view the two
scripts: It is interesting that the character in Script AR is depicted with a missing hand. Was he a thief? Yet, the inscription on his urn seems to call him "a friend royal." He
looks like he was a good looking young man.
(7) The use of AL is curious, and it certainly cannot be "to the, at the" as in Italian, since Etruscan does not use the word, 'the." In the Hermene Script, HT, it is the last word in an
inscription on a tile that appears to be identifying the place of Hermes. "alius" seems to be the appropriate word in the context of the usage, "vastness of Hermenes god to the rebirth of
another." In the Etruscan banquet scenes, etc., there is an offering of an egg. This appears in the scene of Uni Suckling Hercules, where she is giving Hercules, whom she tried to destroy,
life (Uni, as Juno and Hera, were the goddesses of childbirth). The egg is a symbol of life, rebirth, to Christians and other faiths. In the Miscellaneous_Short_Scripts_a.html we can see
how important the egg is in the afterlife. It is part of the banquet offerings, along with the drink which may be like Soma, the drink of Indra and the gods. Hermes is a god who carried the
departed soul to the abode of the afterlife. He also is identified with the invention of writing, the bringer of knowledge, and would be so as the messenger of the gods.
(8) An appelation in the Tavola Eugubine is ATIIERIV, with declensions, "Atigerius." This compares to the Rig Veda's appelation concerning its founding fathers or patriarchs. We have
three expressions hinting at the source of this term. The first is that referring to the Adityas, the gods who reign in the highest heavens, with Aditi meaning "eternity or eternal" (Rig Veda
Book 1, XIV.3). According to Professor Müller's translation of the Rig Veda 1.230, 'Aditi, an ancient god or goddess, is in reality the earliest name invented to express the Infinite; not the
Infinite as the result of a long process of abstract reasoning, but the visible Infinite, th endless expanse beyond the earth, beyond the clouds, beyond the sky.' One of the famous early sages
or reciters (Rsis) of the Rig Veda was Atri (Rig Veda Book 1, XLV.3). Coincidentally, the sons of Atreus , Agamemnon (the king of Mycenae) and Menelaüs, they and their sons being called
Atreidae, are called to mind, since they engaged the sons of Atys (King Priam and his allies) in the Trojan war. The other, frequently mentioned ancient family in the Rig Veda is the
Angirases (Rig Veda Book 1, I.6). It may be that the Etruscan memory together with that of the Illiad and the Rig veda, recall two ancient Indo-European ancestors of a tribe preceeding
the Greeks, Etruscans and Aryans of the Rig Veda. My source on the Rig Veda is Ralph T. H. Griffith, "Sacred Writings, Hinduism: The Rig Veda," Quality Paperback Book Club, New
York, 1992 and Motilal Banarsidass Publishers PVT. LTD. I highly recommend it, particularly with regard to Griffith's footnotes. A copy of the Rig Veda and other Sanskrit literature
may be read at: http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/.
Not to confuse things, but Ati is also a name for "king" in the "Hymn to Osiris Un-Nefer," "Egyptian Book of the Dead, Book 1." Early Greek mythology recalls that one of the first kings
of Argos was Danaüs, from Egypt. He and his brother Aegyptus were twin sons of Belus, who ruled the vast territory of Egypt. The brothers each had fifty children by many wives.
Danaüs had only daughters, while Aegyptus had only sons. Belus gave Libya to Danaüs and Arabia to Aegyptus. Mixed in the episode are the Melampodes who occupied a portion of the
lands and was conquered by Aegyptus. Subsequently Aegyptus named the lands after himself. Then apparently Aegyptus had his eyes on Danaüus' inheritance, and fearing his brother's
plot to kill him Danaüs made an arrangement with the goddess Athena to sail with his daughters to Argos. There are several versions of the story, as to how the Argives claim inheritance
from Danaüs, but the versions come down to the fact that only one of the 50 daughters produced progeny to inherit the Argive throne. It seems that Danaüs, suspecting a plot to overthrow
him, persuaded his daughters to kill their husbands. Only one daughter, the eldest named Hypermnestra, refused to kill her husband, Lynceus, because he had respected her virginity.
Lynceus inherited the throne of Argos from Danaüs.
The Trojan war was launched from the area, Argolis, on the Gulf of Argolis which included the cities of Argos, Tyrns, Mycennae, etc. The people in the Illiad who invaded Troy are
referred to by the names of "Argives" and "Danaäns" and the terms were often applied to the Greeks as a whole. After the period of the Trojan war the area came under attack, as
evidenced by the Mycennaean tablets called "Linear B" and with the destruction of their citadels the Mycennaean (Danaän) dominance of the Mediterranean came to an end (circa. 1180
B.C.). The Etruscans, as sons of Tyrsenus, son of Atys, may have inherited the "Mycennaean" legacy – carrying on the art and technology – continuing it from their new base in Italy. The
name, Argos, beyond being the name of one of the towns, became the symbol of the area encompassing the citadels of the Argolis, and one of King Agamemnon's titles, as king of Mycenae,
was "king of Argos," the supreme commander over all the forces from the Gulf of Argolis. The story of Danaüs and his daughters is related by several sources. Aeschylus, in his play, The
Suppliants, recalls the daughters of Danaüs supplicating King Pelasgus for asylum from Aegyptus. To read the play click on The Suppliants.
(9) I was curious at the expression in the Rig Veda regarding battling against a hundred "iron castles." A specific reference is in the Rig Veda, Book IV.27.1, " A hundred iron fortresses
confined me.." which compares to Book II.14.6, "...who as thunder demolished Sambara's hundred ancient castles.." Not being able to imagine "iron castles" erected in the Bronze Age
(~1,500 B.C., when the Rig Veda was supposedly created) I consulted Capeller's online Sanskrit Dictionary (http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/indologie/tamil/cap_search.html) and it
revealed that "ayas" is the word for iron, metal, but the word no doubt referred to bronze before iron was widely used. I can visualize the authors of the Rig Veda gazing upon walled cities
whose gates or edifices might have been faced with bronze or metal sheeting. See also Book 1, Hymn LVI.3, "the iron one," i.e., the thunderbolt.
(10) The Rig Veda addresses its [most] ancient, priestly family as the Angirases. See Book 1. LI.3. This name is remarkebly close to the Atiierie.
(11) We used the following current websites in compiling translations (some sites used from 2004-2006 are no longer online) :
Sanskrit: http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/mwquery/
(12) Update: September 2011> reconciling Indo-European Table to Etruscan_GlossaryA.xls.
Please beam me back to Etruscan_Phrases
Launched 12.14.03
Updated: 12.21.03; 12.25.03; 12.17.03; 12.28.03; 1.03.04; 1.04.04; 1.18.04; 2.22.04; 2.29.04; 3.04.04; 3.07.04; 3.11.04; 3.16.04; 3.20.04; 3.21.04, 3.31.04, 4.06.04; 4.07.04; 4.14.04; 4.25.04; 5.03.04; 5.16.04; 6.13.04;
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases with Ind...
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.html
08.20.19 Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases– Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European
(PIE):
Etruscan_Phrases
Indo-European Table 1, Part 2
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
This table has Indo-European, Akkadian, Hurrian, Georgian (Kartlevian),
Latvian (Baltic) and Finnish (Uralic) selections. We have colored words that
may be related among the various languages/families. The coloring provides an
unusual view of the mix and concordance of the cited languages.
Table 1, Section 1A: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Note: colors indicate possible relationship among words.
Sanskrit
Avestan, Persian,
Georgian, Hurrian,
Akkadian
ka, kahe, who,
ta [-], this, that, he,
she, it, aya [aem] (fî),
this, cim?, interr.
pron. who, what,
which (Avestan)
ke, ce kasi, who;
ke, kodâm, which; ce,
kodâm, ânce,
what (Persian)
, vin, who,
, romelits’,
which,
, rom,
, ra, what
that,
(Georgian)
,
kas, api, that,
although, yad, that,
since
1 of 31
Slavic, Baltic, Romanian,
Finnish-Uralic
Greek, Armenian,
Albanian, Basque
Latin
other
English
Etruscan
, chto, who,
, što,
what, that, , jaki, which
(Belarussian)
a, who, which, sin,
that, Cad, what (Irish)
cò, who, dè, what,
sin, that (Scott)
chto, pron. who;
pwy, sawl, a, who,
, o opios,
cyj, pron. whose
what pa, a, which; a,
who,
, oi
sto, pron. what
hwnnw (honno) that;
opoíes which; ti,
(Belarus)
sydd, which hwn
puios,
which;
poia,
(hon), this; beth, what
tko,who, da, that, što,
poio,
what,
,
óti,
(Welsh)
what, koji, which
that
(Greek)
(Croatian)
qui, who, which chi, who; ce, che,
, ov, who,
,
quae, any, some, quello, quella, cio,
that, quale, which,
vory which,
,
who, which,
kto,
who,
który,
which,
co,
che cosa, what
inV(-), pron, dem.,
inch’, what, , vor, what, quod,
what, e, that (Polish)
(Italian)
that (Urartian)
that (Armenian)
quid
that,
which,
qui, who, lequel,
ave-, abe-, ave-, who, ka, what (Baltic
kush, who, which
est, what
cette, that which,
Sudovian)
au=nni, what, andi,
Çfarë, what, që,
quelle, what (French)
andu, -lla, -l, -nna,
kurš, who, ka, that, kas,
that (Albanian)
-n, anV-, that
which, what (Latvian)
(Hurrian)
kas, who, which, tai, that, bertan, zein, which,
kuse, kus (pron.
k , what (Lithuanian)
zer, what, nor, who,
inter.) [B kuse],
care, who, which, what,
nork, who?
who?, what?, kuc-ne
minu, pron. interr.,
whichever, ce, what, acea, (Basque)
(conj.), that, since,
who?, mija, who?,
that, (Romanian)
pron., rel. who,
ja’u, which, aba,
Kuka, who, että, that,
which (Tocharian)
abu, what, m nu,
mitä, what, joka, which
ki, who, what
interr., what?, allû,
(Lydian)
(Finnish-Uralic)
that, the other, agâ,
aga’a, agaja, aga’i,
annû, that, this,
kui, who, what
ammiu, m., amm t,
(Palaic)
f., that, those, š t,
pron. fem. s., she of,
that of, which, šât,
who? which, what
(interrog.)
whoever,
whichever
2-1
ca, Script
N74, Q468,
Q488,
Au35, BS-9,
Au36,
Au67, L-3,
LS-3,
XM-9,
Script N74,,
Script N74,
Q468,
Q488,
Au35;
BS-9
(probably is
what)
cai, Script
R87
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kui/kue/kua, who
what, someone,
anyone, kuis, who,
k s, this, kui-, that,
fem.pl. they of, those
of, which
(Akkadian)
parirak a a,
guarding, protecting,
a protector
saMvRta, concealed,
kept secret, cautious;
yat, yatati, -te, to
join, connect, unite;
take pains, be
cautious or careful;
prayatnavant
assiduous, careful:
prayatna, zealously,
diligently, carefully
âgâhi, ehtiyât,
caution,
âgâhânidan, to
be cautious,
movâzeb, adj., alert,
cautious, sanjydh,
€ careful,
guarded, restrained,
mature (Persian)
,
sip’rt’khilit’, caution
(Georgian)
n iru, guard, adj.,
protecting, na ru,
to guard, keep
somebody under
guard, to fulfill
duties, to be on the
alert, to heed, etc.,
na riš, guarded,
under guard,
ma artu, in ša
ma arti, guardian,
watchman
(Akkadian)
uzîra [uz-ir], to rise
up (Avestan)
barm khydan, ª «¬-®
challenge, mutiny,
rebel, revolt (Persian)
, ajanqeba,
to revolt,
,
ajanqeba, revolt
(Georgian)
rastrabhedin,
rebel; pratyucchri,
virodhak¨t, to rise
against, revolt,
r•jadroha© karoti,
to rebel
avaguh, to cover,
hide, conceal;
gunth, gunthayati, to
veil, conceal, hide,
cover; chada, pp.
nabalkattu, to
revolt, retreat, ramp,
ladder, burglary,
crossing, etc., našû,
to rise up against
someone, to arise, to
prosper, to take
medication, wear a
crown, bear fruit,
etc., tebû, to rise up
in revolt, to advance,
attack, get up, leave,
depart, erect a
building, etc.,
t n nû,
revolutionary?,
tibûtu, revolt,
resurrection,
departure, attack,
swarming,etc., z r
algat , rebellious
(as ana invective
referring to an ethnic
group, accursed
(Akkadian)
kur, adj., ½¾¿ blind,
nâbinâ, adj., À ®ÀÁ
blind, unable to see
târik, blind, adj.
xik, hide;
who, which, what, kuit,
what, ap -, apa-as,
that, he, she, it, ap s,
that, si/oni/ni/ini, that
(one) (Hittite)
• ‚ƒ„, acho…ny,
guarded, •†‡ ˆ ‰ƒ•†‡Š,
asciarožnas‹, caution
(Belarusian)
asciarozznasc,
caution, care,
prudence (Belarus)
Œuvan, guarded, Oprez,
caution (Croatian)
apsarg•ta, guarded,
piesardzŽba, caution
(Latvian)
p•zit, guarded, precaut,
cautious (Romanian)
varovainen, guarded,
varovaisuus, caution
(Finnish-Uralic)
¯°ƒ •±•‡Š, buntava‹, to
revolt, ²•‚† •ƒƒ³,
pa…stannie, revolt
(Belarusian)
na pobunu, to revolt,
pobuna, revolt (Croatian)
bunt, buntowac
sie, powstanie,
rewolta, revolt
(Polish);
sacelties, to revolt,
sacelšan•s, revolt
(Latvian)
s• se revolte, to revolt,
revolt•, revolt, cabra,
revolt, oppose in the case
of a horse (Romanian)
ylösnousemukseen, to
revolt, kapina, revolt
(Finnish-Uralic)
† •±•‡Š, schava‹, to hide,
‡ ƒ³‡Š, ciamnie‹, to
darken, †Ã ² Ä, sliapoj,
blind (Belarusian)
•‘ “ ”•, prosochi,
caution,
–—˜™› › ,
epifylaktikós,
guarded (Greek)
œ•Ÿœ• ¡ ¢,
pahpanum e,
guarded,
£¤ ¥ ¦§ ,
zgushut’yun,
caution (Armenian)
maturi, kujdes,
caution,
paralajmërim, njeri
argëtues,
caution (Albanian)
´™ µ ¶ ‘ —´, na
exegeíroun, to
revolt, ‘ “ ‘ –•,
peristrofí, revolt
(Greek)
•œ·¸•¡¹ ¦§ ,
apstambut’yun, to
revolt,
º •»
¼,
veratsnund, revolt
(Armenian)
për të revoltuar, to
revolt, revoltë,
revolte (Albanian)
caveo, cavere,
cavi, cautum
deficio-ficere
-feci
fectum, to do
less than one
might, to fail;
revolt, rebel, to
fail
rebello-are, to
rebel
tumultuari,
revolt
matxinatzeko, to
revolt, matxinada,
revolt (Basque)
›Å´ —–˜•, kánei
tyflí, to make blind;
tyfli, blind, ´™
—–˜ÆÈ na
tyflotheí, to blind
cosanta, guarded,
rabhadh, caution
(Irish)
dìon, guarded,
rabhadh, caution
(Scott)
gwarchodedig,
guarded,
gochelgarwch,
wariness, caution
(Welsh)
protetto, guarded,
cautela, caution,
attenzione, caution
(Italian)
gardé, m., gardée, f.,
guarded, mise en
garde; faites attention,
be careful, avertir, to
warn (French)
chun éirí amach, to
revolt, réabhlóid,
revolt (Irish)
gu ar-a-mach, to
revolt, ar-a-mach,
revolt (Welsh)
gwrthryfela, to revolt,
gwrthryfel, revolt
(Welsh)
rivoltare, to revolt
(Italian)
révolter, cabrer, to
buck, to revolt
(French)
k•tka-, rise, to arise,
k•tklune, arising
(Tocharian)
to be on one's
guard
2-2
cave
(CA8E),
Script Q162
caver
(CA8ER),
Script
Q232
CAF_,
(cau-. caf-)?
Script ZA-4
to rear, to shy, to
buck, to revolt
(from L. revolvovolvere-volvivolutum, to roll
backwards, to go
over again)
kabro
(KA8RV)
Script
Q162;
cabro
(CA8RV),
Script
Q232
2-3
pahs, to rise,
uakkariie/a,
wakrie/a, to revolt,
rebel, against (Hittite)
caeco-are, to
make blind or
dark
celo-are, to hide,
to make blind?
hide? darken,
[<OE doerc],
a cheilt, to hide, to
blind, dall, chun
cace, Script
M8
hazy [Origin
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dorchadas, to darken
(Irish)
gus falach, to hide, gu
dall, to blind, gu
dorchadas, to darken
(Scott)
celu, to hide, conceal,
cloak, dissemble;
cuddio, to hide,
conceal, cloak, mask;
dirgelu, to secret,
conceal, hide; llechu, to
hide, shelter, lurk,
skulk; dallu, to blind,
dazzle, daze (Welsh)
nascondere, to hide,
accecare, to blind,
oscurare, to darken
(Italian)
cacher, to hide, conceal,
aveugler, to blind,
assombrir, to darken
(French)
ªÀÊ Ë
ª Ì to hide
(Persian)
,
damalva, to hide,
, brma, to blind,
, bneli, to
darken (Georgian)
timeri, timari, dark
(Hurrian)
channa, to cover,
veil, hide, conceal,
keep secret, t•masaÉ,
dark, obscure
x
n ilu, in la n ilu,
uppu u, adj., blind,
uppudu, blind or
having an eye defect,
perhaps to blind,
cause an eye injury,
nap u, blind, to
gouge out eyes, to
kick up dust, turn
upside down, etc.,
m š tu, adj.,
blindness, diru,
darkening, ad ru,
fear, ad ru, fear, to
fear the diety, respect
the oath,
da’ummatu,
darkness, gloom,
tarkiš , adv., darkly,
tarku, turruku, dark
colored, tirku, dark
spot, stroke, hit,
blow, etc., turku,
dark spot, ašû,
dark, cloudy,
(Akkadian)
x
chavac, kryc, to
hide; slapy, adj.
blind (Belarus) sakriti, to
hide, slijepima, to blind,
zatamniti, to darken
(Croatian)
Ílepy, blind, ukry‹, to hide
(Polish)
uz akli, to blind, slÎpties,
to hide, pasliktin•t, to
darken (Latvian)
a orbi, to blind, a se
ascunde, to hide, pentru a
întuneca, to darken
(Romanian)
tehdä sokea, to make
blind, piiloutua, to hide,
tummenna, to darken
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
grilia, tyflono,
blind; ›‘—ÏÆ,
kryvo, to hide
(Greek)
Ð § , kuyr, to
blind, ¦•ÑÒ ºÓ,
t’ak’ts’nel, to hide,
¡¦ ºÓ, mt’nel, to
darken (Armenian)
fsheh, mbaj të
fshehtë, zhduk, fut,
to hide; verboj,
qorroj, to blind
(Albanian)
Erebus-i, god of
darkness, lower
world
See "darken,"
10-14
dasuuahh, tasuah, to
make blind,
tasuant, blind,
itsu, itsua, blind,
ilun, dark, obscure,
iluntasuna,
darkness, beldurra,
fear, to fear, iluna,
gloomy (Basque)
x
blind, ks•(Tocharian)
unknown]
2-4
ule-> hide, conceal,
dnkui, dnkuai, black,
dark, dankuuahh,
danku(ua)nu,
dankuianu,
dnkuneske/a,
dnku(a)nu, dnkuinu,
dnkuah, black, to
make black, dankues,
dnkues, to become
black, dnkudr,
darkness, (Hittite)
x
x
see ca8e above
CAF_,
Script ZA-4
2-5
x
x
x
Chiana Valley,
betwen Sienna
and Perugia
x
Chaina, place
name, Chiana
Valley :
Caina, Caino?
Captured by
Numicius 468
B.C.
2-6
x
x
thweresaiti [thwares],
to cut off, to destroy
(Avestan)
boridan, ª Õ-® , to cut
cidan, zadan, ªÖ× to
cut, koštâr, ½ÀØÙ¿
slaughter, keštán,
ÚØÙ¿ to annihilate,
slaughter (Persian)
, ts’ema, to
beat,
,
cais, apricot tree
(Romanian)
¯ ‡Š, bi‹, to beat,
Û•ˆÜÛ•‡Š, zareza‹, to
slaughter, Û•¯ ‡Š, zabi‹, to
kill, ††³ Ý„, ssiekŒy, to
cut down (Belarusian)
scinac, sciac, cut
off, cut down
(Belarus)
na klanje, to slaughter,
smanjiti, to cut down,
ubiti, to kill, pobijediti, to
beat (Croatian)
x
“ “–™¶•, se sfagí,
to slaughter, ´™
È—“ Å“ , na
thysiásei, to
sacrifice niko,
ypertero, ktypo,
beat; kobo, tomi,
cut; (Greek)
£ Ÿ•¹º ºÓ
Ÿ•¡• ,
zohaberelu hamar,
to sacrifice,
Caius = Gaius,
abbrev. C, a
Roman
praenomen, f.,
Gaia; port of
Caieta
x
caedis-is,
cutting down,
slaughter,
killing; pers.
slain (L.
caedis-is; 3rd
Decl. Acc.
-em>im);
Context: of
sacrifice of
he-goat]
)
Gaius, name
Chaina
(Ôaina),
Script
AB-1;
Caina,
Script NC-3
Cais, Script
MA-2
2-7
of slaughter,
[<ME, of Scand.
origin], killing (re:
a sacrifice), to
beat, [<OE
bÎatan], kill [<ME caitim,
killen], cut [<ME Script Z674
cutten], massacre,
murder,
2-8
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mokvla, to kill,
,
shemts’ireba, to cut
down,
,
sasaklao, to slaughter
(Georgian)
zašg-, to kill
(Hurrian)
ucchedanIya, adj. to
be cut off; anuccho,
to cut open, cut up
nas-, n•Íayati, to
destroy
m•rayati, to kill
animals
karašû, to slaughter,
pal qu, to slaughter,
to run through (with
a sword or other
weapon), to bore, to
pierce, perforate,
nak su, to slaughter,
to kill, cut off, to be
slaughtered, to sever,
to rip a garment, to
diminish in the size
of real estate,
pulluqu, adj.,
slaughtered, naksu,
slaughtered, ripped,
felled, cut off,
šag šu, to slaughter
animals, to slay in
battle, to murder,
strike down, etc.,
šaggaštu , slaughter,
massacre, murder,
šaggaštu, in ša
šaggašti, man
commiting violence,
šagg•šu, murderer,
šagg•šû, murderous,
* adu, in adumma
ep šu, to kill, dâku,
to kill a person or
animal, murder,
execute, break a
tablet, etc., maq tu,
to kill animals in the
hunt, defeat an
enemy to fall down,
etc., n ru, to kill, to
slay, hit, strike, etc.,
diku, killed, slain,
etc., qat lu, to kill,
slaughter, cause to
slaughter, kilullû,
massacre, nak du, to
beat, palpitate, to
cause concern, na û,
to beat, to be beaten,
*na û, adj., beaten,
ni ûtu, beating,
ni ûtu, beating,
hitting, ta tiptu,
sacrificial
slaughtering
(Akkadian)
·œ• ¼ , spandin,
to slaughter, slay,
·œ• ºÓ, spanel, to
kill, »º»ºÓ, tsetsel,
to beat (Armenian)
për të sakrifikuar, to
do uboju, to slaughter,
zabi‹, to kill, pobi‹, to
sacrifice, për të
beat (Polish)
therur, to slaughter,
për të vrarë to kill,
kaušanai, to slaughter,
Sist, to beat, samazin•t, to për të rrahur, to beat
godas, rrah, godit,
cut down, upurÎt, to
lodh, mundoj, to
sacrifice (Latvian)
la sacrificare, to slaughter, beat; kadencë,
s• ucid•, to kill, a bate, to cadence [muz.]
beat, a t•ia, to cut, pentru a (Albanian)
lovi, to hit (Romanian)
teurastukseen, to
do uboju, to
slaughter, tappaa, to kill,
slaughter,
kaataa, to cut down, lyödä, mordowa‹, to
to beat (Finnish-Uralic)
murder, kill,
slaughter,
assasinate,
masakrowa‹, to
massacre, slaughter,
butcher, hack,
mangle, zabi‹, to
kill, uci ‹, to cut
(Basque)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.html
a mharúa, to
slaughter, kill, don
chlub, to club, a
íobairt, to sacrifice,
cóiste, coach,
caedence, caedence,
chun buille, to beat
(Irish)
marbhadh, to
slaughter, kill, gu
cluba, to club, airson
ìobairt, to sacrifice,
coidse, coach, gu
buille, to beat (Scott)
lladd, to kill, slay,
slaughter, cut, toli, to
reduce, cut, deduct;
torri, to break, cut,
facture, hack, hew,
crop, dig, coedio,
coach, i guro, to beat
(Welsh)
ridurre, cut down,
macellare, to
slaughter, battere, to
beat, uccidere, to kill,
cadenza, cadence,
rhythm (Italian)
tuer, to kill,
slaughter, abattre, to
slaughter, fell, cut
down, couper, to cut,
battre, to beat,
cadence, cadence
(French)
k•w- [B kau], to kill,
kolune, killing, ko t,
cut, edge, kärn- [B
kärn-], to beat, strike
(Tocharian)
fa-karsed, cut out
(Lycian)
kurana/i, cut in slices,
kursauar/kursau(a)n,
cut off, karsnu, kars,
cut off, to cancel,
kuar/ur, to cut,
kuri/kurai, cutter,
kurama,
kuratr/kuratn, cutting,
(Luvian)
ku nzi, #kwen,
kuenna/kuenn,
kuen/kun, to kill,
tuhhus->, tuhs, tuhus,
cut off, separate, to be
cut off, separated,
harnink->, destroy,
ku rzi, kuer/kur,
kuers/kurs, to cut, s r
ku n-> kill, strike,
huek/huk, to
slaughter,
hogesr/hogesn,
slaughtering, tksan
sar, cut in half,
divide, kartae, to cut
off, ark/rk , to cut
off, divide, karsiie/a,
to cut up, kukurs, to
cut up, mutilate,
karsesr/karsesn,
cutting, kurutsi,
cutter, karsat,
cutting, removal,
#tupi, to beat,
tsah/tsahh, tsah/tsh,
to beat, to hit
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http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.html
(Hittite)
acch•nu, to call out
to; zabda, sound, cry,
noise, call, word,
speech, sacered
syllable Om, name,
title;
zabdam kr raise
the voice, call aloud;
azavana, call,
hvayati, to call,
summon
sada zadan, ªÖ× Þ ß
to call, hail, calling,
xândan, davat
kardan, ªÖ-¿ à¾ãÖ to
summon, convoke,
request, nâmidan,
ª ¬ÀÁ to call,
designate, name
(Persian)
, darekva, to
call,
,
asakhelebs, to name,
,
gamodzakheba, to
summon (Georgian)
nabû, to call,
summon, proclaim,
etc., nabû, adj.,
called, nib tu, call,
pronunciation and
spelling, vocation,
name, etc., qabû, to
call, to name, permit,
promise, to ask, etc.,
nib tu, person called
by the gods, šiš tu,
summons, cry, loud
noise, shout,
proclamation,
rag mu, to call out,
to summon, convoke,
to lodge a claim, to
sue, to bring a legal
complaint, prophesy,
etc., tukku, call,
summon, rumor,
warning, šasû, to call
by name, call, invite,
exclaim again and
again, etc.,
(Akkadian)
ceke, âviz, cekidan,
ª êï to drop, kam
kardan, ªÖ-¿ ð¿ to
decrease, etc.
(Persian)
,
davardna, to drop,
, dats’ema, to
fall,
,
shemts’ireba, to
decrease,
,
gak’reba, to vanish
(Georgian)
binduka, drop;
cyut, cyotati, to drop,
sprinkle' gal, galati,
pp. galita, drip, drop,
fall, vanish, pass
away, gAlayati, cause
to drop, liquify, melt kud-, kut-, to fell
kut-, kud-, to fall,
turi, low, down
(Hurrian)
maq tu, to descend,
to suffer a defeat, to
perish, to throw
oneself down, to
swoop down, to
collapse, to fall
down, to fall, to fall
Û• à •‡Š, zaklika‹, to
summon, ƒ•Û±³, nazvie, to
name (Belarusian)
klikac, kliknuc, to
call, nazyvac,
nazvac, call, name
(Belarus)
nazvati, to name, zvati, to
call, pozvati, to summon
(Croatian)
przywoøa‹, to summon,
zadzwoni‹, to call (Polish)
zvanŽt, to call, izsaukt, to
summon, nosaukt, to
name (Latvian)
a apela, to call, a convoca,
to summon (Romanian)
soittaa, to call, kutsua, to
summon, nimetä, to name
(Finnish-Uralic)
±„²°†‡ ‡Š, vypusci‹, to
drop, ²•ñ•‡Š, pada‹, to
fall, ñà ²•Â ƒ ܃ƒ ,
dlia pamianšennia, to
decrease, Ûƒ Û ‡Š, znizi‹,
to lower (Belarusian)
puskac, to drop;
upadak, fall,
drop, collapse
(Belarus)
smanjiti, to lower,
decrease, pasti, to fall,
ispustiti, to drop
(Croatian)
upuÍci‹, to drop, upaÍ‹, to
fall, obni y‹, to lower,
zmniejszy‹, to decrease
(Polish)
krist, to fall, nomest, to
drop, samazin•ties, to
decrease, sabrukt, to
collapse (Latvian)
a scapa, to drop, a c•dea,
¶ ™ ´™ ›™˜å“ , gia
na kalésete, to call,
´ æÅçÆ, nomázo,
´™ ›™˜å“Æo, na
kaléso, to summon,
to name, “
”™˜Åç , sto chalázi,
to hail (Greek)
£• ¤ºÓ, Е ºÓ
Ÿ•¡• , zangel, to
call, kanch’yelu
hamar, to summon,
•
, anuny, to
name (Armenian)
per te thirrur, to
calo-are
call, summon, për të
përmendur, to
name, bërtas, ftoj,
thërras, thirrje,
bisedë, call, bej
thirrje, thërras,
thërres, summon
(Albanian)
k•ka- [B k•k•-], to
call (Tocharian)
2-9
wer, to call, to say
(Palaic)
kalis/klis, to call,
harti, #harti, to call,
#lamen, to call, name,
ueriianna/ueriianni,
weriana/weriani, to
call, summon, to
name, plah,
palah/palahh, to call,
summon, halz i-,
haliya-> halzai/halzi,
to call out, recite,
invite
(Hittite)
dei egin, to cite,
summon, deialdiak,
summons, deitu, to
call, izendatzeko, to
name (Basque)
´™ å“ , na pései,
to drop, fall, ´™
æ ÆÈ , na
meiotheí, to
decrease, stagona,
afino, ptosi, drop
(Greek)
Ð ºÓ, ynknel, to
fall, ¦ ô ºÓ,
t’voghnel, to drop
•£ºÒ ºÓ
Ÿ•¡• ,
nvazets’nelu hamar,
to decrease
(Armenian)
për t'u ulur, to
decrease, lower, të
bjerë, to drop, fall
pakësohem, ulem,
zvogëloj, to
decrease; ul, zbres,
pakësoj, poshtëroj,
vrenjtet, lower
(Albanian)
a Glaoigh, to call,
thoghairm, to
summon, ainm a
thabhairt, to name
(Irish)
a 'gairm, to call, gus a
ghairm, to summon,
gus ainm
ainmeachadh, to name
(Scott)
galw, to call, name,
dub, convene, hail, i
alw, to summon
(Welsh)
chiamare, to summon,
call, per convocare, to
convoke (Italian)
appeler, convoquer, to
to call [<ON
call, summon
kalla], summon,
(French)
name, [<OE
nama]
deicere, to drop,
cado-ere-cecidicaesu, to fall, to
droop, to
diminish, etc.
chun titim, to drop,
fall, a shliocht, to
descend, a laghdú, to
decrease (Irish)
gus tuiteam, to fall,
drop, a dhol sìos, to
descend, gus
lùghdachadh, to
decrease (Scott)
disgyn, to descend,
alight, dismount, light,
fall, drop, devolve, let
down; gollwng, to
drop, loose, let go,
absolve, discharge,
dismiss, leak (Welsh)
diminuire, to decrease,
far cadere, to drop,
calare, to fall (Italian)
diminuer, to decrease,
abandonner, to drop,
tomber, to fall
(French)
CAL, Script
Z1408;
CaLA,
Script Z463,
Z540,
Z1408;
CaLa, Script
K46,
AH-7;
KALA,
Script L38,
N149,
Q737,
R542;
KaLaS,
Script
N533;
KaLE,
Script R114;
KaLV,
Script
Q369,
Q388, R56,
R108,
R121, R133,
R150,
G-1
KALI,
Script
Q360;
KALI,
Script
Q360; (See
CAL, KALI
above;
to lower, strike,
descend upon,
decline, set,
drop, decrease, to
cut, [<Me cutten],
fell
2-10
calo-are;
possibly 1st
Pers. Ind.
Perf. 1st
Pers. single
cal•õ vŽ or
Conj. Pres.
3rd Pers.
Single,
calet)
k•rpa- (vb.) 1. [B
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in battle, etc., kat tu,
to descend to the
horizon, to submit
oneself, to be low,
kab su, to drop,
defeat an enemy, to
trample, etc., nadû,
to drop, overthrow,
load an animal,
wagon, cast a net, to
disregard an order,
rite, etc., to brew
beer, etc., nas k, to
deposit silver, to
remove an object, to
cast aside, reject,
etc., nat ku, to drop,
drip, trickle, etc.,
ramû, to drop, leave
behind, to limp, to
loosen, to permit, etc.
(Akkadian)
ka÷hina (f. n• =
callous)
ki ak¨ta
ko ÷haÉ, chamber,
room, vezman,
dwelling, house,
khoÿakaÍŽr am,
arched roof, vault,
nikujja, thicket,
bower, vault; naka,
celestial vault,
heaven, sky;
nabhastala [tala,
place, like the palm
of the hand] celestial
vault; apavaraka, bed
chamber; bhumigrha,
an underground,
gartaÉ, cell, small
cavity, harmyam,
dome, house
zvas, zvasiti, zvasati,
te, blow, bluster, hiss,
whistle, snort,
breathe, sigh; lap,
lapAta (-te),
chatter, prate, talk,
lament, wail; kaj,
kUjati, -te, make
,
mdzime tsebovani,
hard skinned
(Georgian)
kamra, Þ-!¿ arched
chamber, vault, otâq,
$À%Þ chamber, room,
slul, &¾+€ cell,
(Persian)
, palata,
chamber,
,
sardap’it’, vault,
, otakhi, room,
, sak’anshi,
cell (Georgian)
*lubbuttu, arch,
brick arch?,
mušapši u,
supporting arch?,
takkannu, chamber,
niche, bench, almu,
in b t alme, niche?,
ur u, in b t ur i,
chamber or cella,
(Akkadian)
gohar, -^¾` gem,
nâle, groaning,
sigh; nâydan, ª {ÀÁ
to sigh, groan
(Persian)
,
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.html
k•rp-],descend,
[B kl•y•-], fall down,
kl•lune, falling,
ko ta-, to strike
(Tocharian)
muwete?,
descendance,
tsapie/a, to drip,
drop, leak, mumiadr,
to collapse, fall,
isnuwa, to set, settle,
walhesr/walhesn,
strike, blow(Hittite)
to fall, a c•dea
a se prabusi. to collapse, a
reduce, to decrease
(Romanian) pudottaa, to
drop, pudota, to fall,
vähentää, to decrease
(Finnish-Uralic)
‡ ‰ • ð² ƒ•Ä,
ciažka lupinaj, hard
skinned (Belarusian)
tvrda koža, hard skinned
(Croatian)
cieta •da, hard skinned,
grüti, hard (Latvian)
greu, hard, tare jupuit•,
hard skinned (Romanian)
kovaa nahkaa, hard
skinned (Finnish-Uralic)
•Â³ˆ•, kamera, chamber,
ƒ°Â•ˆ, numar, room,
ó •, klietka, cage, cell
(Belarusian)
komora, chamber, soba,
room, ‹elija, cell
(Croatian)
grobowiec, tomb,
piwnica, cellar,
sklepienie, vault;
izba, komora,
pokoj, sala, room,
chamber, komórka, cell
(Polish)
kamera, chamber, šüna,
cell, istaba, room
(Latvian)
camer•, chamber, room,
seif, vault, celul•, chillie,
cell, (Romanian)
kammio, chamber, huone,
room, solu, cell, (FinnishUralic)
•
‚ƒ„ •Â³ƒŠ,
kašto…ny kamie|, jewel
“›˜ý‘ þå‘æ™,
skliró dérma, hard
skinned (Greek)
»• ¹»º ,
tsanr btsery, hard
skinned (Armenian)
e vështirë i
skinnuar, hard
skinned (Albanian)
ÈŘ™æ - @ÆæÅ ,
thálamos - domátio,
chamber, room,
È ˜ , thólos, vault,
›J ™‘ , kYttaro,
cell (Greek)
œ•Ó•¸ , palaty,
chamber, œ•Ÿ Ò,
pahots’, vault, ¹\ \,
bjij, cell, ·º §•Ð,
senyak, room,
chamber
(Armenian)
kube, chamber,
kupolë, cupola,
qemer, archway,
dhomë [polit.],
dhomëz [anat.],
chamber, room,
qelizë, cell
(Albanian)
gela, room,
chamber, cell, toki,
point, room
(Basque)
› “æ•æ™ ™,
kosmímata,
jeweled, thrino,
callosus, hard
skinned, solid
camera-ae,
chamber,
cella-ae,
granary, stall,
cell, small room
craiceann crua, hard
skinned (Irish)
craiceann cruaidh,
hard skinned (Scott)
croen caled, caled,
hard (Welsh)
callosita, callous,
(Italian)
calleux, callous,
hard(French)
seomra, chamber,
room, bóthair,vault,
cill, cell, churchyard,
cadhain, cell (Irish)
seòmar, chamber,
sneachda, vault, rùm,
room, cealla, cell
(Scott)
llofft, vault, siambr,
chamber, beddgell
(oedd], vault,
catacomb, cell
(oedd-au), ystafell
(oedd), chamber,
room, gell, chell, cell,
cell, (Welsh)
camera, room,
chamber, cellula, cell
(Italian)
chambre, chamber,
room, house,
compartment,
camériste, chamber
maid, celule, cell
(French)
name? callous,
hard skinned?
2-11
vaulted chamber
[<Lat. camera-ae],
vault?, cell, [<Lat.
cella, chamber],
room [<OE r üm],
dome [<Lat.
domus, house
calos,
(CALVS),
Script M-1
CaMaReM,
Script M-74
2-12
kurek•r (n.masc.) [B
kwrak•r], house with
vaulted roof
(Tocharian)
gemmatus-a-um,
adorned with
jewels;
gemitus-us, a
seoda, jeweled,
sigh, groan,
mengerang, groan
groaning
(Irish)
bejeweled,
jeweled
[<OFr. jöel]?
a sigh, groan
[<OE
granian]?
kamito
(KAMITV),
Script Q543
(bejeweled)
2-13
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•
‚ƒ•†‡  ,
kašto…nasciami, jeweled,
† •}ƒ•‡Š, stahna‹, moan
(Belarusian)
samkaulebi, jeweled,
,
dzvirp’asi k’va,
jewel,
,
shvebit’, sigh
(Georgian)
inarticulate sounds,
cry, sing, moan,
groan
diglu, gem, precious
stone inlay, nâqu, to
groan, cry, labû, to
groan, growl, howl
(Akkadian)
jencec, moan
(Belarus)
dragulj, jewel, ukrašen,
jeweled, stenjati, moan
(Croatian)
klejnot, gem, ozdobiony
klejnotami, bejeweled,
j~cze‹, to groan (Polish)
d•rgakmens, jewel,
jeweled, sÎrot, groan
(Latvian)
bijuterie, jewel, geam•t,
moan (Romanian)
jalokivikoristeinen,
jeweled, helmi, jewel,
jyrisyttää, to groan
(Finnish)
seudan, jeweled, geal,
moan (Scott)
gemwaith, jeweled
gemog, adj. jeweled,
geg, moan
(Welsh)
gemere, to groan;
gemma, gem, jewel
(Italian)
gémir, to groan; bijou,
jewel (French)
bogko, bogkito,
stenagmos, moan
(Greek)
£• ¼º ,
zarder, jeweled,
• • ¦§ ,
khonavut’yun,
moan (Armenian)
kërcitje, rënkim,
ofshamë, groan;
rënkoj, ofshaj, to
groan; pëshpërit, to
sigh (Albanian)
katu, [B ketwe],
jewelry (Tocharian)
prasha/prusha
/prashi, gem, a
semiprecious stone
(Hittite)
sarâyidan,
xândan,
to
sing, chant, study,
âvâz xândan,
to sing, chant,
vocalize (Persian)
, mgherian,
to sing (Georgian)
anugai to sing after
or to, to celebrate in
song; pragIta,
singing; arcayati,
-te}, pp. {arcita}
(q.v.) cause to shine;
honour, salute; stu,
stauti, stute, stavate,
sing, chant; ga,
gayati (-te) & gati,
praise, proclaim, call
with a song, sing or
call to
shvaana, kukkura
nagû, to sing
joyously, nas su, to
sing, to complain, to
wail, aštalû, eštalû,
a type of singer,
galm u, chief
singer of dirges,
ari u, singer of
lamentations, š r tu,
position of a singer,
ar u, to sing, to
sing a lamentation,
utter cries of
mourning, š ru,
zimru, song,
zum ru, refrain or
burden of a song,
in u , song or tune,
zam u, to sing a
song with or without
instruments, have
singers and
musicians perform,
to be sung, tigû,
song, stringed
instrument, zam ru,
song, literary
composition to be
sung, zamm ru,
singer, zamm ru, in
rab z mm r , chief
singer, zammeru,
singer of aspecial
type, (Akkadian)
spâ , span [-],
sûnahe, dog
(Avestan)
sag, •‚ dog (Persian)
, dzaghli, dog
(Georgian)
kalbu, dog,
constellation
Hercules, a fish,
canadh, sing (Irish)
can, va. cantainn,
cantainn, singing,
speaking; seinn, sing
(Scott)
kanañ, to sing
(Breton)
, spiava , to sing
(Belarusian)
picsnia, song
(Belarus)
pjevati, to sing (Croatian)
piewa , to sing (Polish)
dzied, to sing (Latvian)
grimat, to sing (BalticSudovian)
cânta, to sing (Romanian)
laulaa, to sing (FinnishUralic)
,
tragoudo, to sing
psallo, chant
(Greek)
€, yergum, to
sing (Armenian)
këndoj, to sing
(Albanian)
cano, canere,
cecin, cantum,
to sing
canu, to sing, chant,
play, crow, ring
(Welsh)
canto (1) song,
singing (2) corner;
cantare, to sing;
cantante, singer
(Italian)
chanter, to sing,
chanteuse, chanteur,
singer (French)
to sing, play, to
prophesy [OE
singan], chant,
2-14
abestu, to sing,
abesti, song
(Basque)
ge, singing, song
(Tocharian)
SIR, to sing,
shmai/shmi,
ishamai/ishami,
ishamiie/a, to sing,
shmadla, singer,
#išhamai, a song,
shmai, song, melody
(Hittite)
ƒ „ , sabaka, dog
(Belarusian)
pas, dog (Serbo
Croatian)
sabaka, dog
(Belarus)
pas, dog (Croatian)
…†‡ˆ ‰, skýlos,
dog (Greek)
Š ‹, shun, dog
(Armenian)
mashkull, qen, dog
(Albanian)
canis-is
ci, dog (Welsh)
madra, dog (Irish)
cù , dog (Scott)
ki, dog (Breton)
cane, dog (Italian)
chien, dog (French)
dog [OE docga]
2-15
kane, Script
Q46;
kane
(KaNE),
Script Q65,
Q74, Q84,
Q95, Q416,
Q717,
Q775,
Q795,
Q829, R405
kaneto
(KaNETV)
Script Q887
kanev
(KaNE8),
Script Q821
kantor,
(KaNTVR),
Script Q311
KaNI,
Script
Q442,
Q452,
Q460,
Q805,
R596, R607
KaNIS,
Script
Q847,
R574, R584
see arco
KANE,
KaNE,
KaNES,
KaNI,
KaNIS, as
listed
above
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kalbatu, female dog,
bitch, a leather part
of the plow,
kalb niš, like a dog,
m r nu, young dog,
puppy, cub of a wild
animal, kalbu, in ša
kalb , hunting dogs
keeper (Akkadian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.html
can, dog (Illyrian)
kan, dog (Lydian)
ku, krŒke, dog
(Tocharian)
suwana, kuwas, dog
(Hittite)
pies, dog (Polish)
sunis (Baltic-Sudovian)
suns, dog (Latvian)
câine, dog (Romanian)
koira, dog (Finnish-Uralic)
Chaneri, gens?
x
x
x
x
x
x
2-16
x
x
x
x
Cannae-arum
[f.pl]
x
place name,
Cannae?
2-17
xâkestari, •Ž••‘’ ,
grey, ashen, blanched,
sefid, adj, grey kohan,
sâlxorde, pir, old, adj.
(Persian)
,
“”•–, šery, grey
natsrisperi, grey
(Belarusian)
(Georgian)
sivy, sery, adj.
grey (Belarus)
litt tu, extreme old
siva, grey (Croatian)
palita, grey, hoary;
age, lab r tu, old
vidhUmra, adj. quite age, long duration,
grey; see vid, vetti, to *paršumu, to let live szary, grey (Polish)
pel—ks, grey (Latvian)
know
to old age, to be
blessed with old age, gri, grey (Romanian)
nissatu, old age,
harmaa, grey (Finnishweakness?, pe û,
Uralic)
white, pale, bleached,
cleared, emptied of
vegetation,
obstructions, etc.,
sintered (Akkadian)
iraskam, cap, skull
cap, kulapati, head of
a famly; zIrSan,
head; nirvyUDhi,
issue, end, top,
summit; cUlaka, tuft,
crest, adj., cUlikA,
comb of a
cock, crest, summit
x
kolâh, Ÿ ‘ cap,
crown, hat, kaskat,
¡¢‚’‘ cap, helmet
(Persian)
, cap, cap
(Georgian)
£¤„ , vie¥ka, cap
(Belarusian)
sapka, cap;
kapitan,
captain, stalica, capital
(Belarus)
kapa, cap (Croatian)
kubšu, cap, part of
the exta, cap of a
seal, headdress, a
part of the plow,
name of a bird, lit.,
"my cap is
multicolored," a part
of the human body,
pingu, cap, knob,
finial, pan gu, to
cap, to mount
(Akkadian)
czapka, cap (Polish)
vŒci¦š, cap (Latvian)
capac, cap (Romanian)
korkki,cap (FinnishUralic)
x
x
† ˜, nkrí, grey
(Greek)
€ ™ › œ‹,
mokhraguyn, grey
(Armenian)
vjec, aged; bëhem
gri, përhihet, to
become grey
(Albanian)
canus-a-um,
whitish, grey,
aged
pallare, to
become pale
† §¨†©, kapáki, cap,
skoufos, kalypto,
ypertero, cap;
koryfi, skepasma,
anotatos, skepazo,
top (Greek)
ª™› «, glkhark,
cap (Armenian)
kasketë, kësulë,
helmetë, kapak,
skufje, kupë,
shkronja kapitale,
cap (Albanian)
caput-itis, the
head; also the
top, summit,
extremity,
source;
capitaneus,
command
x
Capri?
liath, grey (Irish)
liath, grey (Scott)
llwyd (loyd), brown,
grey, pale, hoary
(Welsh)
vedi, grey (Italian)
gris, grey; vieux, viell, name? aged,
vielle, aged, old
whitish grey [OE
(French)
graeg],
hoary, [OE hŒr],
miyahwanz, •U-GI,
pallid
old, harkis, white
(Hittite)
caipín, cap (Irish)
caip, cap (Scott)
cap-iau, cap; cochl-au,
mantell-oedd, pall-on,
mantle (Welsh)
cappa, cap (Italian)
capuchon, capuche,
hood, cowl (French)
2-18
vault, mantle,
frock, cowl, cap
[<LLat. cappa]?
2-19
¬- „ ®¬¯, jon kaziol,
he-goat, „ ®°, kazu,
she-goat (Belarusian)
jarac (Serbo
± † …˜†©, ton
katsiki, he goat,
tragos, gida, goat
(Greek)
Canin,
Script Z19,
Z29, Z1177
canua
(CANFA)
canbva,
Script
Z1319
(probably,
he had
sung,
canžbat)
cap, Script
N149
cape, Script
K74
lopani, royal cap
(Hittite)
x
name? Capari,
Capri?
2-20
anumayanãm
[anumaya]
(Avestan)
boz, goat (Persian)
Kaneri,
Script
BS-11,
VP-14
he-goat [<OE gat]
caper-ri
2-21
capari,
Script ZB-4,
Z842,
Z1770
caper, Script
Z532, Z674
capere,
Q297
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gabhar, he-goat,
she-goat (Irish)
, is t³kha, he
goat (Georgian)
aja, ajaa; basta, a
goat, chŒga², he goat
anzu, a goat,
gizzu, male goat,
enzu, goat (generic
term), immeru, goats
and sheep, mašgallu,
male goat, ur u,
billy goat, *mašgallû,
pertaining to a goat,
azzatu, she-goat
(Akkadian)
Croatian)
on je kozu, he-goat, kaza
she-goat, (Croatian)
on kozi, he-goat, ona kozi,
she-goat (Polish)
azukas, he-goat;
aze, she-goat
(Baltic-Sudovian)
vi¦š kaza, he-goat, vi¦a
kazas, she-goat (Latvian)
el capr´, he-goat, ea
capra ea capra, she-goat
(Romanian)
hän vuohi, he-goat,
she-goat (Finnish-Uralic)
an gobhar, he-goat,
boc, gabhar, she-goat
(Scott)
gafr, he-goat, hi gafr,
she-goat (Welsh)
lei capralui capra,
he-goat, lei capra,
she-goat, (Italian)
‹› ›œµ, na ayts,
he-goat, she-goat
(Armenian)
ai dhi, he goat, ajo
dhi, she-goat,
(Albanian)
caperi,
Script ZB-4,
Z842,
Z1770;
(See Note
1)
il bouc, he-goat, elle
chévre, she-goat
(French)
ahuntz, goat,
ahuntza zuen, he
goat, she goat
(Basque)
goat-³, Œ¶i* (adj.) [B
a¶iye] she-goat, Œs [B
Œs], n. (Tocharian)
MÁ•.GAL, he-goat
(Hittite)
vid- [-], vaêdâ [vaêd,
vid (k)] to know,
vîdvå [vîdhvangh],
knowing (Avestan)
jŒnŒti, vi-, to know,
ityabodhisa², to
understand, know
cit, cetati, -te,
perceive, observe,
attend to, take care
of, conceive,
understand,
know; budh, bodhati,
wake, awake,
perceive,
understand, regard or
know; vid, vetti,
understand, learn,
perceive, experience,
feel; think or be
mindful of, believe,
suppose, know
dânestan, ·•• ¸ to
know, daryâftan,
·•¹’º»¸ to grasp,
comprehend, to
understand,
fahmidan, ¼½¾¹ to
understand (Persian)
, gageba, to
understand
(Georgian)
pal-, to know
(Hurrian)
le’û, to understand
something, to master,
to overpower
someone, to be lost,
etc., lam du, to
know each other, to
understand, to study,
take note, to become
knowledgeable, to
become aware, to
teach, etc., ak mu,
to understand, to be
recognizable,
prescribe, etc., to
know, murqu,
understanding,
as su,
understanding, ear,
faculty of hearing,
issatu,
understanding,
notification, mention,
intelligence, divine
grace, edû, to know,
idû, to know
something or
somebody, to be
experienced, to
recognize, etc,
ed tu, knowledge,
mudû, knowing
something or
somebody,
knowledgable, etc.,
• ®°¿£ , razumie , to
understand, £À ,
vieda , to know
(Belarusian)
razumiec,
zrasumiec, to
understand;
(Belarus)
razumjeti, to understand,
znati, to know (Croatian)
saprast, to understand,
zinŒt, to know (Latvian)
a întelege, to understand,
s´ Âtii, to know
(Romanian)
ymmärtää, to understand,
tietää, to know (FinnishUralic)
± † ˆ ÃÄ©‰, na
katalaveis, to
understand
katalabaino,
katanoo,
understand, © ±
ÅÆ Ä©‰, gia na
xéreis, to know
(Greek)
Ǜȫ›‹›ª,
haskanal, to
understand,
É€›‹›ª, imanal, to
know (Armenian)
të kuptosh, to
understand, marr
vesh, I understand,
mendoj, I think,
kujtoj, recall, besoj,
I believe, të dish, to
know (Albanian)
capire, to
understand,
scio-ire-ivi--itum, to
know, to have
skill
chun thuig, to
understand, a fhios, to
know (Irish)
a thuigsinn, to
understand, fios a
bhith agad, to know
(Scott)
i ddeall to understand,
i gwybod, to know
(Welsh)
capire, to understand,
sapere, to know
(Italian)
entendre, to hear,
comprendre, to
understand,
à savoir, to know
(French)
kärsŒ- [B kärsŒ-] to
know, understand, let
know, tell, announce,
knŒ- [B knŒ-],
kärs/ ar, sto know
(Tocharian)
to understand
[<OE
understandan], to
know [<OE
cndwan]
2-22
cape, K74
caper, Z532,
Z674
capere,
Q297
caperi,
ZB-4, Z842,
Z1770
kapire,
Script,
N689,
N725,
R286, R554,
R633
kapirus
(KAPIRVS)
Script Q683
isduwa-> to be known,
#parjanaza
(Hieroglyphic), to
know, s kki,
sakk/skk, to know
about, to experience,
to heed, to pay
attention to, to
recognize, to
remember, to be
expert in, (Hittite)
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n mequ, knowledge,
experience, wisdom,
skill, cunning, uznu,
ear, attention,
wisdom,
understanding, part
of a plant, handle
(Akkadian)
x
x
capoi, big head
(Romanian)
x
Capua-ae
x
Capua, chief town
of Campania?
2-23
vîspaitîm [vîspaiti],
head of the clan
(ahm), the master of
a street or borough,
ukhra [-] , strong,
powerful; firm,
steady, jar, mighty,
xshi [-] , to govern,
rule (Avestan)
rahbar, ŽÍλ leader,
captain, commander,
skipper, farmândeh,
Ÿ ’ÏŽ¹ admiral, leader,
chief, commandment,
governor, sar,
Ž‚ head (Persian)
puraetr, who goes
before, leader;
senavaha,
camunatha, camupa,
pati, leader of an
army; sarthapati,
chief
or leader of a
caravan; gramika,
chief of a village;
nipa, chief, master,
cÊËŒ, of the head,
summit,
mahŒtman, principal,
chief, nŒyaka²,
manager, chief, Ì a²,
lord
,
, lideri,
leader,
,
mt³avari, chief,
,
khelmdzghvaneli,
head,
,
met³auri, commander
(Georgian)
¯ÒÀ”•, lider, leader,
„ ¿ -À®Ò•,
kamandzir, commander,
Ó ¯ , halava, head
(Belarusian)
pravadyr,
leader; halava,
head; zahadcyk,
pŒÐi/e, paÑi, pâÑi
commander
head, šarri,
šarr=a=šše, king,
(Belarus)
ever-ni, king, lord
voÔa, leader, glava, head,
(Hurrian)
zapovjednik, commander
(Croatian)
kaqqadu, head,
komandieris, commander,
qaqqadu, head, head
galvu, head, lÌderis, leader
of an organnization,
head tax, person, self, (Latvian)
lider, leader, comandant,
leader, top, top part,
commander, cap, head
beginning (of time
spans), original
(Romanian)
amount, principal, a
komentaja, commander,
stone, adû, geš û,
pää, head, johtaja, leader
igis û, massû,
(Finnish-Uralic)
ussangu, leader,
lik pani, leader,
superior, member of
a class of workmen,
lik-panûtu,
maššûtu?,
leadership, ašaridu,
leader, foremost,
first, lead (animal),
high ranking,
vanguard, ašarid tu,
leadership in battle,
prowess, highest
rank, umm nu, in
rab umm ni, leader
of troops, of a
workforce,
mu’irr tu,
leadership,
command, lik t
mahri, leadership of
the army (Akkadian)
Õ Æ Õ, igétis, leader,
†ÄÖ¨ˆ©‰, kefáli,
head, © ©†Õ ׉,
dioikitís
commander,
archigos, leader,
head, §Õ × §Õ ×
pigi, source (Greek)
›Ø›Ù‹ ÚÛ,
arrajnordy, leader,
ª ™, glukh, head,
Ç ›€›‹›Ü› ,
hramanatar,
commander
(Armenian)
caput-itis
komandant,
commander,
udhëheqës, leader,
drejtues,
dirigjent, conductor,
kokë, kryetar,
head, komandant,
head (Albanian)
lider, leader,
buruzagi, chief,
leader, buru, head,
chief, komandante,
commander
(Basque)
ceannasaí,
commander, ceann,
head, ceannaire,
leader (Irish)
ceann, head,
ceannard, leader,
commander (Scott)
pennaeth, head,
chief, top, apex, end,
extremity; pennaeth,
commander,
blaenor-iaid, leader,
elder, deacon (Welsh)
capo, head, top, end,
cape, chief, boss,
comandante,
commander (Italian)
chef, leader, le
commandant,
commander,
capote, hooded
greatcoat; capot,
cloak bonnet, cover,
tête, head (French)
the head, leader,
[OE Laeden]
source, director,
commander, [OFr.
comander]
2-24
Capui
(CAPVI),
Script Au67
caputis
(CAPVTIS),
Script
Q117;
caputo
(CAPVTV),
Script Q84,
Q162
kŒkmärtik, ruler,
master, kŒkmart [B
kamarto*] master,
sovereign, kälŒ-, lead,
to bring, Œk- Œk-,
lead, drive
(Tocharian)
nana, to lead (Luvian)
GAL, chief, great,
SAG, #harmahi,
#naršam, head, trna,
head, skull, a small
measure, tapariiae,
tbarie/a, to lead, to
decide, to rule, to
reign, tbariali,
commander, lopani,
royal cap, (Hittite)
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tavajoh, ÝÞ ß care,
tavajjoh kardán, ÝÞ ß
¸Ž‘ to protect, watch,
baby care, negahdâri,
parastâri, parvâ,
care (Persian)
, izruno,
, zrunva,
care,
,
dzvirp³aso, dear,
,
dzviradghirebuli,
costly (Georgian)
priya², beloved, ayi
priye, o my beloved,
kŒnta, beautiful,
cintA, thought,
consideration,
reflection, care or
sorrow about;
anyacinta, thought or
care of some one
else; caru, pleasant,
lovely, beautiful,
dear, bahumÊlyatŒ,
costliness
par su, to take care
of a person or
situation, to wean, to
cut off, to
distinguish, etc.,
paq du, to take care
of a house, animals,
to assign persons, to
inspect, to count,
etc., pal u, to care
for, to perform
service, to be terrible,
to respect, etc., idû,
to care for something
or somebody, to be
aware, recognized, to
neglect, etc.,
ma artu, proper
care for fields,
animals, etc., watch,
serve palace, etc.,
as su, care for, to
think of a person, to
listen, etc., nasqu,
costly, choice,
precious, sorted,
preeminent, etc.,
zunnu, care,
takn tu, care,
solicitude (Akkadian)
„¯
Ò
, klapacicca
ab, to care for; –æçÀ,
sychod, care; À pari,
darahi, dear (Belarusian)
ƒapieka, achova, care,
protection;
kaho, to care for; sanowny,
adj.
dear; adsutny, adj.
absent (Belarus)
brinuti za, to care for,
briga, care, draga, dear,
skup, costly (Croatian)
dba o, to care for, opieka,
care, drogi, dear,
kosztowny, costly (Polish)
rÊp—ties par, to care for,
aprÊpe, care, dŒrgs, costly
(Latvian)
a tine la ceva, to care for,
îngrijire, care, drag´, dear,
iubit, beloved, costisitor,
costly (Romanian)
pitää huolta, to care for,
hoito, care, rakas, dear,
rakastettu, beloved, kallis,
costly (Finnish-Uralic)
± Ö ± ˜èÄ©, na
frontízei, to care
for, frontida,
frontizo, care,
§ ±Õ ì‰,
dapanirós, costly,
agapitos, akribos,
dear (Greek)
Ç Ü›‹ ª
Ç›€› ,
hog tanelu hamar,
to take care for,
Ç , hog, care;
ÈÉ ªÉ, sireli, dear,
« › ð , t³ank
arzhe, costly
(Armenian) të
kujdesesh për, to
care for, kujdesesh,
take care; kujdes,
interesohem, care; i
dashur, dear,
dëshiroj, I wish, i
kushtueshëm, costly
që mungon, i
hutuar, absent
(Albanian)
arreta, care
(Basque)
cAru, pleasant,
lovely, beautiful,
dear, rak¶ati, to
cherish, priya²,
beloved, lŒlayati, to
cherish,
kanûtu, beloved, an
epithet of goddesses,
honored, worshipped,
kunnû, adj., beloved,
smoothed, honored
(said of deities),
iši tu, beloved
object, desirable,
useful, needed,
mud du, tar mu,
beloved one,
namaddu,
nar mtu, beloved
one, nar mu,
beloved one, favorite,
he who loves, free
will, goodwill, etc.,
ašduk, adj.,
beloved or the like,
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curo-are, to care
for, cure, rest;
carus-a-um,
high-priced,
dear, costly;
transf. dear,
beloved;
careo-ere-ui, to
be without, be
absent from
chun aire a thabhairt,
to care for, daor, dear,
costasach, costly
(Irish)
gus cùram a ghabhail,
cùram, care, brònach,
dear, costasach, costly
(Scott)
annwyl, dear, beloved,
i ofalu amdano, to care
for, arail, to guard,
care for, foster,
cultivate, cur-iau,
throb, ache, pain, beat,
care, trouble; absennu,
to absent oneself, yn
gostus, costly (Welsh)
prendersi cura di, caro,
dear, costoso, costly,
assenza, absence
(Italian)
s'occuper de, to care
for, cher, dear, costly
absence, absence
(French)
to care for; [<OE
cearu]
to be absent [<Lat.
abense (abesse) to
be away] from,
dear, [OE d—ore]
cherished, costly
2-25
car, Script
Z582;
caro, caru
(CARV),
Script K13
care, Script
PL-21
(See also
Kare below)
Œneñci, carefully,
distinctly, B lare/A
lyŒr, dear (Tocharian)
ppa tiya-, look after,
asnu, to take care of,
snu, to take care of,
be done with, to
deliver, assianu, to
care, make beloved,
wassa-, to be dear
(Hittite)
ma'šuq, ô õöÏ
beloved, sweetheart,
gerâmi dâstan, ÷Ï Žø
·•ú ¸ to cherish
(Persian)
,
saqvareli, beloved,
,
vapasebt, to cherish
(Georgian)
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–æçÀ, sychod, care,
¯üƒÒ , liubi , loving,
£ Ò , piesci , to
cherish (Belarusian)
dragi, beloved, njegovati,
cherish (Croatian)
sanowny, adj.
dear (Belarus)
cieszy siþ, to cherish
(Polish)
lolot, cherish, mÌÿais,
beloved, (Latvian)
nutri, cherish, iubit,
beloved (Romanian)
§Õ ì‰ agapitos,
beloved,
© Õ , diatiró,
cherish, akribos,
agapimenos, dear
(Greek)
!›™ €$Û,
yergch³akhumby,
cherish, ÈÉ ªÉ,
sireli, beloved
(Armenian)
i dashurr, beloved,
dear; dua fort,
ushqej, mbaj gjallë,
to cherish
(Albanian)
maitearen, beloved,
maitea, dear
(Basque)
a chaomhn%, to
cherish, grámhar,
beloved (Irish)
a dh 'ionnsuidh, to
cherish, gu cùram, to
care, caraid friend,
carantas, kindness,
friendliness (Scott)
(Scott)
i fwynhau, to cherish,
annwyl, adj., dear,
carus-a-um, adj. beloved, darling;
high priced, dear cariadus, loving,
Transf. dear,
beloved, dear, cu,
beloved;
adj.dear, fond, kind,
caritas-atis,
beloved, favorite
dearness,
drud-ion, dear,
foveo-ere, fovi, precious, costly,
fotum, to warm, reckless; prid, adj.
keep warm, to
dear, costly precious;
fondle, keep, to (Welsh)
cherish, love
amate, amati, beloved,
amare, to cherish, love
(Italian)
beloved, dear,
high-priced,
to cherish
2-26
kare, Script
Q406;
karen,
Script R219
karo (karv),
Script
N294;
kareto
(karetv),
Script N341
bien-aimée, bien-aimé,
beloved, chéri, adj.
dearest, darling;
chérir, to cherish, love
dearly (French)
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tapp tu, beloved,
rival, second-ranking
wife, corresponding
object, etc.
(Akkadian)
arÌram, body of an
animal, hariira,
shariiaram shava
(cadaver)
mŒ+sam, flesh,
kŒya-, arÌra-, body,
mŒ@sŒhŒra@,
flesh-meat,
, asti astasca [asti,
asta] kehrp [-], flesh,
body; tanu [-], body,
person (Avestan)
tan, ·ß badan, J
body, flesh, corpse,
gust, ¡ú ø flesh,
meat, brawn, etc.,
mâhi¥e , ÝX¼Î’Ï flesh,
muscle nasâ,
lâsh, lâshe, ÝúY
corpse
(Persian)
£¯ , ciela, body, ¯ç ,
, skheuli, body,
plo , flesh (Belarusian)
, khorts³i,
telo, tijelo,
flesh, meat
trup meso (flesh
(Georgian)
(Serbo-Croatian)
meso, flesh, tijelo, body
'uzi, meat (Hurrian)
(Croatian)
miasa, flesh (Belarus)
min tu, body, limbs,
miþso, meat, cia^o, flesh
length, etc., l nu,
(Polish)
body, figure,
karveina, beef; karmenis
appearance, self,
body, corpse; navis,
kabattu , inside of
mensa, flesh, meat
the body, liver?,
(Baltic-Sudovian)
emotions, thoughts,
`ermenis, body, mÌkstums,
etc., napištu, body,
flesh, gaÿu, meat (Latvian)
self, herd animals,
carne, carnea, flesh, body,
good healthy, vigor,
meat, carnal, carnal
life, etc., niksu,
cut-off flesh, section, (Romanian)
ruumis, body, liha, flesh,
cut of meat, cutting
meat (Finnish-Uralic)
off the head, slash,
etc., absurukku,
armil, ilidamu,
uldimmu,
urubbu, m šu?,
pitkullu, a cut of
meat, ÑašÑÊru, cut of
meat, apple tree,
apple, m šertu, meat
portion provided at
\amaš festival, l nu,
person, body, size,
shape, figure,
configuration,
stature, etc.
(Akkadian)
vâsha [-], carriage,
vehicle, wagon,
chariot (Avestan)
rabh, ÝJ » chariot,
carriage, cart, wagon,
rabh ran, » ÝJ »
charioteer,
wagon, gâri, •»’ø
cart (Persian)
,
universali, wagon,
, kalat³a, cart
(Georgian)
pravaha|am, cart,
carriage, aka~a²,
cart, ratha², chariot,
rathin, sŒrathi²,
sÊta², charioteer,
chariot
kharayAna, a
donkey-cart;
zakaTikA, a small
cart; anas, cart, heavy maria=nni-,
charioteer (Hurrian)
wagon,
a va², horse
markabtu, nubalu,
chariot, maš ru,
ulukannu, a kind
of chariot, patt tu,
open chariot,
mariannu, chariot
driver, mugirru,
…¨ † , sárka, flesh;
kormos, body,
† Æ ‰, meat, flesh
(Greek)
€› €É‹Û,
marminy, flesh,
body, €ÉÈ, mis,
meat (Armenian)
karkasë, masë,
body; mish, meat,
mërshë, flesh
(Albanian)
caro, carnis,
flesh, meat
corporis, body
gorputz, body,
frame, gorpu,
corpse, haragi,
flesh, haragia, meat,
okela, meat, beef
(Basque)
†¨ , káro, wagon,
†
…¨†©,
karotsáki, cart,
Óç-, vahon, wagon,
¨ • , árma, chariot,
„ ¯¬ –, kaliosy,
fortigo amaxi,
„ ¯ -Ò , kalia nica,
bagoni, wagon
chariot (Belarusian)
vagon, wagon, kolica, cart, (Greek)
,
bojna kola, chariot
zambyugh, cart,
(Croatian)
, vagon,
fura, furgon,
wagon,
wagon, wagon
,
(Polish)
plaustra, wagon, cart, cart, martakarrk’, chariot
(Armenian)
sinum currus, chariot
karro, trolly, qerre,
(Latvian)
cart, kamion,
vagon, wagon, cart, cart,
kamioncinë, wagon,
car de r´zboi, chariot
vagon, boxcar,
(Romanian)
mallrash, veturë,
kocsi, cart (Hungarian)
vaunut, wagon, kärry, cart, tryezë me rrota,
wagon; koçi,
sotavaunut, chariot
chariot (Albanian)
(Finnish-Uralic)
bagoi, wagon,
comhlacht, body,
flesh, flesh (Irish)
boghain, cairbh,
carcase, dead body,
corpse, feòil , flesh
(Scott)
corff , body, principal,
celain, dead body,
corpse; corpws, body
cnawd, flesh (Welsh)
carne, flesh, meat
(Italian)
chair, flesh,
viande, meat (French)
mísa, meat,
flesh; kektseñe,
kap añi, body
(Tocharian)
the body, [OE
bodig] flesh [OE
flaesc], meat [OE
mete, food]
2-27
prku(i), hastai, meat,
body part, pure cut of
meat (Hittite)
carrus-i; wagon;
currus-us,
chariot, racing
car, auriga-ae,
charioteer,
driver, groom,
constellation
wagon, wagon, cart,
cart, chariot, chariot
(Irish),
carbad, chariot,
wagon, cart, cart
(Scott)
ben-ni, wain, wagon,
cart; gwagen-ni
wagon, men-ni wain,
wagon, cart;
cerbyd-au, chariot,
coach, car; cert-i cart;
troli, cart (Welsh)
carro, cart, truck,
chariot (Italian)
char, chariot,
wagon; other words:
camion voiture, coche
coach (French)
four-wheeled
baggage wagon
[<MDU. wagen];
coach [<Hung.
kocsi], cart
carna, Script
Z1216;
carnal,
Script
Z1243;
carnis,
Script
Z1177;
karne,
Script R219,
R238;
karnos,
karnus
(KARNVS),
Script
Q701,
R511;
mers, Script
N194,
merso
(MERSV),
Script
Q326, Q468
mersos
(MERSVS),
Script Q294
masan,
Script Au85
MASaN
Script
Z1164
maso
(MASV)
Script K74,
K92
carra, Script
Z1641
2-28
kukä, [B kokale]
chariot, wagon, ant,
charioteer, leader
(Tocharian)
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royal or ceremonial
chariot, marturrû,
small chariot,
narkabtu, chariot,
the constellation
Auriga, narkabtu,
in b l narkabti,
charioteer, who
provides or fights
with chariot, ass ru,
charioteer?, eriqqu,
wagon, cart, carload,
the constellation Ursa
Major, attartu,
wagon with solid
wheels, umbu,
wagon wheel, wagon
dray, tallaktu, wagon
or cart, procedure,
behavior, way, road,
path, passage, etc.,
uttartu, cart, wagon
(Akkadian)
x
x
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ansu.kur.ra, chariot*
hlukani, carriage,
coach (Hittite)
gurdi, wagon,
carriage (Basque)
x
Charon (Greek)
Charon-ontis
x
Charun, the
ferryman at the
river Styx
2-29
zire zamin,
sardâb, cellar;
hoire, zendân,
prison, selul zendân,
prison cell
(Persian)
,
sardap’shi, cellar,
, sakanshi,
cell,
,
ts’ikheshi, cell
(Georgian)
gupti , cellar, prison
cell, gartah, cell;
madhunADI, honey
cell; maTHikA,
hut, cottage, cell;
kArA, prison
adhivaasa, avasthitih,
home, niv•sah,
domicile, vástu,
dwelling; zAlA, hut,
house; maTHikA,
hut, cottage, cell;
dama, house, home;
yUka, house; •laya,
dwelling, house;
geha, house, mansion
kišeršu, prison,
ma artu, in b t
ma arti, prison,
ušaur tu, prison,
imprisonment, k lu,
in b t k li, prison,
place of detainment,
kalû, prisoner,
captive, k lu, in ša
k li, prisoner, jailed
man, k lu, in rab b t
k li, prison chief,
k lu, in ša b t k li,
prison official,
ibittu,
imprisonement, hold,
grasp, pond,
reservoir, stolen
property found in the
theif’s possession,
correct behavior,
ibittu, in b t ibitti,
prison Akkadian)
maêthananãmca
[maêthana],
station, dwelling,
abode; nmâna [-],
house home,
mansion; dâman,
creation, dwelling
place; demânê
[demâna], house
(Avestan)
xâne, — ˜– abode,
home, house,
domicile, kušk, ™› œ
, padval, cellar,
, klietka, cell,
, turma, prison
(Belarusian)
sklep, cellar
(Belarus)
podrum, cellar, elija, cell,
zatvor, prison (Croatian)
piwnica, cellar, komórka,
cell, wi zienie, prison,
(Polish)
pagrabs, cellar, š na, cell,
cietums, prison (Latvian)
pivni , cellar, celul , cell,
închisoare, prison
(Romanian
kellari, cellar, solu, cell,
vankila, prison (FinnisUralic)
• , dom, house, • ,
doma, home, • žŸž ž ,
domicilij, domicile,
¡ Ÿ¢£ , chacina, hut
(Belarusian)
chatka, dom, house
(Belarus)
ku'ca, stan,
dwelling; koliba,
hut; dom, house
(Serbo-Croatian)
ku a, house, dom, home,
ۥkeli,
Apothíki,
store-room, €‚ƒ„…†,
kelári, cellar,
kyttaro, stoicheio,
cell, ‡ˆƒ‰€ , fylakí,
prison (Greek)
Š‹Œ•Ž, nkugh,
cellar, ••‘•, bjij,
cell, •“Š”, bant,
prison (Armenian)
burg, prison,
bodrum, cellar,
qelizë, cell, hojëz,
qeli burgu, prison
cell; celulë [polit.],
qeli, cell (Albanian)
€‰ƒ¤¥‰, kalyba, hut
€‰¦ †€§‰, katoikía,
domicle, ¨ §¦†,
Spíti, home, house
(Greek)
”Œ•Š, tun, (dun,
dan) home, ”Œ•Š©,
tuni, house,
•Š“‹“ª“«¬,
bnakavayr, domicile
(Armenian)
kolibe, kennel, bun,
barakë, hut, shtëpi,
cill, cell, príosún,
prison (Irish)
carcer-eris;
prison
cella-ae, room,
store-room,
chamber
casa-ae;
domiciliu-i,
place of
residence,
dwelling
seilear, cellar, prìosan,
prison (Scott)
seler, cellar, cafell-af,
cell, sanctuary, oracle;
cell-oedd-au, cell,
chamber, closet
(Welsh)
cellula, cell; cella,
cell, cellar, prigione,
prison (Italian)
cellule, cell, prison,
prison (French)
teach, house, teaghais,
dwelling, sainchónaí,
domicile, baile, home
(Irish)
fàrdach, home,
dwelling; àros, house,
mansion; teach; tigh,
house; tuineach,
dachaigh, home
(Scott)
t-, house, annedd,
dwelling, residence,
cartref, domicile, cwt,
prison [<L.
prehensio,
capture],
incarceration,
cell; [<Lat.
cella-ae, room,
store-room, cellar,
chamber] plural
carceres, the
starting point of a
race course
Charun
(karvn),
tomb
inscription
of
Charon - 2
scenes
carsi, Script
Z1319
2-30
hut [<Fr. hutte, of
Gmc. orig.], house
[<OE hüs],
domicile
[<L.domicilium-i];
barracks
[<Catalan,
barraca] abode
2-31
casa, Script
Q433,
Q475;
CaSA,
Script M-1,
M45
CaSa, Script
Z133, Z224,
Z421, Z990,
Z1835, J33,
AN37
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hut, caban-au, cabin,
booth, hut, crib, kiosk,
cartref, home (Welsh)
ti, house (Breton)
casa, house, building
(Italian)
case, hut, small
house; habitation,
dwelling, cabane, hut,
shed, cabin, maison,
home (French)
mansion, palace,
castle (Persian)
, sakhli, house,
, sakhlshi,
home,
prebivalište, domicile,
,
koliba, hut (Croatian)
sats’khovrebeli adgili,
domicile,
,
dom, house, home, chata,
k’okhi, hut
hut, mieszkanie, dwelling
(Georgian)
(Polish)
grintan, house,
kungu, house, a
building; namai,
word for house,
dwelling (Baltic
d ru, house
Sudovian)
enclosure,
fortification wall,
m•ja, house, m•jas, home,
city wall, inner city
dz®vesvieta, domicile,
wall, fortress, parts
b da, hut (Latvian)
of the human body,
cas , house, acas , home,
appannu, durinnu,
colib , hut (Romanian)
part of a house,
talo, house, Koti, home,
ku u, in b t ku i,
winter house, lu, in kotipaikka, domicile, kota,
hut (Finnish-Uralic)
b t li, house in the
city, arpani, a type
of house, m šabu,
domicile, dwelling,
seat, libburšu,
m ašbtu, part of a
house, ma allu,
shepherd's reed hut
or shelter (Akkadian)
abhibh•¯ate (bh•¯),
to plead, defend,
uttara° d•payati,
(d•>) to defend,
argue, k•ra±a°,
cause: that which
produces effect
diz, dideSTi, dizati,
-te {dedizyate},
produce a witness,
grant, bestow, show,
prove yourself;
nimittatva, the being
a cause, causality;
AdimUla, the first
cause; kisalay, -yati,
to cause to sprout or
germinate
nAth, nAthate, to
seek aid, beg, ask,
y•cate, to ask
praznay, yati, to
inquire after;
prach, pRcchati (-te),
to ask, question,
inquire, abhiy•c, to
request, ask for,
lâbe kardan, ³´œ —µ²
beseech, implore,
plead, entreat,
petition,
darxâst kardan,
³´œ ¶ –·³ to
plead, bahaâne
kardan, · ¸¹º» to
plead, sabab,
¼½ cause, (Persian)
,
rogorts’ mizezi, to
give as a reason,
, aghiareb,
plead,
,
pretenzia, pretend,
,
gamoitsvios, cause
(Georgian)
anû, to plead,
dab bu, to plead,
negotiate, litigate,
recite, to spare, to
come to an
agreement, perform a
kind act, etc., idu,
reason, excuse,
objection, pakku,
reason, wits, sense
(Akkadian)
jostoju kardan, ÙÚÛÜ
³´œ to research,
seek, fish, rasidegi
kardan, ³´œ ÝÞ º · to
inquire, investigate,
porsidan, º ´ß to
ask, inquire,
interrogate to inquire
(Persian)
, edzeben, to
seek for,
,
Ÿ¾ ¿ ÀŸ¢
ÁÂÁ£Áprycyna, da u
jakasci pryÃyny, to give as
a reason,
¢Ÿ¾, mali ,
plead, Á ¢ ŸŸ ,
prykidvacca, pretend,
ÁÂÁ£ , pryÃyna, cause
(Belarusian)
dati kao razlog, to give as
a reason, zastupati, plead,
pretvarati se, pretend,
uzrok, cause (Croatian)
reason; razvazlivy,
adj. reasonable;
rozum , reason,
intellect, mind
(Belarus)
poda jako powód, to give
as a reason,
udawa , to pretend,
bøaga , to plead,
przyczynaprzyczyna
przyczyna, cuse, (Polish)
pentru a da ca un motiv, to
give as a reason, invoca,
plead, pretinde, cauza,
cause (Romanian)
antaa syyksi, to give as a
reason, anoa, plead,
teeskennellä, plead, syy,
cause (Finnish-Uralic)
pir, #pam, É, house,
prnneze/i, house,
household, parnawa,
to serve a house
(Hittite)
ĉ ÅÆÇ‚† ÈÊ
ƒËÌ apolo, na dósei
os lógo, to give as a
reason, ÇˆÄ•Ì …Æ,
synigoró, goumai,
dikaiologoumai,
plead,
… Ç † ¤Í‰†,
prospoioúmai,
ischyrizomai,
pretend, ‰†¦§‰, aitía,
cause (Greek)
Œ¬ÎÏРΓ”Ñ“Ò,
vorpes patcharr, to
give as a reason,
ÓŠÔ¬ÏÕ, khndrek’,
plead, ÖÏ•“׊ÏØ,
dzevats’nel, plead,
Γ”Ñ“Ò©,
patcharry, cause
(Armenian)
mbroj [drejt],
lutem, lyp; plead;
shtirem, hiqem,
pretendoj, provoj,
pretend, arësye,
shkak, arsye,
kauzë, padi [drejt.],
cause (Albanian)
ĉ
‰Ä‰ç•¦ Ç ˆÄzito,
na anazitísoun, to
seek for, ĉ ĉ
畦 Ç‚†, na zitísei,
to ask for, …ȦÆ,
rotó, inquire
anazito, seek;
sukac, to look for,
zito, ‚…ȦÆ, eroto,
seek; daviedvacca,
to question, ask,
inquire, pytacca, to ask;
raicca, consult, ask, traæiti, inquire, ‰…‰€‰ƒÆ,
å Ÿ¾, šuka , to seek
for,
À¢Ÿ¾, prasi , to ask
for, Á ŸŸ , pytacca,
inquire, å Ÿ¾, šuka , to
seek for (Belarusian)
was.t-, ost, o¯ke, [B
oskiye] house,
kurek•r, [B kwrak•r],
house or pavilion
with a vaulted roof
(Tocharian)
bira, house (Lydian)
parna, house (Luwian)
prñna, house,
prñnawa, mauseleum,
grave house
(Lycian)
p r, parn->, per/prn,
house, banesë,
dwelling, house,
residence,
dhomë, room,
chamber, apartment,
house, kala, castle
(Albanian)
causor-ari, to
give as a reason,
plead, pretend
causa-ae, a
cause
praetendo
-tendere
-tendi -tentum,
to pretend
a thabhairt mar chúis, to
give as a reason,
Abhcóide, to advocate, a
chur faoi deara, to
cause, cúis, cause (Irish)
dadlau, to argue,
debate, dispute, plead,
advocate; achosi, to
cause; achos-ion cause,
affair, behalf; pledio, to
plead, argue (Welsh)
dare come ragione, to
give as a reason,
pretendere, asserire,
pretend; addurre,
difendere, perorare,
plead, causa, cause
(Italian)
donner comme raison, to
give as a reason, plaider,
alléguer, plead pétendre,
prétexte, pretend, cause,
cause (French)
to give as a
reason, pretend
plead [<OFr.
plaider]
cause [<L. causa,
reason]
case, Script
R22, R114,
casi, Script
M13
2-32
etu, cause (Tocharian)
rkuae, to plead, pray,
wewakk->, uewakk,
to demand, w k-,
wekk->, wewak, to
demand, ask (Hittite)
a lorg, to seek for, a
iarraidh, to ask for,
fiosraigh, inquire
quaeso-ere, to
(Irish)
seek for, ask for,
a dh 'iarraidh, to seek
inquire, quaeso,
for, ask for,
I beg
faighneachd, inquire
(Scott)
ceisio, to ask, seek,
try, fetch, procure; i
geisio amdano, to seek
to seek [<OE
secan] for, ask
[<OE ascian]
for, inquire, [<
Lat. inquirere],
request
2-33
kase, Script
N74;
see raca,
racar,
translated as
"to
speak"
CEISIN,
BT-2
CEISiM,
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http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.html
for, i ofyn am, to ask
for, holwch, inquire
erchi (arch-, eirch), to
ask, pray, command,
enjoin; gofyn, to ask,
request, inquire,
demand, require; holi,
to examine, inquire,
ask, question, query
(Welsh)
cercare (chercare), to
seek for, chiedere, to
ask for, chiedere
informazioni, inquire,
domandare, inquire;
invitare, to ask,
inquire after;
(Italian)
chercher, to seek for;
demander, to ask for,
inviter, soliciter, poser,
to ask; s'enquérir,
demander, to inquire,
renseigner, inquire
(French)
parakalo, to beg,
pray, ask (Greek)
it’khoven, to ask for,
Œ¬ŒŠÏØŒ• ï“ð“¬,
voronelu hamar, to
,
seek for, ׊ÏØ,
dausvams, inquire,
harts’nel, to ask for,
, edzeben, to
szuka , to seek, zapyta ,
׬ÏÕ, harts’rek,
seek for (Georgian)
to ask, dowiadywa si ,
inquire, Œ¬ŒŠÏØŒ•
inquire (Polish)
šar-, to wish, demand, meklèt, to seek for, l gt, to ï“ð“¬, voronelu
hamar, to seek for
-ašk, to ask (Hurrian) ask for, noskaidrot,
inquire, meklèt, to seek for (Armenian)
lus, pyes, to ask,
eriš tu, request,
(Latvian)
question, inquire,
er šu, to request,
s caute, to seek for,
desire, to be desired, pentru a cere, to ask for,
kërkoj, to ask,
crave, to ask, to be
request, seek, për të
întreba, inquire, s caute,
required, qabû, to
kërkuar, to seek for
to
seek
for,
(Romanian)
ask, object, recite,
(Albanian)
pronounce, to recite, etsiä, to seek for, pyytää,
to ask for, tiedustella,
to speak, take an
oath, etc.(Akkadian) inquire, etsiä, to seek for
(Finnish-Uralic)
to seek for (Belarus)
traæiti, to seek for, pitati
za, to ask for, raspitati se,
inquire (Croatian)
solicit, anve¯a±a°
karoti, to search
pradeza, direction,
destination; place,
spot, region;
appealing, to a
precedent; instance,
example, niveòa ,
situation
shoql, ôõ› situation,
business, employ,
avocation, lahze,
—ö÷ù instance,
moment, case, blink
of an eye (Persian)
, sak’me, case,
, situats’ia
(Georgian)
d nu, case, lawsuit,
claim, court
judgment, decision,
law, law article,
verdict, etc.
(Akkadian)
durgam.h; pur, nom.
{pU3r}, stronghold,
castle, fortified
town; the body,
khattah, tower
vypadak, incident, case,
crash (Belarus)
Á
, vypadak, case,
À¢ ŸÁ¿, situacyja
(Belarusian)
sluÃa, case, jsituacija,
situation (Croatian)
sprawa, case matter, thing,
business matter, sytuacja,
situation (polish)
gad®jums, case, situ•cija,
situation (Latvian)
caz, case, instance
(Romanian)
tapaus, case, tilanne,
situation (Finnish-Uralic)
+• , fort, fort, 6
zamak, castle, @ ,
vieæa, tower (Belarusian)
grad, turdjava
kula, zamak, castle
(Serbo-Croatian)
toranj, tower, tvrXava, fort,
dvorac, castle (Croatian)
zamek, castle
(Polish)
pilis, castle,
hillfort (Baltic
kum=di, tower, *ard, Sudovian)
fort, fort, pils, castle,
town, amahhu, city
tornis, tower (Latvian)
wall (Hurrian)
turn, tower, fort, fort,
dunnu, fort, fortified castel, castle cetate,
house and area,
cetate, citadel (Romanian)
severity, strength
linna, castle, linnake, fort,
(physical), power,
dez, !³ fort, acropolis,
tower, citadel, qal'e,
burg, castle, citadel
borj, $´µ tower, castle,
sangar, ´%&
blockhouse, fort,
stronghold, citadel
(Persian)
, ts’ikhe, fort,
castle,
, koshki,
tower (Georgian)
#mald, #arija,
punuss, to ask, w k-,
wekk->, wewak,
wewakk->, uewakk, to
demand, ask, apan, to
seek, look for,
investigate, attempt,
sa(n)h, sa(n)h, to
look after, to clean,
sweep clean (Hittite)
ˆ Ë ‚Ç•, ypóthesi,
ypodeixi,
paradeigma,
instance (Greek)
ýŒ¬þ©, gortsy, case,
‘¬“ª‘Ñ“‹©,
iravichaky, situation
casus-us
(Armenian)
ngjarje, ndodhi,
rast, përfundim,
event; cështje, rast,
antë, kuti, rrethanë,
arkë, situatë,
realitet, karkasë,
kasë, rasë [gram],
case (Albanian)
‡… ¤…† , froúrio,
fort, pyrgos, tower
(Greek)
•Ï¬Ô,
berd, fort,
“Y”“¬“‹,
ashtarak, tower
(Armenian)
kala,castle, fortesë,
fort, kullë, tower
(Albanian)
CJ-4
castelum-i, a
castle, fortress,
fort, shelter,
refuge;
fortis-e,
physically
strong,
powerful,
robust; morally
brave,
courageous;
pilus-i, a
division
of the triari in
the Roman
army; pilum-i,
the heavy spear
of the Roman
army; turrim,
tower,
cás, case, instance
(Irish)
chÿis, case (Scott)
achos, case, enghraifft,
example, instance,
exemplar (Welsh)
caso, case, chance,
event, instance
(Italian)
cas, case, instance
(French)
dún, fort, caisleán,
castle, túr, tower (Irish)
dÿn, fort, heap, mound,
mount, fortress; tÿr,
tower, caisteal pl.
caistealan; daingneach;
gearasdan,
garrison, fort (Scott)
caer -au, ceyrdd, wall,
rampart, castle, fort,
fortress, fastness,
city; castell, castle, fort,
fortress (Welsh)
kêr, town, bourk, small
market town (Breton)
castello, castle;
forte, fort, Torre, tower
(Italian)
château, castle; fort,
fortress, la tour, tower
(French)
a falling, what
befalls, an event,
case, situation,
[<Lat. situare]
reality [<LLat.
realis]
casus
(CASVS)
Script Q821
2-34
fort [<L. fortis,
strong], tower,
[<Gk. tursis] fort,
castle [<L.
castellum], burg
[<OE]
2-35
kastro
(KASTRV),
Script R13,
R94, R128,
R142, R15\,
Z44\, Z489,
Z1088,
Z1393
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force, violence,
foundation, dekpth,
firm ground,
bedrock, lump,
dannatu, fortress,
fortified place,
ground, terrain,
famine, hard times,
cold weather, etc.,
*u urtu,
fortification, il u,
a type of
fortification, dannu,
fortified, binding,
fierce, difficult,
dangerous, mighty,
great, etc., eja,
fortified building or
watchtower, k du,
fortified outpost, fee torni, tower, (Finnishpayable by owners of Uralic)
date groves for guard
service, al u,
fortress, fortification,
district, n maru,
tower, dimtu, siege
tower, fortified area,
as tu, tower on city
wall, ziqqurratu,
temple tower,
mountain peak,
kir u, fortified area
within a city,
enclosure wall of a
sanctuary,
circumvallation,
citadel (Akkadian)
¡¢ ÀŸ¾, chitras ,
cunning, 6 £Á,
bâ-huš, ^ `˜µ clever,
razumny, clever, •À Á,
intelligent, zerang
vostry, sharp, 6' ¢ Á,
| · adroit, astute,
zjedlivy, acrid
bright, shrewd,
(Belarusian)
tyz~hvsh, ^ `¹º•
vostry, adj. sharp
sharp, bright, quick(Belarus)
witted, tond, &• acrid,
lukav, cunning, pametan,
ascerbic, acid
clever, oštar, sharp, acrid
(Persian)
(Croatian)
, chkviani,
tigita, adj. sharp,
clever,
, basri,
sprytny, clever, przebiegøy,
pointed; caGga
,
cunning, ostry, sharp,
adj., acquainted with, sharp,
ak’ridi,
acrid
gryz cy, acrid (Polish)
clever at; checka, adj.
(Georgian)
gudrs, clever, vilt gs,
clever, shrewd;
dakSas, adj. able,
strong, clever.
k pidu, cunning, one
who acts with
cunning, nikiltu,
cunning, deception,
clever or ingenious
idea, ingenuity,
skillful work, trick,
n mequ, cunning,
experience,
knowledge, wisdom,
skill, (Akkadian)
cunning, asu, sharp
(Latvian)
intelligent, clever, viclean,
cunning, ascu it, sharp,
caut, I search, cat, I
search- old Romanian,
acru, acrid (Romanian)
taitava, clever, ovela,
cunning, terävä, sharp,
pisteliäs, acrid (FinnishUralic)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Ta†le1A.html
faTa, defense, (Lydian)
KerTTi, a city,
(Lycian)
kuccat•k [B kucat•k],
fort (Tocharian)
p runu-> hill fort,
kurta, town, kurtali,
city dweller,
castra-orum,
hapiria/hapira,
hapiriant, town,
camp, days'
march, army life place of trade,
sahesr/sahesn,
fortification,
sahesnae, to fortify,
stronghold, #lami , to
fortify, strengthen
(Hittite)
x
V, é ypnos,
clever,
V,
, poniriá,
cunning,
V,
aichmirós, sharp,
V, drimýs,
acrid, sharp,
pungent, k b V
a rivós,
a rivóssharp
(Gree )
, helats’i,
clever,
ۥ,
horaman ,
cunning, ‚ ƒ , sur,
sharp, „ …,
ts’rvats, acrid
(Armenian)
i zgjuar, clever,
dina , cunning, i
mprehtë, sharp,
djegës, acrid,
acartë, crisp
(Al†anian)
Cato-onis,
cognomen;
Cato;
catus-a-um,
sharp, cunning;
adv. cate
acri, sharp
cliste, clever, géar,
sharp (Irish)
glic, clever, wise,
geur, sharp (Scott)
awchlym, adj. sharp,
een, acute, poignant;
awchus, adj. sharp,
een, ardent, eager,
greedy; yn glyfar,
clever, egr, adj. sharp,
sour, severe, savage,
chee y, impertinent
(Welsh)
intelligente, clever,
a†ile, cunning, acuto,
acute, aguzzo, ponted,
affilato, tagliente,
sharp, acre, acrid
(Italian)
intelligente, astucieu ,
clever, rusé,
ingénieu , cunning,
aigu, adj. sharp; acéré,
violent [struggle],
tondeuse, mower
(French)
htant, clever,
intelligent, wise,
alpus, sharp, as a
nife, lpues, sharp, to
†e acute, alpue, to
†ecome sharp
(Hittite)
name of a gens,
Cato; sharp,
cunning, [<OE
cunnan, to now]
chee y
[<OE cece],
impudence,
impertinent
2-36
cate, Script
Z1586,
N216
cates, Script
AN-20
AN-37;
cato
(CAT‡),
Script N41,
N160,
N280,
N417,
N483,
N553,
N624;
catos
(CAT‡S),
Script
N206, N254
|
Kate, Script
R238, R653
ati, Script
N311,|
N378
ato
(KAT‡),
Script
Q334,
Q512,
R437, R521,
R565,
R584;
KaTO
(KaT‡),
R487
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u u raˆ‰vaŠ, - aŠ,
u ura--ˆiˆuŠ,
puppy,
u ura, dog
sag, ‹Œ dog, tulh sag,
‹Œ Ž••• puppy, †a‘‘e,
Ž“” †a†e, chic ,
puppy, youngling
•–—–˜™š ›œ•ž—–,
(Persian)
maladoje Ÿyviola, young
animal, ¡–¢£¤,
,
¥‘aniu , puppy, ¦–§–¤–,
a halgazrda
sa†a a, dog (Belarusian)
mlada Ÿivotinja, young
ts’ hoveli, young
animal, ¥tene, puppy, pas,
animal,
,
le vi, puppy,
, dog (Croatian)
jaunais dz vnie s, young
dzaghli, dog
animal, uc¨ns, puppy,
(Georgian)
suns, dog (Latvian)
kalb niš, li e a dog, animalul tân©r, young
m r nu, young dog, animal, c© eluª, puppy,
puppy, cu† of a wild câine, dog (Romanian)
animal, kalbu, in ša
kalb , hunting dogs
eeper
k « b , outávi,
puppy, ¬
- ,
nearó zóo, young
animal, ®k ¯ V,
s ýlos, dog (Gree )
° ‚ ±
• €± € € ,
yeritasard
endaniner, young
animal, • °,
la ot, puppy, ² ƒ€,
shun, dog
(Armenian)
afshë të re, young
animal, one,
puppy, qen, dog
(Al†anian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Ta†le1A.html
catulus-i and
catella-ae, a
young animal,
esp. a whelp, a
puppy;
catillus-i, a
small dish or
plate
canis, dog
ainmhí óg, young
animal, madra, dog
(Irish)
cuilean, puppy,
†eathach òg, young
animal, cù, dog (Scott)
anifail ifanc, young
animal, ci †ach,
puppy, ci, dog (Welsh)
giovane animale,
young animal,
cucciolo, puppy, cane,
dog (Italian)
jeune animal, young
animal, chiot, puppy,
chien, dog (French)
family name,
Catele?
puppy, dog, [<OE
docga], young
animal
2-37
KATeLE,
Script R339,
KATeLES,
Script
R413, R474
KATeLO
(KATeL‡),
Script R370,
R394, R499
u, r‰ e [B u]
(Tocharian)
swan(i), dog (Luvian)
(A adian)
kuwas, dog?,
#suwana, dog
(Hittite)
zanjir, ¶·¸¹º chain,
fetters, †and (Persian)
, jachvi, chain
(Georgian)
†andh, †adhnAti,
†adhnIte, to †ind,
tie, attach, fi , fetter,
sacrifice;
†andhanam, †ond,
nigadah, fetter
ana asUtra, a gold
cord or
chain; zrg halay,
-yati, to chain or
fetter, ˆ³´ghalaŠ,
chain, nigaµaŠ,
shac le, chain
janasaMmarda [m],
throng of people,
crowd; sa´gha,
group, Šsamgha
†and, company,
crowd; janarnava,
crowd (lit. sea) of
men, caravan.
ar aru, chain,
marratu, chain,
rain†ow, kannu,
fetter, †and, rope,
†elt, wisp of straw to
†ind a sheaf, k su,
fetter, †ond, a
disease, maškanu,
fetter for a slave,
canopy, tent,
location, empty lot,
threshing floor, etc.,
q ti, fetter,
handcuffs, p du, to
fetter, to imprison,
ta e captive, etc.,
kasû, to fetter, to
arrest a person,
demand payment, to
†ind magically, etc.,
kasû, fettered,
†ound, p d tu,
fettering, jannussu?
kamû?, qunnabru ,
fetters, kur û, foot
fetters, lin s, a nu,
fetters on arm,
šeršerratu, chain,
fetters, shac les,
šeršerru, chain,
mar on the e ta
(A adian)
jamiyyat, ÷ÄÅÆ
crowd, goruh, ÈɶÇ
assem†ly, group,
crowd, corps. horde,
etc. (Persian)
, jgup’i,
group,
,eria,
crowd, (Georgian)
pu urtu, crowd,
throng, dak ku, to
¯ ®À , alysida,
chain, ¨ ,
—–¢»¼½, lancuh, chain
(Belarusian) lancuh, chain, desmá, fetters,
shac les (Gree )
spalucac, zlucac,
²Á , shght’a,
to lin (Belarus)
chain (Armenian)
lanac, chain (Croatian)
vargonj, shac les,
¾¨de, chain (Latvian)
chain, zin hir,
lan¿, chain (Romanian)
fetters, chain
etju,chain (Finnish(Al†anian)
Uralic_
sla†hra, chain (Irish)
sla†hraidh, chain
(Scott)
cadwyn -i, -au,
chain; cadwyno, to
chain; tid-au, chain;
tres -i, trace, chain,
tress (Welsh)
catena, chain (Italian)
chaine, chain (French)
catena-ae, chain
catea, chain, atea ,
fetters (Basque)
¢–Ê™ËÌ, natoÍp, crowd,
½Î¼Ì–, hrupa, group
(Belarusian) natawp,
natowp, crowd (Belarus)
s upina, group, guŸva,
crowd (Croatian)
tøum, crowd, Grupa, group
(Polish)
pÏlis, crowd, grupa, group
(Latvian)
grup, group, mul¿imea,
, omáda,
group, ¯ÐÑ V,
plíthos, crowd,
synostismos,
synostizo, crowd
(Gree )
Ò
€,
am†o hin, crowd,
ƒ ÒÓ, hum†y,
group (Armenian)
grum†ull njerëzish,
caterva-ae,
group
cautor-oris, one
who is on his
guard;
possi†ly, atres>
is castrum-i,
castle, fort,
fortress;
quattuor, four
är - (v†.) [B är -],
†ind, tie, (Tocharian)
patalha(i), to fetter,
patalhiaman?,
fettering (Luvian)
patalhae, patallie/a,
to fetter, pdalie/a,
fetter, to tie the legs,
pdlhae, fetter of
chain tied around a
prisoner’s foot
(Hittite)
crwth, crowd,
fiddle, purring, hump;
torf -eydd, -oedd,
crowd, multitude, twr,
tyrrau, heap, crowd,
group; tyrfa-oedd,
crowd, multitude,
(Welsh)
slua, crowd, grúpa,
group (Irish)
sluagh, crowd,
chain [<Lat.
catena], lin ,
[<ME lin e, of
Scand. origin]
fetters, a series;
†inding ([<OE
†indan, to †ind]
cinch (a saddle)
[<L. cingula-ae,
girdle]
CATeNE,
Script
Z1386
CATeNIS,
Script
Z1326
2-38
catra Ô four?
a crowd [<OE
crüdan, to
hasten], group
[< Ital. gruppo; of
Gmc. orig.]
2-39
catra, Script
Q488
atres,
Script Q107
atro
(KATR‡),
Script
Q84, Q253,
Q273;
atrom
(KATR‡M),
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†uidheann, group
(Scott)
caterva, crowd
(Italian)
foule, crowd
(French)
rop [B rewpe,
raupe], crowd, heap,
herd, floc , o rop
(adv.), in a crowd
(Tocharian)
kalutiie/a, group, to
treat as a group
(Hittite)
crowd, patru, four; patra,
turmë, crowd, grup,
fourth (Romanian)
group, grum†ull,
crowd a†out, to romp
vä ijou o, crowd, ryhmä,
(A adian)
apicë, shoqëri,
group (Finnish-Uralic)
popull (Al†anian)
cint‰, caution,
attention,
pratyAdeza,
direction, order,
command;
repudiation, putting
to shame or
confusion, warning,
caution, ra Õ‰,
guptih, guard,
caution eeping,
protection
htiyât, Ö×·ØÙ to ta e
caution (Persian)
,
sip’rt’ hilit’, caution
(Georgian)
–¦»ÚΙ›¢–¦»Û,
asciaroŸnasÜ, caution
(Belarusian)
asciaroznasc,
caution, care,
prudence (Belarus)
na ru, to guard, to
do guard duty, to ta e Oprez, caution (Croatian)
piesardz †a, caution
care of, to o†ey
(Latvian)
commands, to
pruden ©, caution
respect, to †e on the
alert, to †e on guard
(Romanian)
etc., n iru, adj.,
varovaisuus, caution
protecting, guard,
(Finnish-Uralic)
(A adian)
mârâ, mâ, ×å us
(Persian)
, ch’ven, us,
,
ch’vent’vis, to us
(Georgian)
nâti, us, nâšni, Dat.,
to us, nâši, Dat, to
us, for us (A adian)
¢–•, nam, to us
(Belarusian)
nama, to us (Croatian)
nam, nas, us,
do nas, to us (Polish
mums, to us (Latvian)
pentru noi, to us
(Romanian)
meille, to us (FinnishUralic)
˜çš, dzie, where, ç
®k¯
b
,
s liró vrácho, rough
shorp roc ,
Ý ® Ð, prosochi,
caution,
profyla i,
proeidopoio,
caution (Gree )
Þß ƒ² ƒÂà ƒ€,
zgushut’yun,
caution (Armenian)
ujdes, careful, i
ujdesshëm, to †e
cautious (Al†anian)
®¬ ¬ V, se emás, to
us, mas, us (Gree )
Þ, mez, to us
(Armenian)
ne, na, neve, us, për
ne, to us
(Al†anian)
carraig ghéar gar†h,
rough sharp roc ,
†heith ar garda, †e on
guard, ra†hadh,
cautes-is, a
caution (Irish)
rough, sharp
ra†hadh, rough sharp
roc ; caveo,
roc , ra†hadh, caution
cavere, cavi,
(Scott)
cautum, to †e on
rhy†udd, caution
one's guard;
(Welsh)
cautus-a-um,
cautelare, to ta e
caute, caution.
caution, (Italian)
caution, surety,
guarantee, deposit
(French)
dúinn, to us (Irish)
dhuinn, to us (Scott)
i ni, to us (Welsh)
ce, a noi, pron. to us
(Italian)
nous, pronoun, us, æ
nous, to us
nos, us, no†is, to (French)
us
-(ä)m (pron.), us, you,
them (Tocharian)
Script N112,
Q1
a rough, sharp
roc ; caution,
care; to †e on
one's guard
2-40
to us [<OE Ïs]
2-41
-nnas, us (Hit4tite)
«
À , diá
qua, a†l., of qui,
†y which way,
cautas
(cavãas),
Script M38
Possi†ly,
cavthas,
codas, L.
cauda,
coda, the
tail of an
animal,
caude ,
code ,
trun of a
tree, †oo
made of
wooden
ta†lets
ce, Script
Z111,
Z219, Z289,
Z421, Z737,
Z674, Z709,
Z937,
Z1088,
Z1097,
Z1591,
Z1835,
TC179,
K119, AF-1,
AD-1,
N311,
Q217,
Q784,
R639,
Au43, BS-9,
BS11;
Ce, MS14
cea, Script
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yena, where†y,
‰carati (car), that
ced, conj. = {ca +
i3d}) and; also, even
(w. prec. {api});
when, if (often prec.
†y {iti} = if thus, in
this case). {atha ced}
†ut if {na ced
(cenna}) or {no ced}
if not, else. Rarely
{yadi ced = ced}
alone.
ýathra [-](adv.)
where (Avestan)
cerâ, cegune, (èÅêìî)
Ž¹•ïð where†y, oj â
׸ñ where, e, Žñ
conj., that (Persian)
, rom, that,
, sadats’,
where,
, sad,
where (Georgian)
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˜–Ì–•™½–õ ¡–½™, z
dapamohaj ‘aho, where†y,
Ê™, ¥to, that (Belarusian)
dzie, pron. where
at; udy, pron.
where to, s ul,
pron. where from heta,
pron. it, that; hety, pron., =
toj, this, that (Belarus)
gdje, where, ‘ime,
where†y, da, that
(Croatian)
tou opoíou,
where†y,
, pou,
where, « , óti, that,
episis, also; ti,
poios, poia, poio,
what; pou, opou,
where; dia tou
opoiou, me to
opoio, where†y
(Gree )
gdzie, where, w wyni u
adi, gadu, qadu,
Ó‚°
,
czego, where†y, öe, that
ôadu, ad, as far as, up
yst vori, where†y
(Polish)
till, up to, agâ,
ur, where, ar uru,
(Armenian)
aga’a, agaja, aga’i,
annû, that, this, allû, where†y, a, that (Latvian) u, where,
përmes së cilës,
that, the other, those, unde, where, prin care,
ammiu, amm tu (f.), where†y, acea, that, acest, adv. where†y, që,
that, the other
this (Romanian)
that (Al†anian)
(A adian)
missä, where , jon a
mu aan, where†y, että,
that (Finnish-Uralic)
as adv.
i gcás ina, where,
trína, where†y, sin,
that (Irish)
far am †i, where†y,
cæite, where, sin, that
(Scott)
lle, where, lle y mae,
where†y, hynny, that;
hwn (hon [f]), this;
†eth, pa, what (Welsh)
per cui, where†y,
dove, where, anchi,
inoltre, also;
qua, adv. here; chi,
who, quella, that,
(Italian)
par lequel, where†y,
où, where, cette, that
aussi, de plus,
également, also; que,
that, as, then, only,
†ut, rel. pron. whom,
that, which, what, que
(French)
where, also
where†y, or as far
as
N149, N254
2-42
‰s, this, ap‰-, that
ap‰s, that, apa-as,
that, he, she, it;
uw‰pi, when, where
(Hittite)
hvaretha [-], food
(Avestan)
÷azâ, ûþÿ
food,
orâ , !û"•$ food,
ailiment, cuisine,
viand, nourishment
(Persian)
, sa ve†i,
food (Georgian)
'uzi, meat,
a¥(i)=o=ôi-, a¥oôi-,
a¥oôe, meal (Hurrian)
iptennu,
kurummu?,
‰h‰raŠ, food,
kuš tu?, ti’itu, food,
nourishment,
naptanu, food,
†harman, support,
allotment, meal,
nourishment; tarpana, †anquet, time of the
satiating,
evening meal,
refreshing,
evening, nebr tu,
food, fodder, pasture,
comforting;
kiništu, food
pitu, drin ;
offerings, class of
nourishment, food.
priests (concerned
with the preparation
of food offerings), of
low status, isinnu,
food portion, secular
festival, religious
festival, aršu, food,
pro†a†ly a fruit,
giddê, ul u,
ôunzu, kišar nu,
kizu, a foodstuff,
n per tu, food
ration, š kultu, food,
fodder, †anquet,
a du, food served
in a dish, aiwa, food
made from emmer ,
putannatu, food,
provisions?,
« &Ð, trofi, food
(Gree )
‚€€± Â *,
snndamt’yer ’, food
(Armenian)
hajë, eat, ushqim,
food, të ngrëna,
jedzenie, food (Polish)
eaten, ushqyerje,
¨diens, food (Latvian)
nourishment
alimente, food (Romanian)
(Al†anian)
ruo a, food (FinnishUralic)
janari, food
(Basque)
%–Ρ–•–¢¢š, char‘avannie,
food (Belarusian)
,jeza, food
(Belarus)
hrana, food (Croatian)
ci†us-i, food
pascare, to
feed
esca-ae, food
†ia, food (Irish)
†iadh, food (Scott)
†wyd -dd, food;
lluniaeth, food,
nourishment, diet,
repast, ym†orth, food,
†oard, diet, fare,
repast, provisions
(Welsh):
ci†o, food; ci†are, to
feed (Italian)
nourrir, to feed;
nouriture, aliments,
food (French)
food [<OE foda],
fodder [<OE
fodor],
nourishment
[<Lat. nutrio-ire]
See also flesh
e†u
(KEB‡),
Script,
Q829)
e , fodder (Tocharian) 2-43
m mal, meal, edri,
food, sanhua,
sanhuna, a food,
tsinail, a foodstuff,
tsowa, food, †read
(Hittite)
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n per tu, food
rations,*lû, food
platter or dish or the
food it contains
(A adian)
har ânce, ânce,
harce, whatever,
pron.; †ar i,
anda i, ye cand,
adj., anda i, pron.
some (Persian)
aˆcit, any, yad yad,
whatever,
whatsoever, anyat
i@cit, something
else, yatra yatra,
wherever,
aˆci, any,
anyaday ya,
†elonging to that or
those
—£§™õ, liu†oj, whatever,
any, ˜çš, dzie,
¢š¤–ʙΜÚ, nie atoryja
some, %Ê™¦Û»J, chtoˆci,
someone (Belarusian)
,
sto, pron. what
gar veultsilad,
chtos, chtosci,
somewhat,
,
pron. someone,
rasats’, whatever, , some†ody;
, i ’, sadats’,
nie atory, pron.
wherever,
some; nie al i,
,
adv. several, some, few
(Belarus)
zogiert’i, some,
¥togod, whatever, gdje
,
god, wherever, ne i, some,
ne†ismieri, any,
†ilo oji, any (Croatian)
someone, vinme,
neat ar gi no t‰, whatever,
, raghats’,
ur vien, wherever, daŸi,
something (Georgian)
some (Latvian)
mimman, whatever, indiferent de, whatever,
oriunde, wherever, unele,
anything, nothing,
indef. pron., ammar, some, orice, any
whatever, as much
CE‡XYI, ceva,
as, minummê,
something, cineva,
whatever, everything, someone (Romanian)
all, mem ni,
mi ä tahansa, whatever,
whatever, something,
some†ody, any†ody, minne tahansa, wherever,
jot ut, some, ai i, any,
no†ody, nothing,
jo u, someone, jotain,
indef. pron.,
ja’umma, any,
something (Finnishgabbu, any, all,
Uralic)
every, entirety
(A adian)
a, ahe, who
(Avestan)
e, èñ who, odâm,
•ûìñ any, which, ‘e‘e,
Žð any, as, which,
whether, that
(Persian)
, vin, who, , ra,
what,
,
zogiert’i, some,
,
ne†ismieri, any
(Georgian)
ja’umma, any,
gabbu, any, all,
every, entirety, ajû,
jû, aj tu, who,
which, what, šumu,
pron. and conj., any,
†ecause of, name,
offspring, etc.
(A adian)
%Ê™, chto, who, Ê™, ¥to,
what, ¢š¤–ʙΜÚ,
nie atoryja, some, —£§™õ,
liu†oj, any (Belarusian)
nie atory, pron.
some; nie al i,
adv. several, some,
few (Belarus)
t o, who, ¥to, what, ne i,
some, †ilo oji, any
(Croatian)
je† ura, any, daŸi, some,
ur¥, who, as, which,
what, a, that (Latvian)
care, who, ce, what, niste,
some, orice, any, cei,
acestea, those (Romanian)
jon in verran, some,
Ku a, who, jo a, which,
mitä, what, että, that
(Finnish-Uralic)
¬x «Ð«\V,
ane artítos,
whatever,
Ð «¬,
opoudípote,
wherever, otidipote,
whatever; ¬ k À,
meri oi, k
V,
apoios, someone
peripou, some
(Gree )
€^ ` , inch’ el,
whatever, ƒ `
,
ur el vor, wherever,
* € , mi ’ani,
some,
ƒ`,
voreve, any, •Ó,
me y, someone
(Armenian)
aspa , fare, adv.;
cfarëdo, whatever,
udo që, wherever,
cilido, adj.
whatever; disa,
some, ndonjë, any
(Al†anian)
À Vo opoios,
who, any, « , ti,
what, ¬ k À,
meri oi, some,
À¬V, oi opoíes,
which, pou, which;
e einos, oti, oste,
that (Gree )
„, ov, who, €^,
inch’, what, Ó,
vory, which,
* € , mi ’ani,
some,
ۥ
…,
ts’an ats’ats, any
(Armenian)
që, that; cfarë,
what, Kush, who,
ndonjë, any, disa,
some (Al†anian)
edozein, any, †aten
†at, adj., any
(Basque)
quacumque
[-cunque],
wherever, †y
whatever way
ci†é áit, wherever, is
cuma cad, whatever,
cuid acu, some, aon,
any (Irish)
ge †ith cæite,
wherever, ge †ith d~,
whatever, cuid, some,
sam †ith, any (Scott)
peth, adj. some, any;
rhai, adj. some, pron.
some ones; rhyw, adj.
some, certain, any
(Welsh)
checche, whatever,
qualque, some
(Italian)
quelque, some, any,
whatever, whatsoever
(French)
pronoun,
whatever, some
2-44
ce , Script
Z64, Z648,
Z1628
ce a, Script
A‡-5
cechasi (CE
¯ASI),
Script K-94,
Script Z64,
Z648,
Z1628
kuiesqa, some, kui-,
that, which, what, who,
kui kui, whatever,
whoever, whichever,
kui-imma kui,
whichever, (Hittite)
quae, any, some
qui, who
aon, any, a, who,
which, Cad, what,
cuid acu, some (Irish)
cò, who, d~, which,
what, cuid, some, aon
sam †ith, any, gin, any
(Scott)
pwy, sawl, a, who;
pa, a, which; a,
hwnnw (honno [f]),
that; hwn (hon [f]),
this; †eth, pa, what,
rhai, some (Welsh)
alcuni, some, qualche,
some, chi, who,
qualunce, any (Italian)
quelque, aucun, tout,
any, quelle, what,
lequel, which, qui,
who (French)
any, [<OE aenig],
some [<OE, sum,
a certain one];
relat. who, [<OE
hwa], which,
what, that
cei, Script
Q65, K119,
TC290
2-45
kuis, who,
kuisa, whoever,
kuiesqa, some,
kuisk-> any/some
one/thing (Hittite)
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zirâ, †ecause, conj.
(Persian)
, radgan,
†ecause (Georgian)
utah, asm‰t,
†ecause (why)
n mel, nirit?, conj.,
†ecause, k m , conj.,
†ecause, according
to, instead of, k ma,
†ecause, as,
according to, as soon
as, when, in the the
manner of, that,
whether, on account
of, if, in case, so that,
aššum, †ecause of,
concerning, on †ehalf
of, on account of,
with respect to,
related to, appiš,
†ecause of the fact,
since, k m, conj.,
†ecause, otherwise,
qadu, †ecause, since,
š t, †ecause of,
concerning, royal
(A adian)
nan,
those
(Persian)
, im, those,
isini, they, those
(Georgian)
x
€ghra, tvarita, swift,
quick, prAzu, adj.,
very quick, swift;
tUrta,
adj. quick, swift;
senAjU, adj., swift as
an arrow; sthag,
sthagayati, pp.
sthagita, to cover,
hide, conceal; mluc,
mlocati, to go to rest,
hide behind, go
down, set, apanidh•,
to place aside, hide,
conceal
Ê–•¼ Ê™, tamu ¥to,
†ecause (Belarusian)
jer, †ecause (Croatian)
†o, conj. †ecause,
for; dziela, pron.
†ecause of, for; z
-za, pron. †ecause of
(Belarus)
†o, †ecasuse (Polish)
jo, †ecause (Latvian)
de aceia, †ecause
(Romanian)
os a, †ecause (FinnishUralic)
¬ ¬ Ð, epeidi,
†ecause, giati, dioti,
†ecause, for
(Gree )
,
vorovhetev, because
quia, because
(Armenian)
sepse, because, nga
që, because, conj.
(Albanian)
delako, because,
zeren...bait, conj.,
because (Basque)
mar, because (Irish)
air sgàth, because
(Scott)
achos, conj. because;
prep., because, for;
canys (cans), conj.
because, for; (Welsh)
perche, because
(Italian)
parce que, car,
because (French)
kuyalte, conj. because
(Tocharian)
because [<ME bi
cause]
2-46
ceia, Script
Z606, Z614,
Z622,
Z629
2-47 deleted
kwisra/i, kwistsa,
kuman, because
(Luvian)
kuit, because, since,
what (Hittite)
,
sasina, fem.pl.,
those, the
aforementioned,
šâšunu, masc. pl.,
those, the
aformentioned, them,
for them, to them, as
for them, šât, fem. pl.
they of, those of,
which, šâtun, pron.,
those, šina, šin ti,
they, those, the
aforementioned
(Akkadian)
, tyja, those,
, jany,
they (Belarusian)
oni, those, they (Croatian)
te, those, oni, they, them,
their, theirs (Polish)
tiem, those, vi i, they, tie,
they, those (Latvian)
acestea, those,
cel, those, care, that,
which, who, some, asta,
that, it, aqel, aceea, that,
acela, that, that one, ei,
they, her, its, hers, ele,
they, se, it, they,
themselves, one, himself,
itself, dân ii, dânsele
they, (Romanian)
nuo, those, ne, they, them,
those (Finnish-Uralic)
Š‹ Œ•, chutki, swift,
sparki, adj. quick, rapid,
fast; ŠŽ•Ž•‘, chava“, to
hide;
(Belarusian)
brz, swift, sakriti, to hide
(Croatian)
ukry“, to hide, szybki,
penhân kardan,
swift (Polish)
ƒ„… †‡‚ to hide; fast,
•trs, swift; sl”pties, to hide
tond, ˆ‡‰ adv. fast;
(Latvian)
(Persian)
rapid, swift; a se ascunde,
, stsrap’i,
to hide, conceal
swift;
,
(Romanian)
damalva, to hide
nopea, swift; piiloutua, to
(Georgian)
hide, conceal (FinnishUralic)
puzzuru, adj.,
completely hidden,
aurvañtô [aurvañt],
swift, quick, a steed,
horse, racer, warrior,
aurvat-aspa [-], swifthorsed, zâvare [-],
swiftness, speed
(Avestan)
, ekeinoi,
those,
, aftoí,
they, these (Greek)
, drank’,
those,
,
nrank’, they, hers,
its (Armenian)
ato, those, ata, they,
them (Albanian)
quegil, quel,
those
iad siúd, siúd, those,
siad, they (Irish)
iadsan, those, iad, they
(Scott)
y rhai hynny, those,
nhw, they (Welsh)
quel, quegli, quelli,
those, esse, essi, they
(Italian)
those, they, them
ces, ceux-là, those;
quel, what, which,
2-48
elles, ils, they
(French)
cel, Script
R64, G-1,
TC325
ka, this (Palaic)
horeik, those, haiek,
them, those, they
(Basque)
tsa/tsi, this (Luvian)
-us, them, e-, k -, ko,
k ->, k s, ap -, ebe,
this, sum s, -smas, -e,
they (Hittite)
• –—, kryvo, to
hide, krybomai,
hid, apokrypto,
conceal; ˜™V,
tachýs, swift,
grigoros, rapid;
(Greek)
›, arag, swift;
œ • ž,
t’ak’ts’nel, to hide
(Armenian)
i shpejtë, swift, për
t'u fshehur, fut,
strukem, to hide,
(Albanian)
Ezkutatu, to hide,
azkar, swiftly,
quick, fast,
(Basque)
celo-are, to
hide;2nd pers.
pl. celatis;
cellarius-a-um,
hidden
celer-eris, swift
go tapa, swift, a cheilt,
to hide (Irish)
gu luath, swift, gus
falach, to hide (Scott)
yn gyflym, swift,
i guddio, to conceal,
cloak, dissemble;
cuddio, to hide,
conceal, cloak, mask;
(Welsh)
nascondere, to hide,
veloce, swift
celere, adj.,
expeditious (Italian)
ces, ceux-là, those;
cacher, to hide
celer, to conceal,
rapide, swift, célerité,
speed, swiftness,
cela, Script
AG-1;
CELeRIM,
Script,
to hide, to secret
Z582;
away; to be swift, celi, Script
fast; speed [<OE
Z180, Z197,
sped, success];
Z263, Z357,
code [<Lat. codex Z412, Z421,
(older caudex)
Z1040,
-dicis, trunk of a
Z1337,
tree; transf. a book Z1345;
made from
celo
wooden tablets]
(CELŸ),
Script
2-49
Z727, Z897,
Z1203
celto
(CELTŸ) ,
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secret, pazru, adj.,
hidden, inaccessible,
pišru, hidden
meaning,
interpretation,
paz ru, to hide,
conceal, stow, stash,
to smuggle, to grant
refuge, to shelter,
etc., puzru, hidden
place, things,
seclusion, secret way,
message, refuge, etc.,
puzru, marq tu, to
hide, qeb ru, to
hide, to roll up, to
cover up, to be
buried, etc.,
sanna/sann,
sana/san, ulae, ule->
to hide, conceal,
kariie/a, to cover,
monae, munnae,
munnaea, to conceal,
nuntria/nutria,
ptiali/ptalia, adj.,
swift, leliwant, adv.,
swiftly traveling
katimtu,hidden
region, hidden object,
kitimtu, hidden
knowledge, nap gu,
to hide, disappear, to
sink, esû, to hide,
cover up, pas mu, to
hide, to veil the face,
to conceal, cover,
etc., marq tu, hiding
place, refuge,
l simu, adj., swift,
munnarbu, swift,
runaway, runner,
lasmu, adj., swift
running, fleet,
am u, adj., swift,
sudden, quick,
amittu, ša, ur iš,
quickly, ummu u,
quickly, fast, zamar,
adv., quickly, in an
instant, hurriedly,
am u, zamariš,
adv., quickly
(Akkadian)
x
,
ibechdeba, Celt
(Georgian)
nâlidan, ˆ©ª groan,
to sigh, mrs« yh, ¬©-„®
lament (Persian)
, laguna, to
lament (Georgian)
ra¨ati, groan,
krandati , to lament,
cry, anurud, lament;
zvas, zvasiti, zvasati,
lament, wail; kaj,
kUjati, -te, make
inarticulate sounds,
cry, sing, moan,
groan chatter, prate,
talk, blow, bluster,
hiss, whistle, snort,
breathe, sigh; lap,
lapAta (-te),
nâqu , to groan, cry,
labû, to groan,
growl, to howl,
qubbû, to lament,
nabû, to lament, to
wail, nubû,
lamentation, wailing,
na su, to lament,
wail, to sob, qubbû,
lamentation,
iršannišakku,
lamentation prayer
(Akkadian)
bhojayati, to feed,
ad [-], to eat, to say
Script
Q813
probably
celtv or, L.
celator, a
concealor,
or Celtae
arum, the
Celts
alacrity (French)
Œ¡¢‘ , kie£t, Celt
(Belarusian)
Kelt, Celt (Croatian)
celt, Celt (Latvian)
CELT, CELTUL, Celt;
CELTU, old Romanian for
Celt (Romanian)
keltti, Celt (FinnishUralic)
¤¥¦ §V, Kéltis, Celt
(Greek)
ž •, halets’, Celt
(Armenian)
kelt, Celt
(Albanian)
Celtae-arum
celt, Celt (Irish, Scott,
Welsh)
celta, Celt (Italian)
Celte, Celt (French)
§• µ¶· , na
iremísei, to groan,
thrino, bogko,
bogkito,
stenagmos, moan;
¸•§ ™µ , na
thrinoúme, to
lament, goera,
lament (Greek)
• • ¹, ts’nts’um,
j³cze“, to groan, lament,
to groan,
lament, lamentowa“, to
gemo, gemere,
º º » ž
lament (Polish)
gemui, gemitum
¹ ,
aghaghakelu hamar,
nomoc€t, to groan, no²”lot, to lament
to lament (Latvian)
(Armenian)
s´ urleasc´, to groan, a
për të rënkuar, to
gem, to moan, s´ se
groan, kërcitje,
plâng´, to lament
ofshamë, groan, flas
(Romanian)
me rënkim, rënkoj,
ofshaj, to groan, për
vaivata, to groan, valittaa, të qarë, to lament
to lament (Finnish-Uralic) (Albanian)
groan, to groan, a
chaoineadh, to lament
(Irish)
a 'gearan, to groan, a
chaoidh, to lament
(Scott)
i groan, to groan, i
ladd, to lament
(Welsh)
gemere, to groan,
lamentarsi, to lament
(Italian)
gémir, to groan, se
lamenter, to lament
(French)
Ž¼¡½Ž•‘, abieda“, to dine,
chun dine, to dine,
¯ Ž° Ž•‘, stahna“, to
groan, moan, Ž±ŽŒŽ•‘,
naraka“, to lament
(Belarusian)
jencec, to moan
(Belarus)
stenjati, to groan, moan,
²aliti, to lament (Croatian)
¾ ¿ ¶·—, na
ceno-are
CELATI,
AG-7
Celts
2-50
to sigh, groan
[<OE gr •nian],
moan, lament
[<Lat. lamentari];
of lions, to roar
2-51
celto (celtv),
Script
Q813
cem, Script
Z263, Z432,
Z887,
Z1192,
Q701;
cemo
(CEMŸ),
Script
K36
to dine, to dine on, cen, Script
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jalap nam, lunch;
h raya, to dine, take
food; viS, viveSTi, to
stir,
not rest, finish food,
overcome, conquer;
ghas, ghasti, to
devour, swallow, eat;
jaks, jaksiti, to eat,
consume; saMbhojya
adj. to be enjoyed or
eaten; valbh,
valbhate, to eat, taste;
sAyamazana, evening
meal, supper
(Avestan)
sâm xordan, nahâr
xordan,
to
dine, lunch, eat
dinner, sâm dâdan, to
dine; xordan, to eat
(Persian)
at-, to eat (Urartian)
zaz, to make eat
(Hurrian)
pat nu, to eat a
meal, consume, to
provide a meal,
ak lu, to eat,
consume, provide for
oneself (Akkadian)
sâxe, so'be, branch;
tarke, twig
(Persian)
,
vazis p’iliali, vine
branch,
, vazis
maragi, vine stock
(Georgian)
Dala, branch; zAkhA
adj., branch, limb,
arm, leg, finger
ramification, species,
sort; viTapa, branch,
twig, bush; bhuja,
arm, branch,
trunk of an elephant, lamû, branch,
coil of a snake;
arinû, a branch,
larû, branch, fork,
Avrazcana, tree
a u, branch, shelf,
stump; vepres, twigs
[Rig Veda Book IX.3) staff, stick, scepter,
twig, atappu, a small
branch of a canal,
appa u, branches,
brush (Akkadian)
, abied, lunch
(Belarusian)
zjesci, to eat
(Belarus)
ve erati, to dine, ru ak,
lunch (Croatian)
zje obiad, to dine
(Polish)
pusdienot, to dine,
pusdienas, lunch (Latvian)
a cina, to dine, Masa de
pranz, lunch (Romanian)
ruokailla, to dine, lounas,
lunch (Finnish-Uralic)
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lón, lunch (Irish)
gus biadh ithe, to dine,
lòn, lunch (Scott)
i fwyta, to dine,
ciniawa, to dine,
lunch, cineo, lunch
(Welsh)
cena, supper, pranzo,
lunch (Italian)
dîner, to dine, souper,,
eat,[<OE etan],
supper, le déjeuner,
lunch [< perhaps,
lunch (French)
Sp lonja, slice]
deipníso, to dine,
,
mesimerianó, lunch
gevmatizo, dine;
trogo, eat (Greek)
€ • ‚ ƒ,
chashelu hamar, to
dine, „…, lanch’,
lunch (Armenian)
ha darkë, ha drekë,
bëj darkë, shtroj, to
dine; darkë,
supper (Albanian)
súwa, to eat
(Tocharian)
2-52
AL-8,
TC150;
ceni, Script
AN-49;
ceno
(CENV),
Script
N216, K52
#ata, to eat (Palaic)
et-, ud-, to eat
(Nesian)
ezza/ezz, zzi, d->,
ed/ad, #at, to eat
(Hittite)
† ‡ ˆ‰†‰Š†, laza filijal,
vine branch (Belarusian)
halina, branch,
twig; pien, trunk (Belarus)
grana vinove loze, vine
branch (Craotian)
Oddziaø, branc (Polish)
saka, forked
branch; vitis, tree
limb (BalticSudovian)
v‹nogu šŒirne, vine
branch, v‹nogul ju
kr jumi, vine stock
(Latvian)
ramura de vi•Ž de vie, vine
branch,
cep, the tap of a wine
barrel
cepe, onions (Romanian)
viiniköynnöksen haara,
vine branch (FinnishUralic)
stoc fíniúna, vine
stock (Irish)
stoc fìon, vine stock
(Scott)
stoc winwydd, vine
stock, ban-nau, peak,
corner, quarter, arm,
branch, verse; braich,
•• ‘“ ”••–—,
breichiau, arm,
kladí ampélou, vine
branch; cainc, cangau,
branch, stock,
ceinciau branch, arm,
ypokatastima,
ramus-i, bough, bough, limb;
kldos, parakladi,
cangen, gangehennau,
branch, twig;
branch; (Greek)
stipes-itis, a log, colfen-ni, nau, bough,
˜ ™ ™›
branch, tree
stump,
‚ œ„ • €™,
pill-ion, bit of
tree-trunk,
khaghoghi, vine
poetry, branch, post,
branch, post,
branch (Armenian)
club; separo-are, defence (Welsh)
dega e hardhisë,
ceppo, stump, log,
to separate,
vine branch,
pine-stock, beams,
consider
masnachyugh, vine
stock; ramo, branch
separately;
branch, Sdege (bot),
(Italian)
pila-ae a pillar,
filial, linjë, fushë
cep, vine stock;
pier, bookstall
(fig); lemë (fig);
cépage, vine plant;
mëngë, degëzim,
branche, branch
përrua branch
(French)
(Albanian)
branch [<LLat.
branca, paw],
stump, club
2-53
cep, Script
Z737;
cepe, Script
Z709? Q162
cepen,
Script Z656,
Z665, Z709,
Z1139,
Z1250,
Z1359, M74
cepi, Script
L31,
MS18;
cepis; Script
Z35; see
Note (2)
karke [cf. B kar k*]
branch (Tocharian)
alkistan, branch
(Hittite)
x
x
x
x
x
x
vilApa,
lamentation; zvas,
zvasiti, zvasati,
te, blow, bluster, hiss,
whistle, snort,
breathe, sigh; lap,
nimraomnô [ni
mrû], to speak
submissively, to
declare, to address,
wail (Avestan)
porsidán, žŸ ¡¢ to
£ ¤ ¥ ¦§, naraka , to
lament, ¨©ª« ¦§, spyta ,
to ask, ¬ ¤ - ¦§,
®abrava , to beg
(Belarusian)
¯ –° , na
thrinoúme, to
lament, ± ²³ ,
na zitísei, to ask for,
´²µ, eroto, to
question, ask,
queror, queri,
questo, to
bewail, lament;
mendicare, to
ask feverishly
cero-are, to
ag caoineadh, to
bewail, fiafraigh, to
ask, iarraidh, to ask
forto beg, to beg
(Irish)
Cephes,
Script
name, possibly the N469
Cephii,
Greek god
Cepheus
Script
N607,
N638;
2-54
Kephes,
Script Q406
to bewail, lament
[<Lat. lamentor
-ari, to weep, wail,
lament], whine
[<OE hwinan, to
cere, Script
Z133;
ceren, Script
Z665,
Z737, Z755,
Z769
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lapAta (-te), chatter,
prate, talk, lament,
wail; kaj,kUjati, -te,
make inarticulate
sounds, cry, sing,
moan, groan;
niry c, to beg or
solicit from, entreat,
ask, request;
pray c, to ask for,
beg, solicit, request,
pRcchati (-te), to
ask, question,
inquire to ask for ,
beg , solicit ,
requestniry c
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ask, geristan, ¶·¸¹¡º
to weep, talab kardan,
¡» ¼½¾ to beg
(Persian)
, laguna, to
lament,
,
ikit’kho, to beg,
, it’khoven,
to ask for (Georgian)
inquire
” ²–° , na
epaitoún, to beg,
na ®alost, to lament, pitati, (Greek)
nâqu, to groan, cry,
to ask, moliti, to beg
™ ™ Á €
labû, to groan,
(Croatian)
• ‚ ƒ,
growl, to howl,
lament,
aghaghakelu hamar,
qubbû, to lament,
lamentowac, to lament,
to lament,
nabû, to lament, to
wail, nubû, tassistu, zapyta , to ask, ¿ebra , to • ƒÂ„ , harts’nel,
lamentation, wailing, beg (Polish)
to ask for,
šallur nu?,
asarat, to weep
• ƒÂƒ Ã, harts’
lamentation,
’rek’, inquire,
(Baltic-Sudovian)
na su, to lament,
™ … ,
cover with wax
raud t, to lament, jaut t, to
wail, to sob, qubbû, ask, lÀgties, to beg
aghach’yel, to beg
lamentation, ar u,
(Armenian)
to sing a lamentation, (Latvian)
te pyesesh, to ask,
pentru a cere, to ask for,
utter cries of
qaj, vajtoj, to weep,
beg, sŽ se plângŽ, to
mourning, etc.,
për të qarë, to
rigmu, lamentation, lament, a implora, to beg
lament, për të lypur,
wailing, thunder,
(Romanian)
proclamation, noise, valittaa, to lament, pyytää, to beg (Albanian)
etc., iršannišakku,
to ask for, kerjätä, to beg
lamentation prayer,
dolu, lamentation,
(Finnish-Uralic)
šigû, lamentation, a
eskatu, to ask for,
type of prayer,
erregutzea, to be
lab nu, to beg
(Basque)
humbly, to exhibit
utmost humility, to
pray contritely, etc.,
qabû, to ask,
pronounce, recite,
report, etc., er šu , to
ask, request, to crave,
desire, to be
required, (Akkadian)
'inntinn, to beg a
chaoidh, to grieve,
lament, mourn weep,
bewail, a
dh'fhaighneachd, to
ask, a dh 'iarraidh, to
seek, gu beg, to beg
(Scott
marwnad-au,
lament, elegy, dirge;
alaethu, to lament;
cwynfan, to complain,
lament, i ofyn, to ask,
i beg, to beg (Welsh)
lamentare, vt. to
lament; demandare, to
ask, pregare, chiedere,
to beg (Italian)
lamenter, to lament;
demander, to ask;
prier, mendier, to beg
(French)
x
x
x
2-55
See also,
raca, racar,
to ask, to
speak?
#arija, to ask (Hittite)
x
x
make a whizzing
sound]; mourn
[<OE murnan]
ceres, Script
N505,
N563;
ceri, Z665,
AF-10:
ceris, AN32,
SM-3
Ceres-eris
Ceres, goddess of
agriculture; transf.
bread, grain, corn
ceris, AN32,
SM-3
2-56
prakara, heap,
multitude; cayana,
heap, pile; stupa,
agnicaya, heap or
mass of fire, vÄttam,
circle, maÅÆalam,
circle, aÇgul‹, finger
ring, cakram, hoop,
anything circular
agnicayaagnicaya
skarenayå [skarena],
circular, round
(Avestan)
dayrh, È¡¹É circle,
tude, È Ê heap,
kope, ËÌ» heap, pile,
hoard, hath kardan,
¡» ˾ ÍÉ to
surround, besiege,
halqe, ËÎ½Í ring, hoop
(Persian)
, bevri, heap,
,
garshemortqma, to
surround,
, tsre,
circle,
,
bechedi, ring,
,
hoop’, hoop
(Georgian)
¥¤ÏÐ, kruh, circle, ¥ÏÑ ,
ku a, heap, « Ñ ¦§,
ata a , to surround,
¥ †§¦Ò, kaÓco, ring,
¤ÏÑ, abru , hoop
(Belarusian)
akruzyc, v. perf.
to surrond [mil.]
(Belarus)
opkoliti, to surround, krug,
circle, hrpa, heap, prsten,
ring, papak, hoop
(Croatian)
gromadzic, halda,
kupa, sterta, heap, krag,
circle, pier cieÔ, ring,
obrÕcz, hoop (Polish)
grandis, preiperstas, ring
(Baltic-Sudovian)
kaudze, heap, ieskauj, to
gurunnu, heap,
surround, gredzens, ring,
mound, am ru, to
st‹pas, hoop (Latvian)
pile up bricks,
kam ru, to heap up, morman, heap, a
inconjura, to surround,
pile up, to spread
cerc, circle, hoop
dates for sorting,
(Romanian)
accumulated, etc.,
karamu, to pile up,
pino, heap, ympäröidä,
keep, store, ra pu,
surround, ympyrä, circle,
to pile up, erect, keep rengas, ring, vanne, hoop,
in good repair,
band, corselet (Finnishnak mu, adj.,
heaped up, amassed, Uralic)
´ Ö, sorós, heap
sorevo,
” •—••µ ,
na perikyklósei, to
surround, ‘ ײ—•“‘ ,
dachtylídi, ring,
• “•–Ö, kríkos,
hoop (Greek)
Á €•Ø, kuyt, heap,
• ƒÂƒ Ã
ƒÙ Ú ØÛ,
harts’rek’ shrjapaty,
to surround,
Ü™ Á Ý €,
oghakadzev, ring,
Á ™Ú ÃÛ,
koghpek’y, hoop
(Armenian)
turrë, head, rrethoj,
përqarkoj, to
surround, grumbull,
heap, rreth, circle,
ring, rreth për të
luajtur, hoop
(Albanian)
mendixka, mound,
arazoak izaten ari,
heap, pila, pile,
mordo, pile, mass,
eraztuna, ring,
inguratu, to
acervo-are, to
heap up
acervus-i, heap,
circus-i, ring]
gcarn, heap, ciorcal,
circle, timpeall, to
surround, fáinne, ring,
fonsa, hoop (Irish)
curnenu, curnenn, to
heap, stack, càrn, a
heap, pile, amgylchu,
amgylch, to surround,
encircle, compass,
encompass; tyrru, to
surround amgarn-au,
metal circle, ferrule,
ring va. heap, pile,
cearcall, hoop (Scott)
curnennu, to heap,
stack; pentyrro, to
heap, pile, accumulate,
amass, ffoniwch, ring,
cylchdroi, hoop
(Welsh)
cernere, to choose,
sort, mucchio, heap,
circondare, to
surround, cerchio,
circle, hoop, squillare,
ring (Italian)
tas, pile, heap, stack,
mass, cerne, ring,
circle cerner, to
surround, cerceau,
encircle [<Lat.
circus-i, ring],
heap [<OE hëap]
compass [<OFr.
compasser, to
measure], circle,
ring [<OE hring],
hoop [<ME hop],
warp, to twist,
etc., [<OE
weorpan, to
throw], pile [<Lat.
pila, pillar]
cerniie
(heaps,
tumuli?),
Script Q19,
Q23
Cerniie, a family
name?
2-57
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nikmu, pile, par gu,
pile of grain, šaknu,
heaped up, deposited,
treasured,
appointed, šap ku,
to heap up, pile up,
store, cast metal, etc.,
šapku, piled up,
heaped up, cast
metal, šipk tu,
mound, pile,
investments, cast
form, etc., šipku,
accumulation, heap,
mound, cast, etc.,
n tu, to surround,
lamû, to surround
completely, to be
besieged, arrange
objects in a circle, to
wrap, etc., lamû,
surrounding, walking
round a field,
kap lu, circle
around, entwine, to
form coils, etc,
kippatu, circle,
circumference,
totality, hoop, etc.,
panakku, circle
segment, kil lu,
circlet, headband,
battlement, ešgurru,
a metal ring, of
finery, anatu, enqu,
a ring, anšabutu,
earring, uppu,
metal ring, wheel
metal tire, qud šu,
ring worn by women,
šâ’u, to circle (said
of birds), flutter, fly
about, etc., n tu,
encirclement, siege,
grip, šus urtu,
encircling?, tab ku,
to heap up, store,
stack, pour, spill
discharge, void,
annul, collapse etc.
(Akkadian)
hatmi, ßã·Í certain,
bahs kardan, ¡» æçè
to dispute, bahs, æçè
dispute (Persian)
,
garkveuli, certain,
, dava, to
dispute,
,
dasakhlda, settled
(Georgian)
ava yah, inevitable,
certain, kRtanizcaya
adj. convinced,
certain, sure; vivAda,
dispute; vad, vadati,
-te, to
speak, raise the
voice, sing, sound,
dispute; atisaÞdheya,
easily settled;
sunizcita well
determined or quite
certain
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k ša, adv., certainly,
evidently, alûtu,
dispute, to hold a
disputation, paqru,
adj., disputed,
contested, mitgurtu,
disagreement,
concord, consent,
discord, agreement,
nap u, adj., settled,
hit, broken, crushed,
gamru, settled,
terminated, whole,
complete, full,
finished, gam ru, to
finish, to be settled,
to bring to an end,
used up, render a
final verdict, to give
in full, etc., paš ru,
settle, to appease,
relax, to be loosened,
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hoop (French)
kämpo, circle, kont l,
ring, A] warp, to
surround, warp,
enclosur, B] warp,
surround (Tocharian)
surround, encircle
(Basque)
warpa/ilae, to
surround, enclose,
warpa, enclosure,
hrbl(i), heap, to
stack, pile, harpae, to
heap up (Hittite)
©ê, peðny, certain,
¨©¤êÑ- ¦§, aspre va , to
dispute, -ª¤ ñ £ ,
vyrašana, settled
¨©¤êÑ- ¦§(Belarusian)
siguran, certain, za
osporavanje, to dispute,
riješiti, settled (Croatian)
pewny, certain,
dysputa, debate, spierac
sie, to dispute, spor,
controversy
(Polish)
noteikti, certain, apstr‹dõt,
to dispute, apmaks ts,
settled (Latvian)
anumit, certain, a contesta,
to dispute, stabilit, settled,
(Romanian)
tietty, certain, kiistää, to
dispute, ratkaistu, settled
(Finnish-Uralic)
÷•÷ –Ö, vévaios,
certain, ” • –,
pólemo, argument,
controversy,
ù ÷ ²³ , na
amfisvitísei, to
dispute,
² •²–”– • –,
taktopoiiméno,
settled, (Greek)
ƒ
Á›,
voroshaki, certain,
ü› ý „ ,
vichabanel, to
dispute,
ý„ Á Âü þ,
bnakets’vats, settled
(Armenian)
disa, certain,
vendosën, settled
diskutoj, debatoj,
polemizoj, to
dispute; adv.
vendosur, decided
(Albanian)
certo-are,
certus-um,
adj. settled,
decided,
certain, sure;
disputo-are, to
debate, dispute,
inquire
áirithe, certain,
díospóid, to dispute,
socraithe, settled
(Irish)
àraid, certain, airson
aimhreit, to dispute,
thuineachadh, settled,
certaich, rectify,
adjust, put to rights;
ceartas (Scott)
rhai, certain, sicr, adj.
sure, certain, i
anghydfod, to dispute,
amau, amheu, to
doubt, dispute,
contest, question,
discredit, setlo,
settled (Welsh)
certo certain.,
disputare, to dispute,
sistemata, f., (Italian)
certain, adj. certain;
disputer, discuter, to
dspute, polémique,
controversy, colonisée,
f., seettled (French)
to settle by
contest,
dispute [<Lat.
dipsuto-are],
control; certain
[<OFr. certain]
2-58
cert, Script
R565,
R574;
See
polumik,
(PVLVMiK)
Script
Au79, Au99
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k, [B ke], end,
kessu (adj.) [B
akessu, final
(Tocharian)
markiie/, disprove of,
tittiya-> establish,
settle, tuhus, to end,
appa/appi, appae,
appiie/a, to be
finished, trup, to be
finished, to plaid
together, to unite,
collect, to collect
oneself, zinna/zinn,
zinnizzi/zinnanzi,
tsini/tsinto, finish,
tksesr, settlement,
loosed, to resolve a
legal case, to
interpret dreams, to
be anulled, etc.,
qatû, to become
settled, finished, to
finish, use up,
destroy, to end, put
an end to (Akkadian)
arrangement,
combination, tksul,
settlement, peacetreaty, agreement
(Hittite)
Gerion, herdsman
x
x
x
x
x
aiwi-druzhaiti [aiwidruj], false, to break
a contract or
agreement, to
deceive (Avestan)
doruq, !" lie,
fabrication, fiction,
untruth, doruq goftan,
¶·$º !" to lie
(Persian)
,
motqueba, to lie
(Georgian)
kamami, kazb tu,
lie, kaz bu, to lie,
pariktu, lie,
injustice, par u, to
lie, to lie to, to
anÄtaÿ vadati, to
violate, transgress, a
speak falsely,
trust, to break an
mithya, adv. wrongly, oath, to deceive, to
falsely, in vain; with practice deceit,
{bru, vac}, etc. speak pir tu, lies, deceit,
trickery, šugguru, to
falsely, tell a lie;
lie, cheat, šukunnû,
kaitava, deceit,
false accusation,
fraud, lie; asant, not
blasphemy, ullupu,
existing, unreal,
adj., false, dishonest,
untruth, lie
crossed out,
cancelled, parri u,
false, mendacious,
criminal, abru,
false, malicious,
urr ti, tasriru,
falsehood, aburtu,
falsheood, malice,
a tu, falsehood,
slander, misfortune,
secrecy, hiding,
šin ti, in la šin ti,
falsehoods, improper
actions or words,
š ru, falsehoods,
flatus, emptiness, etc.
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%†Ï¨‰¦§, chlusi , to lie
(Belarusian)
chlusic, to lie, tell
lies; chlusnia,
lie; fals, falsehood,
mana, lie, untruth
(Belarus)
lagati, to lie (Croatian)
køama , to lie (Polish)
melot, to lie (Latvian)
a minti, to lie (Romanian)
valehdella, to lie (FinnishUralic)
&• ² , na
psémata, to lie,
psevdomai,
xaplono, briskomai,
psema, lie (Greek)
˜ ý , khabel, to
lie (Armenian)
te genjesh, to lie
falsitet, ide e
gabuar, pavërtetësi,
falsehood;
falsifikoj,
shtrembëroj, to
falsify (Albanian)
gezurra esan, to lie,
faltsutasuna,
falsehood (Basque)
x
of Spain whose
cattle were stolen
by Hercules
2-59
CERUN
(CERVN)
CERUN
(CERVN),
PH-3
bréag a insint, to lie
(Irish)
a luidhe, to lie (Scott)
celwyddo, to lie, tell
lies, fib, equivocate,
prevaricate (Welsh)
mentire, to lie (Italian)
gésir, to lie (French)
mentior-iri
kl wa- keÞ [B,
aÇkaiÞ], false,
wrong, in vain
(Tocharian)
to lie?
2-60
kes, Script
N453, N563
ki, to lie (Palaic)
tsi, to lie (Luvian)
si-, sixani, to lie,
mrssxa-, mrssx+,
falsehood (Lycian)
ki->, to lie (Hittite)
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(Akkadian)
ist, adj., ist,
istgâh, istâdan,
bâzistâdan, ¶·=É @ è to
stop, veto, withhold,
tamâm šodán, ž= J ãÊ ¨©ª£‰¦§, spyni , to cease,
arrest, break, cease,
stop (Belarusian)
stop, close (Persian)
prpynak, to halt, stop;
prypyniacca,
,
prypynicca, to stop;
shetsqveta, to cease
spynic, v. imp.
,
stop, bring to a
shech’ereba, to stop
standstill (Belarus)
(Georgian)
prestati, to cease,
zaustaviti, to stop
padû, to stop,
(Croatian)
viramati, to cease,
to relent, to release,
jah tizI, to leave off, to spare, pa ru, to
abandon, zIyate, fall, stop, cease, conclude, zatrzyma , to stop,
zaprzesta , to cease
to break up a team,
cease, perish;
(Polish)
remit an obligation,
visarjana,
cessation, end, letting loosen, dissolve, etc., stabdit, to stop (Baltickalû, to stop, to
Sudovian)
go; sRj, sRjati, -te,
detain, to cut off, to
p rtraukt, to cease,
sarjati {prati} send
come to an end, to be
forth, give up, resign, closed, to cease, etc., apst ties, to stop
(Latvian)
yield, cease
naparkû, to stop,
a inceta, to cease, a opri,
cease doing
something, to end, to to stop (Romanian)
lopettaa, to cease,
cease, to leave, to
pysähtyä, to stop (Finnishremain, to stay
behind, to put an end Uralic)
to, par su, to stop, to
cut off, to block evil,
to sever relations,
cease, etc., kâdu,
cease, to come to an
end (Akkadian)
” ° , na
páfsei, to cease,
²
²³ , na
stamatísei, to stop,
” °´, pavo, cease,
desist (Greek)
Y Y ƒ „ €
• ‚ ƒ,
dadarets’nelu
ceso-are
hamar, to cease,
Á „\„ , kangnel,
to stop (Armenian)
të ndalosh, to stop,
to cease, për të
pushuar, to cease, të
pushojë, to rest,
(Albanian)
har, ¡ each, every,
an, any, har yek, |¹ È
each, any, an,
whichever, hame, Ëã
everyone, all, totally
(Persian)
,
t’it’oeuli, each
¥Ò¬£ª, ko®ny, each
(Georgian)
(Belarusian)
kozny, pron.
išt tan, each,
jamutu, pron., each, every, each
attamannu, each and (Belarus)
sarva`, everyone,
svaki, each (Croatian)
every one,whoever
everybody, pÄthak
katrs, each (Latvian)
you are, mit riš,
pÄthak, severally,
cest, each, this one
ekaika`, apiece, each each one (of two or
more persons,
(Romanian)
objects, etc.,
kukin, each (Finnishenumerated), to the
Uralic)
same extent or
degree, everywhere,
collectively,
unanimously, at
every occasion, all
over, in a group,
a enn , a inn , ach
separately, singly,
a ma u, each other
(Akkadian)
• ¯ , kathe, each,
every, kathenas,
each, everyone;
every (Greek)
• €ƒ à „…• €ƒÛ,
yurak’anch’yury,
each (Armenian)
~do, each, secili,
each; gjithkush,
kushdo, anyone,
gjithkush, everyone
(Albanian)
quisque,
quaeque
stopadh, to stop,
deireadh a chur, to
cease (Irish)
gus stad a chur air, to
cease, stop (Scott)
stopio, to stop, i roi'r
gorau iddi, to cease,
peidio, peidi, to cease,
stop, desist, refrain,
forbear, remit (Welsh)
fermare, to stop,
cessare, to cease
(Italian)
arr^ter, to s top, cesser,
to stop [<Lat.
to cease (French)
stuppare, to stop
with a tow; Gk,
ra- [B ra-], stop,
stuppe, tow],
cease, give up,
cease, yield
rlune*, stopping,
ceasing (Tocharian)
2-61
tsini/tsinm, to stop,
to finish, to be ready
with, to destroy, to go
to the end, rae, to
stop, reign in, to
overpower (Hittite)
gach, each, ceann acu,
each (Irish)
gach fear, each (Scott)
pob, adj., each, every;
pawb, everyone, all;
popeth, everything
(Welsh)
ciascuno, ogni,
ognuno, each, pron.
(Italian)
chaque, each, every
adj., chacun, pron.,
each (French)
each [<OE •lc],
every, [<OE •fry]
everyone,
everything
2-62
ces, Script
TC327,
AD-1;
cesa, Script
Z1265,
Z1310;
ceso
(CESV),
Script Z489,
TC170,
TC298,
F-13, AG-1,
Q661,
Q692,
Q726,
Q745,
Q847, R661
cesk, Script
N311,
N378,
Q171,
R381, R554,
R581,
R584
h mant-, all, each,
every, homant,
kui+=(i)a, each every,
dapi, adj., each,
every, all, altogether,
kas...kas, each other
(Hittite)
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ta [-], this, that, he,
she, it, aya [aem]fî),
this (Avestan)
in, adj., pron., ¶¹É this,
ân,
that (Persian)
, es, this, these,
, rom, that
(Georgian)
seo, this, iad seo,
these, sin, that (Irish)
seo, this, ead sin,
these, that (Scott)
hwn [m], hon [f], hyn
[n], this; rhain, these,
hynny, that, rheini,
rheiny, those (Welsh)
questo, pron., this one,
questi, queste, pl.,
quello, that (Italian)
ce, m., cet, cette f.,
demonst. adj., this,
these, that (French)
inV(-), pron., that,
ini, ina, this
(Urartian)
andi, andu=that, -lla,
-l, -nna, -n, that,
anV-, that, anni, ani,
annu=, anu=, andi,
andu-, this, anam-,
anammi-, this way,
so (Hurrian)
x
, što,
, heta, this,
that,
, hetyja, these
(Belarusian)
hety, pron. = toj,
this, that (Belarus)
ovaj, this, da, that, ovi,
these (Croatian)
šis, this, šos, those, to, that
annimû, this, the one (Latvian)
in question, annû,
CE TI, this, these, acea,
this, that, agannû,
that (Romanian)
*ann nû, this,
tämä, this, että, that, nämä,
anummû, this, the
aforementioned, allû, these (Finnish-Uralic)
that, the other, agâ,
aga’a, agaja, aga’i,
that, this, ammiu,
amm tu (f.), that,
those, šâš i, that, to
her, the
aforementioned,
šâšu, to him, to her,
that, the
aforementioned, š ,
that, she, the
aforementioned, šua,
m. singl., acc. and
gen. pron., that, the
aforementioned,
šu šu, šu ti, that, to
her, to him, (m., f.,
singl. oblique), the
aforementioned, š t,
m. sing. that, he, the
aforementioned
(Akkadian)
jostoju,
enquiry, quest,
hakim slhyh,
magistrate
(Persian)
adhikRta
adj. placed at the
head, appointed,
superintendent,
magistrate, official;
adhikaraNika,
judge or magistrate.
, edzeben, to
seek for,
,
magistrati, magistrate
(Georgian)
azannu, chief
magistrate of a town,
quarter of a large
city, village or large
estate, mayor,
burgomaster,
headman, lat ku, to
question, to check
measurements,
calculations, to check
€ • , mahistrat,
magistrate, ‚ƒ „…,
šuka†, to seek for
(Belarusian)
sukac, to look for,
seek (Belarus)
tražiti, to seek for, sudac,
magistrate (Croatian)
mekl‡t, to seek for,
tiesnesis, magistrate
(Latvian)
sˆ caute, to seek for,
magistrat, magistrate
(Romanian)
etsiä, to seek for,
poliisituomari, magistrate
(Finnish-Uralic)
, Aftó, this,
aftos, afti, afto,
this; aftoi, aftes,
afta, these (Greek)
, sa e, this, ,
vor, that,
,
Srank’, these
(Armenian)
këta, këto, these,
që, this, that
(Albanian)
hic, haec, hoc
kuc-ne, conj. that,
since (Tocharian)
ka, this (Palaic)
this,[<OE thes],
these, that [<OE
thæt]
2-63
eb /eb ñn /eb ñni,
this (Lycian)
tsa/tsi, this (Luvian)
hura, that (Basque)
cesti, Script
N590,
N676,
N711,
N805,
R248, R439,
R474, R521,
R565,
R584
ebe, k s, ap -, ka,
ko, ki this, kiswant,
this, of this kind,
ap s, ani, that,
apa-as, that he, she,
it, si/oni/ni/ini, that
(one) (Hittite)
‰Š‹Œ•Ž •
• ‘‘‹“”•, apodékti
syllogís, collection
taker, eirinodikis,
Œ–Ž‰• ”•, dikastis,
magistrate; zito,
parakalo, aitisi,
paraklisi, ask,
request (Greek)
— ˜™ › › œ ,
magistratura,
magistrate
(Armenian)
gjyqtar, gjykatës,
anëtar i
magjistratit,
qytetar, magistrate,
zyrtar, official
(Albanian)
quaestor-oris,
magistrate,
quaeso-ere,
to seek for, ask
for
giúistís, magistrate,
chun dul i mbun
cuardaigh, to go in
quest for, fiosrúchán,
inquiry, glacadóir
bailithe,
collection-taker (Irish)
a dhol a dh 'ionnsaigh,
to go in quest for,
magistrate,
ceasnachadh, inquiry
(Scott)
ymholiad-au,
ymofyn-ion,
inquiry; ustus-iaid,
justice, magistrate;
ynad-on, judge,
justice, magistrate,
consul, cymerwr
casglu,
collection-taker
(Welsh)
magistrate [Lat.
magistratus-us]; to
seek
for, ask for; justice
[<Lat. iustitia-ae,
justice, equity
cestor
(CESTVR),
Script R164,
G9
2-64
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on work in progress,
to test, to try, to try
out, to examine
someone’s mood, to
investigate, etc.,
pâru, to inspect, to
check, scrutinize?, to
look for, to search
for, pal su, to
discover, to examine,
to gaze at, to show, to
cause irritation,
preoccupation,
trouble, concern, to
see to, face, to face,
paq du, to inspect,
to count, to
administer a temple,
a country, the world,
etc., to take care of a
house, animals,
people, booty, etc., to
provide a person with
food, to appoint a
person to an office, to
assign a person to a
task, etc., to count, to
administer a temple,
a country, the world,
etc., to appoint a
person to an office,
to assign a person to
a task , daj lu, in
rab daj li, inspector
chief, (Akkadian)
€ € ‚£ „…, sastupi†, to
cede, ƒ ¤ •
„…, kab
atryma†, to yield
(Belarusian)
uts•jati, to yield, give
paddacca, to
up, surrender; niradh, sepordan,
taslim šodán, Ÿ ¡ ¢ to surrender (Belarus)
to deliver up,
surrender, yield
predati, to cede, do
surrender; guNI, to
nastanka, to yield
(Persian)
submit or
(Croatian)
yield to; labh, labhate
, gamoigho, atk pties, to cede, lai
( ti & lambhate), get,
ieg tu, to yield (Latvian)
to yield,
,
obtain, receive,
pentru a da randament, to
dat’moba, to cede
procure, cede,
yield, sˆ cedeze, to cede,
(Georgian)
surrender, yield;
CEDAU, I, they surrender
samprad , to give
(Romanian)
completely up,
luovuttaa, to cede, väistää,
surrender
to yield (Finnish-Uralic)
inchiesta, inquiry,
magistrato, magistrate
(Italian)
quêter, to go in quest
of, beg; quêteur-oer,
collection-taker,
magistrat, magistrate
(French)
sa(n)h, sa(n)h, to
seek, look for,
investigate, sto clean
(Hittite)
Š‰¥‰¦§¥¨,
parachoro, cede,
grant; paradosi,
paradido,
paradidomai,
surrender (Greek)
© © ª« ª¬,
dadarets’nel, cede
-™®ª¬ œ ¯ — ,
zijelu hamar, yield
(Armenian)
të japin, dorëzoj,
prodhoj, lë, trëgoj,
to yield, për të
lëshuar, to cede
(Albanian)
cedo, cedere,
cessi, cessum
toradh, yield (Irish)
toradh, yield (Scott)
gildio, to yield, forgo,
relinguish; ildio, to
yield; rhoi, rhoddi,
dyro, rhotho, to give,
bestow, yield, confer,
grant, impart, put,
ascribe; ymroddi
(ymroi), to apply
oneself, devote
oneself, yield, resign,
surrender (Welsh)
cedere to cede, yield,
surrender, give in
(Italian)
céder, to give up,
yield, give away
(French)
to go, proceed, to
turn out, happen,
fall to the lot of a
person, retire,
grant, yield
ceto
(CETV),
Script N311,
N378, Q162
2-65
pai, to go (Hittite)
star, stara [-],
strãm, stârãm
(Avestan)
setâre, starh, °±² ³
star (Persian)
,
varskvlavi, star
(Georgian)
´ •ƒ , zorka, star
(Belarusian)
zorka, star
(Belarus)
kakkabu, falling
zvijezda, star (Croatian)
uccasaMzaya,
lauksend, star
standing above (star); star, meteor,
star-shaped object or (Baltic-Sudovian)
tar, star; stR, star
formation, star,
zvaigzne, star (Latvian)
kakkabiš, adv., like a
stea, star (Romanian)
star, kakkab nu,
tähti, star (Finnish-Uralic)
star-like, covered
with stars,
kakkabu,star-shaped
object or formation,
falling star, meteor,
star, kakkabtu, star
symbol, star-shaped
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réalta, star (Irish)
rionnag, star (Scott)
‰• •¥–, astéri, star,
protagonistis,
protaganisto
(Greek)
›µ, astgh
(Armenian)
yll (Albanian)
seren, star (Welsh)
stella, star (Italian)
étoille, star (French)
stella-ae, star
star, [<OE steorra]
Sittar, a star, hast rz,
hster, star, #šittar, a
2-66
star, wanupasdla/i,
star, the morning star,
a comet, a falling star?
(Hittite)
STeLA?
Script K12
(probably L.
stela-ae,
stele)
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ornament,
star-shaped brand,
aba ir nu, name of
a star, lammu, name
of a star and the
nether world
(Akkadian)
mashîm [mashya]
naire, vîra [-] man
(Avestan)
mard, ¶·¸ man, manly,
son of Adam, kas,
kârgar, man, nsan,
¹² º» man, human
being, mankind
(Persian)
, k’atsi, man
(Georgian)
fear, man (Irish)
fear, man (Scott)
dyn-ion, man,
person, fellow, folk,
folks; gwr, man,
husband; (Welsh)
den, man (Breton)
uomo, man (Italian)
homme, man (French)
taršuani, man, 'aš=e,
man, '-s(u)wa, human
being (Urartian
maanava (man)
maanavaH
¿ À Áƒ, Ãalaviek, man
(Belarusian)
Ãovjek, man (Croatian)
ta¼¼e, ta½e, ta“¾, ta¼e,
muzcyna, calaviek, man
man, male,
(Belarus)
taržuwa-ni, man,
covek, cove'cji
person (Hurrian)
mu', man (SerboCroatian)
lullû, man,
lummunu-am lu,
unfortunate man,
atmû r tu, a word
for mankind, niš ,
mankind, human
beings, people,
workmen, soldiers,
inhabitants,
population, subjects
of a king, serfs,
retainers belonging to
an estate, etc.,
abr tu, epâti,
mankind, am l tu,
mankind, the human
species, human
being, people,
somebody, anybody,
mit artu, mankind,
totality, square (as a
geometric term), side
of a square, d tu,
manliness, virility,
e liš, adv., manly,
mankind, bibu,
mankind (lit.
noisemaker)
(Akkadian)
mÄÅczyzna, man (Polish)
zmane, man (Baltic
Sudovian)
cilv‡ks, man (Latvian)
om, man (Romanian)
mies, man (FinnishUralic)
Ð À´ , žalieza, iron,
•‚Ñ , rudy, ore, ÂÑ´…,
miedÒ, copper, ¤• Ó´ ,
loha or laua, iron
bronza, bronze, Á À Á ,
metal, karaÉ, ore,
volava, tin (Belarusian)
dh tu , ore, a metal, ayanghaênaca
zaleza, iron (Belarus)
ayasaH,
[ayanghaêna], iron
željezo, iron, ruda, ore,
kuÊË, wrought iron,
(Avestan)
bakar, copper, bronza,
t mram, copper,
âhah, ÌÍ» iron, âhan,
bronze, kositar, tin
ram, bronze,
otu [n], otu kasidan,
raÈgam, vaÈgam, tin to make iron, ma'den, (Croatian)
gvo"zdje, pegla, iron
¹Îϸ ore, mine,
30 of 31
ÆÇŒ¥‰•, andras,
man (Greek)
— ©, mard, man
(Armenian)
burrëri, nuerëzim,
mankind
(Albanian)
homo-inis,
vir, viri, man,
grown man
oÈk [B eÈkwe], man,
oñi (adj.uni) [cf. B
eÈkwaññe], human
(Tocharian)
meri mireñ, man, a
warrior? (Lycian)
antuwahhas, human
being, person,
LÚ, man, LÚ.U».LU,
person, antuhsas,
man, human being,
ndohs/nduahas,
person, human being
(Hittite)
man [<OE],
werewolf, a
person believed
capable of
assuming the form
of a wolf, [<OE
werewulf] see
man (were) viri
above
omne
(VMNE)
Script J9-8
2-67
•ÔŒÕ¥‹, sidero, iron,
ÖÕ Æ‘‘Õ Ö‰,
metállevma, ore,
¦‰‘Ž •, chalkós,
copper, ÖŠ¥‹×Ç Ø‹•,
broúntzos, bronze,
Ž‰••Ô Õ¥‹•,
kassíteros, tin
(Greek)
ª Ù Ú, yerkat’ ,
iron, ¯
,
ferrum-i, iron
raudis-i, copper
coin, aes, aeris,
copper, bronze,
money, aeneus,
aenus, adj., of
bronze,
stannum-i, alloy
of silver and
lead, tin,
plumbum
album, tin
iarann, iron, méine,
ore, copar, copper,
cré-umha, bronze,
stáin, tin (Irish)
iarann, iron, mèinn,
ore, copar, copper,
umha, bronze, staoin,
tin (Scott)
hearn (heyrn-au), iron,
mwyn, ore copr,
copper, efydd, bronze,
iron [<OE isern],
bronze [<Ital.
bronzo], copper,
[<Lat. Cyprium
(aes)], ore, [<OE
öra], tin [<OE]
x
2-68
8/21/2019 9:53 AM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases with Ind...
31 of 31
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tun, tin (Welsh)
ferro, iron, minerale,
ore, rame, copper,
bronzo, bronze,
lattina, tin (Italian)
fer, iron, sword,
minerai, ore, cuivre,
copper, bronze,
bronze, étain, tin
(French)
fierro, iron, mineral,
ore, cobre, copper,
bronce, bronze,
estaño, tin (Spanish)
mineral, mes, Û¸
copper, bronz, ܺ·Ý
bronze, qal', Þ¡ß tin
(Persian)
, rkinis, iron,
,
sp’ilendzi, copper,
, brinjao,
bronze, €
, kila,
tin (Georgian)
hadid, ÎàÎå iron,
khama, 縲ì ore,
nahas, ï²ðº copper,
barunz, ܺò·Ý bronze,
qasdayr, ·àÎôß tin
(Arabic)
urudu, copper-2nd
Mill., aruta,
copper-3rd Mill.
(Sumerian)
parzillu, iron, iron
stone, stone or bead,
parzillu, to smelt
iron, iron smelting,
parzillu, in ša
parzilli, ironsmith,
*la šu, iron object,
ahuš’u, poetic
expression of copper,
erû, copper, gû,
bronze, annakum
anu, tin, maz ru, a
kind of tin
(Akkadian)
(Serbo-Croatian)
Åelazo, iron, Ruda, ore,
miedÒ, copper, brõzowy,
bronze, cyna, tin (Polish)
dzelzs, iron, r das, ore,
vara, copper, bronza,
bronze, alva, tin (Latvian)
fier, iron, minereu, ore,
cupru, copper, bronz,
bronze, staniu, tin
(Romanian)
rauta- , iron, malmi, ore,
kupari-, copper, pronssi,
bronze, tina, tin (FinnishUralic)
burdin, iron, mea, ore,
kobrea, copper,
brontzezko, bronze,
lata, tin (Basque)
Eisen, iron, Erz, ore,
Kupfer, copper,
Bronze-, bronze, Zinn,
tin (German)
aruz, ore (OHGerman)
hank’ak’ar, ore,
÷µ™ ø, pghindz,
copper, ù
-ª,
bronze, bronze,
˜, anag, tin
(Armenian)
hekur, iron, mineral,
ore, bakër, copper,
bronz, bronze,
kallaj, tin
(Albanian)
Demir, iron, cevher,
ore, bakûr, copper,
bronz, bronze, teneke,
tin (Turkish)
baqür, copper coins
(Uyghur)
Lýkhaþÿa,
,
iron, !r‡,
, ore,
Kýpara,
, copper,
K nsya,
,
bronze, Tina,
tin
(Gujarati)
añcw $i (adj.), ancu,
[B incuwo], iron,
kÊ ñ, [B kuÊ ne*]
copper coins
(Tocharian)
dnkuli, adj., tin
(Hittite)
dantaH, tooth
´‚¤, zub, tooth
(Belarusian)
zub, tooth (Belarus)
zub, zubac tooth (Serbodandân, ¹»Îº¶ tooth
Croatian)
(Persian)
zub, tooth, (Croatian)
, kbilis, tooth
zobs, tooth (Latvian)
(Georgian)
dantis, tooth (BalticSudovian)
gi i u, toothgnashing (Akkadian) dinte, tooth (Romanian)
hammas, tooth (FinnishUralic)
Œ Ç –,dónti, tooth
(Greek)
› —%, atamy,
tooth (Armenian)
dhëmb, tooth
(Albanian)
dens, dentis
fiacail, tooth (Irish)
fiacaill, tooth, deud
the teeth (Scott)
dant (daint), dannedd,
tooth, fang (Welsh)
dente, tooth (Italian)
dent, tooth (French)
kam, [B keme], tooth
(Tocharian)
tooth [<OE toth]
2-69
tenta, tento
(TENTV)?
Script
Q283,
Q360,
Q369,
Q713,
Q813,
Q863,
R394, R521
8/21/2019 9:53 AM
Notes to Indo-European Table 1, Part 2
* Some Hittite words from www.utexas.edu.; Most of the Hittite vocabulary is adapted from Lia Pena,
https://www.academia.edu/35508624/Hittite_English_Dictionary.docx. uploaded 3.06.18 ; Hittite words with #, from:
https://thevore.com/hittite/ (1/30.19)
Avestan words from: http://www.avesta.org/avdict/avdict.htm#dctc
Tocharian words were obtained through various online sources; however, we owe thanks to the following for
enabling new additions in our current edition>: a dictionary recently uploaded to academia.edu: A Dictionary and
Thesaurus of Tocharian A Vol 1: Letters a-j, By Gerd Carling In collaboration with Georges-Jean Pinault and Werner
Winter.
Persian words are developed between a Farsi-English Dictionary (paperback) and https://glosbe.com/en/fa.
Google Translation was used for most other language translations except Latin, French, Italian paperback dictionaries
which augmented Google translations.
(1) from: http://www.verbix.com/documents/etruscan/dravidian.htm#intr; regarding the word,
capra:
"Only the finding of the true source of Etruscan can definitively settle the vexing problem of which textual
words are actually members of that tongue or are borrowings from other tongues or wrongly ascribed to it by
the authorities whence they were extracted. For instance, Herodotus affirms that the word kapra ("goat") is
Etruscan, though it is now known to be the Latin capra for sure. How many errors such as this actually affect
the many words assumed to be Etruscan by the ancient Classical authors? And these are by far the majority
of words included in the more extensive "Etruscan" glossaries, which often fail to explicitly mention this
controversial, unreliable origin."
(2) Twigs are an important part of the 650 pages of hymns of the Rig Veda, since it is by means of two sticks
that the ancient sages of the Rig Veda were able to make their fire (as well as the fire within their homes).
Agni, the god of fire, is the central figure of the Rig Veda. The fire is considered the messenger of men and
gods (like the Greek god Hermes). But unlike Hermes Agni was self-begotten, since it had been observed that
lightning, a form of Agni, is self-begotten. Connected to fire is the sun, the god Sura, and the dawn, the
goddess Usas. A form of the sun god is Mitra (Persian, Mithra). Associated with the lightning was thunder,
which was the weapon of the supreme god, Indra (who was like the Greek god Zeus, Roman god Jupiter,
Etruscan god Tinia). Worship, or sacrifice, was conducted three times a day: dawn, noon, and sunset. From
the weight of the hymns in the Rig Veda the dawn ceremony was no doubt the most important, setting the
appeal for the coming day's wealth. The dawn ceremony for the Etruscans was no doubt the most important
with respect to the augurs, as seen in the Divine_Mirror.html. Wealth in cattle, children, and booty from
raids was the predominate thing for which the Aryan people prayed, arranged in a circle:
(Rig Veda Book VIII.86)
11. Bards joined in song to Indra so that he
might drink the Soma juice,
The Lord of Light, that he whose laws
stand fast might aid with power and
with the help he gives
12. The holy sages form a ring, looking and
singing to the Ram [Indra]
Inciters, full of vigour, not to be deceived,
are with the chanters, nigh to hear.
According to the Rig Veda the [original] Hindu pantheon includes 33 gods. The location of the initial five
tribes invading the Indus region of ancient India, now Eastern Pakistan and Western India, initially included
the upper reaches of the river Sarasvati. The river was a supreme goddess in her own right. The drainage
basin of the Sarasvati is now desert and an area of the Harappan civilization. The Sarasvati can be viewed by
a satellite photograph as a dry river bed system. It reaches from the Punjab, east of the Sutlej river
(mentioned in the Rig Veda), toward the Gulf of Kutch on the Arabian Sea. The people that attacked the cities
of this area (some forts had "metal," Sanskrit, "ayas," walls), fighting for booty in terms of cattle, horses,
slaves and gold, were Indo-Europeans. Because of the time in which they were conducting their cattle raids,
what is recorded in the Rig Veda may have a bearing upon Etruscan practices. The frequent use of the word,
"ayas," which could mean "copper / bronze" or "iron" according to Vedic scholars, suggests that the
invaders were Iron Age people, dating more into the period 1,200 B.C. to 850 B.C., making them
contemporaries of the Etruscans and other Iron Age peoples who during that period were migrating.
Currently scholars believe that the Rig Veda was from a period of time ~ 1,500 B.C., and some argue that the
speakers of Sanskrit originated in India and migrated eastward and westward. However, this theory is
controverted by the Rig Veda, the oldest Sanskrit document, which shows an evolving tradition, initially
focused on cattle raids on the order of the Irish epic, T'ain Bo Cuailange, and the attempts to defend
themselves against the brown-skinned peoples of the region. A frequent ephitet of Indra describes him as
"fair-skinned," contrasting him and his Aryans with the brown-skinned, godless indiginous peoples of the
Sarasvati region. What determined whether one was godless was whether the people practiced a ritual
centered in what can be called a "Banquet of the Gods." The banquet included the offering of cows, horses
and a juice called Soma. The cattle being offered at the three banquets of the gods were tied to a pillar or
stake called the Vanaspati (Rig Veda IX.V. 10). The ritual included the purification of the Vanaspati with
Soma. This is what the Encyclopaedia Britaninica says about Soma:
"Soma, in ancient Indian cult worship, an unidentified plant, the juice of which was a fundamental offering of
the Vedic sacrifices. The stalks of the plant were pressed between stones, and the juice was filtered through
sheep's wool and then mixed with water and milk. After first being offered as a libation to the gods, the
remainder of the soma was consumed by the priests and the sacrificer. It was highly valued for its
exhilarating, probably hallucinogenic, effect. The personified deity Soma was the master of plants, the
healer of disease, and the bestower of riches.
The soma cult exhibits a number of similarities to the corresponding haoma cult of the ancient Iranians and is
suggestive of shared beliefs among the ancient Indo-Europeans in a kind of elixir of the gods. Like haoma, the
soma plant grows in the mountains, but its true origin is believed to be heaven, whence it was brought to
earth by an eagle. The pressing of soma was associated with the fertilizing rain, which makes possible all life
and growth."
Soma was a golden-brown color, probably made from hemp, and in the rite around a circular fire altar was
strewn carefully cut grass (possibly hemp). The juice was pressed between two rocks into a large wooden vat
and from the vat, called a dronakalasa, the Soma which may have been fermented, since the Rig Veda refers
to it expanding or growing was poured from pitchers through a woolen cloth, called a strainer, and the pure
fluid was then mixed with milk. At some point the Soma is mixed with water, honey, barley and curds and
lastly milk. The text refers to Soma as "meath" (mead), and most of the instructions for making it are in the
Rig Veda Book IX, Ralph T. H Griffith's translation. Bits of the process are scattered throughout the Rig
Veda.
Those who were godless did not participate in the Soma rite. However, as one gets deeper into the Rig Veda,
one can see the five tribes of Aryans becoming more settled, to the extent that their hymns focused on getting
protection of the gods against internicine warfare. Early in the Rig Veda it is clear that a barbarian is not
favored by the gods. But then, in Book VIII the priests (Brahmins) sing about issues involving battles between
Soma worshippers. Who is more favored? The most favored would be those who are more generous with
their offerings. The more cattle you offer the more the gods give you. The gods frown on the niggardly. And
of course a niggardly offering would not be well received from the priests who lived off of the offrings.
Indra is always available to defend the sincere worshipper from his chariot, driven by two bay steeds. He is
the defender of herds, like Cúchulainn, the Celtic hero of the great cattle-raid, the T'ain Bo Cuailange. Like
Cúchulainn, Indra and other Hindu gods have the ability to morph, but Cúchulainn did have some
interesting feats that stretched the imagination a bit more than Indra did, in my opinion. Indra the dragon
killer shares a heritage seen in other Indo-European heroes, such as the German Siegfried and English
Beowolf.
Drinking mead is part of an old Indo-European ritual and the mead, an alcoholic beverage fermented with
honey and water, certainly aquired more than an alcoholic kick to it in India (probably containing in its brew
marijuana from the hemp). Barley was probably the main grain from which mead was made, as was the case
with Soma. The ritual represented in Etruscan banquet scenes is probably mead made out of wine, perhaps
like the later Roman mulsum, or mulse.
Within the Etruscan banquet scenes are icons such as an altar, the passing of a small stick or wand, offering
an egg, and the depiction of horses, and it may be that bay or red colored horses are the choice of the
Etruscan riders in the afterlife. The blue-grey colors, as in Hindu pictures, deal with death, the otherworld,
Erebus. Unlike the view of the Rig Veda, of praying for long-life not addressing a world after death the
Etruscans focused completely on the 'hereafter," more on the same level as the Egyptians, as can be seen in
their murals.
Please beam me back to Indo-European_Table 1
Please beam me back to Etruscan_Phrases
Launched 12.14.03
Updated: 12.22.03, 12.29.03; 1.01.04; 1.03.04; 1.04.04; 1.18.04; 2.07.04; 2.29.04; 3.04.04; 3.06.04; 3.07.04;
3.11.04; 3.15.04; 3.21.04; 3.23.04, 3.30.04; 4.02.04; 4.07.04, 4.08.04; 4.14.04; 4.15.04; 4.26.04;5.03.04; 5.16.04;
6.18.04; 7.12.04; 8.11.04; 9.20.04; 5.14.05; 2.23.06; 5.11.06; 5.28.06; 7.14.06; 9.16.11; 11.17.17; 11.20.17;
11.21.17, 11.22.17, 12.28.17, 12.29.17; 01.01.18; 1.05.18, 1.11.18; 9.14.18, 2.15.19; 2.22.19; 8.21.19
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
1 of 44
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02.01.19 Etruscan Phrases – Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE):
Etruscan_Phrases
Indo-European Table 1, Part 3
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
This table has Indo-European, Hurrian, Georgian (Kartlevian), Latvian (Baltic),
Finnish (Uralic), Akkadian selections. We have colored words that may be related
among the various languages/families. The coloring provides an unusual view of
the mix of the cited languages.
T a bl e 1 I n d e x
(Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table 1)
Table 1, Section 1A.1: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.
Sanskrit
s didantamo,
bh tam, confusion,
disorder
Slavic, Baltic,
Romanian
Avestan & Persian
âšub,
chaos,
anarchy, trouble,
revolt (Persian)
, k’aosi,
chaos (Georgian)
x
x
x
x
, chaos
(Belarusian)
haos, chaos
(Croatian)
Greek & Albanian
V, cháos, Chaos
(Greek)
, k’aos, chaos
(Armenian)
kaos, chaos (Albanian)
Latin
Chaos
other
anord, chaos (Irish)
chaos, chaos (Scott)
anhrefn, chaos (Welsh)
caos, chaos (Italian)
chaos, chaos (French)
x
Etruscan
the empty
void, Chaos
CEOS (CE S),
Script Z657
3-1
CHYUS (¯YFS),
J17-1
Chaos, Chaos
(Pikusg)
haoss, chaos
(Latvian)
haos, chaos
(Romanian)
kaaos, chaos
(Finnish)
x
v
This
x
Caius (Gaius)
x
Caius (Gaius), CHAES, ( AES)
common
Script J38-6
Roman name
3-2
x
x
x
Chaina, place
name, Chiana
alley
3-3
x
Calchas, seer CHALCHAS
who
(¯ALKAS), Script
prophesied for CH-1
Agamemnon
against Troy
3-4
x
x
English
x
V, Chalkás
V
CHAINA
(¯AINA), Script
AB-6;
CHIANE (¯IANE)
TC190
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
v
kas
ci- who? what?
which? anyone,
someone, whoever,
whatever, kem,
whom, ka, kahe,
who, kva, where,
which, how, cîm,
who? what?
which? (indef.
pron.) anyone,
someone,
whoever,
whatever, ýa[-]
(rel. pron.) who,
which, ýat [ya]
who, which, that,
(conj.) when; as
ýatha [-] (conj.)
as; when; that;
than; ýatha ...
ýatha either - or
... ýathaca (conj.)
aêsha [aêta],
aêshô-> this, that
(Avestan)
ky,
e,
who,
what,
, chto, who, €•‚,
jaki, which, ƒ , što,
that, what
(Belarusian)
chto, who;
cyj, pron. whose;
to, pron., what
heta, pron., it,
that; hety, pron. = toj,
this, that
(Belarus)
tko, who, koji, which,
da, that, što, what
(Croatian)
kto, who, który,
which (Polish)
kurš, who, kas,
which, what, ka, that
(Latvian)
care, who, which, ce,
what, that, which,
acea, that, CE„TI,
this, these, ci, but, or
(Romanian)
kuka, who, mitä,
what, joka, which,
että, that
x
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
x
x
Chaneri, name CHANERI
3-5
(¯ANERI) Script
BS-17, P14
Charon-ontis
x
Charon,
ferryman of
Hades
3-6
CHARON
(¯AR N), Script,
BC-1, A-2
x
x
x
Chasun, name
3-7
CHASUN
(¯ASFN) Script
J35-9
… † V, o opoíos, who,
which, to opoion, whom,
what, poia, poio, what ‡ˆ,
ti, what, ó‡ˆ, óti, that
(Greek)
‰, ov, who, Š‹Œ, inch’,
what, •Ž, vory, which,
•, vor, that (Armenian)
cilit, cilin, kë, kujt,
whom, kush, who, i cili,
që, that, which, cilin,
whom; cfarë, what,
përvec se, except that
(Albanian)
quis, who? what,
which? anyone,
anybody,
anything, how
much, how many,
quid, qui, quae,
quod, who; qui,
which, what, in
what manner?
how?, qua, by
which way, where,
whereby, as far as,
some, quo, where?
to what place? in
order that;
because, whereby,
quae, quod, the
fact that, whereas,
because, why, on
which account,
since, as far as,
and, but now...
qui, quae or quod,
rel. pron. that
a, who,, which, cad, what,
sin, that (Irish)
cò, who, dè, which, what,
sin, that (Scott)
pwy, who, sydd, which,
hynny, that, beth, what
(Welsh)
chi, who, quale, which, che
cosa, what, quella, that,
questo, this (Italian)
qui, who, some, lequel,
which, quelle, what, cette,
that (French)
who, which,
what, that:
some
, Cháaron
3-8
CHIS (¯IS), Script
Z87, Z108, Z255,
Z300, Z369, Z396,
Z880, Z953,
Z1053, AL-16,
BD-5 "which"
kus (pron.inter.) [B kuse],
who, what, kus-ne who,
which, (pron.rel.)
(Tocharian)
ci, Script Z290,
Z1282, Z1310,
Z1438, Z1654,
TC327, K132,
AJ-16, R118, Au42
kui, who, what (Palaic)
ki, who, what (Lydian)
ti, who, which (Lycian)
KI, Script Z1161,
M78, X119, CP49
Ki, Script Q21,
M13, M74, G-8,
R-2, R16, R115,
R170, XA-10,
XA-23, XB-23
kui-, kue/kua that, which,
who, what, kuit, what, kuis,
who, kuisa, whoever, k ,
ke, as, which,
who, whom, what,
that, kudom,
which, un,
that,
that thing (Persian)
CHE (¯E), Script
Au10, "what"
CHI (¯i), Script
Z29, Z489, Z665,
Z709, J11, M74,
AE-7, AN-59, R13,
R115, R164, G9,
"who"
here (Hittite)
, vin, who,
,
romelits’, which,
, ra, what,
,
rom, that,
(Georgian)
au=nni, what,
an -, man=,
man=e, -lla, -l, -ne,
-nna, -n, that, a/e-,
ije-, ija- inna-,
innu- what, andi,
andu- annam,
annami, this, ave-,
abe-, ave-, aFe-,
who (Hurrian)
mija, minu,
who?, ajû, jû,
aj tu, who, which,
what, ja’u, which
(Akkadian)
kuJcikA, kuñcik ,
talika, a key
kelid, ••‘ key,
hangâm, (Persian)
,
gasaghebi, key
Georgian)
•”•–, kliu—, key
(Belarusian)
kluc, key (Belarus)
klju—, key (Croatian
klawisz, key (Polish)
atsl“ga, key (Latvian)
namzaqu, key,
napt“tu, key, small cheie, key
(Romanian)
saw (Akkadian)
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( ˜ˆ™†, kleidi, key
(Greek)
› ‹ œŠ,
banali, key (Armenian)
celës, key, actuator? kyc;
key, kyc, për të çelur,
mbyll, to key (Albanian)
clavis-is, a key
eochair, key (Irish)
iuchair, key (Scott)
agoriad-au, key, opening, to
open
allwedd-i-au, key, cleff,
legend (Welsh)
chiave, key (Italian)
clé or clef, key (French)
key [<OE
caeg]
3-9
CHIA E (¯IAFE),
Script F-3; Note
3)
See clef below
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
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avain, key (FinnishUralic)
hvayati, call, to
address by a
particular name,
n mn , to call by
name,
ª«•”‚•, vyklik, call,
¬ -«ª ®° ± ‚²³¬‚,
nazyva´ pa imieni, to
call by name,
(Avestan)
±³µ ¶ ®‚ · , pierajsci
da, to move, ²¸
nâmidan, ••žŸ to ƒ , tamu što,
c layati, to move,
call, designate,
because (Belarusian)
caks, caSTe, cakSate
name, t¡ryk
poziv, call, nazvati po
(ti),
kardan, ¢£¤¥¦
to see, look at,
§¤ to incite, call imenu, to call by
name, pozvati, to
consider, announce,
forth, stir up,
summon, za kretanje,
declare, tell, say
harakat kardán,
to move, jer, because
§¤ ¨ ¤© to
behold, view, call by
move, be in
(Croatian)
name, name, explain,
izsaukums, call, lai
cause to appear; ketay, motion, travel,
zyra,
shoot,
stir,
izsauktu p“c
-yati, summon, invite;
because (Persian) nosaukuma, to call by
pray ti, to move
forward, advance,
name, izsaukt, to
,
utkli•, to feel uneasy ,
summon,
dakarga,
call,
be uncomfortable or
p rvietoties, to move,
distressed
jo, because (Latvian)
kle•ayati to excite, stir
,
chem, call, I call by
up: dhu, to stir,
movutsodebt’
the name, pentru a
agitate; cyu, cyavate
sakhelit’, to call by apela dup¹ nume, to
(-ti), to
name,
call by name,s¹
move, stir, waver,
,
cheme, to summon,
shake,
escape, flow, vanish,
gamodzakheba, to s¹ se miºte, to
pour out, loosen, drop summon,
move,deoarece,
down,
because (Romanian)
,
follow, iti, hi, because
puhelu, call, soittaa
modzraoba, to
nimellä, to call by
move,
,
name, kutsua, to
radgan, because
summon, liikkua, to
(Georgian)
move, koska, because
(Finnish-Uralic)
nabû, to call a
person (to exercise
a function), to
summon, to name,
to give a name, to
be named, to
invoke, appointed,
to appoint a
person to an
office, to decree,
to proclaim, to
command, to
make known, to
count among, to
cause to proclaim,
nabû, adj., called,
nam šu, to move,
to set out, to bring
a lawsuit, to
dispatch, to defect
(to an enemy), to
depart, dal u,
stir up, roil water,
blur eyes, disturb,
embarrass,
denounce,
interfere, confuse,
become troubled,
k m , because,
according to,
instead of, k ma,
because, on
account of, etc.,
aššum, because
of, concerning,
etc., k m,
because, otherwise
(Akkadian)
kapolakalpitam,
Chimera, fancy,
phantom
zî, for, indeed,
because
shymr, Í•
‚²³µ , chimiera
Chimera (Persian) (Belarusian)
,
Himera (Croatian)
k’imera (Georgian)
Chimera, Chimera
(Polish)
himera (Latvian)
himer¹ (Romanian)
kauhukuva (FinnishUralic)
», klísi, call, ¼½
¾¼˜‡˜ ¿˜ ‡ ó ¿ ,
na kalésete me to ónoma,
to call by name,
¾¼˜ˆ, na kalései, to
summon,
¿˜‡ ˆ »¼À, na
metakiníso, to move,
Áˆ ‡†, giatí, because
(Greek)
 Œ, koch’, call,
‹ Ë ‰ Ä ‹Å Æ •Çœ,
anunov zangaharel, to
call by name, kanch’yelu
hamar, to summon,
ÈÇÉ Ê Ë‰Çœ Ã
Æ Ì •,
teghap’vokhvelu hamar,
to move,
‹Š •, k’ani
vor, because (Armenian)
për të thirrur, to call,
summon, për të thirrur
me emër, to call by name
për të lëvizur, to move,
sepse, because
(Albanian)
cieo, ciere, cieam,
to move, stir, call
by name,
summon, ciere,
civi, citum, to
move, stir, excite,
summon, call by
name, name;
quia, because
glaoch, call, glaoch de réir
ainm, to call by name, a
thoghairm, to summon,
chun bogadh, to move, mar
gheall ar, because, (Irish)
air chall, call, gus ainm a
ghairm, to call by name, gus
a ghairm, to summon,
gluasad, to move, seach,
because, (Scott)
collii, call, alw yn ôl enw, to
call by name, i alw, to
summon, i symud, to move,
oherwydd, because, (Welsh)
chiamare: to call, to
summon, chiamare per
nome, richiamo, call by
name, muoversi, to move,
perche, because (Italian)
appeler, to call, appeler par
son nom, to call by name,
parce que, car, because
(French)
move, to stir,
excite,
summon, call
by name, call
[<ON kalla]
CHIEM (¯IEM)
Script Z1099,
Z1097, K66
cia, Script
Z63, Z681, M74,
Q326, Q458;
3-10
k ka- (vb.) [B k k -].) to
call, kenlune*, calling
(Tocharian)
wer, to call, to say (Palaic)
kwisra/i, kwistsa, kuman,
because (Luvian)
kalis/klis, to call,
werhalz i-, halz i-, haliya->
halz i-, haliya->
halzai/halzi, call out, recite,
invite, ueriie/a, wer(ie/a),
ueriianna/ueriianni,
weriana/weriani, to call by
name, plah, palah/palahh,
to call, to summon,
halai/hali, halae, to set in
motion, kuit, because,
(Hittite)
†¿ ˆ , chímaira,
Chimera (Greek)
΋ • , ts’nork’, chimera
(Armenian)
monstër, chimera
(Albanian)
chimaera-ae
Chimera, Chimera (Irish)
Chimera, Chimera (Scott)
Chimera, Chimera (Welsh)
chimera, Chimera(Italian)
chimère (French)
chimera
3-11
CHIMeR (¯IMeR),
Script Z1203,
Z1562
CHIMeRS
(KIMeRS), Script
K120
CHIMeRvM,
Script M47, M80
KIMeR, Script
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Z1203, Z1562,
K131
x
x
x
x
Chiusi
x
kâštan, ÑÒ Ÿ to
plant, seed
•¸”° «ª ª ®°,
kuÓtyvava´, to
cultivate (Belarusian)
kultivirati, to
cultivate (Croatian)
kultiv“t, to cultivate
(Latvian)
a cultiva, to cultivate
(Romanian)
viljellä, to cultivate
(Finnish-Uralic)
ˆ˜ Á»¼˜ˆ,
na kalliergísei, to
cultivate (Greek)
ÌÔ ÂÇœ, mshakel to
cultivate (Armenian)
për të kultivuar, to
cultivate (Albanian)
a chothú, to cultivate (Irish)
colo, colere, Indic. gus àiteach, to cultivate
Fut. 3rd pers.
(Scott)
singl. colet; colis
i feithrin, to cultivate
(Ind . Pres.
(Welsh)
Second Pers.
coltivare, to cultivate
Single: you
(Italian)
cultivate),
cultiver, to cultivate (French)
collis-is, hill, high
ground
x
x
x
x
Ùµ® , serca, heart
(Belarusian)
srce, heart (Croatian)
™ˆ , kardiá, heart
(Greek)
Š•ÈŽ, sirty, heart
(Armenian)
zemër, heart (Albanian)
cor, cordis
croí, heart (Irish)
cridhe, heart (Scott)
calon, heart (Welsh)
cuore, heart (Italian)
cÚur, heart (French)
Chiusi, town
CHISO (CHIS ),
near Lake
J41-3
Trasimino and
Perugia Ï
possibly
Chiusa
(Klausen, S.
Tyrol)
3-12
(Persian)
,
gasheneba, to
cultivate
(Georgian)
kÐetram, to cultivate,
karÐati, to plow
a mountain , hill ,
rock , elevation ,
rising-ground
x
ašbu, inhabited,
ep šu, to
cultivate,
manufacture, to
practice
witchcraft, treat
person or thing,
build, construct,
perform a
divination, a
ritual, to plant,
permit (said of
gods), to proceed,
act, to act, be
active, is,
happens, er šu, to
cultivate,
to put under
cultivation, seed
with a seeder
plow, plant a field,
etc., to be seeded,
planted, m rešu,
cultivated land,
cultivation
(Akkadian)
x
inhabit,
cultivate
(word is used
in context of
to cultivate,
inhabit
cHOLCHOLE
(¯ LE) Script
K194
CHOLIS (¯ LIS),
Script BC-2
3-13
CHOLeRE
(¯ LeRE), Script
K64
unknown
word
CHON (¯ N),
Script BC-2
3-14
hÕdayam, the heart
ghalb, Ö‘× heart
(Persian)
,
guli, heart
(Georgian)
tiØ-a, tiØ-ni, tiØa,
tiØ-na, tiša, heart,
ištani, heart,
inside, middle
(Hurrian)
libbu, heart, (also
bud, offshoot, leaf,
trunk) of the date
palm, abdomen,
entrails, womb,
inside (or inner
part) of a
building, a type
of document, etc.,
mind, thought,
intention, courage,
wish, desire,
choice, etc., (prep.
in, among, from,
belonging to, like,
instead of,
according to),
(adv., therefore,
therein, therefrom,
etc.), nup ru,
heart, mood
(Akkadian)
serce, heart (Polish)
sirds, heart (Latvian)
inim¹, heart
(Romanian)
sydän, heart (FinnishUralic)
heart, mind
[<OE heorte]
CHOR (¯ R)
J32-2
3-15
riñc [B arañce], heart
(Tocharian)
kart, heart (Palaic)
tsart, tsart(i), heart (Luvian)
kir, heart, ker/krd(i), heart,
center, core, SÛ, heart,
innards, (Hittite)
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
vi•iÐÜa, ÐÜ = choice
sam payati, to
conclude, finish,
anta¡, end, extreme
point
entekhâb, ŸÝÒ
choice, selection,
alternative, adopt,
âxer, ¤Þ end,
final, terminous,
ultimate (Persian)
,
arch’evani, choice,
,
dasasruli, end
(Georgian)
ª«ß µ, vybar, choice,
• ¬³®, kaniec, end
(Belarusian)
izbor, choice, kraj,
end (Croatian)
wybór, choice,
koniec, end (Polish)
izv“le, choice, beigas,
end (Latvian)
alegere, choice,
Sfârºit, end
(Romanian)
libbu, choice,
valinta, choice, pää,
desire, wish,
intention, courage, end (Finnish-Uralic)
thought, mind,
preference, womb,
heart, etc.
nagmaru, end,
completion,
gam ru, end,
finality,
completeness, etc.,
appu, end, rim,
edge, causeway,
nose, tip, crown,
spur of land
(Akkadian)
adman, food; azitra,
food; aza, food; kSu,
food, ghasi, food;
rabdhA, food,
godh ma¡,
wheat, yava¡, barley,
dh nyam, grain, corn,
v jam, seed, h ra¡ v.
Food, nourishment
hvaretha [-]. food,
ýava, barley, corn,
grain, the staff of
life, grain; [ýavan]
(Avestan)
xorâk, food; xorâk,
parvares, parvâr,
nourishment
(Persian)
, sak’vebi,
food,
, keri,
barley,
,
khorbali, wheat,
,
martsvleuli, grain
(Georgian)
putannatu
µ– ª ¬¬³,
char—avannie, food
(Belarusian) jeza,
food
(Belarus)
hrana, food
(Croatian)
“diens, food, kvieši,
wheat, mieØi, barley
(Latvian)
alimente, food, grâu,
wheat, orz, barley
(Romanian)
ruoka, food, vehnä,
wheat, ohra, barley
(Finnish-Uralic)
¬ ö• , noØka, leg,
ß µ ¬ ª €¬ ÷ ,
jaõgh , leg (of
baranovaja naha, leg
animals)
of lamb (Belarusian)
pAda, foot, leg, foot as
naha, leg
a measure, column,
(Belarus)
pillar, ray, beam;
Janje´a noga, leg of
zAkhA, branch, limb,
bâzvô [bâzû) limb, lamb, noga, leg
arm, leg, finger,
arm, foreleg
(Croatian)
ramification,
(Avestan)
bheÐa• va¡, lamb
k ju, leg, j“ra, lamb,
pâ, pâye, leg
j“ra gaita, leg of
(Persian)
lamb--the course,
, p’ekhi,
gaita, of lamb
,
(Latvian)
leg, ts’khvris
picior, leg, pulp¹ de
p’ekhi, leg of
miel, leg of lamb,
lamb, (p’ekhi =
miel, lamb
leg)
,
(Romanian)
ts’khvari, sheep,
jalka, leg, karitsan
, tskhvris, jalka, leg of lamb
lamb (Georgian)
(Finnish-Uralic)
˜…ˆ Á», epilogí,
choice, ‡¾ V, télos, end
(Greek)
Ž‹È• Ããå Ë,
yntrut’yun, choice, ‰Ç•æ,
verj, end (Armenian)
zgjedhje, choice, fund,
end (Albanian)
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
finis, end
arbitrium, choice
rogha, choice, deireadh, end
(Irish)
roghainn, choice, deireadh,
end (Scott)
dewis, choice, diwedd, end
(Welsh)
scelta, choice, fine, end,
chiusa, end, close (Italian)
choix, choice, fin, end;
(French)
choice [<OFr.
choisir, to
choose], end
[<OE ende]?
3-16
(3-17 deleted)
kri, choice, will, k [B ke],
end (Tocharian)
appa/appi, appae, appiie/a,
to be finished, tsini/tsin,
zinna/zinn,
zinnizzi/zinnanzi, to finish,
trup, to be finished, to plaid
together, to unite, collect;
(midd.) to collect oneself
(Hittite)
trefo, trefomai,
trofi, feed, ¼ˆ‡ ˆ, sitári,
wheat, ˆì ˆ, krithári,
barley (Greek)
‹‹ï ÌãÇ• ,
snndamt’yerk’, food,
Î •Ç‹Ž, ts’voreny,wheat,
Å •Š, gari, barley
(Armenian)
haje, provender, ushqim,
food, artikuj ushqimor,
tëngrëna, food;
mbaj gjallë, ushqej, to
nourish, grurë, wheat,
elb, barley
(Albanian)
…ó™ˆ, podi, leg,
ˆ ø,
pódi arnioú, leg of lamb
(Greek)
È Ž, votk’y, leg,
Å ù ‹ È Ž, garran
votk’y, leg of lamb
(votk’y = leg)
(Armenian)
këmbë, këmbëz,
leg, këmbën e qengjit,
(lamb) leg of lamb
(Albanian)
cibus-i, food,
pascare, to
feed, triticum,
wheat, hordei
ventilat, barley
grano, grain
bia, food, eorna, barley,
gráin, grain (Irish)
biadh, food, eòrna, barley,
gràn, grain (Scott)
bwyd -dd, food; haidd,
barley, gwenith, wheat,
ymborth food,
board, diet, fare,
provisions, grawn, grain
(Welsh):
cibo, food; cibare, to feed to
take precaution caution,
grano, wheat, orzo, barley
(Italian)
nourrir, to feed;
nourriture alimen, food, blé,
wheat, orge, barley, grain,
grain (French)
food [<OE
foda],
fodder [<OE
fodor],
nourishment
[<Lat.
nutrio-ire]
grain
CHUAS (¯FAS),
Script K156;
context: SPE
LANE RI;
OL M (8 L M)
CHUAS FELaRI;
RINERI EST AC
FEL RINA
ACIL NE; "by the
hope, expectations,
of wool things of
the volume, the
choice or the end
of the Felari (town,
people?), Rineri
she is, indeed, the
great northern
queen"
ciba, civa (CIFA),
Script, Z648;
cibas, civas
(CIFAS),
Script AN58
3-18
ZðZ, wheat, halki-, grain,
barley (Hittite)
cos na uan, leg of lamb
(Irish)
cicur-uris, tame;
cas uain, leg of lamb (Scott)
crus, cruris, the
coes-au, leg, shank, coes
shin, shin bone,
oen, leg of lamb (Welsh)
leg; crus agni, leg zampa, leg, zampa di
of lamb,
agnello, leg of lamb, piede,
pes, pedis, the foot foot (Italian)
gigot, gigot d'agneau, leg of
lamb; jambe, leg, shank,
pied, foot, leg (French)
leg of lamb?
tame?
3-19
kikoi, kikui,
(KIK I),
Script M78,
probably leg, gigot,
gengiit, gaita.
egdu, leg, patas, foot,
SILAü, lamb (Hittite)
*gudgudu,
kursinnu, lower
leg of animals and
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human beings,
fetlock, kablu, leg
of furniture,
puridu , leg, a
three-cubit
measure
(Akkadian)
ka•cit, any
cîm, (interrogative
pron.) - who?
what? which?
(indef. pron.)
anyone, someone,
whoever,
whatever, kasi,
anyone; har ciz,
har kâr, anything
(Persian)
,
qvelap’eri,
anything,
,
raghats’,
something
(Georgian)
mimmû,
anything,
everything,
concerns, portion,
share, something,
somebody,
ammannâ,
anybody
(Akkadian)
nabhastalam, dyau¡,
heaven, abhidyu,
tending toward
heaven, heavenly,
bright, di•, of the sky
tvar, tvarate (-ti, to
hasten, hurry,
accelerate, snatch
away; • ghrag m,
swift, codati, -te, to
impel, incite, urge,
hasten, speed,
procure,
request, command,
marman, quick
-¬³ß¸·-°,
chto-niebudþ,
anyone, ¬³ƒ ,
niešta, something
(Belarusian)
niejki, pron.
anyone, certain
(Belarus)
bilo tko, anyone,
nešto, something,
anything (Croatian)
k ds, anyone, kaut
kas, something,
anything (Latvian)
oricine, anyone,
orice, something,
CE A, something
(Romanian)
mitään, anything,
jotain, something
(Finnish-Uralic)
asma, asman [-]
¬³ß , nieba, sky,
the sky, the
heaven (Belarusian)
firmament
nebo, sky, raj, heaven
(Avestan)
(Croatian)
,
, ts’a, sky,
zets’a, heaven
niebo, sky (Polish)
Georgian)
debesis, sky, heaven
ermu, sky, sheath, (Latvian)
cer, sky, heaven
ceiling, heaven,
(Romanian)
cover, wrap,
ank bitu, heaven taivas, sky, heaven
and earth, of
(Finnish-Uralic)
heaven and earth,
epithet of Istar,
ašratu, poetic
word for heaven
(Akkadian)
aurvañtô [aurvañt]
quick, swift; a
steed, horse, racer,
warrior (Avestan)
setâbândan,
tond sodan,
• •#¦ to
accelerate,
sry$, %£¤+ quick,
swift (Persian)
,
daach’k’aros, to
accelerate,
,
stsrap’i, swift,
·”€ ± • µÙ¬¬€, dlia
paskarennia, to
accelerate, ¸ •‚,
chutki, swift, quick
(Belarusian)
ubrzati, to accelerate,
brz, swift, quick
(Croatian)
chutki, sparki,
adj., quick, rapid, fast
(Belarus)
pa trin t, to
accelerate, trs, swift,
tri, quick (Latvian)
pentru a accelera, to
accelerate, rapid,
swift, quick
(Romanian)
ì˜ V, o kathenas,
anyone, o poiosdipote,
anyone; otidipote,
anything, ‡ˆ, kati,
something
(Greek)
•ÇÃÿ ÌÇÂŽ, voreve
meky, anyone, ÌŠ › ‹,
mi ban, something
(Armenian)
ndonjë, ndokush,
anyone; dicka,
something, anything,
cfarëdoqoftë, gjithcka,
everything, gjësend
(Albanian)
! ó, ouranó, sky, ‡
! ó, ton ouranó,
heaven (Greek)
Ǖ‹ ŠÎ, yerknk’its’,
heaven, ǕŠ‹ ,
yerkink’, sky (Armenian)
qiell, sky, heaven
(Albanian)
quilibet, quaelibet, duine ar bith, anyone, Rud ar anyone,
quodibet [subst.
anything?
bith, anything (Irish)
quidibet]
duine sam bith, anyone, rud
3-20
sam bith, anything (Scott)
unrhyw un, anyone, anyone,
neb, anyone, no one, nobody,
none, nonentiy; Unrhyw
beth, anything Welsh)
chiunque, anyone, qualcuno,
chicchessia, niente, anything
(Italian)
quelqu'un, anybody, rien,
anything, nothing
(French)
cilba, cilva
(CILFA),
Script Z1310
kuisk-> any/some, one/thing
(Hittite)
caelum-i, sky,
heaven
Dis, Pluto, god of
the Underworld
spéir, sky, heaven (Irish)
sky, sky, nèam, heaven
(Scott)
hawyr, sky, nefoedd, heaven
(Welsh)
cielo, sky, heaven (Italian)
ciel, sky, heaven (French)
name, Cilen?
sky, heaven?
See CILeR
below
3-21
CILEN, Script
PL-3, PL-34
CILENI Script,
PL-22
Note: this text is in
the Piacenza
bronze liver, used
to teach divination.
Cilen no doubt
refers to heaven.
n“pis, sky, heaven (Hittite)
˜…ˆ‡ ø ˜ˆ, na
epitachýnei, to
accelerate, Á »Á ½,
grígori, swift, quick
(Greek)
• Š΋ǜ Ã Æ Ì •,
aragats’nelu hamar, to
accelerate, • Å, arag,
swift, quick (Armenian)
për të përshpejtuar, to
accelerate, i shpejtë,
swift, quick (Albanian)
celero-are, to
accelerate, make
quick
chun dlús a chur, to
accelerate, go tapa, swift,
tapaidh, quick (Irish)
gus luathachadh, to
accelerate, gu luath, swift,
quick (Scott)
chwimio, to move, stir,
accelerate; cyflymu,
accelerate, yn gyflym, swift,
quick (Welsh)
accelerare, to accelerate,
veloce, swift, Presto, quick
(Italian)
accélerer, to accelerate;
rapide, swift, quick
(French)
leliuahh, leliwah, hasten, to
CILeR, Script,
Z317, Z386, Z470,
to make quick Z701, Z1006,
[<OE cwicu,
Z1065, Z1662,
alive],
Z1800;
accelerate
CILeRII, Script
[Lat.
K79; probably a
accelero-are], gens, family name
hasten [<OFr. CILeReS, Script
haste, of Gmc. Z290, Z872, Z937,
orig]
Z999, Z1386,
rapid, [<Lat.
Z1807
rapidus]
Note: CILeR, "I
3-22
accelerate," L. Ind.
Pres. 1st Pers.
Single, celero.
CILeReS, L. Ind.
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Ind -E
pean Table 1, Et scan Ph ases, with Ind -E
pean c gnates
ile:///C:/Use s/mel/D c ments/ma av t.c m/Ind -E
pean_Table1A.1...
quick (Georgian)
am u, to hasten
, to be quick, to be
too soon, to send
quickly, to send
promptly, to do
quickly, to be or
deliver in good
time, @amÜu,
quick, swift,
sudden, ar hu, to
hasten, hurry,
erhu, quick, rash,
er u,to be quick,
ed du, to act
quickly, pointed,
to be or become
pointed, amittu,
ša, quickly,
arpiš, quickly,
early, antis,
quickly,
immediately,
suddenly,
itmu iš , quickly,
speedily, âšu,
quickly, to move
quickly, rush
(Akkadian)
\ikharam, agram,
peak,
c ^ , summit, peak;
nirvyUDhi, f. issue,
end, top, summit;
zikhara
peak, top, summit, ;
agra,
front, top, summit;
beginning, the highest
or best of anything
x
bareziman`m
[barez], high,
exalted (Avestan)
qolle, {‘× apex,
crest, top, peak,
summit , bâlâ, |Ÿ}
top, high,
elevated, superior
(Persian)
, samitze,
summit,
,
piki,
,
dabruneba, top
(Georgian)
el tu, top part,
top pack,
deception,
garment, upper or
outer garment,
insincerity, high
land, high terrain,
outside, outer or
upper part,
penthouse, upper
millstone
(Akkadian)
x
hâ esta s dan,
s xtan,
t
b n; hâ esta ,
ashes
(Pe sian)
,
damtsv ba, t
b n,
,
agnisAt, adv. int i e; natsa i, ashes
{- R} b n;
(Ge gian)
vahvisAt R, t b n,
c emate; jvalati, t
b n,
am-, t b n,
S, Sati & SNAti,
am-(ašt-), am- , t
b n, c ns me,
indle, b n
dest y,
(U a tian)
p nish; Asa, ashes,
am-, t b n
d st; bhas, bhasi,
(H ian)
bhasman, ashes
kab bu, t b n,
7
44
make haste, hurry,
nu(n)triasha, nuntariie/a,
to hasten, nuntrie/a, to
hasten, be quick,
parhesr/parhesn, haste,
urgency, forced march,
waliwalia, quick (referring
to wind) Hittite
kiihdyttää, to
accelerate, nopea,
swift, quick (FinnishUralic)
¸ µÙ– ¬
ª«ƒÙ¶ƒ«² ¸-µ ~¬‚,
sustre—a na vyšejšym
uzro•ni, summit, ±‚•,
pik, peak
(Belarusian)
najvysejsy, adj.
top, biggest,
tallest (Belarus)
vrh, summit, peak
(Croatian)
virsotne, summit,
peak (Latvian)
vârf, summit, peak
(Romanian)
huippukokous,
summit, huippu, peak
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
€ •‚, t ha aƒ,
t b n, „ „…†,
p piel, ashes
(Bela sian)
palic, vi. imp., b n,
spazyc, t c ns me
(Bela s)
pepe , ashes,
spaljivati, t b n
(C atian)
paliƒ si‡, t b n,
p ch, ashes (P lish)
sadedzinˆt, t b n,
pelni, ashes,
(Latvian)
s‰ a d‰, t b n,
cen Š‰, ashes,
(R manian)
y i, s mmit,
koruf ,
pea (G ee )
,
gagat’nazh gh vy,
s mmit,
,
le nagagat’, pea
(A menian)
lm, s mmit, majë, pi ,
pea (Albanian)
cac men, c lmen,
apex: q in, why
n t, c mmand t
c me n w, athe ,
b t, indeed
c inniú m llaigh, s mmit,
ba , t p (I ish)
mh llach, t p, s mmit,
beann, m ntain, ài de, pea
(Sc tt)
c pa- - n, s mmit, t p,
apex, c est, head (Welsh)
cima, t p, pea (Italian)
cime, t p, pea (F ench)
HUR.SAG, m ntain, ketkr,
t p, n, at the head
(Hittite)
Pres. 2nd Pers.
Single, celer s;
possibly Nom. Pl.
"swift."
t p, s mmit,
[<Lat.
s mm s,
highest] pea
[< OE pic, a
sha p p int?]
why n t, n w,
athe , b t,
indeed?,
elite?, (a
s pe i
g p)
cim, Sc ipt CP-18
im, Sc ipt Z1607
imi, Sc ipt Z591;
3-23
x
‹o Œ•kŽu•Ž, t
én avma, t b n, ‹ŒfrŽ,
té a, ashes, ap te n ,
incine ate; ai ,
ai mai, b n
(G ee )
•‘“ , ay man, t
b n, “ ”•‘ , m hi y,
ashes, (A menian)
djeg , t b n,
sh mb j, t incine ate;
c ns m j, t b n, hi,
ashes (Albanian)
Q intilii?
incend cende e-cend
cens s; cinis-e is,
ashes;
cen -a e, t dine
x
an s thán, t b n,
l aith each, ashes, (I ish)
an t-allt, t b n, l aith e,
ashes, (Sc tt)
ll sg, t b n, b ydi , t
b n, in lame, b il, ennyn,
t indle, ignite, b n, ll dw,
ashes, yin lame
(Welsh)
incindia e, t set i e t ;
cene e, ashes (Italian)
incendie , t set i e t ;
cend e, ashes
(F ench)
mlyi [B emalya], b ning
(T cha ian)
Cimth m,
Q int m,
Cimd m,
place? Related
t Latin name
Q intilii?
3-24
t b n [<OE
be nan &
bae nan],
incine ate;
ashes [<OE
asce];
t dine?
TC46, is
TENR A SA
CINA;
Cinna-ae is a
R man
c gn men
3-25
CIMTHvM, Sc ipt
M67, M74
CIM THvM,
cim t m (L. t m,
next)
cina, Sc ipt, TC46,
N41, N491, N543,
N573, N598, N615,
N647, N689, N711,
Q435, Q422, Q481,
PQ-4
cinas, Sc ipt N18,
N22, N47;
cinat, Sc ipt TC57
cine, Sc ipt N139
cini, Sc ipt R447
cin , cin (CINV),
Sc ipt N53, N216,
N483, N624, Q84,
Q127, R370, R447,
R607. R619,
Aph-7?
cin s, cin s
(CINVS), Sc ipt
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Ind -E
pean Table 1, Et scan Ph ases, with Ind -E
sc ch, t cha
w d, t set i e
t , kibbu,
b ning, kabbu,
b ning, gl wing,
maqlû, b ning,
c mb sti n, g ate,
ven, nan uzu,
adj., b ning,
la ing, ditallu,
ashes (A adian)
–il ccaya—, c , –ilˆ,
st ne, ashma,
ashman.h, st ne, c ,
pa vata, c y,
asmanaca made
st ne, st ne
(Avestan)
sang, ˜™
c ,
st ne (Pe sian)
i, c ,
, ’va, st ne
(Ge gian)
ajara u (see
urija u), a st ne,
kurgarr nu, a
st ne, kurumtu,
karašu, ezennû,
et al. st ne,
pulukkiš, c y
tc p
(A adian)
pean c gnates
ile:///C:/Use s/mel/D c ments/ma av t.c m/Ind -E
ur ni, t b n, ur, t be
b ned,uriurant, adj.,
b ning, saminu, sminu, t
b n s mething, migate,
inte gate, smesnu, t b n
s mething t sm e,
tuhara, b nings, el,
things being b ned, has,
h s, h ss-, ash (Hittite)
p lttaa, t b n,
t h at, ashes,
(Finnish-U alic)
, c ,
€ ›,
› œ…•‚, amiež,
st ne (Bela sian)
stijena, c , amen,
st ne (C atian)
stena, c (Se b C atian)
s aøa, c , amiež,
st ne (P lish)
stabas, c (BalticS d vian)
a mens, c , st ne
(Latvian)
stânc‰, c , piat ‰,
st ne (R manian)
ivinen linn it s,
c y t ess, ivi,
st ne (FinnishU alic)
Ÿr ¡o¢, v ách s, c ,
£Œ‹rŽ, pét a, st ne
(G ee ),
¤
’, c , ¤ ‘ ,
’a y, st ne (A menian)
sh ëmb, c , g i,
st ne (Albanian)
sax m-i, pet am,
c , lapis, st ne,
silex-icis, lint,
ha d st ne, c
ca aig, c , cl ch, st ne
(I ish)
c eag, c , clach, st ne
(Sc tt)
g aig, c , ca eg, st ne,
maen (meini), st ne; maen
hi , m n lith, (Welsh)
maen, st ne (B et n)
ccia, c , piet a, st ne
(Italian)
che, c , pie e, st ne
(F ench)
pean_Table1A.1...
N230, N244
Note 1)
c , [<ONF .
q e]
t ess, c aig,
st ne
(Semitic, i )?
st ne, [<OE
stan]
3-26
i
(KYR)
Sc ipt XJ-12
PETR, TC70,
TC146
PETRO (PETRV),
TC122?
PETROIS
(PETRVIS), TC2
PETROS
(PETRVS),TC-2,
TC44, TC66,
TC151, TC197
ä wañ* ( [B ä weñe],
c , st ne (T cha ian)
p runu-> hill t, peru,
perun, c , cli , b lde ,
perunant, c y, c aggy,
HUR.SAG, m ntain,
KÚR, enemy, hekur,
c ,
sanct a y, passilas, st ne,
pasila, pebble, gem,
p eci s st ne, pasilant,
pebble, st ne, (Hittite)
as
y, ¥ wh , ce
asi, wh ; ce asi
â, be ce asi,
wh m; az âne e,
¦ e, wh , that,
which, wh ,
wh m, az âne ,
wh se; da n,
anda n, t ye,
adv., da n
anda n, p ep.
(Pe sian)
inV-, that
(U a tian)
ave-, abe-, ave-,
aFe-, wh , anV-,
andi, and that,
-nna, -n, that,
a ticle, -ne, that
(H ian)
mija, wh ?,
minus, inte .
p n., wh , agâ,
aga’a, agaja,
aga’i, annû, that,
this, ammiu,
amm tu, that,
th se (A adian)
atha, cha i t, — athin,
g ing in a ca iage,
ca iage ca t;
cha i tee,
atha y, atha yati,
8
44
§ , cht , wh , ¨ ,
št , that (Bela sian
t , wh , ji, wh ,
that (C atian)
cht , p n. wh ;
cyj, p n. wh se;
p n., what, heta,
p n., it, that; hety,
p n. = t j, this, that
(Bela s)
t , wh , ów, that, it
an the , wh (P lish)
š, wh , a, that
(Latvian)
ca e, wh , which,
that, s me
(R manian)
a, wh , j t a,
that, wh , wh m
(Finnish-U alic)
o o£o©o¢,
p i s,
wh , ó‹ª, óti, that,
p i , tin s, p ian ,
t
p i , wh se; ti,
p i s, p ia, p i , what;
p i sdip te
anyb dy (G ee )
, v, wh , ‘, v , that
(A menian)
sh, wh , cilit, wh se
jt, cilin, wh m,, ë, i
cili, që, that, wh m;
(Albanian)
q is, q id; p n.
inte g. wh ?
what? which?
inde . any ne,
anyb dy,
anything;
cis, p ep., with
acc. n this side
, within
s (p n.inte .) [B se],
wh , s-ne (p n. el.),
c-ne (c nj.), that, since
(T cha ian)
CIS, Sc ipt Q117,
Z606, Z614, Z622,
Z638, Z776, MS13
CiS, Sc ipt K79
is (KIS) Sc ipt
Z87, Z108, Z255,
Z300, Z369, Z396,
cis « wh ,
Z880, Z953,
wh m, wh se,
AL-16, Sc ipt
what, which,
Q117, Z606, Z614,
anyb dy?
Z622, Z629, Z638,
is « within?
Z776; MS13
CiS, Sc ipt K79
3-27
is, Sc ipt Z84,
Z103, Z255, Z300,
Z369, Z396, Z880,
Z953
i, wh , what (Palaic)
See CHIS, cis
ab ve
i, wh , what, ti, wh ,
which, ti , s me, any ne,
tise, any ne (Lycian)
kuis, wh , kuisa, wh eve ,
kui/kue/kua, wh ?, what?,
wh what, s me ne,
any ne, (Hittite)
a
› †¯°‚•±• ,
alia–nica, cha i t,
² •, vah n, wag n
vâsha [-] ca iage,
(Bela sian)
vehicle, wag n,
a t a , dylizans,
cha i t, atha [epetyt , p w z,
athaêshta [-],
t ene , t en wac,
wa i , cha i tee
dzielac
epetycji,
(Avestan)
âles e, abh, ¦¬-®- wag n (P lish)
samach d, ca
cha i t, va zesi;
gâ i, ca t, âm zga , (Bela s)
b jna la, cha i t,
c ach (Pe sian)
vag n, wag n
, alat’a,
a, wh , sin, that (I ish)
cò, wh , sin, that (Sc tt)
pwy, a, sawl, wh ;
beth, pa, what; pa, a, which;
mewn, ymhen, within, pwy,
wh , hynny, that (Welsh)
chi, el. p n. wh ,
wh m, wh se; he, she, they
wh ; wh eve , wh meve ,
ne wh ; ent , within,
q ella, q ell , that (Italian)
q i, inte g. p n. wh ?
wh m? el. p n. wh ,
which, that, wh m; dans,
within, cette, that (F ench)
amaxa, c ach;
a t init , ca ;
tig amaxi,
bag ni, wag n, r•Ž,
á ma, cha i t, k ro,
á , wag n, amaxa,
c ach; chei amaxa,
ca t (G ee )
“ ‘³ ´ ¤,
ma ta a ’,
,
vag n, wag n
(A menian)
ci, vag n, wag n
cis m-iam,
cha i t, light
tw -wheeled
vehicle;
ca s-i; wag n;
c
s- s, cha i t,
acing ca
cha i t, cha i t (I ish)
cai t, ca tach,
ca tachean, ca t; ca bad,
ca iage, cha i t (Sc tt)
ce byd-a , cha i t, c ach,
ca ; ce t-i, ca t (Welsh)
c cchi , cha i t, c ach
(Italian)
cha , cha i t, c che c ach
(F ench)
äl [B
ale], cha i t,
cha i t, light
tw -wheeled
vehicle,
wag n,
[<MD .
wagen]
ca t, [<ON
ca ti ] c ach
[<H ng.
csi],
3-28
cis m (CISVM)
Sc ipt Z88, Z116,
Z214, Z308, Z378,
Z455, Z953,
Z1057; See
ca a
and
c ie (CVKIE),
Sc ipt ?: C ie p pe name, same
s ix as in Helen's
name, ELINEI.
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Ind -E
pean Table 1, Et scan Ph ases, with Ind -E
pean c gnates
ile:///C:/Use s/mel/D c ments/ma av t.c m/Ind -E
pean_Table1A.1...
ca t,
,
nive sali, wag n
(Ge gian)
ma ia=nni-,
cha i tee
(H ian)
g in a cha i t; vAhin,
m ving n a ca iage,
a wag n, cha i t,
an a my divisi n
an a my; anas,
ca t, heavy wag n,
p avahaµam,
ca t, ca iage, anas,
ca t,
heavy wag n
sˆ athi-, cha i tee
ca s, caSTe, ca Sate (
ti), t see, l
at,
c nside , ann nce,
decla e, tell, say
beh ld, view, call by
name, name, explain,
ca se t appea ; etay,
-yati, s mm n, invite;
i , i te, i ayati,-te, t
b ing th, aise the
v ice, tte , p claim,
cite, p c e, btain
ca s, caSTe, ca Sate (
ti), t see, l
at,
c nside , ann nce,
decla e, tell, say
beh ld, view, call by
name, name, explain,
9
44
markabtu,
cha i t, narkabtu,
cha i t , the
c nstellati n
A iga,
ulukannu,
maš ru, a type
cha i t, mugirru,
yal
ce em nial
cha i t, wheel a
cha i t wag n,
marturrû, small
cha i t, ass ru,
cha i tee ?
narkabtu, in b l
narkabti,
cha i tee , pe s n
wh s pplies
ights m a
cha i t,
mariannu,
cha i tee , d ive ,
cha i t d ive ,
appati, in muk l
app ti, ašâtu, in
muk l ašâti,
eriqqu, wag n,
ca t, ca tl ad, the
c nstellati n U sa
Maj
Big
Dippe , attartu,
wag n with s lid
wheels, nubalu, a
cha i t (A adian)
a âxvastan,
- - · t d a t,
s mm n; nâm ¸ ¹
º» ¬ ba dan,
nâmidan, t name,
cite, assign
(Pe sian)
,
gam dza heba, t
s mm n,
,
m nishnet, t cite
(Ge gian)
ti-n¼, tin=i, ti=ni
(ti, t spea ), t
name (U a tian)
nabû, t s mm n,
t name, t give a
name, t be
named, t inv e,
call a pe s n (t
exe cise a
ncti n),
app inted, t
app int a pe s n
t an ice, t
dec ee, t
p claim, t
c mmand, t
ma e n wn, t
c nt am ng, t
ca se t p claim,
called p n
(A adian)
naql a dan, t
q te; i âd a dan,
taqdi a dan
(Pe sian)
,
ts’a ’it hva, t
(C atian)
ite¶b a šana,
cha i t, vag ns,
wag n (Latvian)
ca de ‰zb i, cha i t,
vag n, wag n
(Albanian)
(R manian)
s tava n t, cha i t,
va n t, wag n
(Finnish-U alic)
csi, c ach
(H ga ian)
wag n, ant, cha i tee ,
leade (T cha ian)
carati, ca (Hittite)
a th ghai m, t s mm n, a
l a, t cite (I ish)
½ ›†±› •‚,
za li aƒ, t s mm n,
•¾ ² •‚, cytavaƒ,
t cite (Bela sian)
li ac, v. imp.,
li n c, v. pe .,
t call (Bela s)
p zvati, t s mm n,
citi ati, t cite
(C atian)
p zyw øaƒ, t
s mm n, cyt waƒ, t
cite (P lish)
izsa t, t s mm n,
cit¿t, t cite (Latvian)
a c nv ca, t
s mm n, a cita, t
cite (R manian)
ts a, t s mm n,
mainita, t cite
(Finnish-U alic)
•¾ ² •‚, cytavaƒ,
t q te (Bela sian)
citi ati, t q te
(C atian)
c dzysl w, cytat,
cyt wac, p zytaczac,
g s a ghai m, t s mm n,
ai s n aith is, t cite (Sc tt)
ÀŽ kŽÁŒÂê, na alései, t
s mm n, ÀŽ ŽÀŽfÃrÄÅ,
na ana e thó, t cite,
(G ee )
´ Æ Ç È “ ‘,
anch’el hama , t
s mm n, É Ç È “ ‘,
nshel hama , t cite
(A menian)
pë të thi , t
s mm n, pë të cit a , t
cite (Albanian)
ÀŽ £ŽrŽÄŒÂÊ, pa athet ,
t q te, litev ,
ana e , cite,
(G ee )
“ ËÌ ‘ Ç“, mejbe m,
t q te, É Ç È “ ‘,
cit -a e, t p t in
m ti n, excite,
sta t p, s mm n,
call wa d, esp.
milita y
p p ses; hence t
appeal t , p int t
a th ities
i alw, gwysi , t s mm n, i
ddy ynn , t cite (Welsh)
chiama e, t s mm n, cita e,
t cite (Italian)
c nv q e , a appele , t
s mm n, cite , t cite
(F ench)
we , t call, t say (Palaic)
laman, t name (L vian)
t s mm n,
name, [<OE
nama], cite
3-29
with a s ix /
ephitet pe haps
c ntaining
the names
pe s ns things:
lav, l , l v, l p?
laman, t name (Lycian)
halz i-,haliya->
halzai/halzi, t call t,
ecite, invite, plah,
palah/palahh, t call,
s mm n, e iie/a, we (ie/a),
ueriianna/ueriianni,
weriana/weriani, t call, t
s mm n, t name,
kalis/klis, t call, lamniie/a,
t name, s mm n, assign
(Hittite)
cit -a e, t p t in
m ti n, excite,
sta t p, s mm n,
call wa d
a l a, t p cite, q te (I ish)
ai s n aith is, t cite, a 'c
a-mach, t q te (Sc tsGaelic)
dy ynn , t cite,
q te, s mm n;
cit lav (CITLA8),
Sc ipt N324
cit l (CITLV),
Sc ipt
Q202, Q229
cit l v (CITLV8)
Sc ipt N-1
cit l p (CITLVP),
Sc ipt N31; see cita
See cia and
CHIEM ab ve,
See cita, bel w
t q te
[<Lat.
q t s-a- m,
what
n mbe ], s e,
s mm n;
citi, Sc ipt Z439,
Z421
cit (CITV), Sc ipt
Q512, Q543, Q692,
Q775, Q795, Q821,
R437, R499
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Ind -E
10
pean Table 1, Et scan Ph ases, with Ind -E
ca se t
appea ; etay, -yati,
s mm n, invite; i ,
i te, i ayati,-te, t
b ing th,
aise the v ice, tte ,
p claim, cite,
p c e,
btain
x
q te,
,
m nishnet, t cite
(Ge gian)
x
wymieniac, q te
(P lish)
li ac, v. imp.,
li n c, v. pe .,
t call (Bela s)
CITA, t cite, t
s mm n; CITI, t
ead (R manian)
lainata, t q te
(Finnish-U alic)
CEATLÎU, piece
w d sed t tighten
a pe t attach ext a
h se t ca t
(R manian)
cîm, wh eve ,
whateve
(Avestan)
ha e, Ï Ð
wh eve ;
ha ânce, ha ce,
whateve ;
ha g ne, ¦¹ Ñ Ð
ha ce,
ânce, whats eve
(Pe sian)
, vints’,
wh eve ,
,
s l e t’ia, whateve
(Ge gian)
§ Ò •±, cht b ni,
wh eve , ¨
½ Ó Ô• ,
št zaÕh dna,
whateve
(Bela sian)
ma t , wh eve , št
g d, whateve
(C atian)
š ˆds, wh eve ,
neat a Ögi n tˆ,
whateve (Latvian)
y ya— (yˆ yˆ, yad yat, m nu,what,
icine, wh eve ,
whateve , why?,
wh eve , whateve
indi e ent de,
what ?,
whateve (R manian)
what eas n?,
mimman,
a tahansa,
whateve ,
wh eve , aivan sama,
anything, n thing, whateve (Finnishammar, whateve , U alic)
as m ch as,
minummê,
whateve ,
eve ything, all,
mem ni,
whateve ,
s mething,
s meb dy,
anyb dy, n b dy,
n thing
(A adian)
x
x
x
pean c gnates
ile:///C:/Use s/mel/D c ments/ma av t.c m/Ind -E
nshel hama , t cite
(A menian)
cit j, hap th njëza,
pë mend, ca t j
vle ë, t q te;
citat, q te
(Albanian)
x
gwysi , t s mm n,
c nvene, c nv e,
ev e (Welsh)
cita e, t cite (Italian)
cite , t cite (F ench)
x
de ine [Lat.
de ini -i e, t
limit, b nd,
ma
t]
cith (CIÍV),
Sc ipt Q806
3-30
See cia and
CHIEM ab ve
x
Name?
3-31
×£oªoÂØ £o‹Ã,
Op i sdíp te,
wh eve ; o‹ªØ £o‹Ã,
tidíp te, whateve
(G ee )
Ù, v e, wh eve , • Æ
Ù ‘ • •, inch’ el v
lini, whateve
(A menian)
shd , wh eve ,
c a ed , whateve
(Albanian)
q ivis, q aevis,
q idvis; adj.
q dvis
cibé d ine, wh eve , is c ma
cad, whateve (I ish)
c -dhiù, wh eve , ge bith dè,
whateve (Sc tt)
pwy bynnag, wh eve , Beth
bynnag, whateve (Welsh)
chin nq e, wh eve ;
q al nq e, whateve
(Italian)
q inc nq e, wh eve , cel i,
wh eve ,
q i, wh eve , pe imp te,
whateve ,
whateve (F ench)
whats eve ?
ss-ats-ne, wh eve ,
whateve (T cha ian)
3-32
lag Üa—, cl b,
bl dge n, daNDa a,
stic , sta ;
zamyA, sta , peg,
p p,
stay, ce tain meas e
length; ambha, p p,
s pp t, sta ; lag Da,
cl b, c dgel; gadA,
mace, cl b; la Ta,
a cl b
44
, l bi,
cl b,
,
hel eti, bat n
(Ge gian)
mi u, giš aššu,
nar’amtu, mace,
›†ÝÒ, l b, cl b,
ÔÝÒ±• , d bina,
c dgel, Ò݆ ² ,
b lava, mace
(Bela sian)
s blje, sta , l b,
cl b, b lava, mace,
batina, c dgel
(C atian)
ad y [pl.], stastaw,
sta (Bela s)
B zdygan, mace,
paø a, c dgel
(P lish)
nÞja, sta , cl b,
citlav, citlab
(CITLA8), Sc ipt
N324;
citl (CITLV),
Q202, Q229;
citl p (CITLVP),
Sc ipt N31;
citl v, citl b
(CITLV8), Sc ipt
N-1
citves (CITFES),
Sc ipt Z937
qid-a, whateve (Lycian)
qi+ , wh eve (Lydian)
kui-, kui->, kuis, kuisa,
wh eve , whateve , kuat
ima kuat, whateve ,
whateve eas n (Hittite)
ÛÁÃo, Kle (G ee )
Cli - s
x
Cle , G ee
M se
3-33
'sa,
bat n,
c
, sta , d,
scept e, wand,
stic , gorze,
scept e, mace,
n b, sta , vipe ,
bat n, bat n,
cl b, t che n
(Pe sian)
pean_Table1A.1...
ߌ¡ã Léschi, sta ,
cl b, ró£ŽÁo, ópal ,
c dgel, Âk £‹ro, s ípt ,
mace (G ee )
É” ³ ´ å“ ,
ash hata azmy, sta ,
´ Ç“Ì , a mby, cl b, clava-ae
´ ³ ³, eght t,
c dgel, “æ•ç, msits’,
mace (A menian)
sta i, sta , Kl b, t p z,
c dgel, mace (Albanian)
an h i eann, sta , c dgel,
c dgel, cl b, cl b (I ish)
l chd- b ach, sta , c dgel,
c dgel, cl ba, cl b (Sc tt)
n, stic , sta , c dgel;
palad (pelyd ) ay, beam,
sta , stem, clwb, cl b
(Welsh)
clava, cl b, c dgel, mazza,
mace (Italian)
bât n, sta ; t iq e, g din,
c dgel, mass e, mace, cl b
(F ench)
sta , [<OE
stae ], c dgel
[OE cycgel],
cl b [<ON
l bba]
bat n, [<LLat.
bast m, stic ]
mace, [OF .
mace]
Claei, PQ-13
N te s ix "ei"
that identi ies
p pe names, s ch
as Helen T y's:
Elinei
clab, clav (CLA8),
Sc ipt Z1334, R542
cla (CLAF), Sc ipt
AF-20
3-34
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Ind -E
11
pean Table 1, Et scan Ph ases, with Ind -E
nam aru, a
w den stic
mace with st nes
a ixed t it,
sw d, gamlu,
h
ed c ved
sta , gamliš, adv.,
li e a h
ed
c ved sta ,
u ru, sac ed
sta , stic ,
a u, sta ,
stic , scepte ,
b anch, twig,
shel , (A adian)
alina, a t ibe,
gaµa, clan, lam,
t ibe, ace
Jci A, a ey,
aï
ða—,
ñci ˆ, ey
x
x
ile:///C:/Use s/mel/D c ments/ma av t.c m/Ind -E
›† •, lan, lan,
„†…œ¯, pliemia, t ibe
(Bela sian)
lan, clan, pleme,
t ibe (C atian)
tay h, clan, amily, cilts, t ibe, lana,
ace, t ibe
clan (Latvian)
(Pe sian)
clan, clan, t ib, t ibe,
(R manian)
, lani,
laani, lan, heim ,
clan,
,
t ibe (Finnish-U alic)
t mis, t ibe
(Ge gian)
l mu, clan, amily,
ibru, clan, t ibe,
illatu, clan,
inship g p,
c n ede ates,
cliq e, c h ts,
c ew, a my, h st,
t ps ( the
enemy), d n ey
ca avan
c mme ce,
c llegi m, pac
d gs (A adian)
fuÁ , ylí, clan, t ibe
(G ee )
´
, lan, clan, ç
,
ts’yeghy, t ibe
(A menian)
is, clan, t ibe (Albanian)
gens, t ib s
clan, clan, t eibhe, t ibe
(I ish)
clan, clan, t e bh, t ibe
(Sc tt)
clan, clan, llwyth, t ibe
(Welsh)
t ibù, clan, t ibe (Italian)
clan, clan t ib , t ibe
(F ench)
clan [<Sc.
Gaelic, clann]
t ibe [<Lat.
t ib s]
clan, Sc ipt VP-7
3-35
›†ö÷, li û, ey
(Bela sian)
l c ey (Bela s)
lj û, ey (C atian)
kÁêة, leidi, ey
(G ee )
Ì
•, banali, ey
(A menian)
celës, ey, act at , syc,
hapës, g ep, nj, yc;
ey, yc, mbyll, t ey
(Albanian)
clavis-is, a ey
namzaqu, ey,
napt tu, ey,
small saw,
namzaqu, in ša
namzaqi, ey
eepe (A adian)
lawisz, ey (P lish)
atsl¿ga, ey (Latvian)
CHEIE, ey
(R manian)
avain, ey (FinnishU alic)
x
CLEAN, Dacian
small ish; CHENAR, x
ame (R manian)
x
x
x
x
pean_Table1A.1...
vˆle, mace, cl b
(Latvian)
m‰ci c‰, c dgel
(R manian)
cl bi, cl b, n ijia,
c dgel, mace
(Finnish-U alic)
ahm, clan
(Avestan)
xândân, º-ì¹
clan, lineage,
st c , amily,
elid, ìôõ , ey
(Pe sian)
,
gasaghebi, ey
(Ge gian)
pean c gnates
x
e chai , ey (I ish)
i chai , ey (Sc tt)
ag iad-a , ey, pening, t
pen, allwedd-i-a , ey,
cle , legend; (Welsh)
chiave, ey (Italian)
clé cle , ey (F ench)
x
ey [<OE
caeg]
3-36
pe s nal
name?
3-37
x
pe s nal
name?
cle, Sc ipt K84,
K86, K92
clev (CLEF), Sc ipt
Z681, CP-19
cleva (CLEFA),
Sc ipt A 80
cles, Sc ipt Q737,
BS-28, PG-4
Clena , Sc ipt AF-1
CLENaRON
(CLENaRVN),
Sc ipt K63
Clensi, Sc ipt
AL-1, K52
3-38
de axsidan,
ºìôü ®» t
shine, adiate,
spa le, blaze
šan, ýþ®
b ight, clea ,
l min s, explicit,
de axsân, â tâbi,
adj. b ight
(Pe sian)
dy tate, t gleam,
shine,
jjvala— clea ,
shining,
l st s, p abhˆ,
shine,
44
, nat’eli
ga had s, t ma e
b ight,
,
› Ò ½€ Ò±•‚ ¯€›±, ab
z abiƒ ja i, ¯°• ,
jasna, clea ,
Ò†±°› •…•‚,
blis acieƒ, t shine
(Bela sian)
da svijetli, t ma e
b ight, jasn , clea ,
sjati, t shine
(C atian)
byst y, jas awy,
jasny, p g dny,
sp ytny, b ight
(P lish)
pada Öt spilgt , t
ÀŽ fÊ‹©ÿê, na tízei, t
ma e b illiant, !Žf ,
Sa í, clea ; ÀŽ Á •#ê, na
lámpsei, t shine,
lamp , gyaliz ,
gyalisma, shine;
a tida, lamp , gleam
(G ee )
$ •%
ç ,
paytsa ats’nel, t ma e
b ight, $ ‘å, pa z,
clea , @
, sh ghal, t
shine (A menian)
pë të bë ë të
nd itshme ë j, t ma e
cla e -e e, t be
b ight, t shine;
t ans . t be
evident,
disting ished;
adj. cla e, clea ly,
b ightly,
distinctly;
l ce , l ce e, l xi,
t be b ight, shine,
glitte , clea ,
evident
a bheith geal, t be b ight,
s iléi , clea , a shine t
shine (I ish)
a bhith s illei , t be b ight,
s illei , clea , a 'sùileachadh,
t shine (Sc tt)
i d yn llacha , llewy ch ,
t be b ight, a disglei , t
shine, dazzle, gla e, glitte ,
t shine li e the s n; clae ,
adj. clea , yn gli , clea
b ight, shining; llacha , adj.,
b ight, b illiant, lashing,
l mini s (Welsh)
l cida e, t p lish, b illa e,
t be b ight
[<OE
be ht], shine
[<OE scinan];
evident,
disting ished;
gla e [<ME
gla en]; t
gl w [<ME
gl wan],
glisten [<OE
glisnian],
lamp, l cid
cle i, Sc ipt Z317,
Z380, Z960,
Z1006, Z1065,
Z1801
CLeRII, Sc ipt
TC28,
(Cle ii is
p bably a
name).
3-39
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Ind -E
12
pean Table 1, Et scan Ph ases, with Ind -E
pean c gnates
ile:///C:/Use s/mel/D c ments/ma av t.c m/Ind -E
pean_Table1A.1...
nat’eli, clea ,
,
b tsqinavs, t shine
(Ge gian)
tag-, t shine,
¡e\m¼, b ight,
clea (H ian)
s et adj., ve y
b ight; bRhaddy ti,
adj.,
shining b ight;
et mant,
adj., b ight, clea ;
vi ciSN , adj.,
shining,
b ight; dIdi,
{dIdyati}, t shine,
gleam, be b ight
visible, please; las,
lasati,
t gleam, glance,
s nd th, appea ,
ise,
shine, glitte
jˆla a man, lattice,
t ellis, gavˆ ^ajˆla, a
lattice, t ellis-w ,
t ellis, lattice
x
* elû,
muttanbi u,
nummuruadj.,
b ight, shining,
napardû, adj.,
b ight, shining,
b illiant, v, t
bec me b ight,
ill minated, t
bec me chee l,
j y s, ill minate,
t ma e clea ,
explicit, el cidate,
etc., nab u, t
ma e b ight, t
shine b ightly, t
la e p?, t gain
adiance, etc.,
nam ru, namru,
shiny, shining,
b illiant, clea ,
sha p, t b ighten
the c ntenance,
clea p, t
bec me happy,
adiant, spa le, t
light a i e, etc.,
numru, b ight
sp t, n ru, i e,
lamp, light,
namriš, adv.,
b illiantly,
adiantly,
namirt ,
b ightness,
lightness, nabû, t
be b illiant, shine,
nebû, b ight,
shining, la ing,
nib u, b illiance,
elû , t ma e
b illiant, c p late,
t ma e l ve, t
be me y, t shine,
elliš, b illiantly, in
p e ashi n
(A adian)
,
t ile i, t ellis
(Ge gian)
maqlû, g ate,
ven, b ning,
c mb sti n,
kišukku, g ate,
p is n (as a p etic
te m) murudû, a
ind g ating
(A adian)
x
ma e b ight, s aid s,
clea , spÖd¿t, t shine
(Latvian)
pent a ace
l min ase, t ma e
b ight, cla , CLARI,
clea , b ight, s‰
st ‰l ceasc‰, t shine
(R manian)
tehdä i aa si, t
ma e b ight, selvä,
clea , l istaa, t shine
(Finnish-U alic)
€ ¨ › , aš t a,
g ating, ›±†±œ÷¾›,
ilimûy , t ellis
(Bela sian)
ešet a, g ating,
ešet a d letava,
t ellis (C atian)
e\`i, g ating, e\`is,
t ellis (Latvian)
g a|ii, g ating, leas‰,
t ellis, GRÎTAR,
g ill, t ellis
(R manian)
sälei ~, g ating,
t ellis (FinnishU alic)
vCLUJ, R manian
t shine, esse e l min s , t
be b ight, chia , clea
(Italian)
êt e b illant, t be b ight,
b ille , l i e, t shine;
éclai e , t shine n;
cla té, light, clea ness,
b ightness, clai , clea
(F ench)
b ight, qa të, clea , pë të
sh ëlqye , t shine
e s, shine, nd ic j,
glisten, a
it, shine,
sh hem; t shine; d itë,
lght, l stë , glaze,
(Albanian)
¡ rŽ, schá a, g ating,
£Œr•koÁŽ, pé
la,
t ellis (G ee )
• , gagat’in,
t ellis (A menian)
i bezdisshëm, g ating,
a az, t ellis, th imë,
t inë, t ellis; g ilë, s a ë,
g ating (Albanian)
x
misriwes, b ight, t bec me
ll (said the m n),
misriwadr, b ightness,
wh leness (Hittite)
clat i- m,
g ating, t ellis
x
g ating, g ating, chléithe,
t ellis (I ish)
g atin, g ating, g adell
(g edyll), g iddle, g ill,
g idi n; g il, g ill,
delltwaith, t ellis (Welsh)
g aticci , t ellis, g ata,
g ating (Italian)
âpe , g ating, t ellisse , t
[ma e a] t ellis (F ench)
nˆma, named,
abhidadhˆti, t call,
caks, caSTe, ca Sate
44
• ½¾² •• ,
nazyvacca, t be
called, • ½² •¾,
nazvany, named
(Bela sian)
biti p zvan, t be
óÀo•Ž, ón ma, named,
n maz , •ªŽ ÀŽ
kŽÁŒÂËÃ, gia na
alésete, t call, di iz ,
name; thema, p p siti n
(G ee )
cl e -i e; am
named, called;
n min -a e, t
name, give a
name, t menti n,
spea ab t
3-40
let a, Sc ipt Q342
let am, Sc ipt
Q342
clet am, Sc ipt Z-1,
Z-5, Z29, Z155,
Z180, Z186,
Z1021, Z1846,
Z1861
let e, Sc ipt Q351
x
Cl venias,
name a
pe s n
3-41
Clevenias
(CLEFENIAS),
A 27
Tá mé ainmnithe, am named,
ainm a thabhai t, t name,
Gla igh, t call (I ish) Tha
mi ai ainmeachadh, am
named, g s ainm
ainmeachadh, t name, a
am named,
called [<ON
alla]
cl (CLF), Sc ipt
AJ-9
cl (CLV), Sc ipt
A 27;
la (KLA) Sc ipt
Q18
t wnCLUJ-NAPOCA
(R manian)
nâm º» ¬ ¸ ¹
ba dan, nâmidan,
t name, cite,
assign, t name
(Pe sian)
,
t ellis [Lat.
t ilix, w ven
with th ee
th eads];
g ating,
g ate, g ill
[<Lat. c atis,
wic e w ]
Cl venias,
name?
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
daasakhela,
named,
,
utsodeben, to be
called,
,
darekva, to call,
,
daasakhela, named
(Georgian)
(ti), to see, look at,
consider, announce,
declare, tell, say
behold, view, call by
name, name,
explain, cause to
appear; kathanIya, to
be told or
named; gIta adj., sung,
praised, named;
khyAta,
adj., named, called,
known, celebrated.
ti-n , tin=i, ti=ni
(ti, to speak), to
name (Urartian)
nibûtu, name,
n bu, name,
amount, number,
utterance, nib tu,
name,
pronunciation,
spelling, call,
vocation, chosen
by the gods, nabû,
to summon, to
name, to give a
name, to be
named, to invoke,
call a person,
appointed, to
appoint a person
to an office, to
decree, to
proclaim, to
command, to
make known, to
count among, etc.
(Akkadian)
sal, lang, adj., to
limp, langidan
(Persian)
, unda iqos
kochli, to be lame,
,
lampist’vis, to
limp,
,
saniaghvre, to
drain (Georgian)
khañjati, khaJj,
khaJjati,
to limp, la gati, to
hobble, apav hayati,
to drain
off water
by nazywanym, to
be called, o nazwie,
named (Polish)
nosaukts, named,
sauc, to be called,
zvan t, to call
(Latvian)
numit, named, a se
numi, to be called, a
apela, to call
(Romanian)
nimeltään, named,
soittaa, to call,
kutsutaan, to be
called (FinnishUralic)
,
y niedakladnym, to
be lame,
,
ku ha , to limp,
€ •‚ , sciaƒy, to
drain (Belarusian)
biti hrom, to be lame,
da limp, to limp, za
odvod, to drain
(Croatian)
kulec, utykac,
maqtu, limp,
utykanie, limp
dilapidated,
(Polish)
collapsed,
b„t klibs, to be lame,
windfallen,
destitute, uprooted m kstin t, to limp,
iztukšot, to drain
person, fugitive,
uzzû, to limp, be (Latvian)
lame,adj., limping, a fi lame, to be lame,
lame, našpaku,
pentru a bloca, to
limpness,
limp, a se scurge, to
muz btu,
drain (Romanian)
drainage,
olla lama, to be lame,
muš tu,
limpata, to limp,
drainage canal,
tyhjentää, to drain
kaslu, land
drained by ditches (Finnish-Uralic)
(Akkadian)
nâxon, mikh, ›œ•
nail, peg, pin,
spike, suzan,
sanjâq, pin
(Persian)
,
lursmani, to nail,
,
k layati, spike,
daits’vas, to pin,
zaGku,
,
pointed peg or wooden
nail, stake, pike, beam, p’rch’khilis nail
arrow, spear; vezI, pin; (Georgian)
ANi, pin of the
guršu, nargu,
axle-tree, s„ci™, pin
peg, kaksallû,
peg, dowel,
nasru, peg or
hook, irru, peg,
stake, peg,
13 of 44
called, pod nazivom,
named, zvati, to call,
(Croatian)
nazyvacca, to be
called; nazyvac,
to call, name
(Belarus)
žŸ
, prybi , to
nail, žŸ
¡ ,
prykalo , to pin
(Belarusian)
spilka, pin (Belarus)
za noktiju, to nail,
zakaƒiti, to pin
(Croatian)
gwozdz, nail
(Polish)
uz naglu, to nail,
piespiest, to pin
(Latvian)
la unghii, to nail, la
pin, to pin, cui, nail
(Romanian)
naulata, nail, to nail,
kiinnittää, to pin
(Finnish-Uralic)
'gairm, to call (Scott)
enwi, to name, label,
instance, denominate,
nominate; i alw galw, to call,
name, dub, convene,
denominate, hail
(Welsh)
chiamare, to call, sono
nominato, am named, cioè,
namely (Italian)
s'appeler, to be named,
called, di nome, am named
(French)
, anunov, am
named,
, zangel,
to call,
,
koch’vum, to be called
(Armenian) emëroj, quaj,
caktoj, vë emrin,
them, përmend, to be
named; emër, emërim,
titull, fytyrë, mbiemër,
fis, name
(Albanian)
3-42
kle (KLE) Script
R122
klo, (KLV) Script
G-3, R117, R126,
R137, R150. R165
Clovenias
(CLVFENIAS)
Au27
laman, to name (Luvian)
laman, to name (Lycian)
lamniie/a, to name, call, cite
(Hittite)
koutsaino, to limp,
…† ‡ˆ…†‰ Š‹Œ•Žó•, na
eínai koutsós, to be lame,
…† Ž••†‘‘ˆ“‡‰, na
strangíxei, to drain
(Greek)
”
•
–,
meghmelu hamar, to
limp, — –, kliner, to
be lame, ˜
•
–,
k’nelu hamar, to drain
(Armenian) eci me
mundim, të jetë i çalë, to
be lame, për të limp, to
limp; caloj, pengoj, to
hobble, për të ikjes, to
drain (Albanian)
…† Š†•¢£…¤, na karfóno,
to nail, ‘‰† …†
Š†•¢£Ž‡•‡, gia na
karfósete, to pin, …¥¦‰,
nýchi, nail; karfitsa,
karfitso, pin (Greek)
”
–— •
–,
yeghungneri hamar, to
nail, § , kapel, to pin
(Armenian)
për të pin, to pin, për të
gozhduar, to nail gozhdë,
fiksoj, kap, to nail;
kthetër, talon, capua,
gozhdë, nail
(Albanian)
claudico-are, to be
lame, halt, waver
cloaca-ae, sewer,
siccare, exhaurire,
to drain
clavus-i, a nail,
spike; a stripe of
purple on tunics,
worn by senators
& knights
a ghlanadh, to limp, a bheith
lag, to be lame, a dhraenáil,
to drain (Irish)
gus a ghlanadh, to limp, a
bhith cugallach, to be lame, a
dhruim, to drain (Scott)
cloffi, to lame, halt,
cripple, founder, limp; i fod
yn lasg, to be lame, i
ddraenio, to drain (Welsh)
zoppicare, to limp, dranare,
to drain (Italian)
clocher, to limp, hobble, be
faulty; a clocher is also a bell
tower; pour drainer, to drain
(French)
to limp, [ <
obs. limphalt]
hobble
[<obsolete,
limphalt,
lame], hobble
[<MDu.
hobbelen],
drain [<OE
dre nian]
3-43
a ingne, to nail, le bioráin, to
pin (Irish)
a 'snàmh, to nail, gu briogais,
to pin (Scott)
i ewinedd, to nail, hoelio,
hoeli, to nail, pin; cethr-i-au
nail, spear (Welsh)
appuntare, to pin, inchiodare, nail [<OE
naegl], spike
to nail, (Italian)
[<ME spyk]
clouer, to nail, pin down,
clou, nail (French)
3-44
CLOCE (CLVCE)
Z1770,
CLOCeR and
CLOCERRAS
(CLVCeR,
CLOCERRAS)
Script Z834
Context:
CLVCeRRAS
CAPERI SAM RIC
"(you (tu) had
hobbled the
he-goat (caper-ri;
Gen. Single-i) the
leg rich; and
Z1770: CVS
CLVCE CAPERI
SAM TI Ce, "I
give as a reason it
will be hobbled
(Ind. Fut. 3rd Pers.
Single -e) the leg
(It. zampa, Fr.
jambe) of yours (ti)
here.
cloue, clobe, clove
(CLV8E),
Script N149
tarma/i, nail, peg, tarm(a)i,
to nail, fasten down
(Luvian)
tarma, nail, pin, peg,
tarmae, to nail, fasten
down, tarmatr/tarmatn,
nailing, fastening (Hittite)
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
14 of 44
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
wooden peg,
kilsukku, pin of
the yoke
(Akkadian)
bastan, ©ª«¬ to
bind, block, close,
seal, set shut,
bepâyân
rasânidan, to close
(Persian)
,
gach’umeba, shut,
,
dakhurva, closure
(Georgian)
api-dadh ti, to shut,
avas nam, end,
termination, v¨ti, pari,
fence, enclosure,
™nirvahaNa, issue,
end, close; mukulay,
yati, to close;
supidhAna, adj., well
shut up; roddhavya,
adj., to be closed or
shut; mil, milati, pp.
milita, to close the
eyes, wink; close,
shut, close up,
disappear, vanish
kat mu , to close
a pot, a door, clap
down, cover,
constrict,
overwhelm, kalû,
to be closed, to
cease, refuse
goods, delay,
detain, deny, to
block, etc., pe û,
closed, blocked,
obstructed, edlu,
closure, es ru, to
become
constricted,
channel water, to
take captive,
enclose, to
become enclosed,
confine, to stifle a
cry (Akkadian)
x
x
- za, blizka,
close, - ‚
,
zaƒyni , shut,
- Ÿ
®, zakryccio,
closure (Belarusian)
kryty, adj., shut,
closed, zacyniac, to
close (Belarus)
blisko, close (Polish)
zatvori, shut,
zatvaranje, closure
Croatian)
sl¯gt, shut, sl¯gšana,
closure (Latvian)
închide, shut,
închidere, closure
(Romanian)
sulkea, shut,
päättäminen, closure
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
°‹…•±, Kontá, close, …†
Š²‡ˆŽ¤, kleio, to close,
termatizo, kleistos, shut
(Greek)
³
´, p’akumy,
closure, ³
, p’akel,
shut (Armenian)
i mbyllur, shut,
afër, close (Albanian)
claudo, claudere,
clausi, clausum
and cludo, to
close, shut up,
make inaccessible
a stopadh, to shut, dún, to
close, dúnadh, closure (Irish)
gus dùnadh, to close, a
dhruim, to shut, a
chòmhdach, to enclose
(Scott)
cau, cae, to shut, close,
enclose, fence, barricade,
block, obstruct, clinch, furl,
fasten, lace (Welsh)
chiudere, to close, chiusura,
closure (Italian)
fermer, se clore, clôture,
closure, end (French)
closure, to
close [<Latin,
claudere]
bastion [<OFr. CLvTRA, Script
bastille, jail]
Z805
3-45
hatk/ktk, istapinu,
istap/istapp, istappinu, to
shut, close (Hittite)
Clytemnestra
x
x
Clytemnestra,
mother of
Orestes, sister
of Helen, wife
of King
Agamemnon
Cluthumustha
(CLVQVMVSQA)
DF-1
3-46
x
x
x
x
Cn, Cnaeus-i
x
CN,
abbreviation
of name,
Cnaeus
3-47
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Cnaeus-i, Cn
x
'qab, µ¶·¸¹
descendants,
breed, offspring,
dudman, º¶•»¼»
ancestry, lineage,
offspring, etc.,
(Persian)
Ÿ ½¡ , radavod,
ancestry, origin
(Belarusian)
porijeklu,
descendance,
podrijetlo, ancestry
(Croatian)
pochodzenie,
descent, origin,
xŠ†•†‘¤‘¾, katagogí,
descendance, ancestry
(Greek)
¿ À
ÁÂ ,
zharrangut’yun,
descendance,
à — –´,
nakhninery, ancestry
Cnaeus (L. Cn,
Cnaeus-i) (Old
Latin, enos = nos)
or genus-eris,
birth, descent,
origin, ancestry
shliocht, descent, sliocht,
descendance, sinsear,
ancestry (Irish)
sliochd, descendance,
sinnsearachd, ancestry
(Scott)
disgyniad, descendance,
hynafiaeth, ancestry (Welsh)
Greek
numeral for
100?
CN, Script Z190,
Z289, Z851, Z897,
Z929, Z1168
Z1236, Z1359
Z1372, K98,
K133, AJ-20,
OM-3, AF-8
CNL, L98
3-48
Cnei,
probably
Cyneuus,
another name
of Hecuba,
wife of Priam
Cnei, AM-7
3-49
Cnaeus, name
Cnes, CP-43
3-50
santati™, descendant,
offspring, kul n ™
kum r ™, scion,
shoot, descendant
,
birth, descent,
[<Lat.
descendre],
descendance,
origin;
possibly
Gnossus,
(Cnossus)
cnos (CNVS),
Script AJ-20
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
shtamomavloba,
descendance,
,
ts’inap’rebi,
ancestry
(Georgian)
atta(i)=arde,
ancestor,
forefather
(Hurrian)
darku,
descendance,
child, posterity,
na rapu,
descendant, a cut
of meat, a group
of stars, liblibbu,
descendant,
offshoot of the
date palm,
offspring, l pu,
descendant,
posterity,
offspring,
generation,
lipištu, descent,
fleshy or
membranous
substance
(abnormal), a
plant, offspring,
m ru, son,
descendant,
posterity, young,
offspring of an
animal, son,
darling, lover,
subordinate,
employee, citizen,
native of a city or
country, etc.,
pir’u, descendant,
offspring, leaf,
offshoot, shoot,
papallu,
descendants,
offspring, young
shoot (Akkadian)
sam -eti, samabhi-,
assemble,
y ti, come,
ekatra, gather,
yunakti, unite
kR to unite;
{bhU} become
one; yat, yatati, -te,
to unite, join,
connect, join
oneself with,
meet, put in order;
bandh, badhnAti,
badhnIte, to bind,
tie, attach, fix, fasten,
join,unite, bring
together, be connected
with, belong to
15 of 44
ancestry (Polish)
senƒi, ancestry,
izcelsmi, origin
(Latvian)
descendenti.
descendance,
origine, ancestry,
(Romanian)
polveutuminen,
descendance,
syntyperä, ancestry
(synty = birth, perä =,
stern, butt (FinnishUralic)
€ Ÿ
Ÿ - ,
sabracca razam, to
come together,
avâiti [av]jam',
- Ÿ , zbira ,
ayãn [ayare], aêiti
[i] to go, to come, assemble,
'• ¡Ê½ ,
(Avestan)
abjadnoËva , unite,
šodán, ºÄÅ ÆÇÈ to
€ , isci, to go
come together,
(Belarusian)
assemble, gather,
skladac, sklasci, to
yeki kardan,
put together,
hamânidan, to
unite; hampeymân, assemble;
jadnacca, to unite,
ally (Persian)
join together; zlucac,
jadnac, to unite, join
,
(Belarus)
gavert’iandet’, to
do i zajedno, to come
come together,
together, sastaviti,
,
assemble, ujediniti,
sheikribeba,
unite, i i, to go
assemble,
(Croatian)
,
przyjÌ razem, to
gaert’iandes, to
come together,
unite (Georgian)
montowa , to
assemble,
ul- to go, u/ol- go, zjednoczy , to unite,
to start going,
iÌ , to go (Polish)
nun- , nun(-a)-,
san kt kop , to come
un-, ši-(a-), to
together, samont¯t,
come (Urartian)
Éab-an-, to go, itt-, assemble,
apvienoties, unite, iet,
to go, far-, to go,
walk, set off, un-, to go (Latvian)
sÍ vinÍ împreunÍ, to
„n-, to come,
come together,
Éab-an- bring
asambla, assemble, a
(Hurrian)
kam su, assemble uni, to unite,
persons, to collect, CU, with, together,
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
(Armenian)
prejardhjes,
descendance,
origjinë, ancestry
…† ΕϋŒ… Іш, na
érthoun mazí, to come
together,
ŽŒ‘Š‡…••£…‹Œ…,
synkentrónoun,
assemble; enono,
enonomai, unite,
…† Ò±¤, na páo, to go
(Greek)
•
à Ó
•
–,
hamakhmbelu hamar, to
come together,
•
˜ , havak’vel,
assemble, —
– ,
miavorel, unite,
,
gnal, to go (Armenian)
për t'u bashkuar, to come
together, mbledh,
assemble, bashkoj,
unite, montoj, hook up,
grumbulloj, assemble,
lidh, shkrij, to unite,
për të shkuar, to go
(Albanian)
discendenza, descendance,
ascendenza, ancestry
(Italian)
descendance, descendance,
ascendance, ancestry
(French)
eo, ire, ivi and ii,
itum, to go,
coeo-ire; come
together, assemble
uniter, in one
together;
unitas-atis, unity,
oneness
teacht le chéile, to come
together, le chéile, assemble,
unite, dul, to go (Irish)
tighinn còmhla, to come
together, unite,
cruinneachadh, assemble, Gu
bhith a 'dol, to go (Scott)
i ddod at ei gilydd, to come
together, ymgynnull,
assemble,
i ymunoto, to join, i uno, to
unite, affiliate, federate,
amalgamate,
incorporate, i fynd, to go
(Welsh)
venire insieme, to come
together, montare, assemble,
unire, riunire, andare, to go
andare(Italian)
s'unire; réunire, to unite,
aller, to go (French)
Crete
3-51
to go [<OE
g n], or come
[<OE cuman]
together,
assemble,
engage
enemies
unite,
combine
[<Lat
combinare],
form an
alliance
cow? OE, cu
awi, to come (Luvian)
u zzi, uwa-, we->, we/wa,
3-52
ue/uua, anda uwa- to come,
ari, ar/R, to come, to arrive,
i, ie/a, p i->, paii/pai,
pi/pai, pae to go, iyatta, to
walk, taruppae,
taruppiie/a, to collect,
trup, trupinu, to bring
together, to collect, to plaid
togethe, to collect oneself,
to be finished,
trupesr/trupesn, collection,
taks, to unify, devise, gu,
co (CV),
Script N280, Ô488,
R142, R607, R661
ko (KV), Script
N206, N689, N725,
Ô406, Ô887, R31,
R80, R607, G30 Õ
co and ko the
same word?
See also: ITIV
(ITIF), Script,
XÔ-2,
ito (ITV), Script,
N53, Ô117, Ô521,
Ô683, R499, R530,
R619, AK-1,
iton (ITVN), Script
Ak-1, (to go)
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
to bring in (barley,
persons, animals,
documents or
objects), to gather
in barley,
stationed, to
gather animals and
objects, to prepare
for burial, to
place,etc.,
ka ru, assemble
a body of soldiers
into a military
formation,
organize,
strengthen, to
repair, to form a
herd of animals, to
organize a group,
a country, etc.,
kupputu, to
assemble, gather,
collect, es pu, to
gather, to gather
up, to scrape
together, to
decant, to shovel,
am mu, to
gather to oneself,
pluck and gather,
es ru, collect
tribute, to be
collected, press for
payment due, to
put a person under
pressure, lekû, to
go, lianam, to
go?, ak šu,
al ku, to go,
move toward,
nâqu, to go, run,
atalluku,
italluku, to go,
walk about, to
live, ac, be in
motion
(Akkadian)
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
cow (Hittite)
unite, a merge, to go
(Romanian)
tavata, to come
together, koota,
assemble, yhdistää,
unite, mennä, to go
(Finnish-Uralic)
âspaz, poxtan,
©ªÖ× to cook
(Persian)
, saz, to cook,
,
mzareuli, cook
(Georgian)
zapayitR, cook;
sUpakartR a cook
(soup maker); zA, to
roast, cook, pp.
{zAta3} & {zRta3}
(q.v.), {zapa3yatite};
pac, pacati, -te,
to cook, bake, boil,
roast, burn (bricks),
pacakah, cook
ghan karoti, to
congeal, freeze
16 of 44
Ø ½ , zbira , to
collect, - €Ø ½ ,
zastyva hatava , to
cook, Ù Ÿ, kuchar,
cook (Belarusian)
fand=i=nni, cook
(Hurrian)
gotowac, kucharka,
pištu, in pišat
kucharz, cook
mirsi, cook,
(Polish)
kakardinnu, cook kuchar, cook
or baker
(Belarus)
producing special
kuhati, to cook, cook
dishes, endibbu,
(Croatian)
engisu, engû,
a gÍti, to cook,
temple cook,
bucÍtar, cook
mubannûtu,
temple cook,
COC, I cook, they
prebend of temple cook, a gÍti, to cook
cook, mubannû,
(Romanian)
cook for gods,
laittaa ruokaa, to
temple,
cook, kokki, cook
nu atimmu,
(Finnish-Uralic)
cook,
nu atimmatu,
female cook,
n kisu, meat
cook, butcheer,
woodcutter
(Akkadian)
yaxbastegi [n],
freeze; yax bastan,
to freeze (Persian)
,
shegroveba, to
collect,
,
aqvaveba, to
- Ÿ , zbira , to
collect, - Ÿ ,
zastyva , to congeal,
- Ÿ
,
zharnucca, to curdle
(Belarusian)
sakupljati, to collect,
…† І‘‡‰•ÎÚ¤, na
mageirépso, to cook,
ᑇ‰•†•, mágeiras, cook
(Greek)
§ Û– ÜÛ ,
patraste, to cook, ³ ,
yep’yel, cook
(Armenian)
të gatuash, to cook,
gatuaj, bëj gjellë, make a
dish, vë në zjarr, (fire)
sajoj [fig], to cook;
kuzhinier, cook,
(Albanian)
coquo, coquere,
coxi, coctum , to
cook, prepare
food, burn, think
of, meditate
…† ІÑÎÚ¤, na mazépso,
to collect, eispratto,
collect; …† Š•Œ£Ž‡‰, na
kryósei, to congeal, …†
¦•ŒÒ¾Ž‡‰, na chtypísei, to
curdle, pagono, pagoma,
freeze (Greek)
cogo, cogere,
coegi, coactum, to
bring, or
drive, or draw to
one point, to
collect, bring
close together,
cócaráil, to cook (Irish) a
chòcaireachd, to cook (Scott)
arlwyo, to prepare,
provide, cook; coginio, to
cook; digoni, to suffice,
satisfy, cloy, cook; bwyd,
food (Welsh)
cuoco, cuoca cook;
cuccinare, to cook (Italian)
cuisinier, chef
cook; cuisiner, to cook,
gâteau, cake
(French)
to cook, a
cook [<Latin,
coquere]
3-53
ze, zanu, tsnu, to cook,
tse/ts, to be cooked, pstuha
(prstoha? ), cooked dish (of
all kinds), prsuras, cooking
chef, prsuras peda,
cooking area (Hittite)
bródú, to congeal, le curdle,
to curdle, a bhailiú, to collect
(Irish)
gus a ghlanadh, to congeal, a
chruinneachadh, to collect,
gu curdle, to curdle (Scott)
ceulo, to curdle,
to bring to one
point, collect,
congeal [
<Lat.
congelo-are],
freeze [OE
freosan]
coc (CVC)
Script TC201,
N453
koce (KVCE),
Script
R530, R619,
kocer (KVCER),
Script
N363, N391, R607
kokor (KVKVR),
Script N112
cokar (CVKAR),
Script N63
coke (CVKE),
Script Ô406
coko (CVCV),
Script
N1, N31
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
curdle (Georgian)
zyA, zyAyati, to
freeze, coagulate,
harati, sam-, to
collect,
x
kupputu, collect,
assemble, to
gather, kam su, to
collect,
concentrate,
fortify, gather,
make a compact,
etc. (Akkadian)
x
da se zgusne, to
congeal, da se smuƒe,
to curdle (Croatian)
krzenpnac, zamarzac,
congeal (Polish)
marazjc, to freeze;
mierznuc,
zamierznuc, to
freeze; i.e., I am
freezing
(Belarus)
v kt, to collect,
sasprindzin t, to
congeal, sarec¯t, to
curdle (Latvian) a
colecta, to collect, a
congela, to congeal,
sÍ se rÍceascÍ, to
curdle (Romanian)
kerätä, to collect,
perääntyä, to congeal,
kurkistaa, to curdle
(Finnis-Uralic)
x
•
˜ ,
havak’yel, to collect,
—, kkangni, to
congeal,
– Û • – ,
karktaharel, to curdle
(Armenian)
te mbledhesh, to collect,
mpiks, ngrij, ngurtësoj,
to congeal; për të ngrirë,
to congeal, për të
qortuar, to curdle
(Albanian)
x
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
compress, of
liquids, etc. to
thicken, curdle
Horatius Cocles,
Roman hero who
defended bridge
against Etruscans
coagulate, clot, congeal
fferru, to congeal, freeze,
numb, benumb,
perish with cold;
rhewi, to freeze,
congeal (Welsh)
congelare, to freeze, congeal
(Italian)
congeler, to freeze, congeal,
solidify (French)
x
curdle
3-54
Cocle, name?
(related to
Horatius
Cocles?)
cogi (CVbI), Script
Ô243
COCLe (CVCL),
VP-9
3-55
kâleske, rahbare
varzesi, âmuzgar,
coach, rabh, ݬ¹Þ¹
chariot, wagon,
cart (Persian)
cart,
rathin, going in a
carriage, carriage or,
chariotee, rathary,
ratharyati, go in a
chariot; vAhin,
moving on a carriage,
a wagon, chariot,
an army or division
of an army; anas,
cart, heavy wagon
kåetraæ karoti, to
cultivate, farm,
stambha™, column,
gala, throat, neck;
avaTu [m.f.], neck; kR
{kRNo3ti, kRNute3,
karo3ti, kurute; karati,
karti; pp. krata3},
make or begin
something, prepare or
till, do repeatedly;
stambha, post,
column, prop, support;
17 of 44
, k’alata,
,
mts’vrtneli, coach
(Georgian)
markabtu,
nubalu, chariot,
maš ru,
ulukannua type
of chariot,
mariannu, chariot
driver, appati, in
muk l app ti,
ašâtu, in muk l
ašâti, chariot
driver, patt tu,
open chariot,
mugirru, royal or
ceremonial
chariot, wheel of a
chariot or wagon,
marturrû, small
chariot, narkabtu,
chariot, the
constellation
Auriga, ass ru,
charioteer?
(Akkadian)
•€
,
kaliaÌnica, chariot
(Belarusian)
bojna kola, chariot
(Croatian)
rydwan, chariot, wóz,
wagon (Polish)
ratißi, chariot
(Latvian)
car de rÍzboi, chariot
(Romanian)
kärry, cart,
sotavaunut, chariot
(Finnish-Uralic)
Ø ½ ½ ,
ku tyvava , to
cultivate,
¡ ,
kalonka, column,
ð •, šyja, neck
(Belarusian)
kultivirati, to
cultivate, kolona,
column, vrat, neck
(Croatian)
hodowac, uprawiac,
cultivate, szyja, neck
(Polish)
labânu, neck,
kultiv¯t, to cultivate,
tendon of the
kolonna, column,
neck, kiš du,
neck, throat of
kakls, neck (Latvian)
human being,
a cultiva, to cultivate,
animal, god, string coloanÍ, column, gât,
of beads, jewelry,
kestzâr, kestokâr,
farm; gardan,
gardane, º»ìï
neck, gullet, garib,
neck, (Persian)
,
gasheneba, to
cultivate,
,
sveti, column,
, k’iseri,
neck (Georgian)
±•Ð†a, árma, ±Ð†“†
ámaxa, coach, car, cab,
carriage, Š±•‹, káro,
cart, wagon, dray,
bagoni, wagon
(Greek)
–Û
À˜,
martakarrk’, chariot
(Armenian)
koçi, chariot (Albanian)
…† Š†²²‰‡•‘¾Ž‡‰, na
kalliergísei, to cultivate,
Ž•¾²õ, stíli, column,
²†‰Ðó•, laimós, neck
(Greek)
ö
,
mshakel, to cultivate,
ÜÂ
, syunak,
column, — ´, vizy, neck
(Armenian)
për të kultivuar, to
cultivate, kolonë,
column, grykë, qafë,
neck, për të kultivuar, to
cultivate (Albanian)
chariot?, chariot (Irish)
cairt [f] cartach, cartachean,
cart, carbad carriage, chariot
(Scott)
cisum-iam,
cerbyd-au, chariot, coach,
chariot,
car; cert-i, cart (Welsh)
light two-wheeled cocchio, chariot, coach
vehicle;
(Italian)
carrus-i; wagon;
char, chariot, coche, coach
currus-us, chariot, (French)
racing car
collum-i; neck;
colo, colere,
colui,cultum,
to cultivate
chariot, [<Lat.
carrus,
vehicle] light
two-wheeled
vehicle,
cart, [<ON
cartir]
coach
[<Hung.
kocsi]
kukäl [B kokale], chariot,
wagon (Tocharian)
carati, car (Hittite)
3-56
a chothú, to cultivate, colún,
column, muineál, neck
(Irish)
gus àiteach, to cultivate,
colbh, column, amhach, neck
(Scott)
amaethu, to farm, till,
cultivate; arail, to guard, care
for, foster, cultivate;
diwyllio, to cultivate;
colofn-au, column, pillar,
gwar-rau, neck; gwddf-au,
throat, neck; (Welsh)
coltivare, to cultivate,
colonna, column, collo, neck
(Italian)
cultiver, to cultivate,
colonne, column,
neck? [<OE
knecca], to
cultivate
hoe [<OFr.
houe, of
Gmc. origin],
inhabit, attend
to, honor,
worship,
court; column
[<Lat.
columna-ae,
pillar,
column],
pillar?
3-57
cokie (CVKIE),
Script ?: Cokie proper name, same
suffix as in Helen's
name, ELINEI.
See cisum
This word is not at
Z59 where it was
previously believed
to be located.
cole (CVLE) Script
K195
kolem (KVLEM),
Script Z1600;
context: SEVS
RVN KVLEM
"Zeus I watch the
neck"?
KOLeN (KVLeN),
Script R120
KOLeRE
(KVLeRE),
Script K64
Kolem, probably
refers to the neck,
since the word is
used on the
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
cou, neck (French)
obstruction,
hinderance, arrogance,
haughtiness
amulet, canal,
ditch, shore of sea,
dad nu, neck
muscles,
gišma u,
column, beam
(Akkadian)
neck (Romanian)
viljellä, to cultivate,
sarake, column,
niska, neck (FinnishUralic)
wrappings of the
Zagreb Mummy.
kñuk, neck (Tocharian)
kuttar, neck? (Hittite)
vaqti, ÷ªø¼ conj.
when, ky ÷û , adv.,
when, who, whom
(Persian)
inna-, when, ai(-),
when, if (Hurrian)
Cathain, when (Irish)
x
dRbh, dRbhati, to
bunch together, string
together, connect,
compose, write; rac,
racayati {pp. racita},
produce, form, make,
contrive, arrange,
effect, compose, write,
invent; racan ,
composition (book),
praü tam, composition
(work) grath, granth,
grathnAti, to tie or
string together,
compose, write
en ma, en mišu,
in mi, conj.,
when, innanu,
when, after, conj.,
en ma, en mišu,
when, into,
in mti, conj.,
when, on the
occasion of, mati,
matimê, when?,
whenever, never,
eventually, all the
time, as soon as,
k ma, conj.
(when, that, so
that, if, in case, in
the manner of,
according to, as
soon as, as,
whether, because,
on account of,
matima,
whenever in the
past, sometime in
the past, nevedr,
ever, at any time
Akkadian)
neveštan, ©ªÅþÿ to
compose, create,
pen, write,
sakhtan, ©ª!¶#
build, compose,
fashion, engineer
(Persian)
,
shesak’mnelad, to
compose,
,
moatsqos, to
arrange
(Georgian)
ka ru , to
compose a text,
collect, construct,
to join, to tie, to
repair, to organize,
to prepare for
battle, etc.
(Akkadian)
mu, þ• hair,
mudar,¹»þ• hairy
(Persian)
, t’mebi,
hairy,
, t’ma
hair (Georgian)
18 of 44
, kali, when
(Belarusian)
kada, when
(Croatian)
pakul, conj. as
long as, while,
when (Belarus)
gdy, when (Polish)
kad, when (Latvian)
cand, when
(Romanian)
kun, when, as, since
(Finnish-Uralic)
- $
, zla%y , to
compose,
Ÿ
- ½ ,
arhanizava , to
arrange (Belarusian)
sastaviti, to compose,
organizirati, to
arrange (Croatian)
komponowac,
skladac, stanowic,
compose (Polish)
sast d t, to compose,
organiz¯t, to arrange
(Latvian)
a compune, to
compose, a aranja, to
arrange (Romanian)
säveltää, to compose,
järjestää, to arrange
(Finnish-Uralic)
½ € Ø , valasaty,
hairy, ½ € , valasy,
hair (Belarusian)
dlakav, hairy, dlaka,
hair (Croatian)
matains, hairy, mati,
hair (Latvian)
Òó•‡, póte, when, 󕆅,
otan, ±Ð†, áma, when,
(Greek)
–Ó, yerb, when
(Armenian)
kur, adv., when, kur,
conj., when, as, while
(Albanian)
cuin, when (Scott)
pyrd, adv. pan, conj. when; ,
(Welsh)
quando, when (Italian)
quand, when (French)
cum [older version
änt -ne (conj.)[B ente],
quom]
when (Tocharian)
kuwapi, when, man, when,
if, whether, kusan, when,
sometime, kusan ima,
whenever, taku, when, if
(Hittite)
…† ŽŒ…ÏÎŽ‡‰, na
synthései, to compose,…†
‹•‘†…£Ž‡‰, na organósei,
to arrange (Greek)
•
–,
kazmelu hamar, to
compose,
–§ ,
kazmakerpel, to arrange
(Armenian)
hartoj, përbëj,
composoj, krijoj,
faqos, rendit,
rendis, vendos,
rregulloj, përgatit,
radhit, compose
(Albanian)
como, comere,
compsi, comptum,
to put together,
make tidy,
arrange, adorn;
esp. of the hair
••‰¦¤•ó•, trichotós,
hairy, І²²‰±, malliá,
hair (Greek)
Û, mazot, hairy,
–´, mazery, hair
(Armenian)
me flokë, hairy, qime,
comatus-a-um,
hairy, capillus-i,
hair of the head or
bear, a hair,
crinis-is, pilus-is,
hair,
crinalis-e, of and
a chumadh, to compose
(Irish)
a sgr*obhadh, to compose
(Scott)
cfansoddi, to compose,
constitute, compile,
indicate (Welsh)
disporrer, combinare,
to arrange; comporre,
to compose (Italian)
arranger, to arrange;
compter, to reckon,
count, rely (French)
gruaige, hair (Irish)
faltach, hairy, falt, hair
(Scott)
blewyn, hair; blewog,
gwalltog, hairy, shaggy
(Welsh)
peloso, hairy, pelo, hair
when,
whenever,
since,
although, as
3-58
cum, com, (CVM),
Script N378
kum (KVM), Script
N-1, N31, N149,
N184, N391, N417,
Ô297, Ô303, Ô468,
Ô871, APH-17
See cis, Chis above
compose,
make tidy,
arrange, [OFr.
arangier]
organize
[<Latin,
organum,
instrument]
3-59
hairy [<OE
haë r]
3-60
koma (KVMA),
Script Ô871, R294,
R633
komiav, komiab,
komiau
(KVMIA8),
Script N505
komo (KVMV),
Script N748
comate (CVMATE)
Script N378
komate
(KVMATE),
Script R306
komates
(KVMATES),
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
(Italian)
poilu, hairy, cheveux, hair
(French)
lo(ro)maÌa™, hairy,
lo(ro)maÌat , hair
atiloma, adj., too
hairy; romaza, adj.,
covered
with thick hair, very
hairy; vAlamaya, adj.,
made of hair, hairy;
lomavant, having hair,
hairy; romaNvant,
adj., covered with hair,
hairy.
anu-gacchati, anveti
to accompany
go with), sac, sacate
be united, have
intercourse with,
be attached or
devoted to, attend
on, accompany,
follow, pursue;
gam, gacchati, -te,
gamati, ganti
go, move, get at,
depart, die, explain,
take to wife, invent,
go after, observe,
visit, accompany
kizirtu , hair, lock
of hair, curl,
la mu, adj.,
hairy, la mu, adj.,
hairy, shaggy,
la mu, to be
hairy (Akkadian)
timâr, ޶ǜ+
attendance,
hamanvazy
kardan, >@¹þYÇ\
º»ìû to accompany
(Persian)
, ert’ad, to
accompany
(Georgian)
nentû,
accompany, to go
with each other, to
go parallel to each
other (Akkadian)
pÍros, hairy, pÍr, hair
(Romanian)
karvainen, hairy,
hiukset, hair
(Finnish-Uralic)
€ žŸ ½ $ ,
supravad%a , to
accompany
(Belarusian)
supravadzac, to
accompany
(Belarus)
pratiti, to accompany
(Croatian)
pavad t, to
accompany (Latvian)
a acompania, to
accompany
(Romanian)
seurata, to
accompany (FinnishUralic)
hair (Albanian)
for the hair
…† ŽŒ…‹^‡¥Ž‡‰, na
synodéfsei, to
comito-are, Conj.
accompany (Greek)
3rd Pers. Single
” ` , ughekts’yel, to comitet
accompany (Armenian)
për të shoqëruar, to
accompany (Albanian)
tarsân, ºÄÿ¶#ì+ to
threaten, scare,
etc., nefrin, ©|ì~ÿ
ban, curse,
imprecation
(Persian)
,
damuk’reba, to
threaten,
,
ts’q’evla, to curse
(Georgian)
tarjayati, to threaten
divya, anything
heavenly, divine,
wonderful, splendid;
ordeal, oath;
19 of 44
ž Ÿ $ , pahra%a ,
to threaten,
žŸ
,
praklina , to curse
(Belarusian)
paq ru, to
prijetiti, to threaten,
threaten, to
psovati, to curse
challenge, to
(Croatian)
…† †Ò‡‰²¾Ž¤, na
contest, to claim
apeilíso, to threaten, …†
property, to lay
Š†•†•‰Î•†‰, na katariétai,
grozi , to threaten,
claim to, etc.,
to curse (Greek)
alpu, threatening, przeklina , to curse
ܧ , sparrnal, to
aliptu, izru,
(Polish)
izzirtu, curse,
threaten, • •  ,
draud¯t, to threaten,
arratu, accursed
hayhoyel, to curse
l sts, to curse
person, nizirtu,
(Armenian)
accursed person or (Latvian)
te kercenosh, to threaten,
animmal, err ru, a amenin•a, to
threaten, a blestema, për të mallkuar, to curse
one who curses,
(Albanian)
to curse (Romanian)
ar ru, ez ru, to
curse, naz ru, to
uhata, to threaten,
curse the gods, to kirota, to curse
utter curses, to be (Finnish-Uralic)
cursed, to
blaspheme, to
abuse, insult, to
keep insulting, to
call names, to
cause to be hated,
to make
detestable, arru,
nazru, adj.,
cursed (Akkadian)
zaminesâzi, sâxto
pâxt, hamvârsâzi,
conspiracy [n]
sowgand, peymân,
oath [n] (Persian)
,
miighos p’its’i, to
,
prynia prysiahu, to
take an oath
(Belarusian)
poduzeti zakletvu, to
take an oath
(Croatian)
, na orkisteí,
to take an oath (Greek)
€
,
yerdum talu hamar, to
take an oath (Armenian)
për të marrë një betim, to
take an oath, përbetim,
comminor-ari, to
threaten; cum ni,
not like, not as
Script Ô887
KOMATeS
(KVMATeS),
Script N748
crinal, Script
CP-21
(see cra)
Unable to locate
mirror CP to verify
word.
urü, tuft of hair (Tocharian)
ishie/ni, body hair, tetanas,
hair, ishil, hair, bond, band
(Hittite)
chun gabháil leis, to
accompany (Irish)
a dhol còmhla, to accompany
(Scott)
i fynd gyda nhw, to
accompany, hebrwny, to
conduct, convey, escort,
accompany, convoy (Welsh)
accompagner, to accompany
(Italian)
accompagner, to accompany
(French)
chun bagairt, to threaten, le
curse, to curse? (Irish)
gus bagairt, to threaten,
mhallachd, cursed (Scott)
i fygythiad, to threaten, i
ladrhain, to curse (Welsh)
comminare, to comminate,
threaten, Woe to you!,
maledire, to curse (Italian)
menacer, to threaten,
maudire, to curse (French)
kälts -, to be threatened
(Tocharian)
tarta , curse (Palaic)
to accompany
[<OFr.
accompagner]
to guide
3-61
threatened,
cursed
3-62
komite (KVMITE)
Script Aph-2
Context: IAN
KVMITE, Janus
you would/should
accompany
comni (CVMNI),
Script AR-2, SM-2
Note: This word
appears on two
cinerary urns with
the image of a man
being stabbed by
two ruffians.
tatariamans, curse, tataria,
to curse (Luvian)
rhundali, threatening,
attacking, to pose a threat,
hurtai/hurti, curse,
hu(ua)rta/hu(ua)rt,
huuart/hurt, hwart/hurt,
to curse (Hittite)
coniuro-are, to
take an oath;
conspiro-are, to
blow or breathe
together; of
instruments to
blow together; to
mionn a ghlacadh, to take an
oath (Irish)
bòid a ghabhail, to take an
oath (Scott)
bradfwriadu, to plot,
conspire; cynllwyn, to
plot, conspire,
to take an
oath,
conspire?
3-63
cona (CVNA),
Script
K55, K124, XM-2
Kona (KVNA),
Script Aph-3
conoeri
(CVNVERI),
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
20 of 44
zøoƒy przysi„g„, to
take an oath,
konspirowac,
spiskowac,
adê, n š, to take an conspire (Polish)
zv…restu, to take an
oath, nad nu, to
oath (Latvian)
make a person
take an oath, to
s† depun† jur†mânt,
offer a gift, a
to take an oath
sacrifice, to make (Romanian)
a payment, etc.
vannovat valan, to
(Akkadian)
take an oath (FinnishUralic)
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
take an oath
(Georgian)
•apatha‚ karoti, to
take an oath
sharje, nëme, oath;
conspiroj, to conspire;
complotoj, to plot
(Albanian)
agree, harmonize
in opinion and
feeling; conspire
intrigue, ambush, lurk, beset;
arfoll-au
pledge, oath, welcome
reception; llw-on oath; mynd
ar ei lw, to take an oath
(Welsh)
fare un giuramento, to take
an oath congiurare, to
conspire; comploto, to plot
(Italian)
prêter serment, to take an
oath, conspirer, to conspire;
complot, plot (French)
Script Z755, M-8
MAM TU, oath,
linkai/lenkai, oath, perjury,
linknu/lenknu, to swear an
oath (Hittite)
•a‡taˆ, conch shell,
•a‡khaˆ, conch
vy khy ti, to interpret
kuto na sambadhyate,
to explain, interpret,
nirukta, adj. uttered,
pronounced, declared,
explained,
etymological
interpretation:
k–—ik , the horn of
any animal
grath, to fasten, tie, or
string things together,
arrange,
bandh, fasten,
sambadhn ti, connect
sdf, ‰Š‹ conch
(Persian)
, konch’i,
conch (Georgian)
gozâres, tafsir,
interpretation
(Persian)
,
gansazghvra,
construe,
,
tsilisqrit’, cast lots
(Georgian)
bastan, ²³´µ fasten,
tie up, etc.
(Persian)
,
dakavshireba,
connect,
,
damagreba, fasten,
,
savaldebuloa, bind
(Georgian)
pâdu, to fasten, to
have something
fastened, p du,
adj., fastened,
fixed, kar su, to
fasten, to tie,
p d tu, adj.,
fastening,
ann qu,
fastening, a kind
of fastening,
strangler
(Akkadian)
Œ•ŒŽ• Œ,
rakavina, conch
(Belarusian)
ljuštura, conch
(Croatian)
oša, conch (Latvian)
scoic†, conch
(Romanian)
kotilo, conch
(Finnish-Uralic)
••˜Œ ™› Œœ , kida
žerabia, cast lots,
•Ÿ Œ¡
,
tluma¢y , construe
(Belarusian)
byctlumaczem,
interpretowac,
tlumaczyc,
interpret (Polish)
baci puno, cast lots,
protuma¢iti, construe
(Croatian)
cast partijas, cast lots,
interpret…t, construe
(Latvian)
au aruncat loturi, cast
lots, interpreta,
constue (Romanian)
tulkita, construe,
valitaan paljon, cast
lots (Finnish-Uralic)
¶Ÿ ¡Œ ,
zlu¢a , connect,
¶ Œ ŒŽŒ ,
zmacava , fasten,
Ž ¶ŽŒ ,
pryviazva , bind
(Belarusian)
Spojiti, connect,
pri¢vrstiti, fasten,
vezati, bind
(Croatian)
savienot, connect,
piespr dz…t, fasten,
saist·t, bind (Latvian)
conecta¸i, to connect,
fixa, fasten, lega,
bind (Romanian)
kytkeä, connect,
kiinnittyä, fasten,
sitoa, bind (FinnishUralic)
• ‘
, voúkino, conch
(Greek)
“ ”•, kons, conch
(Armenian)
kërmill, conch
(Albanian)
concha-ae
conch, conch (Irish)
conch, conch (Scott)
conch, conch (Welsh)
conchiglia, conch (Italian)
conque, conch (French)
sea-shell,
hence a
konce (KVNCE)
shell-fish, esp. Script AF-11
mussel or
pearl-oyster,
conch
3-64
£¤ ‘¥, erminévo,
construe, interpret, ¦ ¥
§¨ ©ª, ríchno klírous,
cast lots (Greek)
“” « ” ¬- ”,
meknabanut’yun,
construe, ®¯ °
±,
gts’yel shatery, cast lots
(Armenian)
interpretoj, construe,
shpjegoj, luaj,
komentoj, përkthej
gojarisht, interpret,
hidhni shumë, cast lots
(Albanian)
conicio-icere-ieci
iectum;
interprespretis, a
negoitator,
mediator,
messenger;
expounder,
explainer,
prophet,
prophetess,
interpreter
© ¹º¥- ©¥¹ £ ,
conecto-necterenexui-nexum
syndéo-syodeomai,
connect,
» ¥,
stereóno, fasten, ¹º ¥,
déno, bind (Greek)
¼ ¯ ½, miats’yek’,
connect,
¯” ±,
amrats’nely, fasten,
“ ¾ , kapum, bind
(Armenian)
lidh, connect, bind,
kapem, fasten (Albanian)
tógáil, construe, aistriú,
translate, léirmhíniú,
translate, interpret, go leor
caitheadh, cast lots (Irish)
togail, construe, mìneachadh,
to interpret, eadartheangachadh, translate, a
'tilgeil chrann, cast lots
(Scott)
cyfieithu, to translate,
interpret, construe,
render; dehongli, to interpret,
construe, decipher, cast
llawer, cast lots (Welsh)
interpretare, to
interpret, construe, lanciare
lotti, cast lots (Italian)
interpréter, to
interpret, construe, tirer au
sort, cast lots (French)
ceangal, connect (Irish)
ceangal, connect (Scott)
cysylltu, connect (Welsh)
collagere, unire, connect,
allacciare, fasten (Italian)
joindre, unir, connect,
boucler, fasten (French)
to throw
together,
cast lots;
[<OE hlots]
guess,
interpret
dreams,
hurl throw
away
konikau, konikav
(KVNIKAF)
Script Q767, Q795,
Q805
See CVRNAS
3-65
fasten, [<OE f
æstnian], tie
together,
connect, join,
unite, bind
[<OE bindan]
konis (KVNIS)
Script CP-26
3-66
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
prAcurya, multitude,
plenty; visara, plenty,
abundance; saMdoha,
milking; abundance,
plenty; saMnicaya,
piling up, collecting;
heap, mass, plenty,
provision
hrid, bukkA, heart;
hRtstha, adj., being in
the heart;
buddhizuddhi,
purification of the
heart; hArdvan, adj.
heart-comforting:
agram Âsa, the heart
uta- (pref.) much,
great (Avestan)
farâvân, besyâr,
farâxi, plenty
(Persian)
,
uamravi, plenty
(Georgian)
nu šu, plenty,
abundance,
prosperity, napšu,
plentiful, abundant
(Akkadian)
del, ÃÄ heart
(Persian)
, guli, heart
(Georgian)
tiž-a, tiž-ni, tiža,
tiž-na, tiša, heart,
ištani, heart,
inside, middle
(Hurrian)
libbu, heart, bud,
offshoot,
abdomen, entrails,
mind, thought,
courage, wish, etc.,
nup ru, heart,
mood (Akkadian)
gramy dashtan,
²³ÇÈÄ ÉÊÈËÌ to care
for, cherish, honor,
hold dear, parvâ,
care, darmân
kardan, behbudi
dâdan, to cure,
senâ, senate
(Persian)
, izruno,
to care for,
, senat’i
(Georgian)
maÍÍartu, proper
care for fields,
AdhI, thought,
care; cintana, thinking gardens, duty,
watch, etc.,
of,
as su, care for,
consideration,
to think of a
reflection; care for;
person, to be
Adhi, thought, care,
pious, to study,
woe, sorrow, sacanasy, investigate, to
-syate,
worry, etc., idû, to
to show tenderness or care for
care
something,
somebody, to
recognize, to
mark, etc.,
paq du, to take
care of a house,
people, animals,
etc., â u, to take
care of, explore,
pay, watch over,
na ru, to take
care of, safeguard,
to serve, etc.,
na’ du, to take
care, to attend, to
pay attention, etc.
(Akkadian)
pramiti, correct
notion, true
knowledge or
inference; prApta,
21 of 44
dorost, correct,
adj. (Persian)
, sts’ori,
correct (Georgian)
¿ Œ•, šmat, plenty
(Belarusian)
mnogo, plenty
(Croatian)
mnostwo, obfiosc,
wiele, plenty;
obfitosc,
abundance (Polish)
daudz, plenty
(Latvian)
mul¸ime, plenty
(Romanian)
paljon, plenty
(Finnish-Uralic)
› Œ, serca, heart
(Bearusian)
srce, heart (Croatian)
kier, serce, heart
(Polish)
širdis, heart,
(Lithuanian)
sirds, heart (Latvian)
inim†, heart
(Romanian)
sydän, heart (FinnishUralic)
•ŸŒ Œ • Œ Œœ,
klapacicca ab, to care
for (Belarusian)
brinuti za, to care for
(Croatian)
dba o, to care for,
(Polish)
r–p…ties par, to care
for (Latvian)
a tine la ceva, to care
for (Romanian)
pitää huolta, to care
for (Finnish-Uralic)
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
cupo, copona, a
small shopkeeper
ÀÁ
, afthonía, plenty or innkeeper;
(Greek)
copia-ae, plenty,
°
±, shatery, plenty abundance,
(Armenian)
supplies, troops;
bollëk, begati,
copiosus-a-um,
abundance; me
wealthy, abundant,
bollëk, me shumicë,
of speech,
copious (Albanian)
eloquent
neart, plenty (Irish)
gu leòr, plenty (ScotsGaelic)
digon, plenty, abledd, ability,
abundance, plenty ablwch,
plenty; gwala, enough,
plenty, full (Welsh)
copia, copy, plenty
(Italian)
copieux, adj. copious,
abundant (French)
copia, plenty
[<Lat.
plenus-a-um,
full, complete,
filled, well
-stocked],
abundance
3-67
kope (KVPE)
Script R653
kopi (KVPI), Script
N357
kopis (KVPIS),
Script MS-18
copos (CVPVS),
Script MA-3,
MS18
pankues, pngues, plentiful,
to become plentiful
¹ Å, kardiá, heart
(Greek)
•¼ ±, sirty, heart
(Armenian)
zemër, heart, guxim,
kurajë, courage, shpirt,
spirit, mes, middle
(Albanian)
À
Î ,
na frontízei, to care for
(Greek)
€ ®
”
€
,
hog tanelu hamar, to care
for (Armenian)
të kujdesesh për, to care
for, universitetit, senat,
senate (Albanian)
croí, heart (Irish)
cridhe, heart (Scots-Gaelic)
asgre, bosom, heart bryd-iau,
mind, heart, will; calon-nauf,
heart, core (Welsh)
cuore, heart (Italian)
heart [<OE
coeur, heart (French)
heorte]
cor, cordis
riñc [B arañce], heart
(Tocharian)
3-68
kor (KVR),
Script Au44
kore (KVRE),
Script
N31
core (CVRE),
Script Z96
kart, heart (Palaic)
tsart, tsart(i), heart (Luvian)
kir, heart, ker/krd(i) heart,
center, core, SÆ, heart,
innards (Hittite)
curia-ae, senate or
meeting place of
the senate;
curo-are, to
care for, pay
attention to
cúram a thabhairt, to care for
(Irish)
gus cùram a ghabhai, to care
for (Scott)
i ofalu amdano, to care for,
cur-iau, throb, ache, pain,
beat, care, trouble; gofal-on,
care, charge, concern, cure;
senedd-au, senate,
parliament
(Welsh)
curare, to care for;
curia, curia (Italian)
guérir, to cure, to heal,
s'occuper de, to care for
(French)
neñci (adv.), carefully,
destinctly (Tocharian)
to care [<OE
cearu]. for, the
curia, senate?
This word is
probably the
senate,
curia-ae, as
the suffix, "ia"
denotes a
name of a
person or
place
koraia (KVRAIA),
Script R-31
koreia (KVREIA),
Script Q24
This is probably
"senate, curia"
noted by the suffix
"ia."
3-69
asnu, to take care of, snu, to
take care of, to be done
with, to deliver, assianu, to
care, make beloved (Hittite)
ŒŽ•Ÿ
, praviÏny,
correct (Belarusian)
ispravan, correct
(Croatian)
¥ óª, sostós, correct
(Greek)
м° Ñ, chisht e, correct
(Armenian)
corrigo-riger-rexi
rectum
ceart, correct (Irish)
ceart, correct (Scots-Gaelic)
ceryddu, to correct,
chastise, punish,
put straight,
set right,
reform,
correct,
KOReK (KVReK),
Script Z1250
KOReG (KVReG),
Script R359
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
arrived at; valid,
correct; zudh, zundh,
pp. zuddha; refl.
{zu3dhyati (-te)} to
become purified,
justified; purify mend,
purge, correct, try
improve, restore
udeti, to arise
eš ru, straighten
up, to charge an
enemy, to be or
become all right,
, to put or keep in
good order, clear
up, to set aright, to
provide justice,
etc., kânu, to
correct, , to
organize, to put in
order, to assign a
person to a
position, an office,
to grant, to act as a
witness, confirm,
to certify, etc.,
k niš, correctly,
duly, in due form,
truthfully, loyally,
etc., ginû,
correctness,
offering, regular
offering,
normality, etc.
(Akkadian)
,
ts’armoikmneba,
to arise (Georgian)
našû, to rise,
arise, tp be lifted
up hold a
document to take
away, etc.,
nap u, to rise, ,
to glow (said of
stars, moon, sun,
etc.) to become
visible, to light a
fire, a stove, etc.,
naba’u, to rise
(said of a flood),
a û , rise (said of
stars), to grow, to
disappear, come
out of temple, etc.
(Akkadian)
šox, ×ØÇ horn
(Persian)
, rka, horn
(Georgian)
k–—ik , the horn of
any animal, •Ö‡gam,
horn
garnu, horn
(Akkadian)
jaitrayAtrA, triumphal
procession; yAtrin,
y tr ,
rezhe,
parade,
tsa'd, ŠÛØÜÝ
procession,
advance (Persian)
,
msvleloba,
procession
(Georgian)
being in a march or
procession; vah,
vahati, -te, conduct,
carry an oblation,
draw a wagon, guide
the horses, lead a wife
from her father's
house, transport,
guide, drive
x
karac, korygowac,
poprawic, to correct,
(Polish)
pareizi, correct
(Latvian)
a corecta, to correct
(Romanian)
oikea, correct
(Finnish-Uralic)
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
rebuke; cywiro, to
correct, amend, revise,
rectify, make good, set
right, emend (Welsh)
correggere, to correct
(Italian)
corriger, to correct (French)
për të
korrigjuarqortoj, to
reprove,
për të korrigjuar, to
correct (Albanian)
¶ ••Œ ,
uznika , to arise
(Belarusian)
uzdi i se, to arise
(Croatian)
celties, to arise
(Latvian)
s† apar†, to arise
(Romanian)
nousta, to arise
(Finnish-Uralic)
Ò
‘Ó ,
na prokýpsei, to arise
(Greek)
Ô Õ ”
€
,
arrajanalu hamar, to arise
(Armenian)
të lindë, to arise
(Albanian)
Ù , roh, horn
(Belarusian)
rog, horn (Croatian)
rags, horn (Latvian)
corn, horn
(Romanian)
sarvi, horn (FinnishUralic)
º
, kérato, horn
(Greek)
« Ú¼“” , beghikner,
(Armenian)
bri, horn (Albanian)
ra, correct (Hittite)
coorior-ori-ortus,
to appear;
coortus-us,
arising, breaking
forth
chun cinn, to arise (Irish)
gus èirigh, to arise (ScotsGaelic)
i godi, to arise (Welsh)
sorgere, to arise (Italian)
surgir, se lever, to arise
(French)
[<Latin,
corrigere]
amend
3-70
arising,
breaking forth
3-71
ko
korato (KVRATV)
Script R175, R188
k tka-, to rise, arise,
k tklune, rising (Tocharian)
pahs, to rise (Hittite0
cornu-us
adharc, horn (Irish)
adharc, horn (Scots-Gaelic)
corn, horn (Wesh)
corno, horn (Italian)
corne, horn (French)
horn [<OE]
cornas (CVRNAS),
Script AT-14
3-72
kar war, horn (Hittite)
pupp ) (Greek
word), procession,
mašda u,
processional road,
procession
(Akkadian)
¿› Þ, šescie,
procession
(Belarusian)
procesija, procession
(Croatian)
pochod, procesja,
procession
(Polish)
g jiens, procession
(Latvian)
procesiune,
procession
(Romanian)
kulkue, procession
(Finnish-Uralic)
Ò £Ò¨, pompí,
procession (Greek)
¬±, yert’y, procession
(Armenian)
kortezh, vargan,
procesion, procession
(Albanian)
x
x
x
pompa-ae;
procession, also
currus-us;
processus-us,
advance, parade;
ostentatio-onis,
showing off,
revealing,
display; Mil.
display, deccurrere
próiseas, procession (Irish)
caismeachd, procession
(Scots-Gaelic)
gorymdaith,
procession (Welsh)
corteo, processione,
procession
(Italian)
cortége, procession,
procession (French
procession,
train, [<Lat.
processus-us,
advance]
parade
[<Lat.
aparo-are, to
prepare]
cortus (CVRTVS),
Script R229
See also:
POMPOI
(PVMPVI), TC104
3-73
niasha, procession (Hittite)
x
x
Cos, the
island Cos?
kos (KVS) Script
CP-29
3-74
brav·t, br–te, to assert,
22 of 44
angize, sabab,
bahân, cause
vânemud kardan,
¡
, pry¢yny,
cause (Belarusian)
uzroci, cause, tvrditi,
, aítia, cause,
Ò
Ò ‘£ ,
prospoioúmai, pretend,
causor-ari
cúiseanna, cause (Irish)
adhbharan, cause (ScotsGaelic)
to give as a
reason, plead,
pretend
cose (CVSE) Script
Z71;
coso (CVSV),
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
AdimUla, the first
cause; kisalay-yati, to
cause to sprout or
germinate
x
bahâne kardan, to
pretend (Persian)
,
mizezebi, cause,
,
amt’k’itseben,
assert,
,
p’ret’enzia,
pretend (Georgian)
x
assert, pretvarati se,
pretend (Croatian)
pretensje,
symulowac,
udawac, pretend
powod, proces,
przyczyna, cause
(Polish)
c lo i, cause,
izlikties, pretend,
aizst v t, assert
(Latvian)
syyt, cause,
teeskennellä, pretend,
puolustaa, assert
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
, diekdikísei,
assert (Greek)
,
patcharrnery, cause,
,
havaknel, pretend,
, hastatel,
assert (Armenian)
bëj gjoja, shtirem,
hiqem, pretendoj,
përpiqem, provoj,
to pretend; arësye, shkak,
arsye, kauzë, cështj,
cause (Albanian)
x
achos-ion, cause, affair,
behalf; haeru, to affirm,
assert, allege, insist; honni,
to assert, profess, pretend,
(Welsh)
causa, cause (Italian)
cause, cause (French)
[<Lat.
praetendo
tendere -tendi
tentum, to
stretch or
hold out,
assert, allege,
hold out as a
pretext]
3-75
x
x
Kotep, Koteb,
personal
name?
3-76
a ni sevam na , to
brood (eggs), ste, sit,
upavi ati, avati hate,
to incubate, haks,
brood, offspring,
progeny, ch dayati, to
cover, overspread,
protect
ba e, ۥ brood,
baby, infant, etc.,
jvjh ‚vry, ƒ„… †‡†
hatch, incubation
(Persian)
, shvria, to
brood,
,
inkubats’ia, to
incubate
(Georgian)
l d nu, brood (of
birds, snakes), the
young of an
animal, bastard,
child of a slave
girl, andullu,
andillu, cover,
canopy, protection
(Akkadian)
s§jati, conceive in the
mind, karoti, to make,
mA, mimIte,
{mamAti, MAti, pp.
mita} to measure,
build, erect, apportion,
fashion,
make, create,
compose;
Ir, Irte, move, rise,
speak, cast, put
together, shape, create,
produce; vRt, vartate,
ti, vavartti, to revolve,
roll, go on, conduce or
tend to, have
intercourse with, lead
a life or exist
{njIvitam},
overcome, escape,
{nis}, roll out, bring
forth, create, effect
perform, accomplish
23 of 44
ˆ‰Š ‹Œ•Ž‰•ˆ•, dlia
rasplodu, to brood,
‘“”••Œ–Œ—˜,
nkubava™, to incubate
(Belarusian)
potomstwo, wylag,
wysiadywac jaja,
zamyslic sie
gleboko, brood
(Polish)
pasti, to brood,
inkubirati, to incubate
(Croatian)
izaudz t, to brood,
inkub t, to incubate
(Latvian)
sš mšnânci, to brood,
sš se incubeze, to
incubate (Romanian)
leskellä,, to brood,
inkuboida, to
incubate (FinnishUralic)
›œ • ››
, na gennísei,
to brood, • œ žŸœ ,
gia epóasi, to incubate,
paidia, klosso,
epoazo, brood
(Greek)
¡¢
£
¤ ,
ts’voreni hamar, to
brood, £ ¢¥¦
,
inkubatel, to incubate
(Armenian)
bluaj me mendje
[fig.], ngroh vezët, to
brood; ngroh, rri
kllockë, nxjerr, to
incubate (Albanian)
incubo-are-ui-itum
le bréag, to brood, chun
éadáil, to incubate (Irish)
s an Ear-Dheas, to brood,
incubated, incubate (Scott)
deor, to brood, hatch,
incubate; epil, offspring,
brood, progeny (Welsh)
covare, to sit on, incubate,
brood, harbor, cherish, to
smoulder embers (Italian)
couver, to sit on [oeufs],
brood, hatch, brew,
smoulder, incubées, incubate
(French)
to brood,
incubate,
cover
3-77
•®–Œ‹Œ—˜, stvara™, to
create (Belarusian)
tvaryc, v. imp.,
stvarc, v. perf., to
create (Belarus)
stvoriti, to create
(Croatian)
rad¯t, to create
fud-, to create,
(Latvian)
beget (Hurrian)
pat qu, to create, a crea, to create,
form a structure,
CRAI, prince, king;
fashion, to cast
CREE, CREA, to
metals, etc., pitqu, create, CREIA, I, you
creation, cast,
created (Romanian)
metalwork, pen,
shelter, brickwork, luoda, to create
(Finnish-Uralic)
creature, etc.,
nad nu, to create,
hand over, give, to
surrender, etc.,
liptu, creation of
human beings,
handywork, craft,
etc. ep šu, to do
or act (Akkadian)
kotev, koteb
(KVTE8),
Script N63, N500,
N529, N553, N598,
N632
kotep (kvtep),
Script N21
cov, cob (CV8),
Script
N607, R99, R131
covro, cobro
(CV8RV), Script
Q202, Q224
See Note 2
ep- (vb.) [B aip-], to cover,
el (adv.), under cover, kept
in secret (Tocharian)
palahsae, palahsiie/a,
plahs(ie/a)/plahsae, to
cover (Hittite)
creo-are
âfarines, frynish,
¨©ª«¬-creation,
genesis (Persian)
, shek’mna,
to create
(Georgian)
Script TC127,
TC241, TC271,
TC279, TC307;
AM-3
cosor (CVSVR),
Script TC56,
TC161,
TC179
cosos (CVSVS),
Script TC283
• œ ›œ ° ±²³• ´, gia
na dimiourgíso, to create,
idryo, create (Greek)
µ¶ , steghtsel, to
create (Armenian)
te krijosh, to create,
bëj, formoj, i jap një
titull, shkaktoj, ngjall, to
create (Albanian)
Cruthaigh, to create (Irish)
a chruthachadh, to create
(Scott)
i greu, to create, beget
(Welsh)
creare, to create (Italian)
créer, to create (French)
to make,
create,
[<Latin,
creare]
produce, elect
to an office;
beget
taks, to make, iya->, iie/a, to
make, to do, samnae,
3-78
cra, Script Z561
cre, Script Z419
cri, Script Q94
kra, Script Z929?
N476, N533, N615
kre, Script N363,
N391,N404, R426,
R459, R487
kri, Script Q253
samniie/a , to create, has/hs
to beget, give birth,
hasadr/hasan, beggetting,
birth, family, hasumr,
begetting, genitals (Hittite)
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
x
x
x
x
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x
x
Crai, king in
Trojan War
that was
carried off by
Asius, brother
of Hecuba
3-79
CRAI, Script
AM-2
drunk [<OE
drinkan]
drunkennss?
crimp [<ME
crimpen, to
wrinkle]?
inebriated
[<Lat.
inebriare]
crap, Script Z47,
Z155, Z206, Z245
Context:
This is a
repe ous phrase
appearing in the
wrappings of the
Zagreb Mummy.
8eLERE appears to
be the name
Velerius; thus,
Velerius in
drunkeness
should/could
stand (L. Conj.
Pres. 3rd Pers.
Single stet) or
Velereius I make
noise he could
stand
v
pAtavya, to be drunk;
peya, to be drunk,
drinkable, drink,
beverage
pi idán ¹º·€·¸ to
coil, wind, wrap,
crimp, etc., mast,
¼½» adj., drunk
(Persian)
,
kritikit’, to crimp,
,
mt’vrali, drunk,
,
khmauris
gaket’eba, to make
a noise (Georgian)
ab ru, to be
noisy, abru,
noisy (Akkadian)
raktam, blood, to bleed
sic, siJcati, -te, to pour
out, sprinkle, scatter,
water, irrigate, bleed;
asan, blood; asRj,
asram, blood;
rudhirapAta, flow of
blood; krUra, adj.,
bloody, raw, sore;
cruel, harsh, dreadful.
a wound or sore;
bloodshedding,
slaughter; cruelty,
harshness
24 of 44
Œ•—‘•”Œ—˜, abciska™,
to crimp, Ž'Š“¾,
pjany, drunk,
¿•ÀÁ—˜, Âumie™, to
make a noise
(Belarusian)
drank, za crimp, to
crimp, pijan, drunk,
napraviti buku, to
make a noise
(Croatian)
napoj, pic, drunk
(Polish)
nospiest, to crimp,
piedz ries, drunk,
rad¯t troksni, to make
a noise (Latvian)
sš cureÃe, to crimp,
beat, drunk, pentru a
face un zgomot, to
make a noise
(Romanian)
puristaa, to crimp,
humalassa, drunk,
tehdä melua, to make
a noise (FinnishUralic)
xun (khun), ¹‡Í
blood, nezâd,
blood; xun madan,
¹º»- ¹‡Í to bleed,
xun ryzy,
ÎϪ«Ð‡Íbloodshed
(Persian)
,
siskhlis, blood,
,
siskhliani,
bloodshed
(Georgian)
”‹¾–Œ–¾, kryvavy,
bloody, ”‹•Ñ, kroÒ,
blood,
”‹•–ŒŽ‹Œ‰‘——Á,
krovapraliccie,
bloodshed
(Belarusian)
holerny, krwawy,
bloody, rozlew krwi,
bloodshed (Polish)
kryvavic, to bleed
(Belarus)
krv, blood, krvav,
naqû, to shed
bloody, krvoproli™e,
blood, t o pour out bloodshed (Croatian)
asinis, blood,
as a libation
(water and other
sasod¯ti, bloody,
liquids, also
asinsizlieÂana,
flour), to let flow, bloodshed (Latvian)
to sacrifice, to
sânge, blood,
offer sacrifices
sângeros, bloody,
repeatedly, to be
sacrificed, dame, všrsare de sânge,
bloodshed, to shed bloodshed
(Romanian)
blood, adamu,
blood, damu,
veri, blood, verinen,
blood money,
bloody,
blood, bloodshed
verenvuodatus,
(Akkadian)
bloodshed (FinnishUralic)
›œ ²°ž Ä Å, na
sympiesteí, to crimp,
° Ʋ °Ç›±È,
methysmenos,
drunk, ›œ É› Æó³²Ê±,
na kánei thóryvo, to
make a noise (Greek)
µ¤ , seghmel, to
crimp, ˤ ¶, khmats,
drunk, µ¤¢¥
¢¥
¤ , aghmuk hanelu
hamar, to make a noise
(Armenian)
për të krehur, to crimp, i
dehur, i pirë, drunk, për
të bërë një zhurmë, to
make a noise
(Albanian)
crimpare, to
crimp, crapula-ae,
drunkenness,
hangover;
possibly
increpo-are, to
make a noise,
rustle
inebriare, to be
inebriated
chun crimp, to crimp, ólta,
drunk, torann a dhéanamh, to
make a noise (Irish)
gu crioch, to crimp, deoch,
drunk, gus fuaim a
dhèanamh, to make a noise
(Scott)
crebauchu, to shrink, shrivel,
wrinkle, pucker, corrugate,
crimp; i crimpio, crimpi, to
crimp, feddw, drunk, i
wneud sÌn, to make a noise
(Welsh)
arrricciar, to crimp, ubriaco,
drunk, fare rumore, to make
a noise (Italian)
crépe, crape, creper, to
crimp, crapule, debauchee,
ivre, drunk, faire du bruit, to
make a noise (French)
Make a noise
3-80
3-81 deleted
Ebrius, drunk?, (Hittite)
• œ œ °±³³œ•, gia
aimorragía, to bleed,
œÅ°œ, aima, blood,
Åœaimasso, aimatono, to
bleed; aimatodis,
aimatiros, palio-,
bloody, œ °œÄ±Ó² Åœ,
aimatochysía, bloodshed
(Greek)
Ô¢¥ ¢ ,
aryunot, bloody.
Ô¢¥ ,
aryun, blood,
Ô¢¥
µ¢¥ÕÔ¢¥ ,
aryunaheghut’yun,
bloodshed (Armenian)
gjak, blood, i
përgjakshëm, bloody,
gjakos, bloody,
gjakderdhje, bloodshed
(Albanian)
cruento-are, to
bleed;
sanguis-inis and
sanguen, blood;
blood
relationship, race,
family, progeny,
life blood,
strength, vigour
fuilteacha, bloody, fola,
blood, folaithe fola,
bloodshed (Irish)
fuilteach, bloody, fuil, blood,
falamh fala, bloodshed
(Scott)
gwaedu, to bleed; gwaed,
blood, gwaedlyd, bloody,
gwaed gwaed, bloodshed
(Welsh)
sanguinare, to bleed;
sanguinoso, bloody,
spargimento di sangue,
bloodshed (Italian)
saigner, to bleed; sangiant,
bloody, effusion de sang,
bloodshed (French)
to make
bloody
[<OE blod],
stain with
blood
krove (KRVFE),
Script L-15
3-82
shar, eshr/ishn, ashar,
bloodshed (Luvian)
eshar *, esharnumae,
esharnu, asharnu,
isharnumae, to make
bloody, ishanalles,
bloodshedder, #eÂhar, blood
(Hittite)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Croisie, name
3-83
CROISIE
(CRVISIE), Script
CBD-1
apakaru a, cruel
,
sastiki, cruel
(Georgian)
Ö•‹•®”‘, ×orstki,
cruel (Belarusian)
okrutan, cruel
(Croatian)
ne× l¯gs, cruel
(Latvian)
Ø ³óÈ,
sklirós, cruel (Greek)
Ù Ú , dazhan, cruel
(Armenian)
mizor, cruel (Albanian)
crudelis-e, adj.
crudelitas-atis,
éadrócaireach, cruel (Irish)
cruaidh, cruel (Scott)
yn greulon, cruel (Welsh)
crudele, cruel, crudeita,
cruelty (Italian)
cruel, cruel, crauté, cruelty
cruel, cruelty,
CRVTHAI:
possibly a
name given to
Heracles (Etr.
Hercle)
crcruthai,
(CRVTHAI) Script
BM-2
Context: words
next to Hercules
facing Atlas who is
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
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CRUD, cruel
(Romanian)
julma, cruel (FinnishUralic)
(French)
representing
cruelty. The
phrase may
mean "cruelty
to us."
3-84
... hãm ... jas
(Avestan)
jam' šodán,
to assemble,
jam kardan, Ü݆
¹Þ«… to assemble,
add up, gather,
etc., bâ ham,
together, jam,
together,
total, totality,
body
(Persian)
,
sheik’ribeba, to
assemble,
, ertad,
together
(Georgian)
melayati; mil, milati,
to meet, assemble,
join,
come together,
saÛ-cinoti, to amass,
saÛ-marati, to amass,
accumulate, kolati, to
collect, accumulate
yad yad, whatever,
whatsoever
25 of 44
kam su, to
assemble, be
assembled, to
gather in barley,
animals, etc, to
place, to prepare
for a funeral,
ka ru, to
assembe, assemble
a body of soldiers,
compose a text,
collect, construct,
make a compact,
etc., kupputu, to
assemble, gather,
collect, pu ru,
assembly, council,
collegium,
contingent, army,
group, totality,
pu ur, adv.,
together, pu riš,
adv., together,
completely,
išt niš, together,
jointly, at the same
time, as one
group, instantly, in
one act, in every
respect, all
together, ja udû,
together with
(Akkadian)
le chéile, to assemble,
together (Irish)
•Œ•‹Œ—˜, sabra™, to
assemble, ‹ŒßŒÀ,
razam, together
(Belarusian)
za okupljanje, to
assemble, zajedno,
together (Croatian)
skladac, v. imp.,
sklasci, v. perf.
put together,
assemble (Belarus)
zøoày™, to assemble,
razem, together
(Polish)
a asambla, to
assemble, CU, with,
together, împreunš,
together (Romanian)
›œ ²• ›Ä³´Æ±å›,
na synkentrothoún, to
assemble, °œæÅ, mazí,
together (Greek)
ç ,
havak’vel, to assemble,
¤£ £ , miasin,
together (Armenian)
mbledh, to assemble;
angazoj, engage,
së bashku, together
(Albanian)
coeo, ire, ivi,
itum, to go or
come together,
assemble, collect;
tarupp-, mint(i), assembly
of men, tolia (tulia),
assembly, gathering,
tuliasa/, assembly,
belonging to the assembly,
tksan, together (Hittite)
koota, to assemble,
yhdessä, together
(Finnish-Uralic)
x¿®• ߌÑ안“Œ,
Âto zaÒhodna,
kher cheh, ê «Í- whatever
whatever (Persian) (Belarusian)
,
Âto god, whatever
sul ertia, whatever (Croatian)
(Georgian)
cokolwiek, whatever
(Polish)
mimman,
whatever,
anything, nothing, indiferent de,
ammar, whatever, whatever (Romanian)
as much as,
minummê,
aivan sama, whatever
whatever,
(Finnish-Uralic)
everything, all,
mem ni,
whatever,
something,
somebody,
anybody, nobody,
nothing
a choinneachadh, to
assemble, còmhla, together
(Scott)
i ymgynnull, to assemble,
cynnull, to collect,
gather, assemble,
compile, convene,
muster, gyda'i gilydd,
together, i amass, to amass
(Welsh)
assemblare, to assemble,
insieme, together, collocare,
to collect Italian)
assembler, to assemble,
ensemble, together,
collectionner, rassembler, to
collect (French)
x±Ä ž±Ä , otidípote,
whatever (Greek)
£ ï ð ¢ £ £,
inch’ el vor lini,
whatever (Armenian)
cfaredo, whatever
(Albanian)
qualisqumque
[-cunque],
qualecumque
is cuma cad é, whatever
(Irish)
ge bith dè, whatever (Scott)
Beth bynnag, whatever
(Welsh)
qualque; some, qualunque
cosa, whatever (Italian)
quelque, some, peu importe,
whatever (French)
holding up the
world: CRVTHAI
CE; "ai" suggests
proper name, such
as seen in Helen of
Troy's name:
ELINAI, ELENEI,
Midas, MIDAI and
Aesacus, AECAI
cu (CF), Script
Z234,
Au76, Au86;
cua (CFA), Script
Z1, Z656, Z784,
Z1183;
cue (CFE), Script
Z180, Z336,
Z1137,
Z1236, J18, Au38,
to go or come Au50.
together,
cuer (CFER) Script
assemble
TB-1. This word is
[<OFr.
on the leg of the
assembler]; of Lake Trasimine
enemies, to
bronze boy:
engage [<OFr. ..SANS Le CFER;
engager], to
his shoulder carries
amass, to
the word: ..FEL
accumulate
VSA; VSA, L. osa,
[<OFr.
mouths, is on an
amasser]
oniochoe: VSA
MILO (MILV)
3-85
THMAS
( VMAS)
PHVTVM, "one
thousand mouths of
the house warm."
See CO, KO,
above.
culoca (CFLVCA
or CF LVCA),
Script MA-4
whatever
kind, some,
any
kuelk (KFELK),
Script Z29, Z40;
See CELCASI
3-86
qid-a, whatever (Lycian)
kuat ima kuat, whatever,
for whatever reason (Hittite)
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(Akkadian)
ŽÁ•—‘—˜, piesci™, to
cherish (Belarusian)
njegovati, to cherish
navâzes kardan,
(Craotian)
nâz kardan, to
milowac, zywic,
l layati, to cherish
fondle; parvardan,
cherish; piescic,
lal, lalani (-te), to
gerâmi dâstan, to
fondle (Polish)
sport, dally, play,
cherish (Persian)
lolot, to cherish
caress, fondle, cherish,
,
(Latvian)
love; prajuSTa (juS,
vapasebt,to cherish
nutri, to chersih
juSate, -ti), to delight
(Georgian)
(Romanian)
in, fondle, caress,
vaalia, to cherish
cherish
(Finnish-Uralic)
shataM, hundred
saite [sata]
satem, hundred
(Avestan)
sad, adj., hundred
(Persian)
, as, hundred
(Georgian)
âšpazxâne,
kitchen
(Peersian)
,
samzareulo,
kitchen (Georgian)
p ka l , kitchen,
pacan g ra, cooking
room, kitchen
x
nu atimmu, in
b t nu atimmi,
kitchen,
nu atimmu, in
rabi nu atimm ,
official in charge
of the kitchen, a
court dignitary
(Akkadian)
x
badkhar badan,
¹Þ‡•õ÷ùûº• to owe,
deyn, üªÞ debt
(Persian)
,
valis kona, to owe,
,
davalianeba, debt
(Georgian)
dh rayati, to owe,
am, debt
ab lu, owe,
acquire on credit,
to assume
financial
obligation, to
borrow, abullu,
ubultu, debt,
obligation,
ubullu, debt,
obligation (with
interest), interest,
maÂkanu, debt,
pledge given as
security for a debt,
fetter for a slave,
canopy, tent, stand
of plot,
•®•, sto, hundred
(Belarusian)
stotina, hundred
(Croatian)
setka, sto, hundred
(Polish)
sto, hundred
(Serbo-Croation)
simtas, hundred
(Lithuanian)
simts, hundred
(Latvian)
sutš, hundred
(Romanian)
sata, hundred
(Finnish-Uralic)
œÄ ³Ÿ, diatiró, to
cheerish, chaidevo,
skythropiazo,
agapito oikiako
zoo, orgi, peisma, pet
(Greek)
ñï Ë¢¥¤¦ ,
yergch’akhumby, to
cherish (Armenian)
ledhatoj, përkëdhel,
to fondle; dua fort, mbaj
gjallë, ushqej, to cherish
(Albanian)
œÄó, ekató, hekaton,
hundred
(Greek)
Ô¢¥ , haryur,
hundred (Armenian)
njëquind, hundred,
quind (Albanian)
±²æÅ›œ, kouzína,
kitchen (Greek)
Ë¢
¢¡, khohanots’,
kitchen (Armenian)
kuzhinë, kitchen
(Albanian)
x
x
a datora, to owe,
datorie, debt
(Romanian)
centum, hundred
céad, hundred (Irish)
ceud hundred, (Scott)
cant (can) cannoedd,
cantoedd, hundred
(Welsh)
kant, hundred (Breton)
cento, hundred (Italian)
cent, hundred (French)
kua (KFA), Script
Z19, Z40, Z191,
to fondle, pet,
Z674, Z1250,
cherish [<OFr.
Z1607, Z1623;
cherir]
kue (KFE), Script
Z29, Z40; also
3-87
above head of man
in tomb inscription.
hundred?
[<OE
hundred]
see Etruscan
sta;
3-88
cueto (CFETV)
Script Z1137
STA, Script, N206,
TA-2, AF-6?
STAI, Script, Z638
Note: STAI appears
to be a proper noun
with "ai" suffix.
känt, [B kante], hundred
(Tocharian)
”•ô“Š, kuchnia,
kitchen (Belarusian)
kuhinja, kitchen
(Croatian)
virtuve, kitchen
(Latvian)
bucštšrie, kitchen,
(Romanian)
keittiö, kitchen
(Finnish-Uralic)
xߌ–‘“Œ–Œ—‘——Œ,
zavinavacicca, to
owe, ˆ•Ñì,
doÒh, debt
(Belarusian)
dugovati, to owe,
dug, debt (Croatian)
zawdziýcza™, to owe,
døug, debt (Polish)
par d , to owe,
par ds, debt (Latvian)
foveo, fovere,
fovi, fotum
a chaomhnú, to cherish
(Irish)
a dh 'ionnsuidh, to cherish
(Scott)
ymserchu, to cherish, dote
(Welsh)
accarezzare to caress,
cherish (Italian)
choyer, to pamper, chérir, to
cherish (French)
x›œ Ó³´ ÄÉÈ, na
chrostás, to owe, ӳDZÈ,
chréos, debt (Greek)
ç¢
¡ ,
partk’ov verts’nel, to
owe,
ç ,
partk’y, debt (Armenian)
për borxh, to owe,
borxh, debt (Albanian)
culina-ae, kitchen,
menton. food, fare
cistin, kitchen (Irish)
cidsin, kitchen (Scott)
cegin, kitchen (Welsh)
cucina, kitchen, cuisine
(Italian)
cuisine, kitchen (French)
walhila, kitchen servant, a
cook? (Hittite)
curso-are
x
kitchen,
[<LLatin,
coquina]
menton, food,
fare
3-89
3-90 deleted
run hither and
thither
3-91
culan (CFLAN),
Script PL-23
culis (CFLIS)
Script M-3
kulin, (KFLIN) L-7
Note: Script PL is
the Piacenza Liver,
a bronze device
used to teach
divination.
kursan
(KFRSAN), Script
XB-39
atá dlite, to owe, fiach, debt
(Irish)
debeo -ere -ui
-itum, to owe;
with infinit. to be
indebted
a dhþth, to owe, fiachan, debt
(Scott)
i ddyledus, to owe, dyled,
debt (Welsh)
dovere, to owe, debito, debit
(Italian)
devoir, to owe, dette, debt
(French)
to owe; this
word appears
to be A BiR (a
DeBiR,
bere) See
Script MS18
BeRe
3-92
olla velkaa, to owe,
velka, debt (FinnishUralic)
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agricultural
settlement,
threshing floor,
etc., ubbulu,
debtor, ubullu,
in am l ubulli,
debtor
(Akkadian)
vahati, to carry, harati,
take, adhyudbh§
–¾“••‘—˜, vynosi™, to
carry away
(Belarusian)
gaataros
nositi, to carry away
moshorebit’, to
(Croatian)
carry away
no emt, to carry
(Georgian)
away (Latvian)
sš ducš departe, to
carry away
irb-, to carry, steal,
rob, naÿ-, to carry (Romanian)
kuljettaa pois, to
away, sit down
carry away (Finnish(Urartian)
Uralic)
,
›œ œž±°œ ³å› Äœ , na
deveho-vehere, to
apomakr!netai, to carry
carry away or
away (Greek)
down
¡ , herrats’nel, to
carry away (Armenian)
për të kryer larg, to carry
away (Albanian)
x
devio, (DEVIV)
Script K136
par p da->, pittenu->, arha
d -, take away, pipeda, to
našû, to carry, to
carry off, steal, to
transport, hold a
document, silver,
etc., to bear fruit,
etc.to multiply
(math term), to
pick up and keep,
to put on and wear
clothing, a crown,
to wear a crown,
etc., mat u, , to
transport (timber,
bricks, etc.), to
pick up, to lift, to
put on a garment,
etc., n šû, carrier,
porter (Akkadian)
x
a chur ar shiúl, to carry away to carry away,
(Irish)
3-93
a ghi$lan air falbh, to carry
away (Scott)
i ddal i ffwrdd, to carry away
(Welsh)
compier, portare, to carry,
portare via, to carry away
(Italian)
entraîner, porter, to carry,
emporter to carry away
(French)
carry out, peda, ped, to
carry, to take somewhere, to
transport; to spend (time),
ptiali/ptali, to carry off
quickly, run off with, to
whisk away, elope with a
woman (Hittite)
x
x
Dione-es and
Diona-ae, goddess
Venus or
mother of Venus
x
goddess
Dione?
probably
Rione
Dione (DIVNE),
Script M8, N216
3-94
dve (two)
dvi (two, both)
dvika%, two,
dva [-]
bish, adv.
twice, double
(Avestan)
do, &Þ two
(Persian)
ˆ–Œ, dva, two
(Belarusian)
dva, two (Croatian)
divi, two (Latvian)
Douš, two
(Romanian)
kaksi, two (FinnishUralic)
, ori, two
(Georgian)
å±, d!o, two (Greek)
¢¥, yerku, two
(Armenian)
dy, two (Albanian)
duo-ae-o
khaneh, Ð÷Í
house, abode,
building,
dwelling, xune,
Ð‡Í house
(Persian)
, sakhli,
house,
,
sakhlshi,
,
sats’khovrebeli,
dwelling
(Georgian)
kungu, house, a
word for house,
d ru, house
27 of 44
DU (DV)?
See also:
3-95
tua, (TFA) Script
AH-3, K152, D-12
tue, (TFE) Script
Z1024, Z1846
tue, (TVE)
Script Q70
tuo (TVO), ON-2
tdu (Script F)?
twa/i, two (Luvian)
d n, da, two, dayuga
(da=two@iuga=yearling)
kilall n, two, pair,
both, (Akkadian)
upa-maitîm
[upa-maiti] abode,
residence,
(Avestan)
two
div (f.), daou
[m] two (Breton)
due, two (Italian)
deux, two (French)
Âin(a) / Âin(i),
Âine-, two, tÂin(i),
wo? two
(Hurrian/Urartian)
avasthiti , residence,
niketanam, house,
ag ra, house,
apartment; astat ti,
home
dhá, two (Irish)
dh+, two (Scott)
dau, dwy two (Welsh)
(Hittite)
ˆ•À, dom, house,
ˆ•ÀŒ, doma, home,
Ö¾‰‰Y, ×yllio,
dwelling (Belarusian)
ku™a, house, dom,
home, stan, dwelling
(Croatian)
m ja, house, m jas,
home, m joklis,
dwelling (Latvian)
casš, house, Acasš,
home, locuin\š,
dwelling (Romanian)
talo, house, Koti,
home, asunto,
dwelling (FinnishUralic)
žÅÄ , spíti, house, home,
œÄ± Åœ, katoikía,
dwelling (Greek)
¢¥ , tuny, house,
home, ¦
¢¥ÕÔ¢¥
¢¥
¤ ,
bnakut’yun hastatelu
hamar (Armenian)
shtëpi, house, home,
banesë, dwelling
(Albanian)
domus-us; domo
casa-ae, cottage,
hut, cabin
teach, house, teaghais,
dwelling, baile, home (Irish)
taigh, house, còmhnaidh,
dwelling, dachaigh, home
(Scott)
t^, house, cartref, home,
annedd, dwelling (Welsh)
casa, house, home, dimora,
dwelling (Italian)
maison, house, home,
demeure, dwelling (French)
home, house,
from home
[<OE ham]
domo (DVMV),
Script BB-5; see
also casa
3-96
kurek r [B kwrak r], house
or pavilion with a vaulted
roof (Tocharian)
bira, house (Lydian)
prnnawa, house, mauseleum
(grave house), (Lycian)
parna, house (Luvian)
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
enclosure,
fortification wall,
city wall, inner
city wall, fortress,
parts of the human
body, ku u, in b t
ku i, winter
house, niš ,
household, serfs,
subjects of a king,
population,
inhabitants,
soldiers, mankind,
a palace, or a
person, family,
members of a
family, etc.
(Akkadian)
É, house, p r, parn->, #pam,
pir house, per/prn,
prnneze/i, household,
prnnezi(je), household
member, parnawa, to serve
a house (Hittite)
hacâ, from
(Avestan)
az, |~ from
(Persian)
, dan, from,
, garet’, out
of (Georgian)
as, anu, from, behind,
d`r t, from afar
x
Œˆ, ad, from, ß, z, out
of (Belarusian)
iz, od, from, (SerboCroatian)
ad, from (Belarus)
iz, from, od, out of
(Croatian)
od, welug, z, z
lapani, from,
powodu, from
before, in front of, (Polish)
on account of, by, at; with dat./ accus.,
ina, prep., from,
iz, from
on, through, in,
libbu, prep., from, (Baltic-Sudovian)
no, from, beidz s, out
in, among,
belonging to, like, of (Latvian)
instead of,
din, from, out of
according to), ,
(Romanian)
(adv., therefore,
alkaen, from, pois,
therein, therefrom, out of (Finnishetc.), etc.,
Uralic)
(Akkadian)
œžó, apo, from, ÄóÈ
ektós, out of (Greek)
£¡, its’, from, Ù¢¥
durs, out of (Armenian)
nga, from, out of
(Albanian)
ta [-] this, that;
also, he, she, it
(Avestan)
, aftí, she (Greek)
, na, she (Armenian)
ajo, she (Albanian)
u , her, his, she,
they, water
, man, she
(Georgian)
, jana, she
(Belarusian)
ona, she (Croatian)
vi a, she (Latvian)
ea, she (Romanian)
hän, she (FinnishUralic)
ex, e, from, out of
tath and tath ca,
api, likewise
x
ýathanâ [ýathana]
(adv.) as, just like,
so that (Avestan)
, aseve,
likewise
(Georgian)
akannama,
kannama,
likewise, similarly
(Akkadian)
ed
negar, €•‚ƒ„…
behold, devour,
eye, regard
(Persian)
, aha, behold
(Georgian)
ellû, ill me,
behold, am ru, to
behold, see, look
at, pal su, behold,
to inspect, to
discover, to gaze
28 of 44
from [<OE
from]
3-97
ac-le, adv., from afar
(Tocharian)
eri, from, out of
(Lycian)
ku z, from where (HIttite)
ea, L. 3rd Pers.
Single
sí, she (Irish)
i, she (Scott)
hi, she (Welsh)
lei, she (Italian)
elle, she (French)
she
e, Script ZB-1, Z-1,
Z-4, Z67 Z289,
Z317, Z386,
Z1600,
Z1641, Z1615,
TC56, TC61,
TC127, TC307,
K58, Au99, M78,
N294, Q14, Q20,
Q28, Q39, Q60,
Q107, Q253, Q263,
Q335, Q521,
Q661, Q726, Q754,
Q784, Q805, R22,
R270, R511, R596,
Au74, Au82, Au99,
L59, L65, TC120,
Aph-3, BB-5,
K171, XB-40,
XE-12, XS-4,
XV-13, PB-6, PC-8
ecs, eks – See
below
ea, EA, Script R56,
R73
3-98
-a,-at, -ssi, ebe, he, she, it,
iššî, she
(Akkadian)
x
as, out of , ó, from (Irish)
a-mach +, out of, as, out of,
bho, from (Scott)
gan (chan), with, by, of,
from, because of, allan o,
out of, o, from
(Welsh)
eus, from (Breton)•
da, sin, from, per, out of
(Italian)
de, out of, from, per, per
(French)
(Hittite)
x
,
taksama, likewise
(Belarusian)
tako er, likewise
(Croatian)
t pat, likewise
(Latvian)
de asemenea,
likewise (Romanian)
samoin, likewise
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
eiuro and
eiero-are, Ind.
Perf. 1st Pers.
singl. eier v
, omoíos, likewise eadem
(Greek)
, nmanapes,
likewise (Armenian)
gjithashtu, likewise
(Albanian)
x
I deny?
EAV, EAB (EA8)
Script N436
3-99
mar an gcéanna, likewise
likewise
(Irish)
mar an ceudna, likewise
3-100
(Scott)
yn yr un modd, likewise
(Welsh)
similmente, likewise (Italian)
pareillement, likewise
(French)
EAT, Script BE-16
me, likewise, as, so (Lycian)
ppa, again (Hittite)
†‡ ˆ! vo‰!, behold
(Belarusian)
gle!, behold
(Croatian)
lŠk, behold (Latvian)
iat‹, behold,
iaca ete,behold!
(Romanian)
katso, behold
(Finnish-Uralic)
Œ•Ž• ! vlépo!, behold,
antikryzo, paratiro,
behold (Greek)
• , aha, behold!
(Armenian)
ja!, behold, shoh [vjet.],
vë re [vjet.], behold
(Albanian)
en! ecce
féach, behold! (Irish)
feuch, behold! (Scott)
wele, behold!, lo!
gweld, to see, behold, perceive
(Welsh)
ecce! ecco! (Italian)
voyez, cvoir (French)
behold [<OE
behealdan]?
3-101
ec, Script Z109
(see EK)
ek, Script Q674,
AC19?
ek, Script Q674
kasa/kasma, k sa, behold, lo
(Hittite)
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
at, to face, etc.
(Akkadian)
‰ ka‘ , cart horse,
horse
v jin, war horse,
v m , a‰v , mare,
sa’ a‰va’, that is a
horse, a‰va‰ va’, colt
of a horse vaDabA,
mare; maya [m],
horse; mayI, [f] mare
niªkrama’, exit,
niSkrAnta, adj. gone
out; exit; parAyaNa,
departure, last way or
exit, final end or aim
aspa [-] horse,
asphe, mare
(Avestan)
mâdiyân, horse,
asb, “” horse
(Persian)
,ts•kheni,
horse, (Georgian)
at nu, mare,
she-ass, donkey
mare, me ir nu,
horse, describing a
horse, m r nisqi ,
thoroughbred
horse (Akkadian)
birun, xoruj, exit,
raftan, €«¬ to
leave, go away
(Persian)
,
gasasvlelad, to exit
(Georgian)
a û, to go out,
escape, to leave,
depart, come out
of the temple, to
rise (of stars), etc.
(Akkadian)
delpasand, nâzok,
nafis, exquisite,
xub, ¹º» fine,
beautiful,
marvellous,
quality, stunning
(Persian)
,
dakhvetsili,
exquisite,
,
modzebnot•, to
search for
(Georgian)
‡ ˆ, ko—, horse,
˜™› , kabyla, mare
(Belarusian) klacz,
mare (Polish)
konj, horse, kobila,
mare (Croatian)
zirgs, horse, ϥve,
mare (Latvian)
CAL, CAI, horse,
horses, iap‹, mare
(Romanian)
hevonen, horse,
tamma, mare
(Finnish-Uralic)
ž• Ÿ ,álogo, horse,
•• , hippos, horse,
¡ ¢ž£ , foráda, mare
(Greek)
¤¥ , dzin, horse,
¦§ ¦¥¨, margarit,
mare (Armenian)
kalë, horse, pelë, mare
(Albanian)
capall, horse, mare? mare
(Irish)
each, horse, làir, mare (Scott) 3-102
ceffyl, horse, gwyrdd, mare
(Welsh)
cavallo, horse, giumenta,
equa-ae, mare:
mare (Italian)
equus-i (equos and cheval, horse, jument, mare
(French)
ecus, old form),
horse
yakwe, horse (Tocharian)
asu/atsu, horse (Luvian)
eca, Script M74,
A-1, V-1, AH-1,
K106
ece, Script Q95,
Q127, Q139
eke? Script AC-18
eko, Script PS-1,
PS-3
esb, horse (Lycian)
eku, horse, asu, aswa,
horse,
AN©E.KU.RA, horse
AN©E.MUNUS.AL.LAL, mare
(Hittite)
†™- ®, vychad, to
exit (Belarusian)
ujscie, wyjscie,
wylot, exit
(Polish)
za izlazak, to exit
(Croatian)
lai izietu, to exit
(Latvian)
pentru a ie¯i, to exit,
IES, I leave, get out
(Romanian)
poistua, to exit
(Finnish-Uralic)
¼ ‡ ½¾ ™¿,
utonÀjennyj,
exquisite, Á¼ ˆ,
šukaÃ, to search for
(Belarusian)
mRgy, mRgyati, hunt,
fin, exquisite, traÄiti,
search; ci, {cike3ti},
to search for
{cinoti}, {cinute}
(Croatian)
{cayate}, to observe,
wyborny, znakomity,
perceive, notice, seek ,
seek, search for,
damqu,fine, good, exquisite (Polish)
examine; rasavant
pleasant, beautiful, izsmalcin ts,
adj., juicy, savoury;
exquisite, mekl•t, to
propitious, of
pithy, strong; graceful, good quality,
search for (Latvian)
elegant, atyuttama’,
murruqu, fine,
rafinat, exquisite,
exquisite
good , graceful,
pentru a c‹uta, to
â u, to search,
search for
survey, examine,
(Romanian)
trace, explore,
penetrate into,
nuddudu, to
search?, pâru, to
search for, to look
for, scrutinize
(Akkadian)
29 of 44
mare? [<O
mere]
horse? [<OE
hors]
°± Ž² £ , tin éxodo, to
exit (Greek)
³´µ¦ § ¶´µ·,
durs galuts•, to exit
(Armenian)
dalje, to exit; dalje,
ikje, portë, exit
(Albanian)
Ų ƢŠÆÇó, exairetikó,
eklektos, leptos,
exquisite, ŸÆ
± È °É°,
gia anazítisi, to search
for, ± Êž²ÅÆ ŸÆ , na
psáxei gia, to search for
(Greek)
¦Ë § Ì, nrbagegh,
exquisite, ´¦´ ¶´µ
•
¦, voronelu hamar,
to search for (Armenian)
i hollë, elegant, i
mprehtë, therës,
exquisite, për të kërkuar,
to search for (Albanian)
exeo-ire-li
(ivi)-itum
an slí amach, to exit (Irish)
an t-slighe, to exit (Scott)
yr allan, to exit, famynediad
allan, [n], egress, exit,
exodus, issue (Welsh)
esce, uscire, to exit
(Italian)
sortir, to exit (French)
to go out, exit,
go away, go
forth, pass
from state
to state?
ecs, Script M60
eks, Script R164,
G-1,
ECHS, (E¸S)
Script Z1334, R542
3-103
d la-> leave, leave alone,
daliie/a, to leave (Hittite)
ecquid or ecqui;
exquiro [quaero]
quirere-quisvi
quistum, to search
for, look for, ask
for; to search
through; hence
part.,
equisitus-a-um
sought or worked
out, choice,
exquisite
chun cuardach a dhéanamh,
to search for, ar deireadh,
fine, den scoth, excellent,
(Irish)
fìor mhath, exquisite, airson
rannsachadh, to search for
(Scott)
coeth, adj. fine,
refined, cultured,
elegant, exquisite;
odiaeth, adj. excellent,
exquisite; i chwilio amdano,
to search for (Welsh)
squesito, exquisite, da
cercare, to search for
(Italian)
exquis, adj. exquisite,
chercher, to search for
(French)
at all? to
search
through?,
exquisite?,
not un-couth,
unrefined [OE
uncuth,
ekci, Script R325
strange], fine
[<Lat. finis,
end]
3-104
arämp tªi (adj.), beautiful
(Tocharian)
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
x
gÒdhnu, greedy,
covetnous,
ghasmarah, voracious
x
x
Í ®ÍÎÏ Âˆ, zadziraÃ,
Hector (Belarusian)
izazivati, Hector
(Croatian)
Hector (Latvian)
fanfaron, Hector
(Romanian)
kohdella huonosti,
Hector (FinnishUralic)
, karb, greedy ÓÏ Ô ™, prahny,
greedy (Belarusian)
(Georgian)
pohlepan, greedy
(Croatian)
mantk r gs, greedy
(Latvian)
lacom, greedy
(Romanian)
ahne, greedy
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
x
ÐÇ ¢ , Ñktoras,
Hector (Greek)
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
Hector
Eachann, Hector (Scott)
ettore, Hector (Italian)
Hector (French)
Hector, prince ECHTOR
of Troy, eldest (E¸TVR), Script
son of King
CCG-1
Priam,
champion of
the Trojans
and killed by
Achilles
3-105
ž••°É , áplistos,
greedy (Greek)
§ •, agah, greedy
(Armenian)
lakmitar, greedy
(Albanian)
edax-acis; 3rd.
Dec. Acc. Pl -es
greedy (Irish)
sanntach, greedy (Scott)
barus, greedy (Welsh)
avido, greedy (Italian)
gourmand, greedy (French)
greedy, [<OE
grædig]
consuming
EDAES, Script
XA-12
3-106
eÕts [B entse], greed,
selfishness (Tocharian)
x
x
x
Eph, goddess
of the earth
opposed
to the celestial
and infernal
regions, of
Ephesus?
Eph, Script TC242,
Q360, Q376, Q767,
Q806, Q899, R163,
G-1
3-107
,
gaataros
moshorebit•, to
carry away,
,
gaik•ets•i, to sail
away (Georgian)
vahati, to carry off,
potena, to sail, set on
a voyage
x
neqelpû, to sail
downstream, to
glide along, to
drift, našû, to
carry off, to bear,
to steal, wear a
crown, etc.
(Akkadian)
x
†™ ‡ Έ,
vynosiÃ, to carry
away, ÓÏ
Ö
ÓÏ×½, pramianiu preÀ,
to sail away
(Belarusian)
nositi, to carry away,
otploviti, to sail away
(Croatian)
no emt, to carry
away, braukt prom, to
sail away (Latvian)
s‹ duc‹ departe, to
carry away, s‹ plece,
to sail away
(Romanian)
kuljettaa pois, to
carry away, purjehtia
pois, to sail away
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
± Å ¡Ž¢ÅÆ Ç¢Æž, na
metaférei makriá, to
carry away, ± ••ÅØÉÅÆ
Ǣƞ, na pléfsei
makriá, to sail away
(Greek)
¥¦ Ù
· ¶ • Ú´µ,
irakanats•nel herru, to
carry away, Û ¶´Ì ¶
• Ú´µ, e loghal herru, to
sail away (Armenian)
për të kryer larg, to carry
away, të lundrojnë larg,
to sail away
(Albanian)
x
a chur i gcrích, to carry out,
a sheol ar shiúl, to sail away
(Irish)
a dhèanamh, to carry out
expound, a 'seòladh air falbh,
to sail away (Scott)
to carry out,
eveho vehere-vexi i gynnal, to carry out, i
sail away?
vectum, to carry
hwylio i ffwrdd, to sail away
out or up, of ships (Welsh)
3-108
to sail away, of
di effettuare, to carry out, a
riders to ride away salpare, to sail away
(Italian)
pour mener à bien, to carry
out, pour naviguer loin, to
sail away (French)
Euias or
Euhias-adis
x
name, EFAI,
Bacchanate
3-109
(3-110
deleted)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Euias or
Euhias-adis
x
name, Efai,
possibly
Epheseus,
modern Efes,
Turkey
ef, Script Aph-22;
efa, Script Z1274
efas, Script Z446?
efe, Script Z1161,
XB-14
efi, Script N149;
efis?, Script S-50
(see euai)
euai, or efai, EFAI,
Script XE5
euais, or efais,
EFAIS, Script
XA-3, XA-27,
XE-3
See euai
efia, euia (EFIA),
XA-4, XE-6 (see
euai)
3-111
Bacchanate
3-112
x
30 of 44
x
x
x
Euan
x
euai (EFAI), Script
XE-5
euais (EFAIS)
Script XA-3,
XA-27, XE-3;
efis?, Script S-50
(See ELINAI for
suffix reference)
Euan, name of euan (EFAN) CU-2
eun (EFN), Script
Bacchus
M45?
3-113
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
® ÓÏ †™, da spravy,
to cause, ÍÏ ˜Îˆ,
zrabiÃ, to do, make
(Belarusian)
za uzrok, to cause,
uÀiniti, to do, kako bi,
to make (Croatian)
,
izrais t, to cause,
rom mizezi, to
dar t, to do, padar t,
cause,
to make (Latvian)
,
unda gaaket•os, to pentru cauza, to
cause, pentru a face,
do (Georgian)
to do, make
(Romanian)
ep šu, to do or
syyn, to cause, tehdä,
act, kalû, to do
something without to do, make (FinnishUralic)
ceasing, to
reserve, to deny a
wish, a request, to
finish, bring to an
end, etc.
(Akkadian)
anjâm dâdán,
to do,
accomplish,
follow through,
implement, satisfy,
etc. (Persian)
k raÜaÝ, to cause,
karman, to do, act
Å Æ , me aitía, to
cause, ± ± Çž± ±, na
kánoun to do, make
(Greek)
Þ ß
§´¦ã¥ ,
Inch•pes gortsin, to
cause, Þ ß
¶,
Inch•pes anel, to do,
make (Armenian)
për shkak, to cause, për
të bërë, to do, make
(Albanian)
effio, old Pass. of
efficio, Ind. Perf.
1st Pers. Single
eff v )
a chur faoi deara,to cause, a
dhéanamh, to do, make
(Irish)
airson adhbhar, to cause, a
dhèanamh, to do, make
(Scott)
i achos, to cause, i'w wneud,
to do, make (Welsh)
a causa, to cause, fare, to do,
make (Italian)
EFEAV (EçEA8),
I produced,
N436
caused, did,
made, to do
[<OE d ån],
effect,
[<Lat.effectus,
pp., efficire],
result,
3-114
à cause de, to cause, à faire, to
do, pour faire, to make
(French)
iya->, ie/a, # aia, ai – to do,
make, issa/iss, to do, make
(Hittite)
†™˜Îˆ, vybiÃ, to
dislodge, Í ¾ ÂÎ,
zniesci, to demolish,
®› Í® ˜™†
, dlia
zdabyvannia, to eject
(Belarusian)
± •
ǢرŠÆ, na
apomakrýnetai, to
dislodge,
odagnati, to dislodge, ± Ç Å£ ¡ É ±, na
chRd, chRNatti, to
rušiti, to demolish, za katedafísoun, to
pour out or upon,
izbacivanje, to eject
demolishŸÆ °±
eject, spue, vomit,
andâxtan, to eject; (Croatian)
Ų Ÿ Ÿ , gia tin exagogí,
pour upon, fill; vam,
virân kardan, ê ƒ‚
wyrzuciÃ, to
to eject (Greek)
vamiti, vomit, spit out, êðƒñ to ruin,
dislodge, ZburzyÃ, to • Ú · ¶, herrats•nel, to
give, cause to vomit;
demolish (Persian) demolish, wysunôÃ,
dislodge, õ ³ ¶,
naSTi, loss, ruin;
to eject (Polish)
nyartha, destruction,
epû, to demolish, izn cin t, to dislodge, k•andel, to demolish,
•
¶´µ •
¦, hanelu
wreck, destroy,
ruin; dhvR, dhvarati,
nojaukt, to demolish, hamar, to eject
divide, break off,
to bend, cause to fall,
iz emt, to eject
(Armenian)
nat ru, to
to ruin
(Latvian)
demolish, break
për të örrënjosur, to
pentru a disloca, to
up, naq ru, to
dislodge, për të prishur,
dislodge, a demola, to to demolish, për të
demolish, to tear
demolish, pentru a
down, wreck, to
nxjerrë, to eject
erode, eat away,
evita, to eject
(Albanian)
etc. (Akkadian)
(Romanian)
purkaa, to dislodge,
demolish,
poistaa, to eject
(Finnish-Uralic)
rândan, êï… ¬ to
dislodge, eject,
drive away, etc.,
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
everto-evertivertere vertiversum, dislodge,
eject, demolish,
ruin, evito, to
avoid, shun
a dhíscaoileadh, to dislodge,
a scartáil, to demolish, a
dhíchur, to eject (Irish)
airson a leigeil seachad, to
dislodge, gus a leagail, to
demolish, a dhubhadh às, to
eject (Scott)
i ddiddymu, to dislodge, i
ddymchwel, to demolish, i'w
daflu, to eject (Welsh)
per rimuovere, to dislodge,
demolire, to demolish,
espellere, to eject (Italian)
déloger, to dislodge, démolir,
to demolish, éjecter, to eject
(French)
efeti, Script Z701
ACIL AME E
TvNAM
CILeR EFETI
HILARE ACIL
dislodge,
efetsum (EFET
eject,
SvM),
demolish, ruin Script Z812
context: LA
IFETSvM
3-115
ACILaR AME
RANES or
LAI FETSM
ACIL RAME
RANES
pippa/pipp, pipa/pip, to
tear down, knock down,
throw up, turn up, destroy
(Hittite)
Ó¼ Á ˆ,
spustašaÃ, eviscerate
(Belarusian)
izvaditi drob,
eviscerate (Croatian)
antr Üi apanayati, or
apohati, eviscerate,
disembowel
varjayati, shun, avoid;
ujjh, ujjhati,to forsake,
leave, give up, avoid,
escape; tyaj, tyajati,
leave, abandon, spare,
avoid, shun
31 of 44
shakam drydan,
êð ÷øù to
disembowel
(Persian)
,
amogheba,
eviscerate
(Georgian)
parhixtan, êï‚ûüþƒÿ
to avoid, parhis
kardan, to shun
(Persian)
,
t•avis arideba, to
avoid,
,
ashk•araa, evident
(Georgian)
wypatroszyÃ, to
disembowel,
eviscerate (Polish)
izdzert, eviscerate
(Latvian)
scoate m‹runtaiele,
eviscerate, spinteca,
disembowel
(Romanian)
poistaa sisälmykset
jltak, eviscerate
(Finnish-Uralic)
˜ Ó Í˜¾Ô ¼Âˆ, kab
pazbiehnuÃ, to avoid,
†Î® †‡½ ™,
vidavoÀny, evident
(Belarusian)
IzbjeÃi, to avoid,
evidentan, evident
(Croatian)
stronic, unikac,
avoid (Polish)
Ųű Å¢ È , exenterízo,
eviscerate (Greek)
·´µ· ¶,
apats•uts•yel, eviscerate
(Armenian)
nxjerr të brendshmet,
eviscerate (Albanian)
± • ¡ØŸ , na
apofevgo, to avoid,
Å ¡ ±Ž , emfanés,
evident (Greek)
"´µ $ ¶,
khusap•yel, to avoid,
Ù • %¨ Û, aknhayt e,
evident (Armenian)
per te shmangur, to
avoid, to avoid, i
eviscero-are
vitare, to avoid
evito-are;
evidentsentis,
visible, clear,
plain, evident;
sgaoileadh, disembowel
(Scott)
sventrare, to disembowel,
eviscerate, to eviscerate
(Italian)
éviscérer, to eviscerate
(French)
soiléir, evident, a sheachaint,
to avoid (Irish)
follaiseach, evident, gus a
sheachnadh, to avoid (Scott)
yn amlwg, evident, gochel,
gochelyd, to avoid, shun,
avert, beware, eschew,
evade; (Welsh)
evitare, to avoid,
refrain from, evidente,
to tear in
pieces,
disembowel
3-116
to avoid
[<OFr.
esvuidier],
shun
3-117
EFISXeR, Script
DM-8
efiti, Script M19
Context:
BVRIS EIS TEIS
EFITI VRAS
&the north of them
god he/she avoids&
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
32 of 44
phalaka, shield,
DhAla, shield;
carman, skin, leather,
hide, shield; phalaka,
tablet, board, the palm
of the hands, shield
aka, not joy,
sorrow, woe, h , woe!
napal û, to avoid,
passover, k ša,
evidently,
certainly
(Akkadian)
izvair ties, to avoid,
ac mredzams, evident
(Latvian)
a evita, to avoid
EVI*I, you avoid,
dukshëm, evident
evident, evident
(Albanian)
(Romanian)
välttää, to avoid,
ilmeinen, evident
(Finnish-Uralic)
separ, shield,
panâh dâdan, to
shield (Persian)
, its•avs,
shield,
, egzi,
aegis (Georgian)
+Ôή , Ehida, aegis,
Á½™ , šÀyt, shield
(Belarusian) ekran,
ekranowac,
shield (Polish)
štit, shield, okrilje,
aegis (Croatian)
vairogs, shield, •da,
aegis (Latvian)
SCUT, shield, egid‹,
aegis (Romanian)
kilpi, shield,
suojeluksessa, aegis
(Finnish-Uralic)
jau-jau, woe!,
a la,
a lamma, woe,
alas! (Akkadian)
Ô‡Ï ! woe!
(Belarusian)
ach, och, oh
(Polish)
jao! woe! (Croatian)
b•das! woe!
(Latvian)
Vai! woe!
EI, they (Romanian)
murhe! woe!
(Finnish-Uralic)
hvat• [-] (reflex.
pron. indecl.)
himself; herself;
thyself (Avestan)
xodas râ, himself,
herself (Persian)
, t•avad,
himself (Georgian)
, sam himself
(Belarusian)
sam, himself
(Croatian)
pats, himself
(Croatian)
se, himself
(Romanian)
hän itse, himself
(Finnish-Uralic)
parisâni, nâle,
afsus, `º•« alas
(Persian)
! vai! woe
(Georgian)
tm naÝ, oneself
k epa to cast, throw,
nirasyati, to throw
out, drive away
x
, vykinu ,
throw out,
,
vyšturcho va , eject
(Belarusian)
wyprchnac,
wyrzucic, eject,
throw out
(Polish)
izbaciti, throw out,
eject (Croatian)
nadû, to throw out izmest, throw out,
a corpse, throw
izgr st, eject
away, reject,
(Latvian)
repudiate, to put
a arunca, throw out,
on clothing, to
evacua, eject
erect, etc.
(Romanian)
(Akkadian)
heittää ulos, throw
out (Finnish-Uralic)
andâxtan,
to
throw, launch,
pitch (Persian)
,
gadagdeba, throw
out,
,
agdebs, eject
(Georgian)
x
x
É• £ , aspida, shield,
prostasia, aegis, ÉÇŽ•°,
sképi, aegis, =Ÿ , aigis,
&goatskin,& shield of
Athena, from @², aíx,
JgoatY (Greek)
\ • , vahan, shield,
\ §, avag, aegis
(Armenian)
Selimi, aegis, mburoj,
shield (Albanian)
• ± ! alímono!, | ~
ouaí! symfora, dystychia,
thlipsi, woe (Greek)
\ %, vay, woe!
(Armenian)
mjerim, fatkeqësi,
woe (Albanian)
£Æ , o ídios, himself
(Greek)
, ink’y, himself
(Armenian)
vetë, himself, ai vetë,
mvetë, himself; ajo vetë,
veten [e saj], vetes
[së saj], vetë, herself
(Albanian)
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
evident (Italian)
éviter, to avoid, shun,
évident, evident
(French)
aegis-idis
ai! oh! ei! woe!
ei, Dat. Single,
himself, herself,
itself
cois, aegis, sciath, sheild
(Irish)
sgiath, shield (Scott)
darian, shield, aes, astalch
(estylch), tarian-au, shield
(Welsh)
scudo, shield; egida, aegis
(Italian)
boucilier, shield, égide, aegis
(French)
tá, woe (Irish)
dona! woe! (Scott)
och! woe! (Welsh)
ehi! hey!; dolore, woe, ei,
pers. pron. he, they (Italian)
malheur! woe! (French)
aegis or shield
[<OE scild],
esp. that of
^upiter or
Minerva;
bulwark;
egis, Script R661
target [<OFr.
targe,
light shield]
3-118
woe! [<OE
wa!] an
interjection of
grief
3-119
(Possibly refl.
pron. ei, himself,
herself, itself)
himself,
herself, itself
eias, Q-8
oy, alas! (Tocharian)
wai, wi, woe! (Hittite)
eius, sing.; eis, iis
pl. eum (m) eam
(f) id, Acc. Single
é féin, himself (Irish)
e fhèin, himself (Scott)
ei hun, himself, ei ('i, 'w),
his, her, its, hun -hunan, self
(Welsh)
lui stesso, himself (Italian)
lui-même, himself (French)
ei, Script R6,
R105, PQ-14;Z192,
Z446, Z1430, Q21,
R100, R349, L31,
L65, Au22, BT36,
F-9
3-120
eim, Script Z180,
Z347, Z1027
pat, apasila,
himself (Hittite)
€•‚ƒ, amoláo, throw
out, „…†‚••ƒ, ekvállo,
eject, ektopizo, dislodge;
(Greek)
‡ˆ ˆ‰ˆŠ, den netel,
throw out, ‹ˆŒ•Ž ˆŠ,
herrats’nel, eject
(Armenian)
hedhin jashtë, throw out,
largoj, zhvendos,
heq [dike], dislodge
heq, nxjerr, gufon,
derdh, to eject
(Albanian)
•‘‚V, Aïás, Ajax (Greek)
eico-icereieci-iectum
•ícere, infinitive,
to refuse, deny;
•icit, Ind. Pres. 3rd
Pers. Single
caith amach, throw out, cuir
amach, eject (Irish)
tilgeadh a-mach, throw out,
sgaoileadh, eject (Scott)
ei chwistrellu, eject, bwrw
allan, taflu allan, throw out,
to eject, emit, exclude,
expel; (Welsh)
buttar fuori, throw out,
espellere, eject (Italian)
jeter, throw out, éjecter, eject
(French)
eic, ScriptQ551
eice, Script Z981,
eik,? Script Q433,
R22, R114
to throw out,
cast out, eject
3-121
p ssiya->, (pesiezi),
pessiianna/pessiianni,
pessiiae, pessie/a ssiezzi,to
throw, throw away, pesie/a,
pesiana/pesiani, to throw,
ishuuanna/ishuuanni, to
throw away, to cast, to
shove, to cast off (Hittite)
Aiax-acis
x
eiser, Script Z357,
Z396, Z405
Contex, Z358:
EISER SIC,
to be ejected/cast
ashore (L. eicioeicere-ieci-iectum)
in this way (L. sic)
eisi, Script BT-3
Eifas, CN-1, DP-3
Ajax, son of
Telamon, hero (See also AIFAS)
of Trojan War
3-122
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
anantatA, anantya,
endlessness, eternity
, vie nas ,
eternity (Belarusian)
wiecznosc,
eternity; sredni
âxerat,
czas zycia, zycie,
eternity, infinity,
lifetime (Polish)
aeon perpetuity
(Persian)
vje nost, eternity
,
(Croatian)
m ž ba, eternity
maradisoba,
eternity (Georgian) (Latvian)
eternitate, eternity
d râtu, d rûtu,
(Romanian)
eternity
ikuisuus, eternity
(Akkadian)
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
ân-hâ, †‡ˆ them
(Persian)
, mat, them
(Georgian)
eshaha, ( ) he, she,
a person standing
nearby; saha ( ), he,
she, a person standing
away
u, vey, ân, he, she;
ân, pron. it; ânân,
isân, they, pron.;
isânrâ, be
isân, be ânhâ,
them (Persian)
, is, he,
,
,
man, she,
isini, they
(Georgian)
iššû, he, iššî, she,
aššunu, iššini (f.),
iššunu, they
(Akkadian)
x
x
‰Š, ich, them
(Belarusian)
ih, them (Croatian)
vi‹iem, them
(Latvian)
lor, them (Romanian)
niitä, them (FinnishUralic)
• , jon, he, • , jana,
she Belarusian)
ona, pron. she; on,
he; ono, to, it; one,
oni, they; ich, im, je,
them; go, jego, jemu,
mu, him; ja,
jej, her; (Polish)
on, he, ona, she
(Croatian)
EL, he, ea, she
(Romanian)
vi‹š, he, vi‹a, she
(Latvian)
hän, he, she (FinnishUralic)
ALEXANDRU,
ALECSANDRU,
Alexander
(Romanian)
ó
, aioniótita,
eternity,
V aiónios,
eternal; isobios, lifetime
(Greek)
€ •‚ƒ„•‚ ,
havitenakanut’yun,
eternity (Armenian)
përjetësi, eternity, i
përhershëm i
patundshëm, eternal
(Albanian);
ŒV, tous, them (Greek)
• Ž, nrants’, them
(Armenian)
ato, them (Albanian)
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
aevus-i, eternity,
lifetime;
aeternitas-atis,
eternity
an tsíoraíocht, eternity (Irish)
sìorraidheachd, eternity
(Scott)
eterniaeth, eternity, einioes
hoedl-au, life, lifetime; oes
oedd-au, age, lifetime;
byth-od, tragwyddoldeb,
eternity (Welsh)
eternita, eternity (Italian)
éternité, eternity (French)
eternity [<Lat.
aeternitas-atis,
eternity],
eifi, Script Au22
lifetime, eon
[<Gk. aion]
3-123
o…krac, eternal, immortal
(Tocharian)
ukturi, eternal, constant,
steady, firm (Hittite)
eis, iis, 3rd Pers.
Pl. Dat. them
iad, them (Irish)
iad, them (Scott)
nhw, them (Welsh)
loro, them (Italian)
leur, them (French)
[to] them
3-124
-us, them (Hittite)
Œ óV, aftós, he, Œ ‘,
aftí, Œ “, aftoí, they
(Greek)
, na, he, she
(Armenian)
ai, he; ajo, she; ai, ajo, it
(Albanian)
hic, ille, is, he;
eius, illius, her;
hic, haec, hoc; it,
is, ea, id; ille,
illa, illud, they,
is, he,
sé, he, si, she (Irish)
e, he, i, she (Scott)
e (o, fe, fo, ef, efe, efo, efo),
he; he; hi, she; ei('i, 'w), hi,
it; hwynt, they, them; nhw
(hwy), they, them; ill, they
(before a number) (Welsh)
ella, she; il, def. art. m. sing.
the, egli, he, lei, la, le, her,
esso, it, suo, her, essi, they
(Italian)
elle, elles, she, her, it; pl.
they, them, il, ils, pron. he, it,
pl. them, sa, her (French)
personal
pronoun, he,
she, her, it,
they, them;
he, it, they,
them
33 of 44
x
ELENA, Helen
(Romanian)
m lam, stock, b jam,
seed, gaŸa, clan,
kulaja , race, lineage,
descent
xshudrå [xshudra]
semen, vaêjahi
[vaêjangh] seed,
germ (Avestan)
toxm, ¡¢£ seed,
sperm, spore, etc.,
nežâd, ¤¥¦ˆ race,
origin, pedigree
§ ¨, rasy, race,
, nasie©nie,
seed (Belarusian)
utrka, race, sjeme,
seed (Croatian)
rase, race, sªkla, seed
(Latvian)
el, Script Z776,
G-1, FR-1, K123,
R56, R73, XB-35,
XC-4, BE-14
See also is,
3-125
-sse, he, -as, he- ”U, his, her
(Hittite)
•–—˜ ™› V, Aléxandros
(Greek)
Alexander-dri
x
Alexander,
another name
of Paris of
Troy
3-126
x
eis, Script Z272,
Z446, Z561,
Z1088,
Z1192, Z1292,
Z1393, Z1688,
M19
context Z272: EIS
NA, "to them
truly, L> na, nae)
•–— , Eléni, Helen
(Greek)
Helen (of
Troy)
Helena-ae
«Œ–‘, fylí, race, ¬-ó› V, semen-inis
spóros seed, ¬-—›® ,
sperma, seed (Greek)
°•Ž
±², mrts’avazk’,
race, ³ •°, serm, seed
(Armenian)
raca, race, farë, seed
x
uuomocine, race, síolta, seed
(Irish)
reis, race, siol, seed (Scott)
hil, race, hadau, seed
(Welsh)
razza, race; semenza, seed
(Italian)
3-127
seed, sperm
[<Greek,
sperma,
sperm], stock,
race, author,
instigator;
Note Etruscan
Elchintre, Script
DM-8
ELCINTRE, Script
MG-4:
ELACHSNTRE
(ELA¯SNTRE)
Script ) OB-8
ELCHSUNTRE
(EL¯SœNTRE),
Script CK-2
Elinai, Script
DM-8
Elinei, Script
MM-1
(For like suffix, see
MUSEI)
semenies, Q-1
Context:
SEMENIES
TEKœRIES SIM:
KATRœM: œP ETœ
TEK EIAS, "of the
stock, race of the
jury (L. decuria-ae,
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
(Persian)
ras´, race, s´mânµ´,
seed (Romanian)
kilpailu, race
(Finnish)
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
(Albanian)
race, race, semis, sowing
(French)
warwalan, seed,
war(u)walan, seed,
progeny, muwita?, seed,
NUMUN, seed, descendant
, rasis, race,
, t’esli,
seed (Georgian)
(Hittite)
name of
themselves:
RAS,
RASNE,
RASNA
3-128
Acc. Pl. -as) I am (L.
sim) to the town,
fortress (L.
castrum-i, Acc.
Single -um) might,
power, aid (L. ope) I
bring forth (L. Ind.
Pres. 1st Pers. Single
edo), I protect (L.
Ind. Pres. 1st Pers.
Single tego) of it
(eius)
p ru, seed,
semen, n lu,
semen, flooding,
watering
(Akkadian)
xaridan, ·¸ to
purchase (Presian)
, shedzena,
to Purchase
(Georgian)
kr ٦ti, to purchase
¹º• »¼½º‰, dlia kupli,
to purchase
(Belarusian)
za kupnju, to
purchase (Croatian)
pirkt, to purchase
(Latvian)
s´ cumpere, to
pa ru, to
purchase, buy
purchase, to
redeem, reclaim,
(Romanian)
to dispel, release,
ostaa, to purchase
remove a bandage, (Finnish-Uralic)
loosen, unpack,
ransom, etc.
(Akkadian)
upadiÅati, to warn,
pratyAdeza, direction,
order,
command, repudiation,
putting to shame or
confusion, warning,
caution; nirvad, to
warn, expel, drive
away; paravad, to
warn;
âgâhânidan, âgâh
utkÆÇÈa , excellent,
kardan, ɤ Ê Ë†Ì to
viÅruta , celebrated
warn, inform,
boland,·ÍÎÏ eminent
(Persian)
,
gap’rt’khileba, to
warn,
,
gamochenili,
eminent
(Georgian)
x
34 of 44
upa (adv)
upa-(pref.)
towards, by, near;
on, upon; in, into,
(Avestan)
andar, Ö·ˆ¥ in,
inside, into, on,
within, dar-hâ, Ö¤
aboard, about, in,
into, unto, within,
½ ½•§Ð¹Ñ‰ ,
papiaredzi , to warn
(Belarusian)
ostrzegac,
uprzedzac, warn
(Polish)
upozoriti, to warn,
eminentan, eminent,
(Croatian)
br din¶t, to warn,
ievªrojams, eminent
(Latvian)
a avertiza, to warn
AMENINÒI, you
warn (Romanian)
varoittaa, to warn,
etevä, eminent
(Finnish-Uralic)
¼, u, in (Belarusian)
u, in (Croatian)
in, in (Latvian)
×N, in (Romanian)
sisään, in (FinnishUralic)
¾ ›¿¬À À,
na agorásete, to purchase
(Greek)
Á ² à • Ä•‚
° •,
dzerrk’ berelu hamar, to
purchase (Armenian)
për të blerë, to purchase
(Albanian)
emo, emere, emi,
emptum
a cheannach, to purchase
(Irish)
a cheannach, to purchase
(Scott)
i brynu, to purchase (Welsh)
acquistare, to purchase
(Italian)
acheter, to purchase
(French)
to buy,
purchase, to
bribe
EMeR, L20
EMeS, J39-6
3-129
#usiti, to purchase, buy,
uas, was, to buy (Hittite)
-› À ™ - ‘¬À , na
proeidopoiísei, to warn
(Greek)
Ó ±Ô•‚Õ Ž Ä•‚
° •,
nakhazgushats’nelu
hamar, to warn
(Armenian)
për të paralajmëruar, to
warn (Albanain)
¬À, se, in (Greek)
, in, in (Armenian)
në, in (Albanian)
emoneo-ere, to
warn;
eminere, to stand
out.
chun rabhadh a thabhairt, to
warn (Irish)
gus rabhadh a thoirt, to warn,
eireachdail, eminent (Scott)
i rybuddio, to warn, yn
amlwg, eminent (Welsh)
per avvisare, to warn
(Italian)
avertir, to warn, éminent ,
eminent, emmener, to take
away, lead away, bring,
eminent (French)
srkiske/a or sarkiske/a,
eminent, srku/srkau or
sarku/sarkau, eminent,
srku/srkau or
sarku/sarkau, eminent,
illustrious, powerful, an
eminent person (Hittite)
in, in, into, etc.; en i, in (Irish)
ann, in (Scott)
(sometimes em!)
yn, in (Welsh)
behold!
in, in (Italian)
in, prep. in, at, to, within, into,
with, by, inside, on, upon,
against en, prep. in, into, to in
to warn [OE
warnian]
eminent
[< Latin
eminere, to
stand out],
outstanding in
reputation,
distinguished
3-130
in, into, on to,
towards,
against,
until for, in
turn, in, on,
among, in
at, within, in
the case of,
without
emone, emune
(EMœNE), Script
Q452, Q683, Q726,
Q745
emones, emunes
(EMœNES), Script
Q661, Q737, Q745,
Q854
en, Script N123,
K40, K36, K52,
HA-1, PO-1,
XB-38; See Note
4)
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
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tu, in, prep.
(Persian)
,
shemosuli, in
(Georgian)
the, in a, at, of, by, like, while
(French)
egi, igi, egi > egita,
eKi, in, inside
(Hurrian)
ina, prep., in, on,
from, through
(Akkadian)
negaristán,
to behold,
devour, eye, look,
regard (Persian)
!, aha! behold
(Georgian)
pa ya , to behold,
ava-lokaya , to see,
pa ya! Behold!
x ellû, ill mem,
behold, am ru, to
behold, see, look
at, pal su, to
behold, to inspect,
to discover, to
examine, to gaze
at, to show, to
cause irritation,
concern, to see to,
face, to look at, to
see, etc.
(Akkadian)
thweresaiti
[thwares] to cut
off, to destroy
(Avestan)
keštán,
to
kill, annihilate,
assassinate,
destroy, murder,
remove khastegi,
ÚÛÜÝ¢¸ exhaustion
(Persian)
, mokvla,
to kill,
amots’urva,
exhaustion
(Georgian)
s dayati, to kill slay,
beat, vex, afflict,
prajAta, adj. born,
having born; ghAtay,
yati (-yate), to punish,
slay, kill, destroy,
impede, disappoint,
as, jasate, to be
exhausted, languish,
35 of 44
,
zašg-, to kill
(Hurrian)
* adu, in
Þadumma epªšu,
to kill, dâku, to
kill a person or
animal, murder,
execute, break a
tablet, defeat,
fight, to smite, be
killed, diku,
killed, slain, (said
of persons,
animals and trees)
maq tu, to kill
animals in a hunt,
to strike down, to
strike with
pestilence, to
overpower in
battle, to make
silver come in, to
afflict, invade,
etc., n ru, to kill, ,
to slay, to hit, to
strike with a
weapon, to
conquer, to
ane, adv., inside, into
(Tocharian)
3-131
andan, in, to (Hittite)
Ø , voÅ!, behold!
(Belarusian)
gle!, behold!
(Croatian)
oto!, behold (Polish)
redzi!, behold
(Latvian)
iat´!, behold!
(Romanain)
katso!, behold
(Finnish-Uralic)
Ñ ß‰ , zabi , to kill,
Ñ • ‰º
,
zniasiliennie,
exhaustion
(Belarusian)
ubiti, to kill,
iscrpljenost,
exhaustion (Croatian)
zabic, kill;
wyczerpanie,
exhaustion (Polish)
nogalin¶t, to kill,
izs kums, exhaustion
(Latvian)
s´ ucid´, to kill,
×NEC, ×NNEC, kill
by drowning,
epuizare, exhaustion
(Romanian)
tappaa, to kill,
uupumus, exhaustion
(Finnish-Uralic)
Féach!, behold (Irish)
™ Ù, idoú! behold
(Greek)
., aha., behold
(Armenian)
ja!, behold (Albanain)
en (sometimes
em!) behold!
feuch!, behold (Scott)
wele!, behold (Scott)
ecco, behold!, contemplare,
guardare, behold (Italian)
voir!, behold, regarder, voyez!,
see, behold (French)
behold!
3-132
en, N123, K40,
K52, HA-1, PO-1,
XB-38; See Note
4)
See ec above
k sa, behold, asma, lo,
behold! kasa/kasma, behold!
look here! (Hittite)
ˆ
¬À V, na
skotóseis, to kill,
exantlo, exhaust;
(Greek)
³ã
Ä, spanel, to kill,
³ã •‚°æ, sparrumy,
exhaustion (Armenian)
për të vrarë, to kill,
rraskapitje, exhaustion,
gajas, to exhaust,
(Albanian)
eneco (enico)necar- necuinectum; to kill,
wear out; enascor,
nasci, natis, to
grow out, spring
forth, arise
a mharú, to kill, ídiú,
exhaustion (Irish)
a mharbhadh, to kill,
sgaoileadh, exhaustion
(Scott)
i lladd, to kill, golchiad,
exhaustion (Welsh)
uccidere, to kill,
esaurimento, exhaustion
(Italian)
tuer, to kill, épuisement,
exhaustion (French)
to kill [< ME
killen] off, to
wear out,
exhaust [Latin
exhaurire]
enac, Script Z681
torture; to
enak, Script Z160;
grow out,
enek, Script Q396
spring forth,
arise?
k¶w- [B kau-], to kill,
3-133
kolune, killing (Tocharian)
kwen, ku n-> s r ku n-> to
kill, to strike, kue(n)/kun
/ku(n), kuenna/kuenn,
kuen/kun, to kill, to slay, to
ruin, ku nzi, to kill, (Hittite)
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
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destroy a city or
country, nak su,
to slaughter, to
fell trees, to be cut
off, to diminish
the size of real
estate, sever, etc.,
an tu,
exhaustion,
weariness,
disrepair,
dilapidation,
(Akkadian)
frar kardan, Ö¥ è
ɤ Ê to escape,
elude, flee, detest,
gorixtan, ïÜ¢¸ Ì to
escape, abscond,
go off, flee, rahâyi,
adj., escape,
shenâ kardan),
to swim
ativartana, palAyana,
paribhraMza, escape;
prasaraNa, running
away, escape; palAy,
-yati, to run away,
escape; tarati, saç-, to
swim with hands,
pratiÇÈhate, to depart,
tyajati, forsake,
abandon
x
» ß ½ Ñß ð ¼ , kab
pazbiehnu , to
escape, ½º
,
plava , to swim,
¹¨ŠØ¹Ñ‰ ,
adychodzi , to depart
(Persian)
(Belarusian)
,
pobje i, to escape,
gak’ts’evam, to
plivati, to swim,
escape,
,
odstupiti, to depart
banaoba, to swim
(Croatian)
(Georgian)
uciec, to escape,
pøywa , to swim,
naparšudu, to
odstñpi , to depart
escape, to flee, to
(Polish)
fall into disuse,
mukt, escape
oblivion, al qu, (Baltic Sudovian)
to escape, flee,
izbªgt, to escape,
cause a loss,
perish, to become peldªt, to swim, atiet,
to depart (Latvian)
missing or lost,
a scapa, to escape, s´
vanish, to
înoate, to swim,
disappear, to
destroy, etc., a û, ×NOT, I swim, pleca,
to escape, to leave, to depart (Romanian)
depart, go out,
paeta, to escape,
come out of a
uimaan, to swim,
temple, etc., to
lähteä, to depart
rise (of stars), to
(Finnish-Uralic)
grow, disappear,
n rubu, to escape,
run away,
multa u,
escapee, survivor
(Akkadian)
x
ENEA, Aeneas
(Romanian)
˜À«Ù¾ Œ , na
xefýgoun, to escape
drafargo, evade;
drapetevo,
diafevgo, drapetefsi,
diafygi, escape,
à –Œ®-‘¬ Œ ,
na kolympísoun, to
swim, «Ù¾ , fýgo, to
depart (Greek)
ò Óô Ä•‚
° •,
p’akhch’yelu hamar, to
escape, Ä•õ Ä, loghal, to
swim, Â
Ä,
herranal, to depart
(Armenian)
për të ikur, to escape, për
të notuar, to swim,
largohem, to depart
(Albanian)
• À“ V, Aineías (Greek)
chun éalú, to escape, chun
snámh, to swim, imeacht, to
depart (Irish)
gus teicheadh, to escape, gus
snömh, to swim, falbh, to
depart (Scott)
i ddianc, to escape, i nofio,
to swim, gadewch, to depart
(Welsh)
eno-are, to escape scappare, to escape, sfuggire,
(by swimming);
vt; evitare, to escape, avoid
fugio, fugere, fugi, nuotare, to swim, partire, to
fugitum, to flee
depart (Italian)
s'echapper, éluder,
éviter, to escape, nager, to
swim, partir, to depart
(French)
to escape
[<ONFr.
escaper]
depart [<OFr.
departir
3-134
isparza/isparz, isparzae,
ispartiie/a, ispart, to
escape, pars, to escape, flee
(Hittite)
Eioneus
(Ixion), Greek
mythical
hero?
Aeneas?
Aeneas
ena, Script Z1628
enas, Script Z144,
Z245, Z272, Z300,
Z327, Z396, Z470,
Z1326, Z1571
ene, Script Z709?,
N357, XK-3
eno, enu (ENœ),
Script N112, N139,
N173, N206, N216,
N230, N244, N363,
N391, Q202, R294,
Script N112, N139,
N173, N206, N216,
N230, N244, N363,
N391, Q202, R294
Enai, Script MS-1
3-135
prabh¶, shine, suketu
adj., very bright;
bRhaddyuti
adj., shining bright;
ketumant, adj., bright,
clear; virociSNu, adj.,
shining bright; dIdi,
{dIdyati}, to shine,
gleam, be bright or
visible, please; las,
lasati, to gleam,
glance, sound forth,
appear, rise, shine,
glitter
36 of 44
tâbidan, É·÷φ£ to
beam, shine,
solarize,
deraxsidan, to
shine; rowsan,
deraxsân, âftâbi,
adj. bright
(Persian)
,
brtsqinavs, to shine
(Georgian)
tag- to shine,
ùežmü, bright,
clear (Hurrian)
nabû, to shine, be
brilliant, adj.,
shinning bright,
flaring, nab u, to
shine brightly, to
become bright,
to make bright, to
make resplendent,
resplendent, to
ߺ‰ »
,
bliskacie , to shine
(Belarusian)
sjajiti, to shine
(Croatian)
blask, blyzzczec,
polysk, shone,
swiecic, shine
(Polish)
sp dªt, to shine
(Latvian)
s´ str´luceasc´, to
shine (Romanian)
loistaa, to shine
(Finish-Uralic)
enit (M67)
ENiTO, (ENiTœ),
Script Q424
–¿®þÀ , na lámpsei, to
shine (Greek)
ÿ•õ Ä, shoghal, to shine enito-ere-ui,
(Aremnian)
lux, lucis, light
për të shkëlqyer, to shine
lustër, ndricim,
shkëlquim, shine
(Albanian)
a shine, to shine (Irish)
a 's$ileachadh, to shine
(Scott)
i disgleirio, tywynno,
to shine (Welsh)
brillare, to shine
(Italian)
briller, to shine (French)
misriwes, bright, to become
full (said of the moon),
misriwadr, brightness,
fullness (Hittite)
to shine [<OE
scinan] out,
shine forth?
luster [<latine,
lustrare, to
brighten].
3-136
Context:AMaPa
ENiTœ: TESTRœ:
SESE ASA
8RATRœS PER
"she/he loved (L.
am¶% bat) to shine
forth, to testify
herself; he/she
would adopt as
his/her own (L.
ascio-scire, Conj.
Pres. 3rd Pers.
Single, asciat) the
brothers /
fraternity (L.
frater-tris, Acc. Pl.
-us or -os) through
(L. per)
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
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flare up?, to gain
radiance, maš u,
to shine brightly,
to flare up,
nam ru, to shine
brightly, to dawn,
to burn brightly, to
clear up, to
become clear,
intelligible, to
have a light color
(said of ominous
features), to
brighten (said of
one’s mood), etc.,
elû, to make
brilliant, to be
merry, make love,
anp u, shining,
blazing fire,
kindled, rising
sun, star, * elû,
muttanbi u, adj.,
shining, bright,
napardû, adj.,
shining, bright,
brilliant,
(Akkadian)
xordekâri, detail,
sarh dâdan, & +
ɤ¥¤ to detail,
define, enunciate,
tell, describe
(Persian)
ucc¶rayati, to
pronounce
ativistara, adj.
diffuseness, prolixity;
{-tas} at large, in full
detail.
kullumu, to
explain, expose to
the sun, to become
exposed, to reveal
(something
hidden), reveal, to
offer to a god, to
assign, to produce
a person, to point
out, to show a
document,etc.
dab bu, to tell, to
speak, to talk,
relate, recite,
come to
agreement,
negotiate, plead,
litigate, complain,
(Akkadian)
fajr,
dawn,
Aurora, morning,
â âz šodán,
to dawn,
originate, bâmdâd,
¤¥·@†Ï dawn,
daybreak,
pisaznimruz,
morning;
sepidedam, pagâh,
dawn; rowsan
sodan, to dawn
(Persian)
Us, dawn, morning
,
ts’iskris
k’alghmert’i,
goddess of the
dawn (Georgian)
nam ru, to dawn,
to make shining,
brilliant, to burn
brightly, to shine
brightly (said of
heavenly bodies),
to clear up (said of
an eclipse), to
37 of 44
» ß ß •=
, kab
abviaš a , to
enunciate
(Belarusian)
izre i, to enunciate
(Croatian)
wyjasnic,
wytlumaczyc,
explain (Polish)
sludin¶t, to enunciate
(Latvian)
s´ enunµe, to
enunciate, ENUNÒ, I
enunciate
(Romanian)
ilmaista, to enunciate
(Finnish-Uralic)
ß ð‰ • ‰Y
•,
bahinia svitannia,
goddess of the dawn
(Belarusian)
poranek,
božica zore, goddess
of the dawn
(Croatian)
rano, morning
(Polish)
ausma dieviete,
goddess of the dawn
(Latvian)
zeiµa zorilor, goddess
of the dawn
(Romanian)
aamurusko jumalatar,
goddess of the dawn,
valjeta, dawn
(Finnish-Uralic)
™ Œ- ¬ , na
diatypóso, to enunciate
(Greek)
à Ž
• Ä•‚
° •,
bats’atrelu hamar, to
enunciate (Armenian)
për të shprehur, to
enunciate, exigo,
epexigo, shpall,
parashtroj, shqiptoj, to
enunciate (Albanian)
\ V, ^À¿, `os, theá, Eos,
goddess, avgi, ximerono,
dawn (Greek)
 • „
³
|•‚ ,
arravotyan astvatsuhi,
goddess of the dawn,
Ä•‚³ Ã Ž, lusabats’,
dawn (Armenian)
perëndeshë e agimit,
goddess of the dawn,
mëngjes, agim, dawn,
morning (Albanian)
enucieo-are
Eos, eous -a -um,
belonging to the
morning, or
eastern, aur~ra-ae,
dawn, morning,
goddess of the
dawn
a chur in iúl, to enunciate
(Irish)
a 'cur a-mach, to enunciate
(Scott)
i ymadrodd, to enunciate,
datgan, to declare,
announce, proclaim,
enunciate, recount,
mynegi, to tell, express,
relate, declare, enunciate
(Welsh)
per enunciare, to enunciate
(Italian)
enunciare, to enunciate
enoncér, announcer
(French)
bandia an lae, goddess of the
dawn, maidin, morning
(Irish)
ban-dia na h-oidhche,
goddess of the dawn,
madainn, morning (Scott)
dduwies y bore, goddess of
the dawn, bore-au, morning,
forenoon; (Welsh)
matino, matina,
morning; alba, dawn
(Italian)
matin, morning, aube, dawn
(French)
to take out of
the kernel;
enok, enuk (envk),
hence, explain
Script N700, N738,
in detail
R212
3-137
Eos (EœS); Script
Q253, Q263, œ-2,
XE-7
Eus (EFS) L61,
Script Q253, Q263
goddess of the
dawn [<OE
dagian], Eos,
sister of an
ancient sun
god, Helios;
morning
[<OE morgen]
Note: œedic
goddess, Ushas,
Lithuanian,
goddess Austrine,
and Roman goddes
Aurora (Old Latin
Ausosa)
3-138
lukat, dawn, next morning,
tomorrow, har(ua)nae,
hru(wa)nae, to dawn
(Hittite)
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become clear,
intelligible, to
clear up troubles,
etc., nam r tu,
dawn, third watch
of the night,
ka âtam, in the
morning,
mušt rtu, early
morning, time of
awakening,
kall m re, early
in the morning
(Akkadian)
jasvsy kardan,
to spy,
snoop, grass
(Persian)
,
jashushi, to spy
(Georgian)
munaggiru, spy,
informer,
denouncer,
dagiltu, in ša
dagilti, spy,
observer
(Akkadian)
, špijoni , to
spy (Belarusian)
špijunirati, to spy
N
, a
(Croatian)
kataskopéfsei, to spy,
paratiro, tiro,
szpieg,
observe (Greek)
szpiegowac, to
€•‚ƒ„•‚…,
spy (Polish)
lrtesut’yun, to spy
spiegot, to spy
(Armenian)
(Latvian)
spiunoj, përgjoj, to spy;
a spiona, to spy
spiun, përgjues, spy
(Romanian)
(Albanian)
vakoilla, to spy
(Finnish-Uralic)
speculor-ari, to
watch out for, spy,
watch
inspectura, to spy
x
x
x
x
Mah‡k‡vyam, epic
hamas-h, ˆ ‰Š
epic, epic poem
(Persian)
,
epikuri (Georgian)
‹ Œ •, epiŽny, epic
(Belarusian)
ep, epic (Croatian)
epika, epic (Latvian)
EPIC, epic
(Romanian)
eeppinen, epic
(Finnish-Uralic)
• •, épos, epic (Greek)
epik, epic (Albanian)
x
x
x
x
Mah‡k‡vyam, epic,
poem
aš'âr,
poem
(Persian)
‘“” , vierš, poem
(Belarusian)
pjesma, poem
(Croatian)
jasvsy kardan
c¶ra , spy
spy?, to spy (Irish)
airson spiorad, to spy (Scott)
fforio, to explore, spy, scout;
sbio, ysbio to spy (Welsh)
spiare, to spy, spada, sword
(Italian)
épier, to spy upon, watch out
for, to watch, épée, sword
(French)
name of
Etruscan
child-like god,
Ep, Epe? To
spy [<OFr.
espier, to
watch; of
Gmc. origin]?
ep, Script Z421,
R72
epa? PA-13
Epe Or, (EPE VR)
Script DM-1.
Divine_Mirror.html
See Note 2)
suuae, suaie/a, to spy,
s ezzi, to spy, to squeeze
(Hittite)
3-139
x
x
Eph, goddess
of the earth?
3-140
EPH, (E†) Script
TC 242, Q360,
Q376, Q767, Q806,
Q899, R163, G-1
epicus-a-um
eipiciúil, epic (Irish)
epig, epic (Welsh)
epica, epic (Italian)
épique, epic (French)
epic
epic, Script K57
x
x
Epior, name
of Ephyra, a
city
conquered by
Heracles?
dáncarmencarmen,
poema-atis, poem
epos, an epic
poem
dán, poem (Irish)
dàn, poem (Scott)
cerdd, poem (Welsh)
poesia, poem (Italian)
poème, poem (French)
3-141
Epior (EPIVR)
Script CS-1 (See
DM-3, EPEVR)
3-142
, poema,
poem (Georgian)
char.h, to wander;
abhrati, to err,
bhrama•, error
eštebâh kardán,
ž Ÿ ¡¢ to be
mistaken, err,
bungle, slip,
impregnate, etc.
zhar kardan, £ ¤¥¢
to drift, stray,
wander, gastan, to
wander; qalat,
error (Persian)
, ikheven to
wander,
,
shets’doma, to err,
, tsdeba, to
be mistaken
(Georgian)
dâlu, to wander
38 of 44
•–— , poíima, poem,
• •, épos, epic (Greek)
˜™…™€ ›œ•‚ƒ„•‚…,
banasteghtsut’yun, poem
(Armenian)
wiersz, poem (Polish) poemë, poem (Albanian)
dzejolis, poem
(Latvian)
poem (Romanian)
runo, poem (FinnishUralic)
‘¦ §”¦‘¦ ,
vandrava to wander,
‘¦ §”¦‘¦ , to wander,
¦¨•©ª ¦
¯ °±² •, na sfáleis, to
¦¨•©ª ¦,
err, periplanomai
pamyliacca, to err, be lathemenos,
mistaken (Belarusian) mistaken, ¯
lutati, to wander,
³ ² ¯–´ — , na
pogrešno, to err, biti
periplanithoúme, to
pogrešan, to be
wander (Greek)
mistaken (Croatian)
ƒ™µ™¶ , t’ap’arrel, to
wedrowac, to wander wander, €·™ ¸ •‚
bladzic, mylic sie,
¹™º™ , skhalvelu
err, pomyli si«, to be hamar, to err, be
mistaken (Polish)
mistaken (Armenian)
kl¬st, to wander,
endem, to wander, për të
k-®d¬ties, to err,
gabuar, to err, be
k-®daini, to be
mistaken (Albanian)
mistaken (Latvian)
erro-are
Erato, the Muse of
lyric and love
poetry
chun wander, to wander, a
bheith cearr, to be mistaken,
err, to err (Irish)
gus a dhol fodha, to wander,
a dh 'fhalbh, to err, observe;
amharus-uis, suspicion,
doubt, mistake, gus a bhith
ceàrr, to be mistaken (Scott)
i grwydro, to wander,
amryfuso, to err,
blunder; camgymrd, to
make a mistake, err;
cyfeiliorni, to err, stray
(Welsh)
error, fault, error; errare, to
err, essere in errore, to be
mistaken, vagare, to wander
(Italian)
poem, epic
3-143
to wander
[<OE
wandrian],
stray, rove;
wander over,
waver, to err,
be mistaken;
3-144
epos (EPVS),
Script XA-32
see epic
er, Script R22, L38
err, Script Z103,
Z897
ere, Script Z945,
700, Q500, Q683,
R29
eres, Script 505,
533, 607, 638,
AL-9?
ero (ERV), Script
87, Q209, Q488,
R56, R188, R212,
G21
err (ERvR) Z76,
Z102, Z897
erri, Z1417
erin? J41-10
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
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aimlessly, prowl,
wander about in
despair, move
unnaturally, move
with indifference,
nag šu, wander
around, to go
away, to leave, to
run about, to rove,
stroll, a û, to
make a mistake, to
fail, neglect, miss,
to commit an
offense, to
trespass, to sin, to
damage, injure,
(Akkadian)
apjat, kurt,
wander; kliuda,
error (BalticSudovian)
la eroare, to err,
ERES, supersition,
error EROARE,
error, a se intreba, to
wander, s» fie gre¼it,
to be mistaken
(Romanian)
vaeltaa, to wander,
virheeseen, to err,
olla väärässä, to be
mistaken (FinnishUralic)
x
x
x
x
L. era-ae, lady,
mistress
x
ladies,
mistresses
x
x
x
x
x
x
name of
person, Eria
3-146
erreur, error; errer, to err, to
wander (French)
Eraia, Script 333
(possibly a name;
Note 1)
3-145
kala, the right or
proper time, hour, age,
era, time as a ruler;
upapatn¬, bandhak¬, a
kept woman,
praj‡pat¬, ¬½var¬ lady
‹ ¾¿¦, epocha, era,
¦©ÀÁ¾Â ¦,
paliuboÃnica,
âqâze târix, dowre, mistress, ©‹§Ä , ledzi,
lady (Belarusian)
era (Persian)
doba, era, ljubavnica,
, era, era,
mistress, dama, lady
,
(Croatian) era, era
saqvareli, mistress, (Polish)
,
gadine, era
k’albatoni, lady
(Baltic-Sudovian)
(Georgian)
laikmets, era,
saimniece, mistress,
*all, mistress,
d‡ma, lady (Latvian)
allai, lady
ERA, era, age;
(Hurrian)
MUIEREA, amant»,
ammatu,
mistress, lady,
mistress, female
head of the family, doamn», lady
lab r tu, age, old (Romanian)
age, long duration, aikakausi, era,
(Akkadian)
emäntä, mistress,
nainen, lady (FinnishUralic)
epochi, periodos, era,
³Å—•¯–, eroméni,
mistress, Ƴ• , kyría,
lady (Greek)
Ç™ ™È É™…, darashrjan,
era, €Ê •‚¹Ê, siruhi,
mistress, ÊËÊ…, tikin,
lady (Armenian)
erë, epokë, era, mësuese,
mistress, zonjë, lady
(Albanian)
tempus-oris, age,
era
era-ae, mistress,
lady
aer-eris, the lower
air, atmosphere
ré, era, máistreás, mistress,
bhean, lady (Irish)
ùine, era, màthair, mistress,
bhean, lady (Scott)
cyfnod-au, period, era
meistres-i, mistress;
gwraig, lady (Welsh)
era, era; signora, mistress,
lady (Italian)
ère, era; madame, mistress,
dame, lady (French)
era [<Lat.
aera,
counters], age,
epoch [<Gk.
epokhe,
pause];
mistress
[<OFr.
maistresse],
lady [OE
hlÌfdige]
3-147
MUNUS, woman,
*kuwanz, woman, ishasra,
lady, mistress, (Hittite)
Eria, Script R499
era, Script Z64,
TC56, 254,
Q543; DH-3,
PA-11
eras, Script Z446,
Z1591, Z1861
L. Acc. Pl. -as "of
the ladies"
Eraia, Script 333
(possibly a name;
Note 1)
avi [-] to, unto,
towards, upa, adv.,
towards, by near,
on, upon, in, into
(Avestan)
parita•, about
nazdik,
about, adjacent,
approximate,
near, etc., zy
for, to, towards,
svy
€ angle,
direc on, to,
towards, etc.
(Persian)
,
daakhloebit’,
about,
,
mimart, towards
(Georgian)
¦Á, ab, about
(Belarusian)
oko, about, za,
towards (Croatian)
o, about, w kierunku,
towards (Polish)
par, about, uz,
towards (Latvian)
despre, about, c»tre,
towards (Romanian)
noin, about, kohti,
towards (FinnishUralic)
Í
± — , schetiká me,
about, ³ •, pros,
towards (Greek)
º™€Ê…, masin, about,
Ç ÎÊ •‚››•‚ƒ„•‚…, depi
ughghut’yun, towards
(Armenian)
për, about, drejt, towards
(Albanian)
ÂÄ‘¾§Ä
¯
erga
faoi, about, i dtreo, towards
(Irish)
mu dheidhinn, about, a
dh'ionnsaigh, towards (Scott)
am, about, tuag at, towards
about,
(Welsh)
towards
di, about, circa, vers
towards, in direzione,
3-148
towards (Italian)
sur, about, autour, around,
vers towards (French)
erce, Script BS-23
ntewe, toward, opposite,
facing (Hittite)
ana, toward,
against, for, to, up
to, upon, from
(Akkadian)
râtsodegi, pâye,
39 of 44
, Ãzvodzi ,
¯ Ï ³´ •, na
erigo-rigere-rexi
to erect?
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
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setânde, erection,
sakhtan, Ð Ñ to
build, compoase,
confect, erect,
fashion, etc.
(Persian)
, dadges,
to erect (Georgian)
nirmim¬te, to erect
(build), mi, minoti,
minute, to establish,
build, erect, measure,
observe, set up, dig in,
fix
x
šid-(išt-), to build
(Urartian)
pa-, to build, erect
(Hurrian)
kânu, to erect a
wall, a building, a
city, establish
laws, regulations,
to lay out a
waterway, etc.,
ep šu,to build,
construct,
cultivate,
manufcture,
perform a
divination, etc.
(Akkadian)
x
to erect (Belarusian)
podi i, to erect
(Croatian)
wznie½ , to erect,
pozycji, erect
(Polish)
uzcelt, to erect
(Latvian)
pentru a ridica, to
erect, RIDIC, I erect
(Romanian)
pystyttää, to erect
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
anegertheí, to erect,
(Greek)
Ë™¶•‚Ò •‚ ¹™º™ ,
karruts’yelu hamar, to
erect (Armenian)
për të ngritur, to erect,
krijoj, ngre, montoj,
ndërtoj, to erect
(Albanian)
a thógáil, to erect (Irish)
a thogail, to erect (Scott)
i godi, to erect, adeiladu, to
build, construct, erect, edify
(Welsh)
eriger, to wander; eretto, to
erect (Italian)
il se promène, to wander,
erreur, error, érriger, to erect
(French)
rectum, to set up,
place upright,
erect, raise; milit.
to march a body of
soldiers up a
wic, dawic, erect, to build
height
(Lydian)
3-149
cu(ve), to erect (Lycian)
tu(wa), to erect, put, to place
(Luvian)
wete-> build, tanu, to erect,
set up, to establish (Hittite)
Ó³ ¯ •, Erinýes (Greek)
Erinys-yos, one of
the Furies; plur.
Erinyes; transf. a
curse
x
the Furies,
Greek
Erinyes,
female spirts
who took
revenge
against
offenders
against blood
kin. The case
of Orestes is
an example.
Often
employed as a
curse
3-150
x
x
x
x
x
x
Erion, name?
erek, Script Q335,
Q512, Q534, Q661,
Q813, Q908, R81,
R190, Script Q335,
Q512, Q534, Q661,
Q813, Q908, R72,
R80
eric, Script Z144,
Z969, Z1016,
Z1065, Z1832,
TC38
Ereni, Script
Z1146,
Z1378
Context:
FAC Le
AFRATVM
KVRV
PER ERE I "I
make/do (L. facio,
facere, feci,
factum, Ind. Pres.
1st Pers. Single
facio) there;
adorned with gold
(L. auratus-a-um)to
hasten (L. curro,
currere, cucurri,
cursum) by,
through (L. per) the
Furies (L.
Erinys-yos, pl.
Erinyes)"
Erion (ERIV )
Script L-29
3-151
parikalpayati, to
assign, distribute,
maMh, maMhate,
maMhayati to grant,
bestow, w. {vi}
distribute; diz,
dideSTi, dizati, -te,
exhibit, show, order,
assign, transfer,
designate, distribute,
prophesy
40 of 44
paxs, (baxš), ÔÕÖ
allocation,
distribution,
dispersal, towzi',
distribution, etc.
(Persian)
,
ganatsileba, to
distribute
(Georgian)
e ru , to pay, to
pay in full, to be
paid, u, cash
payment, nad nu,
to entrust, hand
over, to grant a
share, to create,
surrender, to sell,
to do business,
deliberate, discuss
(Akkadian)
”¦× ¦Â×À§Ø‘¦ ,
raspaÃsiudÙva , to
distribute
(Belarusian)
distribuirati, to
distribute (Croatian)
decentralizowac,
rozdzielac,
rozpraszac,
distribute (Polish)
izplat¬t, to distribute
(Latvian)
a distribui, to
distribute (Romanian)
jakaa, to distribute
(Finnish-Uralic)
Ú ¯•—Å, dianemo, to
distribute, diamoirazo,
distribute (Greek)
™ ™œ ,
taratsel, to distribute
(Armenian)
hap, përndaj,
kategorizoj,
shpërndaj, to distribute,
klasifikoj, ndaj,
grupoj, përap
[bojën], pjesëtoj, to
distribute
(Albanian)
× ¦§¦”, spadar, lord,
¨¦Û×ܦ”, majstar,
master
(Belarusian)gospodar,
±³Í ¯ •, árchontas,
lord, ݳŕ, Þros, agapo,
agapi, love; erotikos,
erotic, ³ •, kýrios,
erogo-are
a dháileadh, to distribute
(Irish)
sgaoileadh, to distribute
(Scott)
dosbarthu, to classify,
assort, dispose,
distribute, apportion;
rhannu, to share,
divide, distribute, talu,
to pay, expend,
recompense (Welsh)
erogare, to distribute,
deliver, (Italian)
distribuer, to distribute,
débourser, to pay out
(French)
to ask for and
obtain, pay
out money
from public
funds
erok (ERVK),
Script Q351
3-152
maniiahh, to distribute,
mniah, to distribute, entrust
(Hittite)
erus-i, master,
lord;
Eros, Latin Amor
or| Cupid
tiarna, lord (Irish)
tighearna, lord (Scott)
arglwydd-i, lord, baron
Eros, the god
of love?
master,
[<Latin
Eros (ERVS) Script
349, 357, 363,
738, Q202, Q253,
Q762, Q863, R294,
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
prabhutvaß karoti, to
domineer, rule,
prabhu•, master, lord,
¬½a•, the lord of the
past, future and the
present,
zRGgAravant, adj.
erotic; IzitR, lord,
master; vizvAdhipa,
the lord of the
universe.
ahu [-] lord, ahura
[-], du A, Ahura;
the Lord, God,
airyanãm [airya],
noble birth, ahm,
master of the clan,
vîspaitîm[vîspaiti],
master of a street
or borough
(Avestan)
âseqâne,
dosâramâne,
erotic, adj.
xodâvand,
farmânravâ,
sahryâr, £å lord
(Persian)
, up’alo,
lord,
,
ostati, master
(Georgian)
ever-ni, lord, king
(Hurrian)
ammu , master,
head of the family,
etellu, lord,
prince, etelliš,
adv., lordly, in a
lordly way,
proudly, etell tu,
lordship, authority,
nu, lord, ruler,
high priest, high
priestess, n tu,
lordship, office of
the high priestess,
janzi, king
(Kassite word),
šarr tu, king, to
rule as king, to be
king, mulku,
kingship
(Akkadian)
vashna, ¤¡¢å herbs
(Persian)
,
balakhs, herb
(Georgian)
auçadha, consisting of
herbs, ½‡ka, pot herb
asmi (I am) asi (you
are)
bhuu (to be),
Sanskrit, bhavati, to
become,
41 of 44
lord, ovladati;
majstorski, master
(Croatian)
lord, pan, wladca,
lord; erotyczny,
erotic (Polish)
kungs, lord,
kapteinis, master
(Latvian)
maestru, master
(Romanian)
herra, lord, hallita,
master (FinnishUralic)
* kânu, to be
(Akkadian)
cun (cuniad), lord
glyw, governor,
lord, muner, rhi, king, lord;
udd, lord; meistr
(meistar), master, boss
(Welsh)
signore, padrone, sovrano,
lord (Italian)
seigneur, maître, lord,
(French)
master (Greek)
, ter, lord, ¸™ Î ,
varpet, master
(Armenian)
mjeshtër, master,
dashuror, erotik,
erotic; feudal, zot, anëtar
i dhomës së lordëve,
zotëri, burrë, lord
(Albanian)
k‡kmart [B kamarto*],
k‡kmärtik [B kamart(t)ike]
master, sovereign
(Tocharian)
BE-Læ-, E , lord
ish -, master, ishiulahh, to
magister]
owner, lord
[<OE
hlaford], sir
[<Sire =
Lat. senior,
sensex,
senis, old,
aged]?
R487, R530, R619
ERoS (ERvS),
Script Au61
3-153
make lordly, ishassarues?,
to become a lord?
ishetsnadr/ishetsnan, to
become a lord (Hittite)
Ü”¦‘¦, trava, herb
(Belarusian)
biljka, herb
(Croatian)
ziele, herb (Polish)
marq tu,
z‡le, herb (Latvian)
vegetation, m štu,
IARBê, herbs, grass
herb for m štu(Romanian)
disease?, female
yrtti, herb (Finnishtwin, a disease,
Uralic)
(Akkadian)
vîs-, to be, to
become; to come
ah, ahi, astu,
ïngha, to be
(Avestan)
, qop’na, to
be (Georgian)
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
Á• by , to be
(Belarusian)
biti, vidi be,
e, jeste, is
(Serbo-Croatian)
byc, to be, (Polish)
(Belarus)
ast, est-are;
butuni but,
to be (BalticSudovian)
b®t, to be (Latvian)
a fi, to be
EðTI, you are; ESTE,
he, she, it is
(Romanian)
olla, to be (FinnishUralic)
ìó ¯ , vótano, herb
(Greek)
·• , khot, herb
(Armenian)
barishte, herb (Albanian)
herba-ae, herb,
vegetation
luibh, herb (Irish)
luibh, herb (Scott)
berlysiau, herb (Welsh)
erba, grass, herb (Italian)
herbe, herbe, (French)
vegetation,
herbs?
3-154
erpis, Script PL-18
halki-, grain, barley,
tsitsipanti, a kind of herb,
welku, vegetation, grass
(Hittite)
¯ •¯ , na eínai, eimai,
to be, ¯ Ï•¯Å, na gino,
to become Greek)
Ê… , linel, to be
(Armenian)
te behesh, to be
ekzistoz, to be;
jam, to be (Albanian)
sum, esse,
fui, futurus, to be,
fio, fieri, factus
sum, used as pass.
of facio, to
become
a bheith, to be (Irish)
Gu bhith, to be (Scott)
i fod, to be, bod, to be, exist,
(Welsh)
emañ [emaon,
emaout, emaint], to be
(Breton)
essere, to be (Italian)
òtre, to be (French)
e, to be (Lydian)
ôs-, to be, -u-e-et, become,
kikkis-> k¬s-> to become,
happen (Hittite)
to be [OE
beon]
3-155
es, Script Z347,
Z439, Z470, Z561,
Z572, Z784,
Z1027,
Z1378, Z1410,
Z1438, TC61,
453, 469, 607,
638, 676, 767,
Q46, Q202, Q209,
Q217, Q224, Q311,
Q543, R229, R619,
R661, K41, PL-2,
FR-3, XB-8,
XB-10, XB-13,
XJ-20
est, Q821, R68,
R459, K160
esta, XJ-20
este, Script 462
õ see also sum,
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
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sim, sunt, See also
fi, fia
‡h‡ra•, food,
nourishment, ‡miçam,
bait
hvaretha [-] food
(Avestan)
azâ, •‚ food,
aliment, meat,
meal, dish, eats,
chow, xƒr„k, …•† ‡ ¿¦”Œ¦‘¦ “,
charŽavannie, food,
aliment, cuisine,
”• ¦§¦, prynada,
eats, food, repast
(Persian)
bait, “ئ, jeÙa, meal
(Belarusian)
,
hrana, food, mamac,
sakvebi, food,
bait, jelo, meal
,
(Croatian)
satquaras, bait,
, k’veba,
jedzenie, food,
meal (Georgian)
posiøek, meal (Polish)
ôdiens, food, ôsma,
aš(i)=o=öi-,
bait, malt¬te, meal
ašoöi-, ašoöe,
(Latvian)
meal, 'uzi, meat
alimente, food,
(Hurrian)
momeal», bait, mas»,
kinsigu, late
meal (Romanian)
afternoon meal,
ruoka, food, sy÷tti,
late afternoon,
bait, ateria, meal
naptanu, time of
the evening meal, (Finnish-Uralic)
evening, banquet,
food, allotment,
iptennu,
kurummu?,
kuš tu?, food,
nebr tu, food,
fodder, pasture
(Akkadian)
xis, plow,
ba xis (khysh)
kardan, ˆ‰‡ Š
‹
to
plow, soxm zadan,
$ %Õ¡ to plow
(Persian)
, gut’ani,
to plow (Georgian)
halam; l‡#galam,
plow, lAGgala,
plough;
kRS, karSati, -te, to
pull, tear, bend, bend a
bow, draw furrows,
plough
kçudhyati, hunger
azanAyAvant @
{azanA3yuka};
kSudhAlu @
{kSunmant} adj.
hungry; kSudh,
kSudhyati, to be
hungry
aahR`i, ad
42 of 44
* ar šu, to plow,
rišu, plowman,
emû, plow share,
arbu, a special
kind of plow, field
plowed with it,
muš lû, a plow, a
tick or strap used
for lifting, part of
a lock of a door or
canal (Akkadian)
gorosnegi, ˆY \
adj., hungry,
starving,
gorosnegi
kasidan, ârzu
kardan, to hunger
(Persian)
,
iqo mshieri, to be
hungry (Georgian)
em u, adj.,
hungry, em u, to
be hungry
(Akkadian)
ad [-], to eat, to
¦”¦ , ara , to plow
(Belarusian)za
oranje, to plow
(Croatian)
orac, plug, plow
(Polish)
arkls, to plow
(Latvian)
S» ard», to plow,
ARI, you plow
(Romanian)
aurat, to plow
(Finnish-Uralic)
³ °û, trofí, food,
Úó²Å— , dóloma, bait,
Ï — , gévma, meal
(Greek)
€……Ç™ºƒ ü,
snndamt’yerk’, food,
esca-ae, food,
þ…È•‚ºÿ, chnshumy, bait,
victuals, esp. bait
Ë ™Ë•‚ , kerakur,
meal (Armenian)
ushqim, food, karrem,
bait, vakt, meal
(Albanian)
¯ ³±&Å, na aráxo, to
plow, skabo, dig (Greek)
¹•›ÿ, hoghy, to plow
(Armenian)
për të +arë, to plow,
lëroj, hap brazda,
plugoj, kridhem,
can [anija], rrëzoj
[gj.fol], to plow, plug,
plow (Albanian)
exaro-are, to plow
bia, food, bhaoite, bait, béile,
meal (Irish)
biadh, food, biathadh, bait,
mine, meal (Scott)
bwyd, food, abwyd, bait, pryd
o fwyd (Welsh)
cibo, food, esca, bait,
enticement, tinder, pasto, meal
(Italian)
aliments, food, appât, bait,
repas, meal (French)
a threabhadh, to plow (Irish)
a threabhadh, to plow (Scott)
i adar, to plow aradr (erydr),
plow arddu, aredig, to plow
(Welsh)
arare, to plow, soicare, to
plough (Italian)
labourer, to plow, sillonner
[naut.] (French)
tre/ipie/a, to plow, tre/ipi,
plowed field, hars, to plow,
to till (Hittite)
exeo-ire-li-[ivi]itum;,
to go out, pass
from state to state;
esurio-ire, to be
hungry, long for
“× , jesci, to eat
¯ °±Å, na fáo, to eat
edo, edere or ese,
3-156
ek, fodder (Tocharian)
GIŠAPIN, plow, terippie/a,
¯ —•¯ •,
peinasménos,
hungry (Greek)
ü™›Ò™œ Ê… ,
k’aghts’ats linel, to be
hungry (Armenian)
te jesh i uritur, to be
hungry, kam uri, vdes
nga dëshira për, vdes
urie, to be hungry,
(Albanian)
esa, Script LS-4
m mal, memal, meal,
coarsely ground meal, edri,
food, sanhua, sanhuna, a
food, tsinail, a foodstuff,
tsowa, food, bread (Hittite)
‡re*, plow (Tocharian)
Á• ^¦©¾§ •¨,
by halodnym, to be
hungry (Belarusian)
biti gladan, to be
hungry (Croatian)
glodny, hungry
(Polish)
b®t izsalkušam, to be
hungry (Latvian)
a fi flamand, to be
hungry (Romanian)
olla nälkäinen, to be
hungry (FinnishUralic)
food, [<OE
f!da] victuals,
esp. bait
ocras, hungry (Irish)
acrach, hungry (Scott)
newynu, to starve, hunger,
famish (Welsh)
affamare, aver fame;
agognare, bramare, to
hunger for Italian)
affamer, avoir faim, to
hunger (French)
to plow,
plough [<OE
ploh, a unit of
land area] up,
dig up? write
on waxen
tablets?
harrow [<Me
harwe], farm
implement
used to break
up plowed
ground, to
break up soil
with a harrow
esari, Script Q863
3-157
to be hungry
[<OE
hungor],
desire food,
long for?
esuis (ESFIS),
Script Z206, Z255,
Z369, Z396, Z1049
3-158
ast, hunger (Luvian)
kistwant, hungry, kast/kist,
hunger, starvation, famine,
kistant/kastant, hunger
kistantsie/a, to suffer
hunger (Hittite)
Ith, to eat (Irish)
to eat [<OE
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
43 of 44
say, franguharât
[fra-hvar], to eat
(Avestan)
xordan, £ Ñ to
eat (Persian)
, chama, to eat
(Georgian)
at- , to eat
(Urartian)
zaz, to make eat
(Hurrian)
ak lu, to eat,
consume, provide
for oneself
(Akkadian)
ostovâr, adj., âvâz,
navâ, ostovâr,
sound, sadâ / sedâ,
audio, noise,
phone, song,
sound, etc.
(Persian)
, ismis, to
sound (Georgian)
dhvani, dhvanii;
svana, svara
ab bu, noise, a
kind of noise,
abru, adj., noisy,
ab ru, to be
noisy, gangi u,
merru, a kind of
song, elilu, mekû,
a type of song,
n ru, a song,
nissatu, song,
depression, worry,
grief, wailing
song, in u, song
or tune
(Akkadian)
at, and (Avestan)
o, va, ‚ and
(Persian)
, da, and
(Georgian)
x
'-an, '-ma, and,
'-ma, -mu, =mma,
'=mân, =man, and,
but (Hurrian)
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
(Belarusian)
jesti, hraniti se
(Serbo-Croatian)
jesci, v. imp.,
zjesci, v. perf.
(Belarus)
ate, jesc (Polish)
estun, est; edais~
eat~ edis, food
(Baltic-Sudovian)
ôst, to eat (Latvian)
a mânca, to eat
(Romanian)
sy÷dä, to eat
(Finnish-Uralic)
, hu a , to
sound (Belarusian)
zvu ati, to sound
(Croatian)
sondowac,
wydawac glos,
zdrowy, sound
(Polish)
zadas, sound
(Baltic-Sudovian)
ska u, to sound
(Latvian)
A SUNA, to make a
sound; TUNA, to
thunder (Romanian)
kuulostaa, to sound
(Finnish-Uralic)
trogo (Greek)
•‚
, utel, to eat
(Armenian)
për të ngrënëha, to eat,
kam saije, lëpu
(Albanian)
,
akoúgomai, to sound,
steno, sound; tonos, tone,
V, íchos, sound
(Greek)
€,
hnch’yets’nelu hamar, to
sound (Armenian)
të shëndoshë, to sound,
sonoj, to sound;
tingellim, tingull,
ton, sound (Albanian)
edi, esum, to eat,
esurio-ire, to be
hungry
manducare, to eat
sono, sonere,
sonui, to sound;
tono are-ui-itum,
to thunder
a dh'itheadh, to eat (Scott)
bwyta, to eat, mess
(Welsh)
mangiare, to eat (Italian)
manger, to eat (French)
súwa, to eat (Tocharian)
at, ed, zzi, ed/ad, ezza/ezz
to eat (Hittite)
chun fuaim, to sound (Irish)
gu fuaim, to sound (Scott)
i sain, to sound, lleiso, to
sound, utter, bawl; seino, to
sound, resound, enunciate;
swnio, to sound,
pronounce (Welsh)
sondare, to sound (Italian)
sonoriser, to sound (French)
käln- [B käln-], to sound,
resound (Tocharian)
tethesr/tethesn, tethima,
thunder, tith, tetha/teth,
tethiie/a, to thunder,
harsiharsi, thunderstorm
(Hittite)
etan]; bite
[<OE bitan]
to go out?
3-159
to sound,
tinkle [<ME
tyncien, to
make a
metalic
sound]
3-160
esi, Script Z537,
Z918, Z1203,
Z1282, Z1326,
TC38, BT-5,
A -22
esi ce (ESI Ce),
Script BT-5
eso (ESV), Script
74, Q887, R-1,
R100, R238, R286,
MS14
eson, Script XU-2
esona (ES•NA),
Script
N391, Q278, R22,
R31, R40
esone (ES•NE)
Script
N87, Q278, R642,
R30, R44
esones (ES•NES)
Script R82
esono, (ES•N•)
Script N74, N149,
Q351, Q893, R229,
R394
ETONA, to
thunder, Script
Au82, Aph-29 (See
T•NA, TvNAM,
T•NE, T•NI)
a, ac and, (Welsh)
agus, is and, (Scott)
ha, hag, and (Breton)
e, ed, and (Italian)
et, and (French)
ƒ, and (Belarusian)i,
and (Croatian)
a, and, iloczym
logiczny, i, and
(Polish)
be, ba, and (Baltic
Sudovian)
un, and (Latvian)
ja, and (FinnishUralic)
-ke and (Lycian)
-k , and (Lydian)
-ca, -ya, and,
, kai, and (Greek)
, yev, and (Armenian)
dhe, e, and (Albanian)
nu, and, su, and, but
ta, and, Ù, and, -ma, but, and,
ha, and, also, ku, and, even,
et
now, nuku, and now,
imaku, and even, now, on
top of that (Hittite)
adv. also,
even; conj.
and [<OE
and], and
indeed; in
narrative, and
then, and yet
et, Script N216,
Q701, Q745, R40,
R94, R128, R142,
R160, TC1, MS-1,
BS-16
ETH, (E„) M78
3-161
aššu, and, k mu,
adv., and
(Akkadian)
vahati, to sustain,
support, carry,
AdimUla, the first
cause; rac, racayati,
produce, form, make,
cause, compose,
write,invent; bhR,
bibharti,
hold carry
frajasaiti [fra
jas] to produce
(Avestan)
angize, sabab,
bahân, cause
farâvarde,
produce; nesân
…† † …‡ˆ‰ dâdan, to
produce, reveal,
show, expose,
declare, etc.,
zayydn, … Š‹ Œ to
give birth
• Ž•• ‘“,
da spravy, to cause,
‘“• ”•– ,
vyrablia , to produce,
—˜—• ‘ ,
hienierava , to
generate, ˜—Ž ƒ,
niesci, to bear,
˜ • •™ ,
naradža , to give
birth (Belarusian)
uzrokovati, to cause,
proizvoditi, to
š ›œ
•Ÿ Ÿ , gia
na prokalesei, to cause,
¡¢ £œ
Ÿ,
na dimiourgísei, to
generate, š ¤¥œŸ , na
férei, to bear, arkouda,
basto, styrizo, ypofero,
genno, to bear; parago,
proion, proxeno, to
produce; aita, aformi,
cause, Ÿšš¦§, gennáo,
give birth (Greek)
€¨ ©€ , artadrel, to
edo-ederedidi-ditum; to put
forth, discharge,
emit, to give birth,
to produce,
producoducere-dusi
ductum, to bring
forward, bring out,
to produce;
causa-ae a cause
in all senses of the
English word;
a tháirgeadh, to produce, a
ghiniúint, to generate, a
iompróidh, to bear, Beir, to
give birth (Irish)
airson a dhèanamh, to
produce, a ghineadh, to
generate, a ghiùlan, to bear,
breith, to give birth (Scott)
achosi, peri, par, to cause;
planta, to beget children;
cynhyrchu, to produce,
generate; i ddwyn, to bear,
epilio, to bring forth, breed,
to give birth
to, to bear
[OE beran],
support,
cause,
produce, put
forth, breathe
one's last, die;
generate
[<Lat.
genero-are, to
beget]
eta, Script N230,
N244, N254
etes, Script R251
eto (ET•), Script
N74, N100, N149,
N160, N254, N404,
N417, Q-6, Q65,
Q84, Q95, Q107,
Q320, Q326, Q355,
Q396, Q416, Q813,
R49, R248, R542,
L52 , Script
N74, N100, N149,
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates
44 of 44
file:///C:/Users/mel/Documents/maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.1...
(Persian)
,
gamoitsvios, to
cause,
,
tsarmoeba, to
produce
gamomushaveba,
to generate,
,
ekisreba, to bear,
, gachena,
give birth
(Georgian)
ªan-, an-, to give
birth (Hurrian)
eš ru, to give
birth easily,
charge, to send,
dispatch, insure
the correct
performance of a
ritual, etc., al«du,
wal«du, to give
birth, našû, to
bear, have, hold a
document, to bear
fruit, to transport
goods, to rise, to
carry off, to serve
food, etc.,
nisannu, 1st
month, 1st
produce of the
season
(Akkadian)
x
produce, generirati,
to genrate, nositi, to
bear, poroditi, to
deliver, give birth
(Croatian)
powodowa , to
cause, produkowa ,
to produce,
generowa , to
generate, urodzi , to
give birth (Polish)
izrais¬t, to cause,
ražot, to produce,
rad¬t, to generate,
paciest, to bear,
dzemd-t, give birth
(Latvian)
a cauza, to cause, a
produce, to produce,
a genera, to generate,
a suporta, to bear, da
na®tere, give birth
(Romanian)
aiheuttaa, to cause,
tuottaa, to produce,
generate, kantaa, to
bear, synnyttää, give
birth (Finnish-Uralic)
produce, ¯ ¨° ± ,
patcharrel, to cause,
²
€
€,
generats’nelu hamar, to
generate, ³€ , krel, to
bear, ´ , tsnel, to give
birth (Armenian)
të prodhosh, to produce,
per te prodhuar, to
generate, për kauzën, to
cause, të mbajnë, to bear,
lind, to give birth
(Albanian)
produce, rhoi genedigaeth, to
give birth (Welsh)
causere, to cause, generare,
to generate, produrre, to
produce, sopportare, to bear,
partorire, to give birth
(Italian)
causor-ari, to
causer, to cause, générer, to
plead, pretend
3-162
generate, produire, to
nascor-i; natus and produce, supporter, to bear,
gnatus, to be born donner naissance, to give
birth (French)
N160, N254, N404,
N417, Q65, Q84,
Q95, Q107, Q320,
Q326, Q355, Q396,
Q416, Q813, R49,
R248, R542
to be born: see
NAS, NASC,
NASeR
cmol [B camel], j«ti [B j«ti],
birth (Tocharian)
has/hss, hasnu, to give
birth (HIttite)
,
x
x
x
Etruria-ae, district
in northwest Italy
of the Etruscans;
hence adj. and
subst.
Etruscus-a-um
x
Etruria-ae,
Tuscany?
Used in the
context of
ETR AMA,
"Etruria she
loves"
etr, Script Q521,
Script Q521
3-163
x
x
x
x
x
x
Euple,
possibly
Athamas, also
called Euippe,
the unluckiest
man on earth.
euple (E•PLE,
Script CY-1
3-164
nit«ntam, intensely,
exceedingly
besiyâr, µ‡Š¶· a lot,
abundant,
exceeding,
immensely
(Persian)
,
dzalian, very
much (Georgian)
ti¸¸an, very much,
teon=ae, much
(Hurrian)
x›¦œ › • ,
pára polý, very much
(Greek)
‘—• ¹ƒ, vieºmi, very
¼ ¨, shat, very much
much (Belarusian)
jako puno, very much (Armenian)
shumë, very much
(Croatian)
(Albanian)
bardzo, very much
(Polish)
»oti daudz, very much
(Latvian)
foarte mult, very
much (Romanian)
todella paljon, very
much (FinnishUralic)
evalesco-vescere
possibly valde,
intensely, very
much, in replies,
certainly, very
much so
an, very much (Irish)
gu mòr, very much (Scott)
yn fawr iawn, very much
(Welsh)
grow strong,
to prevail?
certainly, very
much so?
evalta (E 8ALTA),
or E 8ALTA, Script
M45; See •ALTA
3-165
molto, very much (Italian)
beaucoup, very much
(French)
dannišamma,
very much,
danniš, very,
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
severely, greatly,
adanniš, very,
greatly (Akkadian)
2/1/2019 8:23 PM
Notes to Indo-European table Part 3:
# Words from: https://thevore.com/hittite/ (1/30.19)
1) The word locations highlighted in blue involve an ephitet, with the word "I," ego (EKV). In the expression the
ego is being acted upon.
2) It may be that the mother tongue of the Etruscans, French and Italians and possibly their neighboring
"Latin" tongues is older than Latin. This word, along with others found in Table 1, may be an illustration of that
fact. If Latin [in]cubare is equal to Italian covare and French couver, then the Etruscan word may be reminding
us that in adapting the same word, the Latins added a prefix, "in" to the old "Etruscan" word. As with other
words in this table, the French and the Italians maintained their identity. The word must be a very old IndoEuropean word, since its meaning includes to cover embers. Covering the embers, to brood them as it were,
would appear to be a more important, early task realized by man than the knowledge of the importance of a
bird brooding its eggs.
3) The character k is
, a rarely used character in the scripts. The character is used again in a Villanovan fibula,
Script VF, in the concluding word on the fibula, maximas, (Lat. maximus, great). The "f" in chiave, VF-3, is used
again at VF-4, LAFES (Lat. laus, laudis).
4) En appears to be the first word in a script written on the left hand side of a bronze haruspex (augur), Script HA
of the Translation_Short_Scripts.html. The bronze is in the Vatican museum. "Behold!" would appear to be the
appropriate context for the word.
5) Hittite language resource for second entry is http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/lrc/eieol/hitol-EI-X.html.
6) Thanks to Constantin Cucu for his contribution on the Romanian words listed in Table 1 (We have added to his
list of words using the google translator).
Please beam me back to Indo-European_Table 1
Please beam me back to Etruscan_Phrases
E-mail
Launched 12.14.03
Updated: 12.22.03, 12.29.03; 1.01.04; 1.03.04; 1.04.04; 1.18.04; 2.07.04; 2.29.04; 3.04.04; 3.06.04; 3.07.04;
3.11.04; 3.15.04; 3.21.04; 3.23.04, 3.30.04; 4.03.04; 4.05.04; 4.07.04; 4.08.04; 4.09.04, 4.15.04; 4.26.04; 5.04.04;
5.17.04; 5.18.04; 5.22.04; 6.18.04; 6.19.04; 6.24.04; 7.03.04; 7.05.04; 7.12.04; 9.18.04; 9.20.04; 5.14.05; 6.05.05;
5.11.06; 5.26.06' 5.28.06; 7.14.06; 7.15.06; 9.21.11; 9.24.11; 9.26.11; 10.05.11, 11.27.19, 11.28.17, 11.29.17,
11.30.17; 12.01.17; 12.04.17; 12.05.17; 12.06.17; 12.07.17; 12.08.17; 12.11.17;12.13.17, 01.01.18, 01.03.18;
1.04.18, 1.05.18, 1.06.18; 1.08.18, 8.24.18, 12.18.18, 12.21.18, 1.14.19, 1.28.19, 2.01.19; 8.21.19
Copyright © 1981-2019 Maravot. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 1981-2019 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.
Indo-European Table with Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.2.html
08.20.19 Etruscan Phrases – Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE)
P
Etruscan_Phrases
Indo-European Table 1, Part 4
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
This table has Indo-European, Hurrian, Georgian (Kartlevian), Latvian (Baltic)
Finnish (Uralic) and Akkadian selections. We have colored words that may be
related among the various languages/families. The coloring provides an unusual
view of the mix of the cited languages.
Table 1 Index
(Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table 1)
Table 1, section 1A.2: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.
Sanskrit
carati, to
conduct
oneself, karoti,
to be in action,
amati,
appearance,
shape;
nAmarUpa,
name and form;
tan, tanoti,
tanute, extend,
stretch,
spread, [pra],
cause, produce,
show, betray
[vi] spread over,
sacrifice,
produce, effect,
make, render
1 of 41
Avestan, Persian,
Georgian, Hurrian,
Akkadian
kar (Avestan)
sâxtan, dorost
kardan, âmâde
kardan, to make;
kardan, anjâm
dâdan, to do; dis,
peykar, barge, form
(Persian)
,
gak’eteba, to make,
, k’eteba, to
do (Georgian)
na -, to sit down,
to set, to place, t n-,
tan- (Hurrian)
ep šu, to do or act,
be active, proceed,
to permit (said of
gods), is, happens,
to treat person or
thing, build,
construct,
manufacture, to
practice witchcraft,
perform a
divination, a ritual,
to plant, to cultivate,
Slavic, Baltic,
Romanian,
Finnish-Uralic
, rabi , to
make (Belarusian)
forma, formowac,
shape (Polish)
kstalt shape,
form (Belarus)
vidas, shape, form;
seget, to do (Baltic
Sedovian)
tais t, to make, dar t,
to do (Latvian)
a face, to make, do,
FAC, I make, do;
FAC , he/she makes,
does; FACI, you
make, do;
FACUI, you made,
did; F C TOR,
maker (Romanian)
tehdä, to make
(Finnish-Uralic)
Greek, Armenian,
Albanian, Basque
, na káno, to make,
do (Greek)
, anel, to make, do
(Armenian)
për të bërë, to make, do,
te krijosh, to create, të
prodhosh, to produce;
(Albanian)
Latin
facio, facere,
feci,
factum,
faciebam, 1st
pers. imper.;
Ital. facevo)
Other*
Déan, to make (Irish)
Gus a dhèanamh, to
make (Scott)
i wneud, (gwneuthur) to
do, make, manufacture,
render; ffurfio, to form,
construct; llunio, to
form, shape, fashion,
model, mold, frame,
construct, fabricate
(Welsh)
ober [ran, rez, ra,
reomp, rit, reont, reer]
(Breton)
fare, facevo (Italian)
faire (French)
i (to do, Lydian)
aia, ai; taks, to make,
iya-> do, make anniya-, to
do work (Hittite)
English
to make
[<OE
macian],
form,
[<Lat.
forma], do
[<OE don],
sacrifice,
help;
create,
produce,
arrange, fit
4-1
Etruscan
fac, Script Z21, Z35,
Z412, Z439, Z551,
Z614, Z629, Z727,
Z779, Z834, Z842,
Z1146, Z1337, Z1352,
Z1386, Z1674, AN48
faca, Script Au90
facbo (FAC8V) Script
CP-51
fai, Script Au71
fak, Script Z272;
FAKeR, Script
Z656, K-6
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kikki û, ritual act,
ipšu, act, deed, evil
machination,
witchcraft, work,
etc., epištu, act,
ritual, manufacture,
evil magic, crew,
construction, etc.,
(Akkadian)
sukara , facile
at, atati, -te, to
walk about,
wander, run;
bhram,
bhramati, to
wander, stroll,
go through, err,
perambulate
sava , wine,
malam, dregs
,
advilia, easy to do
(Georgian)
sargardân budan,
âvâre budan,
gastan, to wander;
qalat, error (Persian)
, ikheven, to
wander (Georgian)
dâlu, to wander
aimlessly,
to prowl, wander
about in despair,
move unnaturally,
move with
indifference,
mušamšû, adj.,
wandering at night,
wakeful (Akkadian)
,
liohka zrabi , easy to
do (Belarusian)
jednostavno za
napraviti, easy to do
(Croatian)
viegli izdar ms,
(viegli, easy) easy to
do (Latvian)
FACIL, usor de facut,
easy to do,
(Romanian)
†‡ ˆ ‰ Š‹ Œ•Š,
heta Prahuliajciesia,
to wander
(Belarusian)
lutati, to wander
(Croatian)
klaiŽot, to wander
(Latvian)
s• r•t•ceasc•, to
wander (Romanian)
vaeltaa, to wander
(Finnish-Uralic)
œ •œ•ž Ÿ ,
dro¡d¡y vina, lees of
wine,
šarâb,
wine (Belarusian)
dard, ™›™ lees, dregs, talog vina, lees of
ache, dread, pain,
wine (Croatian)
sickness (Persian)
v na nogul m, lees of
wine (Latvian)
,
drojdiilor de vin, lees
ghvinis, wine,
of wine (Romanian)
viinisakan viinin, lees
,
of wine (Finnishtskhimovani
Uralic)
narchenebi, dregs
(Georgian)
ۥ,
facilis-e
éfkolo na to káneis, easy to
do (Greek)
‚ ƒ„ …
, hesht e anel,
easy to do (Armenian)
lehtë për të bërë, easy to
do (Albanian)
• ‘€• “” • ,
na periplanithoúme to
wander (Greek)
– — ˜ ,
t’ap’arrel, to wander
(Armenian)
për të endur, to wander,
bredh, eci i shkujdesur,
shëtit, shëtis, dal nga
rruga, to wander
(Albanian)
ibiltzea, to wander
(Basque)
vagor-ari, to
wander;
vagio-ire, to
whimper
facio, facere,
feci,
factum, to
make, form,
do, perform,
cause, appoint,
change
¢ £• •ó ¢ ,
faex, faecis,
oínous apó oíno, lees of
vinum-i, wine
wine (Greek)
¤¥ ¥ ¤¥ ¥, gini gini, (gini,
wine) lees of wine
(Armenian)
lees e verës, lees of wine,
vin, wine (Albanian)
ardo, wine, ardoaren
hondakina, residue of wine
(Basque)
éasca le déanamh, easy
to do (Irish)
furasta a dhèanamh,
easy to do (Scott)
hawdd i'w wneud, easy
to do (Welsh)
facile da fare, easy to do
(Italian)
facile à faire, easy todo
(French)
chun wander, to wander
(Irish)
gus a dhol fodha, to
wander (Scott)
crwydro, to wander,
(Welsh)
vagare, to wander, fare,
|to make, do, perform
(Italian)
errer, s'agarer, rôder,
divaguer, to wander,
faire, to make, do,
perform (French)
dríodair, dregs, le fíon,
lees of wine (Irish)
sìth fìon, lees of wine
(Scott)
llysiau gwin, lees of
wine (Welsh)
fecce di vino, lees of
wine (Italian)
lies de vin, lees of wine
(French)
GE¦TIN, wine (Hittite)
easy to
manage, easy
to do,
convienient,
favorable
facil
4-2
to wander
[<OE
wandrian],
ramble, rove?
whimper? to
make, form,
do?
fak, Script Z272
FAKeR, Script
Z656, K6; see vac;
(probably the verb
facio, facere)
4-3
dregs, lees of
wine?
fais, Script AC-6
4-4
mindu ru, dregs,
residue, šukkultu,
dregs, scrapings,
šuršummu, dregs,
sediment of beer or
wine (Akkadian)
fariftan, fireftan,
§¨©ª«¬ to deceive,
fool, mislead,
swindle, gomrâh
kardan, to
deceive; estebâh,
prat rayati, to
deceive, vyAjay, ârang, mistake
(Persian)
-yati to cheat,
,
deceive; chalay,
mot’q’ueba, to
-yati, pp.
deceive,
,
{chalita}
shetsdoma, mistake
deceive, cheat;
(Georgian)
enas, sin,
crime, fault;
el n ti, deceitful
vaigunya
adj., bad quality, words, mudi u,
deceiver,
fault, defect.
mušadbibu,
misleader, one who
misleads, instigator,
2 of 41
- Ϩ ٠,
padmanva , to
deceive (Belarusian)
oszukiwac, to
deceive; blad, brak,
defekt, wada, wina,
fault; blad, mistook,
mistake
(Polish)
zavarati, to deceive
(Croatian)
maldin t, to deceive
(Latvian)
a amagi, to deceive,
FALI, to show off, be
proud; F LE¯TI, you
show off, are proud;
FALE, pride
(Romanian)
pettää, to deceive
° • ±² £ , na
exapatísoun, apato, to
deceive (Greek)
³ ´ , khabel, to deceive
(Armenian)
te mashtrosh, to decieve,
gënjej, gaboj, deceive,
moskuptim, lajthitje,
mistake (Albanian)
fallo, fallere,
fefelli,
falsum; to
decieve, lead
astray
meabhlaireachta, to
deceive (Irish)
a mhealladh, to deceive
(Scott)
i dwyllo, to deceive
(Welsh)
hocedu, to cheat,
deceive, defraud,
delude; camgymrd, to
mistake, err; siomi, to
dissapoint, dismay,
deceive, falsify, foil;
camsynied, to mistake;
methu, to fail, miss,
falter, mistake (Welsh)
fallare, to err, make a
mistake (Italian)
falloir, to be necessary;
faute, fault;
oargueilleux, fier,
to deceive
[<Lat.
decipio
-cipere cepi
-ceptum],
lead astray,
cause to be
mistaken
[<ON
mistaka],
disappoint,
fail in, be
concealed
fal, Script Au95
fale, Script Z614,
Z629
falia, Script CP-33
(possibly Kalia or
Ralia, a person's name re "ia" suffix.
4-5
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Indo-European Table with Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
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who induces
somebody to make a
claim, person who
(Finnish-Uralic)
initiates a legal
procedure, wan ’u,
to deceive, cheat
(Akkadian)
arrogant, proud
(French)
âvâzé, ¶·¸¹º fame,
honor, renown,
celebrity,»¼½ lotf,
favor, (Persian)
,
dideba, fame,
,
sasargeblod, favor
(Georgian)
yaµas, fame,
renown glory
dal lu, fame, praise,
glory, damiqtu,
fame, favor, good
will, luck,
recommendation,
goodness, good
relations, good
news, good luck,
mu’û, praise, to
adore, btu, do a
favor, do a good
deed, dumqu,
fortune, good
fortune, favor
(divine) grace, good
luck, well-being,
prosperity, fortune,
profit, show a favor,
recommendation,
gratitude, beauty,
choice thing,
treasure, darling,
dumqutu, to do a
favor, gimillu, kind
act, complaisance,
mercy, to return an
act of kindness, to
wreak vengeance,
en nu, favor, to do
a favor, to grant a
privilege, šumu,
fame, name,
reputation, (pron.,
conj.), any, because
of, offspring, line,
item entry, zak r
šumi, fame,
invocation of a deity
(Akkadian)
ýasna- worship,
dev laya ,
sacred building, sacrifice; prayer
(Avestan)
puÂgha, holy
gyjgah,
temple (Persian)
(
,
ts’mida adgili, holy
place (
,
(ts’minda, holy)
(Georgian)
amru, sacred
precinct, eššu,
temple, gigunû,
sacred, terraced
building, i ru,
temple complex,
agarunnu,
agrunnu, part of a
temple complex,
ajakku, temple
structure ki ru,
sacred place, earth,
ajakku, temple
3 of 41
ŸŠœ ® • ,
viadomas , fame,
•- žŠ , spryja ,
favor (Belarusian)
slava, fame, milost,
favor (Croatian)
søawa, fame,
przysøuga, favor
(Polish)
slava, fame, labu,
favor (Latvian)
FAIMA, fame,
favoare, favor
(Romanian)
kuuluisuus, fame,
suosia, favor
(Finnish-Uralic)
•ŸŠ‡ Œ ®Œ• ,
sviatoje miesca, holy
place, Ã ®, chram,
temple (Belarusian)
sveto mjesto, (sveto,
holy) holy place,
hram, temple
(Croatian)
µwiÄte miejsce, holy
place (Polish)
svÅta vieta, holy
place, (svÅts, holy)
templis, temple
(Latvian)
loc sfânt, holy place,
templu, temple
(Romanian)
pyhä paikka, holy
place, temppeli,
temple (FinnishUralic)
¾±•“, fími, fame,
€ ,
évnoia, favor (Greek)
‚ ¿´ À, hambav, fame,
Á¤„¥ , ogtin, favor
(Armenian)
famë, fame, favor, nder,
favor (Albanian)
fama-ae, talk,
fame,
favor-oris
favor, support
ospe, fame, mesede,
laguntasun, favor (Basque)
Laochra, fame,
bhfabhar, favor (Irish)
cliù, fame, buannachd,
favor (Scott)
enwogrwydd, fame, o
blaid, favor (Welsh)
fama, fame; fame,
hunger, favore, favor
(Italian)
fameux, adj. famous,
faim, f. hunger, faveur,
favor (French)
the talk, fame
[<Lat. fama],
favor [<Lat.
fama, Script S-22
favor]
4-6
artal, praising
(Tocharian)
srlamis, glory (Luvian)
Æ€ • ó• •, ágios tópos,
holy place, ó•, naós,
temple (Greek)
„ Ç È, tachar, temple,
ÉÊËÈ´ „ Ì, surb tegh,
holy place (Armenian)
vend i shenjtë, (i shenjtë,
holy) holy place, tempull,
temple (Albanian)
fanum-i,
sanctus, holy
sacris, sacred
áit naofa, holy place,
(naofa, holy) teampall,
temple (Irish)
àite naomh, holy place,
(naomh, holy) teampall,
temple (Scott)
i sanctaidd, holy place,
deml, temple (Welsh)
luogo sacro, holy place,
templo, temple (Italian)
lieu saint, holy place,
temple, temple (French)
holy place,
temple,
[<Lat.
tempus],
grounds
4-7
fan, Script XA-5, XF-5
fana, Script XA-9
fani, Script CB-3, PB-3
See also:
SAKRA, N311, N378,
SAKRE, Q303, Q311,
Q375, Q416, Q481,
R258, R270, R405,
SAKREO (SAKREV),
R46,
SAKREU (SAKRE8) ,
N598
parkunu-> clean, purify,
nahh-> fear, revere,
wattani(ya)-, sacred
holding, watti-, divine
mountain (Hittite)
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structure, ešgallu,
great temple, (large
temple), a name of
the nether world,
ebbu, holy, pure,
ellu, sacred, clean,
ebbu, lustrous,
shining, trustworthy,
proper, pure
(religiously),
polished, clean,
(Akkadian)
yava , barley,
dh nyam, corn,
millet,
godhÍma ,
wheat (plant
and grain)
cÍrÂaÎ, piÏÐam,
flour for all
grains except
wheat, v jam,
seed, sasya;
asti, grain of
seed; varata, a
kind of grain;
mana, a certain
measure of
grain; zarava, a
flat earthenware
dish; also a
measure for
grain; asti, grain
of seed
pÍrayati, to fill,
fill up
xshudrå [xshudra]
semen, seed, vaêjahi
[vaêjangh] seed,
germ, taoxma
[taoxman], grain
(Avestan)
dâne, ÑÒ¸™ grain, seed,
spore, jerm, Ó«Ô
germ, jow, cine,
grain; xorâk, sur,
bazm, meal, toxm,
spore, sperm, seed,
barze, seed; hâg,
spore (Persian)
,
Œ Œ, ziernie, grain,
martsvleulis, grain,
‰-ž, krupy, cereal,
, pkvili,
®‰Õ ‹, muÖnoj,
flour,
, k’veba, flour (Belarusian)
zierna, grain (Belarus)
meal (Georgian)
ašnan, grain, cereal
(generic term),
šeguššu, a cereal, a
kind of apple tree,
usaggû, an early
grass, šegunû, crop,
arsuppu, a cereal, a
kind of apple,
kulil tu, a cereal, an
insect, dul q te, a
type of groats
(hulled grain,
typically oats),
eburu, seed-grain,
abšu, apšu, grass
seed, vetch seed,
lillânu, grain at its
highest growth,
tubukkû,
heaped-up grain,
er šu, to seed with
a seeder plow,
cultivate, plant a
field, etc., dadû,
flour offering,
irgalû, qualifying
flour, še’u, grain,
grain (a unit of
measure), barley,
pine nut, šipku, a
general term for
cereals and vetches,
tuÐumesi, a grain,
ubu uru, hot
porridge made from
cereals, u atu,
edible grain (wheat
or barley), a kernel,
grain (a unit of
measure), a mole or
pimple (Akkadian)
xshnaoma [-],
satisfaction, coy
(Avestan)
por kardan, Ü™«Ý «Þ
to fill (Persian)
,
sheavsot, to fill
(Georgian)
kapp-, to fill a
¡itarica, grain, cereal,
cerealija, cereal
(Croatian)
zrno, grain; sejati,
seed (Serbo-Croatian)
wlonkno, zboze,
ziarno, grain (Polish)
klennan, grainery;
maizis, barley;
ari, javas, cereal
(Baltic-Sudovian)
grauds, grain, milti,
flour, malt te, meal,
javai, cereals
(Latvian)
cereale, grain,
F IN , flour, mas•,
meal, F RIN , grain,
meal (Romanian)
jyvä, grain, vilja,
cereal, jauhot, flour,
ateria, meal (FinnishUralic)
- ß Š , zapaãnia
to fill (Belarusian)
ispuniti, to fill
(Croatian)
wypeøni , to fill
(Polish)
aizpild t, to fill
(Latvian)
pentru ao umple, to
fill (Romanian)
²€ “‘ , sitirá, grain,
²•ó‘€ , spóriospório,
seed, spore, ד•“ ‘€ ó,
dimitriakó, cereal,
‘€,
alévri, flour (Greek)
‚ Ø ‚ „¥ÙÚ,
hats’ahatiky, grain, ÛÊËÈ,
alyur, flour,
E-spore, grain
(Armenian)
kokërr, korrizë, drithë,
grain, miell, flour, meal,
farë, fillim, seed; grain;
misri, corn (Albanian)
pikor, grain, ale, issue,
grain, corn, brašno, flour,
farina, ¡itarica, cereal,
grain, cerealija, cereal,
¡ito, grain, wheat, cereal
(Basque)
Æ •¢² €, na gemísei, to
fill (Greek)
È Ø , lrats’nel, to fill
(Armenian)
për të mbushur, to fill
(Albanian)
far, farris,
grain, meal,
Ceres-eris, the
Roman
goddess of
agriculture;
transf., bread,
grain
granum-i,
grain, seed,
seges-itis,
cornfield, crop
farcio, farcire,
farsi, fartum
gráin, grain, plúr, flour
(Irish)
gràn, grain, flùr, flour,
càilean, a husk of grain;
meil, grind, pulverise;
spilgean (Scott)
gronyn (grawn-nau)
grain, atom, granule,
grape; blawd (blodiau,
blodion) flour, meal;
can, flour; paill, flour,
pollen (Welsh)
cereale, cereal, grano,
grain, chicco, grain;
farina, flour (Italian)
céréale, cereal, grain,
farine, flour (French)
grain [<Lat.
granum],
meal
[<OE mael],
spore [<Gk.
spora]; C],
flour [<ME
floury, adj.],
maize, corn
[<Taino,
maíz, maize, corn
Carribean
(Spanish)
inhabitants
táno, grain (Tocharian) (Cuba,
Dominican
warwalan, seed,
Republic, etc.
war(u)walan, seed,
mahiz], malt,
progeny, muwita?,
soaked, dried
seed, halki-, grain,
barley, hlk, barley grain, grain, usually
barley;<OE
barley-god, sumes,
sepit, a kind of grain,
mealt]
imiul, grain mix, horse
feed, euan, grain,
4-8
pak(us)want, cracked
grain, seli, grain pile,
grain storage (Hittite),
a líonad, to fill (Irish)
a lìonadh, to fill (Scott)
i'w llenwi, to fill
(Welsh)
riempire, to fill (Italian)
remplir, to fill (French)
to fill
4-9
far, Scripts Z180, Z197,
Z357, Z1027, Z1040,
Z1097, Z1430, TC327,
Au44
See also: 8-60
segeta, Script R499;
segetes Script Q701
farsi, Script CP-31
farsit, Script S-18
suna, suwa, suaru, full
(Palaic)
sunnae/sunnanzi,
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sunna/sunn, suue/a,
sunniie/a, so,
suna/sun, soa, sue/a, to
fill, sumreske/a
(somreske/a?), filled,
to become filled
because of pregnancy,
sunumesr, filling?,
suus, so, so/soau, full,
soaru, full, complete,
anku/nku, fully,
ispai/ispi, full, to get
full, to be filled, be
satiated, sunatsiant,
full to the brim,
brimful (Hittite)
vessel (Hurrian)
mullû, filling,
nap ltu,
satisfaction, answer
(Akkadian)
täyttää se, to fill
(Finnish-Uralic)
sarnevešt,
chance, fate,
fortune, karma,
luck, des ny,
qismat, çîïæ
destiny, doom,
fatality, fate,
fortune, kismet
(Persian)
, bedi, fate
(Georgian)
diÏÐam,
appointed lot,
daivam,
lumnu, evil fate,
misfortune, ill
portent, catastrophe,
harm, misdeed, evil,
a name of Mars,
lemnu, fateful,
hard, unhappy,
dangerous, unlucky,
daivatas, adv. by
ill-boding,
fate or chance;
magically evil and
daivaparayana
dangerous, wicked,
adj., putting fate evil, bad, morally
above all,
bad, bad (in taste
fatalist; daivya, and smell), bitter,
evil, damqu, good
divine power,
fortune, good luck,
fate, destiny
kindness, favor
(divine) grace,
fame, dam qu,
have good fortune,
propitious, to
prosper, to improve,
have good luck,
etc., *usqu, fortune,
fate, destiny
(Akkadian)
bordan, Ü™«ò to carry,
bring, conduct, take,
farvand, sail,
rândan,
to
navigate, pilot,
helm, ride, kastirâni
kardan, to sail,
savâri, ride;
savâr sodan, to
ride (Persian)
, aprebis,
to sail,
,
n vaÎ muñcati, navigatsia, to
to set sail, nau , navigate (Georgian)
a ship, potena,
to sail, vAhana, mat u, to carry,
to transport (timber,
adj., carrying,
bricks, etc.), to pick
bringing, beast
up, to lift, to put on
of burden,
a garment, to stand
vehicle, wagon,
high (said of the
ship, oar or sail; moon), to remove,
plu, plavate, pp. to be lifted, to rise
pluta, to float,
high (said of
bathe, sail,
celestial bodies),
5 of 41
•, lios, fate
(Belarusian)
sudbina, fate
(Croatian)
los, fate (Polish)
liktenis, fate (Latvian)
soart•, fate, FA¯
/Fð¯IE, strip, band,
bandage (Romanian)
kohtalo, fate (FinnishUralic)
• ¢‘ , moira, fate,
pepromeno,
fate, destiny (Greek)
Ç Ù „ ¤¥È,
chakatagir, fate
(Armenian)
fat, fate, e ardhme, orë
[fig], risk, vdekje, fate
(Albanian)
patu, fate, destiny, fortuna,
fortune, aberastasun,
wealth, fortune (Basque)
fas, fasces,
lictor's axe
fateor, fateri;
fatum-i, an
utterance,
revelation
cinniúint, fate (Irish)
cinnidh, fate (Scott)
dynged, tynged
(tynghedau) fateful,
destiny fate, doom, lot,
ffortiwn, ffawd
(ffodion), fortune, fate,
luck; tynged
(tynghedau) destiny
fate, doom, lot (Welsh)
fato, sorte , fate; fascia,
banda, band (Italian)
destin, sort, fate;
bandeau, band, bandage
(French)
divine
command or
law, fate
[<Lat.
fatum],
destiny [<
Lat.
destino-are];
risk (<Ital.
risco]
fas, Script TC190,
AC-2, XP-1
fasia, Script CJ-1
(see also 8ASIE, Z72,
vase[s])
fata, Script CJ-4
4-10
ariie/a, divine, oracle,
to consult an oracle,
tbaria, order, ruling
(Hittite)
- ž , ply , œ Š
Ÿ
ž , dlia
navihacyi, to navigate
(Belarusian)
ploviti, za kretanje, to
navigate, (Croatian)
plynac, zagiel,
zeglowac, sail
(Polish)
bur t, to sail, lai
p rvietotos, to
navigate (Latvian)
a naviga, to sail,
navigate (Romanian)
purjehtia, to sail,
navigoida, to navigate
(Finnish-Uralic)
• ² €pleo, na pléfsei,
to sail, plous, pani
ploiou, sail; • “Æ“” ¢,
na ploigitheí, to navigate
(Greek)
À ÈÙ ÊË ‚ ¿ È,
navarkelu hamar, to sail,
navigate (Armenian)
lundron me vela, për të
lundruar, to navigate,
lëvizem, ngadalë, drejtoj
anijen, shket, to
sail; vel, velë, sail
(Albanian)
veho, vehere,
vexi, vectum;
ve, perhaps
navigare, to
navigate
seol, to sail,
nascleanúint, navigate
(Irish)
seõladh, to sail, gus
siubhal, to navigate
(Scott)
i hwylio, to sail,
navigate, prepare, order,
embark; mordwyo, to go
by sea, voyage, sail,
navigate; morio, to
voyage, sail, cruise,
navigate (Welsh)
far vela, veleggiare, to
sail (Italian)
faire voile, voguer, to
sail (French)
to carry,
convey,
sail, [<OE
segl]
ride, drive,
scud (sail
swiftly down
wind),
navigate
FE, Script Z5, Z929,
Au64, AL-3, AC14?
Fe, Script BT-4?, BT-5,
BT-6
4-11
pittae, to carry, bring,
peda/ped, to carry,
take, to take
somewhere, to
transport; to spend
(time), pipeda, to carry
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Indo-European Table with Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
6 of 41
vibrate, hover,
soar, fly, blow
(wind)
tejasvin,
vigorous,
vihAyas, adj.,
powerful,
vigorous;
tvakSIyaMs,
very vigorous;
pAjasvant
adj., shining or
vigorous;
tantumant, adj.,
forming a
thread,
uninterrupted,
lasting
praharati, to
strike, hit,
potha, blow,
strike with; han,
hanti, hate,
jighnate, -ti, to
smite, beat,
strike down,
hew
off, hit pierce
hurt; kal,
kalayati (-te) &
kAlayati, to
carry, bear, do,
make, cause,
produce, utter,
observe, notice,
try,examine,
suppose,
think, regard,
shake, agitate,
cast, fling,
seize, tie, fasten;
ayasmaya, made
of iron;
ayomaya, iron
x
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out, ptiali/ptali, to
carry off quickly,
run off with, to whisk
away, elope with a
woman (Hittite)
bilu , bearer,
carrier (Akkadian)
zürmand, ö÷û›¹·
adj., vigorous
nirumand, adj.
vigourous
paya, durable,
enduring
everlasting,
long-lasting,
long-lived, sâbet,
çòþÿ changeless,
constant, lasting,
permanent (Persian)
,
energiuli, vigorous
(Georgian)
kuzbu, vigor, ,
luxuriance, charm,
attractiveness,
abundance, lab ru,
to live long, to live
to an old age, to
last, to last a long
time, to make last a
long time, to last
long, endure, to
prolong, to endure,
to prolong, to keep
going, (Akkadian)
âhan, §#º iron,
otu, $%¸ flatiron otu
kasidan, to make
iron; ziba,
bâzâr,
nemâyesgâhe
kâlâ, fair
(Persian)
,
gapitsvistvis, to
strike (Georgian)
kar tu, to strike,
break off
(Akkadian)
œ ž, badziory,
vigorous (Belarusian)
sna¡an, vigorous
(Croatian)
trwaly, lasting
enrgiczny, pelen
wigoru, vigorous
(Polish)
viguros, vigorous
(Romanian)
voimakas, vigorous
(Finnish-Uralic)
²” ‘ó•, sthenarós,
vigorous; diarkis,
lasting (Greek)
ÊË! Ì, uzhegh, vigorous
(Armenian)
i fortë, i fuqishëm,
energjik, i vrullshëm,
vigorous, adj.
(Albanian)
vivax-acis
bríomhar, vigorous
(Irish)
èibhinn, vigorous
(Scots-Gaelic)
brwysg, adj. drunk,
vigorous; gwisgi, heini,
adj. brisk, lively, agile,
ripe; nwyfus, spirited,
lively (Welsh)
vigoroso, vigorous
(Italian)
vigoureux, vigorous
(French)
long lived,
enduring,
lasting,
brisk, lively,
with energy
[<Gk.
energeia,
vigour],
vigorous
[<Lat.
vigor-oris,
force,
energy],
nervy [<OE,
nervy]
feifes, Script Z1423
4-12
‰œ ž , udary , to
strike (Belarusian)
pogoditi, to strike
(Croatian)
bic, strajk, struck,
uderzac, to strike,
(Polish)
streikot, to strike
(Latvian)
s• loveasc•, to strike
(Romanian)
iskeä, to strike
(Finnish-Uralic)
• ‘Ʊ² , na apergíso,
to strike, ²¢× ‘ , sídero,
iron, fero, to bear, (Greek)
¤ÊÈ+ =ÊË ¥ ‚ ¿ È,
gortsaduli hamar, to strike,
ÈÙ –, yerkat’, iron
(Armenian)
për të sulmuar, to strike,
hekur, iron
(Albanian)
ferio-ire, to
strike, knock,
hit, esp. to
strike dead,
slay, kill; fero,
ferre, with perf.
tuli, supine
latum, to bear,
bring, carry;
ferreus-a-um,
made of iron or
like iron, hard,
unfeeling,
cruel; ferrum i,
iron
Fiora river,
near Canino
chun stailc, to strike,
iarann, iron (Irish)
airson stailc, to strike,
iarann, iron (Scott)
i daro, to strike, haearn,
iron (Welsh)
colpire, to strike,
ferro,iron, fiera, a wild
beast; fair, trade,
exhibition; ferriera,
ironworks, iron mine;
Fiora river; town, Fiora
(Italian)
ferrer, to fit with iron,
foire, fair, spree; féru,
adj. smitten, fer, iron
(French)
to strike
[<OE
strican]?
place,
Fiora river?
also
mentioned in
the same
section of
this script
appears to be
the
neighboring
town of
Canin
(Canino);
iron; beast
[<Lat bestia];
iron [<OE
isern]; fair
[<Lat. feriae,
holidays]
feira, Script Z1177,
Z1292
Note: This word, feira,
no doubt refers to the
Fiora River. See feira
below.
4-13
x
x
x
x
Fiora River,
near Canino
Fiora River,
also
mentioned in
the same
section of
this script
appears to be
the
neighboring
town of
Canin
(Canino);
4-14
feira, Script Z1177,
Z1292
Contex: Z1177: HEKS
SVLvS CFE TV
CARNIS Se CANIN
FEIRA ITE.
"the six (L. sexus-us,
m. ; Gr. hex, m.) alone
(L. solus-a-um) he/she
is able (L. cueo, cu@re,
Ind. Pres. 3rd Pers.
Single cuet) the flesh
(L. caro, carnis) herself
(L. se, sese) to Canin
(town of Canino) of the
Fiora river she may,
would go (L. ito- itare,
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Indo-European Table with Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
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Conj. 3rd Pers. Single,
itet)"
From the context this
word relates to the
Fiora River and nearby
Canino.
jAR, mighty,
ukhra-, strong,
powerful, firm,
steady (Avestan)
bozorg, Y›\ò great,
grand, szavar, ¸¹¸\^
worthy, 'âli, `½þ~
great, honorable,
vâlâ, •¸¹ august,
brave, beautiful,
grand, great,
imperial, etc., meh,
adj. great, deliri,
delâvari, arvandi,
valor (Persian)
yogya, worthy,
mahat, grand,
great, bRhanta
adj., great;
vimahant
adj., very great.
“irobh”•a—am,
veil, headdress,
avagu—˜hayati,
with the body
covered and
head, vasman,
cover; put,
putati, to fold or
cover; atka,
garment, veil;
lightning.
tirarkarin,
{rini}, veil,
curtain;
avagunthana,
veiling, a veil.
7 of 41
,
, vialiki,
hodny, great, worthy,
, doblies ,
valor (Belarusian)
,
velik, dostojan, great,
, didi,
worthy, hrabrost,
ghirseuli, great,
valor (Croatian)
worthy (Georgian)
duzy, wielki,
wspanialy, great
šav(i)- -ži,
(Polish)
tal v(i)-o-ži,
Tal F(i)-o-Ši, great, lielisks, cien gs, great,
worthy, valor?, valor
tal(m)- > talavi,
(Latvian)
talami, big, to
mare, vrednic, great,
become big, te -,
worthy, FALNIC,
big, to grow big,
great, worthy, vitejie,
tea, big, numerous
valor (Romanian)
(Hurrian)
hyvä, kelvollinen,
dannu, great, grave, great, worthy, urheus,
fortified, fierce,
valor (Finnishbinding, heavy,
Uralic))
hard, solid, strong,
thick, massive,
steady, loud,
legitimate, reliable,
powerful, mighty,
savage, difficult,
dangerous, serious,
obstinate, bad,
tyrannical, harsh,
urgent, essential,
imperative,
pressing, adanniš,
danniš, greatly,
very, narbûtu,
greatness, great
power(s)
(Akkadian)
pušidan, ™›œ•Ÿ to
cover, clothe, wear,
penhân kardan,
nahoftan, conceal;
parde, ruband, hejâb,
¡¢£¤ veil, curtain,
neq b, ¡¢¥¦ veil,
câdor, §¨¢© veil,
cover, tent, canvas
(Persian)
ª
, to
sapari, to cover
(Georgian)
kutummu, veil,
mat, cover,
*kutumtu, covered
basket, kuttumu,
covered, veiled,
katmu, covered,
secret, kat mu, to
veil, to cover, close,
ª «¬
¬, to
zaslona, to veil,
-¬ ®
, dlia
pakryccia, to cover
(Belarusian)
veo, to veil, pokriti, to
cover (Croatian)
celowac, koperta,
pokryc, pokrycie,
cover; ukrywac,
zataic, conceal ;
maskowanie,
disguise (Polish)
tad pl vurs, to veil,
piesegt, to cover
(Latvian)
v¯ veil, to veil, a
acoperi, to cover
(Romanian)
, x , megáli,
á ia, great, worthy,
€ • , andreía, valor,
megalos, tranos, spydaios,
great (Greek)
‚ƒ„‚…‚†‚‡ˆ‰‹Œ•‰‹…imadh,
arzhanapatvut’yun, valor,
Ž••, ‚ƒ„‚…‘, mets,
arzhani great, worthy
(Armenian)
i madh, i denjë, great,
worthy, trimëri, vlerë,
valor, i famshëm, kryesor,
fisnik, i
shkëlqyer, great,
(Albanian)
° ±²± , to péplo, to veil,
apokrypto, to conceal;
peplo, ³² , vélo, veil,
´ µ¶·, na kalýpso, to
cover (Greek)
ˆ‚ƒ‚¸‰‹•ƒ¹, varaguyry,
veil, ‘º»‚†•º •‚•»‰¼,
iskapes tsatskots’, to veil,
•‚•»•½, tsatskel, to cover
(Armenian)
ª vello, to veil, i hedh
vellon, mbuloj me vel,
fsheh, makskoj, to veil;
vel, velo, veil, për të
mbuluar, to cover
(Albanian)
estali, cover, belo, to veil
(Basque)
valo-are, to be
strong,
vigorous, in
good health,
well; to have
force, avail,
prevail, be
able, to be
worth
magnus-a-um,
great,
ma imus-a-um,
great,
ma imum
velo-are
mór, fiú, great, worthy
(Irish)
sàr-mhath, great, worthy
(Scott)
yn wych, deilwng, great,
worthy, mawr-ion, adj.
large, big, great, high
(Welsh)
grande, degno, great,
worthy, valere, to be
worth (Italian)
valoir, to be strong,
digne, worthy (French)
wali, great, wala/i, to
honor, sallis, big, salli-,
big, great (Hittite)
clúdach, to cover (Irish)
ª còmhdach, to
cover (Scott)
ª clawr, to cover, i
dalu, to cover, i
orchuddio, to cover,
veil: cuddio, to hide,
conceal, cloak, mask
(Welsh)
velare, to veil; coprire,
celare, to cover (Italian)
voiler, to veil; couvir, to
cover; cacher, to conceal
(French)
ep- (vb.) [B aip-], to
cover, el (adv.), under
cover, kept in secret
(Tocharian)
"great,"
possibly
relating to
Latin, Italian
and French
verbs – to be
worth,
deserve, be
equal, as
good as;
more [<OE
mara]
fel, Z530, Z748,
Z1378, TC90, TC103,
TC241, TC307, K9,
K30, K47, K69, K79,
K86, K91, K100,
K107, K146, K162,
K179, AB-5, AD-4,
AG-1, AG-4, AN-12,
BS-1, FE-1, FT-2 ,
Au23, AC15, HA-3
VEL, J36-6
MAXIMAS
(MA ÄIMAS), Script
Script VF-6
4-15
to cover
[<Lat.
cooperiooperire
operuiopertum,
to cover up]
veil [< Lat.
velum],
conceal,
disguise;
mask [<Ital.
maschera]
FELaR, Script
BS-1, VP-1
felara (FELARA) ,
Script TC80, TC220;
FELaRA, Script
Z1192;
FELaRE, Script
Z1236, CG-2
FELaRI, Script K157
Note: This
appears to be
a common
Latin name,
Velera; or it
may be the
town Falerii.
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Indo-European Table with Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
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(the eyes, the face,
the lips, etc.), to
conceal, to
appropriate illegally,
to be covered,
clothed, clap down,
to cover with earth,
{-vant} veiled;
etc., to constrict to
tiray, -yati, to
veil, cover, hide, conceal, close a pot,
a door, etc., kullulu,
restrain,
to veil, to crown, to
oppress,
adorn, to cover (the huntu, veil, verholla,
pervade, fill,
to veil, peittää, to
³²
head or face) with
cover (Finnish-Uralic)
the cloth, kuttumu,
covered, veiled,
kullulu, veiled,
guhya-, under
linteled, esû, to
cover, kept in
cover up, hide,
secret
* al lu, *suktumu,
adj., covered, š lû ,
covered, mated,
t ’u, covered (said
of the eyes)
(Akkadian)
ule-> hide, conceal
(Hittie)
4-16
This appears
to refer to
Chianciano
Terme which
stands on a
hilltop
overlooking
to the west
the fertile
Chiana
valley. The
presence of
warm healing
springs in the
area must
also have
played a role
in the
development
of the
Etruscan
Chianciano,
since the area
was a centre
of the cult
worship of
Apollo as
early as the
5th century
Felchaina, or Fel
Chaina (FELKAINA),
Script AB-5 (See also
CHAINA)
Conte t:
MI MVLV
LARI SALE
FEL KAINA SI
" by me (L.
meus-a-um; mihi,
Dat.) a structure (L.
moles, molis)
structure, heap, wall of
the gods (Lar, Laris)
by the salt, brine, sea
(L. sal-salis, Abl.
Single -e) of the great
Chiana itself."
(See also CHIANE at
TC109)
B.C."
4-17
yodha¾,
warrior,
sainya¾, soldier,
a“v rohin,
horseman,
sainyam,
balam, army,
k•atam, hurt,
wound,
s din, trooper,
horseman,
“v rohin,
cavalier,
horseman
8 of 41
sarbâz, ¿¢ÀÁÂ
militiaman, soldier,
warrior, jangju,
Ÿ£ÄÅà belligerent,
combatant, fighter,
soldier, warrior,
arteš, ÆÇ§È army
(Persian)
, voin, warrior,
 », saldat,
soldier, ¬®É , armii,
army (Belarusian)
±
Ë°ÌÍ, polemistís,
warrior, Ë°€ ° ΰ Í,
stratiótis, soldier, Ë°€ °óÍ,
stratós, army (Greek)
Ï‚ÐŽ‘», rrazmik, warrior,
Ž‚ƒ‡‘», martik, fighter,
warrior, Б…ˆ‰ƒ, zinvor,
soldier, warrior, pawn,
Ñ‚…‚», banak, army
(Armenian)
luftëtar, warrior, ushtar,
soldier, ushtri, army
(Albanian)
ratnik, warrior,
vojnik, soldier,
vojska, army
(Croatian)
wojownik, warrior,
Êoønierz, soldier,
,
armia, army (Polish)
jarisk’atsi, soldier,
karav rs, warrior,
, meomari, soldier, armija, army
warrior,
,
armada, gudaroste, army,
(Latvian)
armia, army
gerrari, warrior, soldadu,
r¯zboinic, warrior,
(Georgian)
soldier (Basque)
soldat, soldier,
armat¯, army
(Romanian)
hur-ade, warrior
soturi, warrior, sotilas,
(Hurrian)
soldier, armeija, army
(Finnish-Uralic)
lilu, lilu, fem.,
liltu, liltu,
warrior, brave one,
muqtablu, warrior,
fighter, ursunu,
urš nu, warrior,
champion, urš ntu,
female warrior,
veles-itis or
velites,
bellator-oris,
warrior,
soldier,
miles-itis,
soldier,
infantryman,
army troops,
militia-ae,
military
service, war,
the army,
milito-are, to
serve, be a
soldier,
e ercitus-us,
army
(especially the
infantry,
assembly,
troop, e ercise,
acies-ei, sharp
edge or point,
power, line of
troops, battle
order, army,
battle,
armo-are-
laochra, warrior,
saighdiúir, soldie, arm,
army, weapon (Irish)
gaisgeach, warrior,
saighdear, soldier, arm,
airm, armailt, army
(Scott)
rhyfelwr, warrior, milwr,
soldier, fyddin, army
(Welsh)
light soldier, feles, Script
Al-4
[<OFr.
soulde],
warrior,
[<OFr.
werreieur]
light-armed
troops, army
[<Lat.
armare, to
arm]
guerriero, warrior,
soldato, soldier, esercito, 4-18
army (Italian)
guerrier, warrior,
soldat, soldier, armée,
army (French)
k•atri* [B k•atriye],
warrior (Tocharian)
KARAŠ, troops,
DUMU.NITA, army
kururiyahh->, to make
war, revolt, kururiiahh,
to wage war on,
kororiah, to wage war,
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Indo-European Table with Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
9 of 41
champion, mutu,
warrior, man,
husband, mutuššu,
an elite soldier,
ašannu, *m r
damqi, soldier, lik
s ri, ur du, a type
of soldier, miqittu,
soldiers, corpses of
soldiers, attack of a
disease, ruins,
disrepair, defeat,
dead animals,
ki irtu, contingent
of soldiers, ridge
wall, tablet,
minûtu, contingent
of soldiers, amount,
number (of persons,
animals, objects,
etc.), standard of
coinage, k du, in ša
k di, soldier
stationed in an
outpost, ardu,
soldier, servant
follower, vassal,
u ru, a type of
soldier or worker,
kakku, in b l
kakki, a type of
soldier, craftsman
miši, troops, army,
uqu, army, people,
ašarittu, crack
troops, gunnu, elite
troops, kall bu,
member of the light
troops, kall b
šipirti, member of
the light troops,
serving as a
messenger, gerû,
to make war,
quarrel, start a
lawsuit, be hostile
(Akkadian)
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hostility (Hittite)
avi-atum, to
arm, equip, to
rouse to arms,
arma-orum,
armour, shield,
arms, weapons,
warfare, troops
place, Velcha,
a town of
felkes, Script
Campania?
TC307
see velcia
4-19
pittam, bile,
ka˜uka, sharp,
pungent,
bmitter
zahre,
bile,
courage, Venus,
zardâb, ¡È¨§ gall,
(Persian)
, naghvlis,
bile (Georgian)
martu, bile, gall
bladder, gall,
mâ’u, bile, to vomit
(Akkadian)
Ò Ó , žoÔ , bile
(Belarusian)
žuÕ, bile (Croatian)
zolc, bile (Polish)
žults, bile (Latvian)
bil¯, bile FIERE,
FERE, gall bladder,
bile, bitter
(Romanian)
sappi, bile (FinnishUralic)
Ö Ì, choli, bile,
pikra, bitterness (Greek)
×½-…‚Ž‚», el-namak, bile
(Armenian)
biliare, bile, hudhurim,
zemërim, bitterness
(Albanian)
fel, fellis, the
gall bladder,
gall, bite,
poison, venom,
bitterness;
feles-is a thief,
hence a cat
bile, gall, (Irish)
bile, gall (Scott)
bilis, bile, bustl-au, geri,
bile, gall; chwerwder,
bitterness, rancor,
acrimony (Welsh)
fiel, bile (Italian)
bile, bile (French)
bile [<Lat.
bilis],
bitterness
[<OE biter]?
fels, Script Z1809
feli, Script Au76
4-20
Felsi, name?
FELSI, Script MF-2
4-21
Etruscan god
overseeing
augurs
Veltone (FELTVNE)
Script D-1
4-22
,
®Ø
, runo, fleece,
•, mallí, wool, fleece,
velus-eris,
lomra, fleece, olann,
fleece [<OE
felus, felos (FELVS)
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vãthwa [vãthwâ]
herd, flock,
multitude (of men),
(group) (Avestan)
pashm,
wool,
¯eece, coat, pust,
ÚŸ skin, vellum,
husk, coat, hide,
pelt (Persian)
,
sats’misis, fleece,
, bamba, wool
(Georgian)
aš- e, animal skin,
ašÖi, skin (Hurrian)
vilo(ro)maÙ,
fleece, ”r— ,
wool,
aur— n vail n,
made of sheeps
wool, meSa,
ram, sheep; in
Veda also a
fleece or
anything
woollen; uraNa
& urabhra, ram
(wool-bearer);
eta, arrived,
come;
gacchati,
come, eSya, to
come, future;
gamadhyai,
(dat. inf.) to go
or come;
savidhI
kR, to bring
near;
{bhU} come
near; il, {ilati},
come, {ila3yati}
be quiet, not
budge; at, atati,
-te to walk
about, wander,
run, {sam} go
or come to,
10 of 41
mušarbidu, hide, a
soft leather hide,
mašku, hide, (raw),
skin, leather
(tanned), leather in
syneodochic use,
rind, maš , to comb
wool, to comb out
hair, to have a welt,
lump, to strike with
palsy, to rub,
maz ru, to treat
wool in a certain
way, mizru, wool
treated in a certain
way, mašlû, hide
(for wrapping),
leather bucket,
k šu, hide, skin,
halû, wool, a kind
of wool and a
garment made from
it, ull nu, ul l”,
wool or linen
blanket or wrap,
* abš nu, a quality
of wool, mi ed or
shredded, abšu,
matted wool, ibšu,
wool of a certain
quality, gizzatu,
annual yield of
wool, (an animal’s
annual yield of wool
or hair), il u,
combed wool,
kit tu, fine wool
(like linen),
lama uššu,
garment, a precious
garment made of
wool, šip tu, wool,
fleece (Akkadian)
aêiti, to go; to come
(Avestan)
âmadan, ™›ìî to
come, arrive,
happen, residan,
™›œÂ to come, pass,
reach,
niyâ, ancestor
(Persian)
, mosvla, to
come (Georgian)
nun- , nun(-a)-, un-,
, ši-(a-), to come
(Urartian)
un-, ”n-, to come,
bring (Hurrian)
ÛÜ® , šers , wool
(Belarusian)
runo, fleece, vuna,
wool, koža, skin
Croatian)
runo, stryzy, fleece;
welna, wool (Polish)
vilna, fleece, wool
(Latvian)
FLOCI, fleece, vilna,
wool, fleece, LÝNÞ,
wool, fire, yarn,
(Romanian)
villa-, wool, lanka,
yarn, (FinnishUralic)
-® ï « ,
prychodzi , to come
(Belarusian)
do i, to come
(Croatian)
came, przybyc,
przyjsc, come;
przodek, ancestor
(Polish)
n kt, to come
(Latvian)
a veni, to come,
VINE, he/she comes
(Romanian)
tulla, to come
(Finnish-Uralic)
erio, wool (Greek)
ß‚Œ‚Œ‚…, p’at’at’an,
fleece, щ‹ƒå, burd, wool
(Armenian)
qeth, fleece, lesh, wool, e
lëkurë, skin, i fshehte,
hide, lesh i bagëtisë, cattle
wool (Albanian)
²€ð·, na értho, to
come, erchomai, come
(Greek)
¸‚½, gal, to come
(Armenian)
te vish, to come,
filloj, vij, bëhet, hyj,
gjendet, rezulton, to come
(Albanian)
fleece, skin,
hide; feles-is a
thief, hence a
cat,
lana-ae, wool,
laena-a, a
cloak,
lanatus-a-um,
wool- bearing,
venio, venita,
veni, ventum,
to come, to
happen, arrive,
grow, arise
Script TC108,
AN-4, AN-15,
AN37
lan, Script J40-17
lane, Z455, K139
LANTeS, Script,
Z1562, with a
mythological conte t:
(Z1558) A RVMI CA
wool, (Irish)
RIV PeCFA (Z1562)
lom, fleece, clòimh,
CISVM TEI
wool (Scott)
LANTeS IS IN Ce
cnu-au, fleece, cnaif
ESI TEI KIMeR
(cneifion, cneifiau),
(Z1571) STRETA
shearing, fleece, gwlan,
SATeRS ENAS RIV
wool, chwiwgi, sneak,
HAMØERIS
thief, rogue; lleidr,
(HAMPHERIS)
robber, thief; (Welsh)
vello, fleece, fender, to,
RINVS (Z1578) RVI
crack, lana, wool,
ARAS MVCVM
(Italian)
ANIA KES RASNA
féler, to crack; veilén,
HILAR...
vellum, toison, fleece; ,
"to the Romans, by
laine, wool, lainau ,
which way, the river
fleos]?, to
wooly, basane,
the sheep, flocks (L.
crack,
sheepskin, basil; voleur, break? wool
pecua), the chariot (L.
thief (French)
cisum-i) of the gods
[<OE wull]
yarn [<gearn] (L. dei) the wool
bearing, wooly (L.
lanatus-a-um) it (L. is,
k c* skin, hide
4-23
(Tocharian)
ea, id) to us (It. ce) here
he rises up (L. e eo-ireii-itum, 3rd p. singl.
e it) the gods (L. dei),
hulna, hulia, hulna/i,
wool (Luvian)
the Chimera he
overthrows/strikes
down, you escape/ flee
(L. eno-are-avi, 2nd p.
singl. æn s) the river;
hulana, wool, hotuli,
Amphiaraus
wool, kikis, wool, skein
(ç è € Í) (king of
of carded wool,
Argos?), you swim
kisma/i, garment of
back (l. reno-are, 2nd
carded wool, malkesr,
p. singl, renas) the
spun wool, suksuka/i
king (Fr. roi), to the
(soksuka/i?), hide of
altars (L. ara-ae; 1st
cow or horse, esri,
Decl. Accus. Pl. -as), I
fleece (Hittite)
would groan? (L. 1st p.
cond. p. singl.,
m”giam;, or we
bellow/groan); the
Anio River? on this
side (L. cis) the Rasna
(Etruscans) merry (L.
hilare, hilaris)
tar, to come (Irish)
tighinn, to come (Scott)
i ddod, to come,
become (Welsh)
venire, to come
(Italian)
venir, to come, arrive,
reach, happen, grow,
proceed, be descended
(French)
to come
[<OE
cuman], to be
descended?
arrive
[<{OFr.
ariver]See
veno (8env)
fena, Script XB-3
fene, Script AK-4;
PB-7
feni, Script M81
käm- (vb.) [B käm-], to
come (Tocharian)
4-24
awi, to come (Luvian)
ta, ar/R, ari, to come,
we/wa, anda uwa,
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gar šu, to come, go
to someone, er bu,
to enter, to enter
into the king or
god’s presence, to
invade, to penetrate,
to return, to arrive,
to go home, to bring
something, a û, to
come out of a
temple, depart, go
out, escape, to
leave, to rise (of
stars), to grow
(Akkadian)
pras da ,
grace,
upak ra¾, act of
kindness, a
favor conferred,
day , clemency,
thoughtful
kindness,
priya¾, to have
love for, dear,
dattam, charity
zybayy, ñô¢õô¿ grace,
gracefullness,
enchantment, good
looks, lotf, ö÷ù
favor, benefice,
grace, kindness
(Persian)
,
madli, grace,
,
sasargeblod, favor,
,
sakvelmokmedo,
charity (Georgian)
migru, grace, a
person endowed
with divine or royal
grace, favor,
consent, agreement,
contentedness of
heart, ennu, grace,
mercy, issatu,
divine grace,
understanding,
notification,
mention,
intelligence,
dumqu, grace,
favor (divine) grace,
gratitude, fame,
fortune, good luck,
well-being,
prosperity, fortune,
profit, beauty,
choice thing,
treasure, darling,
etc., dam qu,
gracious, do a favor,
etc., ep qu, to be
gracious, biš,
adv., gladly,
favorably, properly,
well, btu,
goodness, favor,
kindness, loyalty,
etc., bu,
honorable, satisfied,
pleasing, correct,
auspicious, good,
friendly, benevolent,
etc. (Akkadian)
vahati, bear,
carry, kal,
kalayati (-te) &
kAlayati; to
carry, bear; do,
make, cause,
produce, utter;
observe, notice;
try, e amine;
suppose, think,
regard as;
shake, agitate,
cast, fling;
seize, tie, fasten;
bordan, ™¨ÁÀ , to
carry, hamrâh
dâstan, bedus
gereftan, carry
(Persian)
,
ek’isreba, to bear,
, t’areba, to
carry (Georgian)
mat u, to carry,
to transport (timber,
bricks, etc.), to pick
up, to lift, to put on
a garment, to stand
high (said of the
moon), to remove,
-ue/uua, uwa-, we-> to
come, uæzzi, to come,
ehu, comme! (Hittite)
¬ ¬ ¬ ,
blahada , grace,
-®
, spryja ,
favor,
¬ ®¬ü
¬ ,
dabraÕynnas , charity
(Belarusian)
milost, grace, favor,
milosrþe, charity
(Croatian)
wdziÿk, grace,
przysøuga, favor,
dobroczynno“ ,
charity (Polish)
žælast ba, grace, labu,
favor, labdar ba,
charity (Latvian)
gra#ie, grace, favoare,
favor, caritate, charity
(Romanian)
armo, grace, suosia,
favor,
hyväntekeväisyys,
charity (FinnishUralic)
, niesci, to bear,
carry (Belarusian)
nositi, to bear, carry
(Croatian)
bore, cierpiec,
znosic, to bear, carry
(Polish)
paciest, to bear,
p rvad t, to carry
(Latvian)
a suporta, to bear, a
c¯ra, to carry
(Romanian)
kantaa, to bear, carry
(Finnish-Uralic)
Ö € , chári, grace, µ
,
évnoia, favor,
è
ð€·±• , filanthropía,
charity (Greek)
$…‰ƒ%¹, shnorhy, grace,
'¸‡‘…, ogtin, favor,
Ñ‚ƒ•¸‰ƒ•‰‹Œ•‰‹…,
baregortsut’yun, charity
(Armenian)
hir, grace, favor, favor,
bamirësi, charity
(Albanian)
venia-ae, grace, cairde, grace, bhfabhar,
favour
favor (Irish)
gràs, grace, buannachd,
favor (Scott)
gras, grace, o blaid,
favor (Welsh)
favore, favor; gra ia,
garbo, grace (Italian)
faveur, favor, grâce,
grace (French)
fenias, Script Au27
Fenias,
Venias, name
(Re: L.
venia-ae,
grace, [<Lat.
gratia],
favour,
[<Lat.],
charity [<Lat.
earitis,
affection]
4-25
eskertsu, graciously,
aldeko, favorably,Atsegin
handiz, gladly, ondo, well,
onegintza, charity
(Basque)
è²€ , na férei, to bear,
° è²€ + , na
metaféroun, to carry,
(Greek)
»ƒ•½, krel, to bear, =‚ƒ$
‡‚½, k’arsh tal, to carry
(Armenian)
të mbajnë, to bear, lind,
jap, prodhoj,
mbart, to bear; mbaj, kam,
transportoj, to carry
(Albanian)
karie/a, to be gracious
towards, kriasha,
graciousness, kari tie/a,
gracious, to be merciful
(Hittite)
fero, ferre, with
perf. tuli,
supine latum,
feret, Ind Fut.
3rd Pers.
single, he will
bear,
porto-are, to
carry, to bear,
bring
a iompróidh, to bear, a
sheoladh, to carry (Irish)
a ghi@lan, to bear, carry
(Scott)
cywiain, to convey,
carry; garner; cario, to
carry, bear; cludo, to
carry, convey, port, bear;
arwain, to lead, conduct,
guide, carry
(Welsh)
portare, to carry,
sopportare, to bear
(Italian)
porter, to carry,
supporter, to bear
to bear [<OE
beran], carry;
[<Norm. Fr.
carier]
support [<L.
supportare, to
carry]
fer, Script Aph-22
fere, Script TC56
fersom, fersum
(FERSVM), or fer som
Script Z1781
4-26
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(French)
observe, notice;
try
ents, enQk, to bear
(Tocharian)
ber (Phryigian)
to be lifted, to rise
high (said of
celestial bodies),
asu, dabû, margû?,
bear (Akkadian)
aste, Y\^` weary,
mânde, bizâr, adj.,
weary (Persian)
y sayati, to
,
fatigue, kl nta,
daghlili, tired, weary
fatigued,
tandrAy, -yate to (Georgian)
grow or be
nihu, tired, weary,
weary; klam,
an tu, weariness,
klAmyati, be
dilapidation,
weary or
e haustion,
languid
disrepair, šudlupu,
{klAmayati}, to adj., e hausted,
tire, e haust,
sleepless (Akkadian)
tired or
e hausted,
jasuri, adj.,
e hausted, tired
pittae, to carry, to bring,
peda/ped, to carry, to
take, take somewhere,
to carry, to transport; to
spend (time) pipeda, to
carry out (Hittite)
ª É
nuzacy,
stomlieny, tired, wear,
(Belarusian)
umoran, tired, weary
(Croatian)
znuzony, weary;
praca, zmeczenie,
fatigue (Polish)
noguris, tired, weary
(Latvian)
obosit, tired, weary
(Romanian)
väsynyt, weary
(Finnish-Uralic)
´ +€ Ë ² Í,
kourasménos, tired, weary,
kourazo,
stenochoro, weary;
e antlimenos, tired;
kourasi, kourazo, fatigue
(Greek)
%‰¸…‚•, hognats, tired,
weary (Armenian)
i lodhur, tired, weary, i
këputur, i lëshuar, i
mërzitshem,
weary, adj. (Albanian)
fessus-a-um,
weary, tired,
e hausted; fesa
aetas, old age;
vescor-ari, to
eat, feed on, to
use, enjoy
tuirseach, tired (Irish)
sg|th, tired, weary
(Scott)
wedi blino, tired, yn
weary, weary, lluddedu,
to tire, fatigue, weary,
e haust, fatigue,
(Welsh)
stanco, tired, weary,
affaticare, annoiare,
stancarsi, to be weary
(Italian)
se lasser, weary, las,
ennuyé, fatigué, tired
adj. (French)
trie/a, weary, trinu
(drinu), dariianu, to
make tired, triasha,
tiredness, fatigue
(Hittite)
agortu, akitu, e hausted,
nekaturik, weary (Basque)
weary [<OE
werian],
e hausted
[<Lat.
e haurio
haurire -hausi
haustum, to
draw out,
take away],
tired [<OE
tyrian, to tire]
fese, Script TC-1
fesi, EN-1
See also las, lasier, to
make weary, e haust
4-27
a Faliscian
town,
Fescennia?
An
Fesni, Script Z929
Etrurian town
See also Phesnes,
famous for
~376, ~388
verse
dialogues
Fescennia-ae
4-28
parvan, festival,
tarpayati, to
feast,
anandotsava,
feast of joy;
maha, feast,
festival;
devaviti, a feast
or meal for the
gods; psaras,
food, feast,
enjoyment; to
holiday parvan
eyd, ›œ• festival,
feast, celebration,
holiday, jubilee,
jasn,
feast,
festival, sur,
festival, banqet,
dinner, feast, ruze
bikâri, holiday,
bazm,
banquet,
festival, feast
(Persian)
,
dghesasts’auli, feast,
, bank’et’i,
banquet (Georgian)
eli, feast (Hurrian)
qarêtu, banquet, to
arrange a banquet,
qer tu, festival,
banquet, qarr tu,
festival and month
name in Assyria,
iari, isl tu,
qil s tu, šu u?, a
festival, isinnu-a’,
to celebrate a
festival, mu, to
, sviata, feast,
, biasieda,
banquet (Belarusian)
gozba, feast, banket,
banquet (Croatian)
biesiada, festyn,
fetowac, fete, swieto,
holiday, ucztowac,
feast, bankiet, banquet
(Polish)
sv tki, feast, bankets,
banquet (Latvian)
s rb toare, feast,
(s rba, celebrate),
banchet, banquet
(Romanian)
juhla, feast, banketti,
banquet (FinnishUralic)
féasta, feast (Irish)
, giortí, feast,
pó , sym ósio,
banquet,
€•‚,
Festivál, festival, (Greek)
ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰„Š‹Œ„Š…,
tonakhmbut’yun, feast
(Armenian)
festival, festival, festë,
holidary, arty, festival,
fete, banket, feast
(Albanian)
jaialdia, festival, besta,
oturuntza, feast, (Basque)
festus-a-um, of
a holiday,
festive; of
eo le,
kee ing a
holiday; n. as
subst., a feast
fèill, feast (Scott)
gwledd, feast, dydd
gwyl, festival, holiday;
gwyl, holiday, festival,
feast, recess, fet (Welsh)
fest, festino, fest,
holiday (Italian)
fête, fest, holiday
vetir, to clothe, to
dress (French)
feast [<Lat,
festum],
holiday
[<OE halig
daeg]
banquet
[<OFr.
banquet]
fet, Scri t Z1430,
TC80, OM-1
4-29
EZEN, festival,
kalistruna, feast, arty,
kalistrunili, festive
manner (Hittite)
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arrange a festival,
spend a day, eššešu,
festival, a monthly
festival, offerings
made at the festival,
el lu, festival of the
month Elul, kinku,
festival and month,
mitirunnu,
(Hurrian word,
še ali), festival and
month, erubatu,
festival name,
entrance, tašr tu,
seventh month and
festival, beginning
uwaru, eleventh
month and festival,
nam ru, to
celebrate a festival,
to make festive, to
light a fire, to set
fire to, kindle a fire,
light up, to dawn, to
become bright, etc. ,
namritu, festival,
paddug nu,
festival or banquet,
tu tu nu, a
festival and its god,
taš ltu, festiveness,
joy, delight,
splendor,
zagmukku, New
Year's festival
(Akkadian)
zâtanãm [zâta] born,
brought into
existence (Avestan)
zaysh,
childbirth, breeding,
procreation, farzand,
zahâk, offspring;
nezâd, mosâbeque,
race; bacehâ,
farzandân,
kudakân, children
(Persian)
janman, coming
into life,
prajananam,
that which is
born, prasava ,
child birth,
garbha , fetus,
tana, offspring,
child; tanas,
posterity,
offspring; jA,
offspring;
tyajas,
offspring,
descendant;
apatya,
offspring
,
gamoit’anos
meotkhe, to bring
forth,
,
naq’opi, fetus,
,
shtamomavloba,
offspring (Georgian)
an-, an-, to give
birth (Hurrian)
eš ru, to give birth
easily, charge, to
charge (an enemy),
straighten up, to go
straight toward, to
thrive, al du,
wal du, to give
birth (Akkadian)
, kab
prynosi , to bring
forth,
, plod,
fetus,
,
atožylak, offspring,
, dzieci, children
(Belarusian)
stvoriti, to bring forth,
fetus, fetus, p cn c ji,
offspring, djeca,
children (Croatian)
potomek,
potomstwo,
offspring (Polish)
izaudzin t, to bring
forth, auglis, fetus,
b rni, children
(Latvian)
F T, FAT , fetus, m.
f.; F TARE, result of
giving birth,
descenden i, offspring
(Romanian)
tuoda esiin, to bring
forth, sikiö, fetus
(Finnish-Uralic)
€•‚ƒ , émvryo, fetus,
gonos, apogonos,
offspring; paidia,
children, genia, race
(Greek) „…†‡ˆ ‰Š‹…†Œ,
durs galuts’, to bring forth,
•Ž…†••, ptughy, fetus,
ˆ‘‡…†“„, serund, offspring
(Armenian)
për të lindur, to bring forth,
filiz, pasardhës, offspring,
fëmijë, children
rezultat, pasojë,
pjellë, thark,
offspring
(Albanian)
fetura-ae,
fetus-us, the
bringing forth
of young,
hatching;
fetus-us,
offspring
filia-ae,
daughter;
filius-i, son;
genus -eris,
birth, descent,
origin, race
a thabhairt amach, to
bring forth, féatas, fetus,
leanaí, children (Irish)
a thoirt a-mach, to bring
forth, fòcas, fetus, clann
children (Scott)
i ddod allan, to bring
forth, ffetws, fetus,
plant, children, geni,
offspring, bragad, army,
battle, offspring;
esillydd-ion, offspring,
hil-iau, race, lineage,
posterity, brood,
progeny, offspring
(Welsh)
portare avanti, to bring
forth, feto, fetus,
progenie, offspring,
figlia, daughter, figlio,
son (Italian)
faire naître, to bring
forth, fœtus, fetus,
progéniture, enfant,
offspring; fille,
daughter; fis, son
French)
cmol [B camel,
cmalune [B cmelñe],
j ti [B j ti] birth, birth
(Tocharian)
cin, a kind? (Phrygian)
the bringing
forth of
young,
breeding;
meton., brood
[<OE brod],
offspring
[<OE
ofspring]
fetus, [Latin,
fetus-us,
offspring]
fitzroy,
[<AngloNorman, "son
of a king."]
fetra, Script Z489
feture, Script HA-3;
fetos, fetus (FETVS),
Script HT-4
foato (FOATO) XV-8,
fetus?
4-30
p da-> bring, take,
h ssas, child, has/hss,
hasnu, to give birth
(Hittite)
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dhvaj , flag
par”am, ensign,
flag, standard
(Persian)
•–, sciah, flag
(Belarusian)
zastava, flag
(Croatian)
,
drosha, flag
(Georgian)
—˜€™š™, simaía, flag
(Greek)
„‡…›, drosh, flag
(Armenian)
flamur, flag (Albenian)
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vexillum-i
bratach, flag (Irish)
bratach, flag (Scott)
baner, flag (Welsh)
bandiera, flag (Italian)
drapeau, flag (French
flaga, flag (Polish)
karogs, flag (Latvian)
steag, flag
(Romanian)
it uru, royal
standard (Akkadian) lippu, flag (FinnishUralic)
bhavati, to
become,
yujyate,
become, vasna,
price, value;
nirmA,
measure, value,
equivalent; miti,
measure.,
weight, value;
kr & skr, to
cause, do, serve
a god,
make, render,
prepare,
arrange,
consecrate,
dedicate, marry,
refine, adorn,
etc.
vîs- [-] to be, to
become (Avestan)
•odan,
to
become, arzes,
value, bahâ,
arj, value (Persian)
, gakhde, to
become (Georgian)
mann-, to be, tupp-,
to be, ur-, to be,
exist (Hurrian)
*kânu, to be, t ru,
to become, return,
refuse, change, turn
back, give back,
exchange, etc.
(Akkadian)
, sta , to
become,
Ÿ
,
zna”ennie, value
(Belarusian)
postati, to become,
vrijednost, value
(Croatian)
zosta , to become,
wartosc, wielkosc,
wycenic, znaczenie,
value (Polish)
k¡¢t, to become,
v rt£ba, value
(Latvian)
FII!, become; A FI to
become; FIE, so be!,
valoare, value
(Romanain)
tulla joksikin, to
become, arvo, value
(Finnish-Uralic)
a standard,
flag, [<origin
unknown], a
company,
troop)
FEXIES, Script PJ-3
4-31
¤™ ¥š¤¦, na gino, to
become, axia, timi, ektimo,
value; ginomai,
armozo, become,
gegonos, fact
(Greek)
„Š§“Š‹, darrnal, to
fio, fieri, factus
become (Armenian)
sum, used as
për tu bërë, to become, to
be made, cmoj, vlerësoj, to pass. of facio
value; dobi, vlerë, cmim,
vleftë, value (Albanian)
bihurtu, to become,
bilakatu, to become,
convert, balio, to value,
worth (Basque)
le bheith, to become
(Irish)
gus a bhith, to become
(Scott)
i ddod, to become,
gwerth-au-oedd,
value, worth, price, sale
(Welsh)
diventare, to become,
valutare, to value
(Italian)
devenir, to become,
évaluer, to value
(French)
to be {<OE b
on], become
[<OE
becuman] to
be made,
come into
existence, to
become, be
appointed,
valued
[<OFr.
valoir] at, be
done, to
happen; to be
worth [<OE
weorth]
fi, Script AP-1,
fia, Script Z1780
-u-e-et, become,
4-32
kikkis-> k s-> become,
happen (Hittite)
jigar, ©ª« liver
(Persian)
,
ghvidzlshi, liver
(Georgian)
yakan &
yak¨t, liver
gabidu, liver,
kabattu, liver, a
feature on the liver,
potion, watering
place, irrigation
outlet, drink,
mašq tu, liver?
emotions, inside of
the body, thoughts,
mind, spirit, am tu,
liver model,
manz zu, presence
of a deity or a
demon signifying an
omen, floor of a
wagon or chariot,
socket of a door,
position observed at
sunset of celestial
bodies, station,
object given as a
pledge, office, rank,
abode, etc.,
ma ra u, part of a
liver, kilzappu, part
of a liver, threshing
board, pedestal,
socle, footstool,
uddusû, mark on
the liver (Akkadian)
ufyemi [vap] to
weave (Avestan)
restan, ristan,
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Ÿ , pie”a¬, liver
(Belarusian)
watroba, liver
(Polish)
jetra, liver (Croatian)
aknas, liver (Latvian)
FICAT, liver
(Romanian)
maksa, liver
(Finnish-Uralic)
—ƒ-®¯°, sykóti, ypar, liver
(Greek)
‹±Š‡„, lyard, liver
(Armenian)
mëlci, liver (Albanian)
, kab spina,
to spin,
, nitka,
thread,
, tka , to
weave (Belarusian)
vrtjeti, to spin, nit,
¤™ ¥ƒ‚š—¦y, na gyríso, to
spin, ²³€™, Níma, thread,
¤™ ƒ´™š¤ ƒ¤, na yfaínoun
to weave (Greek)
›ŽŠ•‘‹, shtapel, to spin,
ae, liver (Irish)
òr, liver (Scott)
afu, au (euon), iau
(ieuau), liver (Welsh)
fegatt, liver (Italian)
foie, liver French)
iecur
gibel, liver (Basque)
4-33
fiaul (FIAFL)
Script DL,
Divination_Lesson;
See Note 1) & 2)
to spin [<OE
spinnan],
draw
out, pay out
[cable], knit
filar (FILAO), Script
AE-1
FILaR, Script
TC318
liver [<OE
lifer]
lissi, lesi/lisi, liver,
lisila, liver related
(Hittite)
fusus-i, a
spindle;
verso (vorso)
-are, to turn
about, bend,
chun casadh, to spin,
snáithe, thread, a fhíorú,
to weave (Irish)
gus snìomh, to spin,
snàthainn, thread, a
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tanidán, µ¶·¸
to spin, twist, weave
,
nax, rismân, reste,
¹º»¼ thread (Persian)
,
dat’rialeba, to spin,
, tema, thread,
,
khels uts’q’obs, to
weave (Georgian)
gu a u, a kind of
colored thread or
braid, wire, braided
wire or torque of
s¢tram, thread, gold, used as
s¢trayati, to
jewelry and for
string, vyati, to suspending jewelry,
weave, k¨ntati, wire cable of
to spin, kRt,
bronze, a special
kRNatti, to
type of garment,
twist the thread, perhaps a scarf,
spin; krtayati,
dar ru, to spin,
to weave, tan,
e pu, to twine,
tanoti, tanute, to double, multiply,
extend, stretch, karku, adj., twined,
compact?, lap pu,
spread, last,
twist, to coil, to
continue,
wrap, kan nu, to
protract,
twist, to coil, to
lengthen, spin
contort, to bend
out, weave,
down completely,
prepare,
etc., eg ru, to
arrange, string,
twist, perverse,
cross, confused,
stretch a bow,
maneuver
for a
expand, diffuse,
position, to feint,
etc.
stumble, hobble,
egru, twisted,
crossed, crooked,
perverse, kiplu,
adj., twisted,
kam du, k midu,
to weave and
prepare cloth in a
certain way, piš
tunši, weaver,
uppû , a type of
weaver, acrobat,
išpar kite, linen
weaver, maštûtu,
weaving, mi u,
weaving, woven
cloth, precious
stones decor,
plowed land, mu û,
woven fabric, etc.
(Akkadian)
aatmajaa,
kishori
tanayaa,
duhit¨, duhitaa,
daughter,
sutaa
dukhdha [duxdhar],
daughter (Avestan)
doxtär, ©ºÁ©ºÁÂ,
daughter (Persian)
,
kalishvili, daughter
(Georgian)
• l-a, daughter
(Hurrian)
m rtu, daughter,
young girl or
woman, mertu,
daughter (Albanian)
thread, tkati, to weave
(Croatian)
wrzeciono, spindle,
w½tek, thread,
w½tekspan, spin,
tka , to weave
(Polish)
si¢las, thread
(Lithuanian)
pavediens, thread,
v rpjot, to twist, aust,
to weave (Latvian)
a invarti, to spin,
FIR, spin, thread, a
tese, to weave
(Romanian)
pyöriä, to spin, lanka,
thread, kutoa, to
weave (FinnishUralic)
Ÿ , da”ka,
daughter (Belarusian)
k i, daughter
(Croatian)
corka, daughter
(Polish)
dacka, (pl.),
docki, daughter
(Belarus)
meita, daughter
(Latvian)
dukte, daughter
(Baltic-Sudovian)
dukter, daughter
(Lithuanian)
fiicÃ, daughter
(Romanian)
tytär, daughter
(Finnish-Uralic)
¾‘¿Š, t’ema, thread,
À±…†ˆ‘‹•, hyusely, to
weave (Armenian)
te rrotullosh, to spin, fije,
thread, për të endur, to
weave, vërtis, wiggle
(Albanian)
twist; filum-i,
thread
ghlanadh, to weave
(Scott)
nyddu, to spin, twist;
troelli, to spin, twist,
wind, meander; i
wehyddu, to weave,
eilio, to weave, plait,
gwau, to weave, knit;
ystofi, to warp, weave,
plan; edau, thread,
cotton, yarn, wool
(Welsh)
filare, to spin, filo,
thread, Ondeggiare, to
weave (Italian)
filer, to spin, fil, thread,
tisser, to weave (French)
[<OE
cnyttan],
wind [OE
windan],
weave [<OE
wefan]
4-34
wap [A&B], to weave
(Tocharian)
sitar, spindle (Luvian)
malk/mlk, to spin, suil,
thread, wep, to weave,
wepa, woven fabric
(Hittite)
-ó‚˜, kori, thygatera;
daughter; fyli, race
(Greek)
„…†ˆŽ‡•, dustry, daughter
(Armenian)
bijë, vajzë, daughter,
(Albanian)
fila-ae
iníon, daughter (Irish)
nighean, daughterr
(Scott)
merch-ed, daughter,
(Welsh)
nighean (Scott)
merc'h,-ed daughter
(Breton)
figlia, daughter (Italian)
fille, daughter,(French)
ckácar, tkácer, daughter
(Tocharian)
cbatru, daughter,
(Lycian)
daughter
[<OE
dohtor]
filae, Script MG-6
file, Script Z629, AT-11
4-35
DUMU.MUNUS, girl,
daughter (Hittite)
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Indo-European Table with Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
phalavat,
fruitful,
phalabhRt,
phalegrahi,
fruit-bearing,
fruitful,
dhanya ,
fortunate,
mahodaya, adj.,
very fortunate
or lucky,
zubhalagna, a
lucky moment;
bhujman, adj.,
fruitful, iSa,
vigorous,
strong, fat,
juicy, fruitful,
nand, nandati
{samabhi}
make happy,
bless, accept,
approve,
toÄayati, to
gratify
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xosbaxt, adj.
lucky; barumand,
fruitful, adj.,
xorsand, delsâd,
sepâsgozâr, glad
sâdbâs goftan to
congratulate
(Persian)
,
naq’opieri, fruitful,
,
bednieri, happy
(Georgian)
Å ÆÇ, plionnuju,
fruitful, ÈŸ
É ,
•”aslivy, happy
piÄuli, happy
(Belarusian)
(Urartian)
plodan, fruitful,
pic=o=nni, happy
sretan, happy
(Hurrian)
(Croatian)
owocujacy, zyzny,
fruitful, szczesliwy,
egallu, fertility
emblem, abundance, lucky (Polish)
augl£gs, fruitful,
abundant yield of
fauna and flora,
laim£gs, happy
productivity,
(Latvian)
ad š, adj., happily, roditor, fruitful,
joyfully, ab u,
norocos, lucky
happiness,
FERICIT, happy
karallu, a term for
(Romanian)
happiness, udû,
hedelmällinen,
du happiness,
joy, lullû, to provide fruitful, onnellinen,
happy (Finish-Uralic)
with happiness,
beauty, pleasure,
lalû, luxury objects,
abundant
vegetation, wealth,
wish, desire, charms
(of a woman or
man), etc., addû,
adj., happy, lal nû,
happy, luxuriant,
adû, happy
person, adû, to be
happy, rejoice,
unnubu, adj.,
fruitful, luxuriant, to
be fruitful
(Akkadian)
puthra [-] son,
child (Avestan)
pisar, ©ÓÔ son,
zâd, son, farzand,
Persian)
, shvili, son
(Georgian)
-™‚Ê ´ó‚ Ë, karpofóros,
fruitful, ¯ƒ Ì‚óË, tycherós,
lucky, ™‚ ̤̀ Ë,
charoúmenos, happy
(Greek)
Α•¿“ŠÏ…‡, beghmnavor,
fruitful, ‘‡ÐŠ“ÑÒ,
yerjanik, happy
(Armenian)
i frytshëm, fruitful, i
lumtur, happy,
fat, fatlum, fatmirë, lucky,
i lumtur, happy, lucky adj.,
produktiv, fruitful,
(Albanian)
torthúil, fruitful, sásta,
happy (Irish)
measail, fruitful, gu
math toilichte,
felicitous, sona, happy
(Scott)
ffrwythlon, adj.
fruitful, fertile, prolific,
dedwydd, adj. happy,
blessed; gwynfydedig,
adj. blessed, happy,
beatific; hapus, adj.
happy (Welsh)
felice, adj. happy, glad,
lucky, felicitous;
fruttifero, fruitful
(Italian)
feliciter, to congratulate
to complement; fécund,
fructueux, productif,
adj. fruitful (French)
felix-icis,
fruitful;
feliciter,
fruitfully,
auspiciously,
successfuly;
gratulor-ari, to oko, fruit, result
(Tocharian)
wish a person
to, congratulate
tuskri, happiness,
tuskrat, happiness,
entertainement,
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4-36
mac, son (Irish)
mac, son (Scott)
ab (i.e., son of); mab,
son (Welsh)
maab, son (Breton)
figlio, son (Italian)
fils, son (French)
syn, son (Belarus)
sin, son (Croatian)
aatmaja,
kishora
tanuuja, suta,
sunus, s¢nu
FILiK, Script
TC127, Au95, VP-12
VILiK (8ILiK),
Script Z489, Au95;
see VILiK
tuskruant, happy, glad,
dusganu, tusknu
(duusganu), to make
happy, tuskiie/a,
tusk(ie/a), to be happy,
to entertain oneself, to
play, tuskradr/tuskran,
tuskriadr/tuskrian,
happiness, miantila,
fruitful, mianu, to
make vine branches
fruitful, miianu, to
make branches
fruitbearing (Hittite)
, syn, son
(Belarusian)
wit qi, fut-ki, wutqi,
son (Hurrian)
sin, son (Serbo
Croatian) syn, son
r , *mer’u, son, (Polish)
kudurru, a word
sunus, son;
for son, m ru, son
vaikas, boy
(used as a form of
helper (Baltic
address to a
Sudovian)
subordinate,
descendant,
offspring, young,
sunus, son
offspring of an
(Lithuanian)
animal, darling,
d ls, son (Latvian)
lover, employee,
member of a group, FIU, son, FIULUI,
son's (Romanian)
citizen, native of a
poika, son (Finnishcity or country,
etc.), m r tu,
Uralic)
sonship, status of a
natural or adopted
son or daughter,
status of a vassal,
aplu, son, heir,
oldest son, agašgû,
fruitful [<Lat.
fruor, frui,
fructus
and fruitus, to
enjoy], fertile
[<Lat
fertilis-e];
transf. lucky,
successful, to
congratulate;
felicitous,
happy, [<hap,
ON happ]
ƒ°óË, yiós, gios, son, fyli,
race (Greek)
…‡„Ñ“, vordin, son
(Armenian)
bir, son, dialé
(Albanian)
filius
se, soyä, son
(Tocharian)
son [<OE
sunnu]
tideime/i, son, child,
kzzãta, son (Lycian)
4-37
filos, filus (FILVS),
Script AN-1;
filoi, filui (FILVI),
Script L44
seme, son (Basque)
DUMU, son, child,
DUMU.NITA, son
(Hittite)
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youngest son,
novice, youngster,
šanduppû, son,
šir’ nu, a word for
son, ta û, a word
for son, offspring
(Akkadian)
tamâm •odán, ÕÖ×Ø
µ¶» to cease, end,
stop, finish,
terminate (Persian)
,
damtavreba, to
finish,
,
dasasruli, end
(Georgian)
anubandh, to
bind by an
obligation,
sam payati, to
complete,
anta , extreme
point, end
gam ru, final, end,
to finish, to bring to
an end, to control,
to annihilate, to use
up, to encompass, to
pay or deliver in
full, to use one’s full
strength, to
concentrate, to hold
together, used up, to
be settled, etc.,
g miru, final,
effective, complete,
making decisions,
etc., šuklulu, to
finish, carry out a
task, accomplish,
etc., kam su,
stationed, to prepare
for burial, gather, to
gather in barley,
assemble, to bring
in etc., kintillû,
finished work,
ki•du, limit,
boundary,
acquisition, assets,
kad ru, to establish
a border by means
of a boundary stone,
narû, boundary
stone, stone
monument inscribed
with laws and
regulations,
memorial
monument set up by
a king (Akkadian)
angur, ¼Ûª¸ grapes,
•arâb, Ü ©» wine
(Persian)
, ghvino,
wine (Georgian)
dr kÄ rasa,
grape-juice,
wine, sava ,
wine
x
is unnatu,
kar natu, grape
cluster, is unnu,
bunch of grapes,
kar nu, grapes,
grapevine, wine,
kurunnu, wine or a
choice kind of beer,
kar n nû,
wine-colored,
is unnatu,
kar natu, bunch of
grapes, kar nu,
grapevine, wine
(Akkadian)
x
Ÿ
,
skon”y , to finish,
, kaniec, end
(Belarusian)
zavr•iti, to finish,
kraj, end (Croatian)
pabeigt, to finish,
beigas, end (Latvian)
a termina, to finish,
SfârÙit, end
(Romanian)
saada valmiiksi, to
finish, pää, end
(Finnish-Uralic)
¤™ ¯ÌÚÌ°®—¦, na teleióso,
to finish, ¯ Ú Ë, télos, end
(Greek)
ŠÏŠ‡Ž‘‹, avartel, to
finish, Ï‘‡Ð, verj, end
(Armenian)
te mbaroj, to finish, fund,
end (Albanian)
finio-ire
amaitzeko, to finish
(Basque)
teorainn a chur, to limit,
críochnaigh, finish,
deireadh, end (Irish)
gus crìoch a chur air, to
limit, chrìochnaich,
finish, deireadh, end
(Scott)
i gyfyngu, to limit,
gorffen, finish, diwedd,
end (Welsh)
finire, to finish, fine,
end (Italian)
terminer, to finish, fin,
end (French)
to bind, limit,
enclose,
apppoint,
finish by
speaking, or
to die
fin, Script XB-15,
XJ-23
finar, Script OM-9
4-38
kessu (adj.) [B
akessu] final, k [B
ke] end (Tocharian)
ishai, hamanki, to tie,
tuhus, to end ,
appa/appi, appae,
appiie/a, to finish,
trup, to be finished, to
plaid together, to unite,
collect, to collect
oneself, tsini/tsin,
zinna/zinn,
zinnizzi/zinnanzi, to
finish, rha, boundary,
off, away (Hittite)
É , vino, wine
(Belarusian)
vino, wine (Croatian)
-‚™—š, krasí, wine (Greek)
‰Ñ“Ñ“, ginin, wine
(Armenian)
verë, wine (Albanian)
vinum-i
wino, wine (Polish0
v£ns, wine (Latvian)
vin, wine (Romanian)
viini, wine (FinnishUralic)
x
fíon, wine (Irish)
fìon, wine (Scott)
gwin, wine (Welsh)
vino, wine (Italian)
du vin, wine (French)
wine [<Latin,
vinum]
finum (FINVM) Script
Z47, Z66, Z159
4-39
wian, winia, wine,
winiant, wine deified,
GEÝTIN, wine (Hittite)
x
x
x
Vipinas, god
Virbius,
Hippolytus?,
of Vipinas?;
Vipinnas
brother,
Francois
tomb?
Fipena, Script AT-1
Fipinas, Script DD-2,
DD-4
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4-40
ahûm, gaêm,
gaya, jyátum, life
(Avestan)
jân, zendegi, Þ߶¸
life; hasti, zist,
åÓ existence,
living (Persian)
,
tskhovreba, life,
,
arseboba, existence
(Georgian)
jiivita
•u -ori / •o -ori /
•e -eri, alive,
•u uri, ulgu-•æ,
ulgu=•e life, •e iri,
living, , (Urartian)
•uçur-ni, •eçur-ni,
life, •e iræ, living,
ur-, exist (Hurrian)
aja, alive,
mudeššû, life-giver,
nabl u, life-giving,
healing, aš bu,
live, to reside, stay
somewhere, sit
down, wait, sit idly,
mourn, officiate (of
kings, etc.),
populated, napšu,
life, breath, napištu,
life, vigor, vitality,
good health, living
beings, etc., nêšu,
to stay alive, to keep
alive, to recover,
(Akkadian),
Å, žyccio, life
(Belarusian)
zivot, life (Serbo
Croatian)
trwalosc, zycie,
zywotnosc, life
(Polish)
dz£ve, life (Latvian)
zyccio (Belarus)
VIAè , life
(Romanian)
elämä, life (FinnishUralic)
ïð, zoi, bios, life (Greek)
Ò±Š“ô•, kyank’y, life
(Armenian)
jetë, life, jetesë, living;
ekzistoj, jetoj, rroj, to live
(Albanian)
saol, life (Irish)
beatha. life, beò, adj.
alive (Scott)
bywyd, life,
byw, adj. alive, living,
quick (Welsh)
buhez, life (Breton)
vita, life (Italian)
vie, life (French)
vita-ae
s'ol, s'aul, life
(Tocharian)
huis/hus, huiszi, to live,
TI, life (Hittite)
asha [-],
righteousness,
world order, eternal
law, fitness
(Avestan)
haqiqat, åõ·õ÷ truth,
reality, verity,
durust, åø¼Â to be
true, rastyn, ù·ºø ¼
accurate, faithful,
true (Persian)
,
martalia, true
(Georgian)
Satya, tathya,
true
k nu, true,
reliable, just,
honest, decent,
loyal, correct,
normal, regular,
sound, legitimate,
firm (in place),
abarša, truly,
surely, ikkitti, in
truth, kittu, in truth,
truly, justice, justly,
correct procedures,
loyalty, fidelity,
correctness, treaty,
duly, loyally, etc.,
k n tu, truth,
permanency,
stability, loyalty,
correct measure,
behavior, justice,
k niš, truthfully,
steadily, loyally, in
due form, correctly,
according to
ü , praýda, true
(Belarusian)
pravi, true (Croatian)
taisn£ba, true
(Latvian)
adevÃrat, true
(Romanian)
totta, true (FinnishUralic)
life [<OE lif],
existence
[<Lat.
existere]
4-41
fita, Script Z776, FITE
(or FIKE) Script XV-6;
XJ-14
fiti, Script Z446,
Z455, Z784;
fithi, (FIQI) Script M32
trusty, true
[<OE tr owe,
loyal]
fitos, Script HA-4
fíor, true (Irish)
fìor, true (Scott)
wir, true (Welsh)
fidato, true (Italian)
vrai, true (French)
™Ú˜þ³Ë, alithís, true
(Greek)
ÿÑ›Ž, chisht, true
(Armenian)
i vërtetë, true (Albanian)
fidus-a-um,
trusty, true,
faithful, sure;
superl. adv.
fidissime
k rme, truth, ats, atsek,
truly, indeed, in fact,
atsa#, adv., truly,
indeed, in fact
(Tocharian)
4-42
kan-tro, to trust
someone with
something (Lydian)
ima, truly, really,
indeed, hantat, trust,
determination
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expectation, firmly,
na’du, careful,
attentive, pious,
ebbu, trustworthy,
proper, pure
(religiously),
polished, shining,
lustrous, clean, holy
(Akkadian)
– Æ , hnutki,
flexible, @
É ,
zmienlivy, changeable
(Belarusian)
fleksibilno, flexible,
promjenljiv,
, shetsvla, to
changeable (Croatian)
change, tsvalebadia,
namya, flexible,
changeable,
parivartan£ya ,
elastyczne, flexible,
, moknili,
changeable,
zmienny, changeable
parivartayati, to to flex, flexible
(Polish)
(Georgian)
change, alter
elast£gs, flexible,
main ms. changeable
enû, to change, to
displace, to shift, to (Latvian)
flexibil, flexibile
invert, to revoke
schimbÃtor,
terms, commands,
retract, substitute,
changeable
alternate,
(Romanian)
interchange, replace joustava, flexible
one another, to be
vaihteleva,
revoked, ewû, to
changeable (Finnishchange, turn into,
Uralic)
inû, changed,
ÌÍ-™€Ê¯ Ë, éfkamptos,
flexible, €Ì¯™•Ú˜¯óË,
metavlitós, changeable
(Greek)
ÿÒ…†“, chkun, flexible,
\…\…^ŠÒŠ“,
p’vop’vokhakan,
changeable (Armenian)
elastik, flexible, te
ndryshosh, to change
(Albanian)
x
ta$yir kardan, ©··%Ø
µÂ©+ to change,
vary, alter, be
flexible (Persian)
flecto, flectere,
flexi, flexum
aldatu, to change, modify,
vary, switch, exchange,
trukatu, exchange, barter,
change, malguak, flexible,
versatile (Basque)
a bheith solúbtha, to be
flexible, solúbtha,
flexible, inathraithe,
changeable (Irish)
s`bailte, flexible,
atharrachadh,
changeable (Scott)
hyblyg, flexible,
newidadwy, changeable
(Welsh)
flessibile, flexibile,
variabile, changeable
(Italian)
flexible, flexible,
changeable, (French)
to change,
alter, bend,
be flexible
flics, Script AL-17
4-43
ttmiomah, (dmiumah),
damiummahh, to
change (Hittite)
nak ru, to change
one's mind, change
course, to become
estranged, refuse a
request, discard,
etc., labku, flexible
(said of a bow),
moist, fresh (said of
bread, of plaster),
etc., šupêlu, to
change, to exchange
property, to alter,
replace, šanû, to
change, change
one's mind, mood,
drive someone
insane, etc., t ru,
to change one's
mind, return,
refujse, give back,
etc. (Akkadian)
x
Dionysus, |ÛÓ·¸Û Â,
(Persian)
,
Dionise, Dionysus
(Georgian)
~ • ,
Dyjanis, Dionysus
(Belarusian)
Dioniz, Dionysus
(Croatian)
Dionisus (Latvian)
Dionis, Dionysus
(Romanian)
Dionysos (FinnishUralic)
•° ¤Í—° Ë, Dionýsios,
Dionysus Greek)
, Dionisus
(Armenian)
Dionysus (Albanian)
x
x
x
Dionysus
foen / faenus
(fenus (-oris)
Dionysus (Irish)
Dionysus (Scott)
Dionysws (Welsh)
Dioniso, Dionysus,
(Italian)
Dionysos (French)
Flufluns,
Etruscan
name of
Dionysus
x
interest on
money, debt,
indebtedness
Flofluns (FLVFLVNS)
Script SF-2
FOFLVNS
(8V8LVNS), Script
CD-3
4-44
foinesois, Script XJ-16
4-45
karnata, kukura,
of a people,
samgha, band,
company,
crowd;
janasa marda ,
crowd, men
pressed together
without order,
throng of
people, crowd,
janarnava,
crowd, literally
dah'yunãm [dah'yu]
country, people
(Avestan)
hamegâni, adj.,
public, goruh,
crowd, mob,
population, crowd,
fesar dâdan, to
crowd, bashar,
, nato p,
crowd,
, liudzi,
people,
,
hramadzianin, citizen
(Belarusian)
gužva, crowd, narod,
ljudi, people,
gra anin, citizen,
burgher (Croatian)
pchac sie, tloczyc sie,
tlum, crowd, ludzie,
€•‚q ƒ, plithos,
synostismos, synostizo,
crowd, „ € •…†‡ƒ, oi
polítes, citizens,
ˆ‰qŠ‹€ „, Anthropoi,
•Œóƒ, laós, people (Greek)
•Ž• • , ambokhin,
crowd, ‘ ’ “ ”•,
Zhoghovurd, people,
–•’•–•— , k˜aghak˜ats˜i,
citizen, civilian
vulgus (volgus)
-i, crowd, gens,
gentis, clan,
family, stock,
race, tribe,
people, nation,
descendant,
populus-i,
people,
homo-inis,
human being,
slua, crowd, daoine,
people, saoránach,
citizen (Irish)
sluagh, crowd, daoine,
people, saoranach,
citizen (Scott)
crwth (crythau),
crowd, fiddle, purring,
hump; torf (eydd, oedd),
crowd, multitude, pobl,
people, dinesydd, citizen
(Welsh)
folla, crowd, persone,
crowd, the
public, mass,
crowd [<OE
crüdan],
group
[<Ital.
gruppo, of
Gmc. origin]
people [<Lat.
populus-i],
men, man,
mankind,
people, etc.
fol, ful (FVL),
Script L25
See also: popla
(POPvLA), Script
XA-22
popolo (PVPvLV),
Script N11, N41,
N404
popolom
(PVPvLVM),
Script N100
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a sea of men, a
caravan; gana,
troop, crowd,
host, tribe, suit,
retinue, flock,
number, series,
line; a troop
deity, paurah,
citizen, niv™sin,
citizen, dweller
mankind, mardom,
š› œ Ÿ• people, ensan,
¡¢£¤ human, š›œ Ÿ• ,
xisân, mellat, ¥¦Ÿ
nation, ommat, ¥Ÿ¤
people, nation,
sharvand, §£ ¨©
citizen (Persian)
, eria, crowd,
, khalkhi,
people,
,
mokalake, citizen
(Georgian)
dak ku, crowd, to
crowd about, romp,
pu urtu, crowd,
throng, ammu,
people?, etebranni,
ammu, people,
am l tu, people,
human being,
somebody, anybody,
mankind, the human
species, mu’irtu,
people, population,
subjects, ten šu,
mankind, people,
niš tu, people,
relatives, family,
niš , people, human
beings, mankind,
workmen, soldiers,
inhabitants,
population, subjects,
etc. (Akkadian)
agniparvata,
fire mountain,
™gneyagiri ,
volcano
yasti; stick,
club,
k™´µa, stem,
da´µa , stock,
handle
kuhe âtasfesân,
volcano (Persian)
,
vulk˜anis, volcano
(Georgian)
¶ub, ·¸¹ bat, stick,
shaft, stave, sa¯h,
º»¡¼ stem, stalk, tige
(Persian)
,
sapondo, stock,
,
gherovani, stem,
, najakhi,
axe (Georgian)
gišginû, stick, a
heavy stick used as
a weapon, bat or
cudgel?, timmu,
pole, stake, column,
irru, stake, peg,
giškallu, a strong
stick, kisittu, stem
of a horn, lineage,
family, wood
shavings, trunk of a
tree, stump in exta,
libbu, stick, also
heart, offshoot, bud,
leaf, of the date
palm, womb, a type
of document, etc.,
pith of plants, inside
(or inner part) of a
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people, obywatel,
citizen (Polish)
pªlis, crowd, cilv«ki,
people, tauta, nation,
folk, country,
populace, pilsonis,
citizen (Latvian)
mul¬imea, crowd,
cet-®eni, citizen,
national, denizen,
oameni, people, om,
man, popor,
POPORUL, people,
nation, folk,
persoane, people
(Romanian)
väkijoukko, crowd,
ihmiset, people,
kansalainen, citizen,
national, subject
(Finnish-Uralic)
(Armenian)
grumbull, njerëzish,
turmë, crowd, grup,
popull, njerëz, people,
¯ytetar, citizen, freeman,
townsman (Albanian)
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man, people
jendetza, crowd, jende,
people, folk, populazio,
population, herritar, hiritar,
citizen (Bas¯ue)
gente, popolo, people,
cittadina-o, citizen
(Italian)
foule, crowd, personnes,
gens, peuple, people,
citoyenne, citoyen,
citizen (French)
istamin, family,
(Lydian)
¯uezmmi, Kezm,
people (Lycian)
[<OE],
citizen,
{OFr.,
citeain],
inheriter,
{<LLat.,
inhereditare],
person who
possesses
property
through
gens],
4-46
krop, [B krewpe,
kraupe] crowd,
okrop (adv.), in a crowd
(Tocharian)
kalutiie/a, group, to
treat as a group,
udniant, people,
population, udniant,
people, population,
ndohs/nduahas,
antuwahhas, human
being, person ( (Hittite)
°± ² , vulkan,
volcano (Belarusian)
vulkan, volcano
(Croatian)
vulk™ns, volcano
(Latvian)
vulcan, volcano
(Romanian)
tulivuori, volcano
(Finnish-Uralic)
ifaisteio, volcano
(Greek)
³”•• •, hrabukh,
volcano (Armenian)
vullkan, volcano
(Albanian)
²½¾ , akcyi, stock,
¿½ À , sciablo, stem,
° , val, shaft
(Belarusian)
zaliha, stock,
stabljika, stem,
vratilo, shaft
(Croatian)
kr™jum, stock, sk™ts,
stem, v™rpsta, shaft
(Latvian)
stoc, stock, tij-, stem,
ax, shaft (Romanian)
kalusto, stock, varsi,
stem, akseli, shaft
(Finnish-Uralic)
Á† Â, stok, ÃÄ ‰Œƒ áxonas, fustis-is, club
shaft, Á†Å•‡Æ ƒ, stélechos,
stem, (Greek)
•• Ž, bkhum, stem,
Ç ÈÉ, liserr, shaft,
••Ê ÈË Ž È”,
bazhnetomser, stock
(Armenian)
buron, stem, aksioneve,
stock (Albanian)
adar, branch, horn,
langileak, staff, ardatz,
shaft, axle, axis, makila,
stick, club, zutoin, pole,
masta, mast, haga, stick,
bar, maza, mace
(Bas¯ue)
Volcanus
[Vulc]-i
bolcán, volcano (Irish)
bholcàno, volcano
(Scott)
llosgfyndd (oedd),
volcano (Welsh)
vulcano (Italian)
volcan, volcano
(French)
Vulcan, god
of fire?
seafta, shaft, stoc, stock,
gas, stem (Irish)
chas, shaft, stoc, stock,
giùlan, stem (Scott)
siafft, shaft, stoc, stock,
cas, stem (Welsh)
fusto, stem, albero, shaft
(Italian)
fut, stock (fusile) arbre,
shaft, tronc, trunk, tige,
stem (French)
foen / faenus
(fenus(-oris)
stock, [<OE
stocc, tree
trunk] trunk,
shaft, bat
[<OE batt],
axel [<OE
eaxl]
folc, fulc (FVLC)
Script Z1265
4-47
fost (8VST), Script
N63, Q294, R23, R80,
R133, XA-29
4-48
karke [B kar™k*] small
branch (Tocharian)
(pa in) (?), stick
(Hittite)
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building, etc.,
nam aru, stick, a
wooden stick or
mace with stones
affixed to it, sword,
ma rû, stick or
pole, nam arû
shaft of a wagon, a
poisonous plant,
kakku, shaft,
standard with divine
symbol, sign
predicting certain
events, barb, attack,
weapon (metaphor
for military strength
and aggressiveness),
a specific,
individually used
weapon, warfare,
troops, tool, thorn, a
formation of the
exta, u ru, stick,
sacred staff , a u,
stick, scepter, staff,
branch, twig, shelf
(Akkadian)
gulma , bush,
bhu´Ìa, bush,
ulapa, shrub,
bush; kuJja,
bush, bower;
viTapa, branch,
twig, bush
²±¿ , kust, bush
(Belarusian)
bute,
bush,
grm, bush (Croatian)
· krzak, tuleja,
anbuh, byarh,
bush, vine (Persian) tulejka, bush
, buchki, bush (Polish)
(Georgian)
krªms, bush (Latvian)
tufiÍ, bush
abru, brush pile,
FRATA, a village in
ilbu, brush,
Romania (Romanian)
woodland
Puska, bush (Finnish(Akkadian)
Uralic)
thamnos, bush
(Greek)
• ÎÏ, bushy, bush
(Armenian)
kacubë, shkurre, bush,
ferrëku¯e, shkorret, pyll,
drizash, bush (Albanian)
frutex-icis
llwyn-i, grove,
bush; perth-i, bush,
hedge (Welsh)
fratta, brush (Italian)
fourré, buisson, bush,
arbust, brousse
(French)
bush [<ME
bush], brush
[<OFr.
brosse]?
frata, brata (8RATA),
Script
R212
frati, brati (BRATI)
XE-1
4-49
bràthair, pl. bràithrean,
bràthaireil, brother
(Irish)
bràthair, brother (Scott)
brawd (brodyr), brother
(Welsh)
breur, breudeur, brother
(Breton)
fratello, brother (Italian)
frère, brother (French)
barâdar, Ðœ¤ brother
(Persian)
, dzma, brother,
, dzmebi,
brothers (Georgian)
Ñ«n(-a), brother
(Hurrian)
bhratar,
bhraatr^i
bhraataH
š lu, brother,
a
tu, brotherly
relationship,
at nu, brotherin-law, son-in-law,
bridegroom, relative
by marriage,
salsaja, brother or
son, third in age,
ta mu, close or
beloved brother ,
šešgallu, elder
brother, a priest,
t ’amu, twin
brother, twin sister,
double object, twin
(Akkadian)
brat (Serbo
Croatian)
brat (Polish)
brat (Belarus)
brat, brother (Polish)
brate, brother;
bratrikai, brothers
(Baltic-Sudovian)
brolis, brother
(Lithuanian)
br™lis, brother
(Latvian)
FRATE, brother
FRAÒI, brothers
(Romanian)
Finnish-Uralic, veli,
brother
ŒÓ‡•Ôóƒ, adelfós,
ŒÓ‡ŠÔóƒ, aderfós, brother,
ÔŠÕ†‚Š, phr™tÖr, brother
Greek)
W-yeghpatr;
E-aghper, brother
(Armenian)
vëlla, brother (Albanian)
anaia, neba, brother
(Bas¯ue)anaia
frater-tris,
fratres,
fraternitas-atis,
fraternus-a-um
bra' (Illyrian)
pracar, brother
(Tocharian)
brafrer, member of
a commune, (Lydian)
n×ne/i-: brother,
epñn×ne/i-, younger
brother (Lycian)
nanahit, brotherhood
(Luvian)
šes, SEŠ, ŠEŠ, brother,
nekna, nene/i, brother,
neknadr/neknan,
brotherhood, neknahh,
brotherly, to regard
someone as a brother,
neknah, brother, to
make someone a
brother, nani(a), of a
brother, pranekna ,
half-brother,
step-brother?
brother [<OE
brothor]
4-50
brater (8RATER),
Script R-1, R100,
R156, MS14
FRATeR, BRATeR,
(8RATeR),
Script R159. R167, G-5
BRATRO (8RATRV),
Script. Q243, Q294,
R80, R180, R565, G16
BRATROM
(8RATRVM),
Script Q320
BRATROS,
(8RATRVS),
Script Q424, Q468,
Q522, Q551, R229;
See Note 3)
DUMU.MUNUS, brother
(Hittite)
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™bhØkÙ´a,
fre¯uent
far ™v ™n. fre¯uent
(Persian)
,
khshiria, fre¯uent
(Georgian)
Ú ¿ ¾, ¶asty, fre¯uent
(Belarusian)
¶est, fre¯uent
(Croatian)
czÛsty, fre¯uent
(Polish)
bieži, fre¯uent
(Latvian)
frecvent, fre¯uent
(Romanian)
tiheä, fre¯uent
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
x
gotra, family,
race, j™ti , race,
kind
cithra [-] (Avestan)
dudmân, zand,
§£ tribe, nežâd, œ¤æ£
bloodline, descent,
race, phylum,
mosâbe¯e, race;
xândân, ¤§£¡ç clan,
daste, clan (Persian)
, rasis, race
(Georgian)
l mu, clan, family,
ibru, clan, tribe,
illatu, kinship
group, confederates,
cli¯ue, cohorts,
crew, army, host,
troops (of the
enemy), donkey
caravan of
commerce,
collegium, pack of
dogs (Akkadian)
prahati, stroke,
throw; prAsa,
cast, throw;
spear; vap,
vapati, -te, to
strew, scatter,
esp. seed, throw
or cast dice, as,
asyati, to throw,
cast, shoot at,
throw away,
hurl
andâxtan,
afkandan, part
kardan, to throw
(Persian)
,
gadagdeba, to throw,
,
mitsemuli, to cast
(Georgian)
nadû, throw out a
corpse, throw away,
discard, to cast a
net, launch a boat,
erect, etc., dar su,
to be thrown down,
throw over or back
(Akkadian)
setabar, tahmtan,
ghaTotkaca, of a ¯ul, adj., ghul, õ¸ö
myth; giant
giant (Persian)
x
² , honki, race,
ê , pliemia, tribe
(Belarusian)
utrka, race, pleme,
tribe (Croatian)
pleme, rasa, tribe
(Serbo-Croatian)
bieg, brac udzial,
pedzic, rasa, scigac
sie,
wyscig, wyscigi
konne (Polish)
rasa, (Belarus)
vaisis, clan, the
community; kiltis,
tribe (Baltic
Sudovian)
rase, race, cilts, tribe
(Latvian)
ras-, race, trib, tribe
(Romanain)
rotu, race, heimo,
tribe (Finnish-Uralic)
ÁÜƉÃÝ‹,
sychnázo, free¯uent
(Greek)
³•Þ•••ß , hachakhaki,
fre¯uent (Armenian)
i shpeshtë,fre¯uent
(Albanian)
x
ÔÜ•‚, fyli, ÁÜì쇉‡…ƒ,
syngeneís, kin, Œìƒ,
agónas, race (Greek)
Ž”—•“•ï–, mrts˜avazk˜,
race, ßÇ• , klan, clan,
•ïð•ß• , azgakan, kin
(Armenian)
fis, klan, race, garë, race
(Albanian)
² ±½ò, kinuô, to
throw, cast
(Belarusian)
baciti, to throw
(Croatian)
rzucac, rzut,
threw, throw
(Polish)
kidac, v. imp.,
kinuc, v. perf. to
throw (Belarus) mest,
to throw, nodot, to
cast
(Latvian)
a arunca, to throw,
cast (Romanian)
heittää, to throw
(Finnish-Uralic)
‰Œ €‡†ÃÄ Ü‰, na petáxoun,
to throw, richno, riximo,
boli, throw; pyrobolo,
kynigi, blastos,
shoot; richno, peto, toss
(Greek)
ÈËÈÇ, netel, to throw
(Armenian)
të hedh, to throw, flak, to
heave, gjuaj, to shoot,
vërvit, vërvis, to fling, jap,
give, plandos, throw, ngec,
to flounder (Albanian)
, hihant, giant
(Belarusian)
gigantski, giant
ì…쌉†Œƒ, gígantas, giant
(Greek)
³ ß• , hskan, giant
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.2.html
fre¯uens-entis
go minic, fre¯uent
(Irish)
gu tric, fre¯uent (Scott)
yn aml, fre¯uent
(Welsh)
fre¯uente, fre¯uent
(Italian)
fré¯uent, fre¯uent
(French)
x
x
gens, gentis
genus -eris,
race; tribus-us,
clan; filulm-i,
thread, a
woolen fillet;
transf. form,
shape; of
speech or
writing:
texture, thread
cine, race (Irish)
rèis, race, cinneach
nation, cinneadh,
clan, tribe, kin;
cinn, va. grow, incease,
gin, va. beget; gineal,
offspring,
race, breed; linn,
generation, age, race,
family (Scott)
cenedi, hil-iau, race,
lineage, offspring;
(Welsh)
razza , tribu, clan
(Italian)
race, clan, clan (French)
istamin, family,
(Lydian)
¯uezMmi, KezM,
people (Lycian)
cin, a kind (Phrygian)
hasmi, kin, kinship
(Hittite)
iacio-iacere, to
throw;
iacio, iacere,
ieci, iactum, to
throw;
Getaie-arum,
Thracians
Caith, to throw, (Irish)
a thilgeil, to throw, tilg,
va. to throw out,
vomit (Scott)
taflu, to throw, ergydio,
to strike, rap, throw, cast
(Welsh)
gettare, to throw
(Italian)
jeter, to throw (French)
p«ssiya-> pesiezi,
ªssiezzi, to throw,
siya-> shoot, hurl
(Hittite)
fre¯uent?
[<Lat.
fre¯uens,
numerous]
4-51
ga, Script N590,
suffix å value
N711, Q784
to be
gam, Script N676
determined
ge, Script N31;
gia, Script Q763,
4-52
R426, R474
race [<Fr.
race],
tribe, kin,
clan
[<Sc. Gael.,
clan]
fathach, giant (Irish)
fuamhaire, giant (Scott)
cawr (cewri), giant
gerve,(bER8E), Script
N268, N304, N324
gerviie (bER8IIE),
Script N304, N324
gers (bERS), Script
R160, R349
4-53
to throw,
[<OE
thrawan] cast,
fling, toss,
shoot?The
Getae-arum,
a people of
Thrace living
near the
Danube, the
Thracians?
4-54
Gigas-ganas, a
giant
frekun (FREKYN),
Script XB-27
geta (bETA) Script
Q767, Q795, Q805
getom, getum,
(bETVM), N74
Note: This word
appears to be a noun
(geta-getum)
iak, Script K174,
TC143
IACeR, Script M67
iakoi, iakui (IAKVI),
Script L-54
name, Gice, a
gice (bICE), Script Q95
giant [<Gk.
gigas]?
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Indo-European Table with Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
23 of 41
, gigant’i,
giant (Georgian)
g šranu, giant
(Akkadian)
zam [-]zå, zem,
earth, land, ground,
barethrishva
[barethri] mother,
(female that bears
children) in the
womb (Avestan)
khâk,
earth,
dust, clod, soil,
zamin,
earth,
country,dirt, land,
property, region
(Persian) earth,
land, ground,
barethrishva
[barethri] mother,
(female that bears
children) in the
womb (Avestan)
khâk
,
dedamits’a, earth
(Georgian)
acal , mah ,
earth, P thv
M t "Mother
Earth,” bh mi ,
earth
qi(u)ra-, earth,
q wr- , q r(Urartian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.2.html
(Croatian)
milzis, giant (Latvian)
gigantyczny, giant
(Armenian)
(Polish)
milzis, giant (Latvian) gjigant, vigan, giant,
(Albanian)
gigant, giant
(Romanian)
, ziamlia, earth
(Belarusian)
Zemlja, earth
(Croatian)
zeme, earth (Latvian)
GLIE, earth, land,
p mântul Zei , earth
goddess, P mânt,
earth (Romanian)
maa, earth (FinnishUralic)
Gaea or Ge, earth, goddess
of the earth. (Greek)
, yerkiry, earth
(Armenian)
tokë, earth (Albanian)
(Welsh)
gigante, adj. giant
(Italian)
géant, giant
(French)
Used in the
context,
"Gice he
loved of
yours."
4-55
terra-ae or
tellus-uris,
earth,soil, land,
a country,
region, the
world
Tellus Mater,
or later, Terra
Mater, Roman
Mother
goddess
eše, earth, place,
kawr-, awr-, earth,
land (Hurrian)
talamh, earth, diabhia
domhain, earth goddess,
máthair domhain..
(Irish)
talamh, earth, Ban-dia,
earth goddess, màthair
talamh, mother earth
(Scott)
ddaear, earth, dduwies
daear, earth goddess,
mam ddaear, mother
earth. (Welsh)
terra, earth (Italian)
terre, earth (French)
tka k , earth and
atmosphere (Tocharian)
purut> mud, soil, earth,
t kan, earth, KI, earth,
world (Hittite)
name, Gaea
or Ge, the
earth and the
goddess of
the earth. Ge,
together with
Tartarus and
Eros were
born from
Chaos. Earth
[OE eorthe).
Dindymene,
name of
Cybele,
mother
goddess from
Mt.
Dindymus
Giie, Script R13
4-56
ki ru, earth, sacred
place, er etu, the
earth in a cosmic
sense, pu,
dark-colored earth
used as dye
(Akkadian)
dhAya, layer;
pralayana ,
layer,
bed; stara,
stratum, layer;
caya, layer,
heap, pile, wall;
troop,
multitude,
collection; cita,
adj., covered,
strewn with
(instr. or ---);
{A} layer, pile
of wood, esp.
funeral pile,
building
derâz kešidán,
€• ‚ƒ to lie down,
recline, stretch,
j , location,
emplacement,
position, site,
sitting, stand, hâl,
vaz', astân,situation,
lâye, cine, layer
(Persian)
, pena, layer,
,
gantavseba, place,
, dats’ola,
to lie flat (Georgian)
naparqudu , to lie
against something,
to lie flat, n lu , to
lie down again and
„ …†‡, plast, layer,
ˆ‰Š‹ Œ… •Ž•…•‰,
by‘ razmieš“any, to
be situated, • –†—Š‹,
chlusi‘, to lie, ˜™…›,
ložak, bed
(Belarusian)
lagati, to lie, krevet,
bed (Croatian)
polozony, sytuowany,
umieszcony,
situated (Polish)
ZACE, to lie, be
situated (Romanian)
sijaita, to be situated,
lie, be set, be seated
(Finnish-Uralic)
œ• Ÿ ¡¢£¤¥•¦, na vrísketai,
to be situated, §•¨©ªœ«,
xaplóno, to lie, to lie down
(Greek)
¬ - , sherty, layer,
®-¯° ±²³ °´µ , gtnvelu
vayry, to be situated,
¶´· ±, khabel, to lie
(Armenian)
faque, shtresë, shtrat,
shënues [usht.], layer,
shtrihem, to lie, lie down,
vendos, ngre, to be situated
(Albanian)
etzateko, to lie down,
kokatuta egoteko, to be
situated (Basque)
kokatuta egoteko
iacio, iacere,
iacui, to lie, be
situated, to lie
low, be flat, to
lie sick or
overthrown or
killed; of hair
or clothes, to
hang loosely;
fig. to be
neglected,
despised,
overthrown,
dejected
Cocgis Tities,
name of a
person? One of
the three
original tribes
of Rome
a bheith suite, to be
situated, ciseal, layer
(Irish)
a bhith suidhichte, to be
situated, sreath, layer
(Scott)
haen-au, layer,
stratum, seam (Welsh)
giaciglio, bed, cot;
giacimento, layer, bed;
giacere, to lie, be
situated, to find oneself
situare, to situate
(Italian)
gisement, bed, layer;
vein [mineral],
bearing [naut.]; situer, to
situate, couche, layer,
lit, bed (French)
to lie, [<OE
licgan], be
situated,
to lie low, be
flat,or lie sick
or
overthrown,
layer [<ME
leier, one
who lays
stones]?
chine [<OFr.
eschine, ridge
or crest],
stratum;
posssibly a
name Cucgis
Tities; the
Tities-ium
were one of
the three
gis, (CVCbIS) Script
N453;
Context: "coc (cvc) gis
Titis te teies este..."
CVCGIS, unknown
word
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Indo-European Table with Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.2.html
again, to make
someone lie down,
to lay flat, to lay out
for burial, to lay in a
grave, bury, to
preserve in salt or
sand, ašbu , present,
tenant, living in a
house, inhabitant of
town, it lu, to lie
down, ut lu, lie
down, to sleep
(Akkadian)
kahrobâ, ¹º»ƒ amber
(Persian)
, karva, amber
(Georgian)
tailaspha¸ika ,
amber
šamšer, º ‚ÄÅ
blade, sabre, sword,
falchion, tigh, Æ Ç
sword, neyze, spear
(Persian)
, khmali,
sword,
, dana,
knife (Georgian)
asih, sword,
knife; khaÁga ,
nam aru, sword,
a wooden stick or
mace with stones
affixed to it,
nirstri a ,
sword, scimitar, mašra u, knife,
mašlatu, knife for
cutting reeds,
tarivara, sword, masdaru, a knife,
dhara, sword
egataktu, a kind of
blade;
knife, lu û,
marqantu, a
zastrabhrt,
dagger, nungullû,
adj., bearing a
sword, warrior, cutlass, šuršurru,
knife or part of a
taka, stem,
knife, patarru,
shoot, arah,
knife or a sharp
arrow,
tool, patru, knife,
iÃu , arrow
dagger, sword,
naglabu, razor,
barber's knife,
na ba u, butcher
knife, slaughtering
block, naplaqu,
naplaqtu,
butchering knife,
(Akkadian)
atiøh , to be at
the head of,
govern,
sti, pra-,to
rule, govern
24 of 41
xshi, can (ahm)
govern, to rule
(Avestan)
edâre kardán, Í
€ ºƒ to govern,
administer, handle,
manage, organize
(Persian)
,
martavs, govern,
, marto, to
ki, to lie (Palaic)
tsi, to lie (Luvian)
si, to lie (Lycian)
ki->, lie, to set, be in
place, kitta, to lie, as in
original tribes
at Rome
a bed, lak/lag, to lie
down, to make lie down
4-57
(Hittite)
ˆ–ŒŽ‡‰•…¼‰,
burštynavy, amber
(Belarusian)
jantar, amber
(Croatian)
… ˆ•Œ, amber, amber
(Serbian)
bursztyn, amber
(Polish)
gintaras, amber
(Lithuanian)
dzintars, amber
(Latvian)
chihlimbar, amber
(Romanian)
keltainen, amber
(Finnish-Uralic)
••, mie“, sword,
•˜™, nož, knife
(Belarusian)
ma“, sword, nož,
knife, slice (Croatian)
miecz, szabla,
sword, nóÈ, knife,
blade, cutter (Polish)
zobens, sword, nazis,
knife, carving knife
(Latvian)
sabie, sword, cuÉit,
knife, chisel
(Romanian)
miekka, sword, veitsi,
knife (Finnish-Uralic)
£¤ ¦½¨¾ ¦, kechrimpári,
amber (Greek)
¿´À, sat’, amber
(Armenian)
qelibar, amber, (Albanian)
¢¨•Ê¡, spathí, sword,
½• •¡ ¦, machaíri, knife
(Greek)
¿²³ , sury, sword,
Ë´¯´ ²°, danakov, knife,
carver (Armenian)
jatagan, shpatë,
pallë, sword, thikë, knife,
sharp, abrupt (Albanian)
glaesum[glesum]-i
gladius-i,
sword,
culter-ri, knife,
razor,
cultelles-i,
small knife
ómra, amber (Irish)
amber? amber (Scott)
gwefr, amber (Welsh)
ambra, amber (Italian)
ambre, amber (French)
claíomh, sword, scian,
knife (Irish)
claidheamh, sword,
sgian, knife (Scott)
cleddf-au (cledd,
cleddau), sword, brace;
glaif (gleifiau), glaive,
lance, sword, cyllell,
knife (Welsh)
spada, sword, coltello,
knife, blade, cutter
(Italian)
épée, sword, tic, tige,
stem, shoot, trunk,
couteau, knife, chopper
(French)
k ur, knife, cutting,
k ur i, of a knife,
cutting (Tocharian)
ezpata, sword, labana,
aizto, knife (Basque)
GÍR, knife, dagger,
amber [<Ar.
'anbar]?
glas, Script Q543
4-58
sword [<OE
sweord],
knife [<OE
cnif], cutlass,
a short, heavy
sword with
curved blade
[<Lat.
cultellus,
dim. of
culter, knife],
cutlery,
cutting
instruments
and tools
[<OFr.
coutel, knife]
glatau, glatab
(bLATA8),
Script Q821
See also TIK, S-48<
TIKAM, R286
TIC, AF13,
TICNeR, Z1359
TIGA (TIbA), Q121
TIGE (TIbE), R339
TIGI (TIbI), R359
TIGLO (TIbLV), Q213,
Q442, Q460
TIKAM, R286
4-59
ÌUKUR, spear (Hittite)
„Œ…¼—Š‹, pravi‘,
govern (Belarusian)
upravljati, to govern
(Croatian)
rzÎdzi‘, to govern
(Polish)
GUVERN, guverna,
to govern (Romanian)
hallita, govern
(Finnish-Uralic)
£ÏŸ¤ œª, kyvernó, govern
(Greek)
´Ð´°´ ²³Ñ,
karravarum, govern
(Armenian)
qeveris, govern (Albanian)
guberno-are,
govern
rialaíonn, govern (Irish)
riaghladh, govern
(Scott)
llywodraethu, govern
(Welsh)
governare, govern
(Italian)
gouverne, govern
(French)
govern,
goverm (bVFERM),
[<Latin
Script ?
gubernare],
govern,
governor, to
steer a ship,
to steer,
direct, govern
4-60
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Indo-European Table with Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.2.html
tbar, govern, to rule,
tbaraman, governing,
ruling, tbariala/i,
governer, tbariala,
governer, to be
governer (Luvian)
mniahae, govern,
administer, be in charge
of, mniahai,
government,
administrative district
(Hittite)
govern (Georgian)
amumm=i=kk=onni,
adminstrator
(Hurrian)
âru, govern, rule,
oppose, attack, send
a message, to go,
advance, turn
against person,
confront, order,
šakn tu, to rule as
governor, pi at tu,
to be governor
(Akkadian)
van (vA),
vanoti,
vanute, vanati
(vanati), -te
{vanita], like,
love, wish,
desire, aim at,
get, obtain,
acquire, win,
conquer, dispose
of, possess,
enjoy; vid,
vindati, -te,
meet with, get,
obtain, visit,
befall, have,
possess, find out
for, procure,
look for, take to
wife, be found,
be there, exist,
be present;
anv vi , to
enter, possess,
occupy, follow,
act according to
,
vas, vasati, -te,
to stay in a
place, dwell,
lodge,
confine in, stop,
detain, keep,
support, occupy,
inhabit, dwell
over night,
make a halt;
tiøhati, to
remain,
apray Õaka,
halt (on a
journey)
apray Õaka
25 of 41
dâstan, ÒÅ to have,
vâdâr
kardan, nâgozir
budan, to have
negâh dâstan,
jelowgiri kardan, to
keep (Persian)
, akvs, to have
(Georgian) akvs
negah dâštan, Ö×Ø
ÒÅ to hold, to
stop, restrain,
istâdan, € ÒÙÚ to
stop, halt, abide,
stay nahâdan,
to put; ist kardan,
to halt (Persian)
,
shechereba, to stop,
halt (Georgian)
naÛÛ- to sit down; to
set, to place
(Hurrian)
naparkû, to stop,
cease doing
something, to end,
to cease, to leave, to
remain, to stay
behind, to put an
end to,
kalû, to
stop, stop
repeatedly, refuse,
bring to an end, to
be finished, to be
delayed, etc.
(Akkadian)
•Š‹, mie‘, to have
(Belarusian)
imati, to have
(Croatian)
imati, morati,
trebati (Serbo
Croatian)
had, miec, posiadac,
have (Polish)
music, v. imp.,
must, have; miec, v.
imp. (Belarus)
pieder t, to have
(Latvian)
a avea, to have
(Romanian)
olla, to have (FinnishUralic)
›…ˆ †„‰•—Š‹, kab
spyni‘, to halt, stop
(Belarusian)
zaustaviti, to stop,
halt (Croatian)
zatrzyma‘, stop,
postój, halt (Polish)
apst ties, to halt, stop
(Latvian)
s opreasc , to halt,
stop, oprire, to halt,
HALT (Romanian)
pysähtyä, to stop, halt
(Finnish-Uralic)
œ• Ó «, na écho, to have
(Greek)
²³¯ ¯´±, unenal, to have
(Armenian)
habeo-ere
të kesh, to have kam,
mbaj, lind
to bear, kap, to grab,
pohoj, to affirm (Albanian)
a bheith acu, to have
(Irish)
Ri bhith faighinn, to
have (Scott)
i gael, to have, cael
(caffael), to have,
receive, get, find,
acquire, obtain, procure;
meddu, to possess, own,
have, enjoy, occup
(Welsh)
eus, 'peus, o deus
(Breton)
avere, to have (Italian)
avoir, to have (French)
ha, Script Z122, Z214,
Z1310, Z1326, Q232,
K135, OM-7
he, Script Z421, Z522,
Z681, Z1352, Z1623,
Z1641, K113, K129
to have [<OE Au-5, F-8
habban], keep hia, Script Z606, Z614,
[<OE cepan], Z622
impart; lend
ho, hu (HV) Script
[<OE
Z64, Z591, Z805,
lÔnen]
K86, M32, AM-1
hus, hos (HVS),
4-61
Script Z64
hus, see hus below
hark, to have (Hittite)
œ• ¢¥•½•¥Ü¢¤¦, na
stamatísei, to halt (Greek)
Ë´Ë´ ݯ ±²³ Þ´Ñ´ ,
dadarets’nelu hamar, to
halt, ´¯®¯ ±, kangnel, to
stop (Armenian)
të ndalosh, to stop, halt,
qëndrim, halt; vendos, fut,
vë, put, lë, caktoj, shtie,
ngul, shkaktoj, paraqes, to
put (Albanian)
a stopadh, to halt (Irish)
a stad, to stop (Scott)
i atal, to halt, sefyll, to
stand, stop, halt, pose
(Welsh)
fermare, to halt, alt,
interj. alt, halt!
(Italian)
faire halte, to halt, étape,
stage, halting
pono, ponere,
stop [<LLat.
place (French)
posui [posivi]
stuppare, to
positum, to
stop with a
ra[B
ra-],
cease,
lay, put, place,
stop, to make an end to, tow, <Gk,
set]
rlune*, stopping,
stupp , tow]
claudico-are, to ceasing (Tocharian)
halt [<Ger.
limp, to halt,
halt, to stop],
stop prohibere,
station, stay?
to stop, Stabit, tsini/tsin, stop to finish,
halt stuppare,
to be ready with, to
4-62
to stop.
destroy, to go to the
end, rae, stop, to rein
in, to overpower,
istappuliie/a, stopper,
to use as a stopper,
istapuli, stopper, plug,
lid, cover, istapulie/a,
stopper, nnutsiant,
adj., halted (Hittite)
See AFIL (Part 1) for
more on "to have."
halt, Script Z583,
Z1282?
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baDiza, hook,
esp. fish-hook;
biliza, fishing
hook or bait;
aGka, hook,
bend, flank of
the body, mark,
sign; aGkuza,
hook, esp. for
driving an
elephant
›Œ–›, kruk, hook,
Œ‰ˆ… ˜ß•‰ ›Œ–•˜›,
rybaloãny kru“ok,
fishook (Belarusian)
kuka, hook, udica za
ribu, fishook
cangak, hook
(Croatian)
(Persian)
haczyk, hak,
, tevzi,
nalozycna hak,
fishhook (Georgian) zahaczyc, hook
(Polish)
mazlagu, hook or a
æis, hook, zivju æis,
fork, nasru, hook or
fishook (Latvian)
a peg (Akkadian)
cârlig, hook, cârlig de
undi , fishook
(Romanian)
koukku, hook,
ongenkoukku, fishook
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
x
x
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.2.html
¾ç£¦¢¥ ˜, agkístro hook,
•ç£¡¢¥ ¦, agkístri,
fishhook (Greek)
² ¿´±, vorsal, hook, è ´¯
´ À, dzkan kart’,
fishook (Armenian)
cengel, kanxhë,
fiksohem, hook, grep
peshkimi, fishhook, grep,
gremc, kurth, grackë,
drapër, togëz, dredhë,
crimp, kapje, hook,
(Albanian)
hamus-i, a
hook, esp. a
fish-hook, a
talon, a thorn;
ferrum-i, made
of iron
ferus-a-um,
wild,
uncivilized,
rough, cruel,
wild animal.
hook [<OE
crúsca éisc, fishhook
hoc]? talon?
(Irish)
î prefix to a
dubhan, hook, iasg-êisg, name?
fishook (Scott)
i.e.,
bachyn, hook, bachyn
Hampheris =
pysgo, fishhook, taclasp, Amphiaraüs?
hinge, nook, corner,
an Argive
bend; (Welsh)
seer and
amo, hook, amo da
warrior, the
pesca, fishook (Italian)
great diviner
hameìon, fishook,
of his day
crochet, hook (French)
4-63
x
Amphiaraus
x
Amphiaraüs,
Argive
warrior and
seer
ham, Script Z543,
hampheris
(HAMïERIS), Z1586,
Z1571; see pheris î L.
ferrum-i, Dat., Abl. Pl.
-is, made of irons; thus
an iron hook, or better
yet, ferus-a-um, Dat.,
Abl., Pl. -is, ham feris,
hook for wild animals.
This text is on
wrappings of a mummy
found in Egypt. Hooks
were used to draw out
the brains through the
nose in the embalming
process.
Hamphiar
(HAMïIAR), DC-3,
DC-5
4-64
x
x
x
x
Henna-[Enna]
-ae city in
Sicily with
temple of
Ceres
x
Henna? city
in Sicily
where
Hades
abducted
Persephone;
cult
center of
Demeter and
her daughter
HANeRIN, Script
Z1345, Z1372; "in"
suffix suggests a verb,
third person pl.
4-65
koštâr, Ò‚ƒ
bloodshed,
bloodbath, carnage,
massacre (Persian)
, siskhli
daghvrili, to shed
blood (Georgian)
bala harati,
weaken, waste,
remove,
raktap ta ,
bloodshed,
raktam,
rudhiram ,
blood
x
„Œ… —Š‹ ›Œ˜ß, prali‘
kroã, to shed blood
(Belarusian)
prolijevati krv, to shed
blood (Croatian)
œ• ¡§¤¦ •¡½•, na ríxei
zur-gõ, blood
aíma, to shed blood
(Hurrian)
przelaøem krew, to
(Greek)
shed blood (Polish)
´ µ²³¯ À´ð ±²³ Þ´Ñ´ ,
nopl st asinis, to shed aryun t’ap’elu hamar, to
damu, bloodshed,
blood (Latvian)
shed blood (aryun, blood)
blood money,
s v rs m sânge, to
(Armenian)
slaying, kin,
për të derdhur gjak, to shed
damtu, destruction, shed blood
abû, to draw water (Romanian)
blood (Albanian)
or wine, to exhaust
vuodattaa verta, to
the water of a well, shed blood (Finnishnaharmu u, to
Uralic)
destroy enemies,
crumble, to melt, to
dissolve, naqû, to
shed blood, tears, to
be shed, to let flow,
to sacrifice, etc.,
dame, bloodshed, to
shed blood
(Akkadian)
lumnu, a name of
Mars, misdeed,
harm, catastrophe,
ill portent, evil fate,
misfortune, evil
(Akkadian)
x
x
fuil a shed, to shed
blood (Irish)
gus fuil a dhòrtadh, to
haurio, haurire, shed blood (Scott)
hausi, haustum, i daflu gwaed, to shed
to draw up, out, blood (Welsh)
in; drink up,
spargere sangue, to shed
shed blood,
blood (Italian)
empty, weaken, faire couler le sang, to
waste, exhaust shed blood (French)
to draw out,
shed blood,
empty
4-66
harra'i to destroy;
zinna, to eliminate;
hara, to destroy, pound
(Hittite)
x
x
Mars and
Minerva
presenting
Romulus and
Remus (the
royal family)
hare, Script Z953,
Z1006, Z1057; Ind.
Pres. 3rd Pers. Single,
haurit = Etr. hauri, hare.
hara, Q244
HARiR, Script Z308,
Z378, Z1825,
hareo (HAREV), K130,
Script Z308, Z378, Z18
haus (HAVS)
Script Z1300; Ind. Perf.
1st Pers. Single, hausi
= Etr. haus. (I draw
out, shed blood."
See also fac, faca,
fak, FAKeR?
HAVSA, CF-7; This
mirror shows
Laurentia, two babes,
Mars and Minerva. The
context of this word is:
CF-1 MARIS
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to Laurentia?
4-67
angur, ñ×Ø grapes,
šarâb, ô ºÅ wine
(Persian)
,
q’urdzeni, grapes
(Georgian)
dr kà , grape
ÃaÃ, six, Sastha,
sixth;
is unnatu,
kar natu, grape
cluster, is unnu,
bunch of grapes,
kar nu, grapes,
grapevine, wine,
tillatu, grapevine,
vine (Akkadian)
xshvash [-], six,
xsht$m [xshtva],
sixth (Avestan)
shesh, %&Å six,
sasom, +‚Å sixth
(Persian)
, ekvsi, six,
, meekvse,
sixth (Georgian)
šeže, šeše, six
(Hurrian, Urartian)
¼—•…öŒ…÷, vinahrad,
grapes (Belarusian)
grožùe, grapes
(Croatian)
winogrona, grapes
(Polish)
v nogas, grapes
(Latvian)
struguri, grapes
(Romanian)
viinirypäleet, grapes
(Finnish-Uralic)
¢¥•ûý©¦•, stafþlia, grapes
(Greek)
¶´ÿ²ÿ, khaghogh, grapes
(Armenian)
rrush, grapes (Albanian)
Ž@†Š‹, šes‘, six,
Ž˜†‡‰, šosty, sixth
(Belarusian)
šest, six, šesti, sixth
(Croatian)
sze ‘, six, szósty,
sixth (Polish)
seši, six, sest , sixth
(Latvian)
Jase, six, Jaselea,
sixth (Romanian)
kuusi, six, kuudes,
sixth (Finnish-Uralic)
Ó§¦, éxi, six, Ó£¥˜X, éktos,
sixth (Greek)
° Ý , vets’y, six,
° Ý ² Ë, vets’erord,
sixth (Armenian)
gjashtë, six, i gjashtë, sixth
(Albanian)
x
x
acinus-i, bunch
of grapes
sex
sei, six, seigarren, sixth
(Basque)
fíonchaora, grapes
(Irish)
f#on-dhearc, grapes
grawnwin, grapes
(Welsh)
uva, bunch of grapes;
acino, grape (Italian)
grain de raisin, grape,
raisin, grapes (French)
HVSR NANA CF-4
MENRFA [Minerva]
CF-5 LEINR
(Laurentia) MARIS
(Mars, Gen. Martis)
HAVSA (name?)
CF-8 RECIA Le (L.
regia-ae, palace, royal
family)
HeKNIS
Script MS18;
See AKNI, Script Z
grapes
4-68
sé, six, séú, sixth (Irish)
sia, six, an t-siathamh,
sixth (Scott)
chwech, six, chweched,
sixth (Welsh)
sei, six, sesto, sixth
(Italian)
six, six, sieziéme, sixth
(French)
six, sixth
[<OE siex,
six]
x
a galley with
six banks of
oars
See also (11-41):
vin (FIN), Script
Z1397, TC120
vinum (8INVM),
Script Z47, Z64, Z164,
Z197, Z272, Z1073,
Z1352
vina (FINA), Script
TC-7
HECHS (HEKS)
HECHS (HEYS) Script
Z1177, Z1359
4-69
sesto, sestu (SESTV),
Script Q209, Q224
šeššet, six, šedištu,
group of six,
šešš tu, yoked, or
with six spokes,
šeššiš, šešš šu,
šešš šu, sixfold,
šeššu, šad šiu,
sixth, šeššu, šiššat,
šuššû, one-sixth,
n ru, six hundred,
universe?, šudušû,
six-year-old, š ši,
sixty, šuš šu, sixty
times (Akkadian)
x
x
hexeris-is
HEKSR, Z158
4-70
x
x
x
x
Henna[Enna]-ae [f];
Henna-ae, city
in Sicily?
x
Henna?
4-71
x
x
x
\ •¡˜, Iraío, Heraeum
(Greek)
Heraea-orum
x
x
x
x
\ •£©ÜX, Iraklís, Hercules
(Greek)
Hercules-is and
-i; Hercules,
Hercule or
Hercle (old
Latin)
ercole, Hercules
(Italian)
Hercule, Hercules
(French)
festival of
Hera
Henna, Script K27
Henni, Script M78
Heram, Script Au63
4-72
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Hercules,
Heracles
4-73
Hercle. Script DM-2,
AH-6, MR-1, LM-2,
CAA-1, CL-1, CS-2,
CZ-3
Herkle, Script MH-2
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x
x
x
^ ½ÜX, Ermís (Greek)
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Hermes or
Herma-ae, the
god Hermes,
Roman
Mercury
Ermete, Hermes
(Italian)
Hermês, Hermes
(French)
Hermne, a
god
4-74
Hermne, Script HT-2;
See TVRMS Note (4);
"ne" suffix suggests
name; i.e., Rasne,
Rasna
‡…ö…•, jatahan,
scimitar (Belarusian)
khaÁga ,
nistri a ,
scimitar
kriva isto“nja“ka
sablja, scimitar
(Croatian)
buøat, scimitar
(Polish)
scimitar (Latvian)
šamšer, º ‚ÄÅ
sword, scimitar
(Persian)
,
smit’it’aruli,
scimitar (Georgian)
sabie, scimitar
(Romanian)
x
禕¥•ç¾œ¦, giatagáni,
scimitar (Greek)
Ð ¿²³ , scimitar
(Armenian)
kordhë, scimitar
(Albanain)
scimitar,scimitar (Irish)
sgimitar, scimitar (Scott)
harpes-es,
scimitar
scimitar, scimitar
(Welsh)
scimitar
4-75
HeRPAIE, S-1; Note:
The "ie" suffix suggests
a proper name as in
Elinei, Helen of Troy
scimitarra, scimitar
(Italian)
cimeterre, scimitar
(French)
sapeli, scimitar
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
x
x
`¾£ ˜X, Vákchos,
Bacchus, Dionysus
Eaus or Euhan,
name of
Bacchus /
Dionysus
x
Bacchus,
Euhan, god
of wine
x
x
x
|©• óX, hilaros, cheerful,
merry, |©• óX, hilaros,
cheerful, merry (Greek)
hilaris,
"cheerful,
merry"
x
Hilare,
person's
name?
Heun (HEFN), Script
M45
4-76
Hilare, ZA-2
4-77
v ty , storm
— ˜¼‰ Ž‡˜Œ ,
zimovy štorm, winter
storm (Belarusian)
zimska oluja, winter
, storm (Croatian)
zamtris sht’ormi,
ziemas v tra, winter
winter storm
storm (Latvian)
(Georgian)
furtuna de iarna,
winter storm
igibrû, storm,
(Romanian)
ašamš tu, ašm tu,
lumimyrsky, winter
dust storm,
storm (Finnishašamš niš, like a
Uralic)
dust storm, me û,
violent storm
(Akkadian)
¤¦½«œ¦¾¥¦£~ £•¥•¦ç¡••,
cheimoniátiki kataigída,
winter storm (Greek)
èÑ Ð´µ ¯ ð²À²
,
dzmerrayin p’vot’vorik,
winter storm (Armenian)
stuhi dimërore, winter
storm (Albanian)
x
x
tufan,
(Persian)
x
storm
x
hiems [hiemps]
-emis,
3rd Decl. Pl.
-ia)
stoirm gheimhridh,
winter storm (Irish)
stoirm geamhraidh,
winter storm (Scott)
storm y gaeaf, winter
storm (Welsh)
tempesta invernale,
winter storm (Italian)
tempête hivernale,
winter storm (French)
winter
storms, cold
stormy
weather
Himia, Script J27-2
4-78
kimant, winter (Hittite)
x
x
Name of
queen,
dynasty?
Appears in
Perugia
Cippus, a
chronicle of
Etruscan
regents
HINeR, Script Z105
HINeRA, Script K71,
Z1628
HINeRV, Script Z1083,
Z1405, Z1639
4-70
ita , itastata ,
ita aceta ,
hither, here,
asmin p r ve,
by this, on the
hither side
, siudy, hither
injâ,
here, hither (Belarusian)
(Persian)
, ak, hither
ovamo, hither
(Georgian)
(Croatian)
tutaj, hither (Polish)
ištini, here, there
(Urartian)
annišam, hither,
annik ’am, anniš,
hither, here
(Akkadian)
tur, hither (Latvian)
aici, hither
(Romanian)
tänne, hither (FinnishUralic)
, edó, hither (Greek)
, aystegh, hither
(Armenian)
këtu, hither (Albanian)
huc
hither (Irish)
hither is,
[<OE hider],
to this place
an seo, hither (Scott)
hither, hither (Welsh)
4-80
hitherhitherhither,
hoc (HVC), Script
AM-1
qua, hither (Italian)
ici, hither, voici, here
(French)
aci, pp., [B ecce], adv.,
hither (Tocharian)
kiat here (Palaic)
tsawi(n), here (Luvian)
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k , ka/kan(i), here,
ebad, ebei, there
(Hittite)
x
dorod,
(Persian)
hello
,
gamarjoba, hello
(Georgian)
adya, adyatana
today, t Ši ,
today
emruz, Œ •Ž‹ today
(Persian)
, dghes, today
(Georgian)
ag mi, uddam,
adv., uddeš, today
(Akkadian)
gozar, gozâr,
gozargâh, passage,
pâsâzh,
arcade
(Persian)
krAnti, m rga ,
passage,
,
ark’aduli, arcade,
,
gadasasvleli,
passage (Georgian)
tora—ag˜ham,
arcade
x
m tequ, passage,
path, road, march,
m taqu, passage, ,
street, walkway,
thoroughfare
(Akkadian)
x
,
dobry dzie€, hello
(Belarusian)
zdravo, hello
(Croatian)
dzie€ dobry, hello
(Polish)
Sveiki, hello
(Latvian)
Salut, hello, HU•, go
out! - to chase away
the poultry or other
birds (Romanian)
Hei, hello (FinnishUralic)
• •, sionnia, today
(Belarusian)
danas, today
(Croatian)
dzisiaj, today (Polish)
šodien, today
(Latvian)
ast‘zi, today
(Romanian)
tänään, today
(Finnish-Uralic)
™ ›™ ™, arkada,
arcade, œ ™• ž™
,
prachodŸannie,
passage (Belarusian)
arkada, arcade,
prolaz, passage
(Croatian)
arcady, arcade;
przejazd, przejscie,
przelot, ustep, passage
(Polish)
pas Ÿa, arcade,
passage (Latvian)
arkadi, arcade, kulku,
passage (FinnishUralic)
x
‚ ƒ„ …„†, geia sas, hello
(Greek)
‡ ˆ ‰, Barev, hello
(Armenian)
heus!
hostia-ae an
animal stain in
sacrifice
Dia dhuit, hello (Irish)
Halò, hello (Scott)
Helo, hello (Welsh)
Ciao, hello (Italian)
Përshëndetje, hello
(Albanian)
Bonjour, hello (French)
…“” •„, símera, today
(Greek)
–ˆ, aysor, today
(Armenian)
sot, today (Albanian)
inniu, today (Irish)
an-diugh, today (Scott)
heddiw, today (Welsh)
oggi, adv., today
(Italian)
ajourdhui, today
(French)
gaur, today (Basque)
hodie, today, at
present, still,
even now; at
once
hello! [<obs.
holla, stop!]
Ho, there!
Hark! the
host?
hos, hus (HVS), Script
Z64
host, hust (HVSQ),
Script CF-2
4-81
today [<OE
tõ dæg]
4-82
hot (HVT) Script K81
hoti (HVTI), FE-1
r o (adv.), today
(Tocharian
enisiuat, today (Hittite)
… ¡, stoá, arcade kamara,
leoforos, arcade, ¢£•„…”„,
pérasma, passage (Greek)
¤ˆ¥ ¦ §¨, Arkadayin,
¨©ª‰«¬, ants’umy,
passage (Armenian)
pasazh, passage, arcade
(Albanian)
-ó• ƒ † ¡® ” †,
Vóreios ánemos, the north
west wind (Greek)
pasáiste, passage, stua,
arcade (Irish)
trannsa, passage, arc,
arcade (Scott)
ianus-i,
mynedfa (oedd,-eydd),
covered
passage; tramwyfa
passage,
(-eydd), passage,
arcade;
personif. Janus; gangway, arcêd, arcade
Januarius-a-um (Welsh)
portico, arcade,
of Janus or
passaggio, passage
January
(Italian)
arcade, arcade, passage,
passage (French)
Iapyx-pygis
x
a covered
passage
[<pando,
pandere,
pandi,
pansum, to
stretch out];
the god
Janus, an old
Italian diety
with two
faces,
arcade [<Ital.
arcata < arca,
chest]
Ian, Script J20,
Aph-1
Ianos, Ianus (IANVS)
Script Au22; See Note
(7); see also
CaMaRvVM
4-83
Iapyx, the
north west
wind?
Iapes, Script N290
Iapos, Iapus (IAPVS)
Script N184
4-84
accha, adv.
close by, here;
prep. to,
towards
adha [-] then,
¯°¯, ™ ™ , tut, zaraz,
here now,
(Belarusian)
ovdje sada, here now
(Croatian)
obecny!, here!
, edo, here, •„, tora,
now (Greek)
, ±§« , aystegh,
hima, here, now
(Armenian)
këtu tani, here now, këtu,
hic [and heic];
hice and
interrog. hicine
anseo, anois, here, now
(Irish)
an seo, a-nis, here now
(Scott)
yma, nawr, here now,
yma, adv. here, hither;
here [<OE
here];
now [<OE
nu]; at
this point, in
this place, in
ic, Script Z719,
Z784, Z851, Z1800,
ik, Script Z540,
Z761, Z1192, Z1310,
Z1359, Z1591, Z1647,
AH-3
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thereupon, thus,
now, aya [aem] (fî)
this (Avestan)
soeydar, adv., here;
inak, konun, adv.,
conj., now, aknun,
²³ ´‹ now, present,
hâlâ, µ ¶ at present,
now, yet (Persian)
,
, ak, akhla,
here now (Georgian)
undo, unto, ·enni,
·en¸, now, this
(Hurrian)
annuk ,
annukanna,
akanna, akannu,
akanni, annakam,
here, annik ’am,
anniš, here, hither,
annuma, here, now,
adû, here, then,
now then, in ma,
adv. here is, now,
then, anumm , here
is, here are,
ann num, from
here, adukul,
aduku or adugu,
now (egyptian texts
only), enna,
enanna, enannu,
an na, akann,
annuš, now, ani or
anni, now, at once,
look!, anna, now,
indeed?, inanna ,
adv., now, just now,
ašar, right now,
annu, see now
(Akkadian)
e'tesâb, ¹º•» n.
strike, sit in, zadan,
² Œ to strike,
barxord kardan,
sâyidan, to strike
(Persian)
,
gapitsvistvis, to
strike (Georgian)
nawr, adv. now; rwan,
adv. now (Welsh)
qui, ecco, here, adesso,
now, qui ora, here now
(Italian)
ici, here, ici maintenant,
here now, voici, here is
(French)
chwila obecna,
teraz here, gdy, now
(Polish)
šeit, tagad, here now
(Latvian)
tässä nyt, here now
(Finnish-Uralic)
° ™ ¼ , udary½, to
strike (Belarusian)
t ayati, to
id-, to beat, crush
pogoditi, to strike
strike, knock,
(Hurrian)
(Croatian)
potha, blow,
maq tu, to strike
bic, straj, struck,
strike with; han, down, attack, to fall, uderzac, walic,
fall into someone's
hanti, hate,
zapalic, strike
hands, etc., n ru, to
potha, blow,
(Polish)
strike with a
strike with;
streikot, to strike
weapon, to hit, to
jighnate, -ti, to
(Latvian)
slay, to kill, to
smite, beat,
conquer, to destroy s‘ loveasc‘, to strike
strike down,
a city or country,
(Romanian)
hew off, hit
kar tu, to strike,
iskeä, to strike
pierce hurt;
(Finnish-Uralic)
break off, cut off ,
lap tu, to strike a
chord, to defeat,
overthrow, attack,
affect, moisten with
oil, etc., erû, to
beat, strike
(Akkadian)
kiat, here (Palaic)
tsawi(n), here, nanun,
now (Luvian)
në kët botë, here, tani, këtë
cast, tashti, atëherë, tash,
now (Albanian)
this matter,
hereupon
4-85
k , ka/kan(i),
here, n -, nu, now,
kinun, kinuna/kinona,
kinun/kinon, now, but
now (Hittite)
®„ „¢ •‚“…¾, na apergíso,
to strike, kourkouti,
symmazema, sfyrokopo,
batter; chtypo, apergo,
chtypima, apergia, strike;
(Greek)
¿ªˆÀ ¦ª‰Á§ ± « ˆ,
gortsaduli hamar, to strike
(Armenian)
për të sulmuar, to strike,
godas, godit, qëlloj, gjuaj,
bie, shkatoj, bëj grevë, ul,
rrënjos, thek, to strike
(Albanian)
chun stailc, to strike
(Irish)
airson stailc, to strike
(Scott)
i daro, to strike, bwrw
(bwri), to cast, shed,
fling, pitch, launch,
strike, suppose, pour;
(Welsh)
battere, to strike
(Italian)
frapper, to strike
(French)
koÂta-, strike’
(Tocharian)
icio or ico, ici,
ictum, to
strike; battuo(batuo) -ere, to
batter, beat,
knock
s r ku n-> kill, strike,
ku n-> kill, strike,
isk ri, to stab,
walh-> attack, strike,
walhzi, to hit,
GUL> strike (Hittite)
to strike
[<OE
strican, to
stroke],
strike, stab
[<ME stabbe,
a stab wound]
4-86
ic, Script L-15
iciien or icren, Script
L-11 and L-31; see
fiera
(See also laeti, laetim,
to strike, Part 5)
greba, to strike, garaitzeko,
to beat (Basque)
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x
x
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x
x
Ikarius, a
disciple of
Dionysius
who spread
knowledge of
winemaking
Ikra (IbOA), MS-1
4-87
x
, ach’ea, Achaea Ahaia, Achaea
(Georgian)
(Romanian)
ÃÄ„Å„†, AchaÆas, Achaea
(Greek)
¤±
, Ahayea, Achaea
(Armenian)
Achaea, Achaea
(Albanian)
Italian, Acaia, Achaea
French, Achaïe, Achaea
Achaia or
Achaia-ae
man, ÇŽ I (Persian)
, me, I (Georgian)
x
ištid¸ , ište=di
(abs.), ie=še (erg.),
šu= (obl.), 1st Pers.
pron., ieš¸ (erg.)
ješ¸, I (Urartian)
ište, iš-te (nom.),
ište, , iša=šo=, šu=
(1st Pers. pron.);
iŸ-aŸ (erg.), iŸa-š
(erg.), I
'-tta, -d, '-tta, -t, me
(Hurrian)
È, JA, I (Belarusian)
ja, I (Croatian)
ja , I (Polish)
Es, I (Latvian)
eu, I (Romanian)
minä, I (FinnishUralic)
É‚ , Egó, I (Greek)
Ê , Yes, I (Armenian)
unë, I (Albanian)
Ahhiyawa, Achaea
(Hittite)
Mé, I (Irish)
Mise, I (Scott)
fi, I, me; i (fi), I, me
(Welsh);
io I, mecco, to me
(Italian)
je , I, (French)
ego
Ëk, I, am-mu, I, me
(Hittite)
Achaia? a
Greek
country
4-88
pron. I, [OE
ic]
this is a
duplicate
entry. See
Part I, "I."
4-89
an ku (OAkk., on),
anuki, I (Akkadian)
birun kardan, ² •Îº
² •´ birun
andâxtan, to eject
(Persian)
, agdebs, to
eject (Georgian)
asta, adj.,
thrown, cast off;
chrd, chrnatti,
pour out or
upon,
eject, spue,
vomit, cast off,
abandon; as,
asyati; throw,
cast, eject,
abandon, banish
from; lay
asunder
mel=ahh, to expel
(Hurrian)
nadû, throw out a
corpse, throw away,
discard, to cast a
net, launch a boat,
erect, etc., dar su,
to be thrown down,
throw over or back,
nas ku, to hurl, to
shoot, to throw into
water, fire, prison,
to throw to animals,
remove a burden, a
yoke, a tablet, an
inscription,to be
rejected, to reject,
etc. (Akkadian)
Ï• ™ Й •,
dlia zdabyvannia, to
eject (Belarusian)
izbaciti, to eject
(Croatian)
wypchnac,
wyrzucic, eject
(Polish)
izstumt, to eject
(Latvian)
pentru a evita, to eject
(Romanian)
ulos, to eject
(Finnish-Uralic)
‚ƒ„ Ñ® Ò„‚¾‚“, gia tin
exagogí, to eject, ekballo,
ekchyno me ormi, eject
(Greek)
± ¨ Áª‰ ± « ˆ, hanelu
hamar, to eject (Armenian)
për të nxjerrë, to eject, heq,
gufon, derdh, to eject
(Albanian)
egotzi, to eject (Basque)
eicio-icereieci-iectum, to
eject
expello
pellere -puli
pulsum, to
expel
ikihi, Script T-11
io, iu (IV), Script
Ì433
iko, iku (IKV), Script
N11, N41, N139,
N216, N230, N244,
N491, N513, N543,
N573, N598, N647,
N689, N711, Ì442,
Ì481
MEK, Script N74,
N112, N139, N173
N206, N216, N230,
Ì311, Ì326, Ì452,
MEÍ, Ì521, Ì784,
Ì795, Ì806, Ì813,
Ì829, Ì837, Ì863,
Ì871, TC214, Au18,
PO-5, Au18
a dhíchur, to eject (Irish)
a dhubhadh às, to eject
(Scott)
i'w daflu, to eject,
diarddel, to expel,
disavow, disclaim,
disown, eject,
repudiate (Welsh)
espellere, to eject
(Italian)
éjecter, to eject (French)
siya-> shoot, hurl,
hoap/hop, to hurl,
p ssiya->, (pesiezi),
pesie/a,
pesiana/pesiani, to
throw away, abandon,
to cast, to shove, to cast
off,
pessiianna/pessiianni,
pessiiae, pessie/a, to
throw away
ishuuanna/ishuuanni,
ssiezzi, to throw,
pitahlia, to exile
to throw out,
[<OE thr
Ëwan]
eject, expel
iek, Script Ì475
4-90
(Hittite)
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name, Jepo?
the Jepii?
4-91
goza šte, ¹ÓÔÕÖ adj.,
yesterday, diruz,
Œ • yesterday,
pis, goazaste,
yesterday
(Persian)
, gushin,
yesterday (Georgian)
hyas, yesterday,
pËrvedyË , the
previous day
amšali, amšal tam,
amšat, tim li,
**ukunur ,
yesterday, m ša,
adv., yesterday, last
night, tonight, at
night, (Akkadian)
x
adhât [-] thereupon,
afterwards; from
that place,
tadha, this is, there,
in that place, at that
time, then,
athra (adv.) there
(Avestan)
ânjâ, ÚÛ ¹º there,
thereto, thither, onjo,
ÚÛ adv., there,
darân jâ, adj.,
ÚÛ adv. there
(Persian)
,
, ik, there,
¯™Ü, tam, there, ¯ , to,
mashin, then
then (Belarusian)
(Georgian)
tamo, there, zatim,
then (Croatian)
an mišu,
tam, w tym
thereupon, then,
anamašu, there, he miejscu, there,
nastÝpnie, then
is there, all num,
(Polish)
ammânum, there,
tur, there, tad, then
from there,
akannaka,
(Latvian)
akannakunu,
acolo, there, la, there,
allukâ, ammakam, atunci, then
anumm num,
(Romanian)
there, innu, conj.,
there, in ma, then, siellä, there, sitten,
then (Finnish-Uralic)
here is, now,
annitt n, then, this
then, an mišu,
then, thereupon,
ašriš, there, thereto,
ašr nu, here, from
there, ull nu, there,
over there, from the
beginning, already,
ullikiam, there,
over there, ullišam,
to there, elsewhere,
ullû, over there,
faraway, yonder,
ormer, previous,
(Akkadian)
abdadiyat, å 纋
eternity, infinity,
immortality,
nityat , eternity. bikarâni, zamâne
anantatA,
bikarâne, eternity,
anantya,
âxerat, ì•ðÛ
endlessness,
eternity, afterlife,
eternity
afterworld,
32 of 41
°× ™, uØora,
yesterday
(Belarusian)
juØer, yesterday
(Croatian)
dzien wczorajszy,
wczoraj, yesterday
(Polish)
vakar, yesterday
(Lastvian)
ieri, yesterday
(Romanian)
eilen, yesterday
(Finnish-Uralic)
Ð × ™ ¼ , vieØnas½,
eternity (Belarusian)
vjeØnost, eternity
(Croatian)
wiecznosc, eternity
(Polish)
mËŸ ba, eternity
ÄÙ£†, echthés, yesterday
(Greek)
ˆ ¥, yerek, yesterday
(Armenian)
dje, yesterday,
(Albanian)
heri, adv.,
yestereday
inné, yesterday (Irish)
an-dè, yesterday (Scott)
ddoe, yesterday (Welsh)
ieri, yesterday (Italian)
heir, yesterday (French)
yesterday
[<OE
giestran
daeg]
iepie, Script L65
iepo, iepu (IEPV),
Script L15, L59
ier, Script
R5, R100, R106
ieri, Script Ì406
4-92
atzoko, yesterday (Basque)
Þ ß, ekei, there,
, tóte, then, ã ƒ¢ó®
loipon, so, now (Greek)
¨
, ayntegh, there
ibi, ibis, genit.
(Armenian)
ibis and
atje, there, aty, këtu, në
ibididis, the
këtë vend, there (Albanian)
ibis; ibi, adv.
illi, istic, there,
ez, there, gero, orduan,
at that place;
then (Baque)
ann, there, ansin, then
(Irish)
ann, there, an uairsin,
then (Scott)
yno, there, acw, acw,
there, wedyn, yn ('na),
ynteu (ynte), yna then
(Welsh)
ivi, there, la, there
(Italian)
la, y, voila, there
(French)
antu (adv.), therupon,
afterward (Tocharian)
adv. there
[<OE thaer],
at that place,
then [OE
thenne],
thereupon,
therein, in,
4-93
apiya, then, there (Hittite)
„ƒ¾®ƒó Ñ „, aioniótita,
eternity (Greek)
± ñ§ ¨ ¥ ¨ª‰ô ª‰¨,
havitenakanut’yun,
eternity (Armenian)
përjetësi, eternity, i
përjetshëm, i
aevum-i; also
aeus-i;
aeternitas-atis,
eternity
an tsíoraíocht, eternity
(Irish)
söorraidheachd, eternity
(Scott)
eterniaeth, eternity, byth
(od-oedd),
eternity (Welsh)
ive, ibe (I8E), Script
Ì107, Ì117
ip, Script S22
ipa, Script Z1153,
Z1183, Z1227, BT-14,
L-24
ipe, Script PÌ-1 , Script
Z1153,
Z1183, Z1227
ipei, Script Z1168
ipi, Script TC71,
L20
la, Z470, Z551, TC179,
TC290, TC318, K58,
M74, AT-8, Ì21, Ì521,
R381
_la, Script CH-2, (name
of warrior)
Le, (Could be le or la)
Script TC28, TC103,
TC260, TC271,TC327,
R434, R653, K50, K88,
K99, K135, Au83,
NC-5, MS-1, Pl-21,
PL-29, AF-7, AJ-12,
AN49, T-8, VP-11,
BT33, AT-4, AT-11,
PO-6, PB-8, AL-12,
ZB-3, Z22, Z36, Z59
eternity, time,
lifetime? see
if, Script J54
eifi
ife, Script Z170
4-94
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(Persian)
,
maradisoba, eternity
(Georgian)
o krac, eternal,
immortal (Hurrian)
d râtu, d rûtu ,
eternity, naparkû,
in la naparkû,
unceasing,
unending,
mupparkû, in la
mupparkû,
unceasing, unfailing
(Akkadian)
parhixtan, parhis
kardan, to
shun, avoid
(Persian)
pari-harati, to
,
avoid, varjayati, tavis arideba, to
to shun,
avoid (Georgian)
abandon,
ujjh, ujjhati,to
forsake, leave,
napal û, to avoid,
give up, avoid,
pass over
escape; tyaj,
(Akkadian)
tyajati, leave,
abandon, spare,
avoid, shun
xshi [-] to govern,
to rule (Avestan)
gonun, ˆ‰Š‹ la†,
rule, haqq, Υ right,
entitlement, taqaza
kardan,
ŠŽŠ•• to
sue (Persian)
, k’anoni,
la†,
,
upleba, right
(Georgian)
vidhi‡, rule,
la†
m šartu, right,
justice, m šariš,
righteousness, in
righteousness,
justly, d nu, la†
article, case,
la†suit, claim,
court, judgement,
decision, verdict,
punishment, legal
practice,
dibbu,legal case,
agreement, matter,
rumor, report, †ord,
talk, gossip, eš ru,
right thing, to make
do right, to thrive,to
provide justice, etc.,
išartu,
righteousness,
prosperity, l tu, rule,
po†er, triumph,
victory, victorious
deed, victorious
might, b l tu,
rid tu, to rule ,
še’û, to search, to
search all over for,
look all over for, to
seek, to plot, to sue,
call to account,
(Latvian)
eternitate, eternity
(Romanian)
ikuisuus, eternity
(Finnish-Uralic)
,
kab pazbiehnu , to
avoid (Berlarusian)
Izbje i, to avoid
(Croatian)
stronic, unikac,
avoid ( Polish)
izvair ties, to avoid
(Latvian)
a evita, to avoid
(Romanian)
välttää, to avoid
(Finnish-Uralic)
eternita, eternity
(Italian)
éternité, eternity
(French)
përhershëm, adj.
eternal (Albanian)
w, na apofýgo,
to avoid (Greek)
€•‚ƒ„…, khusap’el, to
avoid (Armenian)
per te shmangur, to avoid,
mënjanoj, largoj,
shmang, anuloj
[drejt.], to avoid
(Albanian)
, zacon, la†,
‘ “ , prava, right,
”
• ”, pada u
sud, to sue
(Belarusian)
ó™ V, nómos, la†, š›œ•Ÿ,
zakon, la†, pravo,
dexiá, right,
ó V,
right, tužiti, to sue
kanónas, rule, ™¡ ¢›•,
(Croatian)
na minýsei, to sue (Greek)
£¤„¥¦, orenk’, la†, ‚§, aj,
pra†o, la†, right,
right, ¨‚©ª ©‚…, dati tal,
poz†a , to sue,
to sue (Armenian)
summon (Polish)
ligj, la†, e drejtë, right, të
likums, la†, ties bas, padisë, to sue (Albanian)
right, ies–dz—t ties˜,
to sue (Latvian)
lege, la†, eskuinera, right,
lege, la†, dreapta,
auzitara eraman, to sue
right, a da in judecata, (Basque)
to sue (Romanian)
laki, la†, oikea, right,
haastaa, to sue
(Finnish-Uralic)
o krac, n. uni, adj.,
eternal, immortal
(Tocharian)
mehur, time, ukturi,
eternal, constant,
steady, firm (Hittite)
evito-are
ius, right, iuris,
la†
a sheachaint, to avoid
(Irish)
gus a sheachnadh, to
avoid (Scott)
i osgoi, to avoid, gochel
(gochelyd), to
avoid, shun, avert,
be†are, evade; golaith
(goleith), to evade
(Welsh)
evitare, to avoid (Italian)
éviter, to avoid French)
dlí, la†, ceart, right, a
agairt a dhéanamh, to
sue (Irish)
lagh, la†, còir, right, a
dhol gu lagh, to sue
(Scott)
gyfraith, la†, ha†l,
right, i erlyn, to sue
(Welsh)
legge, la†; dirrito,
right,citare in giudizio,
to sue (Italian)
loi, la†; droit, right,
attaquer en justice,
poursuivre en justice, to
sue (French)
to avoid
[<OFr.
esvuidier, to
empty out],
evade
[<Lat. evado
vadere -vasi
vasum, to go
out, escape]
shun?
ifetsum, (IFETSvM,
Script Z812
See efiti
4-95
right [<OE
riht] la†
[<OE lagu]
court, canon,
[< Gk. kanon, ifsi, iusi (IFSI) S22
rule]
4-96
link-> s†ear an oath,
kunnas, right,
lazziiahh, right, to
make right, konadr,
rightness, success (Hittite)
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investigate, etc.
(Akkadian)
x
shê [ta] for him
(Avestan)
hisu, vey, ân, he,
she; ân, ân ciz, it;
ânân, isân, ânhâ,
they; isânrâ, be isân,
be ânhâ, them,
(Persian)
, mas, him,
,
man, he,
, igi,
she,
, misi, her,
, isini, they,
, mat, them
(Georgian)
i««û, he, i««î, she, ,
a««unu, i««ini (f.),
i««unu, they
(Akkadian)
¬ , jaho, him, - ,
jon, he, ¬ , jana, she,
¬ , jaje, her, ¬ ®,
jany, they, ¯°, ich,
them, ±² , heta, it
(Belarusian)
mu, him, on, he, ona
she, on, he; ona, she,
nju, her, oni, they, ih,
them, to, it (Croatian)
ono, it; one,
oni, they (Polish)
vi³am, him, vi³«, he,
vi³a, she, vi³as, her,
vi³i, they, vi³iem,
them, tas, it (Latvian)
-l, him, el, he, ea, she,
a ei, her, ei, they, lor,
them, aceasta, it
(Romanian)
häntä, him, hän, he,
she, ne, they, niitä,
them, se, it (FinnishUralic)
´µó , aftón, him, ´µóV,
aftós, he, ´µ¶, aftí, she
´µ¶ , her, ´µ ·, aftoí,
they, µ ´V, them, µ , to, it
(Greek)
¥¤‚¥, nran, him, ¥‚, na,
he, she, ¥¤‚, nra, her,
¥¤‚¥¦, nrank’, they,
¥¤‚¥¸, nrants’, them, ‚¹¥,
ayn, it (Armenian),
atë, him, ai, he, ajo, she, e
saj, her, ata, they, ato,
them, it (Albanian)
dó, him, sé, he, sí, she,
di, her, siad, they iad,
them (Irish)
ris, him, e, he, i, she,
aice, her, iad a ', they,
orra, them (Scott)
e (o, fe, fo, ef, efe, efo,
efo), he; he; hi, she; ei
('i, '†), hi, it; h†ynt,
they, them; nh† (h†y),
they, them; ill, they
(before a number)
(Welsh)
lui, him, he, esso, it, lei,
she, suo, her, essi, they,
li, them, gli, the
(Italian)
lui, him, il, he, elle, she,
sa, her, ils, they, leur,
il, ille, is, ea,
them, celui, that
she, eius, ei, ii, (French)
eae, ea, they
illius,
suus-a-um
il, Script J-1
See also el
him, he, she,
it, they, them
4-97
-si-, him, her it, se, for
him, for her, it,
-sis, -ssi, his, her, its,
si/sa/se, his, her, its,
ehbi, his,
is, Script Z405, Z561,
Z572, Z1562, TC-1,
TC28, TC56, TC80,
AP-1, N74, Q360,
Q369, Q671, R487,
R574, J29, L28, L11,
TC210, XJ-18, XP-2,
XT-6
L25 º see isont
-sse, -ssett, his,
-sse, he, -as, heŠU, his, her, -ZU, his ,
apasila, himself (Hittite)
x
antar, inner,
in†ard, in
x
upa, upa-(pref.)
to†ards, by, near;
on, upon; in, into
(Avestan)
andar, dæ», ¼ in,
about, into, on, tu,
in, ruye, bar, adv.,
prep. on (Persian)
,
shemosuli, in
(Georgian)
egi, igi, inside,
i«tani, inside, middle
(Hurrian)
libbu, in (prep.,
among, from,
belonging to, like,
instead of,
x
y, in (Belarusian)
u, in (Croatian) na,
on, †, in, ciagu,
†ithin, †e†natrz,
inside (Polish)
ÎN, in, †ithin
(Romanian)
sisään, in (FinnishUralic)
x
¢›, se, in, enantion,
enanti, against;
mechri, eos, until; pano,
epi, eis, pros, kata, on;
epano, upon; pros, peri,
to†ards; entos, mesa,
†ithin (Greek)
ª¥, in (Armenian)
në, in, brenda, †ithin, më
[mënyrë], †ith, ndër,
among, për, per,
(Albanian)
illa, ille, illia
[older form
olle and ollus];
illac; illac
facere, to
belong to that
party
in
by that †ay
x
4-98
i, in (Irish)
ann, in (Scott)
i, prep. to, in order to,
for, into; me†n, in,
†ithin; o fe†n, in; yn
(ym, yng), in, at (Welsh)
in (Italian)
en, dans, in, †ithin;
sur, à, on
(French)
in [<OE in],
into, to†ards,
against, until,
at, †ithin, on,
upon, of
4-99
ila, Script Au35,
Au49,
ilac, Script Au55
in, Script Z51, Z110,
Z152, Z206, Z211,
Z245, Z263, Z289,
Z572, Z1378, Z1423,
Z1562, TC56, TC103,
TC108, TC266, TC298,
M32, M60, AP-1,
Q396, R447, K95,
Aph-12
ane, inside, into
(Tocharian)
anda, in, inside
(Hittite)
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according to), parts
of the exta, parts of
the human body,
preference, choice,
desire, †ish,
intention, courage,
thought, mind,
†omb, a type of
document, etc., pith
of plants, therein,
therefrom, etc.
(Akkadian)
tarati, to float,
s†im, tR, tarati,
-te, tirati, te,
turati, -te, titarti,
tarute, to cross
over, overcome,
subdue, escape,
float, s†im,
rush on, be
saved, survive,
plu, plavate, to
float, s†im,
bathe, sail;
vibrate, hover,
fly, blo†
(†ind),
senâ kardan,
senâvar sodan, to
s†im (Persian)
, tsurva, to
s†im (Georgian)
dhAv, dhAvati,
to run, stream,
pour, ride,
s†im, glide,
hasten;
¿ “ , plava , to
s†im (Belarusian)
plivati, to s†im
(Croatian)
miec za†roty,
ply†anie, s†am,
s†im (Polish)
peld—t, to s†im
(Latvian)
INOT, to s†im
(Romanian)
uida, to s†im
(Finnish-Uralic)
À´™ ¶¢ ´ , na
kolympísoun, to s†im
kolympo, s†im;
pleo, plous, pani
ploiou, sail; pleo,
thalassoporo,
navigate (Greek)
… Á‚…, loghal, to s†im
(Armenian)
për të notuar, to s†im,
(Albanian)
inno-nare
snámh, to s†im (Irish)
gus snàmh, to s†im
(Scott)
i nofio, to s†im, float
(Welsh)
nuotare, to s†im; inno,
hymn (Italian)
nager, to s†im
(French)
to s†im
[<OE
s†imman] in
or on, flo†
over, sail
over,
navigate;
send forth º
See
Sanskrit, inu,
ino
inas, Script F-6
ine, Script BT-21
inni, Script TC338
ino, inu (INÂ), Script
N63, Q311, Q326,
Q452, Q551, Q784,
Q795, Q829, Q837,
Q854, Q863, Q871
4-100
sa½-tara¾am,
s†im,
s†imming
d kÃita, to
initiate,
perform,
˜rabhate, to
begin
vy˜khy˜ti, to
explain,
viËad karoti, to
elucidate,
explain,
ativistara
adj.,
diffuseness,
prolixity; {-tas}
at large, in full
detail; visRSTi,
letting go,
emanation,
creation, esp. in
detail; vistara,
{-tas & -zas}
adv. fully, in
detail; kr, to
make, do, cause
or produce
anything
yuj.h (to yoke)
35 of 41
âÄâz kon,
ÅŠÆÇ
to initiate (Persian)
,
daits’q’os, to initiate
(Georgian)
¯ ¯ ®¬“ ,
inicyjava , to initiate
(Belarusian)
inicirati, to initiate
(Croatian)
uzs˜kt, to initiate
(Latvian)
a initia, to initiate
(Romanian)
aloittaa, to initiate,
begin (Finnis-Uralic)
Ϭ“¯ , Ðjavi , to
enunciate,
‘ •²¿ Ñ Ò® ,
sarh, bayân, zand,
rastlumaÓy , to
explanation,
explain (Belarusian)
ta†zih dâdan, Ì Žˆ• izre i, to enunciate,
Í to explain
objasniti, to explain
(Persian)
(Croatian)
, akhsnas, to
†yjasnic,
†ytlumaczyc,
explain (Georgian)
explain (Polish)
kullumu, to explain, izteikt pazi³ojumu, to
to expose to the sun, enunciate, izskaidrot,
to become exposed, to explain (Latvian)
to reveal (something sÔ enunÕe, to
hidden), reveal, to
enunciate, a explica,
offer to a god, to
to explain (Romanian)
assign,etc.
ilmaista, to enunciate,
(Akkadian)
selittää, to explain
(Finnish-Uralic)
yuq, ×ˆØ yoke,
‘± Ò®, zaprehÓy,
œ› • ¶¢›•,
na xekinísei, to initiate
(Greek)
¥‚ ‚È„É¥„…,
nakhadzerrnel, to initiate,
•Ê•„…, sksel, to begin
(Armenian)
për të filluar, to initiate
(Albanian)
š• µ´ Ö¢w, na
diatypóso, to enunciate,
exigo, epexigo, explain
(Greek)
për të shprehur, to
enunciate, shpall,
announce, shqiptoj, to
enunciate, për të shpjeguar,
to explain
(Albanian)
• Ù´ ó, gia zygó, to
inicio-icereieci-iectum
enucieo-are, to
take out the
kernel; hence
to explain in
detail
ugo-are
chun tús a chur, to
initiate (Irish)
gus tòiseachadh, to
initiate (Scott)
i gych†yn, to initiate
(Welsh)
cominciare, iniziare, to
initiate (Italian)
initier, to initiate
(French)
a chur in iúl, to
enunciate, a mhíniú, to
explain (Irish)
a 'cur a-mach, to
enunciate, a
mhìneachadh, to explain
(Scott)
datgan, mynegi, to
enunciate (Welsh)
enunciare (Italian)
énoncer (French)
a dúradh, to yoke, a
take
possession
of, thro†
into, initiate
[<Lat.
initiare]
inik, L16
4-101
to enunciate,
explain in
detail? spiel
[<G. play, a
lengthy
speech]
inok, inuk (INÂK)
Script Q286, Q297,
Q303, Q360, Q754,
Q763
4-102
to bind [<OE
iuc, ioc (IÂC) Script
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Indo-European Table †ith Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
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bastan, ÚÛÜÝ to bind
(Persian)
,
rom ilap’arak’o, to
yoke (Georgian)
yukte (being
yoked),
badhn˜ti, to
biind
badhn˜ti,
to yoke, ±²
‘®“¬ , heta
pryviazka, to bind
(Belarusian)
hemz-, bind
jurnuti se, to yoke,
(Hurrian)
vezati, to bind
(Croatian)
jaram, spojiti, vezati,
to bind (Serbo
ullu, yoke,
ka ru, to bind, tie, Croatian)
jarzmo, ujarzmiac,
to join, construct
yoke, †iÞza , to bind
buildings, etc., to
collect, to compose (Polish)
a text, prepare for
jungtun, to
battle, to compact,
yoke (Balticetc., ummudu,
Sudovian)
yoked, harnessed,
j–ties, to yoke,
amdu, endu, adj.,
harnessed, am du, piesaist t, to bind
to harness, yoke, to (Latvian)
pentru jug, to yoke,
drive, put on a
JUG, yoke, INJUG, to
bandage, etc.,
rak su, to harness, yoke, pentru a le lega,
to †rap, tie, gird,
to bind (Romanian)
assign a person, etc., ikeeseen, to yoke,
ab lu, to harness, sitoa, to bind
tie, to snare,
(Finnish-Uralic)
ubburu, to bind,
surround, accuse of
a crime, denounce
(Akkadian
, koñ, horse,
‘® ‘,
®¿ ,
kabyla, mare, rycar,
rider (Belarusian)
aspahe, horse,
konj, horse, kobila,
aspa, mare
mare, vitez, knight
(Avestan)
(Croatian)
asb, ïðÍ horse;
ashva haya;
konj, horse, kobila,
savâri,
yayu, horse;
mare (Serbohorsemanship
hayin,
Croatian)
(Persian)
horseman;
kon; jezdzic, ride
azvin, adj.,
(Belarus)
azukaraštum,
horsed,
administrative term kon, horse, klacz,
horseman,
mare, rycerz, knight;
referring to horses,
s˜din, chevalier, me ir nu,
jazda, jechac, ride
describing a horse,
knight
(Polish)
mariwata,
zirgs, horse, ô—ve,
describing horses,
mare, bru³i³ieks,
m r nisqi,
knight (Latvian)
thoroughbred horse,
cal, horse, iapÔ, mare,
elija ša s sê,
horseman, iššamû, cavaler, knight
thoroughbred horse, (Romanian)
noble (Akkadian)
hevonen, horse, ritari,
knight (FinnishUralic)
36 of 41
cheangal, to bind (Irish)
gus cuing, to yoke,
naisg, bind, make fast
(Scott)
ieuo, i iau, to yoke,
caethi†o, to bind,
enslave; (Welsh)
al giogio, to yoke, crest,
ridge, legare, to bind
(Italian)
joug, yoke, attacher, to
yoke, lier, to bind
(French)
yoke, š›¢™› ¢›•, na
desméfsei, to bind (Greek)
¨‚ … €ß¥ ã, da lutsn e, to
yoke, Ê‚å„… € ç‚肤,
kapelu hamar, to bind
(Armenian)
zojedhë, yoke (lidh,
lidhem, to bind Albanian)
bindan]
together,
connect,
couple,
yoke [<OE
geoc]
4-103
lotzeko, estekatu, to bind
(Basque)
kärk- [B kärk-] bind, tie
(Tocharian)
AE-6
iuce, ioce (IÂCE),
Script N476, Q53,
Q162, Q209, Q243,
Q416, R258
iuces, ioces (IÂCES)
Script N711
iuci, ioci (IÂCI) Script
AE-6, N-1, N357,
N476, R306, K39
iucie, iocie (IÂCIE),
Script N435, N513,
N638, R270, R286,
R394, R505, K150
iuco, ioco (IÂCÂ)
Script K36, Q217
iuka, ioka (IÂKA),
Script N505, N563
(see ioce belo†)
iukan, a yoke (Hittite)
ŸÀ
, alogo, horse;
õŸš , foráda, mare,
• óµ¡V, ippotis, knight
(Greek)
黴, dzin, horse,
肤ö‚¤ª©, margarit,
mare, ‚•å„©, aspet,
knight (Armenian)
kalë, horse, kalorës,
knight (Albanian)
zaldi, horse, zaldizko,
horseman, zaldun, knight
(Basque)
equa-ae, mare
equus-i, (older
forms equos
and ecus),
horse,
eques-itis,
horseman,
eqeites,
knights
capall, horse, ridire,
knight (Irish)
each, pl. eich, horse(s),
ridire, knight (Scott)
ceffyl -au, horse,
gelding, mount;
gor†ydd, horse;
march (meirch),
horse; farchog,
marchog, knight,
horseman, rider,
equestrian (Welsh)
colliou, horse keeper
(Breton)
cavallo, horse, cavaliere,
knight (Italian)
cheval, horse, chevalier, horse [<OE
knight (French)
hors]; mare
[<OE mere]
mandos, horse (Illyrian) horseman,
yuk, horse, yak†e,
knight [<OE
knight (Tocharian)
cniht], rider
[<OE ridan]
esb, horse, esb÷t(i)-,
horseman (Lycian)
4-104
asu/atsu, horse (Luvian)
asu, aswa, horse, eku,
horse,
ANŠE.KU.RA, horse,
ANŠE.MUNUS.AL.LAL,
mare, asusani, urala,
horse trainer,
ioce, iuce (IÂCE),
Script N476, Q53,
Q162, Q209, Q243,
Q416, R258
ioces, iuces (IÂCES),
Script N711
ioci, iuci (IÂCI),
Script AE-6,
N-1, N357,
N476, R306, K36
iocu, iocu (IÂCÂ),
Script K36, Q217
iocie, ivcie (IÂCIE),
Script N435, N513,
N638, R270, R286,
R394, R505
(Duplicate; See Part 3)
See also ASA, ASE
uraladr/uralan,
profession of a horse
trainer (Hittite)
8/21/2019 10:08 AM
Indo-European Table †ith Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
x
x
x
x
http://†††.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.2.html
Io, Ion-us
x
Io, Ion-us?
Athenian
founder
iom (IÂM)? Script
GA-1
4-105
x
x
x
x
x
øw ›V, ùones, Ionians
Iones-um, the
Ionians;
Ionia-ae,
their country in
Asia Minor
x
Ionians
x
4-106
Ionas, Iunas IÂNAS),
Script Au76
Ione, Iune (IÂNE),
Script N607, Q253,
R219
Ionio, Ioniu (IÂNIÂ)
Script CJ-8 CJ-8
x
Zeus, Dias (Greek)
Jupiter,
Roman
supreme god;
Greek Zeus,
Etruscan
Tinia
Jupiter, Jovis
iopater, iupater
(ivpater), Script
Q224
4-107
nir¾ayatida, to
decide, judge,
dharma‡,
justice, ˜deËa‡,
order,
NDadhara,
bearing the
scepter or
po†er; king,
general, judge;
prADvivAka,
judge
frâmraot [fra
mrû], declare
(Avestan)
dastur, sefâres,
order, farmudan,
ˆü þ to order
dâvar, dâdvar, judge,
dâdvari kardan, to
judge (Persian)
,
mosamartle, to
judge,
,
shek’veta, order
(Georgian)
Ñ “¯ , zamovi , to
order, “® •¯
‘®• ”, vynosi
prysud, adjudicate,
, zakaz, order,
• ”” ¬, suddzia,
judge (Belarusian)
suditi, to judge,
narudžba,
order, zapovijedati, to
order, command
(Croatian)
ekspert, koneser,
sadzic o czyms,
sedzia, judge,
ša p PN, šipirtu,
nakaza , to order,
order, to execute an command (Polish)
order, par -a’, to
a judeca, to judge,
establish an order by Ordin, order, JUR, I
divine action,
s†ear, ordona, to
kullumu, to order,
order, command,
teach, instruct,
arrange, dictate, give
sho†, make
someone experience an order, direct
prosperity, hardship, (Romanian)
etc., amatu, to give tuomita, to judge,
orders, mekû,
tilata, order (Finnishorders, provisions?, Uralic)
nannû, order,
command
,
(Akkadian)
› •š• ŸÙw, epidikázo, to
adjudicate, dikastis, judge;
diaititis,
arbitrator, ÿ›•õŸ, Seirá,
order (Greek)
¨‚©‚¤‚¥!, datarany,
adjudicate, ¨‚©‚" ¤,
datavor, judge, å‚©"„¤,
patver, order (Armenian)
gjykoj, adjudicate, urdhër,
gjykatës, order, arbitër,
order; giykoi,
jambarbitër, to
order, judge, gjyqtar, judge
(Albanian)
x
x
breithniú, to adjudicate,
breitheamh, judge, ordú,
order (Irish)
breithneachadh, to
adjudicate, breith,
judgment, decision,
breitheamh, a judge,
òrduich, order, decree,
command (Scott)
barnu, to judge, barn†r,
judge, beirniadu, to
adjudicate, archeb, order
(Welsh)
giudice, judge,
iubeo, iubere,
giudicare, adjudicate,
ussi, iussum, to arbitro, judge,
order; ius,
arbitrator, ordine, order
iuris, right, la†, (Italian)
jurisdiction;
juge, judge; arbitre
iuro-are,
judge, juger, to
to s†ear, take
adjudicate, commande,
an oath
order,
arbiter-tri, a
connoisseur, expert
†itness, judge, (French)
arbitrator
to order, to
judge,
judgement
connoisseur
[<Lat.
cognoscere,
to learn] an
informed and
astute judge
in matters of
taste, expert
x
tr†an(i), judge (Luvian)
saklai, la†, custom,
customary behaviour,
rule, requirements, rite,
ceremony,
hanesnadr/hanesnan,
la†, jurisdiction,
hanesr/hanesn,
la†suit, trial, tbaria,
order, ruling,
uatarnahh, wadrnah,
order, to instruct,
tbaria, order, ruling
(Hittite)
Iuppiter, Iovis
x
4-109
x
xod, ˆ# self
(Persian)
, tvit, self
(Georgian)
edi, ed(i)- , self,
person, body
37 of 41
• Ñ, sam, self
(Belarusian)
sam, self (Croatian)
ja, sam osobiËcie,
self, ja$ñ, self, ego
(Polish)
sevi, self (Latvian)
de sine, self
(Romanian)
x› ´µóV, eaftós, self
(Greek)
ª¥¦!, ink’y, self
(Armenian)
vete, self (Albanian)
See also arberture
(AR8ERTÂRE)
4-108.
Jove, Jupiter
x
ioper, iuper (IÂPER),
Script N230, N244
ios, ius (IÂS), Script
N700, R278, R294,
XQ-5, XÂ-10
ior, iur (IÂR) (Scripts
Q232
ipse-a-um, self, féin, self (Irish)
ego, ipse, I
myself; just
fh%in, self (ScotsGaelic)
exactly, by
oneself
hunan, self (Welsh)
self,[<OE], I
myself
ioies, iuies (IÂIES)
Script Q45
ips, Script AJ-1
4-110
se stesso, self (Italian)
8/21/2019 10:08 AM
Indo-European Table †ith Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
http://†††.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.2.html
(Hurrian)
itse, self, minuus, self,
l nu, self, stature of ego (Finnish-Uralic)
persons, shape, size,
person, body,
configuration of
objects, appearance,
figure, body,
napištu, self,
animals counted in a
herd, vigor, life,
breath, somebody,
living beans
(Akkadian)
soi, self (French)
˜*cäm (pron.) (Skt.
˜tman-) [B ˜*me], self
(Tocharian)
xesm, +=# anger,
xesmgin, xesmnâk,
âtasi, irate, adj.
(Persian)
, riskhva,
anger, †rath,
(Georgian)
lumun libbi, anger,
eclipsed state, grief,
sorro†, distress,
irnittu, anger,
divine anger,
libb tu, šibs tu,
anger, †rath,
nuggatu, ra’ibu,
rubû, anger, †rath,
ru’ubtu, †rath,
fury, ra’bu, angry,
furious,
overbearing,
iri tu, rê’u, šabsu,
anger, inflamation,
ag mu, aggu,
krodha‡, anger @ibzu, kitmulu,
uggugu, adj., angry,
krudh,
kradhyati, to be ezzu, †rath, adj.,
angry, furious,
angry †ith,
terrible,
atikopa, great
a†e-inspiring,
anger, †rath;
*nazziqu, adj.,
rosa, anger,
angry?, ezzu,
†rath, fury
igimtu, †rath,,
against;
ill-tempered, galtu,
prakopa, violent adj., angry,
terrifying, ag gu,
anger,
rage, †rath; rus, uggugu, angry, to
be angry, to flare up
rosati, rusyati,
in anger, fuming
-te, rusati, -te, to †ith rage, nak ru,
be vexed or
mar u, lem nu, to
angry
become angry, to
abolish,to speak a
falsehood, etc.,
kamlu , angry,
†rathful, kimiltu,
divine †rath,
šibs tu, t gimtu,
anger, †rath,
uggatu, anger,
†rath, Day of
Wrath, uggumu,
angry, aggiš,
angrily, ra’b niš,
šabsiš, adv., angrily,
nekelmû, to look
angrily, šamriš,
furiously, fiercely,
impetuously,
šamru, adj., violent,
fierce, šu u,
zinûtu, anger,
zunnû, very angry
(Akkadian)
parikr˜mati, to
go, †ander
about; gu;
yiyAsu, ad,.
38 of 41
ay~n [ayare]
erenâvi [ar], to go
(Avestan)
raftan, sodan, to
go, marg, departure
(Persian)
Ï, hnieÐ, anger,
†rath (Belarusian)
bijes, anger, gnjev,
anger, †rath, rage
(Croatian)
gnie†, gnie†ac,
anger, †rath, ire
(Polish)
dusmas, anger, †rath,
rage (Latvian)
furie, anger, mânie,
anger, †rath, rage,
fury (Romanian)
suututtaa, anger, viha,
anger, †rath, ire, hate
(Finnish-Uralic)
truculenius]
Y´™óV, thymos, anger,
\õ ¶, orgi, ™¶ •V, minis,
†rath, exorgizo, anger
(Greek)
^‚¹¤ €¹`!, zayruyt’y,
anger, |‚¤Ê €`¹ €¥,
barkut’yun, †rath
(Armenian)
zemërim, anger, †rath
(Albanian)
haserre, anger, †rath
(Basque)
anger [<ON
angr, grief],
ire, †rath, to
fearg, anger, †rath
be irate
(Irish)
[<Lat. iratus],
fearg, anger, †rath
harass, to
(Scott)
disturb or
dicter, anger, llidio, to
irritate
be angry, chafe, fume,
persistently
inflame, anger; dig,
[<OFr. harer,
anger, †rath, ire,
to set a dog
digofaint, †rath (Welsh)
on]
colera, anger, ira, †rath,
furious,
incollerire, to be angry
truculent,
(Italian)
ira-ae, anger,
savage and
colere, anger, †rath,
rabies,-em,-e,
cruel, fierce,
madness, rage, irriter, to be angry
pugnacious
(French)
fury, rabio-ere,
[<Lat.
to rave, lividus,
truculentus],
warkui,
angry,fury,
black and blue,
rabid,
krpi,
angry,
†rath,
fury,
envious or
afflicted †ith
kardimie/a,
malicious
rabies,
kartimiie/a, karp,
overzealous,
karpie/a to be angry,
fanatical,
karpes, to become
raging,
angry, kardimiiahh,
kardimi(a)nu,
furious
krdimi(a)nu,
[<Lat.
kartimmies,
rabidus],
krdimiant, krdimies,
livid [<Lat.
krdimiah, to make
lividus],
angry, tarkuualliie/a,
trkuant, to look angry, ashen or pale
as from anger
trkualie/a, to look
agrily, trkua, adv.
angrily (Hittite)
Finn
ir, Al-5
ire, Script MS14
iri, Script Z10, Z54,
Z61? Z245, Z606,
Z1807, AP-2]
4-111
° ”, pachod, to go
(Belarusian)
pje«aÓenje, to go
(Croatian)
isc, jechac, †ent,
zniknac, go (Polish)
eit, to go (Baltic-
Ÿw, na páo, to go
(Greek)
ö¥‚…, gnal, to go
(Armenian)
për të shkuar, to go, eci,
hike, ik, take off
(Albanian)
ito-are, to go;
itus-us,
movement,
going,
departure, iter,
itineris, going
a†ay,
dul, to go (Irish)
Gu bhith a’ dol, to go
(Scott)
i fynd, to go,
cerdded, to †alk, pace,
perambulate, go, travel
(Welsh)
to go [<OE
gan]
gone, †ent.
ir, Script Al-5
ire, Script MS14
iri, Script Z10, Z54,
Z61? Z245, Z606,
Z1807, AP-2
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Indo-European Table with Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.2.html
, ts’asvla, to
go (Georgian)
being about to
go.
ul-, to go, u/ol-, to
go, to start going
(Urartian)
itt-, •ab-an-, to go,
far- to go, †alk, set
off, (Hurrian)
gâšu, to go, come,
nag šu, to go a†ay,
lekû, to go, lianam,
to go?, ak šu,
al ku, to go, move
to†ard , atalluku,
italluku, to go, †alk
about, to live, act,
be in motion,
(Akkadian)
xesm, anger,
xašmgin,
irate, xesmnâk,
âtasi, irate, adj.
(Persian)
,
gaghizianebuli,
irascible,
sulabhakopa,
adj. easily
irascible;
krudhmi &
{krudhmi3n}
adj., †rathful,
irritable
,
izrdeba gabrazebuli,
gro† angry
(Georgian)
kam lu, to be
irascible, to become
angry, †rathful, to
be angry †ith each
other, to make
angry, to become
angered, ezzu , adj.,
furious, angry,
terrible,
a†e-inspiring,
ann qu, fuious,
choking †ith rage,
(Akkadian)
direction,
itio-onis,
going,
traveling
Sudovian)
iet, to go (Latvian)
a merge (Romanian)
mennä, to go
(Finnish-Uralic)
¿ Ò®“®,
zapa yvy, irascible,
, zlujusia,
grow angry
(Belarusian)
naprasit, irascible,
ljutite se, grow angry
(Croatian)
zirytowany,
irritated (Polish)
spilgts, irascible, augt
dusm gs, grow angry
(Latvian)
irascibil, irascible,
cresc furios, grow
angry (Romanian)
kiukkuinen, irascible
(Finnish-Uralic)
ire, to go (Italian)
aller, to go, Fut. irai,
iras, ira, irons, irez,
iront (French)
->, go iya-> ie/a, to go,
march, pai, go, p˜i->,
4-112
paii/pai, pi/pai, pae , to
go, to go past, to go by, to
go (Hittite)
x q
V, o ýthymos,
irascible, q
, na
thymónoun, grow angry
(Greek)
,
achum yen zayrats’ats,
grow angry,
,
ansasan, irascible
(Armenian)
gjakn ehtë, irascible, adj.;
inatos, zëmëroj, zhindos,
eh, to be angry
(Albanian)
irascor-i
fás feargach, grow angry
(Irish)
fàs feargach, grow angry
(Scott)
tyfu'n ddig, grow angry,
anniddig, adj., peevish,
irritable (Welsh)
irascibile, adj. irascible
(Italian)
irascible, adj. irascible
(French)
irascible, to
grow angry?
furious
itis, Script TC290,
TC318, N453? º see
gis
iri, Script
N53, Q117, Q521,
Q683, R499, R530,
R619, AK-1
iton, itun (ITÂN),
Script AK-1
irecer, Script R128
4-113
krpiwala, furious,
trkuliur, furious look,
warkui, fury, anger
(Hittite)
Ireneus
name,
Ireneus?
Iriienio, Script XJ17
4-114
zap, zapati, -te,
to e ecrate,
revile, scold,
blame; swear
by, conjure,
implore, entreat,
up ۥuvrata, a
vow made
secretly or
privately;
trisatya, a triple
oath, vrata‚,
vow,
39 of 41
ghasam ƒ„…† ‡ˆ‰
khordan, swear,
sowgand kordan,
dosnâm dâdan, to
swear (Persian)
,
dapitseba, to swear
an oath,
,
dapitseba, oath
(Georgian)
nad nu, to make a
person take an oath,
a sacrifice, to
assign, etc., adê,
n š, to take an oath,
n ašu, oath (lit.
life), *mušazkiru,
oath administrater,
qabû, to take an
oath, recite,
confess?, to enjoin,
to tell, ibtu , oath
performed by
Š‹Œ •Ž••‘ “”
•Ž• • , kab
pryniesci prysiahu, to
swear an oath
(Belarusian)
zaklinjati se, to swear
an oath (Croatian)
przeklinac,
przeklinanie,
przysiegac, swore,
swear; przysiega,
oath, konspirowac,
spiskowac, conspire
(Polish)
verta, a vow (BalticSudovian)
zv–rest zv–restu, to
swear an oath
(Latvian)
s— jur—m, jur—mântul,
to swear an oath
(Romanian)
vannovat va, lan, to
swear an oath
˜™š›œ•ž ˜™š›œ•ž, na
orkisteí orkisteí, to swear
an oath orkizomai,
blasfimo, swear;
orkos, oath; eychi, orkos,
vow (Greek)
Ÿ
¡, yerdum tal,
to swear an oath,
Ÿ¢ £ ¤,
yerdvets’ink’, to vow
(Armenian)
për të betuar betimin, to
swear an oath, betohem, to
swear, vow, bëj be,
grindem, to swear; jap
fjalë, zotohem, to vow,
conspiroj, to conspire;
(Albanian)
konpartitzeko, to conspire,
zin egin, to take an oath,
swear, vow, botatzea, to
vow (Bas¥ue)
iruo-are, to
swear an oath,
coniuro-are, to
take an oath;
mionn swear, to swear
an oath (Irish)
gus mionnachadh, to
swear an oath, bhòt,
vow, bóidich to vow
(Scott)
i jura lw, to swear an
oath, tyngu, to swear,
vow, adjure, depose,
addo, addunedu
(adduned), to vow,
diofrydu, to vow,
devote, ban, taboo
(Welsh)
giuare, to swear an oath
(Italian)
jurer, to swear an oath,
vouer, to devote, vow,
vouloir, to want,
(French)
MAM TU, oath, link->
iro, iru (IR¦), Script
R191, Z61?
See also:
to swear
[<OE
swerian], to
make an oath,
swear after a
prescribed
formula,
to vow
[<Lat.
vovere],
4-115
11-53
voto (8¦T¦), Script
Q351, Q908, R413,
R653
vov (8¦8), Script
N607, PL-20, PL-28
3-60:
cona (C¦NA), Script
K55, K124, XM-2
Kona (K¦NA), Script
Aph-3
conoeri (C¦N¦ERI),
Script Z755, M-8
li(n)k, linganu,
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40 of 41
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.2.html
touching the breast,
seizure, portion
sneeze, etc., tamitu,
oath, speech,
wording,
tum m tu, oath,
zak ru, to declare
an oath, give an
(Finnish-Uralic)
order, name,
mention, proclaim,
invoke, etc., zikru.
oath, fame, name,
order, divine or
royal command,
words, discourse,
pronouncement,
etc. (Akkadian)
âb ost, âdâk,
jazire, §…¨©ª island
(Persian)
,
k’undzuli, isle,
island (Georgian)
dvaipya, dvipa,
island, dha
{dhanU3},
sandbank, sandy
shore, island;
nagû, island,
dvIpa, island,
province, district
peninsula,
(Akkadian)
sandbank
,
isini arian, they are,
arian, are (Georgian)
ynha, µˆ¶¨´ these
(Persian)
, es, these
(Georgian)
« ¬Ž‹-, vostra®,
island (Belarusian)
otoka, island
(Croatian)
wyspa, isle
(Polish)
sala, island (Latvian)
insul—, island
(Romanian)
saari, island (FinnishUralic)
••, jany, they are
(Belarusian)
oni su, they are
(Croatian)
vi²i ir, they are, ir, are
(Latvian)
EI SUNT, they are
(Romanian)
he ovat, they are
(Finnish-Uralic)
•·¬• , hetyja, these
(Belarusian)
ovi, these (Croatian)
te, these (Polish)
¸os, these (Latvian)
ISTE, these
(Romanian)
nämä, these (FinnishUralic)
linknu/lenknuto, to
swear an oath,
linkai/lenkai, oath,
perjury (Hittitie)
¯›ž, nisi, island (Greek)
°± £, kghzi, island
(Armenian)
ishull, island,
(Albanian)
œ ž •ž š, aftoí eínai,
they are (Greek)
¤ , nrank’ yen,
they are (Armenian)
ata janë, they are
(Albanian)
œ¹, aftá, these (Greek)
Ÿ
¤, drank’, these
(Armenian)
këto, these (Albanian)
insula-ae,
sunt
iste, ista, istud
oileán, island (Irish)
eilean, island (Scott)
ynys-oedd, island, isle,
river meadow (Welsh)
isola, island (Italian)
île, island (French)
tá siad, they are (Irish)
tha iad, they are (Scott)
Mae nhw, they are
(Welsh)
sono, they are (Italian)
sont, they are (French)
iad seo, these (Irish)
iad sin, these (Scott)
y rhain, these (Welsh)
¥ueste, ¥uesti, these, di,
pl. these (Italian)
cette, this, ces, these,
adj. ceu -ci, celles-ci,
pron. (French)
isle [<Lat.
insula ae],
island [<OE
iegland]
isle, Script Z929,
Z1216
4-116
they are
4-117
that of yours,
that beside
you; often a
contemptuous
e pression
referring to
parties
opposed to
the speaker
isont, isunt (IS¦NT),
Script Q360, Q369,
R487, R574 ³ See
sont (S¦NT);
iste, Script Z47, Z561,
CL-1?, PA-11
cesti, Script N590,
N687, N720, N805,
R248, R439, R474,
R521, R565, R584
4-118
svayam, itself
hvatô [-] himself;
herself; thyself,
(Avestan)
od, himself,
myself, itself,
oneself (Persian)
, tavad,
himself,
,
tviton, herself
(Georgian)
-ni (sing.), -na
(plur.), him, the
(Urartian)
ܼ, sam, himself,
‹º‹, sama, herself
(Belarusian)
sam, himself, ona
sama, herself
(Croatian)
pats, himself, pati,
herself (Latvian)
se, himself, herself
(Romanian)
oma itsensä, hän itse,
himself, herself
(Finnish-Uralic)
ž»š V, o ídios, himself,
• œ¼ , eaftín, herself
(Greek)
£ ¤½, ink’y, himself,, £ ¤
£
, ink’n iren, herself
(Armenian)
vetë, himself, herself
(Albanian)
id, Acc. N.
himself,
herself, itself;
pl. Acc., Abl.
se, sese
é féin, himself, í féin
herself (Irish)
e fhèin, himself, i fhèin,
herself (Scott)
ei hun, himself, herself
(Welsh_
lui stesso, himself , se
stessa, herself (Italian)
lui-même, himself, se,
herself (French)
himself,
herself, itself
it, Script CP44
See Latin, that, id
4-119
-(ä)€, him, her,
it’(Tocharian)
pat, himself, -a-, him,
her, it -an, him, her, it,
-si-, him, her it, apasila,
himself (Hittite)
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Indo-European Table with Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
41 of 41
ata‚, therefore,
conse¥uently,
ite, refers to
something that
has been said or
thought, or lays
stress on what
precedes; in the
br hma¾as it is
often e¥uivalent
to "as you
know," ita,
hence,
atho, likewise,
ne t, therefore
refers to
something that
has been said or
thought, or lays
stress on what
precedes ; in the
br hma¾as it is
often e¥uivalent
to " as you
know"
banâbarin,
¿¨´…Àµ¶À therefore
(Persian)
, amit’om,
therefore (Georgian)
¬‹º , tamu, therefore,
(Belarusian)
stoga, therefore
(Croatian)
t p–c, therefore
(Latvian)
prin urmare, therefore
libbu, therein,
therefrom, from, in, (Romanian)
among, , parts of the siksi, therefore
human body,
(Finnish-Uralic)
preference, choice,
desire, wish, etc.
(Akkadian)
,
it’alia, Italy
(Georgian)
Ƭ‹ ” ,
Italija, Italy
Belarusian)
Italija, Italy
(Croatian)
It lija, Italy (Latvian)
Italia, Italy
(Romanian)
Italia, Italy (FinnishUralic)
tath , likewise
¬‹Š ‹º‹, taksama,
likewise (Belarusian)
takoËer, likewise
(Croatian)
równieÌ, likewise
akannama,
(Polish)
kannama, ammûri,
t pat, likewise
likewise (Akkadian)
(Latvian)
de asemenea, likewise
(Romanian)
samoin, likewise
(Finnish-Uralic)
ham, ÉÊ adv.,
likewise (Persian)
, aseve,
likewise (Georgian)
•Á Â ÃV, epomenos,
therefore, gi'afto to logo,
therefore
(Greek)
Ä
Å , hetevabar,
therefore (Armenian)
prandaj, si pasojë,
therefore, conj.
(Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1A.2.html
ita¥ue
dá bhrí sin, therefore
(Irish)
mar sin, therefore
(Scott)
felly, therefore,
so, thus, accordingly
(Welsh)
perciò, therefore, ¥uindi,
di conse¥uenza
per ¥uesto (Italian)
donc, par consé¥uent,
pour cette raison
(French)
and so,
therefore, for
that reason
itek, Script Q899
4-120
Æœ Çž , Italía, Italy
(Greek)
È
¡£ , Italia
(Armenian)
Itali, Italy (Albanian)
Itali-orum and
-um, the
Italians;
Italia-ae, Italy
An Iodáil, Italy (Irish)
An Eadailt, Italy (Scott)
Yr Eidal, Italy (Welsh)
Italia, Italy (Italian)
Italie, Italy (French)
Italy
•Áž›¯V, epísis, likewise
(Greek)
Í
Î ,
Nmanapes, likewise
(Armenian)
gjithashtu, likewise
(Albanian)
item, likewise
mar an gcéanna,
likewise (Irish)
name, place?
also, likewise
mar an ceudna, likewise
(Scott)
4-122
4-121
Ithal, Script PC-4
Itala, Script Au59
Itale, Script Au48
Itanim, Script Au62
yn yr un modd, likewise
(Welsh)
allo stesso modo,
likewise (Italian)
également, likewise
(French)
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Indo-European Table Part 4 Notes
Notes:
*
Tocharian words were obtained through various online sources; however, we owe thanks to the following for
enabling new additions in our 1.11.18 edition>: a dictionary recently uploaded to academia.edu: A Dictionary and
Thesaurus of Tocharian A Vol 1: Letters a-j, By Gerd Carling In collaboration with Georges-Jean Pinault and Werner
Winter.
(1) In the Divine_Mirror.html a small child-like god with wings is raised to the god Tinia (Roman Jupiter;
Greek Zeus). Above the child's head are the words, Epe or (epe vr), which, following the table would mean,
"you watch the border." In the Divine_Mirror.html, all of the characters have names, except for a angelic
female, a household goddess, fleeing the room, who is carrying the wand of prophesy and a purse,
presumably carrying the wedding dowry paid for Helen.
(2) Based upon the suffix, "ia" used in the Divine_Mirror.html, for people, Tinia, (god Tini) Elenia (Helen of
Troy) and Acaia, it is probable that the suffix relates to personal names, perhaps as a genetive ending.
(3) The "8" appears, as a consonant, to have the value of "b," and in the case of "frater" would be
pronounced "brater."
(4) "Hermne," Hermene, appears to be the name for Hermes, the Greek herald and messenger of the gods.
He was also an inventor and in the Hermetica, of Hermes Trismegistus, is identified with the Greek god
Thoth, the inventor of writing. The Encyclopaedia Britannica says,
"...also called Hermetica, works of revelation on occult, theological, and philosophical subjects ascribed to the
Egyptian god Thoth (Greek Hermes Trismegistos [Hermes the Thrice-Greatest]), who was believed to be the
inventor of writing and the patron of all the arts dependent on writing. The collection, written in Greek and
Latin, probably dates from the middle of the 1st to the end of the 3rd century AD. It was written in the form
of Platonic dialogues and falls into two main classes: popular Hermetism, which deals with astrology and
the other occult sciences; and learned Hermetism, which is concerned with theology and philosophy.
"From the Renaissance until the end of the 19th century, popular Hermetic literature received little scholarly
attention. More recent study, however, has shown that its development preceded that of learned Hermetism
and that it reflects ideas and beliefs that were widely held in the early Roman Empire and are therefore
significant for the religious and intellectual history of the time.
"In the Hellenistic age there was a growing distrust of traditional Greek rationalism and a breaking down of
the distinction between science and religion. Hermes-Thoth was but one of the gods and prophets (chiefly
Oriental) to whom men turned for a divinely revealed wisdom.
"In this period the works ascribed to Hermes Trismegistos were primarily on astrology; to these were later
added treatises on medicine, alchemy (Tabula Smaragdina [ Emerald Tablet ], a favourite source for
medieval alchemists), and magic. The underlying concept of astrology that the cosmos constituted a unity
and that all parts of it were interdependent was basic also to the other occult sciences. To make this
principle effective in practice (and Hermetic science was intensely utilitarian), it was necessary to know the
laws of sympathy and antipathy by which the parts of the universe were related. But because these assumed
affinities did not, in fact, exist and hence could not be discovered by ordinary scientificmethods, recourse had
to be made to divine revelation. The aim of Hermetism, like that of Gnosticism (a contemporary religiousphilosophical movement), was the deification or rebirth of man through the knowledge (gnosis) of the one
transcendent God, the world, and men.
"The theological writings are represented chiefly by the 17 treatises of the Corpus Hermeticum, by extensive
fragments in the writings of Stobaeus, and by a Latin translation of the Asclepius, preserved among the
works of Apuleius. Though the setting of these is Egyptian,the philosophy is Greek. The Hermetic writings, in
fact, present a fusion of Eastern religious elements with Platonic, Stoic, and Neo-Pythagorean philosophies. It
is unlikely, however, that there wasany well-defined Hermetic community, or church.
"Hermetism was extensively cultivated by the Arabs, and through them it reached and influenced the West.
There are frequent allusions to Hermes Trismegistos in late medieval and in Renaissance literature."
It appears that the tile upon which Script HT was written identifies a sanctuary of Hermes which was
dedicated to Astological and prophetic disciplines. If my interpretation of the tile is correct there should be a
rather vast temple complex near the site where the tile was found. Divination was a principal theme of
Etruscan religion. We know, through Roman and Greek writeers, that the Etruscans had a body of literature
that dealt with this theme. With regard to what was handed down to us in this regard, Massimo Pallottino
said, "A type of Etruscan literary activity, it is true, has been positively, though indirectly, attested by the
notice it received in Greek and roman sources, consisting mainly of fragmentary references to the existence of
books with religious content known in translation or in compendia among priestly or scholarly circles in
Rome. We know that they were classified into three fundamental groups under the names of Libri
Haruspicini, Libri Fulgurales, and Libri Rituales. The first dealt with divination by the examination of
animal entrails and the second with divination from objects struck by lightning. As for the Libri Rituales,
they seem to have dealt with a much vaster and more complex field: the rules of worship, the formalities
governing the consecration of sanctuaries, the foundation of cities, the division of fields, civil and military
ordinances, etc. Moreover they contained special texts on the division of time and on limits in the life of men
and peoples (Libri Fatales), on life beyond the grave and rituals of salvation (Libri Acherontici) and, finally,
on the interpretation of miracles (Ostentaria).
"Etruscan and Roman tradition tends to attribute to these works an extremely ancient and venerable origin,
to the extent that a number of them were actually believed to go back to the teachings of the genius Tages
(Libri Tagetici, corresponding, as far as we can tell, to the Libri Haruspicini and Acherontici..) or the
teachings of the nymph Vegoia or Begoë, to whom were assigned the Libri Fulgurales and the passages on
mensuration contained in the Libi Rituales. They were, in fact, believed to have been divinely inspired and to
have originated in a kind of primordial 'revelation', identified with the very origins of the Etruscan
civilization. And it is quite possible that the collection of sacred books known during the last centuries of the
Etruscan nation, and translated (in part at least) into Latin, did contain elements of great antiquity. But the
essentially normative aspect of the texts appears rather to reflect an evolved and, perhaps, final phase in the
spiritual and religious development of Etruscan society. It may be that this final and, as it were, 'canonical'
elaboration took place within narrow priestly circles, such as the Order of the Sixty Haruspices which still
flourished at Tarquinia in Roman times., a world to which doubless belonged a certain Tarquitius Priscus (or
Tuscus?) to whom Roman tradition attributed the composition, vulgarization and translation into Latin of a
number of sacred books." (Massimo Pallottino, The Etruscans, Indian University Presss, 1975; Ulrico Hoepli,
Milan, 1942, pp. 153, 154)
Hermes, as messenger of the gods, also had the function of delivering souls. Since the Etruscans, like the
Egyptians, put so much effort into their tombs, keeping in mind the liturgical effort dedicated to fate and the
afterlife, a major temple complex may have been dedicated to Hermes. When one departs this life, it is
Hermes who carries the soul to the place of the afterlife. With regard to Tarquitius Priscus see Divination
Lesson.html, where the person to whom the diviniation is being given is Tarquin. Thus, we can see that
through a small effort in translating Etruscan inscriptions we can clear up some questions of ancient Latin
and Greek scholars, as well as some modern scholars.
There appears to be a strong connection between the Hindu god Agni in the Rig Veda and Hermes. Hymns
throughout the Rig Veda addresss the god of fire, Agni, as the messenger of man and the gods: (Translation
of the Rig Veda by Ralph T. H. Griffith, Quality Paperback Book Club, NY, 1992 & Mortilal Barnarsidass
Publishers PVT. LTD.):
Thee for our messenger we choose (Rig Veda, Book 1.36.3)
The Gods enkindle thee their ancient messenger, Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman.
That mortal man, O Agni, gains through thee
all wealth, who hath poured offerings unto thee; (Book 1.36.5)
...On Agni who with fulgent flame is Ruler of all holy rites (Book 1.41.4)
Thou Priest with lip and voice that bring us children hast been invoked.
Here with the Gods be seated. (Book 1.76.4)
...Who, deathless, true to Law, mid men a
herald, bringeth the Gods as best of sacrificers? (Book 1.77.1)
He holds all knowledge in his grasp even
as a felly (i.e., frame) rounds the wheel. (Book II.V.3)
Whose foresight keeps the Law from violation..(Book II.9.1)
Envoy art thou, protector from the foeman,
strong God, thou leadest us to higher blessings
Refulgent, be an ever-heedful keeper, Agni,
for us and for our seed offspring. (Book II.9.1,2)
(5) An interesting correlation to Janus is the fact that the Rig Veda, Book 1.116.19, records that among the
favored worshippers were the family of the Kusikas, probably a family of high priests or rsis (sages). Their
ancestor was Jahnu [ from a note by Ralph T. H. Griffith, translation of the Rig Veda, Quality Paperback
Book Club, NY, 1992]. The Rig Veda may be read at: http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/.
(6) Thanks to Constantin Cucu for his contribution on the Romanian entries to this table.
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Updated: 4.08.04; 4.09.04; 4.16.04; 4.27.04; 4.28.04; 5.05.04; 5.06.04; 5.21.04; 5.22.04; 6.19.04; 7.05.04;
7.11.04; 7.14.04; 8.04.04; 9.20.04; 5.14.05; 6.05.05; 9.05.05; 11.14.05; 2.23.06; 7.16.06; 9.27.11; 9.30.11;
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Copyright © 1981-2019 Maravot. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 1981-2019 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
Page 1 of 18
10.06.11 Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE):
Etruscan_Phrases
Indo-European Table 1, Part 5
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Etruscan_Phrases
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Table 1 Index
(Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table
1)
Table 1, Section 1B: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.
Sanskrit
x
x
x
Avestan &
Armenian*
Slavic & Baltic
Greek &
Albanian
ânjâ, darân jâ,
adj., adv. there
(Persian)
tam, w tym
miejscu (Polish)
LA, there
(Romanian)
ekei (Greek)
atje, aty, këtu,
në
këtë vend,
there,
adv.
(Albanian)
isânrâ, be isân,
be ânhâ, them
[n] (Persian)
ânjâ, darân jâ,
adj., adv. there
(Persian)
ich, im, je, them
(Polish)
tam, w tym
miejscu (Polish)
aftous, aftes,
afta
(Greek)
ata, ato, atyre,
them, pron.
(Albanian)
LE, them
(Romanian)
ekei (Greek)
atje, aty, këtu,
në
këtë vend,
there,
adv.
(Albanian)
Latin
other
English
Etruscan
la, Z470, Z551,
TC179, TC290,
TC318, K58,
M74, AT-8, Q21,
Q521, R381
_la, Script CH-2,
(name of warrior)
ibi, illi, istic
acw, adv
(Welsh)
la, adv.,
(Italian)
la, adv.,
(French)
ille, illa, ilud,
they
eu, 'u, 'w;
hwynt, nhw
they, them
(Welsh)
egli, colui, he;
ella, essa, colei,
she; lo, la, esso,
essa, cio, al,
pron., it ; essi,
them? pronoun?
esse, loro, li,
quelli, quelle,
coloro, them
(Italian)
le, it, he, she,
def.
art., pron.; eux,
elles, les, leur,
them (French)
le (LE), Script
Z572, Z638,
Z1334, Z1853,
K67, Q303, AO-2,
K37, K67
acw, adv
(Welsh)
la, adv.,
(Italian)
la, adv.,
(French)
Le, Script TC28,
TC103, TC260,
TC271,TC327,
R434, R653, K50,
K88, K99, K135,
Au83, NC-5, MS1, Pl-21, PL-29,
AF-7, AJ-12,
AN49, T-8, VP11, BT33, AT-4,
AT-11, PO-6, PB8, AL-12, ZB-3,
Z22, Z36, Z59
ibi, illi, istic
there
there
essi, esse, loro,
li,
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
x
isânrâ, be isân,
be ânhâ, them
[n] (Persian)
ich, im, je, them
(Polish)
aftous, aftes,
afta
(Greek)
ata, ato, atyre,
them, pron.
(Albanian)
aftous, aftes,
afta
(Greek)
Page 2 of 18
ille, illa, ilud,
they; les, legis,
f., contract,
covenant,
agreement, law
quelli, quelle,
coloro: legge,
f., law
(Italian)
them? pronoun?
les, (pl. of le)
probable: law
elles, les,
eus, them;
loi, f., law, rule;
(French)
les, Script
R521, G21, K36,
PL-1,
ille, illa, ilud,
they
eu, 'u, 'w;
hwynt, nhw
they, them
(Welsh)
essi, esse, loro,
li,
quelli, quelle,
coloro
(Italian)
les, (pl. of le)
elles, les,
eus, them
(French)
them? pronoun?
li, Script TC-1
hic, haec, hoc;
is, ea, id, ille,
illa, illud
esso, essa, cio,
al,
pron., it; lo,
def. art., the
(Italian)
it? to him, it?
lo (LV), Script
N311, Q152,
Q202, Q224,
R554, K113, PB-2
x
isânrâ, be isân,
be ânhâ, them
[n] (Persian)
xich, im, je,
them
(Polish)
x
u, vey, ân, he,
she;
ân, ân ciz, it;
ânân, isân, ânhâ,
they; isânrâ, be
isân, be ânhâ,
them, (Persian)
ono, to (Polish)
LUI, to him, LU
to him ( modern
& old
Romanian)
x
x
LAPEDA,
LEPĂDA, to let
something fall,
let down
x
labo-are, to
totter, begin to
fall
labor, labi,
lapsus, to
decline, fall
down
x
totter, begin to
fall; decline, fall
down?
lape, AK-5
x
x
LACĂT, lock,
padlock
(Romanian)
x
lacesso-ire-iviand -l,-item;
persulus, bolt
provocare,
incitare,
provoke;
saliscendi,
seratura, a
scatto, latch
(Italian)
provoquer,
irriter, provoke;
loquet, latch
(French)
to provoke,
exasperate, ecite,
induce?
lock, latch?
lachet, Script XB17
(see cle)
ata, ato, atyre,
them, pron.
(Albanian)
ai, ajo, atë, ky,
kjo (Albanian)
kommatiazo,
xeschizo,
katasparasso,
lacerate
(Greek)
harxhoj,
shpenzoj
pa hesap,
shkapërderdh,
to
squander;
gërvisht, cierr,
shqyej, cingris
nervat, to
lacerate;
gjmtoj,
sakatoj, to
maim,
(Albanian)
dragio, to drag,
tear, mangle;
llarpio, to rend,
tear, mangle,
maul, lacerate;
rhwygo, to
rend, tear,
harrow,
lacerate; afradu,
to
squander;
gwastraffu,
to waste,
squander
(Welsh)
scialaquare,
squander
(Italian);
gaspiller,
squander
lacérer, lacerate
(French)
isnija, to link,
tear
(Hittite)
tear [<OE teran]
to pieces, maim,
squander, slander,
lacerate
ruj, rujati, break,
crushdown, destroy,
break open, tear
out,
lacerate, dislimb;
vyay, -yati, -te,
waste, squander,
expend
daridegi, ris,
laceration [n]
bar bâd dâdan,
hadar kardan, to
squander
(Persian)
marnowac,
trwonic,
squander;
okaleczyc,
maim;
drzec, lza,
pedzic,
rozdarcie,
rozrywac, rwac,
szarpac, tore,
tear
(Polish)
x
x
x
x
Laco [Lacon]onis
x
Spartan?
lakonai
(LAKVNAI),
Script PB-5
x
x
LAUD, to
wheedle
x
lacto-are
x
allure, to
wheedle?
Lacth, Script Z516
lakthar, Script M-2
lacero-are
LACeR, Script
M67
llacio, to
slacken,
loosen, relax;
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10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
zithilay, -yati, to
loosen, relax;
zathAy,
to loosen or untie;
dA, dyati, to bind,
tie, fetter, {vi}, to
loosen; cRt, cRtati,
to fasten, connect,
attach {ava}, let
loose; bandh,
badhnAti, badhnIte,
to bind, attach, tie
gereftâri, band,
pâgir, bind [n],
bastan, gereftâr
sodan, to bind
sost kardan,
ârâm sodan, to
relax; pahn
kardan, gosâd
kardan, pahn
sodan, to widen
(Persian)
rozszerzac,
widen
odpoczac,
odprezyc,
oslabic,
zmniejszyc,
napiecie, relax;
bound, oprawic,
wiazac,
zobowiazac,
bind
(Polish)
x
x
x
potha [m], blow,
strike with; han,
hanti, hate,
jighnate, -ti, to
smite, beat, strike
down, hew off, hit
pierce hurt
parideva [m],
lamentation,
wailing; kAku [f],
wail, lamentation,
emphatic speech.
anumad, to
rejoice over,
gladden, to
praise
parideva [m],
lamentation,
wailing; kAku [f],
wail, lamentation,
emphatic speech.
e'tesâb [n],
zadan, barxord
kardan, sâyidan,
to strike
(Persian)
bic, strajk,
struck,
uderzac, walic,
zapalic, strike
(Polish)
sugvâri, nâlâni,
lamentation
(Persian)
lament,
lamentowac,
oplakiwak,
lament
(Polish)
x
sugvâri, nâlâni,
lamentation
(Persian)
x
lament,
lamentowac,
oplakiwak,
lament
(Polish)
dievryno,
plataino,
widen; deno,
isopsifo,
desmos,
grabata,
isopsifia
widen (Greek)
liroj, lehtësoj,
zbutem,
dobësohem,
zvogëloj, to
relax;
idh, lidhem,
ankohem, to
bind
(Albanian)
laxo-are; to
widen, loosen;
ligamen-inis,
string, tie,
bandage;
ligo -are, to
bind
elaia, olive;
eleos, elei,
mercy
Laius-i, father
of Oedipus
olea-ae, olive;
chtypo,
apergo,
chtypima,
apergia, strike;
blapto,
pligono, zimia,
hurt
(Greek)
godas, godit,
qëlloj, gjuaj,
bie, bej grevë,
ul, to strike
(Albanian)
thrino, klaio
goera, lament
(Greek)
qaj,
dëshpërohem,
vajtoj, to
lament
(Albanian)
x
thrino, klaio
goera,
lament (Greek)
qaj,
dëshpërohem,
vajtoj, to
lament
(Albanian)
laedo, laedere,
laesti, laesum
Laius-i, father
of
Oedipus;
lamentor-ari, to
weep, wail,
lament
Page 3 of 18
llaesu, to
slacken, loosen,
relax,
relent, droop;
caethiwo, to
bind,
confine,
restrict,
enslave, detain;
rhwymo, to
bind, tie, lash,
bandage
(Welsh)
rilassare, relax;
legare, to tie,
bind
(Italian);
relâcher, relax;
lier, to bind
(French)
hars, to loosen
dalugaes, long
(Hittite)
to widen, loosen
[<ON lauss],
relax? to tie, bind
[<OE bindan]?
x
Laes, name?
clapio, to lump,
strike, gossip;
curo, to beat,
strike, knock,
rap,
bang, batter,
clap,
throb; taro, to
strike, smite,
hit, knock, tap,
clap, clash,
stick, suit
(Welsh)
battere, to
batter
(Italian);
frapper, to
strike
(French)
to strike [<OE
strican, to stroke],
knock, batter
[<Lat. battuo-ere,
clap, [<OE
clappen] hurt,
bargain? box
[ME, box, to hit
with the hand]
laeti, Script Z516
laetim, Script ZA4
Laius, name?
lament?
Lais, Script Z1334
(see laes)
alaethu, cwyno,
to
complain,
lament,
bewail, to
lament
(Welsh)
lai, [ m. pl],
lamentations
(Italian)
lamentation [f]
(French)
LaKA, Script
Z432, Z1153,
Z1161
Laes, Script XE-13
(possibly ELAES)
laudo-are, to
praise, extol,
commend, to
name, mention,
cite, quote;
laus,
laudis [f],
praise, fame,
glory
lode [f], praise
(Italian)
louange [f],
praise
(French)
wasa, to esteem
(Hittite)
praise
lauo (LAFV),
Script Z432,
Z1153, Z1161;
AN42;
laues (LAFES),
Script TC120,
VF-4; See Note
(2)
Laius-i, father
of
Oedipus;
lamentor
ari, to weep,
wail,
lament
alaethu, cwyno,
to
complain,
lament,
bewail, to
lament
(Welsh)
lai, [ m. pl],
lamentations
(Italian)
lamentation [f]
(French)
name? Lais,
Laius?
lament?
lais Script Z1334
lana-ae [f],
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gwlan,
gwlanoedd [m],
wool; edau,
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
meSa [m], ram,
sheep; in Veda also
a fleece or anything
woollen; uraNa &
urabhra [m], ram
(wool-bearer)
kunta, m. spear,
lance; kSip, kSipati,
-te, to throw, cast;
prahati [f], stroke,
throw; prAsa [m],
cast, throw; spear;
vap, vapati, -te, to
strew, scatter, esp.
seed, throw or cast
dice, as, asyati, to
throw, cast, shoot
at,
throw away, hurl
pasm, jâmeye
pasmi, wool [n]
(Persian)
andâxtan,
afkandan, part
kardan, to throw
(Persian)
welna, wool
(Polish)
LÂNĂ, wool
(Romanian)
rzucac, rzut,
threw, throw
(Polish)
mest (Baltic
Sudovian)
LANSA, to
throw
(Romanian)
edafedd [f],
thread, cotton,
yarn, wool
(Welsh)
wool, [<OE wull]
lana [f] (Italian)
wool bearing
laine [f] wool,
lainaux, wooly
(French)
ulana (Hittite)
lane, Script Z455:
K152
LANTeS, Script
Z1562
lancea-ae [f], a
light spear or
lance
iacio, iacere,
ieci,
iactum, to
throw,
cast
lluchio, to
throw, fling,
pelt, drift; taflu,
to throw, fling,
cast, hurl,
heave, pelt
(Welsh)
lann [f] blade,
sword, scale as
of a fish, lancet;
also a house
(Scott)
lanciare, to
throw,
fling, pitch;
slanciare,
vt. to throw,
thin out, rush;
gettare, to
throw
(Italian)
se lancer, to
rush, to dash, to
dart; jeter, to
throw (French)
to throw, [<OE
thrawan], fling,
pitch, hurl, launch
[<Lat. lanceare; to
launch; lancea-ae
[f], a light spear or
lance]
lanso (LANSV),
Script K108
See slanso
(SLANSV)
frogonos,
ancestor;
neraidan, fairy;
phantasia,
appearance
(Greek)
fantazmë,
lugat,
spectre
(Albanian)
lar, laris [m],
lares, pl.
Roman tutelary
dieties, esp.
household
deities; meton.,
hearth,
dwelling, home
tylwyth-au [m],
household,
family,
tribe, clan,
genus;
tylwyth teg,
fairies; teg
(tec), adj. fair,
beautiful,
lovely, fine,
comely (Welsh)
làr [m] làir, pl,
the
ground floor;
làrach, site of a
building,
abode,
habitation
(Scott)
fantasia [f],
fantasy,
imagination,
whim, fancy,
mind; fata [f],
fairy (Italian)
fantaisie [f]
fancy,
whim, caprice,
imagination,
fantasia
[mus.]; fée, [f],
fairy (French)
household gods,
worshipped
ancestors, spectre,
fairy [<Lat. fata,
fates]; fantasy
[<Gk. phantasia];
relates to lair,
English, a den or
hidden dwelling
[<OE leger]
lar, Script TC61,
TC71, TC80,
TC108, TC120,
TC201, TC231,
TC260, TC327,
AF-1, K59, AM8, GA-2, BR-3
lare, Script
TC231, K-1
lari, Script N670,
PL-9, AB-3, BB-4
laris, Script TC19,
TC71, TC127,
TC137, TC213,
TC248, TC290,
TC327,
(see LER)
malli, erio,
wool
(Greek)
lesh, rrobë e
leshtë, wool
(Albanian)
richno, riximo,
boli, to throw
(Greek)
hedh, flak,
vervis,
jap, to throw
(Albanian)
wool,
laena-a [f] a
cloak,
lanatus-a
um, woolbearing
Page 4 of 18
sattva, being,
existence, reality,
nature, character,
energy, goodness,
spirit, phantom,
spectre, imp,
goblin;
preta, deceased,
dead, adv. {-vat}Å;
[m] a ghost; yakSa
[n], a supernatural
being or apparition,
ghost, spirit; [m], a
class of geni;
abhijana [m],
origin, race, family.
ancestors
pari, jen, fairy
(Persian)
x
x
LARISA, name
(Romanian)
x
x
x
Larissa, place or
personal name;
i.e., Larissa,
Thessaly
Larisa, Script OU-2
x
x
x
x
x
x
Larthi, name;
Larthia, name
(See "ia"
genetive suffix
pattern for
personal names)
Larthi, Script PL-1
Larthia, PM-2
czarodziejski,
magiczny,
pedal,
pederasta, fairy;
fantazja, kaprys,
wyobraznia,
fantasy (Polish)
lauma, fairy
(BalticSudovian)
LER, lars,
penates, gods
(Romanian)
bwci [m],
bugbear, bogey,
ghost,
hobgoblin;
bwgan -od [m],
bogey, ghost,
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
x
ravân, div,
ghost; nasim,
breeze; ruband,
parde, padâm,
mask; (Persian)
bryza,
latwizna,
wietrzyk,
breeze
(Polish)
lauma,
fairy
(BalticSudovian)
frogonos,
ancestor;
neraidan, fairy;
phantasia,
arua [larua]-ae
appearance;
aura, breeze
[f] a ghost,
(Greek)
spectre, a mask
fantazmë,
lugat,
spectre
(Albanian)
x
x
x
x
jas, jasate, to be
exhausted,
languish;
glAsnu, adj.,
exhausted
xaste, mânde,
bizâr, adj.,
mânde, bizâr
[n], weary
(Persian)
oproznic,
wyczerpac,
exhaust
(Polish)
LAS, I let,
LĂSA, to
let, LASĂ,
you/he/she/they
let
(Romanian)
x
x
x
anukathana,
discourse,
orderly
narration
soxanrâni,
oration
(Persian)
x
larva (larua)-ae,
f.
scarecrow,
hobgoblin
drychiolaeth-au
[f], apparition,
phantom, ghost,
goblin,
phantasm;
ysbryd-ion
[m], ghost,
spirit,
apparition
(Welsh)
brezza [f],
breeze
(Italian)
fantasma,
apparizione
[m]; aura [f]
breeze spectre,
fantome [m;
brise [f] breeze]
(French)
x
exantlo, to
exhausted
(Greek)
gajas, to
exhaust
(Albanian)
lluddedu, to
tire,
weary, exhaust,
fatigue, jade
(Welsh)
laighe, v. lying,
reclining,
subsiding;
laigse [f]
weakness,
debility,
lasso-are, to
feebleness
make weary, to
(Scott)
exhaust
annoito, stanco,
lassitudeo-inis
tedioso, weary;
[f]
affaticare,
weariness,
annolare,
exhaustion;
make weary;
licet, licere,
lasciare, to
licuit or licitum,
leave, weary
it is allowed
(Italian)
achever,
débiliter, to
exhaust;
fatigue,
lassitude [f]
ennui [m], las,
fatigué adj.,
weary
lasser, to leave,
weary (French)
x
x
x
laesio-onis [f]
araith, areithiau
[f], speech,
oration,
address,
discourse,
harangue;
arawd,
arodion [f],
speech, oration,
harangue,
praise, prayer
(Welsh)
arringa [f],
harangue,
orazione [f],
oration (Italian)
harangue [f],
harangue
oration
dimigoria,
logos,
agorefsi,
oration
(Greek)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
ghost [<OE gast],
spectre; bogy,
[<orig., unknown]
hobgoblin
breeze [<OSp.
briza, northeast
wind?], aura [<Gr.
aura]?
Page 5 of 18
laro, larth?
(LARO) Script
LS-1
laro, laru (LARV),
Script TC108,
K43, AN31;
LS-1, PL-19
ghost, spectre,
mask
larfaia, laruaia
(LARFAIA), Script
PG-2
(Note "F" = "U" as
in "aule" (AFLE),
esuis (ESFIS),
Euan, Bacchus
(EFAN)
to make weary,
exhaust
allow, let, leave
las, Script Au86
lasier, Script BS-7
(See also leis)
Lasa, Etruscan
female divinity,
title
lasa, Script CAC-2,
DC-2, DM12,
DM14, DS-3
an oratorical
attack, harangue
[<Med. Lat.
harenga]
lasio (lasiv),
Script
R359
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
Page 6 of 18
(French)
Ar, Aryati,
gUrdhay,
gUrdhayati;
navana,
mahana [n], nuti,
pariSTuti, prastuti
[f], praise; stoma
[m], praise, song of
praise.
setâyes, parastes
[n], sotudan, to
praise (Persian)
chwalic,
pochwala,
praise (Polish)
LAUD, to laud
(Romanian)
epainos,
epaino,
doxazo, praise
(Greek)
lavd, lëvdatë,
lavdërim,
praise
[n]; lavdëroj,
lëvdoj, mburr,
to
praise
(Albanian)
x
x
x
x
x
Lâtin, adj.,
Lâtin,
Ruiye kohan [n],
Latin (Persian)
LATINĂ, f.
(Romanian)
Latinos,
Latinika,
latinikos
(Greek)
x
x
x
x
Lato-us f. and
Latona-ae, f.
the mother of
Apollo and
Diana
x
Latona, mother
Apollo
x
x
x
x
Lucilius-a-um
name of a
Roman gens.
x
Laucilia, person's Laucilia
(LAVCILIA)
name
(Note "ia" genitive Script CJ-4
suffix)
setâyes, parastes
[n], sotudan, to
praise (Persian)
chwalic,
pochwala,
praise (Polish)
epainos,
epaino,
doxazo, praise
(Greek)
lavd, lëvdatë,
lavdërim,
praise
[n]; lavdëroj,
lëvdoj, mburr,
to
praise
(Albanian)
palpUlay, -layati, to
wash in lye, wash
or
cleanse; kSal,
kSAlayati, to wash,
cleanse; nij, pp.
{nikta3} (q.v.), I.
{ne3nekti,
nenikte3},
to wash, cleanse,
purify; plu, plavate,
to float, swim,
bathe,
sail; spRz, spRzati,
to touch, touch
water, wash or
sprinkle with water
sostosu kardan,
âbtani kardan
myc, mycie,
prac,
pranie,
przemywanie,
wash; kapac sie,
kapiel,
przemywac,
bathe (Polish)
LĂUT, washing,
bathing; LĂUA,
LĂIA , to bathe
(Romanian)
pleno,
plenomai,
nibo, nibomai,
plysi, wash
ygraino,
moisten;
louomai,
kolympo,
louzo, banio,
kolympi
(Greek)
laj, lahem, bëj
banjë, lag,
përplasem, lyej
muret, to wash
(Albanian)
lavo, lavare,
lavere, lavi,
lautum or lotu
or lavatum
golchi, to wash,
bathe, flush,
lather; ymolchi,
to wash
oneself, bathe
(Welsh)
lavare, bagnare
(Italian);
laver, baigner,
nettoyer, to
wash,
clean, scour
(French)
probably to wash
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Ar, Aryati,
gUrdhay,
gUrdhayati;
navana,
mahana [n], nuti,
pariSTuti, prastuti
[f], praise; stoma
[m], praise, song of
praise.
frâmraot [fra
izjaviti, objaviti
ordain (Serbo
Croatian)
laudo-are, to
praise;
laus-laudis,
fame,
glory
canmol,
clodfori, moli
(moliannu), to
praise,
commend, laud,
to praise [<Lat.
extol (Welsh)
pretium-i, price]
lodare, elogiare
(Italian)
louer (French)
wasa, to esteem
(Hittite)
x
x
Latinus-a-um;
Latium-i
Lladin [f],
(Welsh)
latino adj.
(Italian)
latin, adj.
(French)
laodo-are, to
praise;
laus-laudis,
fame, glory;
cheirotomo,
thespizo,
proorizo,
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
Leda, Queen of
Sparta, wife of
King Tyndarous
Latium, Latin
canmol,
clodfori, moli
(moliannu), to
praise,
to praise;
commend, laud,
(see wash)
extol (Welsh)
lodare, elogiare
(Italian)
louer (French)
[<OE wacsan],
bathe [<OE
bathian], moisten
late, Script AK-5
lath, Script M60
Latfa (LATFA)
Script CM-1, DA-1
Latina, Script
TC90, TC213,
TC338
Lato, Leto (LaTV)
Script Q713, R306,
R560, R663
laues (LAFES)
Script TC120,
VF-4
lavo (LAFV),
Script AN42,
LAVS, Script
TC213, SC-1
lavan (LAVAN),
Script DN-6
lautin (LAVTiN),
Script K7
Lavo (LAYO)
Script AJ-9
laues (LAFES)
Script TC120, VF4
lavo, lauo (LAFV),
Script AN42,
laos, laus (LAVS),
Script
TC213, SC-1
lavan, lauan
(LAVAN), Script
DN-6
lavtin, lautin
(LAVTiN), Script
K7
Lavo (LAYO)
Script AJ-9
LE, Le (see LA)
archebu, to
order;
gorchymn, to
command,
order,
decree,
prescribe,
enjoin;
lluniaethu, to
order, ordain,
decree; ysgrifau [f], writing
(Welsh)
faoillsich,
reveal, make
manifest,
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
lekhaani, writings;
likh, likhati (-te),
scratch, furrow,
draw a line, write,
delineate, paint, cut
in, chisel, form,
smooth, polish
mrû], declare
(Avestan)
dastur, sefâres,
order [n],
farmudan, to
order dâvar,
dâdvar, judge
[n], dâdvari
kardan, to judge
(Persian)
wyswiecic,
zarzadzac,
ordain, prawo,
ustawa, law;
legat, spadek,
zapis, legacy;
pismo, utwor,
writing (Polish)
zahad [m],
ordain
(Belarus)
to order;
graphein,
to write
(Greek)
urdhëroj,
trashëgim, to
ordain; kërkoj,
to
demand;
shkrim,
writing
(Albanian)
lego-are
declare; lagh
[m.] law, order,
method;
laghail, adj.
legal, lawful
(Scott)
ordinare,
decretare. vi.
to order; legato
[m] legacy
(Italian)
ordonner,
ordainer,
décréter, to
order, ordain;
legs [m] legacy,
bequest
(French)
wätk to order,
(Tocharian)
hãkka, to
demand;
uwêti, writes
(Lycian)
budowac,
hodowac,
podniesc,
podwyzka,
podwyzszyc,
wywolywac,
wznosic,
zbierac,
raise (Polish)
anypsono,
sykono,
anelkystiras,
anypsosi, lift;
sikono,
psilono,
anatrefo, raise
(Greek)
gradoj, ngre,
levo-are, to
lartësoj,
raise up; to
ngazëllej,
smooth, polish
përmirësoj,
elevate [n];
coj, ngre, rrit,
shtoj, lartësoj,
gradoj, ngjhall,
ringjall,
shkaktoj, to
raise
(Albanian)
codi (cyfodi),
to raise, lift,
exalt, erect,
heave,hoist,
rear, cock,
exact, levy,
prick, rise,
mount (Welsh)
elevare, to
elevate, lift,
exalt (Italian)
lever, to rise,
arise, stand up,
clear up
(French)
ninikzi, he lifts,
raises wala, to
lift (Hittite)
pArIndra [m] lion
kesarin, maned; [m] mâdesir
(Persian)
lion; mahAsiMha
[m], great lion
lwica, lioness
(Polish)
LEI, lions
(Romanian)
leaina (Greek)
luaneshë
(Albanian)
lea-ae and
laena [f]
llewes-au [f]
(Welsh)
leonessa [f]
(Italian)
lionne [f]
(French)
x
x
x
x
x
dul, dolayati, to
raise, swing; gur,
gurate, to lift up
{apa}, reject,
revile; tul, tolayati,
lift up, weigh,
examine, compare,
equal, match, raise;
acita & aJcita,
bend, move, go,
exalt, honour, lift
up, raise
gorasa [m] cowmilk, milk; dA,
dadAti, datte,
dadati, -te (dAti,
dadmi), to give,
bestow, concede,
remit, yield, grant,
allow, etc.
boland kardan,
barpâ kardan,
afrâstan, to raise
(Persian)
x
gozâstan,
vâgozâr
kardan, hestan,
to let; sir [n],
dusidan, to milk
(Persian)
doic, mleko,
milk, dopuscic,
let, pozwolic,
sprawic,
wynajac, let
(Polish)
LAS, LĂS, I let
(Romanian)
gaia, armago,
let
out (Greek)
lejoj, lë, jap,
llogarus; to let
out, let go;
lëng, n. milk,
njel, to milk
(Albanian)
lac, lactis, milk,
milky sap, milk
-white;
licet, licere,
lecuit or
licitum, it is
allowed; one
can or may;
licens-entis,
free,
unrestrained
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
gollwng, to
drop,
loose, let go,
absolve,
broach,
discharge,
dismiss,
release,
relieve, leak;
blith-ion [m],
milk; llaeth,
milk,
buttermilk;
llefrith-od,
[m]. milk,
sweet milk,
new milk
(Welsh)
leig, va. to let,
let out, let go,
permit, allow,
milk, rain
(Scott)
latte [m] milk
(Italian)
laisser, to leave,
to let, to allow,
to permit, to
to ordain, order
[<Lat. ordo]
leave as legacy,
writing [<OE
writan]; inscribe
(<Lat. inscribo
-scribere -scripsi
scriptum], to write
in or on]
Page 7 of 18
lecin, Script Z289,
Z990, they
ordain?
leua (LEFA),
Script ZB-2,
Script ZB-2
to raise, lift up,
ease; to arise,
stage [<Lat. stare,
to stand]
a lioness
Larentia, the most
beautiful
prostitute in
Rome, goddess of
the Laurentalia?
to let, let out, let
go, permit, allow,
to milk [<OE
milc], to rain;
to strike?
leue (LEFE),
Script Z981,
Z1013, Z1027,
TC120
leues (LEFES),
Script Z148,
Z176, MF-4
(LEF_S)
lei, Script Q297,
K74, TC144
leia, Script XS-2
(nom. pl?)
leiem, Script PQ-9
(sing. acc.)
Leinth or Leinr
(LEINO) Script
CF-5, CZ-1
leis, Script TC
150
(See laeti above,
L. laedo, ladere,
laesi, laesum, to
strike, hurt, injure)
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
Page 8 of 18
quit, abandon;
lait [m]
milk (French)
lila, expiation,
lilai, to release
(Hittite)
x
x
aGga, adj. [f], limb,
member, body, part,
theme; zuti [f],
hearing, ear, sound,
sacred tidings, holy
writ, appellation,
title
zamine, rise,
theme [n]; nâm,
laqab, titr, title
(Persian)
x
x
pArIndra [m] lion,
kesarin, maned [m]
lion
kSauma [f]{I}
made
of linen; n. linen
garment, linseed;
tandra [n], series,
line; rAji or {rAjI}
[f], streak, line, row
x
x
temat, theme;
naglowek,
prawo,
tytul, title
(Polish)
thema, theme
(Greek)
motiv, temë,
lëndë, theme;
emër, titull, e
drejtë, titra,
title [n],
titulloj, to title
(Albanian)
LEMNOS,
woody
(Romanian)
sir, lion;
madesir, lioness
(Persian)
lew, lion; lwica,
lioness (Polish)
derâz, xatti,
kaside, adj.
linear katân,
malâfe, karbâs,
adj., [n],
linen (Persian)
branza,
dziedzina,
granica,
kolejka,
kreska,
krotki list,
lina, linia,
liniowac,
porszyc,
polaczenie
telefoniczne,
przewod,
rola,
specjalnosc,
szereg,
sznur,
ustawic w
szeregu,
wers,
zakres,
line;
bielizna,
lniany,
plocienny,
plotno,
linen
(Polish)
lina
(BalticSudovian)
LENEA,
the
laziness,
LENE,
laziness,
LENES,
lazy
(Romanian)
x
lectus-a-um
x
lemma-atis
testun-au [m],
text, theme,
subject; thema
-u [f], theme;
teitl-au [m],
title,
appellation
(Welsh)
tema [m]
(Italian)
thême, sujet,
titre [m]
(French)
Lemnos [us]-i;
adj. Lemnius-aum, Lemnian
x
llew-od-ys [m],
lion;
llewes-au [f]
(Welsh)
leóghann, lion
(Scott)
leone [m] lion;
leonesse [f]
lioness;
lena, breath,
wind,
vigor (Italian);
lion [m] lion;
lioness
[f] lioness;
souffler, to
breath (French)
liontari, lion;
leaina, lioness
(Greek)
luaneshë,
lioness; luan,
lion (Albanian)
leaena, lioness,
leo, lion
leno-ire, to be
lenient, relieve,
to make mild
linea-ae, thread,
line
lino yfasma,
asproroucha,
linen;
grammikos,
linear; linear
(mat) vizor,
linear;
metriazo,
kolazo,
mitigate
(Greek)
dretoj, radhit
radhis, rreshtoj
linear
(Albanian)
lliain, llieiniau
[m],
linen, cloth,
towel;
llinellaidd, adj.,
linear llin [m],
flax, line,
lineage (Welsh)
linea-ae [f];
lino [m] flax;
lineo
linea [f] line;
are, to make
lineare, adj.
straight;
linear; tela [f]
lena-ae [f] a
linen, cloth,
procuress, bawd canvas;
leno-ire, to
clemente,
indulgent, adj.
make
mild, mitigate,
lenient
relieve; linum-i, (Italian)
lin [m] flax,
flax, linen
linen; linge [m]
linen; linéaire,
adj.linear;
ligne[f] line;
indulgent,
aducissant,
lénitif, adj.
lenient (French)
chosen, selected;
choice, excellent
lektum, lektom
(LEKTVM) Script
PG-4
theme [<Gk.
thema],title,{<Lat. lem, Script Z572,
titulus-i [m]] an
Z1378, AG-1
epigram
Greek Island
Lemnos
Lemnos
(LEMNOS) Script
XB-32
lioness?
breath, wind,
vigor, energy?
relieve, to make
mild?
lena, Script
Z1292, Z1326
(see lei, lion),
Script Z1292,
Z1326
lena,Script Z1292,
Z1326, Script
line, linen, flax,
linen thread,
string? to
mitigate,
lenient?
Z1292,
Z1326
leni, Scripts
TC127, TC236,
BT26
lenies, Script
R426
LeNE, Script Z65
sythu, to
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
dan, da3n,
straighten
râst kardan,
dorost kardan, to
straighten|
(Persian)
porzadkowac,
prostowac,
straighten
(Polish)
x
x
LIPSI, to lack
(Romanian)
eythys, isios,
kateytheian,
straight
(Greek)
dreijohem,
rregulloj,
squaroj,
korrigoj, to
straighten
(Albanian)
linea-ae, [f] a
linen thread;
lineo-are, to
make straight
stiffen,
straighten,
starve with
cold; syth [f],
stiff, erect,
perpendicular,
straight
(Welsh)
lean, va.
follow, adhere
to, stick to,
continue
(Scott)
lineara,
adj.linear;
raddrizzare, to
straighten;
diriturra,
straightness [f]
(Italian)
linéare, adj.
linear;
droit, adj.
straight;
redresser, to
straighten
(French)
x
lepus-oris
x
Page 9 of 18
lena,Script Z1292,
Z1326, Script
Z1292,
Z1326
to make straight
[<ME strecchen]?
(probably to
relieve, make
mild)
hare, rabbit?
lepsi, Script PC-6
laurel, bay tree;
triumph?This
word is used like
"lord."
ler, Script Z5,
K16, PL-5, PL-7
lere, Script N26
leres, Script Z155
leri, Script Z127,
Z129, Z224,
Z851, K21
lerni, Script PL-26
leni, Scripts
TC127, TC236,
BT26
lenies, Script
R426
LeNE, Script Z6
LAUR, laurel
(Romanian)
Lerna, town
south of Argos
where the
Alcyonian
Lake, entrance
to Hades, was
located
(Greek)
laurus-i, f. the
laurel or bayx
tree; meten.
triumph, victory
x
x
les, legis
x
law
les, Script R521,
G18, K36, PL-1,
XQ-5
zamAy, -yati; seek
for peace of mind;
{ya3te} bring to
rest
i.e., kill.; muT,
moTate, to break or
cut off, strangle,
kostan, to kill
smother, kill;
(Persian)
ghAtay, -yati (yate), punish, slay,
kill, destroy; mr,
marati, marate, to
die,
depart from life,
{mAra3yati} ({-te},
kill, slay
zabic, kill
(Polish)
skotono, to kill
(Greek)
vras, ves gazit,
to
slay; i jap
fund,
vras, heq,
dëmtoj,
zhduk, shuaj,
rrëzoj,
shkatërroj,
to kill
(Albanian)
leto-are; to kill,
slay;
Lato-us and
Latona-ae [f],
mother of
Apollo and
Diana
lladd, to kill,
slay,
slaughter, cut
(Welsh)
uccidere,
ammazzare,
distruggere
(Italian)
tuer, détruire;
meurtre
[m], murder,
meurtrir,
to bruise
(French)
kwen, to kill
(Hittite)
to kill [<ME
killen], slay[<OE
slean]; murder
[<OE morthor]
possibly the
Roman Goddess
Lato [Latona]
LeTh, M67
leto (LETV),
Scripts Z160,
Q183;
LeTV, Scripts
Q713, R306,
R560, R663
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
LI (See LA)
x
x
x
x
fidelis, fidus
leale (Italian)
loyal, adj.
(French)
loyal (It. leale,
adj., Fr. Loyal,
adj., L fidelis,
fidus)
5
x
x
x
x
x
x
Lycia? (probably a Licei, Script CP-25
noun, "ei" suffix
as in Elinei.
x
x
LIMAN, end,
shore, coast
(Romanian)
x
limen-inis
limitare, soglia
(Italian)
seuil, m.
(French)
threshold,
doorway,
entrance, house,
dwelling
gyalizo,
gyalisma,
polish; gializo,
ampryno,
brighten;
fakelos,
katatheto,
archeio, file
(Greek)
limo-are;
lustro-are
to brighten,
illumine polioire, to polish,
file, make
smooth, esp. to
cover with
white, whiten;
to
caboli, to
polish,
furbish, gloywi,
to
brighten,
polish,
clarify, furbish;
llathru, to
polish (Welsh)
lìomh, va. to
polish, smooth
to polish [<L.
polio-ire], file
down
x
x
ghRS, gharSati,
polish, crush,
pound;
likh, likhati (-te),
scratch, write,
chisel,
form polish
x
x
pâlâyes dâdan,
jalâ dâdan, to
polish
(Persian)
ozywic,
rozjasnic,
brighten, dobrze
wymieszany,
gladki, rowny,
spokojny,
wygladzac,
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
Lerni – Lerna?
mythological
entrance to Hades
liallial, Script SM-
liman, Script XS-6
limo (LIMV),
Script Au76,
Script
Au76
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
smooth (Polish)
x
x
lustroj, lëmoj
(Albanian)
x
x
adorn, to finish
off; luceolucere, luxi, to
be bright
Linas, gens.
Page 10 of 18
(Scott)
lucidare
(Italian)
polir (French)
Linas, Script
AK-6
x
person's name,
Linas
cyngaws
(cynghawsau
-ion) [m],
lawsuit,
action (Welsh)
causa [f]
(Italian)
procès [m]
(French)
legal controversy,
action, suit, strife,
lis, Script TC190,
quarrel, process
[<Lat. processusScript TC190
us,
advance, progress]
, Script AK-1
Linii, Script
AK-10 (gen. pl.)
kAryadarzana, n.
trial of a law-suit;
pakSa, wing,
feather, side,
thesis, action, law
suit; nyAya,
norm, standard,
logical argument,
law-suit
dâdxâhi, lawsuit
ruydâd, tazes,
process [n]
(Persian)
proces,
lawsuit
(Polish)
diki, agogi,
lawsuit
filoniko,
filonikia,
kavgas, quarrel
lis, litis [f]
(Greek)
gjyq, proçes,
process;
procedim
(Albanian)
x
x
x
x
lixa-ae
x
camp followers
LISIAI, Script PA7
x
x
LOC, location;
LOCURI,
locations
(Romanian)
x
locus-i
posizione,
collocamento,
locazione
(Italian)
emplacement,
site, repérage,
situation
(French)
location, place
lokes (LOKES)
Script XB-2
loci (LVCI) Script
K170
jyotiH ru bhaaH,
bhaati
sabok, âhesete,
light, adv.,
rowsan kardan,
âtas zadan, to
light (Persian)
jasny,
lampa,
lekki, lit,
ogien,
oswietlac,
rozpalic,
swiatlo,
swiecic,
zapalic,
light
(Polish)
palic, v.
imp.,
spalic, v.
perf.,
burn
(Belarus)
LUCI, to
light
(Romanian)
x
x
vx
sol, gosâd, âzâd,
adj., adv. loose;
tuzes, atonement
[n] (Persian)
luzno, luzny,
obwisly, puscic,
rozluznic,
rozwiazany,
sypki, wolno,
wolny, loose;
odpokutowac,
expiate (Polish)
LUA, to take
(Romanian)
apanunutsu
adj., desiring to
remove or expiate;
hvu, hvute, conceal
from, refuse, deny,
satisfy, apologize,
expiate
phos, light;
lampo, bright
(Greek)
ndizet, ndlem,
ulet, ndesh
(Albanian)
lux, lucis,
luceo;
cynnau, to
kindle,
light, ignite;
goleuo (goleu),
to light,
enlighten,
illuminate,
elucidate,
irradiate
golau,
goleuadau [m],
light; lleu, llug,
bright
(Welsh)
soillse [m]
light, ray of
light,
brightness;
(Scott)
luce [f], light;
lucidare, to
polish, shine
(Italian)
lustre [m]
brilliance;
lucide, clearheaded
(French)
luks, to
illuminate,
(Tocharian)
luga, to burn
down
(Lycian)
lukkai, to light,
shine (Hittiete)
x
x
x
timoroumai,
exileonomai,
atone;
(Greek)
shlyej, vë në
vend, to
expiate
(Albanian)
luo, luere, lui,
luiturus, to
expiate
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
gwneud iawn,
to do (gwneud)
right iawn =
adj. right, to
atone, make
amends, expiate
(Welsh)
espiare (Italian)
expier (French)
lila, expiation,
lilai, to release
light [<OE leoht]
Lotoi? name
to loose [<ON
lauss], expiate
[<Lat. expio-are],
atone for
los (LVS) Script
TC71, PL-6, PL20, R123, Z147
los (LOS) Script
XE-6, XQ-3
losa (LVSA)
Script BB-2
losan (LVSAN),
they light, Script
Z543;
(Note: Script PL
is the Piacenza
Liver)
Lotuoi, Script ON3
lua (LVA) Script
BT-35
lui (LVI), Script
M-8;
luis (LVIS) or
LVISNA Script
TC103 Note: (3)
luit (LFIT) Script
XC-6
lur (LVR), Script
Z582;
luri (LVRI),
Script Z463, HA-
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
(Hittite)
x
x
x
x
Page 11 of 18
1;
LURS (LVRvS),
Script M24, M32
(see lus (LFS)
priest's apron?
llumas (LYMAS)
limus-i, m.
x
moon [<OE
mona], a month
[<OE monath]
lune (LVNE),
Script Z1835,
R125, R136,
R149; K164?
Script XJ-5
shashii sudhaakar,
soma
mâh [-]
(Avestan)
mâh, moon,
month (Persian)
mesec
(SerboCroatian)
ksiezyc,
moon;
miesiac,
month
(Polish)
miesiac
(Belarus)
menikas
(BalticSudovian)
LUNA,
moon
(Romanian)
x
x
x
x
jambAla, mud,
clay;
paGka, mud, dirt;
kardama [m], mud,
slime;
masRNay, -yati,
soften, smoothen;
mRdU bhU,
become
soft, soften
x
gel, lajan, mud
(Persian)
narm kardan,
kam kardan (to
soften (Persian)
x
bloto, mul, mud
(Polish)
LĂUTĂ,
washed,
bathed;
LAUTU(L), the
wash, the bath
mieknac,
zlagodzic,
zmiekczyc,
soften;
chudy, leant,
opierac sie,
pochylac sie,
sklaniac sie,
lean
(Polish)
selini (Greek)
hënë, satlit,
moon; muaj,
month
(Albanian)
luna-ae, moon,
mensis (month)
lleuad-au [f],
lloer-au [f],
moon; misoedd [m],
month (Welsh)
gealach [f.]
mìos [m] ré,
moon, season
(Scott)
loar (Breton)
mese [m]
month;
lune [f] moon
(Italian)
mois [f] month;
lune [f] moon
(French)
mañ, month,
(Tocharian)
arma, moon;
mehur, a
month (Hittitte)
x
lumbus, m.,
loins
lonza, f., Italian
longe, f.,
French
loins?
luns (LVNS),
ScriptPL-28
(Area of Piacenza
Liver)
luo, luere, lui,
luiturus, to
loose,
expiate, atone
for, make good
lasciar, to
loose;
espiare, to
atone
(Italian)
lâcher, to loose;
expier,
to atone
(French)
lila, expiation,
lilai, to
release (Hittite)
to loose [<OE
lauss], expiate,
atone for
lus (LFS) Script
PL-29 (see lur
(LVR)
lutum-i
baw [m], dirt,
mire, filth,
mud, muck,
dung,
excrement;
llaca [m], mire,
mud, puddle;
llaid (lleidiau)
[m],
mud, mire,
ooze (Welsh)
fango [m]
(Italian)
boue, fange [f]
(French)
mud [<ME
mudde], mire
[<ON myrr], dirt
[<ON drit],
clay [<OE claeg];
this may be
the name of a
town, Luta
luta, lota
(LVTA), Script
G11, G15, G36
loto, luto, lutu
(LVTV) Script
L27, G34
macero-are
esmwytho, to
ease, soothe,
soften,
alleviate,
relieve;
meddalu, to
soften, mollify,
macerate;
tyneru, to make
tender, soften,
mollify,
relent (Welsh)
maoth, adj.
soft,
tender, delicate,
effeminate;
maothaich, va.
soften,
alleviate,
become softer,
become
delicate (Scott)
to soften [<OE
softe, pleasant],
make weak,
reduce, torment,
tease, vexan;
make lean,[<OE
hlaene],
make tender
[<Lat. tener -era erum, tender,
delicate, soft,
young ]
mac, Script ZA-3,
Z819
maci, Script ZA-3
See also MvLAK
x
laspi,
borboros,
mud (Greek)
baltë, llucë,
shpifje, punë
dreqi, punë e
ndyrë, mud
(Albanian)
malakos,
apalos,
soft; tryferos,
prosfero,
prosfora
(Greek)
lehtësoj, zbut,
zbus, to soften
(Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
Page 12 of 18
magro [lean]
ammorbidire,
vt, to soften
(Italian)
macérer, to
macerate
(French)
male, evil
(Italian)
mauvais, bad,
evil (French)
bad, evil; possibly
Mavors-vortis,
archaic and poetic
for Mars.
maf (MAF),
Script , Script
S-8
malizioso
(Italian)
malicieux,
méchant
(French)
mischievous,
evil-doing
malafais
(MALAFAIS),
Script CAA-2
kakos, kako,
evil; dysmenis,
unfavorable
(Greek)
malus-a-um
i pafavorshëm,
ikeq, ugly;
ekeqe, mëkat,
evil (Albanian)
drwg (cyddrwg,
gwaeth,
gwaethaf), adj.
bad, evil,
naughty,
wicked, ill;
drygionus,
adj. bad,
wicked, evil
naughty;
anhardd, adj.
unhandsome,
unseemly,
ugly ;
annillyn, adj.
inelegant,
ugly, clumsy,
unseemly;
cethin, adj.,
dark, fierce,
ugly; diolwg,
hagr,
adj. ugly; hyll
(f. hell; pl.
hellion) adj.
ugly, hideous,
grisly,
gruesome
(Welsh)
duaichnidh, adj.
ghastly,
gloomy, ugly;
grànda, adj.
ugly, ill favored
(Scott)
male [f] evil,
ill, sin; brutto,
adj. ugly
(Italian)
mal [m] evil,
hurt,
harm, pain,
wrong, disease;
laid, adj. ugly;
male, adv.
badly
(French)
sakhar, dirt
(Hittite)
unfavorable, bad
unsuccessful,
ugly [<ON
uggligr,
frightful], evil
[<OE yfel], bad
[<ME badde], hell
[<OE helle]
male, Script Z614,
Z622, Z629,
TC201, R370
malo (MALV),
Script R370
malus (MALvS,
Script DE-7
mastos, stithos
(Greek)
kraharor,
gjoks, gji, sisë,
zemër,
ndjenja, breast
(Albanian)
brest-iau [f],
breast, chest;
bron -nau, nydd
[f], breast;
dwyfron
nau [f], breast,
chest; mynwesau [f], breast,
bosom (Welsh)
petto [m]
(Italian)
mamelle [f]
(French)
breast [<OE
breost]
mamar, Script
AD-1
madre [f];
mamma [f]
(Italian)
mer, maman [f]
Mamu, name?
mum, mom,
momma, ma,
mother?
mamamu or mami
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
W-kesh; E-vad
(Armanian)
mala, dirt, rubbish;
malinay, -yati, to
soil, defile
akha, bad,
evil; angra
(Avestan)
bad, sum,
ziyânâvar, adj.,
ziyânâvar, evil
[n] (Persian)
uras[n] breast,
uraska,
adj.; stana [n], the
breast of a woman;
kuca [m], the
female
breast
sine, pestân,
breast (Persian)
x
x
neispravan,
rdjav,
zao
(SerboCroatian)
zlo, zly,
evil;
brzydki,
ugly;
niedobry,
worse,
zepsuty,
zlo, zly,
bad
(Polish)
brydki
(Belarus)
piktas,
vargas,
bad, evil
(BalticSudovian)
piers, breast
(Polish)
MAMAR,
mammary
(Romanian)
MAMA, MAMI, x
mother
(Romanian)
malus-a-um,
bad, evil
maleficus-aum; adv.
malefice)
mamma-ae [f]
x
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
(MAMY) Script
XM-5
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
Page 13 of 18
(French)
zeSI bhU, be left,
remain; As, Aste,
stay remain, seat
yourself; sthA,
tiSThati, -te, stand,
stay, wait; sah,
sahate (-ti),
overpower,
withstand, suffer,
endure
x
Aj _ apti, f. order,
command;
rAjazAsana, n.
royal edict or
order; zAsti, f.
punishment,
order, command
pastya, habitation,
stall, stable; [f], pl.
house, dwelling,
family, sgl. the
goddess of a house;
gotra [m] cow-stall,
race, family
muSTihan, fighting
hand to hand;
prahasta, the
outstretched hand
mândan,
bâzmândan, to
remain (Persian)
pozostac,
pozostalosci,
resztki, szcatki,
remain (Polish)
RĂMÂNI, stay
(Romanian)
meno,
apomeno,
remain (Greek)
mbetem, to
remain
(Albanian)
maneo, manere,
mansi,
mansum;
manto-are, to
wait for
aros, to wait,
await, stay,
stop, linger,
tarry, abide,
remain,
continue;
georffwys,
to rest, repose,
remain;
dioddef, to
suffer, bear,
endure, wait
(Welsh)
seas, va. and
vn.,
stand, support,
endure, last
(Scott)
restare, rimane;
aspettare,
durare
to wait (Italian)
rester,
demeurer;
attendre, to
wait
(French)
x
x
Athena
(Greek)
Minerva-ae [f]
x
Minerva-ae [f]
goddess of skill,
wisdom; wit, art
MANeRIFA,
Script M13
mando-are; to
mandate;
dico-dicere-dixi
dictum, to
indicate,
appoint, to say,
speak, tell
archebu, to
order;
gorchymn, to
command,
order,
decree,
prescribe,
enjoin; hwylio,
to sail, prepare,
order, attune,
embark,
lluniaethu, to
order, ordain,
decree (Welsh)
mandato [m]
mandate;
dichiarare, to
declare
(Italian)
mandat [m]
mandate;
dire, to say
(French)
to commit,
mandate, entrust,
to order [<Lat.
ordoinis [m], a
series, order], to
dictate
[<L.dico -dicere
dixi -dictum]
MANTeR, Script
R381
(see man)
mandra-ae [f.];
stable,
pascuum,
pasture; pecusoris, cattle, a
herd, flock, esp.
of sheep;
stabulo-are,
transit. to stable
cattle; intransit.,
to have a stall
ystabl-au [f],
stable (Welsh)
stàbull [m] a
stable (Scott)
stalla, f. stable
(Italian)
écurie, f. stable
(French)
a stall [<OE
stealle] cattle-pen,
stable, a herd of
cattle, kiosk
[<Pers. kushk]
mantra? Script
Q152
manus-us [f]
llaw (dwylo,
dwylaw)
[f], hand; palfaf [f], palm,
hand, paw
(Welsh)
mano [f] hand
(Italian)
main [f]
(French)
kessar, a hand
hand [<OE hand],
by hand
mano (MANV),
Scripts N206,
Q219;
manu (MAN8),
Script R596
farmân, dastur,
mandate [n]
(Persian)
mandat
(Polish)
entoli, diatagi,
to mandate
dataxi,
taxi to order
paragkelia
systima, tagma
(Greek)
mandat, urdhër
(Albanian)
kushk, portico;
âxor, stable [n]
cupâni, âhange
dasti, rustâyi,
pastoral [n]
rame, gale, herd
[n]; galle, rame
[n], cattle
(Persian)
stabilny, stajnia,
stateczny,
stable;
fotel parterowy,
kosk, kram,
stajnia, stoisko,
stragan, stall;
bydlo, cattle;
stado, tloczyc
sie,
tlum, trzoda,
herd
(Polish)
peku, cattle
(Baltic
Sudovian)
agelio, herd;
statheros,
monimos,
stablas,
stablizo,
stable,
stall (Greek)
grazhd, stallë,
stendë, qoshk
(Albanian)
W-tserk, E-tser
(Armenian)
dast, hand [n]
(Persian)
dlon,
podawac,
przekazywac,
reka,
robotnik,
wreczac,
wskazowka,
hand
(Polish)
MÂNĂ
(A) hand
cheri, dino sto
cheri
(Greek)
dorë
(Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
to remain, stay,
endure, last, wait
for, rest [<OE
rest]
man, Script M50;
mani, Script R530
mano (MANV),
Script N206,
Q219
MANTeR,
Script R381-– see
below
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
abdhi, udadhi
samudra
daryâ, sea
(Persian)
x
nesâne, nesân,
daxse, mark [n]
(Persian)
x
x
Page 14 of 18
(Romanian)
(Hittite)
more,
luka,
sea-port
(SerboCroatian)
morze
(Polish)
mora
(Belarus)
jur'ai
(Baltic
Sudovian)
MARE,
sea
(Romanian)
thalassa
(Greek)
det (Albanian)
mare-is
gweilgi [f], sea,
torrent mor
(moroedd) {m]
(Welsh)
fairge [f] sea,
ocean maraiche
[m], sailor,
mariner; muir
[f], g. mara
(Scott)
mor (Breton)
mare [f]
(Italian)
mar [f], pond;
mer [f] sea;
marin [m]
mariner
(French)
sea
mar, Script Z572,
Z1236, Z1250,
Q406, Q512
maram, Script
Z43
marem, Script
Z1139;
maras, Script S-8
(note "am" and
"em" must be
sing. acc. variant
spelling.)
cel, marka, nota,
ocena,
oznaaczyc,
oznakowac,
stopien,
wypisac,
znacznik, znak
mark (Polish)
MARCA, to
mark
(Romanian)
simeio,
emporiko
sima, bathmos,
symeiono,
bathmologo,
mark (Greek)
lë gjurmë,
shënoj,
etiketoj, vë
vulë, to
mark; kryc,
shenjë, kufi,
vulë, cak,
notë, emër,
tregues, famë,
start, njollë,
mark [n]
(Albanian)
marcus-i;
designare,
notare, to mark
amlygyn-nau
[m],
mark, banner;
marc-iau [m],
mark (Welsh)
marcare, to
mark, score
(Italian)
marque [f]
mark
(French)
Marcus-i, Roman
praenomen;
possibly to mark,
a mark, to note
marca, Script M8
x
Mars
mwyalch,
blackbird; bran
(brain) [f],
crow, rook,
raven (Welsh)
merlo [m]
(Italian)
merle [m]
(French)
blackbird? crow
[<OE crawe]?
MARIS old river
in Romania today called
Mureş
(Romanian)
x
Mars, Martis,
[old form
Mavors])
kAkola, m. raven;
n. acert. poison or
hell;
dhvAGkSa
[m] a crow.
kalâqe siyâh,
zâq, meski,
raven; kalâq,
crow (Persian)
kruczy, kruk,
raven; crew,
piac,
wrona, crow
(Polish)
varna, crow;
varnas, raven;
(BalticSudovian)
MIERLĂ,
blackbird
(Romanian)
x
x
x
x
aparokSay, -yati, to
witness;
karmasAksin
[m], witness of
acts;
vettR, knower,
witness
govâhi dâdan, to
testify; govâhi,
govâh, witness
[n]; govâh
budan, to
witness
(Persian)
dawac
swiadectwo,
swiadczyc,
testify; byc
swiadkiem,
swiadczyc,
swiadek,
zeznanie,
witness
(Polish)
MARTOR,
witness;
MARTIR,
martyr
(Romanian)
martus,
witness;
martyro,
testify
(Greek)
dëshmi,
dëshmitar,
provë, witness
[n]; dëshmoj,
dal
dëshmitar,
shfaq,
to testify
(Albanian)
testor-ari, to
bear
witness
tyst-ion [fm],
witness
(Welsh)
martire [m],
attestare, to
testify (Italian):
martyr [m],
témoigner,
attester, to
testify
(French)
x
x
Ares
v
x
Marti, second
day of week,
Tuesday;
MARTIE, Mars
(Romanian)
kotsyfas
(Greek)
mëllenjë,
mulizezë
(Albanian)
merula-ae [f]
Marsi-orum;
adj. Marsicus
and Marsus-aum
Mars, Martis
[old form
Mavors];
martius-a-um,
adj. from Mars
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
x
Marsi, ancient
people of Latium
martyr, witness
[<OE witnes]
Mars, god of
agriculture and
war; from Mars
Maris, Script CF-1,
CF-6
(see maf)
marle, Script
Z592;
see merlvm
Marsi, Script M60
marten
Script N11, N533;
martir, Script
Z598
Marti,
Script N628, M60;
Marties, Script
N304, N324
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
chaTA [f], mass,
lump, multitude;
rAzi [m], heap,
mass, multitude;
puJja [m], heap,
lump, mass,
multitude of
yeS, yeSati, to boil
up, bubble; mad or
{manda, ma3dati, te, ma3ndati, -te,
mama3tti,
mA3dyati}, pp.
{matta3}, to
bubble,
undulate, boil, be
agitated, or
pleasantly excited,
rejoice at, be mad
or drunk with, to
madden
tude, âyine asâ,
mass [n], tude
kardan, to mass
(Persian)
jusânidan,
jusidan, to boil
(Persian)
gromadzic,
masa,
mnostwo,
msza,
nagromadzenie,
mass
(Polish)
MASA,
table, dine,
to mass
(Romanian)
maza, soros,
ogkos, synolo,
leitourgia,
mazevo,
syssorevo
(Greek)
masë, lëmsh,
grumbull,
meshë,
tufë, shumicë,
sasi, tog, mass
[n] (Albanian)
gotowac, wrzec,
boil (Polish)
brazo, boil
(Greek)
avulloj, ziej,
gatuaj me ujë
të valuar,
valoj, gufon
[deti],
to boil
(Albanian)
to be wet, steam,
to be boiled [<Lat.
bullire], to be
steeped in, about
in
matam, Script
Z761, Z1359,
Z1647
matan, Script
Z1777
(Note: This text is
from the linen
wrappings of the
Zagreb Mummy.
Thus "we
boil" (matam)and
"they
boil" (matan)
mana, mitera
(Greek)
mëmë, nënë
(Albanian)
mater, matris
[f]
x
x
maximus-a-um,
superl. of
magnus-a
um, compar.
maior, maius;
great, large; of
standing, great,
mighty,
powerful,
important
mawr-ion,
cymaint,
mwy, mwyaf,
dj. large, big,
great, high;
ysblennyd, adj.
splendid,
magnificent
(Welsh)
magnanimo
(Italian)
magnifique
(French)
wali, great
(Hittite)
matR^i, maataa,
ambaa; zuzU [f]
mother.
barethrishva
(Avestan)
mâdar (Persian)
x
x
x
x
MAXIMA, the
great
(Romanian)
metgalos,
tranos,
spydaios,
great;
megaloprepis,
magnificent
(Greek)
madështor,
madhërishëm,
I
madhërishëm,
mrekulleshëm,
magnificent;
madh,
famshëm,
fisnik, kryesor,
adj. great
(Albanian)
sokuh, bozorgi,
far,
magnificence;
bozorg, setabr,
meh, adj. great
(Persian)
madeo-ere; to
steam; bullire,
to boil
berwi, to boil,
seethe,
effervesce;
brydio, to burn,
inflame, boil,
throb (Welsh)
boilire, to boil;
vaporizar, to
steam bouillir,
to boil;
s'évaporer, to
steam (French)
to mass
masa, Script BS20
masan, Script
Au83;
MaSaN, Script
Z1164;
maso (MASV),
Script K75, K84,
K92
masnial or masni
al, Script A-4
(Short text eca
suthi masni al
THANCHVILVS
(this is the point,
site of Tanaquil's
tomb?)
màthair (Scott)
mamm (Breton)
mam-au [f]
(Welsh)
mère [f],
maman [f]
(French)
madre [f];
mother [<OE
mamma [f]
modor]; mama
(Italian)
mácar
(Tocharian)
êna (Lydian)
matar
(Phrygian)
(Italian)
xñna, a mother
(Lycian)
majka (Serbo
Croatian)
maci, matka
(Belarus)
mate (Baltic
Sudovian
maharsi, great rishi
(rishi = sage);
pramahas, of great
might
massa-ae [f],
mass, lump
pentwr
(pentyrrau)
[m], heap, pile,
mass; pentyrru,
to heap, pile,
accumulate,
amass; clampiau [m], mass,
lump, bunch,
clump, monster
(Welsh)
massa [f] mass,
bunch (Italian)
masse [f] mass,
heap, crowd;
masser, to mass
(French)
x
kân [n], marâ,
mâle man, pron.
mine; xodam,
myself
(Persian)
ja, mi, mnie, me
(Polish)
ME(A), to me,
mine
(Romanian)
mua, më, ma,
unë, me, pron.
(Albanian)
me
fi, I, me; fy ('m,
'n), my; mi,
pron. I, me;
myfi, pron., I,
me, myself
(Welsh)
me (Italian)
me (French)
x
x
x
x
x
x
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
Page 15 of 18
matra, Script
R426,
matro, matru,
(MATRV),
Script R487
matrob
(MATRO8),
Script R459
Mathuma, person's mathuma, mathoma
name?
(MATHVMA)
Matthew?
Script PA-5
great [<OE great],
glorious,
magnificent
[<Lat.
magnificus-a-um]
maximas
(makimas),
Script VF-6; See
Note (2)
me, to me, myself
me, Script, Z122,
Z224, N149,
N280,N357,
N363, N391,
N485, N582,
Q311,Q360,
Q551, R459,
R474, R619
Me, Script M45
Mean, a Lydian
goddess like
Diana and
Mean, Script DM7, CU-3, CZ-2
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
Page 16 of 18
Artimus, a virgin
huntress who
awarded
Alexander / Paris
with the hand of
Helen, according
to Etruscan
mytholgy, script
DM.
x
x
x
x
x
mecco (Italian)
with me, to me
mek, Script N74,
N112, N139,
N173, N206,
N216, N230,
Q311, Q326,
Q452, Q521,
Q784, Q795,
Q806, Q813,
Q829, Q837,
Q863, Q871,
TC213, Au22
x
x
x
x
x
x
Etruscan name of
Diana, Artimus;
ancient name of
Lydia
MEAN, Script
DM-7
mel, mellis
me+l [m],
honey
(Welsh)
miele, [f] honey
(Italian)
miel [m] honey
(French)
melit, honey
(Hittite)
honey [<OE
hunig], sweetness,
pleasantness;
mead [<OE medu]
mele, Script
Z133, Z224;
meli, Script AJ-1
madhurasa [m],
honey
juice, sweetness;
madhu [f], sweet,
pleasant, agreeable
[n], milk, honey,
Soma, mead, wine
ängabin, asal
honey (Persian);
hingiv (Kurdish)
kochanie!, miod,
honey (Polish)
MIERE, honey
(Romanian)
meli, honey
(Greek)
mjaltë,
ëmbëlsi, një
mrekulli,
shpirti im
[gj.fol.], shpirt
njeriu
(Albanian)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Meleager, prince
of Calydon, hero
of the Calydonian
Boar Hunt
Meliapher
(MELIAØR),
Script DB-2
x
x
x
x
x
même (French)
the self, same?
mem, Script XA26, XE-2
sIsa & {sIsaka}[n]
lead; irajy, -jyati, te, to direct, lead,
dispose of,
command; dIrghI
kR, to lengthen,
lead far away;
RtAy, pp.
{ya3ntra} lead or
make right, observe
the law; be
obedient, pious, or
honest; puras, adv.
in front, forward,
before (also prep.
w. gen., abl., acc.,
or ); eastward, at
first. With {gam}
go
first, take the lead;
Cf. {kR} 1 &
{dhA}
rahbari, pisvâyi,
sorb, lead [n],
rahbari kardan,
to lead (Persian)
doprowadzenie,
glowna rola,
interlinia,
kierowac,
kierownictwo,
led, olow,
prowadnica,
prowadzenie,
prowadzic,
prym,
przewod,
zagranie,
zagrywac, lead
(Polish)
MÂNA, to lead,
to direct, to
conduct, to
guide
(Romanian)
odigo,
kathodigisi,
to lead, guide;
proporevomai,
protia, molybi,
molybdos,
to lead (Greek)
coj, drejtoj,
shpie, jam në
krye, shoqëroj,
kryesoj, bind,
udhëheq, e
bëj të, ndjek,
to
lead; drejtoj,
udhëheq,
komandoj, to
guide
(Albanian)
duco, ducere,
duxi, ductum,
to draw along
or away; to
charm,
influence,
mislead; to
lead, to marry
arwain, to lead;
blaenori, to
lead,
precede, head,
forego; tywys,
to lead, guide
(Welsh)
menare
(Italian)
mener (French)
arnumi, I bring;
tapariala, to
rule;
uwate, to bring,
lead
(Hittite)
x
x
x
Athena
Minerva
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
dazenie,
nous, gnomi,
prosecho,
frontizo,
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
to lead [<OE
laedan], to take, to
deal, to bring, to
conduct, guide,
drive, command
[<OFr. comander]
mena, Script
K128
menas, Script
Z805
mene, Script
Z1835, M60
menes, Script
N160;
menan, Script
K131
meniar, Script
N428
Minerva, goddess
of war
Menelaus,
husband of Helen
of Troy
Menarva
(MENARFA),
Script CN-3
Menrva
(MENRFA) Script
MR-2, MG-3, LM3, CF-4, CK-1,
CX-2, CAB-1, DG3, DK-1
_ _NRFA, Script
OB-1
MENLe, Script
DM-10
bryd-iau [m],
mind, heart,
will; meddwl
(meddyliau)
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
manasy, -syati, -te,
to have in mind,
intend; manasketa
[m], idea (of the
mind)
maqz, andise,
rây, mind [n];
pâyidan,
yâdâvar sodan,
to mind (think);
hozvârdan,
daryâftan,
âsnudan, to
understand
(Persian)
decyzja,
dusza, opinia,
pamiec,
przejmowac sie,
rozum, umysl,
zdanie, zwazac,
zyczenie, mind
(Polish)
MINTE, mind
(Romanian)
mind;
katanoisi,
antilipsi,
synennoisi,
understanding
(Greek)
mend, mendje,
intelekt,
opinion,
shpirt, mind
[n]
(Albanian)
mens, mentis
[f] mind,
understanding,
intellect;
judgment,
feelings,
courage
[m],
thought,
meaning,
opinion, mind
(Welsh)
mente,
pensiero,
intenzione,
inteligenza
arh, arhati, to
deserve, merit, be
liable to, capable of
sazâvâr budan,
sâyestegi,
dâstan, to
deserve
(Persian)
axia, azizo,
merit (Greek)
meritë, vlere,
merit; meritaj,
to
merit, deserve
(Albanian)
mereo-ere
ui-itum;
meritus-a
-um
x
x
x
x
merula-ae
ud, und, unatti,
spring, water,
bubble up, wet,
bathe, immerse,
sprinkle, wet; plu,
plavat, to float,
forubari,
swim, bathe,
senâvari,
submerge, inundate, immersion
(Persian)
immerse; dhA,
dadhAti, dhatte;
dadhati, -t, to put,
set, lay conceal,
immerse, ertc.
zanurzyc,
immerse
(Polish)
MERS,
MERSU, walk,
walking, go,
going
(Romanian)
embythizo,
immerse;
bouto,
bythizo,
boutia,
dip (Greek)
zhyt, zhys,
thith,
ngatërroj, to
immerse
(Albanian)
x
x
x
x
bhuj, bhunakti,
bhuGkte, to enjoy,
cause to enjoy or
eat, feed, reap the
fruit; kRSi [f],
ploughing,
agriculture,
husbandry; field;
{kRSI}); harvest.
derudan, derow
kardan,
parxidan,
to reap; derow,
xarman, harvest
[n], derow
kardan,
to harvest
(Persian)
zbierac zboze,
zbiory, zniwa,
harvest (polish)
therizo, reap;
sygkomidi,
therismos,
harvest
(Greek)
korr, mbledh,
to
reap; korrje,
prodhim,
përfundim,
pasojë, harvest
[n] (Albanian)
meto-metere,
messui,
messum
medi, to reap
(Welsh)
messe [f], crop,
harvest;
mietere, to reap
(Italian)
moisson [f],
harvest,
moisssonner, to
reap (French)
x
x
x
x
x
x
neispravan,
rdjav,
zao
meo, meare;
2nd pers. pres.
mes
kakos, kako,
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
mind,
understanding
mens, Script
R349, R359
to deserve, [<Lat.
desirvio-ire, to
serve zealously,
be a slave to] earn
[<OE earnian],
obtain; deserving,
merit
mer, Script K97,
L38
meres, Au35
meri, Script Z98,
Z317, Z386
merio (MERIV)
Script L38
meritan, Script
PC-11 PC
merito (meritv),
Script R437
esprit,
penchant, avis
[m] (French
zaslugiwac,
deserve;
zaleta,
zasluzyc,
zsluga,
merit
(Polish)
persluzit,
to
deserve
(BalticSudovian)
MERIT, I
merit, to
merit ;
MERITUL,
the merit
(Romanian)
merso-are
Page 17 of 18
haeddiant
(haeddiannau)
[m], merit,
desert, due;
teilyngu, to
deserve, merit;
elwa, to gain,
profit, benefit,
earn; ennill, to
win, gain, earn,
attain, get
(Welsh)
toill, va. (Scott)
meritare
(Italian)
mériter
(French)
merlo (Italian).
merle (French)
blackbird
suddo, to sink,
dive, founder,
immerse,
merge, invest;
trochi,
to dip, plung,
immerse,
drench, duck,
dunk, soil
(Welsh)
immergere
(Italian)
immerger
(French)
to dip, immerse;
x
to go or pass
drwg (cyddrwg,
gwaeth,
gwaethaf), adj.
bad, evil,
naughty,
wicked, ill;
drygionus,
adj. bad,
wicked, evil
naughty;
to reap {<OE
ripan], harvest
[<OE haerfest],
mow down
Metin, name of
person? Medea?
Medusa, Greek
sorceress
merlum
(MERLVM) Script
Z142, Z245, Z470,
Z969, Z1016,
Z1065, Z1602,
Z1832
(see marle)
merso (mersv),
Script Q326,
Q468
mersos
(MERSVS),
Script Q294
mes, Script PQ-6,
PC-10
MeTH, Script
M38
metva (MET8A)
Script Z1216
metua, metoa
(METVA) Script
CT-1
metin, Script CJ-3
Metus, Metos
(METVS) Script
DG-2
meva (ME8A)
Script Q117
(See peiu [PEIV]
Script N268)
10/6/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
asatkArya [n], an
evil deed; durAdhI,
adj. evil-minded;
durvAc [f], evil
speech; duzcit, adj.
thinking evil;
dUDhI, adj., evil
minded
W-kesh; E-vad
(Armanian)
akha, bad, evil;
angra (Avestan)
bad, sum,
ziyânâvar, adj.,
evil, bad; badi,
ziyânâvar, bad,
evil [n]
(Persian)
(SerboCroatian)
zlo, zly,
evil;
brzydki,
ugly;
niedobry,
worse,
zepsuty,
zlo, zly,
bad
(Polish)
brydki
(Belarus)
piktas,
vargas,
bad, evil
(BalticSudovian)
evil; aschimos,
bad; aschima,
badly (Greek)
e keqe,
fatkeqësi,
mëkat,
sëmundje, evil
[n]; mungesë
besimi,
mosbesim,
mistrust [n];
keq,
bad, adv.e
keqe,
bad [n]
(Albanian)
anhardd, adj.
unhandsome,
unseemly,
ugly ;
annillyn, adj.
inelegant,
ugly, clumsy,
unseemly;
suspicor-ari, to cethin, adj.,
suspect,
dark, fierce,
surmise,
ugly; diolwg,
suppose; malus- hagr, adj. ugly;
a
hyll (f. hell;
um, comp.
pl. hellion) adj.
peior-us;
ugly, hideous,
peius, superl.
grisly,
pessime, badly, gruesome
ill
(Welsh)
evil [<OE eyfel],
bad, adj. worse
[<OE badd]
harmful
Page 18 of 18
Compare the
pronunciation of
Menrva
(MENRFA)
(Latin Minerva)
with ME8A,
8RATER,
(English brother)
etc. where the "8"
appears to be a
"b", as opposed to
the "F" being
disctinctly a "v"
as in Minerva. At
other times the
"F" is a "u" as in
EFAN (Euan),
another name for
Bacchus.
sospettare
(Italian)
mauvais, bad;
méfier,
to mistrust
(French);
Notes:
1) The character K,
, is rare in the Etruscan scripts. It is positioned between the H and the I in the Formello Alphabet from Veii; Rome, Museo
Nazionale di Villa Giulia (from The Etruscans, Massimo Pallottino,
Indiana University Press, 1975). See Note (2) below for the use of the
K. The word, Chiave, sets the word following it: LAFES.
(2) The word, LAFES, is used on a 7th century B.C. gold fibula from
Chiusi in the context, "to me / my [the] gold key (Lat. chiafe) of
praise [of] Nasia the great. The word MAXIMAS reflects a shift
from Latin, "maximus" to Etruscan "machimas."
(3) Addition of prefix, FEL, before LVIS in TC-103 suggests this is a
name, Luis. Change based on better image from
http://vcg.isti.cnr.it/projects/miscellanea/cortona/cortona_images/
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 1 of 25
10.08.11 Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE):
Etruscan_Phrases
Indo-European Table 1, Part 6
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Etruscan_Phrases
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Table 1 Index
(Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table 1)
Table 1, Section 1B.1: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.
See ERRATA for changes
Avestan &
Armenian*
Sanskrit
Slavic, Baltic,
Romanian
Greek &
Albanian
Latin
other
fi, fy ('m, 'n), i (fi),
mi, myfi (Welsh)
mi, pers. pron. to
me,
meus-a-um, my,
at me, myself
mine
(Italian)
me, to me, myself
(French)
ammuk (Hittite)
English
Etruscan
mi, Script M1, AD-1, L-11,
L-15, AB-1,
VF-1, OU-1,
AV-6, PM-1,
PA-1, PJ-2
mam
is (Armenian)
ja, mi, mnie
(Polish)
mane
(Lithuanian)
x
x
x
x
Maia-ae; adj.
Maius-a-um;
Maius, May
mmaggio, May
May, month or
Maia, mother of
Mercury
mia, Script Au-3, Au93;
VF-1
x
x
x
x
x
x
Midas, king of
Phrygia
Midai Script XA-6
(Note the same
spelling of Midas as
Midai in the
Assyrian Chronicles
- See
Phrygian1g.html
ārghya
x
MIERE, honey
(Romanian)
x
mel, mellis
miele (Italian)
miel, m (French)
x
miele, Script PE-4
x
x
MILĂ, mercy, pity x
(Romanian)
mille, milia,
[millia]
millensimus-aum), thousand
x
Milo, name?
thousand?
Milas, Script XJ-11
Milo (MILV) Script PD1
eme (Greek)
mua, mëm ma,
unë (Albanian)
x
hezâr,
thousand
tysiac, thousand
(Polish)
chilia,
thousand
(Greek)
një mijë,
thousand
(Albanian)
x
x
x
x
(Italian)
mai, m., May
(French)
me
milarius
[millarius] -a
um
mil-oedd [f],
thousand
(Welsh)
millanta (Italian)
mille, adj. [m], a
thousand (French)
containing a
thousand
MiLER, Script
K93
x
x
Mimni, name?
mimni, Script L-1
fobera,
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
10/8/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 2 of 25
tarjita [n],
bhartsita
[n], threat,
menace;
tarj, tarjati, to
threaten,
menace, abuse,
terrify
tahdid, padest
n], menace
(Persian)
avarārdha
x
aGga, aGgati, to
move; raGg,
raGgati, to
move
hither and
thither, to
rock; Ilay,
Ilayati, to
move;
taraMgay, -yati,
to move to and
fro, toss; mIv,
mIvati, to push,
move
taT, taTati, to
rumble, groan;
kaj, kUjati, -te,
make
inarticulate
sounds, coo,
caw,
hum, moan,
groan; zvas,
zvasiti, zvasati,
te, to blow,
bluster, hiss,
whistle, breathe,
groan, sigh
aṅkh, to mix
āśrī, to mix,
shuffle;
mA, mimIte,
mApayati, -te,
to cause to be
measured or
built, build,
erect; mi,
minoti,
minute, fix,
establish, build,
erect, observe
nirmā, to build
mahAvega, very
impetuous or
rapid; stormy
sea; cUlaka,
tuft, crest [f];
cUlikA, the
comb of a cock,
crest, summit;
komala, adj.,
tender, soft;
mRdU bhU, to
become soft or
soften
jonbes [n],
bordan, takân
dâdan, to
move
(Persian)
grozba,
utrapienie,
zagrazac,
zagrozenie,
menace (Polish)
MINIMUL,
minimul
(Romanian)
poruszac,
posuniecie,
posuwac,
przeprowadzac
sie,
przeprowadzka,
move (Polish)
nâle [n]
groaning;
nâle,
zâri [n], moan; x
nâle kardan, to
moan
(Persian)
ground, mlec,
ostrzyc, grind;
krzatanina,
sâyes [n],
podniecac,
ârdan,
podniecenie,
sâyidan, to
pomieszac,
grind; sâxt [n],
poruszyc, ruch,
sâxtan, to
stir; budowa,
build;
budowac, built,
kusidan, to
konstrukcja,
strive
build
(Persian)
(Polish)
MOARA, the
mill (Romanian)
narm, nâzok,
adj., narm [n],
soft (Persian)
bezalkoholowy,
cichy, delikatny,
lagodny, miekki,
soft; delikatny,
lagodny,
ostrozny,
szlachetny,
gentle
(Polish)
MOALE, soft,
mild, weak,
pulpy;
MOLATEC,
soft, gentle,
weak
(Romanian)
apeili,
foberizo,
apeilo,
menace
(Greek)
kërcënoj, to
menace
(Albanian)
minor-ari;
minax-acis
[f], projecting,
overhanging,
threatening
x
minimus
kinoumai,
kino,
move
(Greek)
lëviz,
gjallëroj,
zhvendos,
detryoj,
transportoj,
mallëngjej,
transferoj,
mbartem,
manipuloj,
to move
(Albanian)
mougkrisma,
mougkrizo,
bellow
(Greek)
pëllas,
rënkoj,
ulërij,
bellow
(Albanian)
aletho, tribo
akonzo, to
grind
(Greek)
lëviz, trazoi, to
stir; trondit,
bazoj, ndertoj,
mbësate, to
build; luftoj, to
strive
(Albanian)
malakos,
apalos,
soft, leptos,
eugenikos,
gentle (Greek)
quetësoj, to
become gentle;
i
ëmbël, adj.
gentle
(Albanian)
dino (Greek)
jap, dorëzoj,
lëshoj, fal,
bygwth, to threaten,
menace (Welsh)
minacciare, to
menace (Italian)
menacer, to menace
(French)
to jut out,
project,
threaten [<OE
threat], menace
minas, Script
TC298
minis, Script
Au30
minimul, the
least
minimo (MINIMV)
Script T-7, PB-1
moveo, movere,
movi, motum
chwimio, to move,
stir, accelerate;
cyffroi, to move,
excite, stir, incite;
mudo, to move,
remove, emigrate,
migrate; ymod, to
move, stir (Welsh)
muovere (Italian)
mouvoir, to move;
mélanger, to mix
(French)
to move, set in
motion, remove,
dispossess; to
rock [<OE
roccian]
mo (MV),
Script Q521,
Q813
mugio-ire
bugunad, to bellow;
peuo (peu-), to puff,
bellow; rhuo (rhu-),
to roar, bellow,
bluster; griddfan,
ochain (och-),
to groan, moan;
ubain, to howl, wail,
moan, sob; udo, to
howl, moan (Welsh)
mogio, adj.
crestfallen,
downhearted
(Italian)
moche, adj. shoddy,
ugly, dowdy
(French)
to bellow, low,
roar, groan
mocum
(MVCVM),
Script Z1578
molior-iri
cymysgu, to mix,
blend, mingle,
jumble, confuse;
adeiladu, to build,
construct, erect,
edify ; llunio, to
form, shape,
fashion, model,
construct (Welsh)
molare, to grind,
bevel (Italian)
méler, to mix, stir
(French)
wete, to build
(Hittite
-Palaic)
to stir, displace,
work at,
construct
laboriously,
build [<OE
bold, a
dwelling],
erect, strive
after, destroy;
grind [<OE
grindan]
mollesco-ere
munero-are
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
minimo (Italian)
minimum, minimum
(French)
esmyth, soft,
smooth,
easy; meddal, adj.
soft, tender, flabby,
mellow (Welsh)
molach, adj. hairy,
rough, stormy;
mullach, top,
summit
(Scott)
mollica [f] crumb
(Italian)
mollesse, adj.
softness
(French)
dodi, to put, place,
ay, give (Welsh)
to become
soft[<OE softe,
pleasant] or
gentle
mola
(MVLA),
Script
ZA-1, Z40,
Z1282
mole, Script
Z47;
molo
(MVLV),
Script AB-2
MVLeS,
Script M19,
Script
M19
molak
(MVLAK),
Script ZB-2,
Z54,
Z206, Z805,
Z859,
Z1049
MvLAK,
Script Z254
Z446, M-1,
M24
MvLAKE,
Script Z463
Z463
moni, muni
(MVNI),
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 3 of 25
dAvane, to give
kuDya [m.f.],
wall; prAkAra
[m], encircling
wall, rampart;
vArya, to be
checked or
restrained, [m],
wall; saMdih
[f],
heap, mound,
wall; paridhi
[m], enclosure,
fence, wall,
cover, garment,
horizon,
circumference
x
dâdan,
baxsidan,
to give
(Persian)
dawac, gave,
podawac, give
(Polish)
përcjell,
dhuroj,
transmetoj,
mbaj
[leksion],
bie,
shkaktoj, to
give
(Albanian)
dare, give;
presentare,
present (Italian)
donner, give,
present; present,
présenter (French)
da (Hittite)
wall [<Lat.
vallum-i, wall
of stakes,
fortification,
defense],
defense;
partition
mor, mur
(MVR),
Script Z1378,
Z1600,
Z1615;
MOReS,
MUReS
(MVRS),
Script Z692
to give [<OE
giefan], present
Script K73
(See moniclet)
monis, munis
(MVNIS)
Script Au30
mono, munu
(MVNV),
Script M13
divâr [n], wall
mur, otaczac
murem, sciana,
wall (Polish)
MUR, wall,
MURI, walls
(Romanian)
o toichos, to
wall,
teichos, wall
(Greek)
mur, anë,
paret,
wall
(Albanian)
murus-i [m];
paries, wall
caer-au, wall,
rampart, castle, fort,
fortress, city;
magwyr-edd [f],
wall; gwal-iau -au
(gwelydd) [f], wall;
mur-iau [m], wall
pared (parwyddydd)
[m], wall, partition;
peri, to cause, make,
bid, beget (Welsh)
muro [m], wall
(Italian)
mur [m] wall;
murer,
to wall (French)
tanata, a wall
(Hittite)
x
x
x
Morpheus-eos
[m] the god of
dreams
x
Morpheus
Morve
(MVRFE),
Script Aph-23
damac, zadumac
sie, muse;
muzyka, nuty,
music (Polish)
rembazo,
rembasmos,
muse;
mousiki,
music
(Greek)
muzë,
mendim [n],
muse
(Albanian)
Musa-ae [f] the
goddess of
music
cerdd-i -uf [f], song,
poem, lay, music,
poetry; cynghanedd
ion [f], music,
harmony; miwsig
[m], music (Welsh)
Musa [f], Muse,
inspiration (Italian)
Muse [f] (French)
Muse, Musa
goddess of
music [<Gk.
mousike]?
proper name,
"ie" suffix.
Mosei, Musei
(MVSEI),
Script Q46
(Note suffix
"ei" as in
Elinei
allagi,
allasso,
metaballo,
change;
metalasso,
metakino,
metakinoumai,
ypekfevgo,
bardia,
shift (Greek)
këmbej,
ndryshoj,
ndreq,
shkëmbej,
ndërroj,
thyej
(Albanian)
muto-are
newid, to change,
alter, modify,
commute, convert,
to change (Welsh)
muta [f], change,
shift, relay (Italian)
mutation, change,
mutation [f]; mutin
adj. unruly,
mutinouurs
(French)
Mutina-ae
x
ne [nae], used
before
dros ben, adv.
exceedingly, extra,
indeed, left over;
iawn, adv. very,
indeed; gwir, adj.,
true, actual, real,
gItavAdan[n], n.
song and music;
taurya [n],
music; saMtani,
propogating a
continous
âhang, xoniyâ,
sound,
navâ, music
sound, music;
(Persian)
vad, vadati, -te,
sing, sound,
tell, teach,
foretell predict;
make music,
speak, recite
śav, to
transform,
viprakRti [f],
change,
variation; vihara
[ m],
transposition,
change;
vaikArya [n],
change,
alteration;
vinimaya
[m], change,
permutation,
reciprocity; Uha
[m], addition,
change,
modification;
vipariNAma
[m],
change,
transformation
degargun
kardan,
gardânidan,
degargun
sodan,
to change
(Persian)
drobne,
odmiana,
prezebrac,
przesiadka,
reszta,
rozmieniac,
wymieniac,
zmiana,
zmieniac
x
x
x
x
istotnie,
naprawde,
rzeczywiscie,
indeed; lojalnie,
pragmati,
pragmatika,
indeed
(Greek)
në, të,
vërtettë, me
të vërtetë,
vërtet,
satya, adj. real,
true, genuine,
serious, valid,
sincere, faithful,
honest, good,
and
muneror-ari;
do [old form
dano], dare,
dedi, datum, to
offer, give,
grant
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
to move [<Lat.
moveo, movere,
movi, motum]
shift [<OE
sciftan],
change [<LLat.
cambiare]?
motin, mutin
(MVTIN),
Script Z135,
Z234;
MVTINVM,
probably name,
"um" suffix acc.
sing; Mutina-ae,
Galic town,
Modena
Motinum, Mutinum
(MVTINVM), Script
Z13
(Note: Script Z contains
many references to
Tuscan towns)
indeed [<ME
na, Script ZB3, Z44, Z272,
Z561, Z568,
Z681, Z1080,
Z1088, Z1397,
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 4 of 25
reality; khalu,
adv., indeed,
verily, truly;
itthA, adv.,
right, well,
really, truly,
indeed, even
na, ne, (no), má
(don't)
no
prajAt, adj., [f],
born
berâsti, adv.,
truly (Persian)
môi (not,
never); mâ,
not (Avestan)
hicyek, na,
nor,
conj. (Persian)
nik, good,
prosperity
(Yagnobian)
nek, good,
prosperity;
zâyide sode,
adj., born
(Persian)
naprawde,
rzeczywiscie,
truly (Polish)
NA!, take it!,
NA-ŢI!, take it!
(Romanian)
indeed, adv.;
me të
vërtet,
vërtet;
ciltërsisht,
realisht,
bisnikërisht,
sinqerisht
(Albanian)
ne (Serbo
Croatian)
liczba, nie,
numer, odmowa,
polnocny,
sprzeciw, zaden,
no; nic, wcale,
nothing (Polish)
nisto, adv.
nothing
(Belarus)
ne, ni (Baltic
Sudovian)
NE, NU, no, not
(Romanian)
ochi, mi, má,
mé (Greek)
jo, jo aspak,
adv.
(Albanian)
ni, niti (Serbo
Croatian)
ani, negacja
sumy logicznej,
tez nie (Polish)
ani...ani,
niether...
nor (Belarus)
negi (Baltic
Sudovian)
ochi (Greek)
as, asnjë
(Albanian)
urodzony, born
(Polish)
NASC, I give
birth; NASCUT,
born
(Romanian)
gennimenos,
gennitheis,
born
(Greek)
i lindur, i
konceptuar, i
sajuar
(Albanian)
pronouns,
indeed, truly;
veritas-itas, the
truth, reality
non
authentic; yn wir,
adv. indeed; gwir
[m], truth (Welsh)
in verita, veramente
(Italian)
en effet, vraiment]
(French)
dim, no; neb, no
one;
na (nad), adv. no,
not, nay; naddo,
adv. no; nag oes,
adv. no; nage, adv.
no, not so, nay
(Welsh)
no (Italian)
non (French)
má (Tocharian)
ni (Lydian &
Lycian) ni, nis
(Luwian)
natta, no (Hittite)
ne, neque
nascor-i, to be
born, to come
into existence,
arise, be
produced
ni...na, neither..nor
(Welsh)
nè (Italian)
ni (French)
geni, to be born,
bear
(Welsh)
nascere; nascesfe,
you arose (Italian)
naître (French)
has, to derivate,
generate (Hittite)
indede], truly
[<OE treowe,
loyal]
not [<OE
nowiht],
no [<OE na]
Z1591, Z1647,
TC28, TC103,
TC213, K75,
K86, K92,
K127, K136,
N469, XA-31
ne,
ScriptZ543,
Z918, K113,
N417, N647,
Q53, Q74,
Q84, Q95,
Q661, Q692,
Q726, A745,
Q821, Q847,
R248, R286,
R325, R359
ni, Script
Z386, Au13,
T-5, Script
Z386,
Au13
nor [<ME nor]
born [<OE
beran]? to be
born?
nac, nak, I am
born;
nai, you are
born (Fr. nais)
ne, see above
nac, Scripts
AH-5, Z17,
Z263, Z432,
Z1227, Z1591,
Z1623, Au-41,
Au53, Au74,
L15, V-3,
CP38 (verb)
nacim, Script
AM-6 Noun,
see note (3)
nacus
(NAKFS),
Script
M32 Noun,
see note (3)
nak, Script
Z887,
Q303 (verb)
nakua
(NAKFA),
Script
Z522,
Z905 Noun,
see note (3)
nai, Script
N100, N112,
N469, XU-3
(verb)
nasc, Script
AK-9 (verb)
(verb)
(See nas)
tArya, adj.to be
crossed or
conquered;
[n], fare, toll;
tArika [n], fare
or toll for
passage.
kerâye [n]
fare,
gozarân
kardan,
to pay a fare
(Persian)
czuc sie,
jedzenie,
miew ac sie,
oplata, wikt,
fare
(Polish)
navlos, agogio
fare (Greek)
tarifë, pagesë,
udhëtar,
ushqim,
engrëne [n],
fare
(Albanian)
naulum-i
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
cost-au [f.m.], cost,
expense, fare,
outlay
pris-iau-oedd [m],
price, value, fare,
charge (Welsh)
prezzo [m], price,
cost (Italian)
tarif [m] (French
fare [<OE
faran],
passage money,
tariff [<Ar. tarif,
notification],
cost [<Lat.
consto stare -atit
-statum,
to stand
together,
correspond,
cost;
price [<Lat.
nal, Script
TC80, TC103,
TC236,
TC260,
TC271,
TC327,
TC338, AN39,
AT-12
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cog... Page 5 of 25
pretium-i]
gia, dioti, for
(Greek)
në favor të,
për, në emër
të, si, gjatë,
për në, për
shkak, for,
prep.
(Albanian)
x
barâye, barâye
inke, for,
conj.,
barâye,
darpey,
prep., for
(Persian)
x
x
NEAM, nation,
related to a familly
(Romanian)
x
nemus-oris
x
a wood, grove
namo, namu (NAMV)
Script CP-45
x
x
x
x
x
nemmanco,
nemmeno, conj
(Italian)
not even, not
either, neither
namin? naminer? Script
PA-15
funeral song,
dirge [<Lat.
dirigo rigere rexi rectum, to
direct], elegy
[<Gk. elegeia];
mourning
[<murnan, to
mourn]
nana, Script
CF-3
nanie, Script
Q53
("ae" pl. suffix
= "ie.")
Naper, name of
a queen
Naper, Script K75. K82,
K131, PQ-8
dla, gdyz,
poniewaz, przez,
za, zamiast, for
(Polish)
x
x
NANĂ, old
woman
(Romanian)
x
x
x
naenia = neniaae [f], funeral
song, dirge
vetus mulier,
old woman
x
x
x
nefas
anffodus
(anffortunus), adj.
unfortunate; anfad,
adj. wicked,
nefarious; trwch [f],
broken, unfortunate,
wicked (Welsh)
nefasto, adj.
ominous,
unfortunate (Italian)
néfast, adj. illomened,
pernicious (French)
contrary to
divine
command,
unholy;
nefarious
[<Lat.
nefas]
naph, Script S1;
naphar, Script
N184
neptis-is
wyres-au [f],
Welsh)
nipote [m., f]
(Italian)
petite-fille [f]
(French)
grand-daughter
napti, Script
Q53
narro-are
dweud, to say,
speak,
tell; adrodd, to
recite,
relate, report,
narrate, recount
(Welsh)
narrare (Italian)
narrer (French)
mema, tar, to speak;
(Hittite)
to make known,
to say, [<OE
secgan] to
narrarate, speak
[<OE sprecan]
nar, Script
Z648,
AJ18;
nara, Script
Q65,
Q74, Q95,
Q460
azucivrata, adj.,
making unholy
vows
nieszczesliwy,
nieszczesny,
unfortunate
(Polish)
napti [f],
daughter or
grand-daughter
nave, navâde,
grandchild [n]
(Persian)
NEPOATE,
grand-daughters
(Romanian)
mbesë
(Albanian)
mowic,
powiedziec,
said,
say (Polish)
lego, gnomi,
say
(Greek)
kallëzim,
tregim,
rrëfenjë,
ritregim,
narration
[n]; flas,
them,
deklamoj,
mendoj,
shpreh, to
say
(Albanian)
kathā, talk,
speech,
conversation
nam, Script
Z1319
elegeia,
(Greek)
këngë vaji,
muzikë
e
përmortshme,
dirge
(Albanian)
nâpâk,
nâavize,
adj., unholy
(Persian)
dâstânsarâyi,
narration [n];
goftan, soxan
goftan, to say
(Persian)
for [<OE for]
galargan-au [f],
dirge; galarnad-au
[f], marwnad-au [f]
lamentation, dirge,
elegy; (Welsh)
nenia, dirge; nanna,
sleep; nonna,
grandmonther
(Italian)
hymne funèbre,
dirge; vieille
femme, old woman
(French)
ishamai, a song
(Hittite)
anosios,
asebis,
unholy
(Greek)
mbinatyror, i
mëkatshëm,
unholy, adj.
(Albanian)
ābhāṣ, to talk,
speak; bhaN,
bhaNati, to
speak, say,
relate, call,
name; vac,
vivakti, vakti, to
say, speak, tell,
reproach,
censure, blame,
repeat or reply;
nam, namque
canys (cans),
oblegid, conj.,
because, for
(Welsh)
per, a, di (Italian)
pour, de, par
(French)
nascor-i, natos
and
[gnatus],
pluperf. 3rd
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
geni, to be born,
bear
nas, Script
TC170,
TC231, J35,
K14, AD-7,
AE-1, AK-8,
AN-2, AN12,
AN35, R11,
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pers. Pl,
natierantto be
born, to come
into existence,
arise, be
produced;
natus-a-um,
born,
naturally, fitted
or
constituted;
natio-onis
[f] being born,
birth, a tribe,
race, people
born? to be
born?
R110
NASeR, Script
BS-29
nate (or nape)
Script PC-1
nateran, Script
XB-19
nati, Script
XU-1
natim*, Script
XU-1
natine, Script
Q243,
R565; (see
nac)
* "im" suffix
3rd. decl acc.
x
Nasia, personal
name [<Lat.
Natalie]
Nasia, VF-5
("ia" suffix
denotes proper
name, as in
Tarquinia)
nauticus-a-um
x
sailor?
fysi, idiotita,
charaktiras,
ousia, eidos,
organismos,
(Greek)
ckarakter,
natyrë
(Albanian)
nature-ae [f]
natur [f], nature,
temper; naws-au [f],
nature, disposition,
essence, quality;
ansawdd, quality,
state, condition,
nature (Welsh)
nàdur, nàdurra
(Scott)
natura [f], carattere
[m] (Italian)
nature [f] caractére
[f] (French)
birth [<ON
burdhr], nature,
an element, the
world,
character [<Gr.
kharakter]
natur (natvr)
Script R156;
TC61; See
Note (1) &
Errata (1)
okret, statek,
wyslac,
zaladowac, ship;
lodka, lodz,
statek szalupa,
boat (Polish)
NAVĂ, boat,
ship (Romanian)
ploio, fortono,
ship barka,
karabi, ploio,
ploiario, boat
(Greek)
anije, vapor,
ship [n]; barkë,
varkë lundër
[n], boat
(Albanian)
llong-au [f], ship,
bark,
craft; bad-au [m],
navis-is [f] ship boat;
navicula-ae [f]
cwch (cychod) [m],
boat navale-is, a boat, hive, beehive;
station for
ysgraff-au [f], boat,
ships; navalis-e, barge, ferry (Welsh)
of
nave [f]; barca [f],
ships, naval,
boat
nautical;
(Italian)
navire [m], vessel;
barque [f], boat
(French)
ship, boat,
barque, sloop
[Du. sloep]
nave (NA8E),
Script
Q152
nafe (NAFE)
Script XE-7
naflis, Script
NC-2
(See MINRFA
for Latin "V"
= Etr. "F" and
words
beginning
with "8" =
Latin "V" and
"B.")
odmowic,
zaprzeczyc,
deny
(Polish)
NEGA, negate
(Romanian)
arnoumai,
deny
(Greek)
mohoj,
abdikoj,
nuk pranoj,
refuzoj,
tërhiqem,
deny [n]
(Albanian)
nego-are;
denego-are,
to say no, deny
neco-are, to
slay, put to
death?
gomedd, to refuse,
deny, forbid;
gwrthod,
refuse, reject, deny,
decline (Welsh)
negare (Italian)
neir (French)
to say no, deny
[<Lat. denego
are]?
nekas, Script
XF-3 (2nd
person sing.
verb)
nekie, Script
Z692 (noun?)
(see also neir)
nego-are; to
deny; ni [nei]
and nivi, if not
gomedd, to refuse,
deny, forbid;
gwrthod, refuse,
reject, deny,
decline; oni (onid),
if not, unless;
except, save, but
(Welsh)
negare, to deny;
ecceto che, unless
(Italian)
neir, to deny;
éxcepte,
unless (French)
to say no,
deny?;
if not, unless
[<ME unlesse],
also
Word might be
Neapolis-polis,
modern Naples
but should be
spelled like
Meneleaus'
name
(MENLe); thus
NEIPLe.
zâyide sode,
adj., born
(Persian)
urodzony, born
(Polish)
gennimenos,
gennitheis,
born
(Greek)
i lindur, i
konceptuar, i
sajuar
(Albanian)
x
x
Natalia,
personal
name (Slavic)
Nasia, place
name, Nasia,
Greece
natus-a-um,
born
x
x
x
x
nahâd, serest,
tabiat,[n],
nature
(Persian)
kharakter,
natura,
przyroda,
usposobienie,
nature (Polish)
daba, nature
(BalticSudovian)
NATURĂ,
nature
(Romanian)
prajAt, adj., [f],
born
tattvabhAva,
true being or
nature
nau [f] boat,
ship, vessel;
apalap, to
explain away,
conceal, to
deny;
vidāś
hvu, hvute, to
hide from,
conceal from,
refuse, deny;
satisfy,
apologize; sidh,
sedhati, -te, to
drive off, keep
off, {prati}
prevent, deny,
forbid, refuse,
deny
hvu, hvute, to
hide from,
novrok
(Kurdish)
nàva (Persian)
enkâr,
nakirâyi
[n], denial
(Persian)
enkâr,
nakirâyi
[n], denial
magar inke,
magar, conj.,
unless
(Persian)
odmowic,
zaprzeczyc,
deny
chyba ze, jesli
nie, unless
(Polish)
arnoumai,
deny
(Greek)
mohoj,
abdikoj,
nuk pranoj,
refuzoj,
tërhiqem,
deny [n]
(Albanian)
(Welsh)
nascere; nazione[f]
nation (Italian)
naître, nation [f],
nation (French);
cin, a sort, kind
(Phrygian)
has, to derivate,
generate; hasmi,,
kin,
kinship (Hittite)
nathom, nathum
(NATHVM) Script DF3
neip, Script
Z692
arnoumai,
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conceal from,
refuse, deny;
satisfy,
apologize; sidh,
sedhati, -te, to
drive off, keep
off, {prati}
prevent, deny,
forbid, refuse,
deny
deny
(Greek)
mohoj,
abdikoj,
nuk pranoj,
refuzoj,
tërhiqem,
deny [n]
(Albanian)
enkâr,
nakirâyi [n],
denial
(Persian)
odmowic,
zaprzeczyc,
deny
(Polish)
barâdarzâde,
xâharzâde,
nephew
(Persian)
bratanek,
siostrzeniec,
nephew (Polish)
NEPOT,
grandson
(Romanian)
anepsios,
nephew
(Greek)
nip, nephew
(Albanian)
tkac, wove,
weave
(Polish)
yfaino,
weave
(Greek)
gërshetoj,
ndërthur,
mpleks, to
interweave
(Albanian)
nAsA [f], nose
bini [n], nose
(Persian)
nos, wech, nose
(Polish)
myti,
myrizomai,
nose (Greek)
hundë, grykë
[shishe],
nuhatje, kic
[anije],
nockë
[kafshe],
nose [n]
(Albanian)
x
x
NEŞTIUTOR,
ignorant
(Romanian)
pUtrima, adj.,
purified, clean;
zaucavant, adj.,
clean, pure;
accha, adj.,
clear,
transparent,
clean, pure;
avadAta, adj.
clean, pure,
white, clear; dA,
{pp. dAta} to
clean, purify
pâk, pâkize,
adj.
czysty, oczyscic,
clean; sostan,
clean (Polish)
pâk kardan, to
wash (Persian)
bhrAtRvya [m],
father's brother's
son; nephew,
cousin; rival,
adversary,
enemy; pautraka
[m], grandson
kRt, kRNatti,
twist the thread,
spin {krtayati},
weave; tan,
tanoti, tanute, to
extend, stretch,
spread,
lengthen, spin
out, weave,
string a bow;
prave, to
weave on,
attach to, to
satya, adj. real,
true, genuine,
serious, valid,
sincere, faithful,
honest, good,
reality; khalu,
adv., indeed,
verily, truly;
itthA, adv.,
righyt, well,
really, truly,
indeed,
even
restan, ristan,
tanidan, to
spin (Persian)
berâsti, adv.,
truly (Persian)
istotnie,
naprawde,
rzeczywiscie,
indeed; lojalnie,
naprawde,
rzeczywiscie,
truly (Polish)
NOUĂ, f.,
NOU, new
(Romanian)
gomedd, to refuse,
deny, forbid;
nego-are; Naear, gwrthod, refuse,
reject, deny,
Evadne, a
nymph
decline (Welsh)
negare (Italian)
neir (French)
neir, Script
Q906
grandson,
nephew [<Lat.
nepos]?
nepos, Script
F12
nepos-otis [m]
wyr (wyrion) [m],
grandson; nai
(neiaint)
[m], nephew
(Welsh)
nepote [m] (Italian)
neveu [m] (French)
hassa, hams, a
grandson (Hittite)
neo, nere, nevi,
netum
gweu, to weave,
knit;
ystofi, to warp,
weave, plan; plethu,
to plait, weave, fold,
braid, mat (Welsh)
tessere (Italian)
tisser, entrelacer, to
weave together
(French)
to spin,
interweave,
weave [<OE
wefan], to plait
[<Lat. plico
are, to fold]
ner, Script
N725;
neris, Script
Z1300;
nerons
(NERVNS),
Script Z791,
Z851,
Z975, Z1013,
Z1040
nasus-i [m]
trwyn-au [m], nose,
snout, nozzle, point,
cape Welsh)
nazo [m] (Italian)
nez [m] (French)
nose [<OE
nosu]?
nes, Script
K62 (name,
A8VNES?)
not to know, to
be ignorant
nesci, Script K151,
K171
to clean [<OE
claene], cleanse
neti, Script
Z1088
indeed [<ME
ndede], truly
[<OE treowe,
loyal]
nia, Script
Aph-1; A-5?
VP-10, BR-1
x
nescio-ire, not
knowing,
ignorant,
nescius-a-um
ignore, ignorare, to
ignore (Italian)
ignorer, to be
unaware; ignorant,
ignorant (French)
katharos,
clean
(Greek)
pastroj,
purifikoj,
to cleanse
(Albanian)
purgo-are, to
clean;
lavo, lavare or
lavere, lavi,
lautum or lotum
or lavatum, to
wash
glanhau, to cleanse,
purify, clean, purge,
dredge (Welsh)
nettare (Italian)
nettoyer (French)
parkui, pure, clean
(Hittite)
nai = ne [nae],
used before
pronouns,
indeed, truly
novus-a-um,
new
dros ben, adv.
exceedingly, extra,
indeed, left over;
iawn, adv. very,
indeed; gwir, adj.,
true, actual, real,
authentic; yn wir,
adv. indeed; gwir
[m], truth (Welsh)
in verita, veramente
(Italian)
en effet, vraiment;
truly; neuf, new]
(French)
pragmati,
pragmatika,
indeed;
alithina,
eilikrina,
truly; nous,
nea, new
(Greek)
në, të,
vërtettë, me
të vërtetë,
vërtet,
indeed, adv.;
me të
vërtet,
vërtet;
ciltërsisht,
realisht,
bisnikërisht,
to say no, deny?
the nymph
Naear?
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new?
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sinqerisht
(Albanian)
iSUy, -yati, to
strive,
endeavour;
inakS, inakSati,
to strive to get;
vanuS,
vanuSyati,
te, to aim at,
strive after, plot
against, attack;
iradh, -dhate,
strive to gain;
yakS, yakSati, te, to press
on, strive after
kusidan, to
strive
(Persian)
dazyc, starac
sie,
strove, usilowac,
strive (Polish)
agonizomai,
prospatho,
strive,
entasi, tasi,
tentoma,
prospatheia,
enteino,
epekteino,
strain
(Greek)
luftoj,
përpiqem,
orvatem, to
strive
(Albanian)
nixor-ari
ymdrechu, to
wrestle,
strive, endeavour;
ymryson, to
contend,
strive, contest,
debate, dispute
(Welsh)
lottare, to fight,
struggle, strive
(Italian)
lutter, wrestle,
struggle, contend
(French)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Nike, goddess
of victory
Nike, Script PK-6
x
x
x
x
Nilus-i
x
Nile river?
Nilu (NILF), Script
CP47
adravya,
nothing, a
worthless
thing,
hic, adv., hic,
nisti [n],
nothing
(Persian)
nic, wcale,
nothing
(Polish)
NUL, nil
(Romanian)
tipote
(Greek)
asgjë, asnjë,
hic, nothing,
pron.
(Albanian)
nihil, nil
dim [m], any, no,
not, none (Welsh)
nessuna cosa
(Italian)
rien (French)
natta, no, not
(Hittite)
nothing
niol, niul
(NIVL),
Script M78;
niul (NIFL),
Script Z606
nisi
eithr, conj. but;
heblaw, prep.,
beside, besides,
except; namyn,
prep, except, but,
save; oddieithr,
prep., unless,
except;
ond, prep. except,
save, but; oni
(onid),
except, save, but
(Welsh)
ecceto (Italian)
excepté, sauf
(French)
if not, unless,
except [<Lat.
exceptus]
nis, Script
Z591, L44
to swim [<OE
swimman]?
chyba ze, poza,
procz,
wykluczac,
zwyjatkiem,
except (Polish)
NICI, except
(Romanian)
ektos ean,
unless;
ektos, except
(Greek)
vec, përvec,
me
përjashtim
të,
except, prep.
(Albanian)
to lean [<OE
hleonian] upon,
strive [<OFr.
estriver, of
Germanic
origin],
strain
nics, Script
Z1265
x anyatra,
otherwise, in
another
manner,
except
estesnâ [n],
(Persian),
plu, plavate, to
float, swim,
bathe, sail;
dhAv, dhA3vati,
run, stream,
pour, ride,
swim, glide,
hasten; tR,
tarati, -te, tirati,
te, turati, -te,
titarti,
tarute, to cross
over, overcome,
escape, swim,
rush on, be
saved
miec zawroty,
senâ kardan,
plywanie, swam
senâvar sodan,
(Polish)
to swim
NOUĂ, f. NOU,
(Persian)
new (Romanian)
kolympo,
swim
(Greek)
not, notim,
swim [n], fut
në ujë, notoj,
to swim
(Albanian)
ne, no; no, nare,
navi, to swim
nofio, to swim, float
(Welsh)
no, no; nuotare, to
swim (Italian)
non, no; nager, to
swim (French)
x
x
x
x
x
x
name?
nakti, niz [f],
kSapA, [f], nak
(nom) night
sab,
sabhangâm,
adj., [n], night
(Persian)
noc, wieczor,
night (Polish)
nychta, night
(Greek)
mbrëmje,
natë,
errësirë,
night [n]
(Albanian)
nox-noctis [f]
nos-au, nosweithiau
[f], night, dark
(Welsh)
notte [f] (Italian)
nuit [f] (French)
neku, to get dark
(Hittite)
night [<OE
niht]?
nocis
(NVCIS),
Script R447
naama,
naaman.h
nãma [nãman]
(Avestan)
nâm [n],
nâmidan,
to name
(Persian)
ime (Serbo
Croation)
imie, nazwa,
nazwisko, name
(Polish)
imia, nazva, f.,
nazow, m.
name of a thing
(Belarus)
anoma,
anomazo
(Greek)
emër, emërim
(Albanian)
name
nomem
(NUMEM)
Script N184
nomem-inis
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
enw-au [m], name,
appellation,
denomination, noun
(Welsh)
ainm (Scott)
anv (Breton)
nome [m] (Italian)
nom [m] (French)
no, nu (nv),
Script
M50;
noa, Script
Z522, XA-21
Nobnes, Novnes
(NV8NES) CP-40
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NUME, name
(Romanian)
ñom, ñem
(Tocharian)
ochi, mi, not
(Greek)
jo, nuk,
mos, not,
adv.
(Albanian)
dim, no; neb, no
one;
na (nad), adv. no,
not,
nay; naddo, adv. no;
nag oes, adv. no;
nage,
adv. no, not so, nay
(Welsh)
no, no (Italian)
non, no (French)
natta, no, not
(Hittite)
no [<OE
nowiht]?
na
na, na-, ma-,
adv.,
not (Persian)
negacja
logiczna,
nie, not (Polish)
NU, no
(Romanian)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Nun, Egyptian
god of fertility,
oceans
Non, Nun (NVN) Z41,
Z54, Z149 (reference is
to the altar of Nun.)
aśrumukha,
collective
name for
father,
grandfather,
greatgrandfather
x
NUN, person with
special atributes at
a wedding
(Romanain)
x
nonno
nonno (Italian)
grand-père (French)
grandfather
nono, nunu (NVNV)
Script F-1
nava, adj., new,
fresh,
young; adv.,
newly,
ately, just
snushhaa [f]
dir, sâdravân,
anusiravân,
adj.,
late; dir, adv.,
lately
(Persian)
bäyu (Persian)
ostatnio, lately
(Polish)
tora
teleftaia,
prosfata,
lately
(Greek)
kohët e
fundit,
shumë kohë
përpara,
lately,
adv.
(Albanian)
non [old forms
noenum,
noenu], not
non (NVN),
Script
Z176, Z190,
Z206, Z327,
Z347, Z357,
Z369, Z439,
Z446, Z1846,
Z1853, Z1869,
Aph-22
Non, nun
(NVN) See
also Script
nuper
synowa, (Polish)
dacka [f] (pl.:
docki, daughter
(Belarus)
snusa (BalticSudovian)
kori (Greek)
kunatë, nuse
(Albanian)
nurus-us
diweddar, adj.
recent,
late, modern,
belated
(Welsh)
recentemente
(Italian)
dernièrement
(French)
gwaudd [f] (Welsh)
nuora [f] (Italian)
Nun, Egyptian
god of fertility,
oceans
lately [<OE
laet],
not long ago
noper, nuper
(NVPER),
Script
R128, R139,
R152
daughter-in-law
nor, nur
(NVR) Script
L25
nora (NORA)
Script AH10
nora (NVRA),
Script
TC61, BS-10
nore (NVRE),
Script TC201
bru [f] (French)
x
x
x
x
x
x
name, Noropa?
x
x
x
x
x
x
person's name,
Nurpener?
asmadīya,
asmāka, our,
ours
nô [azem]
nasz (Polish)
nusun (Baltic
Sudovian)
NOSTRU, our
(Romanian)
mas, emas
(Greek)
jonë, ynë
(Albanian)
nos
ein ('n), (Welsh)
noi, us; nostro,
nostri, nostra,
nostre
(Italian)
nous, us; nos
(French)
Noropa (NOROPA)
Script XJ-15
Norpener,
(Nvrpener),
Script R94
nos (nvs)
Script AN-19,
T-4, VP-4
(PARTVNVS?),
XW-4
our [<OE ure]
Reference on
Ionia:
ione (ivne),
Script N607,
Q253, R219
ionas, (ivnes)
Script Au76
x
x
x
x
obeo-ire-iviitum
x
go to, to go to
meet, of
heavely bodies,
to set; of
living, to die
obe (V8E) Script TC120
oban (V8AN) Script T-9
Obatim (OBATIM)
Script XM-6 (noun)
x
x
x
x
obliviscor,
oblivisci;
obliare (Italian)
oublir (French)
to forget
obli (V8LI) Script
Z1397
x
ukhra
OCĂRÎ, to curse,
ogur
auguror-ari;
argoel-ion, omen
to prophesy, a
oce (VCE) Script R306,
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(Welsh)
prophesy
AU99
ocev, oceb (VCE8) N-1
(3rd pers. sing. imperf)
ocem (VCEM) Script
Q303, Q320, Q355,
Q452, Q488 (noun, acc.
case)
ocern (VCERN) Script
DL-2 (Script DL is a
drawing of an augury
involving King
Tanaquil)
oci (VCI) Script Q468
okr (VKR) Script N676
okre (VKRE) Script
R124
okri (VKRI) Script
N491, N513, N543,
N573, N590, N615,
N647, N711 (Note: ocri
appears in a repeated
phrase: VKRI PER
8ISIV "I/you
prophesied / swifter? by
vision")
Osci-orum
x
Oxiem, name?
Oscans?
ochsiem (VCHSIEM),
Script PM-4
x
oculus-i; -im
x
eye
(this is an
epitaph of a
man: epitaph
of a man:
ocholeim viri
rios tie
ocholeim (VCHVLEIM)
Script PM-4 (noun acc.
case)
OPTA, f. eighty
(Romanian)
x
octogina
ottanta (Italian)
quatrevingts
(French)
eighty
octito (VCTITV) Script
N403
x
x
x
offa-ae
enfiare (Italian)
enfier, to swell
(French)
pellet, swelling
ofe (VFE) Script Z234,
XB-17
x
x
x
x
avis-is
ucello (Italian)
oiseau (French)
bird?
oiso (OISO), Script DR5
x
x
ULEI, oil
x
oleo-ere, to emit oliare, to emit an
an odor
odor; olio, oil
(Italian)
oleum-i, oil
huiler, to oil; huile,
oil (French)
odor, to emit
an odor
ola (VLA) Script TC46
oles (VLES) Script
TC318
olie (VLIE) Script PK-5
olo (VLV) Script R182,
R204, G22, PC-12
x
x
omen (Polish)
OAMENI,
people, men
x
omen-inis
x
x
omen (VMEN) Script
R381, R554
x
x
x
x
Homericus-aum
x
Homeric?
Possibly VME
RIC
omeric (VMERIC)
Script Z92
x
x
ONORA, to
honor
x
honore-are;
honos, honororis
onorare (Italian)
honorer (French)
to honor,
respect; noun,
honor, respect
onom (VNVM) Script
Z446 (gen. or acc. sing.
noun)
onoman (ONOMAN)
Script XB-19
onor (VNVR) Script
Z1216
x
x
UNT, butter
(Romanian)
endeka,
eleven
inhonesto-are,
to disgrace
undecim,
eleven
onta, disgrace;
undici, eleven
(Italian)
honte, disgrace;
onze, eleven
(French)
x
ont (VNT) Script Q360,
Q369, R487, R574
onts (VNTS) Script TC1
x
x
x
x
Ops-Opis,
opem, opis,
ope, might,
power, ability
to aid; opes
wealth
x
power,
abundance,
wealth; OpsOpis goddess
of abundance
Opop (VP) Script Q5,
(Persian)
to insult, to blast, (Albanian)
to humiliate, to
dispute
(Romanian)
x
x
x
x
x
x
OCHI, eye
(Romanian)
x
x
x
ocrea-ae, a
greave
ocior, ocius,
compar. adj.
swifter,
quicker; adv.
ocius, more
swiftly
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
Q65, Q95, Q320, Q335,
Q416, N31, R286,
Aph29
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x
x
x
x
oppeto-ere;
possibly obeoere, obitus-us,
death
morire, spegnarsi,
to die (Italian)
mourir, périr, to
die (French)
die, to
encounter
death, go to
meet
opeto (VPETV) Script
Q59, R49
x
x
x
x
x
x
Oph, Etruscan
goddess of
abundance?
Oph (VPH, VΦ) Script
Q297, Q286, Q303,
R13, R112
x
x
UR, UREZ, I
wish; URA, to
wish; ORAŞ,
town, city;
HORIM, folk
songs, we sing
folk songs;
URARE,
URĂTURĂ,
orator; URSI, to
predict/impose
the fate of a
newborn
(Romanian)
orio,
boundary
(Greek)
oro-are, to
speak
orsa-orum,
mentioned,
spoken
ora-ae,
boundary
orio, boundary;
dire, denotare,
parlare, to speak;
orazione, oration;
oratore, orator
(Italian)
orée, boundary;
parler, to speak;
orator, orateur,
orator (French)
to speak; or
boundary
or (VR) Script Z308,
Z421, Z1789, TC19,
TC46, TC266, Q217,
R108, Au85, DM-3, VP2, Au85, R-5, R-10,
R103, R109
ora (VRA) Script R35,
K111 (he/she speaks)
oras (VRAS) Script
TC19, TC161, TC179,
TC213, M19 (you
speak)
oran (VRAN) Script
LM-1 (probably
TVRAN)
ore (VRE) Script Z140
ores (VRES) Script
Q906
or_r (VR_R) Script BS2
oror (VRVR) Script
VG-1
orim (VRIM) Script
Z85, Z106, Z880, Z945,
Z1818 (sing. acc. noun?)
oro (VRV) Script N194,
R294, PC-3; PO-9
oros (VRVS) Script
TC138
orsum (VRSVM) Script
TC56
VRSvM, Script Z1654
x
x
x
x
Orestes-ae and is
x
Orestes, son of
Agamemnon
and
Clytemnestra
Oreste (VReSTE) Script
MM-4, CT-3
Orosthe (VRVSΘE)
Script DF-2
x
x
ORZ, barley
(Romanian)
x
hordeum-i
orzo (Italian)
orge (French)
barley
ork (VRK) Script Z489,
Z508, Z761, TC213
x
x
ORNA, to adorn
(Romanian)
x
orno-are;
adorno-are
ornare (Italian)
orner (French)
to equip,
adorn
orn (VRN) Script ZB-1,
Z834
x
x
x
x
aurora-ae
alba, aurora
(Italian)
aube (French)
dawn
OROAS (VRVAS),
Script VG-4 (noun, acc.
pl.)
x
x
URCA, to rise,
get up
(Romanian)
x
orior, oriri,
ortus
sorgere, levitere
(Italian)
lever (French)
to rise, get up
ortes (VRTES) Script
Q826
x
x
x
x
x
x
Aethra, mother
Orthea (VRΘEA) Script
of Theseus; in
CC-1
Sparta there was
a famous temple
of Artemis
Orthia
x
x
OS, bone, OSOS,
bony
(Romanian)
x
os, oris,
mouth; os,
ossis, bone
osso, bone; bocca,
mouth (Italian)
os, bone; bouche,
mouth (French)
bone or mouth
os (VS) Script ZB-3,
Z176, Z455, Z1006,
Z1243, Z1386, TC260,
TC271, AJ17, DL-7,
N236, R661, PO-7,
ZB-3, Z176, Z455,
Z1006, Z1243, Z1386,
TC260, TC271, AJ17,
DL-7, N236, R661,
PQ-5
osuis (VSFIS) Script
Z47, Z681, Z834,
TC201
x
x
x
x
oscen-inis
x
bird of
auguries,
raven, owl;
Owl is symbol
osca (VSCA) Script
DH-4 (OSINAS, AC17)
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of Athena
Osaie (VSAIE) Script
town by Rome: N453 "ie" = "ae" nom.
pl.
Ostia?
x
x
x
x
x
x
vOsia, name,
us, osati
x
x
x
uro, urere, ussi,
ustum
ustionare, bruciare
(Italian)
brûlure (French)
to burn, scorch osi (VSI) Script Z47,
Z681, Z834, TC201
x
x
x
x
x
x
Oso, Mt. Ossa Oso (VSV) Script MS-5
in N. Magnesia (Note: Script MS is the
Schøyen Mirror,
featuring Ikarius, the
first diciple of Dionysus
driving a chariot pulled
by two centaurs. The
forebearer of the
centaurs, Centaurus,
mounted Magnesian
mares and gave birth to
the race of centaurs.
x
x
x
x
hostis-is,
stranger
hostia-ae,
sacrifice
straniero, stranger;
sacrificio, sacrifice;
sacrificare, to
sacrifice; ospite,
host; Ostia
Consecrata,
consecrated host;
ostile, hostile
(Italian) étranger,
stranger; sacrifice,
sacrifice; sacrificer,
to sell at a
sacrifice; hostie,
host; hostile,
hostile (French)
stranger,
enemy,
opponent or
sacrificial
animal
ost (VST) Script Q899
oste (VSTE) Script Q74,
Q273
osti (VSTI) Script Q283,
R339
ostis (VSTI) Script
Z1326
x
x
x
x
ostendo-tendere
ostentare (Italian)
ostentateur, showy
(French)
to show, hold
out
ostento (VSTENTV)
Script N21, N53, N280,
N333, N435, N476,
N522, N533, N582,
N632, N660, Q290,
R270, R314
x
x
ODIHNI, they
rest; ODIHNA,
rest (Romanian)
x
otior-ari, licet,
licere, licuit
essere in ozio
(Italian)
loisir (French)
leisure, to be
at leisure, rest
ota (VTA) Script PG-5
ote (VTE) Script N268,
N294, R169, G-7
otin (VTIN) Script
Z1853
x
x
x
x
utor, uti, usus
utilizzare (Italian)
utiliser (French)
to use, employ
otor (VTVR) Script
Q139
aṇḍa, an egg,
the testicle
x
OU, egg
(Romanian)
avgo (Greek)
ovum-i
wy-au (Welsh)
uovo (Italian)
oeuf (French)
egg
ov (V8) Script N533,
N563, N738, N767,
Q821, R619, TC108
ove (V8E) Script TC120
x
x
OILE, the sheepfold (Romanian)
x
ovile-is,
sheepfold;
sheepfold;
ovillus-a-um, of
sheep
offella-ae, bit,
morsel
pecora, ovini,
sheep (Italian)
mouton, sheep
(French)
sheep
oveli (VFELI) Script
PL-1 (area of the
Piacenz Liver)
OVLIN (VFLIN) Script
L-8 (appears to be verb,
3rd pers. pl.)
paritas
x
x
x
per
in ogno punto di
(Italian)
partout (French)
throughout
pa (PA) Script XB-18,
XB-25 (See PE)
anunī, induce,
win over,
pacify
x
PACOSTE,
nuisance
(Romanian)
x
pacare, to
pacify
pacificare, piacare
(Italian)
pacifier (French)
pacify
Pegasus?
pacpak or pakste Script
CL-2
(Mirror shows Peleus
riding a winged horse)
bhIra, adj.,
inspiring
fear,
frightening;
bhayakara, adj.,
tars, bim [n],
tarsidan, to
fear
bac sie, obawa,
strach, fear
paniczny,
panika,
fobos, fear;
panikos, fobos,
panic (Greek)
dicka shumë
paveo, pavere,
pavi, to fear,
quake;
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
arswydo, to dread,
fear, shudder; ofni,
to
fear, dread,
apprehend; arynaig
[m], fear, dread
(Welsh)
to fear [<OE
faer],
paeveis
(PAEFEIS),
Script S-10;
pav (PAF),
Script TC38;
pava (PAFA),
Script DL-9
(Script DL is
an engraving
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Page 13 of 25
causing fear;
bim dâstan, to
bhI,
panic
bhayate, bibheti, (Persian)
to fear, be afraid
of
poploch, szerzyc
poploch, panic
(Polish)
argëtuese,
panik, lemeri,
panic [n]
(Albanian)
pavimento-are,
to pave
pavimentare, to
pave; paura [f], fear,
dread (Italian)
paver, to pave; peur
[f], fear, dread
(French)
panic; phobia,
to pave?
on a mirror of
an augur
reading a liver
and warning
King Tarquin
to fear..)
pavapa
(PAFAPA)
Script XA-7
x
x
x
x
x
Paphos, name
(3rd. Decl.
Nom.) Paphos,
Cyriote city?
Aphrodite's
sanctuary
Pafos (PAFOS) Script
XB-34
palo [m], pair,
couple; pala [f]
shovel (Italian)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Pallas-adis
and ados [f],
Athena, the
Greek goddess
of wisdom;
Minerva
x
x
x
x
Pan, Panes
przymocowac,
zamknac,
zapiac, fasten
(Polish)
ÎMPĂNA, to
fasten, to block
(Romanian)
deno, stereono,
fasten; grafo,
write; syntheto,
compose
(Greek)
pango,
lidh, fiksoj,
kapem, mbyll, pangere,
shtréngoj, to
panxi;
fasten;
kompozoj,
shkruaj, to
write
(Albanian)
dRDhay, -yati,
to
make firm,
fasten, confirm,
strengthen
yu, yauti, yute,
yuvati, -te,
fasten, hold fast,
bind, harness,
join, unite;
dRbh, dRbhati,
to connect,
write; likh,
likhati (-te), to
scratch,
bastan,
casbândan,
to fasten;
nevestan,
nâme
nevestan, to
write (Persian)
furrow, slit,
draw a line
write
Pania, region
near
Chiuso
pannia [f], time
(Italian)
Pan, Script XF-2
to fasten [<OE
faestnian], fix
[<Lat. fixus, pp.
of figo-figere,
fixi, fixum, to
fasten], write,
compose,
agree upon; to
scratch [ME
scracchen]
pane, Script
N404;
panes, Script
AN15, AN41
the people /
region
of Pania?
Paniem, Script
Z591
(Note: Script
Z, the Zagreb
Mummy,
mentions
many place
names and
Paniem may
be another.
"em" would be
sing. acc.
x
bhiSajy, -jyati,
bhiSNajy, jyati, to heal,
cure
behbudi
uzdrowiciel, healer
dâdan,
(Polish)
câre kardan,
darmân
kardan, to heal
(Persian)
therapevo,
heal
(Greek)
ilac, shërues,
healer [n]
(Albanian)
paean-anis [m];
curo-are, to
cure, heal
iacha/u, to heal, cure,
save; mendio, to
mend, heal, recover
(Welsh)
guarire, cicatrizzare,
sanare, to heal
(Italian)
guérir, cicatriser, to
heal (French)
the healer [<OE
haelan, to heal],
a surname of
Apollo; to mend
[<OE mendan]
paniem, Script Z591
x
x
x
x
Penates-ium
x
Penates,
household
deities
Panatam, Script T-5
("am" sing. acc.)
elastycznosc,
naciagnac,
napiac,
naprezyc,
przeciag,
rosciagnac,
rozciagniecie,
rospietosc,
xaplono,
diadido,
spread;
tentono,
ekteino,
ekteinomai,
tentoma,
stretch
(Greek)
hap, tërheq,
pando,
pandare,
estyn, to extend,
reach, pass, hand,
stretch, lengthen,
elongate; taenu, to
spread, expand,
stretch, disperse,
disseminate
pahn kardan,
gostardan,
paxs
kardan, to
spread;
x
Pan, god of
shepherds,
woods and
flocks
palas, Script
Au13
x
tan, tanoti,
tanute, to
extend, stretch,
spread, last,
continue,
protract,
lengthen, spin
out, weave; pis,
x
ffasno, to fasten;
clymu, to knot, tie,
fasten, knit
cliciedu, to latch,
fasten; cau, to
shut, close,
enclose, fence,
barricade,
obstruct, fasten,
lace (Welsh)
attacare, fissare, to
fasten, scriver, to
write (Italian);
attacher, fixer, to
fasten (French)
Athena?
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
to stretch [<OE
streccan] out,
spread [<OE
spraeden] out,
throw open, lay
panta, Script
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pisyati, to
stretch; Rj,
RJjati, -te,
Rjyati, -te, to
stretch out,
strive after, long
for, grasp,
snatch
kasidan, kas
dâdan,
gostares
dâdan, to
stretch
(Persian)
stretch
przestrzen,
rozciagac,
rozrzut,
spread,
szerzenie,
szerzyc, spread
(Polish)
forcoj, zgjias,
pandi, pansum
zgjat,
and passum
ekzagjeroj,
shtrij, shtriqem,
zmadhoj,
tendos,
tensionoj,
tejkaloj, to
stretch
(Albanian)
atyalpa, adj.,
very little;
amati, adj.,
poor;
[f], poverty
andak, kucak,
xord, adj.,
andak, adv.,
little; binavâ,
tohidast,
nazâr,
adj., binavâ
[n],
poor
(Persian)
less, malo, maly,
nieduzy,
niewiele, little;
biedny, nedzny,
ubogi, poor
(Polish)
mikros, ligos,
little
ftochos, poor
(Greek)
mendjengushtë
[fig.], i vocër, i
vogël, i pakët,
pak, i shkurtër;
adj., pak,
paksa, adv.;
pak, pron.
little; fukara, i
varfanjak,
i varfër, i
gjorë, i keq,
adj. poor
(Albanian)
x
x
x
x
parca-ae
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
atikram
ymestyn, to reach,
stretch, extend,
project (Welsh)
tendere (Italian)
tendre (French
pangarija, to spread
(Hittite)
parvus-a-um
bach (lleied, llai,
lleiaf), adj. little,
small, minute, petty
(Welsh)
poco, picolo, little;
povero, adj. poor
(Italian)
petite, peu, little;
pauvre, adj. poor
(French)
tepu, small, low
(Hittite)
open; extend
[<Lat. extendo
tendere -tendi
tensum, to
stretch
out], expand
Page 14 of 25
G10, G14
little, less [<OE
laessa, of little];
small, slight,
weak; short,
young, poor
[<Lat. pauper],
insignificant; a
little, minor,
inferior]; few
[<OE feawe]
parv (PARF),
Script Z92;
parvam
(PAR8AM),
Script N139
x
Parca, goddess
of fate, the
Three Fates
Parkes, Script XK-4
("es" = acc. pl. 1st decl.?
"as")
parma-ae
x
small shields
parmi, Script XD-2
x
Parthi-orum
x
x
Parthiam (PARΘIAM)
Script PF-1
(Note this is a stele of a
warrior; the "am" suffix
would be 2nd decl. acc.
sing."um"; of/to the
Parthian)
x
x
partio-ire and
partior-ire;
spartire (Italian)
partager (French)
part, to
separate,
divide
parto (PARTV) Script
VP-3 (phrase is PARTV
NVS; "to divide ours")
x
x
x
transgredi,
transire,
praeterire
passare (Italian)
passer (French)
to pass, go
over
pasar, Script TA-3
(This is a mural in a
tomb of one priest
facing another)
x
x
PĂŞI, to pass
(Romanian)
gavādana,
pasture land
x
x
pita, pitaa
pitR^i, father
x
pax, pacis,
peace
pace, f. peace,
quiet, (Italian)
paix, f. peace,
(French)
peace, quiet?
pasia, S-22
(possibly a
person's name
because of the
"ia" suffix.
PĂSTOS pasty,
PAŞTEs it grazes
x
pastus-us
x
food, pasture
pastospastos
x
x
x
pateo-ere
esporre, to expose
(Italian)
exposer (French)
open, to be
exposed,
revealed
paten, Script L46 (they
expose)
pitar, patar,
ptar, father
(Avestan)
otac, father
(Serbo
Croatian)
ojciec, father
(Polish)
aciec, aciec,
baçka,
father (Belarus)
tavas, father,
(BalticSudovian)
te.tis, father
(BalticLithuanian)
PATRIE,
fatherland
(Romanian)
pater, tetta,
father
(Greek)
baba, ate,
father
(Albanian)
pater, father
patria-ae [f],
fatherland
tad (Welsh)
athair-ar (Scott)
tad (Breton)
padre [m], father;
patria [f], fatherland
(Italian)
père [m], father,
patrie [f],
fatherland; tête,
head, leader,
summit (French)
pácar, father,
(Tocharian)
tedi, a father,
teTTi, paternal
(Lycian)
tati, father (Hittite)
father [<OE
faeder],
fatherland
(PASTOS) Script XR-2
patir
(PATYR),
Script XE-11
patre, Script
Q53, Q162,
Q171, Q209,
Q243, Q416
patrebum
(PATRE8VM),
Script
R258;
See also: teto
(tetv)
Script Q, R
ate, ates, atia,
ati
pe (PE), Script
Z272, Q33,
Q468, Q701,
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
10/8/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c...
x
pApa (pApa),
bad, wicked,
evil,
inauspicious;
badly, wrongly
[m], bad fellow,
wretch,
profligate; evil,
sin, harm,
trouble
barâye,
barâye,
inke,conj.,
barâye,
darpey, prep.,
through;
bedaste,
bâ, dame, by,
prep., sartâsar,
adj., adv.,
through
(Persian)
dla, gdyz,
poniewaz, przez,
za, zamiast, for;
obok, przez,
przy, u, w
poblizu, by;
bezposredni, na
wylot, przez,
through (Polish)
PE, on, over
(Romanian)
Page 15 of 25
Q763, Q829,
Q837, R13,
R72, G27,
K31
Pe, Script
TC236, N160,
N206, N254,
N268, N417,
L71, TC236,
S22
pei, Script
Au22
gia, dioti, for;
para, konta,
plision, dia,
apo, by; dia
mesou,
kateytheian,
pera gia pera,
per
through
(Greek)
në favor të, për,
në emër të, si,
gjatë, në vend
të, për në, për
shkak, prep. for
(Albanian)
canys (cans),
oblegid, for; heibio,
by; trwodd, trwy,
through (Welsh)
per; pei, for the
(Italian)
par (French
for [<OE for],
by
[<OE bi],
through
[<OE thuruh]
peior-us,
peius, superl.
pessime, badly,
ill
drwg (cyunddrwg,
gwaeth, gwaethaf),
adj. bad, evil,
naughty, wicked, ill;
drwg (drygau) [m],
evil, harm, hurt, ill,
malady, mischief
(Welsh)
pessimismo [m],
pessimisim;
malamente,
fortemente,
badly, adv. (Italian)
pessisism [m],
pessimisim;
méchamment, mal,
badly, adv. (French
badly [<ME
badde, bad]
peis, Script
Z1292;
peio, peiu
(PEIV) Script
N268
skin [<ON
skinn],
hide [<OE hyd]
pel,
ScriptsN660,
Q500, R270,
K123
zest, sum,
ziyânâar, adj.,
badi [n], bad
(Persian)
dotkliwie,
marnie,
paskudnie,
silnie, zle, badly
(Polish)
aschima, badly
(Greek)
keq, keqas,
shumë, me
rrezik, badly,
adv. (Albanian)
carmin, adj.,
covered with
skin; [m], shield
bearer; tvaca
[n], hide, skin;
chavi [f], skin,
hide,
complexion,
colour, beauty,
splendour
pust, carm,
xaz,
skin [n]
(Persian)
cera, obdzierac
ze
skory, obierac,
poszycie, skora,
skorka, skin
(Polish)
PIELE, PELE,
skin
derma, floios,
flouda, gderno,
xefloudizo,
skin; krybo,
krybomai,
hide (Greek)
lëkurë, gëzof,
lëvore, kacek,
mashtrues,
shakull, skin
[n] (Albanian)
pellis-is [f]
cen [m], skin, peel,
scales, scurf, film;
croen, skin, hide,
pelt, rind (Welsh)
pelle [f], skin, hide,
peel (Italian)
peau, pellicule [f];
peler, to skin
(French)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Peleus, father of
Achilles
Pe, Script
TC236,
N160,
N206,
N254,
N268,
N417, L71,
TC236; S22
Pele, Script CR-2
PELION (PELIVN),
Script Dp-2
patatra [n],
wing,
pinion, feather;
pattray, -yati, to
feather; parNa,
wing, plume,
feather
piorko, pioro,
pokryc piorami,
upierzenie,
feather
par [n], feather
(Polish)
(Persian)
PANĂ, feather,
plum; PENAR
pen box
(Romanian)
kthim
horizontal,
pupël, pendë,
vogëlsirë,
feather [n]
(Albanian)
penna-ae
(feather,
wing)
pluen (plu) [f],
feather, plume,
quill, plumage
plufyn (pluf) [m],
feather, plume, quill
(Welsh)
pluma, penna [f],
feather (Italian)
plume, penna [f]
feather, empenner,
to
feather one's nest
(French)
pattar, wing (Hittite)
x
x
x
x
penarius-a-um
x
of or for the
provisions?
place, Penaria?
Penaria (PENaRIA),
Script K176
("ia" suffix suggests a
place name)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
PENEIS, Script K83
timoro, punish
(Greek)
dënoj,
ndëshkoj,
ceryddu, to correct,
chastise, punish,
rebuke; cosbi, to
punish; poeni, to
pain, ache, ail,
worry, grieve,
penes, with acc.; annoy, torment,
daNDay, -yati,
to
punish, chastise,
fine; to detest,
pâdefrah,
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
feather [<OE
fether]; plume
[<Lat. pluma]
pen, Script
Z1337
10/8/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c...
hate, punish,
revenge; uS,
oSati & uSNAti,
to burn,
consume,
destroy, punish,
burn down
keyfar
[n],
punishment
(Persian)
x
x
stërmundoj,
përlaj,
biftekun,
shkund, to
punish; dënim,
ndëshkim,
punishment [n]
(Albanian)
peonio, punio
and
punior-iri, to
punish, avenge
x
x
x
x
penso-are;
mens,
mentis [f],
mind,
understanding,
intellect,
judgment
meddwl, to think,
cogitate, deem,
mean; synied, to
think, believe, feel,
conceive; tybio, to
suppose, think,
imagine (Welsh)
pensare, to think,
intend (Italian)
penser, to think,
consider (French)
karac, punish
(Polish)
plague, punish
(Welsh)
punire, to punish;
vendicare, to avenge
(Italian)
punir, to punish;
pénaliser, to
penalize; peine [f]
punishement;
venger, to avenge
(French)
in the power of,
belonging to
Page 16 of 25
penes, Scripts
Q253, K86
Penia, name of a Penia, Script CH-1
warrior fighting
Achilles
tark, tarkayati,
to
suppose,
conjecture,
guess, reflect
regard, think of,
ponder, think
over; dIdhi,
dIdhye, adIpdet,
to appear,
seem, perceive,
look at, think;
man, manyate, ti, manute,
to think,
believe,
imagine,
consider
gomân kardan,
andisidan,
manidan, to
think
(Persian)
myslec,
przypuszczac,
rozmyslac,
thought,
zastanawiac sie,
think (Polish)
theoro, meleto,
lambano
ypopsi,
consider;
skeftomai,
syllogizomai,
think (Greek)
mendoj, kujtoj,
to think
(Albanian)
x
x
x
x
pauci, rari
pochi (Italian)
peu (French)
few
peo (PEV) Script
TC220, L31
x
x
x
x
pio-are
expiare (Italian)
expier (French)
propitiate
peori, Script PL-11
(area of the Piacenza
Liver)
x
dla, gdyz,
poniewaz, przez,
za, zamiast, for;
barâye,
obok, przez,
barâye,
przy, u, w
inke, conj.,
poblizu, by;
barâye,
bezposredni, na
darpey, prep.,
wylot, przez,
through;
through;
bedaste, bâ,
podczas, w
dame, by,
czasie, during;
prep., sartâsar,
dalej, naprzod,
adj., adv.,
wzdluz, along;
through;
dalej, na, nad,
hangâm, prep.,
na temat, o, po,
during; az,
przy, w,
from, prep.,
wlaczony, on
(Persian)
(Polish)
PER, by, for
(Romanian)
pano, epi,
eis,
pros, kata,
on
(Greek)
gjatë,
përmes,
nëpër, nga,
through,
prep.
(Albanian)
x
x
x
x
pad, padyate (ti)
x
apa-nas
(Avestan)
mordan,
x
x
i"s"ceznuti,
propasti, umreti
(SerboCroatian) ginac,
przepadac,
stracic zycie,
perish (Polish)
aul'autune, to
per
achos, canys,
oblegid,
oherwydd, because,
conj., ar (arn),
prep. on, upon,
over,
at; ymlaen, adv.
onward, along;
canys (cans),
oblegid, for; heibio,
by; trwodd, trwy,
through (Welsh)
per (Italian)
par (French)
to weigh
carefully,
to estimate, to
ponder,
consider,
require, pay for,
think [<OE
thencan],
pensive;
meditate [<Lat.
meditor-ari, to
think over]
for [<OE for],
by
[<OE bi],
through
[<OE thuruh]
along, over, for,
by, to on,
throughout,
during, from, by
means of,
because of
per, Script
Z26, Z1146,
Z1378, K136,
N-11, N41,
N63, N100,
N469, N491,
N513, N543,
N573, N590,
N595, N615,
N647, N660,
N676, N711,
Q47, Q117,
Q335,Q406,
Q424, Q433,
Q475, Q512,
Q713, R47,
R229, R248,
R258, R306,
R334, R521,
K28, K76,
K86, K136,
PL-7, PL-14,
XV-3
perish, to vanish
pera, Script Q57, N404
Perae, the
Roman port, or
its region
Perae, Script
R314, R325|
Peraem, Script
Q500;
Periai, Script
N304
par (French)
x
ftheiromai,
katastrefomai,
perish;
exafanizomai,
pereo-ire
perire (Italian)
périr (French)
Perae
x
pereo-ire-li-iviitum; to
vanish, perish;
peroro-are, to
speak from
colli, to lose, forfeit,
be lost, perish, spill;
darfod (dar-), to
perish, die, expire;
trengi, to die,
perish, expire;
difywyd, adj.
lifeless, dead;
marw, to die,
expire, perish
(Welsh)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
pensin, Script
Z19
to die [<ON
pera, Script
N404
pere, Script
Z508, Z1097,
N194, R238
peri, Script
N689, N725
periai, Script
N304
perion
10/8/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c...
{vyA} perish,
be
lost; gal, galati,
drip, drop, fall,
vanish, perish
stigh, stighnoti,
stighnute, to
proceed,
stride, mount,
ascend, rise;
vraj, vrajati,
proceed, march,
go,
attack,
approach; yA,
yAti (-te), go,
travel, march,
set out, depart,
fly, escape,
pass,
vanish, perish
x
zUdrajana [m];
sakalajana [m],
every person,
everybody;
kSam, kSamate,
to be patient,
quiet, endure,
suffer, bear,
pardon, forgive;
tij, tejate, to be
sharp, sharpen,
incite, endure,
bear, impel;
sah, sahate (-ti),
to overpower,
win battles, be
victorious,
master,
suppress, bear,
suffer, endure
nâbud
sodan, ziyân
raftan, to
perish
(Persian)
pisraftan,
rahsepâr
sodan, to
proceed
(Persian)
x
kas, tan [n],
person
(Persian)
pâydâri,
bordbâri
[n],
endurance;
dirpây,
pâydâr,
adj., lasting
(Persian)
die; nikt, to
dissapear
(BalticSudovian)
PIERE, she/he
perishes, PIERI,
you perish;
PIERI, he/she
perished; PIER,
I perish
(Romanian)
dochod,
kontynuuowac,
odbywac sie,
posuwac sie
naprzod,
przychod,
przystapic,
toczyc sie,
udawac sie,
wytoczyc
proces, zysk,
proceed
(Polish)
to vanish
(Greek)
mbaroj,
vdes,
prishem, to
perish
(Albanian)
prochoro,
energo,
proceed
(Greek)
eci, vazhdoj,
lëviz, bëhet,
buron, bëj,
rrjedh, veproj,
proceed
(Albanian)
x
x
osoba, person
(Polish)
PERSOANA,
person
(Romanian)
prosopo,
atomo,
person;
phusis,
nature
(Greek)
individ,
person,
njeri, vetë,
pamje e
jashtme,
person
fizik [drejt.]
person
(Albanian)
wytrzymac,
zniesc, endure
(Polish)
ypofero,
antecho,
endure;
teleftaios,
kalapodi,
diarko,
last (Greek)
duroj, pésog,
qéndroj,
rzistoj, to
endure
(Albanian)
beginning to
end,
plead a cause;
morior
mori, mortuus,
moriturus, to
die, to die away
pergo, pergere,
perga,
perrectum
eug, [m.], death, to
die, perishbàs, death
bàsaich, to die,
perish, wither
(Scott)
perire; morto, adj.,
dead (Italian)
périr; mort, adj.
dead
(French)
wäl, to die
(Tocharian)
ak, to die (Hittite)
deillio, to proceed,
result, issue, derive,
emanate; hanu (han)
to proceed, be
derived, be
descended; mynd, to
go, repair, become,
grow, proceed;
tarddu, to spring,
sprout, proceed
(Welsh)
procedere, to
proceed;
andare, to go
(Italian)
procéder, to proceed
aller, to go (French)
deyja], vanish,
perish; speak
from beginning
to end, perorate;
to continue,
proceed, go
[<OE gan] forth
[<OE forth]
Page 17 of 25
(PERIVN)
Script L31
PERIReN,
Script L25
pero (PERV),
Script
R294, R437,
R474,
perum
(PERVM),
Script N689,
N725, Q424
perk, Script
N160
persnimo
(PERSNIMV),
Script
N230, Q726,
Q713
persniphmv
(PERSNIΦMV),
Script
Q737, Q829,
Q887, R511,
R521, R499,
R474, R574,
R607, R644
persiphmo
(PERSIΦMV),
Script Q847;
personarum
fictio,
personification
personoli, to
personify,
impersonate
(Welsh)
personificare, to
personify (Italian)
personnifier, to
personify (French)
epithet, name,
Persniphmus
persona-ae [f],
mask;
personatus-aum,
masked,
disguised
dyn-ion [m], man,
person, fellow, pl.
folk, folks; personau
[m], person (Welsh)
persona [f] (Italian)
personne [f]
(French)
kektseñe, a body
(Tocharian)
person, fellow
[<ON felagi,
business
partner],
body [<OE
bodig),
individual
[<Lat.
individuus];
physique [<Fr.
physique]
person, persun
(PERSVN),
Script Q784,
Q805, Q813,
R511
persto-stare-stiti
statum, to stand
firm, endure;
duro-are, to
make hard,
endure
dioddef, to suffer,
bear, endure, wait;
goddef, to bear,
suffer, endure,
abide, allow,
tolerate; parhau, to
last, continue,
endure,
remain, persevere,
perpetuate; ymaros,
to bear with, endure
(Welsh)
durare, resistere, to
last; sopravvivere,
durare a lungo, to
last out (Italian)
durer, endurer,
patienter, supporter,
tolérer, to endure;
durable, adj.,
to stand firm,
remain
standing,
last [<OE
laestan],
endure [<Lat.
induro-are, to
make hard or
firm]
remain
unchanged
persto
(PERSTV),
Script R530
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c...
Page 18 of 25
lasting,
permanent (French)
pes, pedis [m]
troed (traed) [m.f.],
foot, leg, pedestal,
handle (Welsh)
piede [m], foot
(Italian)
pied [m], foot
(French)
pe, pai, paiyye
(Tocharian)
pdde, a place
(Lycian)
pata, foot; pedan,
pieti, pidi, a
place (Hittite)
foot [<OE fot],
army; tread [OE
tredan], to walk
[<OE wealcan,
to
roll]
pes, Script
TC19, TC38,
TC190,
TC271, N63,
N670, N700
x
piscor-ari, to
fish
pescare, to fish
(Italian)
pêcher, to fish
(French)
he fishes [<OE
fisc]
pesca, Script
LS-3
bozorg, setabr,
meh, adj., meh
[n], great
(Persian)
megas,
megalos,
tranos,
spydaios,
great
(Greek)
i madh, i
famshëm,
kryesor,
fisnik, adj.
great
(Albanian)
pes, pedis [m] +
nimius-a-um,
very
great, too great,
excessive,
intemperate,
immoderate; n.
as a subst. a
great deal, also
excess, too
much; magnusa-um, compar.
maior, maius;
superl.
maximus, great
mawr-ion, adj.
large,
big, great, high
(Welsh)
considerevole,
magnamino,
superiore, adj.,
great, (Italian)
grand, éminent,
excellent,
magnifique,
adj., great (French);
mag-, great
(Illyrian)
maki, much
(Tocharian)
name, Pesnimo?
great feet/
army;
magnificent,
major
vyaJjana, adj.,
[f],
insinuation, [n],
manifestation,
betrayal,
characteristic,
attribute, the
insignia
of a prince,
ornament,
condiment,
sauce,
juice,
consonant,
syllable
câsni, âbe
xores,
sauce
(Persian)
przyprawa, sos,
tupet, sauce
(Polish)
PASTĂ, paste
(Romanian)
saltsa,
aythadeia,
aythadiazo,
salse, sauce
(Greek)
marmelatë,
salcë,
prevede,
paturpësi,
sauce [n]
(Albanian)
ius, iuris, broth,
soup;
condimentum-,
spice,
seasoning, sauce
saws-iau [m], sauce
(Welsh)
pesto, Genoese
sauce; adj. crushed,
battered; (Italian)
pâte [f], batter,
sauce [f], sauce
(French)
crushed, sauce?
pesto (pestv)
Script Q183
possibly pes tv
x
x
x
x
x
x
unknown word,
possibly place
name
Pesuntrum
(PESVNTRVM) Script
N700
to make for, go
to, attack; ask
for, beg [<OE
beggen],
request, stand
for, sue for,
petition
pet, Script
TC260
pet na, or
PETNA Script
Z1227 (Note:
the "na" "ne"
suffix is given
to the names
of people; i.e.
RASNA,
RASNE
RASNES name
Etruscans
called
themselves)
petes, Script
XK-5
five [<OE fife]
pet, Script
TC260,
Z1227?
padam, paada
W-votk; Evod
(Armenian)
frabdem
[frabda],
pad [m]
(Avestan)
pâ, dâmane,
tah
[n], foot
(Persian)
stopa (Serbo
Croatian)
dol, spod,
stopa,
foot (Polish)
piechatom,
piechatoju,
piesa, pieski
[adv.] (Belarus)
peda (Baltic
Sudovian)
poda
(Greek)
paguaj
(Albanian)
x
x
PESCUIE,
he/she fishes
(Romanian)
pramahas, adj.,
of great might;
bRhanta, adj.,
great; vimahant,
adj., very great;
adj., so large, so
great, so much;
adj., much,
many, great,
strong
abhiyogapattra
[n], a petition or
writing of a
complaint;
yAcikA [f],
a petition,
request;
prArthana [n],
wish, desire,
request,
entreaty,
petition or suit
dâdxâst [n],
darxâst
kardan, to
petition
(Persian)
pa.ncha,
paJNcha
pañca
[pañcan]
(Avestan)
panj, adj. [n],
five
(Persian)
hing, five
petycja, petition
(Polish)
parakalo, zito,
iketevo
zitianevo,
beg (Greek)
kërkesë,
peticion,
lutje, petition
[n]; kërkoj,
lutem, to
petition
(Albanian)
peto-ere -ivi and
itum; to make
for, go
for, petition,
petina-ae [f] a
dish
pet (SerboCroatian)
piec (Polish)
piac (Belarus)
penkei, penkis
(BalticSudovian)
pente (Greek)
pesë
(Albanian)
quinque
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
deisebu, to petition;
petisiwn [m],
petition; erfyniad-au
[m], petition, prayer
(Welsh)
petente [m]
petitioner,
petizione [f],
petition
(Italian)
pétition [f], petition
(French)
pump (pum)
, (Welsh)
cóig (Scott)
cinque (Italian)
cinq (French)
pañä, pic, pis
Pesnim, Script
N500, N660
Pesnimu,
Script
N21, N290,
N320, N444,
N529, N553,
N598, N632,
Q162, Q171,
Q194:
10/8/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c...
(Armenian)
kezamArjaka
[m], comb;
ashma,
ashman.h (m)
penki
(Lithuanian)
sâne [n], sâne
zadan, to
comb
(Persian)
czesac,
grzebien,
comb (Polish)
PIEPTENE,
comb
(Romanian)
asmanaca
(Avestan);
sang, gowhar,
kolux [n]
stone,
sangsâr
kardan,
sangcin
kardan, to
stone;
gar, duru_t
(Yagnobian)
kamenica,
stone, litica,
stena
rock]
(SerboCroatian)
kamien, pestka,
stone (Polish)
kamien [m]
(Belarus)
akmenis,
stabas, rock
(BaltoSudovian)
PIATRĂ, stone,
rock; PETRU,
Peter;
PIETROS, stony
(Romanian)
Page 19 of 25
(Tocharian)
chtena,
chtenizo,
comb
(Greek)
krehër,
griba,
krehëse
[tekst.],
huall, lafshë,
comb
[n]
(Albanian)
pecten
crib-au [f.m.],
comb,
crest, ridge, brow,
ledge; dil-iau [m],
comb (Welsh)
petine [m] (Italian)
peigne [m]
(French)
petra (Greek)
gur, guralec,
stone, rock
(Albanian)
comb [<OE
comb]?
PETeNA
Script Z1227
lapis-idis, stone
saxam, rock
caregan (caregen,
caregos)[f], stone,
pebble; carreg
(cerrig) [f], stone;
maen (meini) [m],
stone; maen hir,
monolith; caregu, to
stone, petrify;
llabyddio, to
stone (Welsh)
carraig or cairge,
rock; carragh, rock,
pillar, monument
(Scott)
maen (Breton)
pietra [f] (Italian)
pierre [f] (French)
peruna, rock
(Hittite)
stone [<OE
stan]
petr, Script
Z1854,
TC61, TC137
petro
(PETRV),
Script TC-1,
TC120;
petros,
(PETRVS)
ScriptTC38,
TC61, TC144,
TC190
Patronius-i,
name;
patronus-i [m],
protector;
protego
egere -texi tectu, to protect,
defend;
patron;
patronia-ae [f],
protectress
noddwr (noddwyr)
[m], protector,
patron, benefactor
(Welsh)
patron [m] (Italian)
patron [m] (French)
patron; possibly
a name,
Petronia
protectress
Petronia
(Petrvnia),
Script R565
("ia" suffix
suggests a
proper name)
nArkalpi [m],
patron;
nArnamana [m],
patron;
pArSadvANa
m], patron;
daiDa [m., f.],
patron;
dvaimatya
[m], patron
postibân,
negahdâr
[n], patron
(Persian)
opiekun,
protektor, patron
(Polish)
prostatis,
patron
(Greek)
mbrojtës, adj.
patronage;
mecenat,
përkrahës
i arteve, klient i
rregullt, pajtor
[n], patron
(Albanian)
x
x
x
x
pubes-is, f.
petychaino,
katorthono,
attain (Greek)
arrij, realizoj,
to
attain
(Albanian)
cwblhau, to fulfill,
complete, finish,
achieve; cyflawni,
to
fulfill, perform,
commit, achieve,
execute; gorffen, to
finish, complete,
pervenio venire- conclude, achieve;
veni
cyrraedd, to reach,
ventum
attain, arrive,
amount (Welsh)
pervenire, to attain
(Italian)
parvenir, to attain
(French)
ta, to come; tija, to
come, approach,
become (Hittite)
to come
through,
arrive [<OFr.
ariver] at, reach,
attain to [<Lat.
attingerotingere
tigi -tactum, to
touch, reach],
achieve [<OFr.
achever <vener,
a chef, to come]
pevenes
(PE8eNeS),
Script K20
o pio
kontinos,
epomenos,
prosechis,
next;
tote, loipon,
then;
katopi(n),
afterwards
(Greek)
herën tjetër,
post
then, next,
afterwards
puia (PFIA)
Script Z1780
acchAi,
acchAgam, to
attain, go
towards; vinaz,
to reach, attain
x
yâftan, to
attain
(Persian)
sepas, adj.,
sepas, pas,
ângâh, then;
digar, sepas,
âyande, adj.,
sepas, adv.,
next;
osiagnac,
zdobyc, attain
(Polish)
PE VINE, to
arrive
(Romanian)
najblizszy,
nastepnie,
nastepny, obok,
sasiedni, tuz
przy, next;
nastepnie,
wiec, wowczas,
w takim razie,
wtedy, zatem,
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
giovinezza, gioventu, youth, young
giovane, adolescenza adult
(Italian)
jeunesse,
adolescence (French)
wedyn, adv.
afterwards, then,
after; yna ('na),
there, then; ynteu
(ynte), adv. then;
conj. or, or else,
peub (PEF8) Script PB4
10/8/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c...
x
x
mihira [m], avi
[m], sUra [m],
the sun;
x
pariveSTana [n],
cover, veil,
ligature,
bandage;
paTTaka [m.f.],
plate, tablet,
cloth, bandage,
document; varti
[f], a pad or
kind of bandage
on a wound,
wick, paint, eyesalve
afterwards,
adv.
sepas, pas
(Persian)
then; nastepnie,
po pewnym
czasie, potem,
pozniej,
afterwards
(Polish)
pastaj, pas
kësaj, next,
adv.,
atëherë, në
atë kohë,
pastaj, vec
kësaj, adv.,
then
(Albanian)
x
x
x
x
xorsid, âftâb,
xor, sun [n]
(Persian)
x
navâre zaxm
[n], bandage;
daste, boqce,
baste [n],
bundle
(Persian)
x
niedziela,
slonce, sun
(Polish)
x
ilios, the sun
(Greek)
diell, dritë
dielli, sun
[n]
(Albanian)
x
x
bandaz,
bandazowac,
bandage;
tobolek,
wiazka,
zawiniatko,
bundle
(Polish)
FÂŞIE, band,
girdle
(Romanian)
epidesmos,
epideno,
bandage;
tainia, zoni,
syndeo
band; dema,
bogos,
desmi,
desmida,
paketo,
paketaro,
syskeyazo,
tyligo,
bundle; zoni,
perizono,
belt (Greek)
fashë,
bandazh,
fashatim,
lidhje,
bordurë,
shirit,
bandage [n];
krah,
vandak,
deng, pako,
bundle [n]
(Albanian)
Page 20 of 25
otherwise (Welsh)
poi (Italian)
puis (French)
x
x
Phoebus-i [m],
Apollo the sun
god; hence,
subst.
Phoebas-adis [f]
a
priestess, a
prophetess; adj.
Phoebeius and
Phoebeus-a-um,
of
Phoebus; solsolis [m],
the sun
x
PH, person's
initials?
Pha, Script
AN21, N638,
N670, N738,
R62, R413 ,
x
Pha, Etruscan
goddess; fay, a
fairy, an elf
[<Lat. fata]
haul (heuliau) [m],
the sun; huan [f],
the sun (Welsh)
sole [m], the sun
(Italian)
soleil [m], the sun
(French)
Phoebus-i [m],
Apollo the sun
god; hence,
subst.
Phoebas-adis [f]
a priestess, a
prophetess; adj.
Phoebeius and
Phoebeus-a-um,
of Phoebus;
some early
writers
identified
Phoebus Apollo
with the ancient
sun god Helios,
brother of Eos
and Selene;
the sun [<OE
sunne]
Phabas, Script
Q906,
Phabeto
(Phabetv),
Script Q217,
Q253, Q263,
Q468, Q893,
Q899
(Phoebadis?)
Phabe, Script
N160, N194
(abl. sing)
Phabia, Script
R31, R121,
R131, R150
Phabas, Script
Q906 ("as"
acc. pl to gen.
sing. Phabia)
Phasei, Script
Z180, Z347
(Note this may
be a person's
name. Suffix
"ei" is the
same as Elenei
(Helen's).
Phoebe-is [f],
the
sister of
Phoebus,
the Moon
goddess, Diana
x
Phoebe-is [f],
the
sister of
Phoebus,
the Moon
goddess, Diana
fascia-ae [f], a
bandage,
band, girdle,
girth;
fascis-is [m],
bundle, packet;
plur. fasces,
bundles of
sticks with an
axe projecting,
carried by
lictors
before chief
magistrates
rhwymo , to bind,
tie, lash, bandage;
gwregysu, to girdle
bwndel-i [m],
coflaid
[f], armful, bundle;
pac -iau [m],
bundle;
sypio, to pack, heap,
bundle, group
(Welsh)
fascia [f], band,
belt,
bandage; pl.
swaddling
bands; faggoto [m],
bundle (Italian)
paquet, fagot [m],
bundle (French)
bandages
[<Fr.bandage],
band [<OFr.
bande],
girdle [<OE
gyrdel], bundle
[<ME bundel]
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
Ph (Φ) , Script
Z508
Script
AN20,
N638,
N670,
N738, R56,
R413
10/8/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c...
daivatas, adv.
by fate or
chance; daivya
[f],
divine power,
sarnevest [n],
fate, destiny;
fate (Persian)
vidhi [m],
disposition, rule,
method, act,
ceremony, fate
destiny
los,
przenznaczenie,
fate (Polish)
FĂT, FATĂ,
son, daughter,
foetus
(Romanian)
moira,
pepromeno,
fate (Greek)
fat, e ardhme,
orë [fig.], risk,
vdekje,
fate [n]
(Albanian)
an utterance,
esp.
divine
utterance;
destiny, fate;
Phaethon, son
of
Helios; risk
[<Ital.
risko]
Phato
(ΦATV),
Script N112,
N428
light [<OE
leoht]
lighthouse,
lamp
pher (ΦER),
Script N206,
R40, R56,
R72,
R619;
pheri (ΦERI),
Script Z516,
N483, N624,
Q74, Q84,
Q202, Q854,
G30
pherie
(ΦERIE),
Script N100
pheris
(ΦERIS),
Script N53,
N483
Perseus, Greek
hero
Pherse (ΦERSE), Script
DG-1
x
Persephone,
goddess of the
Underworld
Phersipnei
(ΦERSIPNEI),
Script PH-2,
Tomb of
Orcos and
Tomba del
Oro
Phesnes
(ΦESNES),
Q376, Q388
See also Fesni,
Script Z929
fatum-i, fate;
Phaethon
ontis [m] the
son of Helios
the sun god
killed by trying
to drive the
chariot of his
father's chariot
tynghedfen-nau [f],
destiny, fate; ffawd
(ffodion) [f],
fortune,
fate, luck (Welsh)
fato, sorte [m] fate
(Italian)
destin, sort [m], fate
(French)
diipadiipaH,
lamp; shukla
raocah [-]
(Avestan)
sabok, âheste
[n], light;
rowsan
kardan, âtas
zadan, to give
light (Persian)
svetionik,
lampa, lamp
(SerboCroatian)
jasny, lampa,
lekki, lit, ogien,
oswietlac,
rozpalic,
swiatlo,
swiecic, zapalic
(Polish)
sviatlo, light;
malanka,
lightning
(Belarus)
phos, light;
faros,
lighthouse;
lampas,
torch (Greek)
dritë, fener
(Albanian)
pharus-us-i,
lighthouse;
lumen-inis,
light; lux, lucis,
[f] light, esp.
daylight
golau (goleuadau)
[m],
light; gwawl [m],
light;
llewych [m], light,
brightness;
llucheden
[f], lightning
(Welsh)
luce, giorno,
faro, fanale,
semaforo, light;
leggiero, lieve, to
light; phare,
lumiére,
clarté, lueur
[f] light (French)
pahwar, fire; lukkai,
light, to shine
(Hittite)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Sita (rescued
from the
Otherworld
from the dragon
Ravana by her
husband Rama;
see the
Ramayana
x
x
Persephone,
(Greek)
Proserpina
Page 21 of 25
x
x
x
x
Fescennia-ae
x
a Faliscian
town,
Fescennia? An
Etrurian town
famous for
verse
dialogues
x
x
x
phos, light
(Greek)
x
x
Pho, a goddess
–
of light?
Pho (ΦV),
Script N428,
Q209
Phobos, god of
panic, fear
[<OE
faer]
Phobia
(ΦV8IA),
Script R93
fire, hearth?
seal, ring?
phoce
(ΦVCE),
Script Q784
phoki (ΦVCI)
S50
vidrava [m],
running
asunder, flight,
panic; bhIMti
[f], fear,
danger; bhIra,
adj., inspiring
fear, frightening
mudrikA [f],
seal-ring,
signet;
vahnicaya,
kuptu a
fireplace,
hearth, a
firep
paniczny,
panika,
poploch, szerzyc
poploch, panic;
bac sie, obawa,
strach, fear
(Polish)
phobos, fear;
god Phobos;
panikos,
panic
(Greek)
frikë, rrezik,
shqetësim,
fear [n]
(Albanian)
timor-oris [m],
fear:
pavor-oris [m]
achor [m], fear,
tumult; aeth-au [m],
pain, frief, fear,
shock; ofn-au
[m], fear, dread,
terror, misgiving;
arynaig [m]
fear, dread (Welsh)
fobia [f], fear
(Italian)
crainte, peur [f],
fear;
panique [f], panic
(French
foka, futro z fok,
pieczatka,
pieczec,
xuke âbi,
pieczetowac,
mohr [n], seal; plomba,
âvestan, to
uszczelka,
seal (Persian) uszczelka, seal
(Polish)
FOC, fire
(Romanian)
sfragida,
sfragizo,
epikyrono,
foki,
seal (Greek)
fokë, detyrë,
vulë, plumb,
shenjë,
provë,
premtim,
seal [n]
(Albanian)
phoca-ae and
phoce [f] focusi, hearth, house
sel, seliau, selau [f],
seal (Welsh)
focolare, hearth [m]
(Italian)
foyer, hearth
(French)
bim dâstan, to
panic
(Persian)
phont, phunt
(ΦVNT),
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
10/8/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c...
avô
hvarenanãmca
utsa, m. spring,
[avô-hvarena]
fountain;
(Avestan)
prabhUti, origin,
casme,
source;
sâdorvân,
sufficiency,
adj., fountain;
power, might;
sarcasme,
khA3, source,
nezâd,
fountain
origin
(Persian)
fontanna,
fountain
(Polish)
FÂNTÂNĂ,
fountain
(Romanian)
brisi, fountain;
pigi, source
(Greek)
shatërvan,
fountain;
burim, originë,
gurrë, source
(Albanian)
tveSatha [m],
violence, fury;
manyumI, adj.,
destroying, fury
or in a fury;
manyu [m],
mood, temper,
ardour, zeal,
wrath, fury, rage
xesmnâk,
âtasi,
divâne, adj.,
furious
(Persian)
furia, szal, fury
(Polish)
FURIE, fury
(Romanian)
mania, fury
(Greek)
egërsi,
tërbim, furi,
vrull,
xhindosje,
fury [n]
(Albanian)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Phthiotis
(Greek)
well [<OE
waella],
fountain [<Lat.
fons, fontis],
source, origin
Script
N254, Q899;
phonta, phunta
(ΦVNTA),
Script R339;
phonte, phunte
(ΦVNTE),
Script N31,
R394, R554;
Phontia,
Phuntia
(ΦVNTIA),
Script R359
bar [m], anger, fury,
adversity, greed
cynddaredd [f],
madness, rage,
fury; ellylles-au [f]
(Welsh)
furia [f] (Italian)
furie [f] (French)
fury?
phor, phur
(ΦVR),
Script Z489;
phorie, phurie
(ΦVRIE),
Script N11
x
warm, warmed
photum (ΦVTVM)
x
x
Phthiotis?
Phthia,
principal city of
Achaea?
Phto (ΦTV),
Script R413,
R459, R644
Phtab
(ΦTA8),
Script R554
pious, devout,
dutiful, godly,
piety
pi, Script R61
pia , Script L1,
L-11
piata, Script
XG-1
pite, Script
Q763, XC-3
piti, Script
TC338
fontanus-a-um;
fons, fontis [m],
a spring,
fountain, source
ffynhonnel -au [f],
fount, source,
fountain; ffynnonau
[f], fountain, well
spring (Welsh)
tobar [m] (Scott)
fonte [f] (Italian)
fonte [f] (French)
furia-ae [f]
foveo, fovere,
fovi, fotumt to
warm, keep
warm, caress;
particle, fotus
sveti (Serbo
Croatian)
pobozny, pious
(Polish)
sviaty (Belarus)
PIETATE, piety
(Romanian)
agios (Greek)
fetar, fanatik
(Albanian)
pius-a-um,
piety;
pietas-atis [f],
dutiful conduct,
piety
duwiol [m], godly,
pious, devout
(Welsh)
diadhaidh, naomh,
adj. holy, saintly
(Scott)
pio, pious; pieta [f]
compassion;
devoto,
adj. (Italian)
pieux, pious; pitié,
[f] pity, mercy
(French)
arai, to pray
(Hittite)
blogoslawic,
bless (Polish)
evlogo, bless
(Greek)
bekoj, uroj
lumturi, to
bless
(Albanian)
beo-are, to
bless, make
happy
bendithio, to bless
(Welsh)
benedire, consacrare
(Italian)
bénir (French)
to bless [<OE
bletsian], piety
[<Lat pietas]
dolabra, pickax
caib (ceibiau) [f],
pickaxe, mattock;
ceibio, to pick with
a
pickaxe, dig
(Welsh)
piccone [m]
(Italian)
pic [m] (French)
pickax, peak
puNyaM
dahma [-]
spênishta [-],
most holy,
most
beneficent
(Avestan)
parhizkâr,
dindâr,
adj., pious
(Persian)
namasy,
namasyati, to
do homage,
worship, bless;
pI (pi), payate
(pIpeti), swell,
be
exuberant,
overflow, fill,
bless
barekat dâdan,
yastan,
bâlestan,
to bless
(Persian)
zailakUTa, peak
of a mountain;
zikhara, adj.,
[m], peak, top,
summit; kakabh
[f], peak, region,
quarter
nok, setiq,
adj.,
peak; sar
zadan, to
peak; kolang
x
[n], pick;
cidan,
kandan, pâk
kardan, to pick
(Persian)
syllego,
dialego,
pick; koryfi,
peak (Greek)
kazmë, pickax
[n] (Albanian)
x
x
x
x
Page 22 of 25
paelex [peliex] - x
icis
pilus-i, m. a
single hair, a
trifle; pilus-i, m.
a division of the
triarii in the
Roman army
pelo, m. hair; fur,
hairbreadth; peloso,
adj. hairy (It.);
pelage, m. pelt,
coat; wool, fur;
skinning, pealing
(French)
mistress,
concubine
pies, Script
Z1292:
pikun
(PIKVN)
Script Z1386
pileka, Script AC-11
pilus (PILVS)
Script TC-71
pina, Script
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.1.html
10/8/2011
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European c...
baaNaH [m],
shara
ashtem
(Avestan)
Tir, tir,
peykân
[n], arrow
(Persian)
strela (Serbo
Croatian)
strzala, strzalka,
(Polish)
strala [f.]
(Belarus)
strele (Baltic
Sudovian)
belos (Greek)
shigjetë
(Albanian)
pinna-ae [f].
feather, a
feathered arrow,
wing,
battlement
saeth-au [f], arrow,
dart (Welsh)
saighead [f] (Scott)
bir (Breton)
freccia [f] (Italian)
flèche [f] (French)
arrow, dart
N357,
N363, N738;
pinab
(PINA8),
Script
N638, N670;
pinas, Script
Z95, Z1397;
pine, Script
Z122;
pines, Script
Z92;
pini, Script
TC71;
pinie, Script
N294
paint, to draw,
embroider,
stain,
adorn
pinca, Script
J35
pincim, Script
Z1080
("im" suffix
suggests noun,
acc. sing.)
name, Phthia,
Piphas?
piphas
(PIΦAS),
Script N63
pyre
pir, Script
N123,
N381, Q107,
Q335, L71
pire, Script
Z781, R34
piri, Script
Q406, Q908
aGgarAga [m],
paint, ointment,
perfume
(applied to the
body); varti [f],
a pad or
bandage on a
wound,
wick, paint,
ointment;
varNay, -yati (t), to paint,
colour, dye,
picture, tell,
relate; likh,
likhati (-te),
scratch,
furrow, slit,
draw a line,
sketch, paint
farba, malowac,
rang [n], paint;
szminka, paint
rang zadan,
(Polish)
kasidan, to
PICTA, he/se
paint
painted
(Persian)
(Romanian)
mpogia,
chroma,
chromatizo,
zografizo, paint
pingo, pingere,
(Greek)
pinxi, pictum
lyej, bojatis,
pikturoj, to
paint
(Albanian)
lliwio, to color,
paint, dye; coluro,
to color, paint,
conceal; peintio, to
paint; arlliwio, to
color, tint, paint;
arlunio, to draw,
paint, portray
(Welsh)
dipingere, to paint
(Italian)
peindre, to paint
(French)
x
x
Phthia, chief
city of Achaea
x
x
x
chitaa, funeral
pyre; paavakaH
(fire) vanhiH,
vahni
âtar [-], fire
(Avestan)
älou, flame
(Persian)
ar, fire; alav,
flame
(Kurdish)
or, fire
(Pushtu)
vatra,
po"zar (Serbo
Croatian)
stos, pyre;
grzejnik, ogien,
ognia! piecyk,
plonac, pozar,
strzelac,
strzelanie, wylac
z pracy, zapalic,
fire, (Polish)
panu, fire
(BalticSudovian)
PIR, couch grass
(Romanian)
fotia, pyrkagia,
pyrobolo
(Greek)
pyra-ae
zjarr, fuge, ethe
(Albanian)
coelcerth-i [f],
bonfire, blaze,
beacon, pyre
cynnau angladdol,
pyre (Welsh)
aingeal, fire; las, va.
kindle, set fire to,
light, get into a
passion; lasair, [f]
flame, flash of fire;
teine [m], fire
(Scott)
tan (Breton)
pira [f] pyre, funeral
pile (Italian)
feu, incendie [m];
flamme, ardeur [f]
fire (French)
por, puwar, fire
(Tocharian)
pahwar, fire
(Hittite)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Pisa, town
Pisi, Script
R21,
R78
dare, donare, to
give, pietas-atis
[f] dutiful
conduct,
devotion, piety
dodi, to put, place,
lay, give; rhoi,
(rhoddi), to give,
bestow, yield,
confer,
grant, put, ascribe
(Welsh)
toir, thoir, va. irr.
bring, take, give
(Scott)
pieta [f] pity, mercy,
piety; dare, to give
(Italian)
pitié [f]
compassion;
piété [f] piety;
donner, to give
to give [<OE
giefan]
piety
pite, Script
Q763;
piti, Script
TC338
dAvane
baxsheñti
[baxsh]
para-baraiti
[para-bar], to
carry, to give,
to bear
(Avestan)
dâdan,
baxsidan, to
give;
parhizgâri,
dindâri [n],
dawac, gave,
podawac, give
(Polish)
davac, v. imp.,
dac, v. perf,
give; padavac,
v. imp., padac,
v. perf., to
give, serve
(Belarus)
datune, padatun
(Baltic-
dino (Greek)
jap, dorëzoj
(Albanian)
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piety (Persian)
x
x
Sudovian)
x
Page 24 of 25
(French)
bi, da, (Lydian)
da, pai, pija, peja
(Hittite)
da, pije, pibije
(Lycian)
gajde, bagpipe
(Albanian)
piabilis-e, able
to be atoned for
piva [f] bagpipe
(Italian)
cornemuse [f]
bagpipe
(French)
unknown word,
possibly
piabilis-e
piviato
(PI8IATV)
Script N149
Notes:
(1) The word, NAS, may refer to a corpse, the deceased, rather than birth. In Avestan (Avesta, Vendidad,
Fargard 3) we have the word, Nasu, which can mean "the corpse-demon" or the corpse (nasai). The Etruscans
would have had some ritual concerning the deceased, that the corpse or ashes can defile and that there was a
corpse demon (probably Charon, Tuchulcha or both). It is a custom of the Jews, as listed in the Bible, that the
corpse was defiled and must be buried outside the city the next day (before sundown). A rite – observed from
the Koran – maintains a similar tradition among Moslems. Even today one can obtain some significance with
regard to the ritual evidenced in the Moslem graveyard placed directly before the Golden Gate to the Temple
Mount in Jerusalem. The gate was sealed by Sulliman II during the Crusades and a Moslem cemetery placed
in front of it. People are prevented by the Moslem keepers of the Temple Mount from approaching that sealed
gate. In Jerusalem in 1985 I asked a Moslem, "Why is it sealed and why are the graves in front of it?" I was
told that the gate is sealed to prevent the Jewish Messiah from entering the mount; the graves are there since
it is also believed by the Moslem clerics that no Jewish Messiah would walk through a Moslem graveyard. I,
myself, found that one could walk up to the wrought iron grating in front of the Golden Gate, and I asked the
dead to move aside so that a path through the gate could be opened, but no one heard me. David was right,
that the corpse, turned to dust, cannot praise God (Psalm 30.9), and no doubt that even when the Messiah
goes through the gate the dead won't hear him. I commented on this problem of the Golden Gate in my works
Maravot_Homepage_2.html and Acceptable_Day_of_the_Lord.html.
3.14. Let no man alone by himself (19) carry a corpse (20). If a man alone by himself carry a corpse, the Nasu (21)
rushes upon him, to defile him, from the nose of the dead, from the eye, from the tongue, from the jaws, from the
sexual organs, from the hinder parts. This Druj Nasu falls upon him, [stains him] even to the end of the nails, and he
is unclean, thenceforth, for ever and ever.
Translator's notes: (http://www.avesta.org/vendidad/vd3sbe.htm)
19. No ceremony in general can be performed by one man alone. Two Mobeds are wanted to perform
the Vendidad service, two priests for the Barashnum, two persons for the Sag-did (Anquetil, II, 584 n.)
It is never good that the faithful should be alone, as the fiend is always lurking about, ready to take
advantage of any moment of inattention. If the faithful be alone, there is no one to make up for any
negligence and to prevent mischief arising from it. Never is the danger greater than in the present case,
when the fiend is close at hand, and in direct contact with the faithful.
20. A corpse from which the Nasu has not been expelled by the Sag-did ceremony (described Vd8.1422).
21. The word Nasu has two meanings: it means either the corpse (nasai), or the corpse-demon (the Druj
Nasu, that is to say the demon who takes possession of the dead body and makes his presence felt by the
decomposition of the body and infection).
The burial ceremony of the Etruscans may have been similar to that of the Avesta. In the beginning of the Vendidad the holiest
places on earth are described, in which case the holiest is where the priest makes his sacrements. In comparing the below scene to
that which we see in Etruscan murals, we have a wand, the offering of the contents of a bowl, and the augur. Associated with this
activity is the sharing of the bowl between those celebrated in the banquet of the tomb and an egg. See Etruscan_Murals.html.
1.0 O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the first place where the Earth (1) feels most happy?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is the place whereon one of the faithful steps forward, O Spitama Zarathushtra! with the
log in his hand (2), the Baresma (3) in his hand, the milk (4) in his hand, the mortar (5) in his hand, lifting up his voice
in good accord with religion, and beseeching Mithra (6), the lord of the rolling country-side, and Rama Hvastra (7).'
Translator's notes: (http://www.avesta.org/vendidad/vd3sbe.htm)
1. 'The Genius of the Earth' (Comm.)
2. The wood for the fire altar.
3. The Baresma (now called barsom) is a bundle of sacred twigs which the priest holds in his hand while
reciting the prayers. (See Vd19.18 seq. and notes.)
4. The so-called jîv or jîvâm, one of the elements of the Haoma sacrifice.
5. The Havana [hawan] or mortar used in crushing the Haoma or Hom.
6. Mithra, the Persian Apollo, sometimes like him identified with the Sun, is invoked here as making the
earth fertile. 'Why do not you worship the Sun? King Yazdgard asked the Christians. Is he not the god
who lights up with his rays all the world, and through whose warmth the food of men and cattle grows
ripe?' (Elisaeus.)
7. The god that gives food its savour: he is an acolyte to Mithra.
(2) The descent or abduction into hell or Underworld is a common theme covered in the story of Persephone, and in modified terms
by the Queen of Heaven in Egypt, Isis, or the goddess of Canaan, Anat. See Hittite_Treaties1.html for texts on these relationships.
(3) NAKIM, NAKUS, NAKUA -This word represents an interesting declension of "born" where the "im" suffix suggests Latin
"em" accusative, singular; "us" suffix would be nominative singular, and the "a" suffix would be accusative pl. neuter, making this
group Latin 3rd Declension.
(4) Thanks to Constantin Cucu for his contributions on the Romanian language.
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ERRATA:
(1) Jan. 29, 2005 – NATV changed to NATVR based on higher resolution image from
http://vcg.isti.cnr.it/projects/miscellanea/cortona/cortona_images/
(1) Jan. 29, 2005 – IRI: LVS changed to PILVS based on http://vcg.isti.cnr.it image
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Launched 1.09.04
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Copyright © 1981-2011 Maravot. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 1981-2011 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.
Use of the information on this page is expressly forbidden for purposes of publication in any media without the prior written consent of the
author
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Indo-European Table with Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin, Tocharian, Anatolian, Gaelic, Latin, Italian, French & Etruscan
08.20.19 Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE):
Etruscan_Phrases
Indo-European Table 1, Part 7
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Etruscan_Phrases
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Table 1 Index
(Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table 1)
Table 1, Section 1C: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.
Sanskrit
Avestan, Persian,
Georgian, Hurrian,
Akkadian
Slavic, Baltic, Romanian,
Finnish-Uralic
Greek, Armenian*,
Albanian, Basque
Latin
khvsh,
delighted,
pleased, khvshhal,
pleased,
xosnud kardan,
xosâyand kardan, to
please; pasand
âmadan, movâfeqat
kardan, sâxtâr sodan,
to agree (Persian)
, gtkhovt, to
please (Georgian)
arhati, please,
pr ti or
pr ayati, to
please, delight, to
please, gladden,
rejoice, delight in,
wish to please or
propitiate; daks,
daksati, -te, to
satisfy, please, be
able or strong;
chad & chand,
chantti, chandati,
chadayati (te), to
seem, appear,
please
pic-, glad, to rejoice,
pi u=še, pleasure,
pi u-š , pleasure, joy
(Urartian)
pi -, pleased, glad, to
rejoice, an-, to be
pleased (Hurrian)
gam lu, to please,
save, to spare, to
come to an
agreement, ma ru,
to please, correspond
in size, be in
agreement, be equal,
to pray to a deity,
etc., na šu, to be
pleasing, in good
health, prosper, to be
rich, napardû, to
become pleased,
joyous, cheerful,
cheer up, cheerful, to
become Illuminated,
,
dahadzi , to please (Belarusian)
zadovoljiti, to please (Croatian),
prosze, to please
(Polish)
l gt, to please (Latvian) l gt
a multumi, to please, PLAC,
please, I am pleased (Romanian)
miellyttää, to please (FinnishUralic)
English
Etruscan
le do thoil, to please
(Irish)
gu thoil, to please
(Scott)
i blesio, plesio, to
please; boddio, to
please, satisfy, gratify,
humor;
(Welsh)
placere, to please
(Italian)
plaire, to please
(French)
€•‚€ , gia na
efcharistísei, to please,
prosfero, I offer,
(Greek)
•ƒ „…†‡ˆ‰, to khndrem, to
please (Armenian)
për të kënaqur, Ju lutem, to
please, pëlqej like
(Albanian)
other
placeo-ere-ui and
itus, um, itum
ciñcär (adj.) [B
cäñcare, ciñcare],
pleasant, lovely,
delightful (Tocharian)
to please, be
agreeable
plak, Script Q351
7-1
mesedez, laket izan, to
please (Basque)
tuskruant, glad,
happy,
tali, pleasant,
tallies, talies, to be
pleasant, sanezziahh,
sanetsiah, pleasant, to
make pleasant,
ssanezzies, anetsies,
to become pleasant,
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bright, brighten,
illuminate, to make to
make clear, explicit,
bu, to please, to
make pleasing, good,
sound, sweet, satisfy,
to heal, make healthy,
to improve, prepare,
sweet, to refine, to
make happy, to
repair, tar u,
pleasing, to be
honest, proper, to
manage, etc.,
(Akkadian)
sanetsisanitsi,
pleasant, tasty,
outstanding, excellent,
first-class, fragrant
(Hittite)
árasán, flat (Irish)
flat, flat (Scott)
fflat, adj., flat (Welsh)
plano, adj. flat, piatto,
flat (Italian)
plat, adj. (French)
paxt, hamvâr, adj.,
flat; hamvâr, jolge,
flat, sâf, ‹ Œ flat
(Persian)
samaŠ, plain,
level, carpaTa,
adj., flat;
prastIrNa, adj.,
spread, extended,
flat
bina, flat
(Georgian)
mmud, odate, be
glad or merry,
rejoice, agree to,
approve of,
applaud, permit;
man, manyate, -ti,
manute, to think,
believe, esteem,
honour, approve
s dhuk ra,
exclamation well
done, applause;
s dhudhvani, the
âfarin goftan,
sotudan, kaf zadan,
˜™› œ• applaud, clap,
[n]e'tesâb,
zadan, barxord
kardan, sâyidan, to
strike (Persian)
,
mivesalmebit, to
applaud (Georgian)
labnu, flat, shallow
(Akkadian)
kar tu, to strike, to
cut off, break off,
•Ž ••‘ , kvatera, flat (Belarusian)
ravan, flat (Croatian)
plaski, plasko, flat (Polish)
plakans, flat (Latvian) aplatiza,
flatten, PLAN(u),
flat-u was used for old Romanian
(Romanian)
tasainen, flat (Finnish-Uralic)
žŸ ¡•
¢ Ÿƒ£ , pliaska u
daloni, to applaud (Belarusian)
plakati, to applaud (Croatian)
bi brawo, to applaud, clap, to clap
(Polish)
aplaud¤t, to applaud (Latvian)
aplauda, to applaud (Romanian)
taputtaa, to applalud (FinnishUralic)
’ “” €“ , diamérisma,
flat, epipedos,
diamerisma, flat
(Greek)
•…–—–‡–…, bnakaran, flat
(Armenian
i sheshtë, flat,
rrafshët, flat, adj.
(Albanian)
¥ ¦ ƒ•‚€ƒ , na
epikrotísoun, cheirokroto,
applaud (Greek)
§–¨–©–‡ˆª, tsap«aharel,
to applaud (Armenian)
për të duartrokitur, to
applaud aprovoj, applaud
(Albanian)
plhamn, flat, spread
out (Luvian)
planus-a-um, even,
flat
plaudo [plodo]
plaudere, plausi,
plausum
istalk, flatten, to level,
plha, flatten, to spread
out, salnu, flatten, to
flat [<ON flatr]
melt down a wax
figure (Hittite)
7-2
a mhealladh, to
applaud (Irish)
a 'moladh, to applaud
(Scott)
to strike, bet,
i gymeradwyo, to
applaud,
applaud, to approve,
recommend, commend, 7-3
curo dwylo, to clap,
applaud (Welsh)
applaudire, to applaud
(Italian)
plano (PLANV)
Script N87
planes, Script
N469, N505
plato (PLATV)
Script N139
plotin, plutin
(PLVTIN),
Script Z1265
(verb, 3rd pers.
pl)
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applaudir, to
applaudto applaud
(French)
maq tu, to strike
sound of applause down, overpower, to
fall down, etc,
(Akkadian)
ko ta, to strike
(Tocharian)
walhesr/walhesn, to
strike a blow
(Hittite)issent
abundant in,
garbhi ,
pregnant, bharita,
adj., filled, full of;
ApIta, adj.,
turgid, swelled,
full, p r a, full,
roditi, weep,
½ocati, mourn
por, ¬- anbâste, abriz;
âbestan, adj.pregnant;
bârdâr, ®¯™® °,
pregnant, expecting,
basand, pâyân yâfte,
adj. anjâm dâdan, to
be complete; xosnudi,
satisfaction
(Persian)
_akka, full
(Yagnobian);
d.ak, full (Pushtu)
, sruli, full,
, orsuli,
pregnant (Georgian)
gamru, finished,
settled, terminated,
whole, complete,
kalu, whole, entirety,
all, gimirtu, whole,
totality, armie«s main
force, erû, pregnant,
to be pregnant, to
conceive, to
impregnate, er tu,
pregnant woman or
animal, šutak ubu,
to reach fullness, full
strength, tagmirtu,
completion, fullness
(Akkadian)
´ ‘£ ,
žƒ±£², po³ny, full,
ciaµarnaja, pregnant (Belarusian)
puni, full, trudna, pregnant
(Croatian)
peøny, full, w ci¶·y, pregnant
(Polish)
pilna, full, gr tniece, pregnant
(Latvian)
deplin, PLIN, full, gravid¸,
pregnant (Romanian)
koko, full, Raskaana, pregnant
(Finnish-Uralic)
“¹•ƒº, gemátos, full,
pliris, full, ” ¦ ƒº, énkyos,
pregnant (Greek)
ª», li, full, ©¼», hghi,
pregnant (Armenian)
plenus-a-um
i plotë, full, shtatzënë,
pregnant (Albanian)
Ÿ ¡ , halasi , weep,
ÁžŸ •Ž , aplakva , mourn
(Belarusian)
plakati, weep, tugovati, mourn
(Croatian)
pøaka , weep, opøakiwa , mourn
(Polish)
raud t, weep, s¤rot, mourn
dam mu, to mourn, (Latvian)
d mtu, weeping, tear, plânge, weep, PLÂNG, I mourn, I
cry, jeli, mourn (Romanian)
lallaru, mourner,
itkeä, weep, surra, mourn
wailer, an su,
(Finnish-Uralic)
weeping , d mtu,
weeping, tear,
šaggum tu, wailing,
roaring, urub tu,
weeping, wailing
(Akkadian)
¦Ã ÄÅ, klaío, weep,
Æ Ç È, thrinó, mourn
(Greek)
É–Ê, lats«, weep, ËÌÍΉ,
sgum, mourn (Armenian)
qaj, weep, vajtoj, mourn
(Albanian)
pluo, pluere
negarrez, weeping, dolua,
mourn, deitoratu, to mourn
(Basque)
,
b laŠ, boy,
kani Ïha, young
akhalgazrda bich«i,
young boy
(Georgian)
arš , young people,
children (Urartian)
ajaru, young man,
eÏlu, young man,
man, lillidu, young,
mature young of
animals, offspring of
Ó Ÿ ² ÔŸƒžÕ²•, malady
chlopÖyk, young boy (Belarusian)
Mladi djeÖak, young boy
(Croatian)
møody chøopiec, young boy
(Polish)
jauns z¤ns, young boy (Latvian)
b¸iat, young boy (Romanian)
nuori poika, young boy (FinnishUralic)
caorach, weep, brón,
mourn (Irish)
gràin, weep, caoidh,
mourn (Scott)
gwenwch, weep, galar,
mourn (Welsh)
plangere, piangere,
weep, mourn (Italian)
pleurer, faire le deuil,
mourn (French)
weep [<OE
w¤pan] over,
mourn [<OE
murnan]
plio (PLIV),
Script K45
7-5
ª–Ê
pluadla, festival crier,
pluae, cry out, to
shout for joy,
ishahruue/a, to weep,
wiwa/wiwi uai/ui,
oeske/oieske/oiske/a
to cry (Hittite)
ýûnãm [ýavan],
youth, young man
Avestan)
javâni Ðѯ Ò youth
(Persian)
suaru, full (Palaic)
full [<OE full], full
of, pregnant
plenas, Script
R-8, R107
7-4
suus, so, sosoau,
soaru, full, sunatsiant,
to fill to the brim,
suwai, to fill,
anku/nku, fully,
armae, rmae, rmuant,
to be pregnant, rmah,
to make pregnant, to
become pregnant
(Hittite)
oso, beta, full, haurdun,
pregnant (Basque)
gerye kardan, ¾¿¬À
˜™¬• to weep, cry
(Persian)
, t«irili, cry,
to weep,
,
glova, mourn
(Georgian)
iomlán, full, ag iompar
clainne, pregnant
(Irish)
làn, full, trom,
pregnant (Scott)
llawn, full, beichiog,
pregnant (Welsh)
pleno, pieno, full,
incinta, pregno,
pregnant (Italian)
plein, full, Enceinte,
pregnant (French)
ó ó , nearó agóri,
young boy (Greek)
ׇ»Ø–Ë–‡† ؼ–,
Yeritasard tgha, young boy
(Armenian)
puellus-i, a little
djalë i ri, young boy
boy,
(Albanian)
iuvenis, young
buachaill óg, young
boy (Irish)
balach òg, young boy
(Scott)
bachgen ifanc, young
boy (Welsh)
giovane ragazzo,
young boy (Italian)
jeune garçon, young
boy (French)
polesi, pulesi
young boy / cherub (PVLESI), MS21
little boy [<ME
boi] or young
[<OE geong] boy?
7-6
polesi, pulesi
(PVLESI) Script
TC179, TC213,
maiantes, young man,
to become a young
man, to become young
again,
maiantadr/maiantan,
young adulthood,
youth, youthful vigor
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humans and flocks,
m ru, young,
offspring, offspring
of an animal,
descendant, son, son
(used as a form of
address, atmu,
young, small animal,
fledgling, young
man, lakû, young,
suckling, infant,
suckling child,
kal mu, young, the
young of an animal,
male lamb
(Akkadian)
vivAda, quarrel,
contest, dispute,
debate; vad,
vadati, -te, to
speak, raise the
voice, sing,
sound, discuss,
dispute or quarrel
about; sImAvAda,
dispute over
boundaries,
vic raŠ,
discussion,
ra apriya, warlike
jarrobahs kardan, to
argue, bahs kardan,
goftogu kardan,
peykâr kardan;
bahs, uskâr,
bahs kardan, to
dispute; (Persian)
,
controversy,
,
argument«i,
argument,
,
dava, dispute,
,
boch«k«ovani,
bellicose,
, omi, war
(Georgian)
alûtu, dispute, to
hold a disputation,
gerû, to make war, to
quarrel, to start a
lawsuit, to be hostile,
to open up hostilities,
dapniš, dapp nu,
warlike manner,
warlike, ru, to go
to war (Akkadian)
(Hittite)
ž ŸÙÓ • , paliemika, controversy,
‘ ¢ÓÙ£•, arhumient, argument,
¡ž‘•Õ• , spreÖka, dispute,
Ž ±£ Õ², vaja³niÖy, warlike,
Ž Ú£ , vajna, war (Belarusian)
polemika, controversy, argument,
diskusija, argument, discussion,
rasprava, dispute, ratoboran,
warlike, rat, war (Croatian)
spor, controversy, argument
argument, plea, spiera siÛ,
dispute, wojowniczy, warlike,
polemiczny, polemic, wojna, war
(Polish)
str di, controversy, arguments,
argument, str ds, dispute,
kareiv gs, warlike, karš, war
(Latvian)
controvers¸, controversy,
argument, argument, reason,
disputa, dispute, belicos, warlike
POLEMICÜ, polemic, dispute,
paper war, r¸zboi, war (Romanian)
kiista, controversy, Perustelu,
argument, riita, dispute, sotaisa,
warlike, sota, war (FinnishUralic)
“Ý €Þ‚•Ç€Ç, amfisvítisi,
controversy,
’ ÝÅ Ä , diafonía,
argument, ’Ç“ó€
€ ß‚•Ç€Ç, dimósia syzítisi
debate, ¥ƒÃ “ ¦‚,
polemikí, argumentative,
warlike, ¥ƒÃ “ƒ ‚º,
polemocharís, warlike,
¥óà “ƒº, pólemos, war
(Greek)
©–—–ËÍÎåæÍÎ……ˆ‡,
hakasut«yunner,
controversy, ¨–ËØ–‡—,
p«astark, argument, èˆê,
vech, dispute,
ì–؈‡–—–…,
paterazmakan, warlike,
ì–؈‡–î‰ï, paterazmy,
war (Armenian)
polemikë, controversy,
argument, argument?
diskutim, dispute, luftarak,
warlike, debat, debate,
controversy, luftë, war
(Albanian)
conspóid, controversy,
díospóid, dispute,
argóint, argument,
cogaidh, warlike,
cogadh, war (Irish)
connspaid,
controversy, deasbad,
dispute, argamaid,
argument, cogadh,
warlike, cogadh, war
(Scott)
dadi-euon-au,
controversy, argument,
debate, anghydfod,
dispute, rhyfeddol,
warlike, Rhyfel, war
(Welsh)
polemica, controversia,
controversy,
discussione, argument,
debate, bellicoso,
argument,
warlike, guerra, war
discussion, debate
(Italian)
[<OFr. debattre]
controversy [<Lat.
controversiae-arum;
polémique,
controversus-a
arguo uere-ui-utum,
controverse,
um], polemic; war
to put in a clear
controversy, argument, [<ONFr. werre, of
light, declare,
argument, débat,
Gmc. origin],
prove,
debate, guerrier,
dispute [<Lat.
bellicus, warlike
warlike, guerre, war
disputare, to
(French)
examine]
polomk
(PVLVMiK),
Script Au68,
POLOMiKU
(PVLVMiKF)
Au99
7-7
kuña½, fight, conflict,
©–—–ËÍÎåæÍÎ……ˆ‡
kläðk- [B kläðk-],
contest, fight, doubt
(Tocharian)
kururiiahh, to wage
war, kororiah, wage
war, hostility,
tsahai/tsahi, war,
battle (Hittite)
m ôsa, flesh,
meat, also said of
flesh, pulp of
fruit, k maŠ,
carnality, majj ,
pulp, asthi, bone
asta [ast-], bone
(Avestan)
gusht, õ À flesh,
meat, ˜¯ ö÷ù¯
ostokhân, bone
(Persian)
, khortsi,
flesh,
,
tseluloza, pulp,
, dzvali, bone
(Georgian)
'uzi, meat (Hurrian)
akurratu, a cut of
meat used in
sacrafices,
e emtu, bone, frame
of the body, a
žŸƒ , plo , flesh, ž¢Ÿ ž , puúpa,
pulp, •ƒ¡•• , kostka, bone
(Belarusian)
meso, flesh, pulpa, pulp, kost,
bone (Croatian)
m kstums, flesh, pulp, kauls, bone
(Latvian)
carne, flesh, pulp¸, pulp, os, bone
os (Romanian)
liha, flesh, massa, pulp, luu, bone
(Finnish-Uralic)
€¹ ¦ , sárka, flesh,
¥ƒÃ•óº, poltós, pulp, mash,
ğۀ , ousia, essence,
substance, ƒ€•ó, ostó, bone
(Greek)
‰–‡‰»…ï, marminy, flesh,
þˆªæÍΪÍî, TS«elyuloz,
pulp, Í˗͇, voskor, bone
(Armenian)
mish, flesh, tul, pulp,
kockë, bone (Albanian)
marminy
pulpa-ae, flesh,
pulp,
caro-carnis, flesh,
steak, meat
os-ossis, bone
feoil, meat, laíon, pulp,
cnámh, bone (Irish)
feòil, flesh, bualadh,
pulp, cnàimh, bone
(Scott) cnawd
cnawd, flesh,
mwydion, pulp,
asgwrn, bone (Welsh)
carne, flesh, polpa,
pulp, flesh, osso, bone
(Italian)
la chair, pulpe, pulp,
mash, os, bone
(French)
flesh, pulp,
pulpe (PVLPE)
Script R22, R79
7-8
bone(s)«, y (n.masc.)
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[B y] bone(s)
(Tocharian)
measure,
lipištu, fleshy or
membranous
substance, a plant,
offspring (Akkadian)
x
m šu, twin, the
constellation Gemini,
a star, a measure
(Akkadian)
prku(i), hastai, meat,
body part or pure cut
of meat, ÿpure bone,!
has, bone (Hittite)
x
"ƒÃ ’ #¦Çº, Polude$k¤s
and %¹€•Å , Castor, the
Gemini Twins (Dioscouri)
Castor and Pollux
x
Pollux, brother of
Helen of Troy, one
of the Dioscuri
Poltucei
(PVLTVCEI)
Script DA-3
7-9
+ambaraŠ,
ostentation,
pomp, khural >
k rayati, parade
of troops,
jaitrayAtrA,
triumphal
procession;
yAtrotsava,
festive procession;
khal rik , a
parade, place for
military exercise
x
kShip, kShipaami,
I put, vaste, to put
on dress, datt ,
put to or
betrothed to,
s cayati, to
suggest
reze, reze raftan, to
parade (Persian)
, aghlumi,
parade (Georgian)
mašda u,
processional road,
procession
(Akkadian)
x
gozâstan, |÷ ¯}À
gozârdan, nahâdan,
to put (Persian)
raketin, to put,
(Kurdish)
, dadeba, to
put,
,
moatavset, to place,
,
p«ozireba, to pose
(Georgian)
na~~-, place, to set,
sit down (Hurrian)
kânu, to place,
assign a person to a
position, to last, to be
secure, to place an
object correctly,
kar ru, to place, to
put an object in
place, to set, to set
up, to lay a
foundation, to throw,
cast, etc. (Akkadian)
ž ‘ , parad, parade, ÔŽ Ÿ @ ,
chvaúba, ostentation (Belarusian)
parada, parade, šepurenje,
ostentation (Croatian)
parada, parade, ostentacja,
ostentation (Polish)
par de, parade, izr d šana,
ostentation (Latvian)
parad¸, parade, ostentaXie,
ostentation (Romanian)
paraati, parade, mahtailu,
ostentation (Finnish-Uralic)
x
ž ¡• Ž , pastavi , to put,
ÓÙ¡ , da miesca, to place,
ž‘ ¡• ±Ÿ ,
pradsta³lia , to pose (Belarusian)
pakladac, v. imp., paklasci, v.
perf.; klasci, v. imp. laeint, to
place; statinet, to set, det, to place
(Belarus)
staviti, to put, na mjesto, to place,
pozirati, to pose (Croatian)
poøo·y , to put, do miejsca, to
place, klasc, place, pozowa , to
pose (Polish)
ielikt, to put, novietot, to place,
poz¤t, to pose (Latvian)
a pune, to put, PUNE, he/she put,
A plasa, to place, a prezenta, to
pose (Romanian)
laittaa, to put, sijoittaa, to place,
poseerata, to pose (FinnishUralic)
¥ ”à €Ç, parélasi, parade
kamno, parade, ¥Ä’ \Ç,
epídeixi, ostentation
(Greek)
^`ˆ‡åï, shk«ert«y, parade,
ÊÍÎÊ–†‡ÍÎåæÍÎ…,
ts«uts«adrut«yun,
ostentation (Armenian)
paradë, parade, salltanet,
ostentation (Albanian)
pompa-ae, a
solemn procession,
retinue, parade
paráid, parade (Irish)
caismeachd, parade,
sgaoileadh, ostentation
(Scott)
gorymdaith, parade,
rhwysg, sway, pompe,
fling (Welsh)
parata, parade, pompa,
pomp; eria, suffix,
{place where made{
(Italian)
parade, parade,
pompe, pomp (French)
name, Pomperias?
pomp? parade
[<Lat. paro-are, to
prepare]?
Pomperias
(PVMPERIAS),
Script Q10
7-10
niasha, procession
(Hittite)
x
Pompeius or
Pompeius- a-um,
name of Roman
gens;
Pompeii-orum
town
pono, ponere,
posui, positum
[postum], to lay,
put, place, set, to
Þ ÃÅ, na valo, to put,
put in place, settle,
€•ƒ •ó¥ƒ, ston tópo, to
to put aside, lay
place, Æ”€ , na thései,
down, discard, to
to pose (Greek)
lay to rest, lay out
†…ˆª, dnel, to put,
for burial, milit. to
؈¼–†‡ˆªÍÎ ©–‰–‡,
post, station, of
teghadrelu hamar, to place, money, etc., to
†‡ËˆÎ͇ˆªÍÎ ©–‰–‡,
store, deosit; to put
drsevorelu hamar, to pose, (food) on table, to
(Armenian)
serve, to found, set
te vendosesh, to put, në
up buildings, set up
vend të, to place, te pozosh, laws, establish,
ordain, appoint,
to pose (Albanian)
reprepresent,
picture, to reckon
count, regrd, assert,
cite
name, Pompeius,
x
7-11
Cuir, to put, le háit, to
place, $dar, to pose
(Irish)
a chuir, to put, gu àite,
to place, suidheachadh,
to pose (Scott)
i rhoi, to put, i osod, to
place, yn peri, to pose,
dodi, to put, place, lay,
give; gosod, to put,
place, set, lay, fix,
mount, locate, affix,
attach, let, appoint,
assign; rhoi (rhoddi),
to
give, bestow, yield,
confer, grant, impart,
put, ascribe (Welsh)
mettere, to put,
piazzare, to place,
posare, porre, vt.:
pongo, poni, pone, to
put, place, supppose
(Italian)
mettre, to put, poser,
pose, to put (French)
klu( )- to publish,
make clear
(Tocharian)
ciciciti, cetu, zazati, he
puts, Ta, Tuwe, to put,
place, pddat, place,
(Lycian)
pidata, pidatant, place,
tuwe, to place, tu(wa),
place, to erect
(Luvian)
Pompoi
(PVMPVI),
Script TC90 (2nd
decl. nom. pl?)
pone (PVNE),
Script N-1,
N100, N112,
N123, N160,
N206, N341,
N553, Q127,
Q152, Q202,
Q209, Q893,
R56, R278,
to put [•ME
R370, R542,
putten], place
R619
[<Gk. plateia
pones (PVNES),
(hodos), broad
Script Q209,
(street)], set [<OE Q906,
settan], lay
R633
[<OE lecgan], pose poni (PVNI),
Script
[<Lat. pono,
N21, N63, N216,
ponere, posui,
N280, N333,
positum]
N444,
7-12
N483, N522,
N582,
N624, N660,
N725,
Q74, Q194,
Q273,
Q311, R278,
R314,
R325, R394,
R437,
R447
kikki, te, to put, dai/ti,
tiie/a, d i-, tiya-> to
put, place, lay, tiie/a,
tie/a, place onself, to go
stand, to step, to set in,
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titnu, to put, install, to
seat, pedasah, to
place, install, deposit,
peda, place, location,
position, locality,
sarkuue/a, to put on
footware (Hittite)
dh mala, smokecolored, purple,
n lalohita, purple
banafs, arqavâni,
adj, purple
(Persian)
,
mets«amuli, purple
(Georgian)
illû, purple wool or a
second quality
(Akkadian)
, fijalietavy, purple
(Belarusian)
purpurna boja, (boja, color) purple
(Croatian)
purpura, purpurowy,
purple (Polish)
purpurs, purple (Latvian)
Violet, purple (Romanian)
violetti, purple (Finnish-Uralic)
, mov, purple,
porphura, a
shellfish yielding a purple
dye (Greek)
, karmrel, purple
(Armenian)
vjollcë, purple,
(Albanian)
, most, bridge (Belarusian)
most, bridge (Croatian)
most, bridge (Polish)
tilts, bridge (Latvian)
PUNTE, footbridge, pod, bridge
(Romanian)
silta, bridge (Finnish-Uralic)
, géfyra, bridge
(Greek)
€ •‚, kamurjy, bridge
(Armenian)
deti i zi [geog.],
Black Sea; det, sea, urë,
bridge (Albanian)
puniceus-a-um,
purple, red; Punicus
[Poeni-orum] pl.
the Carthaginians;
Punicus,
Poeniceus-a-um,
Punic, Carthaginian
corcra, purple (Irish)
purpaidh, purple
(Scott)
glasgoch, porffor, adj.
purple (Welsh)
porpora, purple
(Italian)
pourpre, purple
(French)
Carthaginians?
purple [<Gk.
pophura]?
ponig (PVNIb),
Script N160
7-13
pol, bridge
(Persian)
, khidi, bridge
(Georgian)
setu , stone
bridge,
gisru, bridge,
floating bridge toll
(payable for the
passage of a boat
through a floating
bridge), gišru, in rab
gišri, bridge official,
official in charge of a
bridge (Akkadian)
Pontus-i,
pons, pontis, bridge
brahma, priest;
purodhas,
appointed priest,
house-priest of a
king
uru u, abriqqu,
edamû, maqalt nu,
kumru, lagarru,
lumakku, u û, a
priest, šangûtu, high
priest, to be a high
priest, išipp tu,
priest, craft of a
purification priest,
šešgallu, a priest,
elder brother, pašišu,
a priest (lit. anointed
one), (Akkadian)
the Pontus? Black
Sea?; bridge
7-14
pontis (PVNTIS),
Script Q286,
Q320
armizziie/a, bridge, to
bridge over (Hittite)
zaota [zaotar], priest
(Avestan)
kâhen, ƒ„…†, priest,
kesis, ‡ˆ‰†
shepherd, divine,
cleric ‡ˆ‰† mobad,
priest (Persian)
,
mghvdeli,
priest (Georgian)
droichead, bridge
(Irish)
drochaid, bridge
(Scott)
bont, bridge (Welsh)
ponte, bridge (Italian)
pont, bridge (French)
Š
‹, sviatar, priest
(Belarusian)
sveŒenik, priest (Croatian)
kapøan, ksiadz, priest (Polish)
preot, popa, priest
(Romanian)
pappi, priest (Finnish-Uralic)
• •Ž•, papás, iereas*,
priest (Greek)
• ‘ ’ , k“ahana, priest
(Armenian)
klerik, prift, priest
(Albanian)
apaiz, priest (Basque)
popa-ae, minor
priest,
sacerdos-otis,
priest, priestess
sagart, priest (Irish)
sagart, priest (Scott)
offeiriad, priest,
clergyman, clergy,
presbyter (Welsh)
prete, priest (Italian)
prêtre, priest (French)
sopi(e)sra, priestess,
purified woman,
priestess, divine
mother, siuntsana,
siuantsana, (ana,
mother) sopi/sopai,
sacred, purified
(Hittite)
priest [<Gk.
presbuteros,
elder], junior
priest; cleric
[<Lat. clericus;
<Gk. klerikos, of
inheritance]
7-15
pop (PVP),
Script Q460,
Q776,
Q737, Q745,
Q754,
Q837, R13, R72
*Note: See
Atiiereas (Atis
the priest?); See
also:
APA, TA-1
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dah'yunãm [dah'yu]
country, people
(Avestan)
mardom, ™š›œ xisân,
bastegân, people;
mellat, kesvar,
pâdarm, nation,
nežâd, š•Ÿ race
(Persian)
, khalkhi,
people,
, rasis,
race (Georgian)
lok” , people,
praj” , people in
general, jana,
creature, man,
person, tribe, race,
nation;
janasam•ha ,
crowd of people,
kajci, trigarta,
coda, pandya,
pulinda, of a
people; ,
janapada, a
community,
people, nation;
r”–—ra, nation,
janasa˜marda ,
crowd, men
pressed together
without order,
throng of people,
crowd,
'-s(u)wa, human
being, man (Urartian)
am lu, human being
(in contrast to gods
and animals),
am l tu, human
being, somebody,
anybody, mankind,
the human species,
people, mu’irtu,
people, population,
subjects, ammu,
people? etebranni,
ammu, people,
ibru, tribe, clan,
liš nu, nationality,
technical language,
special language or
dialect, tongue of a
flame, blade of a
weapon, etc., niš ,
people, human
beings, mankind,
workmen, soldiers,
inhabitants,
population, subjects,
etc., bu, people,
population, group of
people, army, troop
of soldiers,
contingent of
workers, etc.,
ten štu, people,
population,
personnel, mankind,
ten šu, mankind,
people, niš tu,
people, relatives,
family, uqu, army,
people, (Akkadian)
avi-, near, towards,
by, upa (adv)
upa-(pref.), towards,
by, near, on, upon, in,
into (Avestan)
a˜salá, next,
para , following, digar, sepas, âyande,
next, Pra, forword adj.,sepas, adv., next
(Persian)
, shemdegi,
next,
, ts“in,
forward (Georgian)
¡¢£ , liudzi, ¤ ‹ ¢, narod,
people, ¥ ¤¦ , honki, race,
§
¦, ¨alaviek, man
(Belarusian)
narod, people, rasa, race, ¨ovjek,
man (Croatian)
ludzie, people, narod, nation,
people, land, rasa, race,
m©ªczyzna, man (Polish)
cilv«ki, people, man, rase, race
(Latvian)
oameni, people, om, man, popor,
POPORUL, people, nation, folk,
cet¬-eni, lumea, persoane, people,
ras¬, race (Romanian)
ihmiset, people, rotu, race, breed,
mies, man (Finnish-Uralic)
¤ »¼¤ , nastupny, next,
¤ ¼ ‹ ¢, napierad,
forward¤ ¼ ‹ ¢ (Belarusian)
SljedeŒi, next, naprijed, forward
(Croatian)
Kolejny, next, nastepnie,
nastepny, next, then, postepowy,
progressive, przedni, front,
przeslac, Naprzód, forward
(Polish)
N”kamais, next, uz priek½u,
forward (Latvian)
Urm¬tor- next, redirec-iona,
forward (Romanian)
Seuraava, next, eteenpäin, forward
(Finnish-Uralic)
®¯° • ±, Anthropoi,
people, man, kosmos
² ó•, laos, people,
commonality, throng,
people, ethnos, nation,
³¯ •, agónas, race,
Ž¯´ •, ándras, man
(Greek)
µ ¶ · € ¸, Zhoghovurd,
people, ¹ º , rrasa, race,
¸, mard, man
(Armenian)
njerëz, popull, banorë,
people, kombësi,
nationality, gjinde, folk,
familje, family, populloj, to
populate, racë, race, njeri,
man (Albanian
populus-i,
gen-s-tis, clan,
extended family,
stock, tribe, nation,
people, country,
folk, race, species,
breed, offspring,
natio-onis, tribe,
race, breed, class,
homo-inis, human
being, man, people
daoine, people, cine,
race, fear, man (Irish)
daoine, people, reis,
race, fear, man (Scott)
pobl (pobol) -oedd,
people, folk, folks,
people, gwerin-oed,
men, people, folk,
peasantry, populace,
democracy, crew, hil,
race, dyn, man (Welsh)
popolo, persone,
people, razza, race,
uomo, man, nazione,
nation (Italian)
gens, peuple,
personnes, people,
populo, populace, raz,
race, homme, man,
nation, nation (French)
kalutiie/a, group, to
treat as a group,
udniant, people,
population,
udniant, people,
population,
ndohs/nduahas,
antuwahhas, human
being, person (Hittite)
jende, people, folk,
populazio, population,
gizadiaren, gizatasun,
mankind, nazioaren, nazio,
nation (Basque)
¾•ó ¿¯ , Epómeno, next,
À Á¿ÂÕ, Prosechís, next,
forthcoming, come,
À²ÄÁ± ÁÅ¿ •,
Plisiésteros, nearest, next,
immediate, • • Å
¿ • ó•, pros ta emprós,
ulturior, ulturius,
forward, to the front,
further; deinceps,
onward
deinde, postea,
adv., next,
(Greek)
‘ • ¸‚, hajordy, next,
pro, prosus,
¹ •, arraj, forward
prosum, forward
(Armenian)
tjetër, next, para, përpara,
forward, pranë, near,
vijues, the following
(Albanian)
an chéad cheann eile,
next, ar aghaidh,
forward (Irish)
an ath rud, next, air
adhart, forward (Scott)
nesaf, cyfnesaf, next,
nearest; cyfnesaf-iaid
cyfneseifiaid, next of
kin, kinsman; agos(nesed, nes, nesaf), adj.
near, approximate,
close, imminent,
proximate, ymlaen,
forward (Welsh)
Fra, forward (Gothic)
Il prossimo, next, in
poi, on, forward
(Italian)
prochain, next, autre,
additionnel, vers
l'avant, forward, avant,
front, forward
(French)
popla (POPvLA),
Script XA-22
popolo
(PVPvLV),
Script N11, N41,
N404
popolom
(PVPvLVM),
Script N100
folk [<OE
folc], state [<Lat.
status-us,
condition], race
[<Fr. generation],
nation, [<Lat.
natio], human,
human being, gent
man, people,
[<Lat. populus],
denizens, [LLat.
deintus, from
within]
7-16
See also RAS,
VP19, Z843,
RASIIA, BR-2,
RASNA, Z158,
TC41, TC216,
PO-7, RASNE,
K24, K112,
K124, RASNES,
K116
NASIA, nation?
Script VF-5
NATI, NATIM,
Script, XU-1
NATINE, Script
Q247, R565
NATEN, Script
J2-8
NATER, Script
PQ-7
NATERAN,
XB-19
NATOR
(NATVR), Script
R161, TC71,
J35-2
forward, [<OE
foreweard]
next [<OE
neahst]?
(probably purify,
see PVR,
Indo-European
Table, Part 6
NETI, PVR)
por (PVR), Script
ZB-1, Z834;
N294, G30
7-17
pra, forward,
furthermore,
moreover,
additionally, still, then,
after that (Hittie)
dv”ram, gate,
door, gopura,
town-gate,
gate; puradvara,
duvar°i, portico,
colonade (Avestan)
darvâze, ÆÇ•ÈÉš gate
‹
, varoty, gate,
¢£ ‹ , dzviery, door (Belarusian)
vrata, gate, door (Croatian)
•Ê²Ä, pýli, gate, °Ê ,
thýra, door, •ó Å , porta,
door, gate (Greek)
Ë Ì º, darpas, gate,
porta-ae, gate, door
geata, gate, doras, door
(Irish)
geata, gate, doras,
gate [<OE geat],
door[<OE duru],
port, [<Lat. portus,
porta (PVRTA),
Script N194,
N670
porti (PVRTI),
Script N700,
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8 of 31
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door, portair, a porter,
ferryman, gatekeeper
(Scott)
gat (gatiau), gate;
iet-au-iau, gate; llidiart
(llidiardau) gate; porth
(pyrth), gate, gateway,
door, portal, port,
porch, lobby (Welsh)
cancello, gate, porta,
door (Italian)
port, gate, door, grille,
gate, door (French)
(Persian)
¸ €¹‚, durry, door
(Armenian)
portë, gate, derë, door
(Albanian)
, k“aribch“e,
gate,
, k“ari,
door (Georgian)
city gate, pátti-,
portico
awÍ, ajÍ, front, face
(Hurrian)
appatu, in bit app”ti,
portico, abullu, gate,
city gate, entrance
gate, rabi abulli,
gate official, zuntu, a
type of door
(Akkadian)
samartha, able,
competent, Ðakya, nefez, ÑÒÓ influence,
possible, Ðakti ,
gozârdan, vânemud
ability, power
kardan, to pose;
amâvandi, niru, tavân,
power (Persian)
,
shesadzlebeli, to be
able,
,
shesadzlebelia,
possilbe,
,
unari, ability
(Georgian)
l ’û, able, capable,
skilled, to be lost,
powerless, ma û,
able, to be able, to be
equal, to take
responsibility, to
amount to,etc.,
ma tu, possible,
available (Akkadian)
prach, pracchati
(te), to ask,
question, inquire,
entreat,
invoke, y”cate, to
ask, demand,
Vas, to wish, to
want, to strive
after, æД, hope,
expectation,
prazna, question,
demand, inquiry,
task, controversy,
lesson; da, dadati,
datte, dadati, -te
(dati, dadmi), to
give, grant,
bestow, impart,
surrender,
demand
Vas, to wish, want
(Avestan)
porsidan, to ask,
niyâyes kardan,çè…ìÉ…†
î…ï… namâz kardan,
to ask, darxâst [n],
darxâst kardan, to
demand (Persian)
, tkhovna, to
ask,
,
motkhovna, to
demand (Georgian)
brama, gate, drzwi, door (Polish)
vartai, door;
dvaris, gate (Baltic-Sudovian)
v”rti, gate, durvis, door (Latvian)
POARTA, gate, door; PORÎI,
door, uϬ, door, entrance, gate
(Romanian)
portti, gate, ovi, door (FinnishUralic)
ate, door, goal, atea,
burdin langa, gate,
(Basque)
town with a
harbor]
7-18
katera katalutsi,
door-step, threshhold,
N738, Q899,
R278, R294,
R653
porti, (PVRTI)
N678, N708,
N738, Q899,
R134, R278,
R298,
porto (PVRTV),
Script Q7, Q95,
Q162, Q263,
Q512, Q543,
Q671, Q692,
Q795, Q806,
Q821, R128,
R437, R499
aska, gateway
(Hittite)
Ô ÕÖ »
¤ , byŒ u stanie, to be
able, ¥×
¥§
, heta
mah¨yma, possible, £¢ Ö¤ ÕÖ,
zdoØnasŒ, ability (Belarusian)
biti u moguŒnosti, to be able,
moguŒe, possible, sposobnost,
ability (Croatian)
byŒ w stanie, to be able, moªliwy,
possible, umiej©tnoÐŒ, ability,
poza, pose (Polish)
b•t sp«jÙgam, to be able,
iesp«jams, possible, sp«ja, ability
(Latvian) a fi capabil, to be able,
posibil, possible, abilitate, ability
(Romanian)
pystyä, to be able, mahdollinen,
possible, kyky, ability (FinnishUralic)
¼
ÕÖ, spytaŒ, to ask,
¼ ‹ Ô ÕÖ, patrabavaŒ, to
demand (Belarusian)
pitati, to ask, zahtijevati, to
demand (Croatian)
zapytaŒ, to ask, domagac sie, to
½ar- demand, desire,
•r-, ur-, desire, want demand (Polish)
vakaut, to ask, (Baltic
(Hurrian)
Sudovian)
jaut”t, to ask, pieprasÙt, to demand
(Latvian)
a ðntreba, to ask, s¬ solicite, to
er šu, to ask, to
request, crave, desire, demand (Romanian)
kysyä, to ask, vaatia, to demand
to be desired,
required, š lu, to ask, (Finnish-Uralic)
iterrogate, inquire,
call to account, etc.,
šepû, to ask, to
interrogate, u u u,
to ask, question,
interrogate,
investigate carefully
(Akkadian)
¯ ¿ÚÁ ± Á¿ ° ÁÄ, na eísai
se thési, to be able,
´ ¯ Åó¯, dynatón, possible,
±Û ¯óÅÄÅ , ikanótita,
ability, stasi, pose,
(Greek)
Ü
¶ Ý Þ’ , Karogh e
linel, to be able,
‘’
· Ý, hnaravor e,
possible,
¶ €ßà €’,
karoghut“yun, ability
(Armenian)
te jesh i afte, to be able, i
mundshëm, possible, aftësi,
ability (Albanian)
¯
ÅÃÁ , na rotíso, to
ask, •
Û ²³,
parakalo, ask, please, beg,
• ±Å³, apaitó, to demand
(Greek)
ñ ò’ , ô’¸ ,
Harts“nel, khndrel, to ask,
Ì ‘ ’• , pahanjel, to
demand (Armenian)
te pyesesh, to ask, pozoj,
pozë, pose, pozicion,
position, për të kërkuar, to
demand (Albanian)
possum, posse,
potui, to be able,
one may, one can,
to avail, have
influence
potens-entis,
powerful
habilis-e, easily
managed, handy
posco, poscere,
poposci, to ask,
etc.;
proco-are, to ask,
demand; procer
eris, a chief, noble
a bheith in ann, to be
able, féidir, possible,
cumas, ability, (Irish)
a bhith comasach, to be
able, comasach,
possible, comas, ability
(Scott)
i allu, to be able,
bosibl, possible, gallu,
ability, medru, you can
(Welsh)
essere in grado, to be
able, possibile,
possible, capacitå,
ability, posa, posture
posare , to pose
(Italian)
pour être en mesure, to
be able, possible,
possible, aptitude,
ability, poser, to put,
set, lay, rest, ask, pose;
pose, putting, pose,
(French)
to be able, have
influence, to put,
to lay, avail, pose,
possible, capable,
{<LLat. capabilis]
ability [<OFr.
habilite < Lat.
habilis]
7-19
Fiafraigh, to ask, a
éileamh, to demand
(Irish)
a dh'fhaighneachd, to
ask, a dh 'iarraidh, to
demand (Scott)
i ofyn, gofyn-, to ask,
erchi (arch-, eirch), to
ask, pray, command,
demand, bid, enjoin, to
ask, request, inquire,
demand, require
(Welsh)
chiedere, richiedere,
domandare, to ask
(Italian)
demander, to ask
poser, to put,
set, ask [question],
(French)
to demand
[<Lat.
demando-are, to
entrust,
commit]
arija, to ask,
7-20
wewakk->w k-,
wekk->uewakk,
wewak, demand, ask,
wish, to desire,
pos (PVS) Script
R619, R530,
XK-2
posa (PVSA)
XM-4
pose (PVSE),
Script N349,
Q74,
R248
to ask [<OE
ascian] earnestly
request, call
upon, demand,
position [<Lat.
positivus,
formally laid
down]
posc (PVSC),
Script N505,
N563,
N638
prok (PRVK)
Script AN-5
proco (PRVCV),
Script Z1080
prokis
(PRVKIS),
Z272
(see prec below)
waluske/a, to ask of a
diety, pray to, punuss,
pnus, to ask, ask a
question, consult,
investigate (Hittite)
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pir, ›ˆ old, kohan,
old, adj. nesimangâh,
poste sar, prep.,
behind (Persian)
, uk“an, behind,
back,
,
khandazmuli, older
(Georgian)
anu, behind,
võddha , old,
põ–—hata , behind,
at the back of,
jyesthavayas, adj.,
older than; bhas,
older than, light,
brightness.
d”t, behind, after,
arki½, behind,
backward, afterward,
arka, arki, behind,
afterward, to the rear,
kutallu, behind, rear
part of objects, nape
of the neck, later
time, ullu, distance,
past, old time
(Akkadian)
£ , za, behind,
‹×ö÷ ,
starej½y, older, ¤ £ ¢, nazad, back
(Belarusian)
iza, behind, stariji, older, leda,
back (Croatian)
za, behind, starsze, older, plecy,
back (Polish)
aiz muguras, behind, vec”ki,
older, atpakaù, back (Latvian)
in spate, behind, mai batran,
older, ðnapoi, back (Romanian)
takana, behind, vanhemmat,
older, takaisin, back (FinnishUralic)
•ÚÁ , píso, behind, back,
À ² ±óÅ¿ , Palaióter,
older, behind, Â Ú •,
archaíos, ancient, Ž Â ¯,
archon, leader (Greek)
‘ ú € € , hetevum,
behind, û· Þ ‘Þ’, Aveli
hin, older, ú, yet, back
(Armenian)
mbrapa, behind, më të
vjetër, older, më të
vjetërmë të, vjetërprapa,
back (Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.html
taobh thiar de, behind,
níos sine, older, ar ais,
back (Irish)
air cül, behind, nas
sine, older, air ais, back
(Scott)
y tu þl, behind, henach,
older, yn þl, back, rear,
behind, posterior;
hiliogaeth, offspring,
issue, posterity,
progeny (Welsh)
dietro a, behind, piü
vecchio, older,
indietro, back, posteri,
posterity; posteriore,
posterior, behind, back;
postare, (Italian)
derriÿre, behind, plus
âgée, arriÿre, back,
post [older
poste], adv. behind, postérieur, posterior,
subsequent, behind,
in the rear; of
later, back, behind, rear older [<OE eald],
time: later; prep.
(French)
behind [<OE
with, acc.: behind;
bihindan], next,
of time, after; in
later [<OE laetra],
rank, etc. next after; jar”mara˜, [B
jar”mara˜] old age,
postea, thereafter,
posterity, to post,
death (Tocharian)
afterwards, next;
probably, next
posterus [poster]-aepre/i, iskis, back,
7-21
am, next, future,
ppa, apa, apan,
following; posterior
behind, afterwards,
-us, next, later;
again, apananta,
inferior, worse
backmost, hindmost,
witspant/wetspant,
old, grown old,
miyahwanz, old,
miiahunte,
mehuuandahh,
/miiahuuantahh,
mehuantah,
miahuantah,
miahunte, old, to be
old, to make old, to
age, miiahuntes,
miahuntes, to become
an old man, mehuant,
old, elderly, annalli-,
old, previous, anala/i,
former, anisan,
anats, formerly, old,
post (PVST),
Script
N112, N349,
N363,
Q183, Q754,
R447
poste (PVSTE)
Script N647
posti (PVSTI)
Script R97,
R129, R141,
R154
poster (PVSTER)
Script N404
See also
ARCAS, Script
AJ-17, VG-11,
ARCE, N53,
Q117, Q521,
Q683, R499,
AJ21, ARCEI,
Q114, ARCES,
N32, N293,
N320, N341,
N500, N529,
N562, N607,
N640, R278,
ARCIA, N21,
N53, N280,
N476, N522,
N666, R370,
R457, ARCIO
(ARCIV),
ARCIS, N63,
N674,
ARCAMEN,
Q331 .
ŠU-GI, old,
MUNUS.ŠU.GI, old
woman (Hittite)
pibati, p”nam,
p”nÙyam, to drink,
pAnIya,
drinkable, drink,
beverage, esp.
water, paripAna,
drink, beverage;
pAnta, drink,
beverage;
pitha, drink or
protection; pitu,
drink,
nourishment,
food, prapANa,
watering-place or
a drink;
9 of 31
è!ˆ"Ò , nu½idan, to
drink (Persian)
, daleva, to
drink,
,
sasmeli, drink,
drinking (Georgian)
¼ ÕÖ,
vypiŒ, to drink, ¼ ÕÖ, piŒ, drink
(Belarusian)
piti, to drink, piŒe, drink
(Croatian)
piŒ, to drink, drank, (Polish)
pot, to drink (Baltic
Sudovian)
dzert, to drink, drink (Latvian)
tarm-, to drink
(Hurrian)
mašq tu, drink, a
feature on the liver,
potion, watering
place, irrigation
outlet, maštû, drink,
a bea, to drink, b¬utur¬, drink
(Romanian)juoda
juoda, to drink, drink (FinnishUralic)a beadzert,
¯ •Ú¯ , na pínoun, to
drink, • Åó, potó, pino,
drink (Greek)
ô , khmel, to drink,
drink, pi, drink, pi pue
[alkoolike]
(Albanian)
poto-potare-potavi
potatum
a ól, to drink (Irish)
gus #l, to drink (Scott)
i yfed, to drink,
diod-ydd, drink,
beverage; yfed (yf), to
drink, imbibe, absorb
(Welsh)
bere, to drink (Italian)
boire, to drink
(French)
to drink [<OE
drincan], imbibe
[<Lat. imbibere]
7-22
ekw, akw, ekuzi,
eku/aku, eku/gu, gu,
to drink, gudla, drink,
container of water,
pot (PVT), Script
Z1319;
pote (PVTE,
Script
Z84, Z211, Z214,
Z308, Z953,
Z117
Z1319, Z1797,
Z1813
POTeS (PVTeS),
Script Z1607
gudra, drinker,
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toaster,
egw, gw- , hu, drink,
ninikesr, to drink
one“s fill, to get drunk,
ninknu, to drink, sop,
soak, to make the
ground drink, to get
drunk (Hittite)
a drinking vessel,
drink ration
(Akkadian)
duine fásta, adult
(Irish)
inbheach, adult (Scott)
oedolyn (oedolion),
adult (Welsh)
adulto, adult (Italian)
adulte, adult (French)
¢ ¢ ‹
&,
bâleq, sâlmand,
dlia daroslych, adult (Belarusian)
bornâ, adult, (Persian) odrasla osoba, adult (Croatian)
dorosøy, adult
(Polish)
,
zrdasruli, adult
(Georgian)
pieaugu½ais, adult (Latvian)
adult, adult, b¬rbat adult, adult
e lut, adult, to
male (Romanian)
pr”ptavyavah”ra , become mature
aikuinen, adult (Finnish(Akkadian)
adult
Uralic)pieaugu½ais(Latvian)
pravRddha,
prauDha, adj.,
grown up, adult
poga$%a, not full
grown or adult,
between 5-16
years,
pis az, • ‡ˆ before,
ahead, in front,
previous,
qabi, @Y before,
former, front,
previous (Persian)
agram, in front,
before, ahead of;
agratas, in front,
before, in the
beginning,
puras, before, in
front of, p•rva,
previous, former,
preceding,
atikr”nta ,
preceding,
foregoing
10 of 31
, adre, before,
, ts“ina, previous
(Georgian)
-kai, -ka, ka(i)-, in
front, in front of
(Urartian)
lapani, prep., before,
by, from, in front of,
on account of, l ma,
prep., conj., before,
lab ru, previous,
former, rancid, stale,
aged, old, etc.,
pan tu , previous,
prior time, earlier,
front part, hamutta,
šurrâm, previously,
promptly, tar u,
before, opposite,
toward, at the time
¿¯Ã²±Û •, enílikas, adult
(Greek)
+ ‘ º ,
metsahasak, adult
(Armenian)
i rritur, adult,
(Albanian)
¼ ‹ ¢
, pierad tym, before,
¼ ¼ ‹×¢¤ , papiaredni, previous
(Belarusian)
prije, before, prija½nji,
earlier(Croatian)
przed, before, poprzedni, previous
(Polish)
pirms tam, before, iepriek½«j”,
previous (Latvian)
inainte de, before, PRE, before,
• ±¯, prin, • Å Ê,
proto\, before,
• Ä Ê ¿¯ •,
proigo\menos, previous,
preceding, former (Greek)
’ ô• ’, nakhk“an,
before, ’ ô ¸, nakhord,
previous, preceding, prior
(Armeninan)
para, before, përpara, më
ðn frunte, ahead, before, anterior, parë, më përpara, adv.
before, i mëparshëm,
previous (Romanian)
ennen, before, Edellinen, previous previous (Albanian)
(Finnish-Uralic)
aurretik, before, aurreko,
previous (Basque)
o=k (n.masc.) [B
e=kwe] adult male
(Tocharian)
pubes and
puber-eris,
puberes-um, the
men, male adults
maiant, adult, young
man, maiantadr
adult [<Lat.
adolesco
olescere -olevi, to
grow up] puberty?
/maiantan, young
7-23
adulthood, youth,
youthful vigor,
maiantes, young man,
to become a young
man, become young
again (Hittite)
roimh, before, roimhe
seo, previous (Irish)
roimhe, before,
previous (Scott)
o'r blaen, before, anad,
cyn, gerbron, o flaen,
rhag, prep. before,
prae, adv. pro, prep. blaenorol, previous
with abl., before, in (Welsh)
front of, for, on
devante, prep.before,
behalf of, like, as
prima, prep., adv.
good as; prefix,
before, precedente,
pro, forth, forward; previous (Italian)
prorsus
avant, devant, before,
[prosus]-a-um;
précédent-e, previous
poreta-ae and
(French)
proreus i, a
look-out man
before [<OE
beforan], in front
[<Lat. frons,
front-],
7-24
pove, puve
(PV8E),
Script N341
pre, Script
N435, N469,
Q162, R31, R92,
L65;
See also:
ant, Script N391;
anta, Script
R363, R664
anapär, anaprä, before,
in the face of, anapr”–,
before, ”pt”, before,
earlier, early
(Tocharian)
paran, parani, before,
in front of, Ruwan,
formerly (Luvian)
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peran, before, in front
of, in presence of,
kar , before,
previously, kru,
formerly, earlier,
kruili/kruli, former,
earlier, ancient,
kruiliat, former state,
PANI, before, under,
prian, front, beyond,
over, across, over to,
across to, in
opposition to, in
front, anala/i, former,
anisan, anats,
formerly, old
hantsa, in front of,
of, in accordance
with, in consideration
of, ull nu, before,
without, far from,
earlier than, ullû,
previous, former,
faraway, yonder, over
there, (Akkadian)
x
x
(Hittite)
x
x
Alia-ae, river in
Latium, 11 miles
north of Rome.
x
Preale, unknown
name, possibly pre
Alia
7-25
pares [-]
jaidhya`tâi [jad]
peresanguha [pares],
beg (Avestan)
xâhes kardan,
gedâyi kardan, to beg;
è…ìÉ…† |É•š, doa
kardan, to pray
(Persian)
} Ô‹ ÕÖ, žabravaŒ, to beg,
ÕÕ , malicca, to pray
(Belarusian)
raicca, v.imp.
consult, ask
prach, prcchati
, ik“itkho, to (Belarus)
moliti, to beg, pray, reŒi, to tell,
(-te), ask, enquire beg,
,
say, (Croatian)
salotsavad, to pray
praarth.h, to
moliti, to beg, pray,
(Georgian)
demand, ask,
preklinjati
bhik–ate, to beg,
entreat; prositi, beg (SerbotavÙti or stauti, to lab nu, beg, to beg
humbly, to exhibit
pray to a diety,
Croatian)
utmost
humility
(in
stava , stotram, to
bøagaŒ, to beg, modliŒ si©, to pray
gestures),
to
act
pray, ”y”cita,
(Polish)
humbly, to pray
prayer; ”Ðis,
prasit, to request;
contritely,
en
nu,
asking for, prayer,
pray, to pray, ask for aiskat; madlit, to
wish, asking,
mercy, kar bu pray, pray, preivaket,
rach.h, to form
to pray to the gods, to to call, summon
dedicate an offering, (Baltic-Sudovian)
praise, ullû, to pray, l•gties, to beg, pray (Latvian)
šut muqu, to pray,
a implora, to beg, a se ruga, to
suplicate, ullû,
pray (Romanian)
tars tu, n ru, prayer,
šuillakku, prayer (lit. kerjätä, to beg, rukoilla, to pray
(Finnish-Uralic)
of raised hands),
kar bu, prayer,
blessing, qib tu,
promise, command,
order, report, prayer,
šigû, a type of
prayer, t m qu,
prayer, a
well-conceived
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¯ ¿• ±Å ʯ, na epaito\n,,
to beg, •
Û ²³,
parakalo, to please, beg,
pray, ask, urge (Greek)
¶ ~ , aghach“el, to beg,
¶ ß , aghot“el, to pray
(Armenian)
për të lypur, to beg, për t'u
lutur, to pray, pyes, ask
(Albanian)
otoitz egin, to pray,
erregutzea, to beg (Basque)
chun guí, to pray
(Irish)
a dh 'inntinn, to beg, gu
ürnaigh, to pray (Scott)
i beg, to beg, i wedd•o,
to pray, erchi (arch,
eirch), to ask, pray,
command, demand;
crefu, to crave, beg,
implore; deisyf, to
wish, beg (Welsh)
goulenn, to pray
(Breton)
chiedere l'elemosina, to
beg, prece, prayer;
pregare, to pray
(Italian)
å mendier, to beg,
precor-ari, to beg,
priÿre, prayer; prier, to
entreat, pray
pray, ask, raconter, to
priere, supplication, relate, narrate, tell,
recount (French)
prayer book, ritual
prak, pärk, prek, to
beg, pray, A. yark,
worship, B. yarke,
worship, rake, reki, to
speak, (Tocharian)
talliie, talie/a,
arkuuae, to pray,
waluske/a, to pray,
ask of a diety, rkuae,
to pray, plead,
rkuesr/rkuesn,
prayer, mogae, to
entreat, invoke, evoke
(Hittite)
PRE ALE,
probably, PRE
ALE Script DN-1
^before, from,
the Alia^ -e, Abl.
prec, Script
N533, N607,
N676
prek, Script L38
prece, Script
R294
precer, Script,
R96, R128
PRII (2nd decl.
pl?) Script ZB-1
to beg, [<ME
beggen], to pray
[<Lat. precor-ari,
to entreat], crave
[<OE crafian], to
ask, [<OE ”scian]
7-26
See posc above,
to ask
See also: 7-41,
RAC, Script,
Z192,
RACA, Script
Z697,
RAK, Script
Z263, Z336,
Z412, Z516,
Z582, Z806,
Z1048, Q335,
RAKaR, Script
Z156, Z164,
Z190, Z327,
Z405, Z969,
Z1013, Z1016,
Z1027, Z1846,
Z1869
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presentation of a
case, tesp tu , prayer,
petition, tesl tu,
prayer, request,
petition, t nintu,
t n nu, unn nu,
utn nu, prayer,
supplication, n šu,
prayer, lifting of
hands, raising look,
chosen person, etc.,
(Akkadian)
mukhabandha ,
preface,
mukhabandhe, to
preface
dibâce, foundation,
sarâqâz, âqâz, preface
(Persian)
,
ts“inasit“q“vaoba, to
preface (Georgian)
» ¼‹ ¢
,
u pradmovie, to preface
(Belarusian)
na predgovor, to preface
(Croatian)
przedmowa, to preface (Polish)
uz priek½v”rdu,
to preface (Latvian)
pentru a prefa a, to preface
(Romanian)
g g , na
proa á ei, to preface
(Greek)
,
nakhabany, to preface
(Armenian)
bëj një parathënie, to
preface (Albanian)
praefor-iari, fatus
esipuheeseen, to preface (FinnishUralic)
feshar dada, to press, ,
winepress
(Persian)
, dach’era,
press,
,
hvino, winepress
(Geor ian)
p ayati, to press,
squeeze, sava ,
wine
mazû,to squeeze, to
produce a liquid, to
rape, al u, squeeze
out, to press, to clean
by combin , al u,
pressed out (said of
sesame seeds)
obtained by ala u
(said of oil) etc.,
combed (said of
flax), abburu,
wine, a qualification
of wine, kar n l nu,
wine, a kind of vine
and the wine made of
its fruit, kar nu,
wine, rapevine,
rapes, (Akkadian)
, pres, press, €•‚ƒ„…,
davi†nia, winepress (Belarusian)
tisak, press, tijesak za rož‡e,
winepress (Croatian)
naciˆnij, press, prasa do wino ron,
winepress (Polish) PRESA, to
press, teasc, winepress (Romanian)
Lehdistö, press,
viinikuurnasta, winepress
(Finnish-Uralic)
‰Š V, týpos, press,
‹Œ•
‹Œ ŽŠ• • ,
piestírio stafýlion,
winepress (Greek)
‘ “”•–”•“, mamulum,
press, —˜ ”• “ “”•– ,
inu mamuly, winepress
(Armenian)
shtyp, press, shtrydhëse
rrushi, winepress
(Albanian)
viinikuurnastaviinikuurnasta “ “”•–”•“
réamhrá, to preface
(Irish)
airson ro-ràdhrha lithiau-oedd, prefa, to
preface (Scott)
i rwystro, to preface,
rha dreaeth-au,
preface, introduction
(Welsh)
prefazione, preface,
per prefazione, to
preface (Italian)
préfacer, en préface,
(French)
to preface, [<Lat.
praefatio] speak
before, to say
beforehand
prephto
(PRE TO),
Script N230
7-27
brúi h, press, firepress,
winepress (Irish)
brùth, press,
brùthbrùthprìs fìon,
winepress (Scott)
pwyswch, press,
winpress, winepress
(Welsh)
pressare, to press;
presse, press, torchio,
winepress (Italian)
presser, to press,
pressoir, winepress
press, wine press
presso-are, to press; (French)
premo, premere,
(See wine,
pressi, pressum, to GEŠTIN, wine,
Indo-European
winia, wian, of wine, Table, Part 4)
press, squeeze,
winiant, wine deified,
prelum, winepress
sai/si, uesuriie/a, to
7-28
press, wisurie/a, to
press to ether, to tie
up, to be difficult,
suffocate,
wesuriskdla, presser,
dasses, tases,
pressin , to become
pressin , heavy, to
become heavy
(Hittite)
presse (PReSSE),
MS20
hvino
âmâde, âmâde kardan, ™… › œ„•, ciapierašni Ÿas,
present,
¡ ¢,
to ready (Persian)
pad rukoj, at hand,
£ ¤ €¥, hatovy, ready (Belarusian)
rAti, adj. ready (to
predstaviti, present,
ive), race,
pri ruci, at hand,
favour; upasiddha,
, ats’mq’o,
spreman, ready (Croatian)
adj., prepared,
obecny, present,
present,
,
ready, sajja,
na døoni, at hand,
khelt, at hand,
prArtha, adj.,
otowy, ready (Polish)
, mzad aris,
ready to set out;
ready (Geor ian)
upaklRpna, adj.
kl t, present, pie rokas, at hand,
bein at hand,
atavs, ready (Latvian)
ready, prepared,
kl tkl t prezent, present, la mana,
at hand, ata, ready (Romanian)
ašbu, present, sittin , esittää, present,
tenant,
livin
in
a
haste, in hand
käsillä, at hand,
house, inhabitant of
valmis, ready (Finnish-Uralic)
town, ersû, ready
(said of objects and
people), well-trained
ó , parón, present, ‹Œ
¦§ , sto chéri, at hand,
§Œ ¨ V, étoimos,
prothymos,
efkolos, ready
(Greek)
©ª« , nerka, present,
¬©-®˜ , dzerrk’in, at
hand, ¯ °ª ±° ²,
patrast e, ready (Armenian)
i pranishëm, present, në
dorë, at hand, ati, ready
(Albanian)
praesto, adv.;
praesto-stare-stiti
stitutum
i láthair, present, ar
láimh, at hand, réidh,
ready (Irish)
an-diu h, present, ri
làimh, at hand, deiseil,
ready (Scott)
presennol, present,
wrth law, at hand
rhwydd, adj. easy,
facile, fluent, ready,
prosperous (Welsh)
presente, present,
prestarsi, to lend
oneself, pronto, ready,
adj. (Italian)
present, [<Lat.
praesens, pr. p. of
praeesse, to be
present] at hand,
ready [<OE
raede]; to stand
before, to be
outstandin
presta,
Script N294
7-29
présent, present, preste,
adj. nimble, a ile,
quick; préter, to lend,
ascribe, attribute,
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bestow; prêt, ready,
(French)
nanuntarit, present,
now, nanuntri(a), at
the present, nanuntrit,
the present (Luvian)
(said of a scribe),
finished (said of
cloth), ar u, ready,
to become ready,
adjust, to deduct, to
correspond, to
consider, to clarify,
make clear, incise, to
cut, to cut down, cut
off, to cut in deeply,
determine, to set, to
treat, to cut off,
ka ru, ready, to
make ready, make
ready for battle, to
fortify, to surround
(Akkadian)
ataeva, for this
very reason,
therefore, ata ,
consequently
ûitî [ûiti],
consequently
(Avestan)
, banâbarin,
therefore (Persian)
,
shesabamisad,
consequently,
, amit’om,
therefore (Georgian)
libbu, therein,
therefrom, etc.),
(prep., instead of,
like, belonging to,
from, in, among,
according to), parts
of the exta
(Akkadian)
kinuntriala
/kinontriala,
kinuntrial
/kinontrial,
presently, as of now
(Hittite)
x
,
takim ynam, consequently,
,
tamu, therefore (Belarusian)
stoga, consequently, therefore
(Croatian)
w konsekwencji, consequently, w
zwi zku z tym, therefore (Polish)
sekojoši, consequently, t p c,
therefore, (Latvian)
prin urmare, consequently,
therefore (Romanian)
siis, consequently, siksi, therefore
(Finnish-Uralic)
uwntly (C
V,
synepós, consequently,
V, epoménos,
therefore (Greek)
€•€‚ƒ„ƒ…,
hetevabar, consequently,
therefore (Armenian)
si pasojë, consequently,
prandaj, therefore
(Albanian)
shesabamisad
asne [asna], from
near (Avestan)
Œ•, kalia, near, Ž• • Œ‘ ,
pravi“ny, proper (Belarusian)
blizu, tik, pri, near, ispravan,
proper
ebbu, proper, pure
(religiously),
polished, shining,
lustrous, clean, holy,
trustworthy
(Akkadian)
dá bhrí sin,
consequently, therefore
(Irish)
mar sin, consequently,
therefore (Scott)
o ganlyniad,
consequently, felly,
therefore (Welsh)
conseguentemente,
consequently,
consequenza, quindi,
per questo, percio,
therefore (Italian)
donc, therefore, par
conséquent,
consequently (French)
therefore,
proitproita
consequently[<Lat. (PR†ITA) Script
consequi, to follow XA-28, XE-4
up]
7-30
kisan/kinisan, thus, as
follows, abinisan
(binisan?),
inisan/enisan
/eniesan, thus (Hittite)
avi-, near,
mânand, ‡ˆ‰Š ‹ adj.,
asannavartin, adj., nazdik, adv. near;
being near;
dorost, sâyeste,
antitas, adv., from proper, adj. (Persian)
near; anIti, leading
near, ucita ,
, akhlos, near,
expedient, proper
,
satanado, proper
(Georgian)
proinde and proin
(Croatian)
blisko, near,
wlasciwy, proper
(Polish)
net lu, near, pareizi, proper
(Latvian) APROAPE, near, next
to, propriu-zis, proper (Romanian)
lähellä, near,
asianmukainen, proper (FinnishUralic) asianmukainen
” •–, kontá, near,
——˜V, ellos, near,
adv. ”™•–››œ› V, katállilos,
proper, peripou, nearly
(Greek)
•ž•ƒŸƒ ¡ž‚•,
motakayk’um, near, •ž•,
mot, near, about, circa,
¢ƒ•£ƒ¤, patshach, proper
(Armenian)
pranë, near, by, nearby,
in aice, near, ceart,
proper (Irish)
faisg, near, ceart,
proper (Scot)
agos (agos-nesed, nes,
nesaf), near, close,
approximate,
imminent, yn iawn,
proper (Welsh)
vicino, near,
presso, near, by.prep.
proprio, one's own,
corretto, proper
prope, adv. & prep.; (Italian;
près, near, propre,
propius, proxime
neat, clean, proper
proprius-a-um,
ones' own, genuine, (French)
proper
near [<OE neah],
nearly; proper,
[<Lat. proprius]
prope (PR†PE),
Script Q908
7-31
afër, near, close by, nearby,
i duhur, proper (Albanian)
ks c, colse by, against,
k tse, near (Tocharian)
manninkuwanz,
mninku(a), near,
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mni(n)kuah, near, to
draw near, come near,
mninkuahi, nearby,
near, mni(n)kuant,
near, short, close,
mninkunu, near, to
bring near (Hittite)
chun dul amach, to
rush forth, a rith, to run
(Irish)
gus a dhol a-mach, to
rush forth, a ruith, to
run (Scott)
i fruthro allan, to rush
forth, i redeg, to run
(Welsh)
correre avanti, to rush
forth, run (Itaian)
se précipiter, to rush
forth, course, running,
competition,race,
courir, to run (French)
ajale ‡ˆ¦ § ajale
kardan, rush, hurry
(Persian)
,
gamoiktsevian
meotkhe, to rush
forth,
,
gaktseva, to run
(Georgian)
™ °±™ • ˜ , na
viastoúme, to rush forth,
•² ³ , trécho, to run
(Greek)
kut-, kud-, to fall
(Hurrian)
¨¨
Ž©• ª, kinucca
patati, to rush
napierad, to rush forth, ǩ ,
forth into a stream
bieh y, to run (Belarusian)
of arrows, vega , maq tu, to fall, to
da krenete naprijed, to rush forth,
to rush, ni¥patati, fall down, to fall to
to sally, rush
the ground, into a pit, tr ati, to run (Croatian)
p-dem naprzód, to rush forth,
to fall upon
biega®, to run (Polish)
something, to fall in
n kt prom, to rush forth, skriet, to
battle, to suffer a
downfall, to fall dead run (Latvian)
(said of cattle), to fall s¯ se gr¯beasc¯, to rush forth, a
(said of fire,
alerga, to run (Romanian)
lightning, snow, stars, kiirehtiä, to rush forth (Finnishsleep, seed), to fall
Uralic)
into somebody’s
hands, etc., ar u, to
rush against, attack,
âšu, to rush to a
goal, move quickly
n butu, ab tu, run
away, to flee,
dar ru, run off, to be
free, lak du, to run,
an nu, to run, flow,
las mu, to run fast,
serve as a runner,
lasmu, running, swift
(Akkadian)
gadyam, prose,
composition not
metrical yet
framed in
accordance with
harmony
ucchedanIya, to be
¸¹Š prose (Persian)
xŽ• º , proza,prose (Belarusian)
, p’roza, prose proza, prose (Croatian)
(Georgian)
proza, prose (Polish)
prozu, prose (Latvian)
proz¯, prose (Romanian)
proosa, prose (Finnish-Uralic)
« c • ª, kab cyt ad, to cut off,
´•ƒ¢€µ, shtapel, to rush
forth, ¶ƒ·€µ, vazel, to run
(Armenian)
proruo-ruere
rui rutum, to rush
forth, fall down,
curro-ere, cucurri,
cursum, to run, to
hasten, fly, run
through, traverse
për të nxituar, to rush
forth, me vrapu, to run
(Albanian)
[B kl y -], to fall
down,
kl lune, falling
(Tocharian)
rush forth, to fall
down [<OE rysc],
course, coursing,
to move swiftly
through or over,
traverse
prorse
(PR†RSE)
Script Z1250
ptai/pti, pitai, piti,
7-32
pattae, run, to race,
flee, fly, huw ->,
huuai/hui, huuae,
hoai/hoi, to run, hurry,
huhuia, to run, march,
hunu, huinu, to cause
to run, pupuli, to run
(Hittite)
™ °±™ • ˜
» —²™¼½™, pezografía,
prose, »óV ›ó— V, pezós
lógos, prose, nonfiction
(Greek)
, ardzak, prose
(Armenian)
prozë, prose
(Albanian)
prosa, oratio,
straightforward
discourse
prós, prose (Irish)
rosg, prose (Scott)
rhyddiaith, prose
(Welsh)
prosa, prose (Italian)
prose, prose (French)
prose [<Lat. prosa] pros (PR†S)
Script TC120
prose (PR†SE)
7-33
Script Q512,
R487
™
proseco-
a ghearradh amach, to
to cut [<ME
”ó • , apokópto, to
prosikuren
(PR†SIK†REN),
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cut off (Irish)
gus gearradh dheth, to
cut off (Scott)
i dorri i ffwrdd, to cut
off, lladd, to kill, slay,
slaughter, cut, trychu,
to cut, hew, pierce,
amputate, lop, dissect,
incise (Welsh)
tagliare, to cut off;
troncare, to cut
(Italian)
couper to cut; trancher
to slice (French)
kost, edge (Tocharian)
Fa-karsed , cut out
(Lydian)
thweresaiti [thwares],
to cut off, destroy
(Avestan)
bir_n, to cut
(Kurdish):
‡ˆ‰ Á boreidan, cut,
‡¦¸§  ÃÁ§ cidan,
zadan, to cut,
(Persian)
kuar/kur, to cut,
kurama,
kuratr/kuratn,
cutting, kurana/i,
cutter,
kuri/kurai, island,
,
shets’q’vit’a, to cut
off,
,
ganadgureba, to
truncate (Georgian)
cut off; pravraska,
a cut; avatta, adj.,
cut off, divided,
kha¾¿Àkaroti, to
cut in pieces
arû, to cut branches,
erû, to cut trees,
gad mu, to cut the
hair or beard as
punishment,
ga u, to cut, trim
mutilate, uddudu,
cut, deeply cut,
indented, kaš u, cut
down, to cut down
orchards, to cut off,
interrupt, kas mu, to
cut wood, cut down
trees, kar tu, to cut
off, to break off, to
strike (Akkadian)
kursauar/kursau(a)n,
cut off, kwa, karsnu,
kars, to cut off,
cancel (Luvian)
ÄÅ• Æ ©, Çsia ennie, to truncate
(Belarusian)
isklju iti, to cut off, skratiti, to
truncate (Croatian)
wyruszy®, to cut off, przycinac,
truncate (Polish)
lai atdalÀtu, to cut off, saÀsin t, to
truncate (Latvian)
pentru a Èterge, to cut off, pentru a
trunchia, to truncate (Romanian)
päästä pois, to cut off, katkaista, to
truncate (Finnish-Uralic)
sever, cut off (Greek)
ƒÉʃ•€µž‚ ƒ•ƒ…,
anjatelu hamar, to cut off
(Armenian)
për të çarë jashtë, to cut
off, pres majë to truncate
(Albanian)
secare-secui
sectum;
prosectum-i,
part of a victim cut
out to be offered to
a god; trunco-are,
to shorten, maim,
mutilate
rk, to cut off, divide,
cutten] off, plough
up, truncate [<Lat.
truncare], to
tuhs, tuhus, to cut off, shorten, cut
separate, separated,
7-34
ark/rk, cut off,
Script R186,
R204
kartae, kuers/kurs,
tuhs, to cut off,
tuhhus->,tuhsanna
/tuhsanni, to cut off,
separate, tksan sar, to
cut in half, divide,
kuer/kur, ku rzi,
karsa /karsk, arsae,
to cut, kurutsi, cutter,
kuresr/kuresn,
karsesr/karsesn,
cutting, karsat,
cutting removal,
karsiie/a, to cut up,
kukurs, to cut up,
mutilate (Hittite)
8/21/2019 10:28 AM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan †ocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Ind...
x
x
[-,aem, then, but, and,
at (Avestan)
baad az, ̈ ‰Í , after,
since, pas az, dar
peye, adv., dar
peye, dar, after
(Persian)
paËc t, after,
soon, afterwards
, shemdeg,
after (Georgian)
a r n*arkat, arki,
after, d t, after,
behind, d tu,
afterwards, ulliš, at
that place, over there,
afterwards,
subsequently,
moreover,
furthermore
(Akkadian)
ghâbel, Ð Ñ able
(Persian)
€
,
Ïaknoti, to be
shesadzlebeli, to be
able, samartha ,
able,
€
,
Ëakta , able,
tirate, tarate, to
sheudzlia, able
overcome, turvant (Georgian)
(an epitaph of
Indra)
l ’û, able, capable,
skilled, to be an
expert, to master, to
understand
something, ma û,
able, to be able to, to
be able, to be equal
to, to make equal, to
be sufficient for, tele'
û, able, experienced
(Akkadian)
16 of 31
x
Ž ÅŒ•, paslia, after (Belarusian)
nakon, after, po, by, on, for, per, in,
after (Croatian)
gdy, when, as, after, po, pozniej,
za,
after (Polish)
p c, after (Latvian)
dup¯, after, APOI, afterwards,
then; inapoia, behind, behind
(Romanian)
jälkeen, after, in succession to
(Finnish-Uralic)
x« ¨‘ Å ©,
by® u stanie, to be able, Ä Å ©,
Ç stanie, able (Belarusian)
biti u mogu®nosti, to be able, u
stanju, able (Croatian)
by® w stanie, to be able, zdolny,
able (Polish)
bÒt sp jÀgam, to be able, sp jÀgs,
able (Latvian)
a fi capabil, to be able, capabil,
able (Romanian)
pystyä, to be able, able (FinnishUralic)
x
•–, metá, after, μ ˜,
afoú, after, for as much as,
prosechis, next
(Greek)
€•ž, heto, after
(Armenian)
megjithë, after, for, pas,
after, në lidhje me, prapa,
në stilin e, sipas, by,
according to, under, after,
për, prep.; about, in, after,
pasi, conj. after (Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.html
psallo-psalleere
diende, dienceps,
post, postea, adv.
andoren, after, gero, after,
next (Basque)
x
tar éis, after (Irish)
às deidh sin, after
(Scott)
ar ol, after, left, behind,
posterior; gwedi, adv.
after, afterwards; wedi,
prep. after, adv.
afterwards; yn ol, after
(Welsh)
poi, then, later, after,
dopo, en seguito, after,
then, next (Italian)
puis, then, après, after,
afterwards, next
(French)
play on or sing to a pseile, Script
stringed instrument XT-4
7-35
psein, Script
XQ-9
after [<OE aefter],
then [OE, thenn],
later, afterwards,
on, next
7-36
puia (PFIA)
Script N294
pue (P†E),
Script
N294?,
puia (P†IA),
Script Z1780,
AT-15, AJ-3
EGIR, after, ppan,
after, following (Hittite)
a bheith in ann, to be
able, in ann, able
(Irish)
a bhith comasach, to be
able, comasach, able
(Scott)
i allu, to be able,
galluog, able (Welsh)
essere in grado, to be
able, capace, able
(Italian)
pour être en mesure, to
be able, capable, able
(French)
x ™ ½ ™± Ó œ,
na eísai se thési, to be able,
±”™ óV, ikanós, able
(Greek)
Ÿƒ…žÔƒÉƒµ, karoghanal,
to be able, Ÿƒ…žÔ, karogh,
able (Armenian)
te jesh i afte, to be able,
i aftë, able (Albanian)
queo, quire, quivi,
and quii, quitum, to
be able
cämp- (vb.) [B
cämp-], to be able,
cämplune, ability
(Tocharian)
to be able [<Lat.
habilis], capable
[LLat. capabilis],
capacious
[<Lat.capax],
spacious
quisi,
Script MS13
7-37
tarra, tra (tara?), to
be able, tarhu, able to
defeat, to be powerful,
defeat, conquer,
ulkisra/wlkisra, able,
experienced, skilled
(Hittite)
8/21/2019 10:28 AM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan †ocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Ind...
kaÕi , hip
º «©ª•
,
tazabiedrany, hip (Belarusian)
kuk, hip (Croatian)
czeË® p, hip (Polish)
gurns, hip (Latvian)
mfsi ran, ‡ˆ ÐÖ׋
hip (Persian)
• , hip’, hip
(Georgian)
± ³½ , ischío, hip (Greek)
Ù¢, hip, hip (Armenian)
hip, hip (Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.html
coxendix-icis
cromáin, hip (Irish)
hip, hip (Scott)
clun, hip (Welsh)
anca, fianco, hip
(Italian)
hanche, hip, hip-joint
disease coxalgie
(French)
Øold, rin¯, hip (Romanian)
lonkka, hip (Finnish-Uralic)
of the hip [< OE
hype] haunch [<
ME hancha, of
Gmc. origin]
QOXANII
(Q† ÄANII),
Script J3-6
7-38
gilšu, hip, flank
(Akkadian)
x
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
x
quartanquartanas-a-um, of
the fourth
x
of the fourth
7-39
qurtinii
(Q†RTINII)
Script J1-7
akha, bad, evil
(Avestaan)
x defâ' kardan, to
defend; gonâh,
tabahkâri, crime,
‰ , bad, evil (Persian)
, borot’i,
evil,
,
danashauli,
crime,
‚
,
gapitsvistvis, to
strike,
,
mop’asukhe,
defendant (Georgian)
mišu, evil, lumnu,
to act in evil way,
p pam, crime,
commit evil, b štu,
du¥Õa , dur-, evil, evil deed, to commit
dur c ra , evil
evil deed, piš
minded, praharati, lemutti, lemnuto strike,
am lu, evil man,
pratyarthin,
villain, lemnu,
defendant,
evildoer, evil, enemy,
mahAparAdha,
k ipu, gillatu,
great crime;
evildoer, bilu,
sAgas, adj. guilty
evildoer, criminal,
of a crime; enas,
evil person, demon,
sin, crime, fault;
lawless, lemn ti, to
prativAdin, adj.,
side with evil,
damiqtu, evil, bad
contradicting,
luck, ep šu, evil
disobedient,
magic, act, work,
adversary,
šap tu, treacherous,
opponent,
malicious (Akkadian)
defendant
17 of 31
ºŒ , zlo, evil, ºŒ
Å • ,
zla ynstva, crime, ª • ¨‘,
udary®, to strike, ª º
,
adkaz yk, defendant (Belarusian)
zlo, evil, kriminal, crime, pogoditi,
to strike, tuÚenik, defendant
(Croatian)
zøo, evil, przest-pstwo, crime,
uderzy®, pozwany,
defendant;
(Polish)
Ûaunums, evil, noziegums, crime,
streikot, to strike, apsÒdz tais,
defendant (Latvian)
RÜU, REA, RA, bad, defendant,
evil, wrong, foul, ill, crim¯, crime,
s¯ loveasc¯, to strike, pârât,
defendant (Romanian)
paha, evil, rikollisuus, crime,
iskeä, to strike, vastaaja, defendant
(Finnish-Uralic)
”™”ó, kakó, evil, —”›œ ™,
énklima, crime, ™
³• Ý ±, na chtypísei, to
strike, katigoroumenos,
enagomenos,
defendant (Greek)
Þƒ…, ch’ar, evil,
ƒÉ߃ɡ, hants’ank’,
crime, ãž…åƒæž‚µÙ
ƒ•ƒ…, gortsaduli hamar,
to strike (Armenian)
e keqe, evil, krim, crime,
për të sulmuar, to strike
i akuzuar, i pandehur,
defendant, (Albanian)
rea-ae, f. reus-i,
defendo -fenderefendi-fensum, to
repel, ward off,
drive away
malus-a-um, evil,
scelus, crime,
ferio-ire, to strike,
crimen-enis, crime
olc, evil, coireacht,
crime, chun stailc, to
strike (Irish)
olc, evil, eucoir, crime,
airson stailc, to strike
(Scott)
ccanghyfraith,
caredd-au, crime;
diffynnydd
-ion, defendant
(Welsh)
reato, crime, il male,
evil, colpire, to strike
(Italian)
rayer, to strike, cancel,
erase, expunge, la
criminalité, crime, mal,
evil (French)
paratasata, bad quality
(Luvian)
id lus, bad, idalawes,
bad, to become bad,
idalauahh, idalawah,
badly, to treat badly
(Hittite)
evil, bad, [< ME
badde] crime
[<Lat. crimenenis], to strike,
[<OE strican] to
stroke, party to a
lawsuit, defendant,
accused person;
pander (<Pander, a
procurer of sexual
favors in Chaucer's
Canterbury Tales)
ra (RA) Script
Z761, TC120,
R36, K110
rae, Script Z412,
PL-13 (This is
an area of the
Piacenza Liver)
7-40
8/21/2019 10:28 AM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan †ocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Ind...
vac [-] to speak, say,
(framraomi [fra -mrû]
mrû- [-] aoj-aojaite, to
call; sanghaite
[sangh] (Avestan)
soxan goftan, goftogu
kardan, vâxtan, to
speak; goftan, ì×ï to
relate, bayân kardan,
‡¦¸§ ‡ ð to tell
gozâres
dâdan, rabt dâdan,
‡¦ˆ¦ ñ òà ˆ to relate,
connect, link
(Persian)
ƒ ,
lap’arak’I, to speak,
, tkma, to tell,
say, ƒ
,
dak’avshireba,
to relate (Georgian)
¬ • • ¨‘, havary®, to speak,
º ¨‘, kaza®, to tell, say,
Å ª Å ¨‘, suadnosi®, to relate
(Belarusian)
havaryc, to talk, speak;
razmawlac, to speak, talk to
ti(j)-, tiw- to say, ti-, to someone, raicca,to consult, ask
speak, al-, to speak,
(Belarus)
say (Urartian)
govoriti, to speak, re®i, to tell, say,
ill-, il(l)- to say, to povezati, to relate (Croatian)
tell, õll- , to speak,
govoriti, razgovarati, to speak
vachana, talk,
kad-, to say, speak,
(Serbo-Croatian)
vad.h, to talk;
kul- to say, speak,
mowic, to speak,
vadin, adj.
speak solemnly, ale-, powiedzie®, to tell, say, odnosi®
speaking,
al(u)-, to speak, say
si-, to relate, spoke, spoke (Polish)
discoursing,
Hurrian)
gerbtun, to say; bilet, vait'at, to
asserting,
speak (Baltic-Sudovian)
expressing,
run t, to speak, pateikt, to tell,
speaker, explainer,
teikt, to say, saistÀt, to say
teacher, disputant,
(Latvian)
dab bu, to speak,
plaintiff, accuser,
talk, tell, relate,
tarti, taryti, to speak (Lithuanian)
plaintiff,
agree, litigate,
a vorbi, to speak, a spune, to tell,
defendant; rach.h,
complain, dibbu,
a zice, to say, s¯ se refere, to
to form
talk, word, report,
relate, RÜCNI, to speak loudly, to
gossip, rumor, matter, roar (Romanian)
legal case, lawsuit,
puhua, to speak, kertoa, to tell,
agreement, d bibu,
sanoa, to say, samaistua, to relate
talker, atmû, speech,
(Finnish-Uralic)
pronouncement,
wording, mânû,
talker, âdu, speak,
to speak, make an
utterance, qabû,
speak, to tell, to say,
report, recite,
enumerate, promise,
name, call, decree,
take an oath, etc.,
qer bu, to speak to
someone, fasten,
serve meals, to claim,
bring an alliance,
have sexual relations
with a woman,
approach, be
available, be present,
etc., zak ru , to
speak, proclaim,
invoke, to name,
mention, take an
oath, declare, order,
etc. (Akkadian)
18 of 31
™ ±›Ý , na milíso, to
speak, anafero, schetizo,
to relate; lego, dilgoumai,
to tell, tetoreso, will say
clearly (Greek)
ôžõ€µ, khosel, to speak,
¢ƒ••€µ, patmel, to tell,
Ÿƒ¢ƒŸß€µž‚ ƒ•ƒ…,
kapakts’elu hamar, to
relate (Armenian)
për të folur, to speak, te
tregosh, to tell, të thuash, to
say, për t'u lidhur, to relate,
shpreh, said (Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.html
a labhairt, to speak, a
insint, to tell, le rá, to
say, a bhaineann leis,
to relate, a thuairisciú,
to recount (Irish)
gus bruidhinn, labhair,
va., to speak, airson
innse, to tell, a ràdh, to
say, gus ceangal a
dhèanamh, to relate,
airson aithris, to
recount (Scott)
i siarad, to speak, talk,
areithio, to speak,
make a speech,
harangue; dweud, to
say, speak, tell; llefaru,
to speak, utter; parablu,
to speak; i adrodd, to
recount (Welsh)
komz, to speak
(Breton)
dire, to say, to tell,
parlare, to speak,
raccontare, ricontare,
to tell (Italian)
dire, to say, parler, to
speak, raconter, to
relate, narrate, tell,
recount (French)
to speak [<OE
sprecan], talk
[<ME talken],
recount; to speak
dico-dicere dixi,
loudly, to say
dictum, to indicate,
[<OE secgan], tell
appoint, say, speak,
[<OE tellan], relate
tell, mention;
[< Lat. relatus, pp.
loquor, loqui,
rake, reki, to speak, kl- of referre, to refer,
locutus, to speak, to (vb.), to teach, [B kl-] recount [<OFr.
ölearn’ (Tocharian)
tell, say, talk of
reconter]
tro-, tor, to speak
(Lydian)
7-41
tri, to speak (Lycian)
rac, Script Z192,
rak, ScriptZ263,
Z336, Z412,
Z516, Z582,
Z1048, Q335
RAKaR, Script
Z156, Z164,
Z190, Z327,
Z405, Z969,
Z1013, Z1016,
Z1027, Z1846,
Z1869
hitz egin, mintzatu, to
speak (Basque)
wer, to say, to call
(Palaic)
t zzi, to say, ter/tar,
tr, to speak to,
m ma-, m miya->,
mema /memi,
mema/mem,
memiie/a, to say,
speak, mernu, to
speak, to talk, to make
someone talk,
smen/samn, to say, to
speak to, qab >,
speak, asatsa, to speak
to, uddaniie/a
uddanalliie/a, to
speak about, to,
utnalie/a, utnie/a, to
speak about, to
conjure, bewitch
(Hittite)
8/21/2019 10:28 AM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan †ocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Ind...
19 of 31
dÀrgharo¥a, long
in anger, bearing
a grudge
x
x
x
x
x
x
÷ ™÷ ™÷ ™, Rhea, wife
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.html
simultus, invidia,
grudge, odium,
malevolentia,
rancor
rancor, grudge (Italian)
rancune, spite, grudge
(French)
x
x
of Cronos (Greek)
Racun Lasa,
Etruscan divinity
rancor,
7-42
Rhea, Rheia,
mother goddess,
Titanes, mother of
Zeus, Hera &
Tethys (aka
Cybele)
Racun
(RAC†N),
DM-14
Raia (AL RAIA)
Script MG-1
7-43
sam harati, to
rally, gather again, niru baxsidan, to rally
(Persian)
reunite, div,
dIvyati, -te, to
, aktsiaze, to
shine, play, rays of
rally (Georgian)
light or the dice,
play at dice, sport,
joke, trifle with,
mock, rally
• Œ , rali, to rally (Belarusian)
reli, to rally (Croatian)
do rajdu, to rally, zlot,
rally (Polish)
rall t, to rally (Latvian)
pentru a raliului, to rally
(Romanian)
ralliin, to rally (Finnish-Uralic)
™
±² Ó ½, na
syspeirotheí, to rally,
synathroisi, syllalitirio, rali
(Greek)
ƒÉ…ƒ ƒ¶ƒ¡ù,
hanrahavak’y, to rally
(Armenian)
për të mbledhur, to rally, ,
shpotit, rally (Albanian)
restituouere-ui-utum,
to put back,
replace, restore, to
reinstate,
reestablish, repair,
make good
to rally [<OFr.
rallier], rejoin
chun rally, to rally
(Irish)
Ral - name
gu rally, to rally (Scott) Ralia, gen. sing.
decl. of Ral
Ralisa - name
i rali, to rally,
Thalna,(üalna) atgynnull, to
name of mother of
reassemble, rally
Helen, consort of
(Welsh)
Tinia / Zeus
raccogliere, radunare,
Ral, Script K60,
TC80, TC283,
GA-3; J5-7
Ralia, Script
CP33
Ralisa, name,
TC80;
to rally (Italian)
rallier, to rally (French) 7-44
sâxe, so'be, branch,
mes, ý‹ copper
(Persian)
‚
, piliali,
branch,
€ ,
sp’ilendzi, copper
(Georgian)
þ Œ •Œ, filijal, branch,
©ªº‘, miedÿ, copper (Belarusian)
podruÚnica, branch, bakar, copper
(Croatian)
galaz, konar, bough, branch, glina,
asisû, a word for
miedz, copper; braz, bronze
copper, eripu,
akkull nu, eripu,
(Polish)
uššu, copper object,
ramur¯, branch, RAM, antler,
copper object, erû-a’, bough; RAMURI, antlers, boughs;
to mine, smelt
ar¯mi, to coat with copper,
copper, ahuš’u,
copperplate, ARAMA, brass,
poetic expression for
cupru, copper
copper, armatu,
(Romanian)
copper part on door,
kupari, metalli, copper,haara,
ammu u, t l tu,
branch, arm, limb, offshoot, crotch
qualifying copper,
la’šu, qualifying
(Finnish-Uralic)
copper ore, assu,
leafy bough, arinû,
branch, a u,
branch, twig, staff,
stick, atappu, small
branch of a canal,
appa u, branches,
brush (Akkadian)
an nu, erû, copper,
Ë kh , branch,
t mram, copper,
tamra, adj.,
copper-coloured,
dark-red, copper
or a copper vessel
prazakhika, a
small branch or
bough; vaya,
bough, branch;
race, family;
x
x
x
”›™!½, kladí, branch,
³™›”óV, chalkós, copper,
(Greek)
•ƒõɃ¤ ž‚Ôù,
masnachyughy, branch,
¢ÔÙÉ", pghindz, copper
(Armenian)
degë, bough, branch,
bakër, copper, bronz,
bronze (Albanian)
kobrea, copper, adar,
branch, horn, shaft
(Basque)
ramus-i, bough,
branch, twig; aes,
copper
remeo-are, to
return, go back
nahas, # $Š copper, brass,
barunz, %Š+¸ bronze,
qasdayr, ¸ ‰ÖÑ tin, hadid,
‰ ‰= iron, khama, @‹ Y ore
(Arabic)
géaga, branch, copar,
copper (Irish)
meur, branch, copar,
copper (Scott)
cainc (cangau,
ceinciau), branch, arm,
bough, limb; rhaidd
(rheiddiau), spear,
antler, copr, copper
(Welsh)
ramo, branch, trade;
rame, copper; ramare,
to coat with copper
(Italian)
branche, branch,
ramure, boughs,
antlers, rame, stick,
oar; cuivre, copper
(French)
bough, antler,
[<OF antoillier],
sticks, oar;
copper?
7-45
ram, Script
BS-26
ramas, Script
Au7,
ramo (RAM†),
Script Au74,
N216;
ramor
(RAM†R),
Script Z817;
ramoer
(RAM†ER),
Script Z826
karke [ B kar k*],
branch, kË \ (Uigh.
baq^r) [B kuË ne*]
copper coins
(Tocharian)
alkistan, a branch
(Hittite)
x
x
x
Rameras, name
RAMeRAS,
Script †P-8
7-46
vRkka, v`kkayo-
kolye, {ð|§ gorde, ¦¸ï
• , nyrka, kidney, •
, rana,
renes-um, the
duáin, kidney,
the kidney(s)?
ran, Script Z378,
Z1444, Z1861
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kidney, sadme, {‹‰}
wound (Persian)
ƒ
,
tirk’meli, kidney,
„
, ch’riloba,
wound (Georgian)
ryugalam, the
kidneys, vra¾am,
wound
kal tu, kidney of an
animal,region of the
kidneys, small of the
back, a constellation
or fixed star, gibbous
moon, dikšu, wound
caused by piercing,
severed, piercing
pain, pit u, wound,
gash, pa~ nu, to
wound, mi u,
wound, stroke of a
tool, blow , a
decoration of
precious stones,
weaving, woven
cloth, a wooden part
of a door, part of a
measuring box,
(Akkadian),
wound (Belarusian)
bubreg, kidney, rana, wound
(Croatian)
nerka, kidney, rana, wound
(Polish)
RINICHI, kidney,
r¯ni, RANÜ, wound, injury
(Romanian)
munuainen, kidney,
haava, wound (Finnish-Uralic)
• ¼²ó, nefró, kidney,
›œ—Ý, pligí, wound
(Greek)
€…ÙŸƒ•ù, yerikamy,
kidney, ¶€…¡ù, verk’y,
wound (Armenian)
lloj [fig.], veshkë, kidney,
plagë, wound (Albanian)
kidneys;
rana-ae, frog
vulnus, wound;
vulerare, to wound
créachta, wound (Irish)
dubhagan, kidney,
leòn, wound (Scott)
aren-nau, kidney,
elwlen
(elwlod), kidney,
clwyf, wound (Welsh)
rene, kidneys, ranno,
will, ferita, wound,
ferire, to wound
(Italian)
rein, kidney, blessure,
wound (French)
wound? [<OE
wund]
7-47
rane, or thane
Script DK-2
ranes, Script
Au55
RANeS Script
Z214, Z308,
Z953, Z1057
rani, Script Z91
rano (RANV)
Script Q183
ghart kardan,
to plunder,
jostoju kardán,
to plunder,
pillage, etc. (Persian)
,
shetsdoma, mislead,
€
, dzartsvas,
,
gaup’at’iureba, rape
(Georgian)
,
vodzi u zman, lead astray,
€ • ‚,
rabunak, plunder, ƒ „…
†,
zhvaltavannie, rape (Belarusian)
gullubu, to rob,
despoil, shave,
iznevjeriti, lead astray, plijen,
consecrate a priest,
plunder, silovanje, rape (Croatian)
ab tu, to rob, take
sprowadza na manowce, lead
away by force,
astray, grabie‡, plunder, rzepak,
abb tu, robber,
rape
am u, to rob,
pladrowac,
despoil, take off
rabowac, rob, rabunek, robbery
clothing by force,
(Polish)
*nab ’u, to plunder,
laq tu, to plunder, to sarioti, to devastate, to loot
strip a house, to
(Lithuanian)
subdue, to take away svˆt‰ misija, lead astray, izlaup‰t,
(by force), to gather, to loot, plunder sirt, to loot,
to collect, to glean,
izvarošana, rape (Latvian)
to pick up, to gather, conduce rŠtŠcit, lead astray, jaf,
to be destroyed,
plunder, viol, rape, R‹PI, to
maš ’u, to plunder,
abduct (Romanian)
to be plundered, to
ryöstämään, to plunder,
rob a person, to be
robbed, to abduct, to raiskaukseksi, to rape, ryöstää, to
take away by force,
rob, johtaa harhaan, to lead astray
despoil cities, houses, (Finnish-Uralic)
etc., mušallilu,
nabl’u, plunderer,
miše’tu, plundering,
naq bu, to rape,
deflower, mazû, to
rape, produce a
liquid, to squeeze,
abb tu, mašši’u,
robber, mili tu,
na butu?, robbery,
ubtu, robbery,
booty, loot, captive,
prisoner of war,
waku, in wakumma
ep šu, to rob
(Akkadian)
irb-, rob, to carry,
steal (Urartian)
apathe p tayati,
mislead,
vañcayate, to
deceive, lu hati,
plunder, hara am,
abduction, rape,
ramate, ravish,
bal tk re a
bhu kte, rape
loptra, stolen
property, plunder,
booty; muSAy,
-yati, to rob,
snatch away,
plunder; luTh,
luNTh, luNThati,
to rob, steal,
plunder
20 of 31
Œ•Ž••‘“
”•–••‘–•‘—˜‘—™•, odigíste
parastratiotikí, lead astray,
›“•›••œ•, leilasía, plunder,
•—••žóŸ, viasmós, rape,
(Greek)
¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨ ©¤¨¤¥ª «,
arrajnordel molorvats, lead
astray, ¬ ¨ £-, t’alany,
plunder,
raptum-i, plunder;
®¡£ ® ¥¤¯¬°¤¯£,
rapere, to rush off,
brrnabarut’yun, rape
pervert, lead astray
(Armenian)
çojë në rrugë të gabuar,
run astray, plaçkitje,
plunder, përdhunim, rape,
rrëmbej, to whip, për të
vjedhur, to rob (Albanian)
plunder, plunder, mar
thoradh air, lead astray,
éigniú, rape (Irish)
creachadh, plunder, a
'treòrachadh, lead
astray, èigneachadh,
rape (Scott)
arwain tramgwydd,
lead astray,
profedigaeth, plunder,
llathruddo, to rape,
trais rhywiol, rape
(Welsh)
portare fuori strada,
lead astray, rapinare, to
plunder, rob,
saccheggiare, plunder,
rapina, robbery, stupro,
rape (Italian)
s'égarer, lead astray,
rapiner, to plunder,
rape, râpé, rape, rapine,
rapine, extortion
(French)
saru, plunder, booty,
to plunder
[<MHG, plunder,
household goods],
rob, rush off, lead
astray; to loot
[<skt. lotram,
plunder]
7-48
rapa, Script
Aph-7
RAPiN, Script
Z1292
RAPiNES,
Script Z1345
sarue/a, saruae, to
plunder, to loot
something,
aplae, deceive, entrap,
mrsant, deceiptful,
dishonest, unholy,
mrsadr, deceiption,
fraud, treachery
(Hittite)
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pravirala, adj.,
rare, isolated, very
few; viralAy,
-yate, to be thin or
rare; alaukika, not
common,
extraordinary,
strange, rare
kamyâb, nâyâb,
rare, adj., šâz, ± ² adj.,
rare (Persian)
, ishviatia,
rare (Georgian)
€³ ‚ , redki, rare (Belarusian)
rijedak, raree (Croatian)
rzadko spotykany, rare, rzadki,
rzadko, rare
(Polish)
reti, rare (Latvian) RAR, rare
(Romanian)
harvinainen, rare (Finnish-Uralic)
•”´µ—•, spánia, rare
araios, rare (Greek)
¶ ·ª ¸°¤¯¹, hazvagyut,
rare (Armenian)
i rrallë, rare (Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.html
rarus-a-um
annamh, rare (Irish)
tearc, rare (Scott)
prin, rare, anaml,
anghyffredin, godidog,
tenau, rare (Welsh)
raro, rare (Italian)
rare, rare (French)
seldom, rare?
rar, Script DL-7
7-49
nezâd, ¼½¾ race
(Persian)
, rasis, race,
, eri, nation
(Georgian)
j tiº, race, kind;
an»ka, race,
family
liš nu, nationality,
technical language,
special language or
dialect, commentary,
slander, gossip,
report, wording,
statement, tongue,
person or people
speaking a foreign
language, person
(captured) able to
give information,
tongue of a flame,
blade of a weapon or
tool, plowshare, ingot
(Akkadian)
ÀÁ, nacyja,
¿ ‚ , honki, race,
nation (Belarusian)
utrka, race, narod, nation
(Croatian)
wyÂcigi, rasa, race, naród, nation
(Polish)
rasŠ, race, naÃiune, nation
(Romanian)
rotu, race, kansakunta, nation
(Finnish-Uralic)
Ďŵ•Ÿ, agónas, race,
Æǵ Ÿ, éthnos, nation
(Greek)
©¥È ª ·É, mrts’avazk’,
race, ·¸, azg, nation
(Armenian)
garë, race, komb, nation
(Albanian)
genus-eris, race,
cine, race, náisiún,
nation (Irish)
rèis, race, dùthaich,
nation (Scott)
hil-iau, race, lineage,
posterity, brood,
descent, cenedl
(cenhedloedd), nation,
gender, race (Welsh)
razza, race, breed,
kind, nazione, nation
(Italian)
Etruscan, name the
Etruscans called
themselves,
according to
Roman historians;
7-50
Ras, Script
BS-20
Rasiia (RASIIA)
Script BR-2
Rasna, Script
Z158, TC38;
Rasne, Script
K26, K119,
K124 (name the
Etruscans
called
themselves)
race, race, lignée,
nation, nation (French)
chun smaoineamh, to
think, a dhaingniú, to
ratify, aigne, mind
(Irish)
tark, tarkayati, to
think, suppose,
conjecture, guess,
reflect, regard,
ponder;
dIdhi, dIdhye,
adIpdet, to appear,
seem, perceive,
think,
make up one's
mind; man,
manyate, -ti,
manute, to think,
believe, approve,
commend,
sthir‰karoti, ratify
21 of 31
, zehn, mind,
tasvib, ratification,
ÊË , fekr
kardan, gomân
kardan, andisidan,
manidan, to think
(Persian)
‚
, pikri, to
think,
‚
,
rat’ipitsireba, to
ratify,
,
goneba, mind
(Georgian)
, duma , to think,
€ …ÀÌ ‚
,
ratyfikava , to ratify,
€
, rozum, mind (Belarusian)
misliti, to think,
ratificirati, to ratify, um, mind
(Croatian)
myÂle , to think, do ratyfikacji, to
ratify, umysø, mind (Polish)
dom t, to think,
ratificˆt, to ratify, pr t , mind
(Latvian)
a gandi, to think, RAÍIONEZ, I
think, reason, sŠ ratifice, to ratify,
minte, mind (Romanian)
ajatella, to think,
kat ru, to think,
hesitate?, kabattu,
mind, liver?
emotions, inside of
the body, thoughts,
spirit, libbu, mind,
ratifioimaan, to ratify,
thought, intention,
courage, wish, desire,
mieli, mind (Finish-Uralic)
heart, etc., as su,
mindful, care for, to
think of a person
(said of gods and
kings = to care for, to
be pious, (Akkadian)
•™ÆΑ ž•—, skéftomai, to
think, µ• “”—™Ï–Å• ϵ, na
epikyrósoun, to ratify,
žÏ•›ó, myaló, µ ÏŸ, nous,
mind (Greek)
й «§¨, Mtatsel, to think,
ª ª§¥ È£§¨, vaverats’nel,
to ratify, ©Ñ¹É-, mitk’y,
mind (Armenian)
te mendosh, to think,
për të ratifikuar, to ratify,
mendje, mind
(Albanian)
reor, reri, ratus, to
think suppose,
judge, ratus-a-um,
determined, judged
mens-mentis,
mind,
understanding
gus smaoineachadh, to
think, a
dhaingneachadh, to
ratify, inntinn, mind
(Scott)
i feddwl, to think,
cadarnhau (cadarn), to
strengthen, confirm,
establish, corroborte,
ratify, meddwl, mind,
meddwl (meddyli), to
think, cogitate, deem,
mean (Welsh)
pensare, to think, rata,
installment, ratificare,
to ratify; mente, mind
(Italian)
penser, to think,
rater,to fail in,
miscarry; ratifier, to
ratify; mental, adj,
mental; esprit,
penchant, avis,
intelligence (French)
to think [<OE
thencan], suppose,
judge, ratify [<Lat.
ratificare]
thoughtful, pensive
[<Lat.penso-are, to
weigh]
7-51
rat, Script Z1805;
rato (RATV),
Script Q232;
ratom, ratum
(RATVM), Script
Z1274;
RATvM, Script
TC170, TC307
See Note (1)
mala, mal(a)i, to
think, suppose
(Hittite)
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tâxtotâz, virâni, virân
kardan, to ravage;
robudan, bâzistândan,
Ò ÓÔ,
mosâdere kardan,
seize, confiscate,
gereftan, Õ Ë Ö to take
(Persian)
chun éigniú, to rape,
chun fuadach, to
abduct, a thógáil, to
take (Irish)
gu èigneachadh, to
rape, gus a ghoid, to
abduct, gabh ri, to take
(Scott)
i dreisio, to rape, i
beidio, to abduct,
llathruddo, to rape,
treisio, to force, ravish,
violate, rape,
oppress,cymryd
cymryd, to take
(Welsh)
stuprare, to rape,
rapire, to ravish,
abduct, kidnap,
prendere, to take
(Italian)
ravir, to erase, raver, to
ravish, abduct, prendre,
to take (French)
,
gaup’at’iureba, to
rape,
,
gat’atseba, to abduct
(Georgian)
šat-, to take, seize, ši-,
to take away, capture,
conquer, ×a-, to take,
par-to take away, irb-,
rob, to steal
(Urartian)
šatt-, to take, ×a- ,
×a-xz, to take
(Hurrian)
hara am,
abduction,
ramate, to ravish,
rape, dhar a ,
defilement, rape
pramatha,
tearing, rape (of a
woman),
overwhelming,
destruction;
grbhay,
grbhayati, to
grasp, seize; la,
lati, to grasp,
seize, take;
jabh, to snap at,
seize with the
mouth, crush,
destroy
s raº, thing,
ab lu, to ravage,
take away, oppress,
undo, leqû, to take
up an object, take a
wife, accept gifts,
bribes, tax, tribute,
interest, rent, etc.,
ek mu, to take away
by force, absorb,
laq tu, ab tu, take
away by force, rob,
snatch, *e ru, taken
away, aš u, take
away, deprive, need,
desire, ekmu, taken
away, e ru, take
something away from
somebody, save a
person, maš ’u, to
abduct, to take away
by force, to rob a
person, pu gu, take
by force, appropriate,
control, a zu, to
seize, hold a person,
kaš du, to seize,
conceal, defeat an
enemy, etc., * ušu,
in ušumma ep šu,
to take or the like, to
remove, muš ni u,
adj. taking pains,
nak ru, to take a
person away, to
abolish the rule of a
king, become an
enemy, etc., ab tu,
to take hold of a
person, to arrest,
take, conquer a city,
to think, to hold, etc.,
našû, take up an
object, take away,
raise a crop, to bear,
put on clothing,
seize, etc., tam u,
to take up, seize,
hand over, etc.
(Akkadian)
aya, aem, this
ƒ „
, zhvalci , to rape,
À‚€ Ø , vykrasci, to abduct,
Á , uzia , to take (Belarusian)
silovati, to rape,
oteti, to abduct, uzeti, to take
(Croatian)
gwaøci , to rape,
porwac, to abduct, bra , to take
(Polish)
izvarot, to rape, nolaup‰t, to
abduct, Ùemt, to take (Latvian)
pentru viol, to rape, pentru a rŠpi,
R‹PI, to abduct, a lua, to take
(Romanian)
raiskaukseksi, to rape,
sieppaamaan, to abduct, ottaa, to
take (Finnish-Uralic)
Ú³Û, reÜ, thing, ÝÀ…
†,
µ• •—´•“—, na viásei, to
rape, µ• •”•Ž´Ž“—, na
apagágei to abduct, µ•
”•–“—Ÿ, na pareis, totake
(Greek)
®¡£ ® ¥¤¯¬° £ ¶ © ¥,
brrnabarut’yan hamar, to
rape, ¡§¯ £¸§¨¤¯
¶ © ¥ arrevangelu hamar,
to abduct, ª§¥È£§¨,
verts’nel, to take
(Armenian)
për të përdhunuar, to rape,
për të rrëmbyer, to abduct,
arrestoj, to arrest, për të
marrë, to take (Albanian)
rapio, rapere, rapui,
raptum, carpoere-si-tum, to pick,
pluck, gather, tear
off, travel, wear
down, etc.
app-, to take, epa-, to
take possession,
(Lycian)
dah/ta, to take (Palaic)
la/lala, la(la), da, to
take (Luvian)
harro egitea, to ravish,
bahitu, kidnap, hijack,
abduct (Basque)
”–´Žž•, prágma, thing,
Þ›•, ýli, matter, material
(Greek)
ents lune (n.a.) (Skt.
d nam), seizing,
capture, entsa- [B
e k-], take for oneself,
grasp (Tocharian)
to ravish, [<Lat.
rapere, to seize]
abduct [<Lat.
abducere, carry
off, kidnap]
kidnap, rob of,
charm, to seize
[<OFr. seiseir,
snatch away;
arrest [<OFr.
arester]; grab
[<MLG grabben],
capture [<Lat.
capere, to seize]
rav (RAF), Script
AN42; BS-3
rava, (RAVA),
Script Au74
RAFeN, Script
AT-1 (third pers.
pl. rapiunt
7-52
ptiali/ptali, carry off
quickly, run off with,
to whisk away, elope
with a woman, pp- ,
#epp, to take, seize,
katta d ->, to take,
capture, #ta-, to take,
da/d,to take, wed,
decide, tslukes, to
take a long time ,
lalata, to take away in
a ritual, p hute->, to
take away, lead away,
par p da->,
pittenu->, karpiie/a,
karp, to take away,
pick, pluck, peda/ped,
to take away, take
somewhere, to carry,
to transport; to spend
(time) (Hittite)
res, rei
rud, thing, ábhar,
matter (Irish)
rud, thing, rudeigin,
thing [<OE thing],
object [<obicio
-icere -ieci,
re, rei,
ScriptR219,
R238, R270,
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(Avestan),
chiz, thing,
essence, vi aya ,
material
substance, matter,
graahaan.h,
things; tya, def.
pron. that person
or thing
, mâdde, matter
(Persian)
aya, aem, this
(Avestan)
pytannie, matter (Belarusian)
predmet, stvar
mariti, nevolja,
uzrok, thing (Serbo
Croatian) stvar, thing, materija,
matter (Croatian)
rec, thing (Belarus)
, rame, thing,
rzecz, thing, materia, matter
,
mnishvneloba, matter (Polish)
lieta, thing, mat rija, matter
(Georgian)
(Latvian)
lucru, thing, materie, matter, I,
bad people, bad things, accusedpl. (Romanian)
tive, thing, word
(Hurrian)
, ban, thing,
, materia,
matter (Armenian)
gjë, thing, material, matter
(Albanian)
gauza, thing (Basque)
âvardan, to bring;|
daryâftan, to
receive; negâh
dâstan, farâmus
nakardan, to retain
(Persian)
, rata, to bring,
,
shenarchuneba, to
retain (Georgian)
ši-(a-), to come,
bring, irb- to carry,
rob, steal, na - , to
carry away, sit down
(Urartian),
un-, n-, to bring
(Hurrian)
arû, to bring people,
animals, guide, lead,
rule, steer boat,
nayati, to bring
or cause to come, er bu, bring
something, enter a
tu, tavIti, to be
house, penetrate,
strong, effect,
arrive, š buku, to
bring about;
have a person
prakaTay, yati, to brought, mat u, to
manifest, reveal,
carry, to transport
bring to light;
(timber, bricks, etc.),
to pick up, to lift, to
rudh, ruNaddhi,
runddhe (rundhati, put on a garment, to
rise high, kalû, to be
te, rodhati), to
retained, cut off, to
obstruct, hold
deny a wish, a
back, shut up,
request, deny water
surround, cleave
for irrigation, delay,
to, keep prisoner; delay a boat, to
dA, dadAti, datte, detain, hold back a
dadati, -te
person, to keep in
custody, r dû,
(dAti, dadmi), to
retainer, head of a
give, surrender,
work crew, guide,
receive, retain,
scout, soldier, etc.
carry
nab ku, to bring,
usher in, našû, to
bring, to wield a
weapon, to take,
accept, seize, etc.,
kam su, to bring in
barley, animals, etc.,
gather, prepare for
burial, etc., qer bu,
to bring near,
conclude an alliance,
speak to someone,
attack, have sexual
relations with a
woman, etc., culmu,
bring greetings,
t mu, bring
information, news,
orders, t ru, to bring
back, take back, give
back, return, turn,
etc. (Akkadian)
23 of 31
, daviesci da, to bring,
, zachava , to retain
(Belarusian)
donijeti, to bring, zadržati, to
retain (Croatian)
przynie , to bring, zatrzyma , to
retain (Polish)
celt, to bring, saglab t, to retain
(Latvian)
s€ aduc€, to bring, s€ re•in€, to
retain (Romanian)
tuoda, to bring, säilyttää, to retain
(Finnish-Uralic)
‚ƒ „…†‡ˆ, na férei, to bring,
‚ƒ ‰ˆƒŠ‹†Œ•‡ˆ, na diatirísei,
to retain, ypochoro,
ypochorisi, retreat (Greek)
Ž•• ‘
,
berelu hamar, to bring,
recipiio-cipere-cepi
’ ‘’
Ž, pahpanel, to
ceptum, to hold
retain (Armenian)
back, retain, to take
back, retreat
për të sjellë, to bring, për të
ruajtur, to retain (Albanian)
ekarri, to bring,
atxikitzeko, to retain,
atxiki, retain (Basque)
matter (Scott)
peth-au, thing, item;
mater-ion, matter
(Welsh)
cosa, thing, materia,
matter (Italian)
chose, thing, matière,
matter (French)
tra,-ou, thing (Breton)
iectum,
to oppose], matter
[<Lat. materia-ae
and materies-ei,
7-53
res, Script AH-1,
AT-13, Q171,
Q701, Au55
wramm, thing
(Tocharian)
tabhair, to bring, a
choinneáil, to retain
(Irish)
a thoirt a-steach, to
carry, a ghleidheadh, to
retain (Scott)
i ddod a, to bring,
cyrchu, to attack, go,
resort, repair, fetch,
bring, get; cario, to
carry, bear; cludo, to
carry, convey, port,
bear; derbyn, to
receive, meet, derive,
accept, admit, i gadw,
to retain (Welsh)
recare, portare, to
bring, carry,
conservare, to retain
(Italian)
reçu, adj. received,
recognized, admitted;
amener, conduire,
to bring [<OE
apporter, to bring,
porter, to carry, retenir, bringan], carry
[<Norman Fr.
to retain (French)
carier], bear,
convey, take,
retain [<Lat.
prant [B prenca],
retinere]
bringing (Tocharian)
pdura- (?), to bring
(Mylian)
arnu-, to bring,
arnumi, I bring,
pittae, pitae, to carry,
bring, to render, to
pay, p da-> peda/ped,
K43, Au74, etc. –
very common
in the scripts;
rec, Script Z1292
reces, Script R50,
R71
7-54
to bring, take,
piddanna /piddanni,
to bring away,
maninkuuanu, to
bring away, uda/ud,
uedae, wate/wat,
weda, wedae, wida,
to bring here, to bring
near, uwate->,
uuate/uuat, to bring, to
lead, taruppiianu, to
bring together,
trupinu, to bring
together, collect,
pehute/pehut, to
bring there, (Hittite)
,
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x
x
RECE, cold (Romanian)
x
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.html
regia-ae, palace,
royal family; adv.
Regie, royally,
tyrannically
x
Recia, name?
palace?
Recia, SCRIPT
CF-8
7-55
xshi [-] can (ahm) to
govern, rule
(Avestan)
dastur, farmânravâyi
kardan, to rule,
˜ ™› “ ”•—, hukumat
kardan, to rule,
govern (Persian)
riail, to rule (Irish)
,
gamoritskhavs, to
rule,
, marto,
to govern (Georgian)
arû, to rule, lead,
bring, puttu, ruler,
b l tu, rid tu, to
rule, rubûtu,
rulership, nu, lord,
ruler, high priest,
vidhidRST, adj.,
prescribed by rule, priestess, lu, in b l
li, ruler of a city,
regular; rajya,
kussû, rule, royal
adj., fit to reign,
property and service,
royal; kingship,
throne, exta, a feature
sovereignty, reign, of the exta,
kingdom, country; dominion, l tu, rule,
raj, rajati, -te,
power, triumph,
victory, pû, rule,
rasti; to reign,
order, command,
rule, direct, be
mouth, mouth or
master of, shine,
river, etc., language,
glitter, be
talk, etc., r ’ûtu,
illustious or
rule, pasturing,
eminent, sti, to
sheperdship,
govern
occupation of a
shepherd, muttarrû,
ruler, caravan leader,
muma’iru, ruler,
commander, satrap,
mu e’emu, ruler,
lawgiver, šarr tu,
rule, royal status,
reign, kingship,
royalty, n ru, rule,
domination,
crosspiece, yoke, part
of a door, etc.
(Akkadian)
ϥ
, pravi , to rule, Ÿ •
,
kirava , to govern (Belarusian)
vladati, to rule, upravljati, to
govern (Croatian)
rz dzi , to rule, govern, regula,
rule (Polish)
vald¡t, to rule, vad¡t, to govern
(Latvian)
a conduce, to rule, a guverna, to
govern, REGLU, REGLEZ, I
solve, I put in order (Romanian)
hallita, to rule, govern (FinnishUralic)
‚ƒ ƒ¢£„ƒ•¤•¥, na
apofasíso, to rule, ‚ƒ
¦§¨‡†‚©, na kyvernó, to
govern, kanonas, dioikisi,
dikazo, rule; kyberno,
rythmizo, govern;
¨ƒ•ˆª‡«¥, basilevo,
basileia, to reign (Greek)
¬ - ®
Ž, karravarel, to
rule, govern (Armenian)
për të sunduar, to rule,
drejtoj, administroj,
për të qeverisur, to govern
(Albanian)
araua, to rule, jaurri, rule
(Basque)
gus riaghladhlly, to
rule (Scott)
i reolaeth, to rule,
govern, control,
manage,
wio, to rule, govern,
direct, steer (Welsh)
reggere, to support,
bear, carry, govern,
governare, to govern
(Italian)
regler, to rule; régie
administration,
gouverner, to govern
(French)
rego, regere, rexi,
rectum, to rule
regulus-i, a petty
king, king's son,
prince
k kmärtune, rulership,
sovereignty
(Tocharian)
to support, carry,
direct, rule [<Lat.
regula], govern
[<Lat. gubernare]
7-56
tbar, to rule, tbaraman,
adj., ruling, governing,
tbaramahit, position of
ruling, tbariala/i,
governor, tbariala, to
be governor (Luvian)
rek, Script Q500,
R542, R546
rekin (REKYN),
Script XS-1
regl (REbL),
Script Q534,
Q661, Q726,
R22;
regle (REbLE),
Script Q784,
Q805
reglo (REbLV)
Script Q754
tapariie/a,
#tapariálato, rule,
tbaria, ruling order,
saladr/salan,
rulership, kingship,
greatness, mniahae, to
govern, administer, be
in charge, mniahai ,
government,
administrative district
(Hittite)
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banríon, queen, Rí,
king (Irish)
ban, she, female; ban
boireann, female,
righinn, bhanrigh,
queen, rìgh, king
(Scott)
brenhines (breninesau),
queen; bano-au,
maiden, queen, brenin,
king (Welsh)
regina, queen; reggere,
to reign, re, king;
(Italian)
reine, queen; roi, king;
régner, to reign
(French)
Walo, king
(Tocharian)
ahu, ahura, god, lord
(Avestan)
¯•° malake, sahbânu,
sahrbânu, queen,
± ² pâdeshâh king
(Persian)
, mepe, king,
,
dedopali, queen
(Georgian)
raagyii, r jñ¡,
queen, r j , king,
r j rha, royal,
king, queen
asura, godlike,
powerful
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evri, lord, evrenne,
lord, king (Hurrian)
ekallu, queen, wife
of king, erešu,
šanukatu, queen,
rub tu, queen, wife
of a ruler, šarratu,
queen, šarratuttu,
queenship, position
of a queen palû,
kingship, an sign of
kingship, term of
office, rotation in
office, hegemony,
dynasty of a country
or tribal group,
supremacy of a deity,
reign of a king, reign,
š piru, king, ruler,
sovereign, prefect,
governor, etc., šarru,
(when reffering to
foreigners, often
petty king, tribal
chief), Regulus
(Akkadian)
xntawa, xñtawata-,
rule, kingship,
xntawata, ruler, king,
xntawat(i), king, royal,
of the ruler,
xntawati(ye),
xñtawati(je, royal
(Lycian)
Ÿ • ³ , karalieva, queen,
Ÿ •£³ , karo´, king (Belarusian)
karaleva, queen,
(Belarus)
kraljica, queen, kralj, king
(Croatian)
kraljica, queen (Serbo-Croatian)
dama, krolowa, queen, król, king
(Polish)
karaliene, queen, µ ni¶š, king
(Latvian)
regin€, queen, rege, king
(Romanian)
kuningatar, queen, kuningas, king
(Finnish-Uralic)
¨ƒ•¤ªˆ••ƒ, vasílissa,
basilissa, queen, ·ƒ•ˆªˆ¸¹,
Vasiliás, Basilias, king
(Greek)
º »••‘ , t¼aguhin,
queen, º » ®• ½,
t¼agavory, king
(Armenian)
mbretëreshë, queen, mbret,
king (Albanian)
errege, king, erregina,
queen (Basque)
rena, Script Aph
22, PA9
rene, Script Z42,
K146
ReNI, Script
AP-1
xñtabaime/i-, ruling
(Mylian)
regina; queen;
domina-ae,
mistress of a
household, wife,
mistress, lady; of
abstr. things, ruler
rex-regis, king,
ruler, prince
regnum-i, kingship,
monarchy,
sovereignty
tbar, to rule, govern,
queen [<OE
cw n]; dame [Brit.
tbaraman, ruling,
a woman's tile
governing, tbaramahit, equivalent to that
position of governing of a knight; Lat.
(Luvian)
domina, mistress]
king, [<OE
cyning]
7-58
MUNUS.LUGAL,
hasusra, #nasusara,
queen, ishasra, lady,
mistress, isha, lord,
master, nasusara, a
queen, LUGAL, hasu,
king, lbarna/tbarna,
title of a king,
hantawat,
hantawad(i), king,
supreme authority,
royal, hassueznae, to
be king, hassuezziie/a,
hassuuezziie/a,
hassue, to become
king, hasuetsna,
royalty, hasuetsi,
royal status,
hantawadahit,
kingship, hantawahit,
kingdom,
saladr/salan,
kingship, rulership,
greatness, tapariie/a,
to rule, tbaria, ruling
order, (Hittite)
roi (RVI) Script
Z606, Z776,
Z1161, Z1310,
Z1334, Z1386,
Z1578, Z1780,
TC28, AT-10,
L31, AM-3;
MS-1, AF19,
AM-3, FR-2,
L17, RA-4,
PQ-10, K177,
BE-11, J42-7
roial (RVIAL),
Script AT-10?
roim (RVIM),
Script Z1243
rois (RVIS),
Script Z1623,
BT-10
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tâze kardan, now
kardan, to renew
(Persian)
athnuachan, to renew,
diúltú, to refuse (Irish)
gus ùrachadh, to
renew, a dhiùltadh, to
refuse (Scott)
adnewyddu, to renew,
renovate, revive,
gomedd, to refuse,
deny, forbid; gwrthod,
to refuse, reject, deny,
decline, forsake;
(Welsh)
rinnovare, to renew,
rifiutare, to refuse
(Italian)
rénover, to renew,
refuser, to refuse
(French)
,
ganakhleba, to renew,
, uaris
tkma, to refuse
(Georgian)
eddešû, constantly
renewing itself, ever
brilliant, t dištu, to
navi, to renew,
renovate, renovation,
navikarati, to
renewal, *mâzu, to
refuse, nak ru, to
make new,
refuse, to change a
revive; vrt,
name, to be or
vartate, ti,
become an enemy,
vavartti, tol
speak a falsehood,
revolve, roll, run
move away, discard,
off, go on, happen, settle persons
occur, renew,
elsewhere,deny a
statement, abolish the
rule of a king, etc.,
*mâ’u, to refuse,
praty khy ti, to
want, to be willing,
refuse, reject,
unwilling, etc.,
ucchi ¾am, e a , nukurrû, denied
to refuse
amount of money,
nugguru, to
denounce, ullu, to
denounse, accuse,
dal hu, denounce,
disturb, embarras, stir
up, etc., kalû, to
deny a wish, to
distrain, to stop, to be
finished, to be
withheld, etc., t ru,
refuse an oath, return,
send back, close a
door, etc., uššusu, to
renew, restore
(Akkadian)
zâtanãm [zâta], born,
brought into
existence (Avestan)
nujan, ˜ ĔŠreborn
(Persian)
j ta , pras ta ,
born, j yate, to be
born, s te, to give
birth
¿À
, abnavi , to renew,
Á£
, admovicca, to refuse
(Belarusian)
za obnovu, to renew, odbiti, to
refuse (Croatian)
aby odnowi , to renew, odmówi ,
to refuse (Polish)
atjaunot, to renew,
atteikties, to refuse (Latvian)
s€ reînnoiasc€, to renew, a refuza,
to refuse (Romanian)
uudistaa, to renew,
kieltäytyä, to refuse (FinnishUralic)
À •
Ç È À£Çx, naradziÉsia
znoÉ, born again, •
,
adradzicca, reborn (Belarusian)
Ponovno roÊen, born again, reborn
(Croatian)
, tavidan
dabadeba, born again, narodzi siË na nowo, born again,
odrodzony, reborn (Polish)
dzimis no jauna, born again,
,
aghordzineba, reborn atdzimis, reborn (Latvian)
n€scut din nou, born again,
(Georgian)
REN SCUT, reborn (Romanian)
an-, Æan-, to give
birth (Hurrian)
al du, wal du, to
give birth, eš ru, to
give birth easily,
charge, send,
dispatch, prepare,
proceed, keep in
good order
(Akkadian)
‚ƒ ƒ‚ƒ‚‡©•¥, na ananeóso,
to renew, arnoumai, to
deny; arnoumai,
aporripto, skoupidia,
skybala, refuse (Greek)
º
 Ž•• ‘
,
t¼armats¼nelu hamar, to
renew, ‘ Ã ® Ž,
hrazharvel, to refuse
(Armenian)
mospranoj, refuzoj, mohoj,
kundërshtogj, to refuse;
gjallëroj, përtërij, rivendos,
riparoj, restauroj, përsëris
renew (Albanian)
reno-are, to swim
back; renuo-nuere
nui, to deny, refuse,
reject; renovo-are,
to renew
nawa/i, new (Luvian)
wuaksiianu, aksinu,
to deny someone
something, mimma-,
to refuse, reject,
mimma/mimm,
mima, mim, to
refuse, newa, n was,
new, maiantahh, to
rejuvinate (Hittite)
berritzeko, to renew,
berrezarri, leheneratu, to
restore, uko egitea, ukatu,
to refuse (Basque)
ẋ‚‚‹Í…‚£¹ ΃‚¸,
genniménos xaná, born
again, ƒ‚ƒÌ‡‚‚‹Í…‚£¹,
anagenniménos, reborn
(Greek)
• Â Ï ® Ž,
norits¼ tsnvel, born again,
®
Ï ® Ï,veratsnvats,
reborn (Armenian)
lindur përsëri, born again,
rilind, reborn (Albanian)
ma, to refuse, do not!
(Tocharian)
a rugadh arís, born
again (Irish)
a rugadh a-rithist, born
again,
ath-bheothachadh,
reborn (Scott)
a anwyd eto, born
again, adennill, reborn
(Welsh)
nato di nuovo, born
again, rinascere, reborn
(Italian)
né de nouveau, born
again, renaître, reborn
(French)
renascor-nasci,
natus
to swim back
to deny, refuse
[<Lat. refundo
fundere -fudi
fusum; to pour
back, make
overflow, refuse]
Reneri, name?
7-59
ren, Script Z150,
Z176, Z206,
Z369,Z665,
Z913,
Z1049, Z1853,
AN112;
rena, Script PA-9
rener (RENeR)
Script Z327,
Z347, Z439,
Z446, Z1016,
Z1021, Z1623,
Z1846, Z1869,
Z1905
Reneri, Script
K159
ReNES, Script
BT-19
reni, Script R185
ReNI, Script
Z508,
Z1097, AP-3;
reno (RENV)
Script R204,
G30,
G39
rent, Script G24,
G29
to be born again
ReNAIX
Script S-15
7-60
mi, born, has/hss,
hasnu, to give birth,
hasadr/hasan,
begetting, birth,
offspring, family,
hasumr, begetting,
genitals (Hittite)
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gonâhkâr, bezehkâr,
culprit, corrupt,
evil guilty, defâ'
kardan, to defend
(Persian)
,
damnashave, culprit,
,
mop¼asukhe,
defendant (Georgian)
abhiyukta ,
culprit, accused
person,
pratyarthin,
defendant,
mahAparAdha,
great crime;
sAgas, guilty of a
crime; enas, sin,
crime, fault;
prativAdin,
contradicting,
disobedient,
adversary,
opponent,
defendant
parri u, criminal,
false mendacious,
bilu, criminal,
evildoer, ardadu,
criminal, thief,
narru, criminal,
wrongdoer, raggu,
criminal, evil,
wicked, malicious
person, wrongdoing,
violence, masiktu, in
b l masikti, criminal,
u, in ša i,
criminal, sabit nu,
one who apprehends
a criminal, captor,
arnu, in b l arni,
culprit, gillatu,
gullultu, sin, crime,
misdeed, ennetu, sin,
divine punishment,
gillatu, ennetu, h u,
ši tu, gluluul, sin,
to commit a sin,
sartu, to commit a
crime, arnu, to
commit a sin or
crime, lemnu, to
commit crimes, a û,
sin, to trespass, to
commit an offense, to
neglect, to make a
mistake, to fail, miss,
to damage, injure,
inu, in ša ni,
criminal, murderer
(Akkadian)
esâre kardan,
gozâres dâdan, to
refer (Persian)
adhikRtya, adj.,
concerning, on
account of, with
reference to;
anudeza,
instruction,
advice, reference
rUpay, -yati, to
form, model,
figure, represent,
perform, behold,
perceive, find
out; vid, vindati,
-te, to find, meet
with, get, obtain,
visit, befall, have,
possess; rac,
racayati, to
produce, form,
make, compose,
write, find
,
mimartos, to refer
(Georgian)
as su, to refer to
something or
somebody, to be
mindul of something,
care for, to think of a
person (said of gods
and kings
(Akkadian)
peydâ kardan, ÛÜݲ
˜ ™› to find, yâftan,
jostan, to find
(Persian)
, ip¼ovos, to
г ÑÒÀ , zlaÓyniec, culprit,
Ÿ ÑÒŸ, adkazÓyk, defendant
(Belarusian)
krivac, culprit, tuženik, defendant
(Croatian)
winowajca, culprit, pozwany,
defendant
(Polish)
vaininieks, culprit,
aps dz tais, defendant (Latvian)
inculpat, culprit, R U, REU, bad,
pârât, defendant (Romanian)
syyllinen, culprit,
…‚£Æ£¹, énochos, culprit,
guilty (Greek)
Ô Õ •Ô, meghadrogh,
culprit, Ö
×Ø •Ô½,
pataskhanoghy, defendant
(Armenian)
keqbërës, culprit, i
pandehur, defendant
(Albanian)
reus-i and rea-ae,
party in a law-suit;
defendo -fendere
fendi -fensum, to
defend,sons,
sceleratus,
culprit, guilty
cosantóir, defendant,
culprit, culprit (Irish)
a 'chùis, culprit,
dìonach, defendant
(Scott)
troseddwr,
transgressor,
trespasser, offender,
culprit, criminal;
diffynnydd-ion,
defendant (Welsh)
reo, culprit (Italian)
coupable, culprit,
inculper, to indict,
charge; inculpé,
defendant, (French)
[B tranko], sin
(Tocharian)
culprit [<origin
unknown], guilty
[<OE gylt]?
defendant, accused
[<Lat. accuso-are,
to accuse]
7-61
wasta, sin (Luvian)
reo, reu (REV)
Script K136 or
reoi, reui (REVI)
Script K136 –
see revi
reos, reus
(REVS),
Script Z522,
Z1591
wasta->, sin, err,
ustul/wstul, wastai,
wasku(i), sin, offence,
vastaaja, defendant (FinnishUralic)vastaaja
wastul, sin, fault,
blame, uastahh,
uastae, to sin,
wasta/wast, wastah,
to sin, to offend,
wastnu, to make as a
sin, regard as an
offence,
wasku(a)limai, adj.,
sinful (Hittite)
³È ¿ À ÑÙÀÀÈ,
dlia abaznaÓennia, to refer
(Belarusian)
(Polish)
s€ se refere, to refer, (Romanian)
viitata, to refer (Finnish-Uralic)
‚ƒ ¢ƒ†ƒ¢…ÍÚ‡ˆ,
na parapémpsei, to refer,
epistrefo, epistrofi,
kerdos, apodosi,
refer (Greek)
Õ
Ž, dimel, to refer
(Armenian)
për t'u referuar, to refer,
dërgoj, send, drejtoj, direct,
(Albanian)
À Þ , znajsci, to find, Ÿ ¿ À£Ç
À Þ , kab znoÉ znajscix, to find
again (Belarusian)
prona i, to find, prona i ponovno,
to find again (Croatian)
znaleß , to find, znaleß ponownie,
to find again, odkrycie, discovery,
znaleziona rzecz, found thing,
(Polish)
atrast, to find, atk rtoti atrast, to
find again (Latvian)
a g€si, to find, pentru a g€si din
nou, to find again (Romanian)
löytää uudelleen, to find again
‚ƒ ¨†¥, na vro, to find, ̈ƒ
‚ƒ ¨†‡ˆ ΃‚¸, gia na vrei
xaná, to find again,
anakalypto, discover;
efevrisko, epinoo, invent
(Greek)
»
Ž, gtnel, to find,
¬ ¬ »
Ž•• ‘
,
krkin gtnelu hamar, to find
again (Armenian)
per te gjetur, to find,
për të gjetur përsëri, to find
again, siguroj, to ensure
(Albanian)
za upu ivanje, to refer (Croatian)
odnosi siË, to refer
refero, referre,
rettuli, relatum, to
carry back, bring
back, to return,
go back
chun tagairt a
dhéanamh, to refer
(Irish)
airson iomradh a thoirt
air, to refer (Scott)
i gyfeirio, to refer,
to refer? [<Lat.
cyfarwyddo, to direct,
referre] name?
guide, refer, prescribe;
cyfeirio, to direct,
7-62
point, orient, refer,
allude, address (Welsh)
riferire, to refer
(Italian)
réferer, to refer
(French)
reperio-reperie,
repperi, repertum
a fháil, to find, teacht
arís, to find again
(Irish)
a lorg, to find, a lorg
a-rithist, to find again
(Scot)
i ddod o hyd i, to find,
i ddod o hyd i eto, to
find again, cael
(caffaael), to have,
receive, get, find,
acquire, derive, obtain;
cael hyd, to find;
canfod, to see,
Reph or
REPHTE, Script
R173, R188,
R212
to get again, find
repin, Script
[<OE findan],
Z308, Z378;
discover, ascertain, Z1825
invent, win [<OE
winnan, to strive]
7-63
repine, Script
Z1006, Z1057
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perceive, find, behold,
detect, discern,
discover (Welsh)
trovare, to find, per
trovare di nuovo, to
find again (Italian)
trouver, to find,
retrouver, to find again
(French)
find,
, k¼idev
ertkhel movdzebnot,
to find again
(Georgian)
out, put, place
kaš du, to find, to be
sufficient, to be
victorious, arrest a
fugitive, criminal,
defeat an enemy,
seize, obtain a wish,
make a journey,
chase away, etc.
(Akkadian)
wa/imi, to find
(Luvian)
(Finnish-Uralic)
wemiya->, uemiie/a,
wemie/a, to find
(Hittite)
xshnaoma [-],
satisfaction, coy
(Avestan)
por, anbâste, abriz;
âbestan, bârdâr,
adj.pregnant; basand,
pâyân yâfte, adj.
anjâm dâdan, to be
complete; xosnudi,
satisfaction (Persian)
_akka, full
(Yagnobian)
d.ak, full (Pushtu)
, shevseba, to
fill,
,
daak¼maq¼opilos, to
satisfy (Georgian)
p rayati, to fill,
satisfy, bharita,
adj., filled, full of;
saMpUrNa,
full, replete, filled
or richly furnished
with, whole,
entire, abundant
kapp-, to fill a vessel
(Hurrian)
dap ru, to satisfy, to
become sated, ap lu,
to give satisfaction,
satisfy a legitimate
demand, nešbû,
satiety, satisfaction,
erû, to be pregnant,
to conceive, to
impregnate, er tu,
pregnant woman or
animal, m rû,
pregnancy,
musallimu, to bring
a pregnancy to term
(Akkadian)
œ ÇÀÈ , zapaÉnia , to fill,
£³ , zadavoli , to satisfy,
Èà •À È, ciažarnaja, pregnant
(Belarusian)
ispuniti, to fill, zadovoljiti, to
satisfy, trudna, pregnant (Croatian)
wypeøni , to fill, completny,
pelnia, pelny, full, zaspokoi , to
satisfy, w ci åy, pregnant (Polish)
piepild¡t, to fill, apmierin t, to
satisfy, gr tniece, pregnant
(Latvian)
a umple, to fill, a satisface, to
satisfy, gravid€, îns€rcinat€,
pregnant (Romanian)
täynnä, filled, täyttää, to fill,
tyydyttääkseen, to satisfy,
raskaana, pregnant (FinnishUralic)
‚ƒ ̇ͤ•¥, na gemíso, to
fill, pliris, gematos,
full, ˆ¦ƒ‚£¢£ˆ©, ikanopoió,
to satisfy, …̦§£¹, énkyos,
pregnant (Greek)
Ž Â Ž, lrats¼nel, to fill,
®
Ž, bavararel, to
satisfy, ‘Ô , hghi, pregnant
(Armenian)
për të mbushur, to fill, plot,
tërë, adv. full, për të
kënaqur, to satisfy,
shtatzënë, me barrë,
pregnant (Albanian),
repleo-plere-plevi
pletum; repletus-a
um; to fill again,
satisfy; amplus-a
-um, large,
spacious, ample,
praegnans-antis,
gravidtas-atis,
pregnant
a líonadh, to fill, a
shásamh, to satisfy, ag
iompar clainne,
pregnant (Irish)
a lìonadh, to fill, gus a
bhith riaraichte, to
satisfy, trom, pregnant
(Scott)
i llenwi, to fill,
cyflawn, complete,
entire, full; diwall,
satisfied, full, perfect
fflwch, adj. full,
bountiful, i fodloni, to
satisfy, beichiog,
pregnant (Welsh)
riempire, to fill, pleno,
completo, colmo,
abbondante, amplo,
sazio adj. full, per
soddisfare, to satisfy,
incinta, pregnant
(Italian)
remplir, to fill, plein,
entier, repu, adj. full,
satisfaire, to satisfy,
enceinte, pregnant
(French)
suna, suwa to fill
(Palaic)
sunnae/sunnanzi,
sunna/sunn, suue/a,
sunniie/a, so,
suna/sun, soa, sue/a,
#šuwái, to fill,
sumreske/a
(somreske/a?), filled,
to become filled
because of pregnancy,
to fill again, fill
[<OE fyllan]
ample, [<Lat.
amplus] satisfy
[<Lat. satisfacere]
replete, filled, full
[<OE fyllan],
pregnant
replio (REPLIO)
Script K43; see
plenas
7-64
sunumesr?, filling,
rmae, rmae, rmuant,
to be pregnant, rmah,
to make pregnant,
hassik(ka)nu, to
satiate, hassikk, to
satiate oneself, isp i->
ispai/ispi, ispae,
ispiie/a, to be satiated,
ispiy tar, satiation,
abundance, ispan,
satiation, klank, to
satisfy (Hittite
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vi-væêoti, ap -, to
reveal, prakaTay,
-yati, to manifest,
reveal, bring to
light; vat, vatati,
to apprehend,
understand,
reveal, inspire
devotion; avis,
adv., openly,
before the eyes,
make visible,
reveal, show,
nirargalayati, to
unbolt,
udgh ¾ayati, to
unlock
daxs, to teach, daxsta,
sign (Avestan)
âskâr kardan, âskâr
sodan, to reveal
(Persian)
,
gamovlena, to reveal,
,
ÒÈ
, vyjavi , to reveal, Ÿ ¿
ubiletod, to unbolt,
ÑÒÀÈ ,
, gakhsna, to
kab adÓynia , to unbolt, Ÿ ¿
unlock (Georgian)
• ¿³ Ÿ
, kab razblakava , to
unlock (Belarusian)
otkriti, to reveal, za otkljuÓavanje,
kullumu, to reveal
to unbolt, otkljuÓati, to unlock
(something hidden),
(Croatian) ujawni , to reveal,
reveal, to offer to a
odkrËci , to unbolt, odblokowa ,
god, to assign, to
to unlock (Polish)
produce a person, to
point out, to show a
Atkl t, to reveal,
document, etc., idû,
atsl gt, to unbolt,
to be unfamiliar with, lai atbloµ tu, to unlock (Latvian)
to take cognizance of, a dezv€lui, to reveal,
to care for something
pentru a debloca, to unbolt, a
or somebody, to be
recognized, revealed, debloca, to unlock (Romanian)
paljastaa, to reveal,
appointed, to
vapauttamaan, to unbolt, avata, to
announce, etc.,
petûtu, revelation?,
unlock (Finnish-Uralic)
petû, to reveal,
unveil, uncover, to
make an opening for
a pit, a grave,
building, separate, to
remove, remove from
office, etc., pa ru,
to be unlocked,
loosen, remove,
detach, purchase,
reclaim, break a
treaty, etc.
(Akkadian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.html
‚ƒ ƒ¢£¦ƒª«Ú‡ˆ, na
apokalýpsei, to reveal,
apokalypto, deichno,
emfanizo, anafero,
disclose,̈ƒ Š‹‚
ƒ¢£•«‚‰‡•‹, gia tin
aposýndesi, to ubbolt,
̈ƒ ‚ƒ ·¦ª‡ˆ‰©•‡Š‡, gia na
xekleidósete, to unlock,
(Greek)
 ‘ ï Ž,
bats¼ahaytel, to reveal,
resero-are
 Ž•• ‘
,
bats¼elu hamar, to unbolt,
unlock (Armenian)
për të shfuqizuar, to unbolt,
për të zhbllokuar, to
unlock, hap, i heq shulin,
unbolt; demaskoj,
zbuloj nxjerr në
shesh, to reveal
(Albanian)
a nochtadh, to reveal,
chun unbolt, to unbolt,
a , dhíghlasáil, to
unlock (Irish)
a 'nochdadh, to reveal,
gu unbolt, to unbolt,
gus fuasgladh
fhaighinn, to unlock
(Scott)
i unbolt, to unbolt,
amlygu, to manifest,
reveal; dangos, to
show, indicate, reveal,
exhibit; datguddio, to
reveal, disclose,
divulge,
i ddatgloi, to unlock
(Welsh)
rivalare, revelare, to
reveal, svitare, to
unbolt, sbloccare, to
unlock (Italian)
révéler, dévoler, to
reveal, open,
déboulonner, to
unbolt, déverouiller, to
unlock (French)
resa, Script
TC108;
to unbolt [<OE
bolt, heavy
arrow], open
up, disclose, reveal
[<Lat. revelo-are,
to reveal] to note
[<Lat. nota, mark]
7-65
resan, Script
Z439, Z1423,
Z144
resane, Script
Z455;
rese, Script
Z1423? see reseri
resi, Script Z19
See APA, word
in mural of priest
loosing a
bird.TA-1
tekkus(sa)nu,
tekus(a)nu,
reveal, to show, to
make present, bolt on
door, or chest,
tekusie/a, tekus(a)nu,
to present oneself,
show, reveal, tsaki, to
bolt, hattaluuae, to
lock, # tešha,
revelation, a dream
(Hittite)
xoddâri, forugozâri,
negahdâri,
reservation,
zakhire kardan, ™Ýðò
˜ ™› to reserve
(Persian)
,
dajavshna, to reserve
(Georgian)
rak ati, to lay
aside, keep, retain
parihara, reserve,
ez bu, to reserve, set
concealment
aside, entrust,
abandon, bequeath,
kalu, to hinder, to
stop, to cause to stop,
to hold back, to be
held back, to be
delayed, to remain, to
stay, to be kept away,
to cease, to stop, to
linger behind, etc.
(Akkadian)
ô •Ù • , u rezierv, to reserve
(Belarusian)
rezervirati, to reserve (Croatian)
rezerwowa , to reserve (Polish)
rezerv t, to reserve (Latvian)
a rezerva, to reserve (Romanian)
varata, to reserve (Finnish-Uralic)
Á ³ , smala, resin (Belarusian)
smola, resin (Croatian)
zywica, resin
‚ƒ ¦¸‚‡Š‡ ¦†¸Š‹•‹,
na kánete krátisi,
õ¢£÷‡ÍƒŠˆ¦ó,
apothematiko, to reserve,
rezerba, epifylasso,
reserve (Greek)
’ ‘ Ž•• ‘
, pahelu
hamar, to reserve
(Armenian)
për të rezervuar, to reserve
(Albanian)
reservo-are
†‹Š¤‚‹, ritíni, resin (Greek)
Ø Ã, khezh, resin
(Armenian)
resina-ae
chun cúlchiste, to
reserve (Irish)
gu tèarm, to reserve
(Scott)
annx cadw, to keep,
preserve, save, guard,
hold, i warchod, to
reserve (Welsh)
riservare, to reserve
(Italian)
réserver, to reserve
(French)
roisín, resin (Irish)
rûiseid, resin (Scott)
rhwsin, resin (Welsh)
to lay up, keep
[<OE cepan]
back, reserve,
save, preserve,
keep
reseri, Script
Z1423
7-66
resin,
7-67
RESiN, Script
Z412
resin, Script
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases, with Ind...
ar la or r la ,
dh naka , sarjarasa ,
vrksaniryasa,
gum, resin;
niryasa, exudation
of trees, juice,
resin, milk, etc.
avasA, rest,
liberation;
vizAnti, rest,
repose, cessation,
end, j¡vati, to
survive
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.html
râtiyâne, ratynh, ¯üÝþÛÿ
resin (Persian)
, pisovani,
resin (Georgian)
lu, resin, exudation
of plants, alab tu, a
resin, qatr nu, cedar
resin, za’u ,resin,
resina, resin (Italian)
résine, resin (French)
(Polish)
sveµi, resin (Latvian) R "IN ,
resin (Romanian)
hartsi, resin (Finnish-Uralic)
Z114
resine, Script
Z865, Z990
RESiNS,
Script Z1408
rrëshirë, resin
(Albanian)
hrnai, resin, sap
(Hittite)
* ilban tu, resin of
the ilab nu-plant
(Akkadian)
âsâyes, pâye, rest;
âsudan, to
rest; baqâ, âstes,
survival, esterahat,
rest (Persian)
,
dasveneba, to rest,
,
gadarchena, to
survive (Georgian)
³È œ ÑÒÀŸô,
dlia adpaÓynku, to rest, Ÿ ¿
ÒàÒ , kab vyžy , to survive
(Belarusian)
za odmor, to rest, preživjeti, to
survive (Croatian)
odpocz , to rest, przetrwa , to
survive
(Polish)
atp sties, to rest, lai izdz¡votu, to
survive (Latvian)
izuzzu, to stand,
s€ se odihneasc€, to rest,
kalû, to remain, to be RESTEU, R STEU, piece of
finished, to stay, keep
wood or metal used to block the
in custody, to stop, to
be closed, prevent, to oxen at the yoke; REST, of the
rest, a supravietui, to survive
stay, etc., aš bu,
(Romanian)
somewhere, sit down,
wait, sit idly, mourn, levätä, to rest, selvitä hengissä, to
survive (Finnish-Uralic)
officiate (of kings,
etc.), reside,
populated, to live,
(Akkadian)
̈ƒ ‚ƒ ·¦£§†ƒ•Š‡¤Š‡, gia
na xekourasteíte, to rest,
ypoloipo, anapafsi,
anapavomai; epizo,
epibiono, survive (Greek)
‘ »×
Ž•• ‘
,
hangstanalu hamar, to rest,
»•ï
• Ž•• ‘
,
goyatevelu hamar, to
survive (Armenian)
për të pushuar, to rest,
vazhdoj të ekzistoj
to survive (Albanian)
resto-stare-stiti
a gcuid eile, to rest,
chun maireachtáil, to
survive (Irish)
gus fois a ghabhail, to
rest, gus mairsinn, to
survive (Scott)
i orffwys, to rest,
dadflino, to rest, i
oroesi, to survive
(Welsh)
riposare, to rest,
sopravvivere, to
survive (Italian)
reposer, to rest,
survivre, to survive
(French)
to rest, make a
stand, stand still,
stay behind,
survive [<LLat.
supevivere] to
await
7-68
resta, Script
R258
resteu, resteb
(RESTE8),
Script N87
RESTvM,
Script TC-7
krie/a, to rest or
pause,
saguantrie/a,
rest, to remain, to stay,
to be neglected, to be
unvisited, to be
untended, to be
uncelebrated, (Hittite)
dâm, $Û net (Persian)
x
, saprtkhe,
net (Georgian)
n ya,
fisherman's net,
j lam, net, p a ,
snare
30 of 31
ešešû, š tu, net,
eš šu, to catch in a
net, aš šu, to catch in
a net, engulf,
overwhelm, gung tu,
littû, pasuttu, p gu,
š šûa, š šû,
šuškallu, net,
k timtu, fowler or
fisherman's net,
kumiru, caught in a
net or trap?, qû, net,
capillary (on the ext
and the body),
filament, flax, string,
thread, web,
musa iptu, net for
gazelle hunting,
mut rtu, fowler's net
or part of it, double
door, *qaštu,
qualifying a type of
net, na alu, net,
snare, ad lu, to net,
to knot, allu appu,
net used for hunting
and warfare, a
net-like sack, demon
(Akkadian)
œ %Ÿ , pastka, net (Belarusian)
zamka, net (Croatian)
sidøa, net (Polish)
&aundaris, net (Latvian)
curs€, net (Romanian)
netto, net (Finnish-Uralic)
x¢ƒÌ¤‰ƒ, pagída, net
(Greek)
º ¬ Õ½, t¼akardy, net
(Armenian)
kurth, net (Albanian)
rete-is net
glan, net (Irish)
lìon, net (Scott)
llawr, snare (Welsh)
rete, net, snare (Italian)
rets, net, snare
(French)
net [<OE nett]
7-69
ret, Script PL-11,
CJ-7
This is an area of
the Piacenza
Liver
sare, net (Basque)
ekt, akti, net, hunting
net (Hittite)
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xâb, xâb didan, to
dream, royâ, +=ÿ
dream (Persian)
chun aisling, to dream
(Irish)
gu aisling, to dream
(Sott)
breuddwydio, to dream
(Welsh)
sognare, to dream
(Italian)
rever, to dream
(French)
, otsneba, to
dream (Georgian)
svapna, svapa,
sleep, dream
iltu, mašarrû,
šuttu, dream,
mupašširu, dream
interpreter, to inspect,
let see, etc., dullupu,
heavy eyed, sleepy,
ar ibi, šabrû,
dream interpreter,
šabrûtu, offfice of
the šabrû, pal u, to
respect, show respect,
kab tu, to pay
respect to gods, to
parents, to respect an
oath, rich, to become
painful, to honor a
person, honored, to
give honor, to be
honored, to hatch
(said of a bird), fat,
lethargic, etc.,
zaq qu, the god of
dreams, haunted
place, nothingness,
phantom, ghost,
foolishness, soul,
(Akkadian)
Á •Ò , mary , to dream
(Belarusian)
sanjati, to dream (Croatian)
dreamed, dreamed, marzyc,to
dream (Polish)
sap¶ot, to dream (Latvian)
s€ visezi, to dream (Romanian)
unta, to dream ((Finnish-Uralic)
‚ƒ £‚‡ˆ†‡§Š©, na oneireftó,
to dream, oneiro,
oneirevomai, dream
(Greek)
@ Ž, yerazel, to dream
(Armenian)
te enderrosh, to dream
(Albanian)
somnio-are, to
dream; revereor
vereri-veritus, to
revere, respect,
fear
u, dream, tshai/tshit,
tesha, a dream, sleep,
teshaniie/a,
teshanie/a, dream, to
appear in a dream
ametsa, dream (Basque)
revelation; supparija,
to sleep (Hittite)
to dream,[<OE
dream, joy] to
muse, rave,
yearn; to revere,
respect, fear?
7-70
rev (RE8) PL-33
reva (RE8A),
Script Au17,
Au74, Au20
revo (RE8V),
Script N216
revi (RE8I) or
revio (RE8IV),
Script K136
8/21/2019 10:28 AM
Notes to Indo-European Table Part 7:
English word Dictionary and English word origins from "The Concise American Heritage Dictionary,"
Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1987.
Latin Dictionary mainly used, Cassell's, Latin-English, English-Italian Dictionary, Collier Books, MacMillan
Publishing Co., NY, 1963
Italian Dictionary, Mondadori's Italian-English, English-Italian Dictioanary, Pocket Books, Simon &
Schuster, NY, 1961
French Dictionary, Larousse's French-English, English-French Dictionary, Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster,
NY, 1971
Other dictionaries from online sources that have come and gone, as it were.
* Some Hittite words from www.utexas.edu.; Most of the Hittite vocabulary is adapted from Lia Pena,
https://www.academia.edu/35508624/Hittite_English_Dictionary.docx. uploaded 3.06.18; Hittite words with #,
from: https://thevore.com/hittite/ (1/30.19)
Avestan words from: http://www.avesta.org/avdict/avdict.htm#dctc
Tocharian words were obtained through various online sources; however, we owe thanks to the following for
enabling new additions in our current edition>: a dictionary recently uploaded to academia.edu: A
Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A Vol 1: Letters a-j, By Gerd Carling In collaboration with
Georges-Jean Pinault and Werner Winter.
Persian words are mainly from https://glosbe.com/en/fa/
(1) In the Avesta, Vendidad, Fargard 5.25, is the term, "Ratu" which is a priest, like "Rsis" in the Rig Veda.
The Ratu has the power to remit sin. The corruption of the dead is addressed in the Vendidad; the corpse
being called a nasai, and the devas or demon that corrupts it is called a Nasu. See IndoEuropean_Table1B.1.html, Note (1).
(2) Thanks to Constantin Cucu for his contribution on the Romanian language.
.
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan vocabulary, with Indo-European cognates
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Indo-European Table with Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin, Tocharian, Anatolian, Gaelic, Latin, Italian, French & Etruscan
08.20.19 Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE):
Etruscan_Phrases
Indo-European Table 1, Part 8
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Table 1 Index
(Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table 1)
Table 1, Section 1C.1: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.
Sanskrit
Avestan, Persian,
Georgian, Hurrian,
Akkadian
saltanati,
royal
(Persian)
, samepo,
royal (Georgian)
r jak ya, royal,
belonging to a
king or queen
dhanin, rich,
nab ba•,
bhogapati• a
rich man,
sudhana, adj.,
very rich; tilvila,
adj., fertile, rich;
purUvasu, adj.,
rich in goods.
kussû, royal property
and service, throne,
exta, a feature of the
exta, rule, dominion,
chair, sedan chair,
name of a month,
saddle, part of a
chariot or a plow,
kussû, in b t kussi,
royal property (real
estate), royal service,
it uru, royal
standard, karallu, a
term for happines
(Akkadian)
servatmand, ‚ ƒ„…†‡
rich, tavângar,
pormâye, rich, adj.,
khosh,ˆ‰Š happy
(Persian)
,
mdidari, rich,
, bednieri,
happy (Georgian)
kubuttû, rich gift,
abundance, abundan,
kab tu, rich, to
become painful, to
honor a person,
honored, to give
honor, to be
Slavic, Baltic,
Romanian,
Finnish-Uralic
,
karalie ski, royal
(Belarusian)
kraljevski, royal
(Croatian)
królewski, royal
(Polish)
karaliskais, royal
(Latvian)
regal, royal
(Romanian)
kuninkaallinen, royal
(Finnish-Uralic)
‹ Œ •Ž•, bahatyja,
rich, •‘
“Ž,
š”aslivy, happy
(Belarusian)
bogat, rich, sretan,
happy (Croatian)
bogaty, rich,
szcz•–liwy, happy
(Polish)
bag ts, rich, laim gs,
happy (Latvian)
bogat, rich, fericit,
happy (Romanian)
rikas, rich, onnellinen,
iloinen, happy
(Finnish-Uralic)
Greek, Armenian,
Albanian, Basque
V,
vasilikós, royal
(Greek)
€ ,
ark’unik’, royal
(Armenian)
mbretëror, royal
(Albanian)
Latin
other
ríoga, royal (Irish)
rìoghail, royal
(Scott)
brenhinol, royal
(Welsh)
reale, royal (Italian)
royal, adj. royal,
réel, adj. real
(French)
regalis,
regius-a-um,
of a king, royal,
regal, splendid
k kmärtune,
rulership,
sovereingnty
(Tocharian)
errege, royal
(Basque)
saladr/salan,
— ˜™ ˜V, ploúsios,
rich; ploutos,
periousia, wealth,
› œ˜™•žŸ˜V,
charoúmenos, happy
ž ¡ ›¢V, eftychís,
happy, felicitous
(Greek)
£
¤¥, harust,
rich, ¦ § €¨,
yerjanik, happy
(Armenian)
i pasur, rich, të
pasurit, pasanik,
rich, i lumtur, happy
(Albanian)
saibhir, rich, sásta,
happy (Irish)
beairteach, rich,
sona, happy (Scott)
cyfoethog, rich,
wealthy, abl, adj.
rich, well off,
sufficient; aelaw,
wealth, hapus,
happy (Welsh)
ricco, adj. rich,
contento, happy
(Italian)
riche, adj. rich,
heureux, content,
happy (French)
English
Etruscan
real [<Lat. realis],
rial, Script
royal,[<OE
AM-9, AR-4
cyning, king]
rials, Script
BS-19
8-1
rulership, kingship,
greatness,
hantawadi, royal,
hasuetsi, royal
status, hasuetsna,
royalty (Hittite)
dives-vetis, rich,
wealthy; rica-ae,
a veil,
opis, greatness,
wealth, Ops,
goddess of
wealth,
felix-icis, happy
rich, wealthy
[<OE rice, rich],
happy [<hap,
Fortune, chance,
an occurance,
<ON happ]
8-2
ric, Script Z100,
Z308, Z378,
Z842, Z1352,
Z1825, Z1787,
Au28, Au74,
Au102, AN20,
N462, R31,
L20, L44
rica, Script
TC190 ©see rica
below
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honored,etc.,
mašr tu, riches,
mašrû, riches,
prosperity, wealth, a
descriptive name of
the date palm, of
Sirius, of excrement,
šarûtu, wealth, lalû,
riches, wealth, wish,
desire, happiness,
desirability, prime of
life, pleasant
appearance, charms
(of a woman or man),
luxury objects,
sumptuous
decoration, abundant
vegetation, ad š,
joyfully, adj.,
ab u, happiness,
karallu, a term for
happines, udû or
du, happiness, joy,
lullû, hapiness, to
provide with
happiness, addû,
adj., happy, lal nû,
happy, luxeriant,
adû, happy person,
adû, happyto be
happy (Akkadian)
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sunatruant(i), rich in
outpourings
(Luvian)
aberatsa, rich,
wealthy (Basque)
hap, wealthy, to
make a bargain,
hapina, hapinat,
wealth, rich,
happines, to
become rich,
hapinah, to enrich
(Hittite)
rad kardan, «¬†- ¬®
reject (Persian)
, uari
tkvas, reject
(Georgian)
praty khy ti,
reject, –eªa•,
refuse, znath
(znathiti), pierce,
perforate, push
back, repel,
rAj, rAjati, -te,
rASTi; to reign,
*mâzu, to refuse,
zak pu, to reject,
nas k, reject, to be
rejected, to annul an
order, remove an
inscription, tablet, to
hurl, to shoot, cast
aside, etc.. šal , to
reject, hurl weapons,
shoot arrows, throw
away etc., t ru, to
reject the 30th day, to
recede, take back, to
again, to respond,
etc., nadû, to reject,
stop working
disregard an order,
throw out a corpse,
have a miscarriage,
knock down a wall,
erect a reed ht, place
a stone in amounting,
to load a boat, etc.,
ramû, to reject, let
go, drop, leave
behind, to untie,
release, become
weak, suspend, set
free, etc. (Akkadian)
xshi [-], to rule,
govern (Avestan)
jelo raftan, ¹ º…® »¼½ to
¯° •±², adchilia³,
reject (Belarusian)
odbiti, reject (Croatian)
odrzuca³, reject,
odpychac, repel
(Polish)
noraid t, reject
(Latvian)
respinge, reject
(Romanian)
hylätä, reject (FinnishUralic)
“ ± , viesci, to lead,
¾ “ ±², pravi³, to rule
(Belarusian)
voditi, to lead, vladati,
to rule (Croatian)
prowadzi³, to lead,
—˜œœ´—¡µ,
aporrípto, to reject
(Greek)
¶¦ ·¦¸, merzhel,
reject (Armenian)
hedh poshtë, reject,
zmbraps, prapësoj,
zbyth, to repel
(Albanian)
reicio-icereieci-iectum
ukatzeko, errefusatu,
to reject, uxatzeko,
aldaratu, to repel
(Basque)
Ÿ ˜¿ÀÁ¢ ž , na
odigísei, to lead,
archigos, leader,
žœŸÂ, kyvernó,
to rule (Greek)
à §
Ħ¸,
rigo-are, to lead;
rego, regere,
rexi,
rectum, to rule
diúltú, reject (Irish)
dhiùlt, reject (Scott)
gwrthod, reject,
gwrthladd, to resist,
repel, combat
(Welsh)
rifiutare, reject,
respinger, ripugnare,
to repel, reject
(Italian)
repousser, to repel,
rejeter, to reject
(French)
to throw back,
throw behind,
drive off, reject,
refuse [<Lat.
refundere, to pour
back]
mimma->, mimma
/mimm, mima,
8-3
mim to refuse,
reject, pasku,
paskuuae, to reject, See also Refuse,
Deny, 7-59, 1-89
to ignore, to
neglect, to remove,
suai, rejection
(Hittite)
a threorú, to lead,
riail, to rule (Irish)
gu stiùir, to lead, gus
riaghladh, to rule
(Scott)
i arwain, to lead,
rigid, to lead
[<OE lead]; to
rule, to steer [OE
stieran], govern
[<Lat. gubernare],
conduct [<Lat.
rica? Script
TC190
rik Script AF-1
rike, Script
Q460,
Q726, Q837
rikes, Script
Q671,
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rule, direct, be
master of, shine,
glitter, be
illustious or
eminent, nayati,
to lead, guide,
adhitiªÅhati, to
conduct, .
dhipatya-),
governorship,
padeªÅÅa, leader,
advisor
lead, saxt, seft, rigid,
adj sarrâst, râst,
direct, adj., (Persian)
,
gadzghola, to lead,
,
gamoritskhavs, to
rule,
,
mimartva, to direct
(Georgian)
arû,to steer a boat, to
rule, lead, bring
people/animals,
guide, to have
brought, send, guide
safel (Akkadian)
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lywio, to rule,
govern, direct, steer;
rheoli, to rule,
govern, control,
manage (Welsh)
condurre, to lead,
rigare, to rule,
dirigere, to direct
(Italian)
mener, to lead,
rigide, rigid, firm,
strict, severe;
diriger, to direct,
gouverner, to rule
(French)
arrajnordel, to rule,
¨ Ã È ¦¸,
karravarel, to rule
(Armenian) te
rzÆdzi³, to lead (Polish) udheheqesh, to lead,
vad t, to lead, vald t, to për të sunduar, to
rule (Latvian)
rule, drejtues, leader,
kryetar, head,
a conduce, to lead, to
dirigjent, conductor,
rule, RIGÇ, REGE,
rol kryesor, main
rex, king (Romanian)
johtaa, to lead, hallita, role (Albanian)
to rule (Finnish-Uralic)
eramango, to lead,
zuzendu, to lead,
direct, rectify,
address, amend
(Basque)
k kmärtune, ruling,
governorship, k-,
lead, drive, käl -,
lead, bring
(Tocharian)
nana, to lead, tbar,
to rule, to govern,
tbaraman, ruling,
governing,
tbaramahit, ruling,
position of ruling
(Luvian)
conducere]
8-4
Q737, Q745,
Q754
tapariala,
tapariie/a, to rule,
lead, decide, to
reign, tbaria,
ruling, order,
saladr/salan,
rulership, kingship,
greatness (Hittite)
ambu, apas,
rdra, wet,
dharya, var,
water, uda, adj.
water, udavaha,
bringing water,
udan, water,
âpa [ap], (duna) âfsh,
water (Avestan)
âb, ÉÊ water, byary
kardan «¬†- Ë®ÌÍÎÏ, to
water, irrigate, paryab
kardan, «¬†- ÉÌЮÌÑ,
irrigate (Persian)
, morts q’va,
“ ¯Ó , vadzie, to
to water, irrigate,
, ts’q’ali, water water, “ ¯ , vada,
water, ‹ • ±²,
(Georgian)
abraša³, to irrigate
šiye, šije, water, šijÒ, (Belarusian)
water, river (Hurrian) zalijevati, to water,
voda, water,
m ma, water, lap tu, navodnjavati, to
water, to apply water, irrigate (Croatian)
to contact, to touch,
do wody, to water,
to strike, to obscure,
woda, water,
defeat, be defeated,
nawadnia³, to irrigate
d lu, irrigated field,
(Polish)
irrigation, d lû,
aplaist t, to water,
irrigator, water
Ôdens, water, apÔdeÕot,
drawer, gardener,
d lu, d lu, irrigation, to water, irrigate, flood
using water from a
(Latvian)
well, daluw tu,
la apÖ, to water, apÖ,
irrigated fields,
water, IRIG, I irrigate,
irrigated by water
IRIGA, to irrigate
drawn from wells,
(Romanian)
mikru, irrigation,
flooding of fields, an veteen, to water, vesi,
water, kastella, to
irrigated or irrigable
field, m kiru,
water, irrigate, wet,
irrigator, sip iki,
douse (Finnish-Uralic)
irrigator, worker on
irrigation ditches,
š qûtu, šiq tu,
*zuriqtu, irrigation,
ri ibutu, irrigated
land, šaq tu, irrigated
area (Akkadian)
—˜¡´×µ, potízo, to
water, irrigate, nero,
potizo, ™¿µœ, ýdor,
water
(Greek)
§ , jur, water, to
water, à ئ¸,
vorrogel, to irrigate,
flood (Armenian)
në ujë, to water, ujë,
vadit, vadis, to
water, irrigate,
dabble (Albanian)
ura, garaztatu, to
water, ureztatze,
irrigation,
ureztatzeko, to
irrigate (Basque)
rigo-are, to
water, aqua-ae,
water
chun uisce, to water,
ujisce, water (Irish)
gu uisge (to water,
uisge, water (Scott)
i ddÙr, to water,
dÙr, water, dyfrio,
watering (Welsh)
ad acqua, to water,
acqua, water,
irrigare, to irrigate
(Italian)
eau, water, arroser,
to water, abreuver,
to drink (French)
wato, water
(Gothic)
to water [<OE
waeter], irrigate,
wet [<OE wæt]
8-5
riges (RibES),
Script Q854;
rigo (RIbÚ),
Script R65;
ricu (RICF),
Script MS24
See also APA,
APE, APEN,
water or to go
away?
watar,(Gen. sing.)
wadr/widen, w tt-,
water, wida, wet,
water, wetenas,
water, warsa, dew
(Hittite)
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shol kardan, «¬†- ÛÜ
to relax, sost kardan,
ârâm sodan, to relax,
ejâze dâdan «¬Ê¬ ÝÞÌßÊ
to let (Persian)
,
moduneba, to relax,
,
gaatavisuplon, to
release,
,
mokhsna, to loosen,
,
uplebis mitsema, to
let (Georgian)
tand, tanda, to
relax, give way;
zithilay, -yati,
–ithilayati or
–ithil karoti, to
relax, loosen,
slacken, to
loosen, relax;
iyasy, -syate,
to shrink, relax,
dwindle, loÅ, let,
allow
indur ru, release,
aš ru, to release,
išaru, loose (said of
the bowels), correct,
fair, just, in good
condition, favorable,
normal, regular,
ordinary, prosperous,
straight, aliktu,
looseness,
detachment of
soldiers, uššuru,
released, freed,
unattached, to
abandon, give up,
make flow, leave
fallow, leave alone,
to allow, permit, be
sent, dispatched, etc.,
abtu, released or
runaway prisoner,
zakû, to cleanse
ritually, use fine
materials, clear,
wash, to free, release,
etc. (Akkadian)
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¯ • ¯¾ ‘Žà ã,
dlia adpa”ynku, to
relax, “ŽÓ“ ±²,
vyzvali³, to release,
‹
‹ ±², kab
aslabi³, to loosen,
¯ Ó“˜ ±², dazvoli³, to
let (Belarusian)
opustiti se, to relax,
objaviti, to release,
popustiti, to loosen,
pustiti, to let (Croatian)
zrelaksowa³ si•, to
relax, uwolni³, to
release, poluzowa³, to
loosen, pozwoli³, to let
(Polish)
atpÔsties, to relax,
atbr vot, to release,
atrais t, to loosen,
lauju, åaut to let
(Latvian)
a se relaxa, to relax,
pentru a elibera, to
release, sÖ slÖbeascÖ, to
loosen, a lasa, to let
(Romanian)
rentoutua, to relax,
vapauttaa, to release,
löysää, to loosen,
antaa, to let (FinnishUralic)
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Á Ÿ ›
œÂ ž¡ž,
gia na chalarósete,
to relax, Ÿ
—ž ž 瞜 ž ,
na apeleftherósei, to
release, Ÿ
›
œÂ ž ,
na chalarósei, to
loosen, Ÿ è¢ ž ,
na afísei, to let
(Greek)
£ ؤ¥
¸,
hangstanal, to relax,
ê ¥
î ¨¦¸,
relaxo-are
azat ardzakel, to
release, ï ¸ 𠦸,
t’ulats’nel, to loosen,
ï ñ¸ ¥ ¸, t’uyl tal,
to let (Armenian)
për t'u òlodhur, to
relax, për të liruar, to
release, të liroj, to
loosen, te lesh, to let,
la, he let (Albanian)
lasaitu, to relax,
calm, sedate
(Basque)
a scíth a ligean, to
relax, to let, a
scaoileadh, to
release, loosen, a
mhaolú, to slacken,
a leigeil, to let
(Irish)
gus fois a ghabhail,
to relax, a leigeil ma
sgaoil, to release, a
leigeil, to let, gus a
dhol fodha, to
slacken, gus a
sguabadh ôs, to
loosen,(Scott)
i ymlacio, to relax,
loosen, i ladd, to
slacken, i ryddhau,
to release, i adael, to
let (Welsh)
rilassarsi, to relax,
rilasciare, to release,
allentare, to loosen,
lasciare, to let
(Italian)
se relaxer, to relax,
relâcher, to release,
desserrer, to loosen,
laisser, to let
(French)
relax [<Lat.
relaxo-are],
slacken, weaken,
release, loosen
[<ON lauss],
liberate [<Lat.
liberare], to let
[<OE lætan]
RILiS, Script
K54
8-6
letan, to let, allow
(Gothic)
A) tark, tarna, B)
tarkana, to let go, to
let, allow
(Tocharian)
lilai, to release, lae,
la, ladr/lan, to
loosen, release,
untie, relieve,
remove, tarna->
trna/trn,
tarnai/tarnanzi, to
release, let go, let
go, to leave
something, to allow,
to let loose,
dala/dali, let, to
leave, to let in peace
(Hittite)
dh rayati, to
cling, to keep,
anusandhatte, to
pry, vic, vinakti,
to
separate, esp.
grain from the
chaff; try,
examine; tul,
tolayati, to lift
up, weigh,
examine,
compare; ci
{cike3ti},
{cinoti},
{cinute}
({cayate}), to
observe,
perceive,
examine, try
chasbidan õ Ý‚Í÷øû
¬‰Ü , to cling,
âzmâyes, bâzjuyi,
âzmun,
examination
(Persian)
,
gach’ra gadat’ana, to
cleave onto,
,
gasashukeblad, to pry
(Georgian)
lat ku, examine
someone’s mood, to
question, to check
measurements,
calculations, to check
on work in progress,
to test, to put to a
test, to try, to try out,
to try to do
something, to
investigate, to be
circumspect, to
attemp (Akkadian)
•‘ ¾ •±² à ,
rasš”aplia³ na, to
cleave onto,
¾ ¯Œ •¯“ ±²,
padhliadva³, to pry
(Belarusian)
da se usidrite, to cleave
onto, piti, to pry
(Croatian)
rozszczepia³ si•, to
cleave onto, podwaüa³,
to pry (Polish)
šþelties uz, to cleave
onto, ievilkt, to pry
(Latvian)
pentru a se desprinde,
to cleave onto, a invada
spaÿiul personal, to pry
(Romanian)
päästä kiinni, to cleave
onto, räpyttää, to pry
(Finnish-Uralic)
Á Ÿ ¿ — ¡ž´,
gia na diaspasteí,
to cleave onto, Á
Ÿ !žè™Á˜ Ÿ, gia na
xefýgoun, to pry
(Greek)
¨" ¨È€,
kp’akvi, to cleave
onto, " ,
p’vordzel, to pry
(Armenian)
për t'u kapur, to
cleave onto,
për të qarë, to pry
(Albanian)
aztertu, to examine,
analyze, take
(Basque)
rimore-ari, to
cleave onto,
probe, pry;
examino-are, to
weigh, consider
chun dul ar aghaidh,
to cleave onto, chun
pry, to pry (Irish)
gus gluasad air, to
cleave onto, gu pry,
to pry (Scott)
i glynu ar, to cleave
onto, i pry, to pry,
profi, to prove,
demonstrate, taste,
try, examine probe;
holi, to examine,
inquire, ask, query,
question (Welsh)
aggrapparsi, to
cleave onto, fare
leva, to pry
examinare (Italian)
s'attacher ô, to
cleave onto, prier, to
pry, examiner
(French)
to pry [<ME
prien] into,
examine,
rimat, Script
TC331
8-7
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rí, king, ríocht,
kingdom, réimse,
realm, banríon,
queen (Irish)
rìgh, king, bhanrigh,
queen, rìoghachd,
kingdom, realm
(Scott)
brenin
(brenhinoedd), king,
monarch;
rhi, king, lord;
brenhiniaeth,
kingdom, brenhines,
queen, teyrnas
-oedd, kingdom,
realm (Welsh)
re, regno, king;
regina, queen;
regno, kingdom
reggere, to reign
(Italian)
reine, queen; rJgne,
reign; rJgner, to
reign, rule, hold,
sway, prevail; régir,
to rule, govern,
administer (French)
»# õ malake, sahbânu,
sahrbânu, queen,
sâh, ÝÌÜ¬Ê pâdsâh,
king; pâdsâhi, kesvar,
kingdom (Persian)
ahu, ahura, god, lord
(Avestan)
rAj, rAjati, -te,
rASTi; to reign,
rule, direct, be
master of,
shine, glitter, be
illustious or
eminent;
viraji, queen,
deva, divine,
heavenly; queen,
princess; rAjan,
king, ruler
erešu, queen, ekallu,
in *ša ekalli, wife of
a ruling king, janzi
(Kassite word), king,
šarru, to make
someone king,
šarr tu, to rule as
king, šarru, (when
reffering to
foreigners, often
petty king, tribal
chief), Regulus,
amm mu, usurper
king, amm ’u,
usurper king, rebel,
šarr tu, rule, royal
status, reign,
kingship, royalty,
n ru, rule,
domination,
crosspiece, yoke, part
of a door, etc., l tu,
rule, power, triumph,
victory, victorious
deed, victorious
might, b l tu,
rid tu, to rule, ma’û,
ruler, prince?, lu, in
b l li, prince,
šanukatu, queen,
šarratu, queen,
šarratuttu,
queenship, position
of a queen
(Akkadian)
“ , karalieva,
queen,
˜ ², karo$,
king (Belarusian)
karaleva, queen,
(Belarus)
kraljica, queen, kralj,
king (Croatian)
kraljica, queen (Serbo
Croatian)
dama, krolowa, queen,
król, king (Polish)
karaliene, queen,
þ%niÕš, king (Latvian)
reginÖ, queen, rege,
king (Romanian)
kuningatar, queen,
kuningas, king
(Finnish-Uralic)
´
, vasílissa,
basilissa, queen,
+
=V, Úasiliás,
Basilias, king
(Greek)
ï Ø £€ ,
t’aguhin, queen,
ï Ø È @,
t’agavory, king
(Armenian)
mbretëreshë, queen,
mbret, king
(Albanian)
errege, king,
erregina, queen
(Basque)
regnum-i, royal
power; rego,
regere, rexi,
rectum, to
guide, direct,
rule, govern;
regius-a-um,
of a king, royal,
regal, splendid,
magnificent;
regina-ae,
queen;
Rhenus-i, the
Rhine river
rin, Script
Z1203,
rina, Script
Z530, TC201,
K-10, K31,
K47, K70, K92,
K101, K108,
K147, K163,
queen
[<OE
xntawa, rule,
K181, S22,
cwen],
king
[<OE
kingship, xntawata,
DA-9
cyning],
ruler, king,
rine, Script N21,
xntawat(i), royal, of kingdom, to rule;
N53, N553,
the ruler,
tyrant [<Gk.
N624, Q488
xntawati(ye)
turannos, ruler];
rines, Script
(Lycian)
note: S-22 is used
Z1378
tbar, to rule, govern,
as
verb,
Xhe
tbaraman, ruling,
rino (RINÚ),
reignsX
governing,
N160,
tbaramahit ,
N260, N254,|
see also ren,
position of
N417
governing (Luvian)
rinor (RINÚR),
8-8
Script Z432
MUNUS.LUGAL,
hasusra, queen,
ryna Script Y-1
ishasra, lady,
rinu (RINF),
mistress, isha, lord,
Script Z960,
master, nasusara, a
K67
queen, LUGAL,
rinos (RINÚS),
hasu, king,
Z1571,
tbarna/tbarna, title
the Rhine river?
of a king,
hantawat,
hantawad(i), king,
supreme authority,
royal, hassueznae,
to be king,
hassuezziie/a,
hassuuezziie/a,
hassue, to become
king, hasuetsna,
royalty, hasuetsi,
royal status,
hantawadahit,
kingship,
hantawahit,
kingdom,
saladr/salan,
kingship, rulership,
greatness,
tapariie/a, to rule,
tbaria, ruling order,
(Hittite)
nad , river,
sarit, stream,
river; nAvya,
adj., navigable
rud, ¬…® river, juy,
stream, rudxâne,
river (Persian)
,
mdinare, river
, raka, river
(Belarusian)
Rijeka, river (Croatian)
rzeka, river (Polish)
upe, river (Latvian)
—˜¡=• , potámi,
river, revma, current,
kymatizo, stream
rivus-i
(Greek)
ئ¥@, gety, river
abhainn, river (Irish)
abhainn, river
(Scott)
afon-ydd, river;
glan-nau (glennydd),
river [<Lat. ripa,
bank], stream
[<OE stream]
shore [<ME,
shore], bank [<of
rio, riu (RIÚ),
Scripts Z317,
Z386, Z439,
Z508, Z1553,
Z1571, TC307
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(Georgian)
bank, shore, brink,
coast; traeth
-au, strand, shore,
beach (Welsh)
fiume, river, rio,
river (Italian)
riviJre, river
(French)
šijÒ, river, water
(Hurrian)
river
ikiši tu, river,
canal,kiš du, river,
ditch, canal, bank,
rim of a pot, edge of
a well, sea shore,
amulet or piece of
jewelry worn around
the neck, string of
beads, throat (of a
human being, a god,
or an animal, ofen
including the head
and shoulders), neck,
necklace, neck scarf,
etc. (Akkadian)
sâhel, Û`Ì shore,
daryâkenâr,
karâne, bâr, shore
(Persian)
kÔlam, shore,
udak nta, bank,
shore, tIra, shore,
bank, brim (of a
vessel); taTa,
slope, declivity,
shore, bank;
kUla, slope, hill,
shore, bank;
rodha,
obstruction,
restraint,
blockade,
dam, bank, siege,
shore
kalaha , to
quarrel, kalahAy,
-yate, to quarrel,
contend;
vigraha,
separation,
division,
isolation,
discord,
contest, quarrel,
war
with, RtIy, -yate,
to
struggle, quarrel
,
mdinaris nap’iri, river
bank,
,
nap’iri, shore
(Georgian)
a tu, shore, bank,
a ann , a enn ,
shore or bank, this
side, the nearer shore
or bank (Akkadian)
râu, river (Romanian)
joki, river (FinnishUralic)
‹ Œ
, bierah raki,
river bank, ‹ Œ,
bierah, shore
(Belarusian)
obala rijeke, river
bank, poduprijeti, shore
(Croatian)
brzeg rzeki, river bank,
wybrzeüe, shore
(Polish)
upes krastu, river bank,
krasts, shore (Latvian)
malul râului, river
bank, ~Örm, shore,
R•PÇ, shore, ravine
(Romanian)
joen penkka, river
bank, ranta, shore
(Finnish-Uralic)
(Armenian)
lumi, river
(Albanian)
¡œ=—ž× —˜¡ •ÂŸ,
trápeza potamón,
river bank, ¡¢,
aktí, shore revma,
current (Greek)
,
geti banky, river
bank,
,
ap’in, shore
(Armenian)
banka e lumit, river
bank, breg, shore
(Albanian)
Scand. orig.]
k \k*, river, the
8-9
Ganges?
(Tocharian)
hapa/i, river (Palaic)
hapina/i, little river,
stream (Luvian)
hapa, hapas, apa,
river, ÍD, river
(Hittite)
aripa-ae, shore,
bank
cladach, shore,
bruach na habhann,
river bank (Irish)
cladach, shore,
banca aibhne, river
bank (Scott)
lan, shore, glan yr
Afon, river bank,
afon-ydd, river;
glan-nau (glennydd),
bank, shore, brink,
coast (Welsh)
riva del fiume, river
bank, ripa, shore,
bank; ripare, to
protect, shelter,
repair (Italian)
rive, shore, berge de
rivière, river, abri,
shelter, abriter, to
shelter, cover; côte,
shore; (French)
shore [<ME
schore], bank
[<of Scand.
origin], to
shelter, bar (i.e.,
sand bar)
rios (RIÚS)
Script PM-6
ryo, ruo (R^Ú),
Script M8
rip, Script AE-8
riva (RIFA),
Script Z1310
rifin (RIFYN)
Script XC-1
see rio
8-10
wappu->
wapu/wapau, river
bank, pahsi, pahhas,
to protect, to graze
(Hittite)
daavâ,
to quarrel,
setize, gele, quarrel;
setize kardan, to
quarrel
(Persian)
, dava, dispute,
, k’amati, to
dispute, contest,
argue, debate
(Georgian)
alûtu, dispute, to
hold a disputation,
gerû, to start a
lawsuit, to be hostile,
to open up hostilities,
to make war
(Akkadian)
, svarycca, to
quarrel (Belarusian)
sva ati se, to quarrel
(Croatian)
køóci si , to quarrel
(Polish)
str d ties, to quarrel
(Latvian)
s se certe, to quarrel
(Romanian)
riidellä, to quarrel
(Finnish-Uralic)
€•‚€ƒ„…† ,
na diamartyrithoún,
to quarrel, filoniko,
brawl (Greek)
‡ ˆ, vech, to quarrel
(Armenian)
për të grindur,
diskutoj, to quarrel
(Albanian)
rixor-ari, to
quarrel, queror-ri-stus, to
complain,
lament, sing
(said of birds)
a rá, to quarrel
(Irish)
a bhith a 'creidsinn,
to quarrel (Scott)
cweryla (cweryl),
quarrel; cynhennu,
to contend, quarrel;
ffraeo, to quarrel,
ymgecru, to quarrel,
wrangle, bicker
(Welsh)
litigare, to quarrel
(Italian)
se disputer, to
quarrel, dispute,
discuter, to dispute,
guerre, conflict, war,
battle (French)
to quarrel
[<Lat.querela,
complaint], brawl
[<ME brall],
strident [<Lat.
stridere, to make
a harsh sound]
riseras, Script
M50
8-11
mugai, to complain,
oppose (Hittite)
kriya, vidhi ,
rite, ‰huti, any
solemn rite
âyin, rite, marasem,
Š‹ Œ• ceremony
(Persian)
,
rit’uali, ritual
Ž •, abrad, rite
(Belarusian)
obred, rite (Croatian)
obrz d, rite, ceremonia,
ceremony (Polish)
ritu‰ls, rite (Latvian)
•€…••‘•“•” ,
ierotelestía, rite, ,
teletourgikos,
ritual; teleti,
ceremony, •• “•…‘,
epistol, letter
ritus-us, usage,
ceremony, rite;
caerimonia-ae
holiness,
sanctity,
holy awe,
rite, rite (Irish)
aithris, rite (Scott)
defod-au, rite
(Welsh)
rito, rite (Italian)
rite, rite (French)
in due form, with
proper
ceremonies,
rite, ritual [<Lat.
ritualis, of rites]
devotion [<Lat.
rite, Script Z748
rito, ritu
(RITV),
Script Q351
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(Georgian)
kikki û, ritual act,
liptu, ritual act,
discolored spot,
affliction, touch (in
the physical sense),
sense of touch, craft,
accompanied by creation (of human
oblations; grhya, beings), handiwork,
adj. belonging to disease, epištu,
ritual, manufacture,
a house, the
evil magic, crew,
house-fire,
construction,
domestic rite or
RIT, rite (Romanian)
agricultural work,
rule; dhaman,
riitti, rite (Finnishhandywork, tillage,
act, kidudû, ritual
seat, home,
Uralic)
performance,
residence, law,
sacrifice, custom, pilludû, taqribtu,
taqr bu, n u, ritual,
rite; karman,
par u, rite, ritual,
action, deed,
temple office, divine
sacrifice, rite
authority, power, etc.,
purru–u, to perform a
rite, upš šu, rite,
ritual, magical action
or procedure, evil
machinations,
sorcery, witchcraft,
(Akkadian)
knuy, to wet,
moisten; ghr,
jigharti, to
sprinkle,
moisten; klid,
klidyati, to be or
become wet, wet,
moisten, soil;
prus, prusnoti,
prusnute, to wet,
moisten, sprinkle
anything on
oneself, sprinkle
about
œ • ž Ÿ, nama y ,
, t’eniani,
wet, moist (Georgian) moisten, paca, rasa,
dew (Belarusian)
ovla¡iti, moisten, rosa,
labku, adj.,
dew (Croatian)
moistening of the
soil, fresh (said of
zwilzyc, moisten, rosa,
bread, of plaster),
dew (Polish)
flexible (said of a
ROU¢, dew, umezi,
bow), lap tu, to
moisten (Romanian)
moisten with oil and
other liquids, to play kostuttaa, moisten, wet,
a stringed instrument, dampen, kaste, dew
(Finnish-Uralic)
to strike a chord, to
defeat, overthrow, to
be defeated, to write
down, to apply water
or fire, to commit a
sacrilege, etc.,
ta
u, to soak, to
moisten, sprinkle
(Akkadian)
el‰nu, oak, kanis oak,
all‰nk‰nis, oak,
tat tu, a variety of
oak and its wood
(Akkadian)
x•¬Ž, dub, oak,
- • ® • ¯œ°œ ,
cviordaja dra±nina,
hardwood, dra±nina,
wood (Belarusian)
hrast, oak, tvrda drvena
gra a, hardwood,
drvena, wood
(Croatian)
d²b, oak, drewno
li³ciaste, hardwood,
drewno, wood (Polish)
ozols, oak, cietkoksnes,
hardwood, koksnes,
wood (Latvian)
stejar, oak, lemn de
esen´ tare, hardwood,
lemn, wood
(Romanian)
reverence,
religious usage,
sacred
ceremony,
devoveo -vovere
vovi -votum, to
consecrate,
devote]
saklai, ceremony,
rite, law, custom,
customary
behaviour, rule,
requirements
(Hittite)
8-12
šabnam,
dew,
frost, hoarfrost, ݉le,
dew, hoarfrost,
tar
kardan,
namdâr
kardan, to moisten
(Persian)
blut, ¤¥¦§ oak, chub
sakhat, ª«‹ ¨¥©
hardwood (Persian)
, mukha, oak,
, khisti,
hardwood (Georgian)
sind£ra
(Greek)
— ˜ ™, tseser, rite
(Armenian)
ceremoni, rite
(Albanian)
devoveo -vovere
vovi -votum, to
consecrate,
devote], sacred
ceremony [<Lat.
sacro-are, to
dedicate to a god,
apostole, one of
the 12 disciples of
Christ [<Gk.
apostolos,
messenger]
ygraino, moisten
(Greek)
vesë, dew, lag, wet,
dampen, drench,
njomet, to moisten,
(Albanian)
busti, to moisten,
ihintz, dew (Basque)
roro-are, to drop
dew, drip, be
moist;
ros, roris dew,
moisture,
ruo, ruere, rui,
rutum, ruiturus,
to rush down,
fall, collapse, be
ruined, to rush
along, to hurl
down,
ruro-are, and
rurer-ari, to live
in the country,
rus, ruris, the
country, farm,
estate
x €‚µ, drys, oak,
“¶‘ƒ€· ¸†‘…, skliró
xýlo, hardwood
(Greek)
¹ º» ¼ ½
kaghnu mej, oak,
kaghnu, wood,
— ¾
º» ,
rubor-oris,
tsarratunk, hardwood hardwood, oak,
(Armenian)
quercus-i, oak
lisi, oak, dru i fortë,
hardwood, dru,
wood (Albanian)
haritz, oak,
hostozabalen,
hardwood (Basque)
drúcht, dew (Irish)
dew, dew (Scott)
gwlychu, to wet,
moisten, bedew,
drench, dip; lleitho,
to damp, moisten;
mwydo, to moisten,
soak, steep, irrigate,
macerate (Welsh)
inumidire irrorare,
to drop dew,
moisture; rugiada
ruiada, dew (Italian)
humecter,
humidifier; rosée,
dew (French)
ro, ru (RV),
Script Z1628,
N268, N339,
to drop dew [<OE
N357, N363,
daew, dew],
N738, BS-4,
moisten [<Lat.
PO-14?
mucidus, moldy];
ror, rur (RVR)
humidify [<Lat.
Script Z432;
humere, to be
roras, ruras
moist]
(RVRAS)
Script K31,
8-13
K109
See ror below
watar (Gen. sing.),
wetenas, water;
warsa, dew (Hittite)
darach, oak,
crua-adhmaid,
hardwood (Irish)
darach, oak, cruaidh
cruaidh, hardwood
(Scott)
derw, oak, pren
caled, hardwood
(Welsh)
quercia, oak, legno
duro, hardwood
(Italian)
rouvre, chêne, oak,
bois dur, hardwood
(French)
hardwood, oak
[<OE ‰c]
8-14
robaras
(RV8ARAS),
Script PL-15 (an
area of the
Piacenza Liver)
robris,(RV8RIS)
Script AV-2
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tammi-, oak, jalopuu,
hardwood (FinnishUralic)
³iloccaya , rock,
³il‰, stone,
k£¿a , crag,
agniprastara ,
araÀi , flint,
parvati, zilA,
rock, stone;
azan, stone,
rock, sky;
mahAzaila, great
rock or
mountain;
giripati, chief of
the mountains,
high mountain
or rock; dRSad,
rock, large
stone, esp. the
nether
mill-stone,
parvata, rocky,
rugged;
mountain
x
asmanaca, stone,
made of stone
(Avestan)
sang Á‹ xâre ÃÄ¥Å
rock, stone
(Persian)
, rok’i,
,
kva, stone,
, plint’i,
flint (Georgian)
abnu, ešû, etc., stone
(Akkadian)
…Æ, rok, rock,
Æ •ÇœŸ, kamieÈ, stone,
Æ É•ÇœŸ, kremieÈ,
flint (Belarusian)
stijena, rock, kamen,
stone, kremen, flint
(Croatian)
skaøa, rock, kamieÈ,
stone, krzemieÈ, flint
(Polish)
akmens, rock, stone,
kr ts, flint (Latvian)
stânc , rock, piatr ,
stone, cremene, flint
(Romanian)
rock, rock, kivi, stone,
piikivi, flint (FinnishUralic)
Ê€ËÌ…µ, vráchos,
brachos, rock, •Í•€
pétra, stone,
•‚€·‘ „…µ,
pyrólithos, flint
(Greek)
¾ºÎ, rrok’, rock,
Î ™ , k’ary, stone,
Ï ™ , shert, flint
(Armenian)
shkëmb, rock, guri,
stone, strall, flint
(Albanian)
rugus-i, funeral
pile, scupulosus,
rocky, silex-icis,
any hard stone,
such as flint,
crag, rock, cliff
r‰–¿ram, realm,
r‰jak ya,
belonging to a
king, Asura,
godlike,
powerful
rock [<ONFr.
roque],
boulder [<ME
bulder], stone
[<OE stan], cairn
[<ME carne, of
Celtic orig.,]
mound of stones
erected as a
landmark or
memorial, crag
[<ME crag]
flint [<OE]
8-15
rok (RVK),
Script TC170,
TC298
roca (RVCA)
Script Z1314
roce (RVCE)
Script J10-1
roco (RVCV)
Script Z1227,
Z1146
rocio (RVCIV)
Script TC90:
See also Petra
and sas, stone
kärwañ* [B
kärweñe] rock,
stone (Tocharian)
peruna, peru,
perun, rock,
perunant, rocky,
pasila, passilas,
pasilant, stone,
pebble, gem,
precious stone,
pasuela, stone
object (Hittite)
x
x
x
rudis-e, rough,
raw,
uncultivated,
unrefined,
unskilled,
awkward
ahu, ahura, god, lord
(Avestan)
r‰j‰, king,
r‰j‰rha, royal,
king, queen,
carraig, rock, cloch,
stone, flint, flint
(Irish)
creag, rock, clach,
stone, flint, flint
(Scott)
graig, craig
(creigiau), rock,
clegr-au, rock,
crag, cairn, stony
place; clog-au,
rock, precipice,
crag; tarren (tarenni
-ydd), knoll, rock,
fflint, flint (Welsh)
rocca, rock; roccia,
rock, fortress,
distaff; roccioso,
rocky, pietra, stone,
pietra focaia, flint
(Italian)
roc, rock, roche,
rock, boulder, stone,
stoney mass,
rocheux, rocky,
pierre, stone, silex,
flint (French)
Æ …ØŸ ,karoÙ, king,
Æ Øǯ Æ°,
karalie±ski, royal,
ÔÐÑÒ ÑÓ pâdeshâh, king, …ŽØ Ÿ, voblas ,
ÕÖÂצ‹ saltanati,
realm (Belarusian)
royal sâh, ÃÑÒ
pâdsâh, king; pâdsâhi, kralj, king, kraljevski,
royal, carstvo, realm
kesvar, kingdom
(Croatian)
(Persian)
król, king, królewski,
royal, królestwo,
šarru, to make
realm (Polish)
someone king,
Ú niÛš, king,
šarr tu, to rule as
karaliskais, royal,
king, amm mu,
valst ba, realm
usurper king,
(Latvian)
amm ’u, usurper
rege, king, regal,
king, rebel,
royal, t râm, realm
(Romanian)
l tu, rule, power,
kuningas, king,
triumph, victory,
kuninkaallinen, royal,
victorious deed,
valtakunta, realm
Ü “ ‘ ˵, Vasiliás,
Basilias, king,
Ê “ ‘ ¶·µ, vasilikós,
royal, Ê “”‘• …,
vasíleio, realm
(Greek)
Ý
༪ ,
t’agavory, king,
™Î Þ
,
ark’ayakan, royal,
™ —Î, taratsk’,
realm (Armenian)
mbret, king,
mbretëror, royal,
fushë, realm
(Albanian)
rex-regis, king,
ruler, prince,
regno-are, to be
a king,
regnum-i, royal
power,
monarchy,
kingdom,
regius-a-um,
royal, of a
kingdom
x
Rudus, name
(probably rodos)
rodos, rudos
(RVDVS) Script
AG-1; see roros
8-16
Rí, king, ríoga,
royal, réimse, realm
(Irish)
rìgh, king, rìoghail,
royal, rìoghachd,
realm (Scott)
reggere, to reign, re,
reale, royal, regno,
realm, kingdom
(Italian)
roi, king, régner, to
reign, domaine,
realm, royaume,
kingdom (French)
xntawa, rule,
kingship, xntawata,
ruler, king,
xntawat(i), royal, of
the ruler,
king, king, [<OE
cyning] regent
[<Lat.regere, to
rule], realm
[<Lat. regimen,
government]
8-17
roi (RVI) Script
Z606, Z1161,
Z1310, Z1334,
Z1386, Z1578,
Z1780, TC28,
TC179, AT-10,
L31, AM-3;
MS-1, AF19,
AM-3, FR-2,
L17, RA-4,
PQ-10
roial (RVIAL)
Script AT-10?
rois (RVIS),
Script Z1623,
BT-10
roim (RVIM),
Script Z1243
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xntawati(ye)
(Lycian)
tbar, to rule, govern,
tbaraman, ruling,
governing,
Tbaramahit ,
position of
governing (Luvian)
isha, lord, master,
LUGAL, hasu, king,
victorious might,
b l tu, rid tu, to
rule, ma’û, ruler,
prince?, lu, in b l
li (Akkadian)
x
AvAra, rakSNa,
guard,
protection,
rak–ati, rak–a, to
guard against,
watch, protect,
guard, keep, save
from, pAyu,
guard, protector;
vartula, adj.
round, a circle;
parijri, adj.,
running or
spreading round;
maNDalI, to
make or become
round; vITA, a
small round
pebble
, romshi,
Rome, x
,
roman, Roman
(Georgian)
pâsbân,
guard,
police, watch,
negahbâni, pâsdâri,
guard; pâs dâstan, to
guard; gerd, Δ, adj,
round (Persian)
, datsva, to
guard,
,
q’ureba, to watch,
, raundis
gak’eteba, to make
rounds (Georgian)
pid-, round, to turn
around, rotate, dance
(Hurrian)
ma artu, guard (as
an individual man
and as a detachment),
watch, garrison,
watchhouse, post,
lbarna/tbarna, title
of a king, hantawat,
hantawad(i), king,
supreme authority,
royal, hassueznae,
to be king,
(Finnish-Uralic)
hassuezziie/a,
hassuuezziie/a,
hassue, to become
king, hasuetsna,
royalty, hasuetsi,
royal status,
hantawadahit,
kingship,
hantawahit,
kingdom,
saladr/salan,
kingship, rulership,
greatness,
tapariie/a, to rule,
tbaria, ruling order,
(Hittite)
ß •, Rym, Rome,
•Ø®œ°œ, rymlianin,
Roman (Belarusian)
Rim, Rome, rimski,
Roman (Croatian)
rym, Rome, Rzymski,
Roman (Polish)
Roma, Rome,
Romiešu, Roman
(Latvian)
ROMA, Rome, român,
Roman (Romanian)
Rooma, Rome,
roomalainen, Roman
(Finnish-Uralic)
ßà ƒ, Rómi, Rome,
€ã 嶷µ, romaïkós,
Roman (Greek)
澺¼, Hrrom, Rome, Roma-ae, Rome
纼 , Rroman,
Rumina-ae, a
Roman (Armenian)
Roman goddess
Roma, Rome,
romak, Roman
(Albanian)
•Ø® Ž …œ , dlia
abarony, to guard,
ðØ®•õÇ Ÿ, hliadzie , to
watch, õ Ž° Ÿ
¯œ• ¯, zrabi
ra±nda±, to make
rounds (Belarusian)
uvati, to guard,
gledati, to watch,
napraviti runde, to
make rounds (Croatian)
chronic, to guard,
gwardia, guard;
ogl²da , to watch,
robi rundy, to make
rounds (Polish)
apsarg‰t, to guard,
skat ties, to watch,
izdar t k‰rt‰s, to make
rounds (Latvian)
a p zi, to guard, a se
uita, to watch,
pentru a face runde,
to make rounds
(Romanian)
var oida, to guard,
chun garda, to
guard, chun
féachaint, to watch,
chun babhtaí a
dhéanamh, to make
ö‚‘Ëã, na fyláo,
rounds (Irish)
rotundare, to
to guard,
ã, na
gu dìon, to guard, a
make round,
do, to watch,
caveo-ere, cavi, bhith a 'coimhead, to
¶Ë • ÷†€…‚µ, na
watch, a airson
cautum, to
kánei gýrous, to
beware of, guard cuairtean a
make rounds (Greek)
against, to be on dhèanamh, to make
ù ü þº» ü ¼ ™,
rounds (Scott)
one's guard
pahelu hamar, to
i warchod, to guard,
against,
guard, ÿ
þ, Ditel,
i wylio, to watch, i
custodia-ae,
to watch, ! ™" þ
watch, guard,
wneud rowndiau, to
º»™ ™, dardznel
sentry, custodio- make rounds
turer, to make
ire-ivi and -ii,
(Welsh)
rounds (Armenian)
-itum, to guard, a guardia, to guard,
per te ruajtur, to
defend, keep
guardare, to watch,
guard, për të parë,
fare giri, to make
watch
on,
to
to watch, për të
keep,
rounds, ronda,
bërë raunde, to
rounds, watch
runa-ae, a dart
make rounds
(Italian)
(Albanian)
garder, to guard,
regarder, to watch,
faire des rondes, to
make rounds, rond,
Róimh, Rome,
Rómhánach, Roman
(Irish)
An Ròimh, Rome,
Ròmanach, Roman
(Scott)
Rhufain, Rome,
Rhufeinig, Roman
(Welsh)
Roma, Rome,
Romano, Roman
(Italian)
Rome, Rome,
Romain, Roman
(French)
Rome,
8-18
to guard [<OFr.
guarder], ward
[<OE weard, a
guarding] watch,
[<OE w#ccan],
make the rounds,
make round?
[<Lat. rotundis]
gird [<OE
gyrdan, to
encircle with a
belt or hand];
compass [<OFr.
compasser],
detail, [<OFr.
piece cut off], an
item, military unit
designed to do a
special task
This word has yet
to be resolved.
8-19
Rom (RVM),
Script Z1216,
Z1310, Z1770,
F-14, S40
Roma, Script
Z1641;
Romhe
(RVMHE) or
RVM HE, F15
Romi, (RVMI)
Script Z1372,
Z1533, K173
Romna
(RVMNA),
Script F11;
Romia,
(RVMIA) Script
Au13
ron, run (RVN),
Script Z123,
Z224, Z530,
Z1600
rona, runa
(RVNA), Script
Z1615, Z1623
rone, rune
(RVNE)
Script Z1600
rons, runs
(RVNeS), Script
Z568, Z1430
ronem, runem
(RVNEM)
Script
Z1438, Z1654
roni, runi
(RVNI)
Script Z727,
Z769
ronis, runis
(RVNIS) Script
BT-18
rono, runo
(RVNV), Script
R314
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Ind -Eu pean Table 1, Et uscan v cabula y, with Ind -Eu pean c gnates
10 f 29
x
$watch% (name of a
feature of the lungs),
ma artu, in ša
ma arti, guard,
watchman, chief of
the guard, ma aru,
in rabi ma ar ,
guardsmen, official in
charge of the
guardsmen, watch,
a’ u, watchful,
said of gods and
demons, inspector,
spyhole, &at‰nu, to
protect, i nu,
utnu, protection,
andullu, andillu,
protection, cover,
canopy, lamassu, in
aw l lamassi,
divinely protected
person, lucky,
kidinnu, divine
protection (mainly
for the citizens of a
city), divinely
enforced security
(symbolized by a
sacred insigne),
kidinnû, protection,
adj., pertaining to
kidinnitu-protection,
kitru, in b l kitri,
protector, helper
(Akkadian)
katsoa, to watch,
tehdä kierroksia, to
make rounds (FinnishUralic)
x
x
http://www.ma av t.c m/Ind -Eu pean_Table1C.1.html
adj. round, circular,
rounds, (French)
pa, to protect,
(Luvian) pahsi,
pahhas, to
protect, to graze,
pahhas-> pahš-,
pahhaš- pahs,
pahsnu, to protect,
guard, defend,
observe, take care of,
to be watchful, to
keep people safe,
ront, runt
(RVNT) Script
Q453
ronto, runtv
(RVNTV)
Script Q683,
haliie/a, to watch
over, rounds,
wartana, auartana,
round, aikauartana,
for one round,
tierauartana, for
three rounds
(Hittite)
x
x
x
Ronai, woman's
name?
8-20
akno ,
p raya ,
pramava
(bh ), e
( ,), k amate,
able, be
šodán, +=Ò to be,
become, becoming,
come to, budán, + ¥§
be, being (Persian)
,
isini iknebian, they
will be (Georgian)
@Œ‹ sorx, \•Œ^
ghermex, red, Õ`Ä¥{
surati, pink (Persian)
, ts’iteli, red,
,
raktaka, adj., red, vardisperi, pink
bloody; atilohita, (Georgian)
very red;
uššû, illur nu, adj.,
pratAmra, adj.
red, illuriš, of a
deep red;
reddish hue,
lohitAy, -yati, to kalgukku, red
become or be
colored clay or
red, pi>kam,
mineral, ur uratu,
red dye, inza ur tu,
p‰¿ala , pink
red-dyed wool
(Akkadian)
®œ Ž¬•¬ Ÿ, jany
budu , they will be
(Belarusian)
oni e bit, they will be
(Croatian)
oni b da, they will be
(Polish)
viÛi b£s, they will be
(Latvian)
acestea vor ®, they
will be (Romanian)
he tulevat olemaan,
they will be (FinnishUralic)
ž
…œ , yrvony,
red, ¬|… , ru¡ovy,
pink, ¬| , ru¡a, rose,
•Ç•õŸ, mied}, copper
(Belarusian)
Crvena, red, ru¡i asta,
pink, ru¡a, rose
(Croatian)
czerwony, red, ró~owy,
pink, Ró~a, rose
(Polish)
sarkans, red, s‰rts,
pink, roze, rose
(Latvian)
ro•u, red, ROZ, pink,
Trandafir, rose
(Romanian)
punainen, red,
vaaleanpunainen, pink,
ruusu-, rose (FinnishUralic)
‚•… „ •
, aftoi
tha einai, they will
be (Greek)
,
nrank’ klinen, they
will be (Armenian)
ata do të jenë, they
will be (Albanian)
•… ¶·¶¶ …, to
kókkino, red,
roz,
, pink, se
(G eek)
, ka mi ,
ed,
,
va daguyn, pink,
, va dy, se
(A menian)
i kuq, ed,
ë,
pink. (Albanian)
erunt, they will
be
ufus-a-um, ed,
udy;
sa-ae, a se;
seus-a-um,
se
c l ed, sy
beidh siad, they will
be (Irish)
bidh iad, they will
be (Scott)
they will be,
byddan nhw, they
will be (Welsh)
8-21
saranno, they will be
(Italian)
seront, they will be
(French)
dea g, ed, bándea g,
pink (I ish)
dea g, ed pinc, pink
(Sc tt)
c ch-i n, hudd
-i n, ed, pinc pink
(Welsh)
ed [<OE ead],
ss , ed, sa,
uddy [<OE
pink, sa, se
udig];
(Italian)
pink [<OE
uge, ed, se,
pincen], ca mine
se, pink (F ench)
[<Med.Lat.
ca minium]
k
i, eddish,
having the c l u f 8-22
a m nk’s be
(T cha ian)
mita, miti, mitas,
ed, esha uahh, t
make bl d- ed
(Hittite)
Ronai (RVNAI),
Script BS-6 see
Apronia
ront, runt
(RVNT) Script
Q453, J48
ph, uph
(RV ),
Q543
se, use
(RVSE)
Sc ipt Z865
ufas (RVFAS),
Sc ipt Au33
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Ind -Eu pean Table 1, Et uscan v cabula y, with Ind -Eu pean c gnates
11 f 29
x
x
x
x
http://www.ma av t.c m/Ind -Eu pean_Table1C.1.html
x
x
R sitia, p bably
a pe s n's name
based up n the
"ia" suffix
R sitia
(RVSITA),
Sc ipt PO-11
8-23
g mya,
j napada, u al,
tiliGga, nepAla,
bAlhi, f
a c unt y;
u Ina a, f a
pe ple a
c unt y; vide a,
a f egin
c unt y, ab ad;
pa ade a, f eign
h stile
c unt y, p thiv ,
ea th (gl be)
dah'yunãm [dah'yu],
c unt y, pe ple, land,
egi n, auuah, pen
space, am [-] å,
ea th, land (Avestan)
kesva , milhan,
ustâ,
st ki,
€•‚ mamlekat,
c unt y,
ma d m,
pe ple, amin, ƒ„‚…
ea th (Pe sian)
, s plis,
u al, (Ge gian)
eše, ea th, kaw -,
†aw - ea th, land
(Hu ian)
išru, u al dist ict,
edurû, u al
settlement, hamlet,
ki ru, ea th (sac ed
place), m tu,
c unt y, h me
c unt y, p pulati n
f a c unt y, flat
space, ab aja, adj.,
c ming f m the
c unt y, k du, pen
c unt y, egi n
utside a city,
utside (Akkadian)
am [-] å, ea th, land
(Avestan)
emkesva , milhan,
ustâ, c unt y, amin,
ƒ„‚… ea th (Pe sian)
de¯a°, c unt y, a
t act f land,
k aka°, peasant,
g ma°, village,
p thiv , ea th,
the gl be, dha ,
ea th, tiliGga,
nepAla, bAlhi, f
a c unt y;
u Ina a, f a
pe ple a
c unt y; vide a,
a f egin
c unt y, ab ad;
pa ade a, f eign
h stile
c unt y.
,
kalakga e,
c unt yside,
,
kveq’ana, c unt y,
, glekhi,
peasant,
,
dedamits’a, ea th
(Ge gian)
qi(u) a-, q±w - ,
q - , ea th, land
(U a tian)
eše, ea th, kaw -,
†aw - ea th, land
(Hu ian)
ki ru, ea th (sac ed
place), er etu, ea th
(in a c smic sense),
k du, pen c unt y,
egi n utside a city,
utside, eperu, ea th,
l se ea th, deb is,
dust, scales, e,
‡ˆ‰Š‡‹Œ• Ž•‡•o•Œ‡•Š,
sie‘skaja miasc vas“,
u al, ‹”Œ•–Œ, k aina,
c unt y, ‰—˜™•, liud i,
pe ple (Bela usian)
u alna, u al, emlja,
c unt y, na d, pe ple
(C atian)
wiejski, u al, k aj,
c unt y, lud ie, pe ple
(P lish)
lauku, u al, valsts,
c unt y, cilv›ki, pe ple
(Latvian)
u al, u al, œa •,
c unt y, ameni,
pe ple (R manian)
maaseudun, u al, maa,
c unt y, ihmiset,
pe ple (FinnishU alic)
‡ˆ‰Š‡‹Œ• Ž•‡•o•Œ‡•Š,
sie‘skaja miasc vas“,
c unt yside, ‹”Œ•–Œ,
k aina, c unt y,
‡•‰•–‡‹•, sialianski,
peasant, ™•Ž‰•,
iamlia, ea th
(Bela usian)
sel , c unt yside,
emlja, c unt y, seljak,
peasant, Zemlja, ea th
(C atian)
wie¯, c unt yside,
k aj, c unt y, chø p,
peasant, Ziemia, ea th
(P lish)
lauk s, c unt yside,
valsts, c unt y,
emnieks, peasant,
eme, ea th (Latvian)
mediu u al,
c unt yside,
œa •, c unt y, œ• an,
peasant, p•mânt, ea th
(R manian)
maaseutu, c unt yside,
maa, c unt y, ea th,
tal np ika, peasant
(Finnish-U alic)
žŸro ¡¢£¤,
ag tikós, u al,
¥¦rž, Chó a,
c unt y, §¨©rª«o¡,
Anth p i, pe ple
(G eek)
¬
, ye ki y,
c unt y, land, ea th,
,
gyughakan, u al,
® ,
Zh gh vu d, pe ple
(A menian)
fshata , u al,
vend, c unt y,
nje ë , pe ple
(Albanian)
²³o†´, ex chí,
c unt yside,
¥¦rž, Chó a,
c unt y, pat ida,
ypaith , c unt y;
ag tik s, u al,
†ªr¡¢£¤, ch ikós,
peasant, ٵ, gi, ea th
(G eek)
- , gyughum,
c unt yside, ¬
,
ye ki y, c unt y,
ea th,
- ¶ ,
gyughats’i, peasant
(A menian)
fshat, village,
fshata , peasant,
bujqës ,
ag icultu al,
vend, c unt y, t kë,
ea th (Albanian)
-a e, t d p
dew, be m ist;
u -a e, and
u e -a i, t live
in the c unt y,
us, u is, the
c unt y, fa m,
estate, te a-ae,
ea th, d y ea th,
land, c unt y,
h m -inis,
human being,
man, pe ple
us, u is, the
c unt y, fa m,
estate; udise-e,
ugh, aw,
uncultivated,
unskilled
usticus-a-um,
c unt y, u al,
paganus-a-um,
bel nging t a
village, u al,
ustic, a village ,
c unt yman,
te a-ae, ea th,
land, s il
tuaithe, u al,
da ine, pe ple, tí ,
c unt y (I ish)
dùthchail, u al,
da ine, pe ple,
dùthaich, c unt y
(Sc tt)
gwledig, u al,
c unt ified, c unt y,
ag a ian, p bl,
pe ple, gwlad,
c unt y (Welsh)
u ale, u al,
pe s ne, pe ple,
na i ne, c unt y,
paese, c unt y,
village, land, egi n
(Italian)
u al, u al, gens,
pe ple, pays,
c unt y, land,
nati n, h me
(F ench)
u al [<Lat. us.
c unt y], pe ple
[<Lat. p pulus]
8-24
im(a) a/i, pen
c unt y (Luvian)
kim a, c unt yside,
utd s, field,
milta y campaign,
udniant, pe ple,
p pulati n,
udne/udni, utn›->,
land, c unt y,
kitsuwatna? watna,
land, KUR, land,
KUR.KUR, lands
(Hittite)
tuath, c unt yside,
tí , c uunt y,
tuathánach, peasant,
talamh, ea th (I ish)
dùthaich,
c unt yside,
c unt y, tuath,
peasant, talamh,
ea th (Sc tt)
gwlad, c unt y,
gwledig, u al,
c unt ified, c unt y,
ag a ian, gwe in,
peasant, ddaea ,
ea th (Welsh)
campagna,
c unt yside, u ale,
u al, fa m; ustic
fa mh use, ustic,
na i ne, c unt y,
c ntadin , peasant,
paese, c unt y,
village, land,
paesan , village ,
peasant, u al,
c unt y, te a, ea th
(Italian)
campagne,
c unt yside, u al,
c unt y [<LLat.
c nt ata]
c unt yside,
peasant [<LLat.
pagensis], ea th
[<OE e the]
ustic [<Lat.
usticus]
N te: See "t
sac ifce" bel w
(Sak a), f
Hittite w d
wattani(ya)-,
"sac ed h lding,"
in which case the
place called
Kitsuwatna
w uld efe t
" pen land that is
a sac ed
h lding."
(RVR),
Sc ipt, Z432
as (RVRAS),
Sc ipt K31,
K109;
s, u us
(RVRVS)
Sc ipt AG-1
s, us (RVS)
Sc ipt R542,
AT-2;
usa (RFSA)
Sc ipt TC108;
p bably esa
RUSTA
(RVSTA),
Sc ipt F-6
8-25
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Ind -Eu pean Table 1, Et uscan v cabula y, with Ind -Eu pean c gnates
12 f 29
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u al; ustique,
ustic, pays, c unt y,
paysan, peasant,
te e, ea th (F ench)
m ta , te it y, s il,
a ea v lume,
immunusu, a kind f
ea th (lit. female
ea th), imnitûa, a
kind f ea th (lit.
male ea th)
(Akkadian)
athanemi, the
im f a cha i twheel;
athacak a,
cha i t wheel,
cak am, wheel
chax a, wheel
(Avestan)
cha x, ca xe ·¸¹
wheel, ge d, fa mân,
wheel (Pe sian)
dew , wheel,
ci cle (Ku dish)
, sach’e, wheel
(Ge gian)
atartu, wheel disk
( f a wag n), ºuppu,
wheel, metal ti e,
metal ing, allak
(Kassite w d),
wheel im, felly,
umbu, wag n
wheel, wag n d ay,
wazu ru, desc ibing
wag n wheels
(Akkadian)
xa b, ÃĸŠuined,
khâ , Å b amble
kha âbi, uin
(Pe sian)
, chashlis, t
uin,
,
dang euli, uined
(Ge gian)
im(a) a/i, c unt y,
pen c unt y
(Luvian)
kim a, c unt yside,
utd s, field,
milita y campaign,
udne/udni, utn›->,
land, c unt y,
kitsuwatna? watna,
land? KUR, land,
KUR.KUR, lands
(Hittite)
‹o‰Œ, k la, wheel
(Bela usian)
k l , wheel (C atian)
k ø , wheel (P lish)
kelan, wheel
(Baltic-Sud vian)
itenis, wheel (Latvian)
at•, wheel, ROTA,
tate
ROTI, t
(R manian)
pyö ä, wheel (FinnishU alic)
ŒÆÇ–Œ, aÈyna,
b amble,
‡ÉŒÊÇ‹–ˆ••Œ,
kaÁÂakigulma°,
spatykniecca, t uin
b amble, n ¯a°,
(Bela usian)
lab ru, uined (said
uin, n ¯ayati, t
f p ivate buildings,
kupina, b amble,
dest y,
past, cust ma y,
annihilate,
uništiti, t uin
uins, ffe ings, used, (C atian)
defile, inju e,
etc.,
gam
ru,
t
be
ve th w, dhv ,
cie Ë, b amble,
dhva ati, t bend, annihilated, t spend,
ujn wa“, t uin,
t
b
ing
t
an
end,
t
cause t fall,
nis c yc, uina,
be settled, etc.,
uin; bh am ,
uiny, ujn wac,
amaridu, b amble,
bh a ate,
uin (P lish)
arb tus, uin,
bh a yate, t fall, devastati n, flight,
b amble, b amble?
d p, b unce
ut, abt ti, uins,
pa udin t, t uin
ab tu, dest y
against, sink,
(Latvian)
buildings,
bjects,
lay
decline, decay,
m• •cine, b amble, a
waste, uin a egi n,
disappea , be
uina, t uin
epû, uin, t smash,
l st; cause t
(R
manian)
epudiate, w eck,
fall, th w d wn,
b amble,
dest y, inju e, etc.,
uin, dest y;
ka hunvatukka,
al qu, a uin,
lup, lumpati
b amble, pilata, t uin
ar bu, uin,
(-te), t b eak,
dese ted place,
(Finnish-U alic)
ha m, inju e,
namû, t bec me
uined, lie in uins, be
attack, plunde ,
aband ned, t lay
c nsume,
waste, etc., *karmu,
dest y, uin
uined?, karmu, uin,
heap, karm tu,
namûtu, uins, t fall
»¼½§, da, wheel,
ro†o¾, t ch ú,
wheel, Ÿ¿rÀzª,
gy í , tu n, vee ,
tate (G eek)
, aniv, wheel
(A menian)
të, tim n, wheel
(Albanian)
th, wheel (I ish)
cuibhle, th, wheel
(Sc tt)
lwyn-i n, wheel,
cycle; h d-au,
wheel, bit,
ecliptic (Welsh)
u ta, wheel
(Italian)
ue, wheel
(F ench)
ta-ae, wheel
c kkä [B c kkä ]
wheel (T cha ian)
hurgi/horgi, wheel
(Hittite)
gu pil, wheel
(Basque)
a wheel [<OE
hwe l], cha i t
[<Lat. ca us-i, a
f u -wheeled
vehicle, wag n
[<MDu. wagen]
h p, [<ME h p],
a ci cula band
used t bind
t gethe staves f
a ba el,
s mething that
esembles a h p,
ta y, f
inv lving tati n
[<Lat. ta,
wheel]
t, ut (RVT),
Sc ipt Z138;
ta (RVTA),
Sc ipt Z1168,
Au22;
tas (RVTAS),
Sc ipt K124
tas (RVTaS),
Sc ipt BT-11
te (RVTE),
Sc ipt Z89;
teu (RvTEF)
Sc ipt M24;
8-26
ÌÍ o¤, vát s,
b amble, ¨ž
¢ž žÎ rÏЪ,
na katast éps , t
uin (G eek)
Ñ Ò , bakhum,
b amble,
Ó
,
k tsanum, t uin
(A menian)
taçe, b amble, pë të
shkatë ua , t uin,,
ënim, dest ucti n,
ën ja, uins,
(Albanian)
uina, uin,
suntsit ek , t
dest y (Basque)
ubeus-a-um, f
a b amble;
ub - is,
edness,
m desty, shame,
disg ace; ubeta
- um, b amble,
thickets;
uina-ae, falling
d wn, c llapse,
uin, dest ucti n
b amble, b amble,
sc i s, t uin (I ish)
b amble, b amble, a
thilgeil, t uin
(Sc tt)
mia en (mie i),
b amble, b ia ,,
adfail (adfeili n),
uin; mu ddun- d,
uin, uins; andwy ,
t sp il, uin, und ,
ha m, ma ;
(Welsh)
vet , b amble
bush; vina e, t
uin, t c umble
d wn (Italian);
nce, b amble,
uine , t w eck,
uin (F ench)
kat [B keta],
dest ucti n, kä t
[B kä st -], t
dest y, cut ff
(T cha ian)
qã(n)-, t dest y
(Lycian)
uined, b amble
[<OE b aembel];
ma [<OE
mie an, t
damage, deface
sp il]
scatte [<ME
scatte en],
catast phe,
sudden calamity,
vat , uvat
disaste , [<Gk.
(RV8ATV)
katast ph›],
Sc ipt Q139
ha y [<OE
he gian, t aid,
sack, t distu b
ann y by c nstant
attacks], ha ass,
[<OF . ha e , t
distu b i itate
pe sistently, t
wea ut, exhaust,
8-27
harnink->, hrgnu,
deleo, t dest y,
harknu, t uin,
hargadr,
dest ucti n,
lawar(ia), t
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into ruins, abut,
ruined, decayed,
mu, ruined, to see
the day of one’s ruin,
d šu, destroy, to
trample upon, thresh
barley by stomping
on it, damtu,
destruction?, šag šu,
to be ruined, to
murder, to be
murdered, slaughter,
etc., šagšu, ruined,
slain, afflicted,
šulputu, ruined,
defiled, desecrated,
ša luqtu , ruin,
destruction, disaster,
catastrophe, šu û,
ruined?, destroyed?,
ruin, to destroy
(Akkadian)
x
x
x
x
x
u râ, -as, him, her,
pron.; ân, ân,
ân ciz, pron. it
(Persian)
xodas, xodas râ,
himself, herself,
pron. (Persian)
x
despoil, pipa/pip,
destroy, to knock
down, to tear down, to
overturn, to turn up, to
throw up, #hara,
destroy, to pound
(Hittite)
x
go, jego, jemu, mu,
him; ja, jej, her; ono,
to, it (Polish)
SA, herself, to her
(Romanian)
go, jego, jemu, mu,
him; ja, jej, her; ono,
to, it (Polish)
x
x
i tij, e tij, të tija, i
tiji, e tija, të tijtë, të
tijat, his, pron.;
atë, asaj, i saj, e saj,
të saj, her, pron.; i
tij, i saj, i veti, e
vetja, its, pron.
(Albanian)
Robigo (Rub)
-in,
Robiscus (Rub)
-i, a diety
invoked
x
to preserve grain
from mildew
rubeo-ere, to be
red, to blush,
se or sese
ai vetë, vetë,
himself, pron. ajo
vetë, veten [e saj],
vetes [së saj], vetë,
herself; vetë, itself,
pron. (Albanian)
se or sese, acc.
sing. and pl. sui,
genit. sibi, dat.,
se or sese, abl.
or reflex. pron.
3rd pers.,
himself,
herself, itself,
themselves
x
Sabelli-orum,
the Sabines;
vellus-eris, a
fleece, skin or
hide
suo, sua, suoi, sue,
refl. pron. (Italian)
sa, poss. adj. his,
her, its, one's
(French)
ei hun, hunan,
himself, herself,
itself (Welsh)
se, if, conj. whether,
provide, in case,
providing; se, reflex.
pron.; si, reflexive
pronoun; indef.
pronoun, reciprocal
pronoun (Italian)
se, reflex. pron.
(French)
x
Rub-i, a diety
invoked to
preserve grain
8-28
reflexive pronoun
or poss. adj.
8-29
reflexive
pronoun,
himself, herself,
itself, oneself,
themselves
8-30
Sabines?
Reflexive sa +
vellus?
rub (RV8)
Script N268,
N476, N607
rub (RF8),
PL-16 (this is an
area of the
Piacenza Liver)
sa, ScriptZ522,
Z842, Z1317,
TC12, TC28,
TC201, TC307,
K103, Au17,
AN30, TC103
se, Script Z77,
Z102, Z1310,
J23, K11, K122,
Q805, R26,
R127, BT31,
Au40, BB-3
Se, Script
MS13, S-1,
K117, K130,
Z24
sese, Script
Q424,
Q661, Q767
si, Script Q56,
Q283, Q303,
R40, R53,
R195, G13,
G45, TC170,
K46, K52, M50,
AB-6, AN-53,
PG-1, ZB-1,
Z79, Z104,
Z139, R176,
Q53, Q283,
Q303, R39,
R53, R173,
R195, G13,
G36, TC170,
K46, K52, M50,
AB-7, AN-53,
PQ-2, XT-5
sabels
(SA8ELeS)
Script TC103
8-31
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b lu , sand,
cumbanam,
cumbati, to kiss,
kUrpa, sand;
saikata, sandy,
sandy soil,
sandbank;
pAMsu, dust,
sand; sikatA,
sand, gravel;
niMs, to kiss
mâse, rig, sen,
sand, buse
kiss
(Persian)
, kvisha, sand,
, k’otsna, to
kiss (Georgian)
, piasok, sand,
, calava , to
kiss (Belarusian)
piasek, sand,
pocaøowa , to kiss
(Polish)
smiltis, sand,
nosk pst t, to kiss
(Latvian)
nisip, sand, a s ruta, to
kiss, (Romanian)
hiekka, sand,
suudella, to kiss
(Finnish-Uralic)
, ámmos, sand,
ۥ , na
filísei, to kiss
(Greek)
‚ƒ‚„, avaz, sand,
…‚†‡ˆ‰Š‹Œ,
hamburel, to kiss
(Armenian)
rërë, sand, për të
puthur, to kiss
(Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.1.html
saburra-ae, sand
used as ballest;
savior-ari, to
kiss
gaineamh, sand,
póg, to kiss (Irish)
gainmheach, sand,
gus pòg, to kiss
(Scott)
tywod, sand, i
cusanu, to kiss
(Welsh)
sabbia, sand, bacio,
kiss, baciare, to kiss
(Italian)
sable, sand, baiser,
kiss, embrasser, to
kiss (French)
sand [<OE sand]
to kiss [<OE
cyssan]
8-32
sabo; savo
(SA8V), Script
K58
saf ( SAF)
Script CF41
kuas, kiss, kuuass,
kuuasnu, to kiss
(Hittite)
guni, •‘ “ sack; jib,
kif, purse, kise, ”•–
bag, sack, billfold,
purse (Persian)
, chanta, bag,
, t’omara,
sack,
,
chantashi, purse
(Georgian)
azamillu, sack
(netlike), kursinnu,
leather sack, imtu,
kunzu, luppu,
leather bag, k su,
bag, leather bag for
stone weights and for
a merchant’s silver,
go• , canvas
capital, silver kept in
sack, puŽam,
a bag for deposit
bag, bhastra,
banking, treasury,
bag, sack,
bellows; topara, gur bu, bag,
small bag, purse, reinforcement around
an earthenware jar,
me•a , sheep,
naruqqu, bag, sack,
me•acarman,
a dry measure, etc.,
sheepskin
kaniktu, kan ku,
sealed bag, mašq tu,
leather enema bag,
naruqqu, sack, bag,
dry measure, a type
of business
investment society,
patnu?, sack,
takaltu, bag, pouch,
stomach, part of the
exta, udû, sack,
container, equipment,
term for household or
luxury goods, zurzu,
double pack sack
made of goat hair,
item of apparel
(Akkadian)
yajati, to
sacrifice,
tyak.h,
§uddha, pure,
clean
ýaozhdâ-2] ýaozhda
dhâiti [ýaozhdâ]
purify, to cleanse,
purification for a
sacrifice (Avestan)
¨©ª« ¬‘ ª- qrbany
kardan, to sacrifice,
hâdoxt, sacrifice,
espand, pâk, ®¯
sacred, pure, virginal
— ˜ , miašok, sack,
™— , sumka, bag,
˜ › , kašaliok,
purse (Belarusian)
vre a, sack, torba, bag,
torbica, purse
(Croatian)
worek, sack, torba,
bag, portmonetka,
purse (Polish)
maisas, bag, sack,
(Lithuanian)
maiss, sack, soma, bag,
maku, purse (Latvian)
kalikis, bag,
(Baltic-Sudovian)
SAC, sack, bag, pung ,
purse (Romanian)
säkki, sack, laukku,
bag, kukkaro, purse
(Finnish-Uralic)
° ±
,
achviarava , to
sacrifice, ²³ ´³, µysty,
pure (Belarusian)
¶rtvovati, to sacrifice,
µist, pure (Croatian)
zrtva, zrtvovati, to
sacrifice
(Serbo-Croatian)
po§wi·ci , to sacrifice,
czysty, pure (Polish)
sventas, sacred
(Baltic-Sudovian)
upur¸t, to sacrifice, t rs,
€ œ , sákos, sack,
•€ • , tsánta, bag,
ž Ÿ•
, portofóli,
purse (Greek)
¡‚Š¢, park, sack,
£ˆ¡Š‚¢, toprak,
bag, ¤¥‚¢¦, k’saky,
purse (Armenian)
sacculus-i
thes, sack, çantë,
bag, qese, purse
(Albanian)
sack, sack, mála,
bag, sparán, purse
(Irish)
sac, sack, bag, bag,
sporan, purse (Scott)
ffetan-au, sack, bag,
sach-au, sack, pwrs,
purse (Welsh)
sacco, sack, borsa,
bag, purse (Italian)
sac, sack, bag,
bourse, purse
(French)
poltsa, bag, zakua,
sack, poltsan,
diruzorro, purse
(Basque)
maisas, bag, sack
(Hittite)
¹º€ €• ,
na thysiásei, to
sacrifice, œ ¹ Ÿ ,
katharos, pure,
€œ»• , skétos,
plain, pure (Greek)
„ˆ…‚‡‹Š‹Œˆ‰
…‚†‚Š,
zohaberelu hamar, to
sacrifice, †‚¤ˆ‰Š,
mak’ur, pure
(Armenian)
te sakrifikosh, to
a íobairt, to
sacrifice, íon, pure
(Irish)
airson ìobairt, to
sacrifice, fìor-ghlan,
pure (Scott)
i aberthu, to
sacrifice;
affrymu, to offer,
sacrifice, immolate,
pur, pure (Welsh)
sacro, sacred, holy,
sacrificio, sacrifice,
sacrificare, to
sacro-are, purus,
pure, clear
sack [<Gk.
sakkos],
purse [<Gk.
bursa,
leather],
bag [<ON baggi]
8-33
sac, ScriptZ317,
Z328, Z1139,
Z1825, Z2192,
Z290, Z317,
Z386, Z463,
Z540, Z638,
Z842, Z872,
Z922, Z937,
Z960, Z1065,
Z1106, Z1292,
Z1662, CP56
sacev, saceu
(SACE8), Script
N100
saco (SACV)
Script CP-57
Note: based on
the Welsh
declension,
sach-au, "E8;"
this may be the
case -ibus in
Latin.
to sacrifice,
[<Lat. sacro-are],
offer [<Lat.
offerro
oferre, obtuli,
oblatum]
8-34
See also 6-40,
Purify
sakra, Script
N311,
N378,
sakre, Script
Q303, Q311,
Q375, Q416,
Q481, R258,
R270, R405
sakreo, sakreu
(SAKREV),
Script R40
sakreu, sacrev
(SAKRE8),
Script N598
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immaculate (Persian)
, shets’iro, to
,
sacrifice,
ts’minda, pure
(Georgian)
ellu, sacred, holy,
free, noble, clean,
pure, markasu,
sacred object,
designation of a
sacred object, center,
link, bond of a wall,
rope, cable of a boat,
closure of a door,
ki ru, sacred place,
earth, amru, sacred
precinct, sacrifice,
gištaggû, meštagû,
kiša û, a sacrifice,
itpu, a type of
sacrifice, kapru, a
type of sacrifice and
the platter for it,
alpu-a, to sacrifice a
bull, immeru, to
sacrifice or slaughter
a sheep, niqê-a’, to
establish sacrifices,
naqû, to sacrifice, to
offer sacrifices
repeatedly, to shed
blood, tears, pour a
libation, etc., nad nu,
to offer a sacrifice, a
gift, hand over a
document, to create,
surrender, extradite,
sell, to be sold, do
business, take an
oath, deliberate, etc.,
niqû, sacrifice,
offering, ta tiptu,
sacrificial
slaughtering, zebû,
to slaughter, sacrifice,
elliš, in a pure
fashion, brilliantly,
ellu, pure, sacred,
noble, free, holy,
clean, ebbu, pure
(religiously),
polished, shining,
lustrous, clean, holy,
trustworthy, proper,
el lu, to become
pure, become free of
debt by royal decree,
to purify, make pure,
keep pure, to
consecrate to a diety,
to make free, cleanse
oneself, to be
purified, ell tu,
purity, ella-mê, pure
rites, divine garment,
kupartu,
purification,
išipp tu, purify, to
perform a ritual
purification, kap ru,
to purify magically,
to rub, to be rubbed,
to clean objects, to
smear on (a paint or
liquid), to be
smeared, to wipe off,
(Akkadian)
pr jña , sage,
wise, ¼•i , holy,
xratêush [xratu],
wisdom (Avestan)
aghi, ½- ¾ wisdom,
¿À ©ªÁ kheradmand,
wise, sage; payâmbar,
sacrifice, puro, pure
(Italian)
sacré, adj., sacrifice,
sacrifier, to sacrifice,
pur, pure (French)
•tär (adj.) [B
astare], pure
(Tocharian)
pure (Latvian)
s sacrifice, to
sacrifice, pur, pure
(Romanian)
uhrata, to sacrifice,
puhdas, pure (FinnishUralic)
˜ ÂÃÄ, šalfiej, sage,
—™Å±³, mudry, wise,
± ± , prarok,
prophet, ± Æ ± Ç Ã ,
wattani(ya)-,
sacred holding,
sipantahhi,
sacrifice, uppi, pure,
sacred, sopiah,
sacrilize, to purify,
sopa, sacrilized
meat, suppiiahh, to
purify, sopi/sopai,
sopiant, sacred,
purified, suppies,
sopies, to become
purified, sopisrant,
being purified,
sopiesr/sopiasr,
sopiadr/sopian,
purity, warpanla,
sacrificial offering,
sheep, to sun god
and moon god,
prkuiadr/prkuian,
prkuemr,
purification
(Hittite)
sacrifice, i pastër,
pure (Albanian)
ÈÉÊËÈ, SOFÓS,
sage, wise,
žŸ
•Ì , profítis,
prophet, seer
(Greek)
sagax-acis, keen,
acute, shrewd,
clever;
saga-ae, a
prohetess,
saoi, sage, ciallmhar,
wise, fáidh, prophet,
seoltóir, seer (Irish)
glic, sage, wise,
fàidh, prophet,
a sage [<Lat.
sapere, to be
wise];
sapienta-ae,
wisdom], prophet
sage (SAbE)
Script Q224
sagi (SAbI)
Script N573,
Q162
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peyqambar, prophet,
•Í ÎÏ•Ð pishguyi,
prophecy, prediction
(Persian)
, brdzeni,
wise,
,
ts’inasts’armet’q’veli,
prophet,
,
mnakhveli, seer
(Georgian)
kati, of an
ancient sage;
kenipa, a sage;
surarsi, a divine
sage, rajarsi, a
royal sage; kavi;
adj., wise,
thoughtful, a
wise man, seer,
sage, poet;
siddhadeza,
laksanika,
fortune-teller,
prophet
sustha , aroga ,
aruj adj., free
from disease,
sound, healthy,
well; aroga,
health, healthy,
viroga, health,
healthy;
ayusmant, adj.,
healthy, bhisajy,
-jyati, to heal,
cure
šišu, sage, wise,
igigallu, wise person,
adapu, angallu,
wise, eršu,
ummuqu, adj., wise,
erš tu, wisdom,
apkallu, wise man,
palkû, wise, vast,
learned, extensive,
broad, emqu, wise,
skilled, educated,
experienced, wily,
n mequ, skill,
cunning, experience,
knowledge, m rešu,
wisdom, knowledge,
mudûtu, wisdom,
information,
knowledge, mudû,
wise, learned,
competent, expert,
expert in a specific
craft, knowledgeable,
person known,
acquaintance,
m rešu, wisdom,
knowledge, itp šu,
kabzuzu, wise,
expert, šalb bu,
wise, furious, raging,
mu, wise, knowing
one, tašimtu,
wisdom, common
sense, prudence,
practical intelligence,
judgment, uznu,
wisdom, handle,
understanding, part
of plant, attention,
uznu, in ša uzn ,
wise person
(Akkadian)
healthy,
sâlem ØÙ
tandorosti, sâlamat,
Ú Û health
Ü© ÝÞ behboodi, to
cure (Persian)
,
jansaghi, healthy,
,
gank’urneba, to cure
(Georgian)
melammu, health,
glow of good health,
awe-inspiring sheen
(inherent in things
divine and royal),
supernatural,
radiance, namru,
good health, in fine
shape, healthy, etc.,
min tu, health,
proportions, size,
etc., na šu, healthy,
prosperous, lusty,
bul û, to heal a
disease, esû, to heal,
qâšu, to bestow good
prazorliviec, seer
(Belarusian)
kadulja, sage, mudar,
wise, prorok, prophet,
vidovnjak, seer
(Croatian)
szaøwia, sage, mÑdry,
wise, prorok, prophet,
jasnowidz, seer
(Polish)
salvija, sage, gudrs,
wise, pravietis,
prophet, redz¸t js, seer
(Latvian)
salvie, sage, înÒelept,
wise, profet, prophet,
clarv z tor, seer
(Romanian)
salvia, sage, viisas,
wise, profeetta,
prophet, näkijä, seer
(Finnish-Uralic)
ÆÅ ± ³, zdarovy,
healthy, Å
²ßãã ,
dlia liaµennia, to cure
(Belarusian)
zdrav, healthy,
izlijeµiti, to cure
(Croatian)
zdrowy, healthy,
wyleczy , to cure
(Polish)
vesel gs, healthy,
iz rst¸t, to cure
(Latvian)
åNSæNæTOïI, to heal,
SæNæTOS, healthy, a
vindeca, to cure
(Romanian)
terve, healthy,
parantaa, to cure
(Finnish-Uralic)
¥‚Œ‚¤‚Š, salak’ar,
sage, £‹¥ˆÔˆ‰…ÕÖ,
tesoghuhin, seer,
†‚Š×‚Š‹Ö,
margaren, prophet,
Õ†‚¥£ˆ‰Ö, imastun,
wise (Armenian)
i urtë, sage,
parashikues, seer,
profet, prophet, i
mençur, wise
sherbelë (Albanian)
fortune teller;
vates-is, a
prophet, seer,
catus-a-um,
sharp, cunning
osasuntsu, healthy,
sound, wholesome,
sendatu, to heal, cure
(Basque)
[<Gk. profitis],
to test, make wise
[<OE w s] seer
[<ME]
8-35
op䧧i (adj.) [B
epastye], clever,
skilled (Tocharian)
salbia, sage,
jakintsu, wise,
zentzudun, wise,
sensible, sane,
considerate (Basque)
ºð , ygiís,
ygieinos, healthy,
¹•Ÿ ž•ô€• , na
therapéfsei, to cure
(Greek)
‚õˆÔö, arroghj,
healthy, ‡ˆ‰÷‹Œ,
buzhel, to cure
(Armenian)
shëroj, to heal/cure; i
shëndoshë, healthy,
për të kuruar, to cure
(Albanian)
fiosaichean, seer
(Scott)
saets, sage, doeth,
wise, proffwyd-i,
prophet, gweledydd,
seer (Welsh)
saggiare, to try, test;
saggio, sage, wise,
profeta prophet, seer
(Italian)
sauge, sage, wise;
assagir, to make
wiser, to steady;
prophète, prophet,
voyant, seer
(French)
saih, S-50
See also cato
(CATV),
catos, catus
(CATVS), cate,
cates, kate, kati,
kato (KATV).
tahs (dahs?), to
predict, htant,
clever, intelligent,
wise (Hittite)
sannus, healthy
sano-are, to
heal, cure,
restore,
repair;
sláintiúil, healthy, a
leigheas, to cure
(Irish)
fallain, healthy, slàn,
adj. whole, sound,
healthy, slànaighear,
saviour, healer,
airson leigheas, to
cure (Scott)
iach, healthy, yn
dda, well, i wella, to
cure (Welsh)
sano, salutare,
healthy, sanare, to
cure, heal, reclaim,
remedy, settle,
curare, to cure
(Italian)
sante, health, sain,
healthy, guérir, to
cure (French)
healthy? health:
[<OE haelan],
hale [<ON heill,
sound in health]
8-36
sains, Script
TC170
sana, Script
N660,
sani, Script
AF-17, XR-3
sano (SANV),
Script Q500,
R270,
sans, Script
AL-8,
R653, TB-1
sanvos
(SAN8VS)
Script K17
sanim, Script
AN35
darie/a, to heal,
cure, an action to
cure an ill person,
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health, make a votive
offering, etc.,
nabl u, healing,
life-giving, na šu,
to be in good health,
prosper, etc., šal mu,
health, well-being,
untruth, welfare of a
country, etc.,
šulm nu, health,
gift, well-being,
retaining fee, etc.,
šalmu, healthy,
sound, in good
condition, correct,
safe, etc., šulmu,
health, well-being,
completeness,
ceremony of
greeting, peace,
safety, etc.
(Akkadian)
§ l , hall zAlA,
hut, house, hall,
room, stable;
sabhA, house or
hall for public
meetings, court
or palace of a
prince
av_ra; otâq, xâne,
jâ, room, sâlon, ùÙ
hall (Persian)
, darbazi,
hall (Georgian)
appad nu(u), a
colonnaded audience
hall (Akkadian)
latsiah, cure, to
make right, to
repair, to give a
favorable sign
(Hittite)
Æ , zala, hall
(Belarusian)
dvorana, hall
(Croatian)
hol, hall, sala, room,
(Polish)
halle, hall (Latvian)
hol, SALæ, hall
(Romanian)
sali, hall (FinnishUralic)
û¹ º€ , aithousa,
diadromos, hall
(Greek)
ü‚…ŒÕþ, dahlich,
hall (Armenian)
sallë, hall, korridor,
hallway (Albanian)
atrium-i, hall,
entrance, room:
namak, ÿ!‘ salt
(Persian)
, marili, salt
(Georgian)
lava•am,
lava•a-, salt, to
salt, ak• r,
natural salt
x
, so$, salt
(Belarusian)
sol, salic, v. imp.
btu, salt, btu, in (Belarus)
sa bti, salt dealter, sol, salt (Croatian)
am nu, red salt,
slan, so, usoliti, salt
šittu, salted, dried
meat, šak nu, to salt, (Serbo-Croatian)
Sól, salt (Polish)
preserve, pledge,
salis, salt (Balticprovide, place in
Sudovian)
fetters, appoint,
dimension, weight,
s ls, salt (Latvian)
etc., midlu, process
SARE, salt (Romanian)
of salting meat, fish, suola, salt (Finnishma, salt marsh
Uralic)
(Akkadian)
x
x
, álas, salt, alati,
salt (Greek)
‚Ô, agh, salt
(Armenian)
kripë, salt; krip,
kripos, to salt
(Albanian)
sal, salis,
salsus-a
-um, salted,
salty, hence,
sharp, biting,
witty; adv.
salse
halla, hall (Irish)
talla, hall (Scott)
llys-oedd, law or
royal court; neuadd
-au, hall; plas-au,
hall, mansion,
palace (Welsh)
sala, hall (Italian;
salle, hall (French)
salann, salt (Irish)
salann, salt (Scott)
halen, salt, hallt
(heilltion), salt,
salty, brackish,
severe (Welsh)
holen, salt (Breton)
sale, salt, wit
(Italian)
sel, salt, salé, adj.
salty (French)
hall [<OE heall],
room [<OE rum];
corridor [<OItal.
corridore], salon
[<O Ital. sala]
8-37
salt [<OE sealt]
8-38
natana, dance,
pantomine,
n¼tyati, dance,
nartayati, to
dance, tark, to
turn
´ ã
, tancava ,
to dance,
,
skaka , to jump,
±™Y³
, kru¶ycca,
to whirl,
±ã™
,
paviarnucca, to turn,
±™ Ç , kruci , to
twist (Belarusian)
, tsek’vaven, plesati, to dance, za
to dance,
,
skok, to dance, vrtjeti
kht’oma, to jump,
se, to whirl, okrenuti,
, ts’vima, to
to turn, da se uviti, to
whirl,
,
twist (Croatian)
chartot, to turn,
ta\czy , to dance,
, ironia, to
skaka , to jump,
twist (Georgian)
wirowa , to whirl,
skr·ci , to turn,
pid-, dance, rotate,
skr·ci , przekr·ci , to
sal, Z1274,
Z1282, Au25
salso (SALSV)
Script Z648)
sal, salt (Illyrian)
sále, salt (Tocharian)
x
x
x
Salini, person's
name
8-39
raghs, %-& dance,
pâykubi, raqsidan,
¨¿•*-& to dance,
paridan, =ªÐ jump
(mhmany v ghyrh)
dvrh) (>ª•@ D •‘ !Þ )
>&D© whirl (Persian)
sale Script AB-1
SaLE, Script
K13;
salo (SALV)
Script L25
^ Ÿ»` º ,
na chorépsoun, to
dance, ð
žÌ{ €• , gia na
pidísei to jump,
ðºŸû|}, gyrízo, to
turn, whirl, rotate
(Greek)
¡‚Š‹Œ, parel, to
dance, ~‚£¢‹Œ,
ts’atkel, to jump,
, shnch’el, to
whirl,
, shrjel,
to turn,
,
hegnank’ov, to twist
(Armenian)
për të kërcyer, to
dance, to jump, të
salto-are,
torquo-,
torquere, torsi,
tortum, to twist,
wind, curl,
wrench, to
distort, to hurl
violently, whirl,
to rack, torture,
torment, plague,
try, test,
damhsa, to dance,
chun léim, to jump,
casadh, to turn,
twist (Irish)
dannsa, to dance,
gus leum, to jump,
gus tionndadh, to
turn, a 'giùlan, to
whirl, airson
gluasad, to twist,
rotate (Scott)
i ddawnsio, to
dance, neidio, to
jump, leap, bound,
throb, bounce, i droi,
to turn, i chwistrellu,
to whirl (Welsh)
ballare, to dance,
to dance [<OFr.
danser], sing with
gestures, vault
[<Lat. volvere, to
turn] to jump or
leap over,
whirl,[<ON
hvirfla], turn
[<Gk. tornos,
lathe], gyrate
[<Lat. gyrare], to
revolve.
Salini, name?
Script TC71,
TC279
Salinis, Script
TC290)
salt (TC179)
8-40
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twist (Polish)
daina, dance, dainot,
to dance (Baltic
Sudovian)
gâšu, dance, to whirl, dejot, to dance, l kt, to
g štu, whirl-dance,
jump, pavirpties, to
kulu’u, dancing,
whirl, pagriezties, to
performing dances
turn, v rsties, to twist
and music, member
(Latvian)
of the temples dansezi, to dance, s
personnel (of štar),
gar ru, turn, to turn sari, to jump, SALT,
or roll over, to roll, to jump, la vârtej, to
roll over, ša u, to
whirl, a intoarce, to
jump, attack, escape, turn, s se r suceasc ,
twitch, etc., raqqidu,
to twist (Romanian)
jumper, dancer,
tanssimaan, to dance,
raquddu, dancer?,
hypätä, to jump,
riqdu, riqittu,
pyörrä, to whirl,
šu ru, dance,
(Akkadian)
kääntyä, to turn,
vääntää, to twist
(Finnish-Uralic)
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saltare, vi. to jump,
vault, explode;
danza, dance, girare,
to turn, whirl
(Italian)
danser, to dance,
danse, dance, sauter,
to jump, leap,
bound, explode,
tourner, to turn,
faire tournoyer, to
whirl,
(French)
round, to turn around
(Hurrian)
rrotullohet, to whirl,
për t'u kthyer, to
turn, të kthesh, to
twist (Albanian)
dantza, dance,
dantzatu, to dance,
salto egin, dance,
jauzi egin, to dance
(Basque)
tark, to twist around
(TocharianB)
tar(k)u, tarku, to
dance, tarueskla,
dancer, uatku,
uatkunu, to jump,
watku, jump, to
jump out of, flee,
watkunu, to jump,
to make someone
jump, flee (Hittite)
pâ, leg, foot,
panje, cangâl, paw,
rân, salang,
thigh (Persian)
, pekhi, leg,
, pekhit, foot
(Georgian)
ja gh , leg,
p da , foot,
ayatha, leg, foot;
caritra, foot, leg
pavitrayati, to
sanctify,
pavitr…karoti, to
sanctify,
consecrate,
pun ti, to
hallow, sanctify,
dIkS, dIkSate, to
be consecrated,
pu†gha, holy
uri, kur , kure-, qur ,
ugri-, uri-, foot
(Urartian)
kur-e, kure-li, foot,
feet, u-kr , foot, leg,
ugri, foot (Hurrian)
kursinnu, leg, lower
leg of animals and
human beings,
fetlock, *gudgudu,
leg, lower leg part, of
the lower leg of a
quadruped, ameru,
foot (Kassite word),
kur û, foot fetters,
links, ki ru, in ša b t
ki ri, footman (lit.
man from the
storeroom or pantry),
(Akkadian)
pâkdâman, pâk,
avize, holy,
pâk, maghaddas, ‡ˆ‰Š
holy (Persian)
,
gants’mendet, to
sanctify,
,
ts’mindani, saint,
, ts’minda,
holy (Georgian)
ebbu, holy, lustrous,
shining, trustworthy,
proper, pure
(religiously),
polished, clean, ellu,
holy, sacred, free,
noble, clean, pure,
elliš, pure, in a pure
fashion, brilliantly,
(Akkadian)
, nožka, leg,
,
fut, foot (Belarusian)
noga, leg, foot
(Croatian)
€•‚, pódi, leg, foot
noga, leg, stopa, foot
(Greek)
(Polish)
ƒ , votk’, leg, foot
k ja, leg, p da, foot
(Armenian)
(Latvian)
këmbë, leg, foot
picior, leg, foot
(Albanian)
(Romanian)
jalka, leg, foot
(Finnish-Uralic)
‹Œ•Ž ••, asvia‘a“, to
sanctify, ‹Œ• ”,
sviatoj, saint, holy
(Belarusian)
posve“ivati, to sanctify,
svetac, saint, svet, holy
(Croatian)
poswiecic, consecrate,
u•wi–ci“, to sanctify,
•wi–ty, saint, holy
(Polish)
sv t…t, to sanctify,
sv tais, saint, sv ts,
holy (Latvian)
s sfin—easc , to
sanctify, sfânt, saint,
holy (Romanian)
pyhittämään, to
sanctify, pyhimys,
saint, pyhä, holy
(Finnish-Uralic)
˜™ ™›‚œ•Ÿ‚,
na agiásei, to
sanctify, œ›‚ V,
ágios, saint, holy
(Greek)
¡ ¢ ,
srbats’nel, to
sanctify, £ ¤ ¡,
Surb, saint, holy
(Armenian)
për të shenjtëruar, to
sanctify, shenjt,
saint, i shenjtë, holy
(Albanian)
crus, cruris,
shin, shin- bone,
leg of a bridge,
pier, support;
pes, pedis, foot
cos, leg, chos foot
(Irish)
chas, leg, bonn, foot
(Scott)
coes-au, leg, shank,
droed, troed (traed)
foot, clun-iau, hip,
haunch, thigh, leg;
hegl-au, leg, shank
(Welsh)
zampa, leg; piede,
foot (Italian)
jambe, leg, pied,
foot (French)
leg [<ON lleggr],
paw [OFr. powe,
of Gmc. orig.],
foot [<OE f„t]
pajamas, sleeping
trousers with
jacket [<Hindi
p ej ma]
sam, Script
Z842, Z1770,
AN54
pede/i, foot (Lycian)
8-41
pata/i,pada/i, foot
(Luvian)
pad/pd/pda, foot,
pdlha, foot, soul of
a foot,
pdala, leg wrapping,
egdu, leg (Hittite)
sancio, sancire,
sanxi, sanctum
[sancitum]
a shaothrú, to
consecrate, sanctify,
to sanctify, naomh,
saint, naofa, holy
(Irish)
a choisrigeadh, to
consecrate, gu bhith
naomhachadh, to
sanctify, naomh,
saint, holy (Scott)
i gysegru, to
consecrate
sancteiddio, to
sanctify, hallow,
sant, saint,
sanctaidd, holy
(Welsh)
consacrare, to
consecrate, per
santificare, to
sanctify, santo, saint,
holy (Italian)
to consecrate
[<Lat.
consecro-are],
sanctify, make
inviolable, ratify,
holy [<OE h lig]
santi, Script
Z1282;
santis, Script
Z1337
8-42
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sanctifier, to
sanctify, saint, saint,
holy (French)
sipantahhi, I
sacrifice; uppi, pure,
sacred, sopi/sopai,
sopiant, purified,
sacred, suppiiahh,
sopiah, to purify, to
sacrilize, suppies,
sopies to become
purified, sopisrant,
being purified,
sopiesr/sopiasr,
sopiadr/sopian,
purity, sopi(e)sra,
purified woman,
priestess (Hittite)
harze, ¥¦§ ¨©ª vash,
to weed, jodâyi, duri,
gosixtegi, separation
(Persian)
, hou, to hoe,
,
grechikhas, to weed
(Georgian)
svahastika, hoe,
hatchet;
kudd la , hoe,
uddharati, to
weed
x
« ¬-••, pušy“, to
hoe, « ® ••, palo“, to
allu, kullu,
weed (Belarusian)
narbaquhoe, hoe,
za kopanje, to hoe,
ap tu, a light hoe,
na korov, to weed
a zu, e zu, a thin
(Croatian)
hoe, šelliptu, a type
do motyk, to hoe, do
of hoe, ar ru, to
chwastów, to weed
dig with a hoe, allu,
in ša alli,
(Polish)
hoe-wielder, rap qu, s m nânci, to hoe, la
to hoe, break up the
buruieni, to weed,
soil, išin eqli, weed,
(Romanian)
išbabtu, weed or
kuokka, hoe, mattock,
grass, šar mu, to
weed, trim, prune, cut kitkeä, to weed,
to size, break open a kuokkia, to hoe
(Finnish-Uralic)
seal, etc., kasmu,
weeded, pulled, cut
up, k simu, weeder,
kismu, weeding,
wab ’u, to be full of
weeds, wabû, grown
wild, full of weeds
(Akkadian)
x
x
˜™ •¯™ œ˜°,
na skapáni, to hoe,
•Ÿ ±‚±œ˜‚™, se
zizánia, to weed
(Greek)
²
¤²³ ¤ ,
het’anosut’yun, to
hoe, ´
µ ƒ,
molakhot, to weed
(Armenian)
për të kapur, to hoe,
për të korrur, to
weed (Albanian)
sario [sario]-ire,
-ui
and-ivi, to hoe
to hoe [<OFr.
houe, of Gmc.
origin], weed
[<OE woed],
harrow [<ME
harwe], a farm
implement to
break up ground
hatara, hoe (Luvian) 8-43
sarra, to separate,
sarpa, a sickle;
sarh, to attack,
tsahel(i), weeds
(Hittite)
zulatu, to hoe, aitzur,
hoe, belarrean, to
weed (Basque)
x
le fiaith, to weed, go
hoe, to hoe (Irish)
gu càil, to weed, gu
h-àrd, to hoe (Scott)
i hoe, to hoe, i
chwyn, to weed
(Welsh)
zappare, to hoe, a
erba, to weed,
sarchiare, to weed
(Italian)
houe, to hoe,
sarcler, à l'herbe, to
weed (French)
x
x
SaRAN,
Script R79 ·
reflexive verb,
ran? third
person pl.?
Sarina, name of a
queen
8-44
upala , round
stone, pebble,
parvati, zila,
rock, stone;
azan,, stone,
rock, sky;
mahazaila, great
rock or
mountain;
giripati, chief of
the mountains,
high mountain or
rock; drsad, rock,
large stone, esp.
the nether
mill-stone ragg,,
raggati, to move
xshvash, six
(Avestan)
sang, ¸¹º stone,
gowhar, kolux],
sangsâr kardan, to
stone, shesh, »¼ six
(Persian)
, kva, stone,
, k’ench’i,
pebble,
, ekvsi,
six (Georgian)
šeše, six (Urartain)
šeže, six (Hurrian)
ajara u (see
urija½u), abnu, ešû,
¾¿ •, kamieÀ, stone,
Á ®• , haÂka, pebble,
¬Ã‹••, šes“, six
(Belarusian)
kamen, stone, šljunak,
pebble, šest, six
(Croatian)
kamieÀ, stone, kamyk,
pebble, sze•“, six
(Polish)
akmens, stone, olis,
pebble, seši, six
(Latvian)
piatr , stone, prundiÄ,
pebble, ÅASE, six
(Romanian)
kivi, stone, pebble,
kuusi, six (Finnish-
ÆÇÈ™, pétra, stone,
É™Ê˯‚, chalíki,
pebble, ÆÌ‚, éxi, six
(Greek)
Í, k’ary, stone,
ΡÍ, aghby,
pebble, ¢Í, vets’y,
six (Armenian)
guri, stone, guralec,
pebble, gjashtë, six
(Albanian)
harri, stone, arroka,
rock, sei, six,
(Basque)
cloch, stone,
méaróg, pebble, sé,
six (Irish)
clach, stone,
cladhach, pebble,
sia, six (Scott)
carreg, stone, cerrig,
pebble, chwech, six
lapis-idis , stone; (Welsh)
saxum-i, rock,
pietra, stone,
stone, sex, six
ciottolo, pebble,
saasso, sie, six
(Italian)
pierre, stone,
caillou, pebble, six,
six, (French)
sar, Script
Z1853,
TC28
sari, Script
Z981,
saris, Script
Z776,
saro (SAR¶),
Script Z1282
sarrom
(SARR¶M),
Script Z572,
Z1378;
sarroms
(SARR¶MS),
Script Z543;
stone [<OE stan],
cobble (<ME
cobelstan, a
naturally rounded
rock used for
paving
streets], rock
[<ONFr. roque]
six [<OE siex]
Sarina, Script
K46
See Note (1)
sas, Script
TC150;
sase, Au49;
see petra
8-45
peruna, a rock
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan vocabulary, with Indo-European cognates
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hither and
thither, rock;
pasana, stone;
adri, rock, stone,
esp. bruising
or hurling stone,
mountain, cloud,
ÏaÏ, six
stone, kurgarr nu,
kurumtu, leek,
karašu, mar ušuetc,
a stone, šeššet, six,
(Akkadian)
Uralic)
Ö × Œ ®Ø••,
zadavoli“, to satisfy,
Ö « Ù •••, zapaÚnia“,
to fill (Belarusian)
zadovoljiti, to satisfy,
ispuniti, to fill
(Croatian)
zaspokoi“, to satisfy,
wypeøni“, to fill
(Polish)
lai apmierin tu, to
satisfy, piepild…t, to fill
(Latvian)
pentru a satisface, to
satisfy, SAÛ, satiety,
SÜTURA, to saturate,
a umple, to fill
(Romanian)
dap ru, to become
tyydyttääkseen, to
sated, to satisfy,
ap lu, satisfy, to give satisfy, täyttää, to fill
satisfaction, satisfy a (Finnish-Uralic)
legitimate demand,
šib’u, satiety, šab ’u,
satisfied, sate person,
šebû, to satisfy, to
quench one's thirst,
hunger, to fill, etc.,
šebû, adj., sated,
šab ’u, sated person,
satisfied, akp pu, to
become full, sated
(Akkadian)
xshnaoma,
satisfaction (Avestan)
erzâ kardan,
ÑÒ©Ó ÔÕ¦ to satisfy,
por kardan, ÑÒ©Ó © ,
âgadan, to fill
(Persian)
,
daak’maq’opilos, to
satisfy,
,
pÐrayati,
abhidhi, to
shevseba, to fill
satisfy, fill, sanni (Georgian)
kr, appease,
satisfy, tarpayati, kapp-, to fill a vessel
to satiate
(Hurrian)
pary pta,
enough
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.1.html
bas, be andâze, kâfi
ãå Ó enough (Persian)
,
sak’marisi, enough
(Georgian)
matar, in la matar,
enough, no more,
adv. (Akkadian)
× ‹
Π,
dastatkova, enough
(Belarusian)
dovoljno, enough
(Croatian)
dosyc, enough (Polish)
pietiekami, enough
(Latvian)
suficient, enough
(Romanian)
tarpeeksi, enough
(Finnish-Uralic)
(Hittite)
˜™ ‚¯™˜
‚Ý•Ÿ‚,
na ikanopoiísei, to
satisfy, ˜™ ›ŸÞË•ß,
na gemíso, to fill
(Greek)
¡
,
bavararel, to satisfy,
¢ , lrats’nel, to
fill (Armenian)
për të kënaqur, to
satisfy, plotësoj, to
fill (Albanian)
a shásamh, to
satisfy, a líonadh, to
fill (Irish)
gus a bhith
riaraichte, to satisfy,
a lìonadh, to fill
(Scott)
i fodloni, to satisfy,
digoni, to suffice,
satisfy, i llenwi, to
fill Welsh)
saziare, to satiate,
per soddisfare, to
satisfy, riempire, to
fill (Italian)
satisfaire, to satisfy,
remplir, to fill
(French)
suna, suwa, to fill
(Palaic)
satio-are, to
satisfy, fill
bete, to fill, occupy,
fulfill, betea, to
become full, asetzea,
to become sated
(Basque)
satis or sat,
enough,
sufficiently,
fairly,
quite; compar.
satius, better,
more
™È¯ŸÇœ, arketá,
advantageous;
eparkis, enough
satine, satin =
(Greek)
satisne,
¡
æ , bavakan,
introducing
enough (Armenian)
questions, i.e., is
mjaft, enough
it not right? satis
(Albanian)
(or sat) ago or
satago -agere, to
satisfy or pay a
creditor, to have
enough to do,
have one's hands
full
to satisfy, [<Lat.
satisfacere, to
give
satisfaction], fill
[<OE fyllan]
suwai, sunnae
/sunnanzi,
sunna/sunn,
suue/a, sunniie/a,
8-46
so, suna/sun, soa,
sue/a, to fill,
sumreske/a
(somreske/a?), to
become filled,
because of
pregnancy,
sunumesr, filling,
klank, to satisfy,
hassik(ka)nu, to
satiate, hassikk, to
satiate oneself,
isp i->, ispai/ispi,
ispae, ispiie/a, to be
satiated, ispan,
ispiy tar, satiatian,
abundance,
ispiianu, to saturate
(Hittite)
Go Leor, enough
(Irish)
gu leòr, enough
(Scott)
digon, adj., gwala,
enough,
filled (Welsh)
abbastanza,
sufficienza, quanto
basta, enough
(Italian)
assez, suffiisant,
enough
(French)
enough, [<OE
gen„g]
sufficient
[<Lat. sufficioficere-feci
-fectum, to put
under, supply]
8-47
sat, Script Z865,
sata, Script
Z391, ¶G-3
sate, Script
N324;
sati, Script
Z865.
sato (SAT¶),
Script R554
sataro
(SATAR¶)
Script ¶G-3
satan, Script
Q26
satane, Script
Q30
satina, Script
K148
satene, Script
K100, K168,
S-10, S32
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vaptç, sower,
•Ðkar…, var h…, to
sow, v…jam,
b…jam, seed,
x
• ÈÆ™V, sporéas,
sower, ˜™ • ŸËÈ ñ˜
kâštan, èê¼ Ó to sow,
x‹¿”ðØ , siejbit, sower,
• €È ñV, na
kasht kar, Õ Ó îïÓ
« ‹¿••• ‹¿ ¿,
sower (Persian)
speíroun spórous, to
pasieja“ nasiennie, to
,
sow seed, •œÇñÈ V,
sow seed (Belarusian)
sátyros, Satyr
shtamomavali, sower,
seja‘, sower, sijati
(Greek)
, sjeme, to sow seed
´ , sermer,
teslis datesva, to sow (Croatian)
sower,
´
seed (Georgian)
siewca, sower, sia“
¢
¤
´ ,
ziarno, to sow seed
serm ts’anelu hamar,
mazrû, sowing
(Polish)
to sow seed
basket, zarû, sow
s j js, sower, s t
seed, broadcast, to
(Armenian)
s
klas,
to
sow
seed
scatter, sprinkle, to
mbjellës, sower, për
(Latvian)
winnow, *zaru,
të mbjellë farë, to
sem n tor, sower, a
grown from seed
sow seed, satir, faun,
sem na semin—e, to sow
(said of the date
Satyr (Albanian)
palm), z r û,
seed (Romanian)
scattering, inclined to kylväjä, sower, kylvää
hazia ereiteko, to
squander, z r nu,
siemeniä, to sow seed
sow seed, hazi, seed,
seeding fee paid by a
(Finnish-Uralic)
tenant for additional
ereillebat, sower
seeding (Akkadian)
(Basque)
x
x
x
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.1.html
sower, sower, chun
síol a chur, to sow
seed, siol, seed,
(Irish)
sìol, sower, sìol a
chur, to sow seed
Satyrus-i,
(Scott)
sator-oris, a
gwaredwr, heuwr,
sower, planter,
begetter, father, sower, i hau had, to
sow seed, had, seed
producer,
sero-serere, sevi, (Welsh)
seminatore, sower,
satum, to sow,
seminare seme, to
set, plant,
sow seed, satyro,
sata-orum,
Satyr (Italian)
standing corn,
semeur, sower,
crops, to beget,
engender, bring semer des graines, to
sow seed, satyre,
forth,
Satyre (French)
satus-a-um,
sprung, born, in
gen., to produce, kät - [B kät -], to
spread, disperse
give rise to,
(Tocharian)
semino-are, to
sow, plant, to
s r ishuwa->,
beget, produce,
suhha->soha/soh,
semen-inis,
ishuuai/ishui,
seed, seedling,
ishuuae, to scatter,
slip, race, child, to throw (Hittite)
origin, instigator
Sabelli-orum
x
SATeRS,
Script Z157
SATeR, PL-2
(area of the
Piacenza Liver)
See also:
sower, [<OE
s wan, to sow]
satyr? begetter?
disseminate,
8-48
Sabines, people
of northern Italy
serev, sereb
(SERE8), Script
N647, N738,
N748;
seri, Script
Z289, Z462,
Z463, Z543,
R359
sero (SER¶)
Script S50
serut (SER¶T)
Script L-2 (L.
serúit, 3rd. Pers.
S. Perf.)
Saveles, Sabeles
(SA8ELeS)
Script TC103
8-49
kopa , anger,
rage, çgh ya, to
be passionate,
impetuous, rave,
rage; roÏa, anger,
wrath, passion,
fury rosaprati, to
be angry with; ,
parikrudh, to fly
into a rage,
kruddha , angry
khashm, ôïõ rage
(Persian)
,
gabrazeba, rage
(Georgian)
ann qu, rage,
choking with rage,
furious, lab bu, to
rage, ga u, to rage,
to be raging, to bare
the teeth, to gnash the
teeth, kadu û,
raging (lit. with the
open mouth), ezzetu,
fury, m zezu, fury,
fierceness, šalb bu,
raging, furious, wise,
nadru, nanduru,
nalbubu, šezuzu,
raging, furious,
n ’iru, raging,
roaring, howling,
ra’bu, furious, angry,
overbearing, šamriš,
furiously, fiercely,
impetuously, šamru,
adj., violent, fierce,
šitmuru, raging,
impetuous,
high-mettled, šumru,
fury (Akkadian)
sopAn, sop nam,
stairs, a
ladder, a flight of pellekân,Ñ ýþÿ
(Persian)
steps
stairs
x®÷ ‹•••, liuta•“,
rage (Belarusian)
bijes, rage (Croatian)
w•ciekøo•“, rage
(Polish)
dusmas, rage (Latvian)
furie, rage (Romanian)
raivo, rage (FinnishUralic)
®¿‹ŒØ• , liesvica, stairs
(Belarusian)
stube, stairs (Croatian)
schody, stairs, shodek,
È›Ý, orgí, rage,
Ç™Èû •, torbos, tork
(Greek)
ü ³ ¤³²Í,
Zayruyt’y, rage
(Armenian)
bujë, rage
(Albanian)
•¯œÊŸV, skáles,
stairs, skala, ladder
(Greek)
ƒ!"
,
saevio-ire, to be
furious
torvus-a-um,
savage, grim,
fierce,
rabio-ere, to
rave, rabide,
adv., furiously,
rabidus, adj.,
raving, mad,
impetuous
scalae-arum, pl.,
a flight of stairs,
ladder; milit.
scaling ladders
buile, rage (Irish)
boile, rage (Scott)
cynddaredd, rage
(Welsh)
rabbia, rage, furore,
fury, collera, anger,
rage, wrath (Italian)
rage, rage, fureur
(French)
rage [<Lat.
rabies] to be
furious
savo (SAB¶)
Script K61
8-50
warkui, anger, fury,
krpi, anger, wrath,
fury, krdimiat,
anger, cause of
anger, kardimie/a,
kartimiie/a, karp,
karpie/a, to be
angry, karpes,
krpiwala, furious,
kartimmies,
krdimiant,
krdimiesto,
become angry,
krdimi(a)nu,
krdimiah,
kardimiiahh,
kardimi(a)nu, to
make angry,
tarkuualliie/a,
trkuant, to look
angry, trkualie/a, to
look angrily,
trkuliur, furious
look, trkua, adv.
angrily (Hittite)
staighre, stairs
(Irish)
staidhre, stairs
(Scott)
stairs [<OE
staeger],
staircase, ladder
[<OE hlaeder]
skal, Script
Q767
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,
k’ibeebi, stairs
(Georgian)
stair (Polish)
k pnes, stairs (Latvian)
scar , stairs
(Romanian)
portaat, stairs (FinnishUralic)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.1.html
grisiau, stiars,
ysgol-ion,
academy, ladder
(Welsh)
scala, staircase, le
scale, stairs (Italian)
escaliers, stairs
(French)
astichanner, stairs
(Armenian)
shkallët, stairs
(Albanian)
8-51
vid- [-], va#dâ [va#d,
vid] to know, v$dv%
[v$dhvangh]
knowing, va#dha,
knowledge,
information (Avestan)
dânestan, èê&+¦Ò to
know, senâxtan, âgâh
budan, to know
(Persian)
, tsodna, to
know (Georgian)
pal-, to know
(Hurrian)
edû, to know, idû, to
know something or
someone, to take
cognizance of, etc.,
j n ti, to know,
ed tu, knowledge,
ak mu, ro know,
vid, vetti, to
understand, inform,
know,
instruct, prescribe,
understand,
etc., lam du, to
learn, perceive,
know sexually, to be
experience,
knowledgeable, to
feel, think; lok,
become known,
lokate, look, look informed, to become
at, view,
informed, inform
perceive, know;
somebody, etc,
mudû, wise, learned,
budh, bodhati,
competent, expert,
budhyate, to
expert in a specific
understand,
craft, knowledgeable,
wake, awake,
person known,
watch, notice,
acquaintance,
perceive,
mudûtu, knowledge,
learn, know
information, wisdom,
medû, adj., known,
inu, knowledge,
technical lore of a
craft, m rešu,
knowledge, wisdom,
kitimtu, hidden
knowledge, secret,
n mequ, skill,
wisdom, cunning,
experience,
knowledge, t zu,
lore, learning,
cunning, experience,
knowledge, mu,
wise, knowing one,
tašimtu, wisdom,
common sense,
prudence, practical
intelligence,
judgment (Akkadian)
doÏa , fault,
crime, p pam,
offence, sin,
kha†@itavçtta,
scoundrel,
v熅te, to
âludegi, palidi,
âhidi, pollution
(Persian)
,
danashauli, crime,
, borot’i,
scoundrel,
,
archeva, to choose
Œ¿× ••, vieda“, to
know (Belarusian)
znati, to know
(Croatian)
knew, knew,
wiedziec, to know,
znac, know (Polish)
zin t, to know
(Latvian)
s Ätii, to know
(Romanian)
tietää, to know
(Finnish-Uralic)
›‚™ ˜™ ÌÆÈŸ‚V,
gia na xéreis, to
know (Greek)
!´
, imanal, to
know (Armenian)
të dish, to know,
njoh, know
(Albanian)
scio, scir, scivi
or scli, scitu;
sciens-entis,
knowing,
aware
jakin, to know,
ezagutza, knowledge
(Basque)
a fhios, to know
(Irish)
fios a bhith agad, to
know (Scott)
i gwybod, to know,
gwybod-a,
knowledge,
studies, i nodi, to
identify; (Welsh)
sapere, conoscere, to
know, capire, to
understand (Italian) to know, [<OE
cnawan]
à savoir, conna$tre,
understand
to know, (French)
warpa/i, knowledge, 8-52
craft, skill (Luvian)
s kki, sakk/skk,
sak/sk, to know
(about), to
experience, to heed,
to pay attention to,
to recognize, to
remember, to be
expert in, isduwa->
sce, Script
TC-1, TC140,
TC58, TC61,
TC190, R173,
R177, AH-11,
Au9
scinir, Script
K124;
scis, Script
Q127,
Q139
skenem
(SKENEM)
Script XA-33
to be known,
parjanaza, to know
(Hittite)
Ö® Ž- ‹ Œ ,
zla‘ynstva, crime,
•Á × Ø , niahodnik,
scoundrel, ðØD ••,
abira“, to choose
(Belarusian)
kriminal, crime, nitkov,
scoundrel, izabrati, to
choose (Croatian)
Æ›¯Ê°Þ™, énklima,
crime, ™ÉÈŸË V,
scoundrel, •‚™ÊÆ›ß,
dialégo, to choose
(Greek)
¢
,
hants’ank’, crime,
¢ ¢ Î, ts’nts’vogh,
scoundrel, Í ƒ ,
scelero-are;
scelus-eris, a
crime,
calamity,
scoundrel
coireacht, crime,
villain, villain,
Roghnaigh, to
choose (Irish)
eucoir, crime,
sneachda, scoundrel,
falach, villian, a
thaghadh, to choose
(Scott)
to pollute with
guilt, crime,
{<Lat. crimen]
{scoundrel, to
choose to
seal [<Lat.
sigillum]
up, to choose
[<OE c osan]
scela (SCeLA),
Script PQ-13
sceles, Script
Q837, R193
SKeLES Script
Q717
SCeLOM,
SCeLUM,
(SCeL¶M)
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http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.1.html
(Georgian)
choose,
ya i , yaSTi,
staff, stick, stalk,
da a , daNDa,
stick, staff, pole,
cudgel, mace,
club; stick, staff,
r jada a ,
scepter, mace,
vetra, a reed,
staff; rambha,
prop, support,
staff; vip, adj.,
agitated,
inspired, switch,
rod, staff (of an
arrow), kh ,
branch
gillatu, gullultu,
crime, misdeed, sin,
arnu, to commit a
crime or sin,
sartu, to commit a
crime, lemnu,
crimes, to commit
crimes, bilu,
criminal, evildoer,
ardadu, criminal,
thief, u, in ša i,
criminal, a û, to
trespass, to commit
an offense, to neglect,
to make a mistake, to
fail, miss, to damage,
injure, masiktu, in
b l masikti, criminal,
arnu, to commit a sin
or crime (Akkadian)
tekke chub, stick,
kârkonân,
kârmandân, staff;
club, casbidan, stick,
shâkhe,
branch
(Persian)
, jokhi, stick,
, k’vertkhi,
sceptre,
,
piliali, branch
(Georgian)
gamlu, staff, a
hooked or curved
staff, gamliš, like a
hooked or curved
staff, u ru, sacred
staff, stick, a u,
staff, stick, scepter,
branch, twig, shelf,
a u, in b l a i,
scepter bearer, lamû,
branch, larû, branch,
fork (Akkadian)
vidy laya ,
madrase, ¢£¤¥
school, academy, school (Persian)
¡ik ayati, to
, sk’ola,
teach, p ha¡ l , school (Georgian)
school
v®¡cika ,
scorpion
kazdom, agharab,
¯°±² scorpion
(Persian)
, morieli,
scorpion (Georgian)
przest pstwo, crime,
øajdak, scoundrel,
wybiera , to choose
(Polish)
noziegums, crime,
nelietis, scoundrel,
izv l ties, to choose
(Latvian)
crim , crime, tic los,
scoundrel, a alege, to
choose (Romanian)
rikollisuus, crime,
roisto, scoundrel,
valita, to choose
(Finnish-Uralic)
, palka, stick,
, skipietr,
sceptre,
, filijal,
branch (Belarusian)
štap, stick, žezlo,
sceptre, podružnica,
branch (Croatian)
kij, stick, berøo,
sceptre, gaø , branch
(Polish)
n ja, stick, scepteris,
sceptre, fili le, branch
(Latvian)
b , stick, sceptru,
sceptre, ramur , branch
(Romanian)
tikku, stick, valtikka,
sceptre, haara, branch
(Finnish-Uralic)
¦ ‰ , škola, school
(Belarusian)
škola, school
(Croatian)
szkoøa, school (Polish)
skola, school (Latvian)
§COAL¨, school
(Romanian)
koulu, school (FinnishUralic)
³´, skarpijon,
scorpion (Belarusian)
škorpion, scorpion
(Croatian)
Skorpion, scorpion
(Polish)
skorpions, scorpion
(Latvian)
scorpion, scorpion,
SCORPIE, dragon lady
(Romanian)
skorpioni, scorpion
trosedd, crime,
adyn-od, wretch,
soundrel, ffilin,
villian, i ddewis, to
choose (Welsh)
crimine, crime,
scégliere, to choose,
select (Italian)
criminalité, crime,
scélérat, scoundrel;
8-53
scéléatesse, villainy,
la sceller, to seal up,
fasten, confirm,
choisir, to choose
(French)
kri, choice, will
(Tocharian)
yntrel, to choose
(Armenian)
krim, crime, faqezi,
scoundrel, per te
zgjedhur, to choose
(Albanian)
€•‚ƒ, ravdí, stick,
„…†‡ˆ ‰, skíptro,
sceptre, skeptron,
staff, …Š€‚ƒ, kladí,
branch (Greek)
‹Œ•Ž, p’ayt, stick,
Œ••Œ•Œ‘Œ“
”Œ•Œ–Œ“,
ark’ayakan gavazan,
sceptre,
—Œ˜“Œ™•›œ•Ÿ,
masnachyughy,
branch (Armenian)
shkop, stick, skeptër,
sceptre, degë, branch
(Albanian)
x„©‰Šªƒ‰, scholeío,
school (Greek)
«¬•›-, dprots’,
school (Armenian)
shkollë, school
(Albanian)
„…‰ ‡µ¶·, skorpiós,
scorpion (Greek)
‘Œ•¸™, karich,
scorpion (Armenian)
akrep, scorpion
(Albanian)
scipio-onis;
Scipio-onis, a
family of the
gens Cornelia;
ramus-i, branch,
twig;
sceptrum-i,
sceptre,
dominion
maide, stick, scepter,
sceptre, géaga,
branch (Irish)
bata, stick, scepter,
sceptre, meur,
branch (Scott)
ffoniwch, stick, ffon
(ffyn), stick, staff,
cudgel; paladr
(pelydr), ray, beam,
staff, stem; llath-au,
yard, wand, sceptr,
sceptre, cangen,
branch (Welsh)
bastone, stick,
scettro, sceptre,
ramo, branch
(Italian)
bâton, stick, mât,
pole,
mast; sceptre,
sceptre, branche,
branch (French)
staff [<OE staef],
wand [<ON
vöndr], stick
[<OE sticca];
scepter (sceptre)
[<Gk. skeptron]
staff [OE staef];
lath [<OE laett];
bat [<OE batt],
family name?
Script N462,
Q183, Q335,
Q406
Scepis, Scripts
N194, Q854
See also, ramas,
rameras, ramo
(RAMV),
ramoer
(RAMVER)
8-54
karke [cf. B
kar k*], branch
(Tocharian)
tura, to use a
weapon/stick, tura/i,
stick, weapon
(Luvian)
alkistan, branch,
(pa in) (?), stick
(Hittite)
schola-ae
scorpio-onis and
scorpios [os] -i,
a scorpion,
military engine
for throwing
missiles
scoil, school (Irish)
sgoil, school (Scott)
ysgol, school
(Welsh)
scuola, school
(Italian)
école, school
(French)
scairp, scorpion
(Irish)
sgorpion, scorpion
(Scott)
ysgoripon-au,
scorpion
(Welsh)
scorpione, scorpion
(Italian)
scorpion, scorpion
(French)
school [<Gk.
skhol ], debate
scol (SCVL)
Script K38
8-55
scorpion?
8-56
scorpi
(SCVRPI),
Script AN-23
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(Finnish-Uralic)
neveshtan, ¹º »¼ to
write, tarkib, ensâ,
pasâzes, composition,
katybh, ½¾º¿ ,
inscription (Persian)
, ts’era, to write,
, ts’arts’era,
inscription
(Georgian)
alamgû, engraver of
seals, es qu, incise a
relief, apportion lots,
to draw, lap tu, to
write, record, to be
written down,
recorded, to paint a
surface, to touch, to
hurt repeatedly, strike
a chord, commit a
sacrilege,
evil-portending, etc.,
* urruru, deeply
incised, našpartu,
written order,
instructions,
message, letter,
proxy, agency,
service, mi i tu,
writing, cuniform
wedge, stroke of the
stylus, wound,
me i u, cutting
tool?, i’lu, written
agreement, etc. ,
ek ku, to scratch,
egirtu, letter, tablet,
ša iru, scribe,
likh, likhati (-te),
ša ru, writing, copy,
draw a line,
exemplar, text,
write, write
inscription, to have a
down, engrave,
monument inscribed,
mudrita ,
record, assign,
inscription,
register, to have a
mudrayati, to
legal document
inscribe, engrave made, etc., ša ru,
adj., inscribed (stela,
seal, etc), written,
recorded, etc.,
maš aru, ši irtu,
text, inscription,
ši ru, document,
inscription, text,
narû, inscribed stone
monument,
temmennu,
inscription,
foundation,
foundation document,
musarû, inscription,
object bearing a royal
inscription, uppu,
flat surface, board,
inscribed tablet,
uppu, in m r b t
uppi, scribe,
member of the scribal
profession,
upšarma u, chief
scribe, upšarratu ,
female scribe,
upšarru, scribe,
tablet writer,
upšarr tu, status or
employment of a
scribe, literacy,
scribal learning,
scholarship, craft of
the scribe, u uru,
adj., drawn,
engraved, incised,
u urtu, divine design,
plan, concept,
ordinance, relief,
ÀÁ, pisa , to write,
´ Â , nadpis,
inscription
(Belarusian)
napisati, to write,
natpis, inscription
(Croatian)
pisa , to write,
napisaø wrote, napis,
inscription (Polish)
peisatuns, to write
(Baltic-Sudovian)
rakstÃt, to write,
uzraksts, inscription
(Latvian)
a scrie, to write,
SCRIITUR¨,
composition, inscripÄie,
inscription (Romanian)
kirjoittaa, to write,
kirjoitus, inscription
(Finnish-Uralic)
Å€ Æ ÇÈÉ, xna
grápso, grafo, to
write, ª‡µÆ €Ê†,
epigrafí, inscription
(Greek)
Ë•ÌÍ, Grel, to write,
”•›œÎ•›œ“, grut’yun,
inscription
(Armenian)
te shkruash, to write,
skalit, to inscribe
Albanian)
idatzi, to write,
inskripzio,
inscription (Basque)
scripo, scribere,
scripsi,
scriptum, to
write; compono
ponere, posui
positum, to put
together,
compose
chun scríobh, to
write (Irish)
a sgrìobhadh, to
write, sgriobtuir,
scripture (Scott)
i ysgrifennu, to
write, sgwennu, to
write (slang);
ysgythru, to etch,
cut, carve, engrave,
graze, prune, lop
(Welsh)
scritta, inscription;
scriver, to write
(Italian)
écrire, to write,
inscription,
inscription (French)
to engrave [<OE
grafan], draw
[<OE dragan],
write [<OE
writan], compose,
indite [<Lat.
indiceo dicere
-dixi -dictum, to
make publicly
known,
proclaim], to
scratch, [<ME
scracchen].to
make a shallow
cut or mark with
something sharp
scriato,
(SCRIATV)
possibly scria tu
(N100)
kuls, inscribe, to
write, engrave,
carve, decree, kisa,
to scratch;
8-57
hatrae, hat,
hatura, to write, to
report, to declare, to
order, hatuas,
hatuars, a letter
(Hittite)
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picture, engraving,
plan, drawing,
document of
obliga ons, etc.,
(Akkadian)
tirim, dry, a
ghearradh, to cut
(Irish)
tioram, dry, seac,
wither, cause to
wither, parch, fade,
decay, a ghearradh,
to cut (Scott)
sych, dry, sychu, to
dry, dry up, absorb,
wipe, mop, drain, i
dorri, to cut (Welsh)
asciugare, to dry,
seccare, asciutto,
dry; tagliare, to cut
(Italian)
sécher, to dry, sec,
dry, couper, to cut
(French)
hushanãm
[hushka], dry
(Avestan)
xosk, khoshk, ÏÐ
dry, kâriz, âbozar,
âb kesidan, to
drain (Persian)
, mshrali,
dry,
, ch’ra, to cut
(Georgian)
ablu, abiltu, adj.,
dry, dried, bulu, to
dry up, maš û,
drying place (used to
spread fresh
apit, adj., barren, foodstuffs for
drying), dried state,
dry, jalahIna,
arurtu, drought,
waterless, dry;
famine, uddudu,
zyana, adj.,
adj., cut, deeply cut,
dried, dry; tars,
indented, ar pu, to
trsta, adj.,
cut, arû, to cut
dry, rough,
branches, erû, to cut
trees, kaš u, to cut
harsh; dah,
off, to cut down
dahati (-te), to
orchards, fruit trees,
burn, consume,
to interrupt , kar tu,
destroy, dry up;
zus, zusyati (-te), to break off, to strike,
kartu, adj., cut up,
to dry, wither,
ka bu, to cut off,
fade, dry up,
ga u, to cut, trim,
parch, emaciate, mutilate, kasmu, cut
afflict, destroy,
up, chopped, pulled,
churita , to cut, weeded, kaziztu,
k®ntati, to cut
cutting off, kismu,
meat, vibhajati,
cutting, weeding of
to sever,
green plants, ibištu,
cuttings, cuttings of
seperate
resinous and aromatic
substances, plants of
aromatic substances,
fragrance, š l tu,
cutting edge, blade,
š ltu, cutting edge,
blade, scrapper,
š bulu, dry, dried
out, withered,
shriveled, šak su, to
dry, dry out, raš ku,
to dry, drip, na’ pu,
to dry out, dry up,
t b lam, in a dry
state, urruru,
desiccate, to dry out,
(Akkadian)
asa, sanam,
seat, proximity,
pITha, seat,
stool, bench,
pedestal;
garta, high seat,
throne; the seat
of a war chariot,
vaêjahi [vaêjangh],
seed, germ, xshudrå
[xshudra], semen,
seed (Avestan)
rye, £ÛÜÝ Þ rye,
sandali, ßà¤äæ seat,
nimkat, seat;
sicco-are, to
make dry
siccus-i-um,
ÑÒ , suchi, dry,
siccum, dry,
ÓÔ ÀÁ, reza , to cut
ÕÖ ¶·, xirós, dry,
thirsting, thirsty,
(Belarusian)
ˆ× „‰Ø€µ, tersomai, of health, sound,
suho, dry, rezati, to cut
to become dry, ŀ
sober, temperate,
(Croatian)
…¶ÈÉ, na kópso, to
of style, plain,
suchy, dry, uci , to cut
cut, Ç‚Ö·, ádis,
simple;
(Polish)
Hades, underworld, seco, secare,
sausas, dry; sausint,
inferno (Greek)
secui, sectum, to
to dry (Baltic
Ù›•, ch’vor, dry,
cut, amputate, to
Sudovian)
‘Ž•ÌÍ, ktrel, to cut
wound, hurt,
sauss, dry, griezt, to cut
(Armenian)
divide, part,
(Latvian)
thatë, dry, te presesh,
make by cutting;
uscat, dry, SEC, I dry,
to cut (Albanian)
sica, dagger,
I empty, SICA, the
torero-, torrere,
dacian dagger,
lehortu, to dry,
torrui, toastum,
a t ia, to cut
moztu, to cut
to burn, parch,
(Romanian)
(Basque)
dry up, torrenskuiva, dry, katkaista, to
entis, burning,
cut (Finnish-Uralic)
hot, parched,
rushing, a
torrent
ÂÔ ´´ , siadziennie,
seat, ç ´è, aržany,
rye, îï ´Á, jaðmieñ,
barley, ¦ ´ À ,
pšanica, wheat,
Ñ Ñ ÑÔ , kukuruza,
corn, ïÑî´‰ò, muðnoj,
flour (Belarusian)
ׂ €, édra, kathisma,
kathizo, seat;
„ƒ…€ŠÖ, sikali, rye,
… µôÇ µ, krithári,
barley, „µˆÇ µ, sitári,
wheat, corn, €Šªõ µ,
alévri, flour (Greek)
“˜ŽŒ•Œ••Ÿ,
nstavayry, seat,
sigilla-orum, pl.,
small figures,
images, a seal;
sedes-is,
seat, chair;
sella-ae, seat,
stool
siligo-inis,
wheat, wheat
sar* [B as re],
dry, s- [B s-], to
dry up, become dry,
slune, drying,
sam*, drying out,
ko t, cut, edge
(Tocharian)
fa-karsed, cut out,
(Lydian)
kuar/kur, cutting,
Kurama,
kuratr/kuratn,
cutter, kurana/i, cut
in slices, kuri/kurai,
island, kursauar
/kursau(a)n, cut off,
(Luvian)
to make dry, [
drain; to cut Ú
Script MS18 is in
the context of
"cutting" grapes;
chop, [ME
choppen]
thirst [<OE
thurst], Hades,
the Nether World,
Hell
h tanz, dry, h d-,
8-58
hat/ht, hatnu, to dry
up, hitnu, to cause
to dry up, hates,
htes, to become dry,
trs (tars), to
become dry, to
make dry, ku rzi,
kuer/kur, kartae,
kuers/kurs, to cut
off, karsnu, kars,
to cut off, to cancel,
kurutsi, cutter,
kuresr/kuresn,
cutting,
karsiie/a,
karsa/kars, karsae,
to cut, kukurs, to
cut up, to mutilate,
kwa; ark/rk, cut
off, to divide,
tuhhus-> tuhs,
tuhus,
tuhsanna/tuhsanni,
cut off, to be
separated, tksan
sar, cut in half,
divide, cut off,
separate (Hittite)
suíochán, seat,
seagal, rye, eorna,
barley, cruithneacht,
wheat, arbhar, corn,
plúr, flour (Irish)
suidheachan, seagal,
rye, e÷rna, barley,
cruithneachd, wheat,
seat [<ON saeti],
chair? rye [<OE
ryge], seal [<Lat.
sigillum]?
wheat, [<OE
hwùte], corn
[<OE grain],
grain [<Lat.
granum], flour
sec, Script
Z990;
sek, Script
MS18
seca, Script
Q63, Q84,
Q416, Q442,
Q452, Q460,
Q717, Q775,
Q795, Q805,
Q821, Q829,
Q847, R405,
R574, R596,
R609
secom
(SECVM),
Script N491
segeles,
Script Q701
semenies,
Script Q-1
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siyâh, ûÝ ü ¢ rye;
(Persian)
, adgils, seat,
, ch’vavis, rye,
, keri, barley,
, khorbali,
wheat,
,
simindi, corn,
, pkvili, flour
(Georgian)
carriage;
svAsana, a fine
seat; niSatti,
sitting, seat;
sadanAsad,
sitting down on
the seat; dhAsi,
seat, home, raee,
rye (Hindi),
yava , barley,
godh ma ,
wheat, (both the
plant and grain),
c r am, meal,
flour
krsi, ploughing,
agriculture,
husbandry, field,
harvest, ¡asyam,
crop, the
produce of
fields, s yaka ,
arrow,
gišgallu, seat,
pedestal, durgarû,
ornate chair, guzalû,
chair bearer,
guzalûtu, chair
bearer official,
abuhuru, arsu,
ersuppu, gulb tu,
cereal, gaj tu, a
cereal and dish made
from it, enninnu, a
kind of cereal,
dišarru, a kind of
wild cereal,
galteniwa, cereal
dish, a preparation of
cereals, eburu,
seed-grain, abšu,
apšu, seed, grass
seed, of a vetch,
in inu, seed used
for seasoning,
kull nu, seed or a
plant, antu, barley
ear, *gububtu,
parched barley,
galbur u, un u,
qualifying barley,
jara u, a fine
quality of barley,
inninu, irsuppu, a
type of barley, aršu,
barley, cleaned,
treated in a certain
way, aldû, barley
storage, karamu, pile
of barley, karû, pile
of barley prepared for
storage, property held
in common by
several persons,
laptu, roasted barley,
maqqû, barley
ration, dadû, flour
offering (Akkadian)
farâvarde & ÛÜ°+ =¤¾à»@,
produce, harvest,
cidan, to plant a
crop;meydân, dast,
zamin, field, tir °¾@
arrow (Persian)
,
mosavali, crop ,
,
aighe, reap,
,
isari, arrow
(Georgian)
kurummatu, crop,
farm, to raise a crop
for sustenance,
urpu, an early crop,
upl tu, late crop,
šeguššu, a cereal, a
kind of apple tree,
usaggû, an early
grass, šegunû, crop,
a aru, a minor
crop, mottled barley,
sjedalo, seat, raž, rye,
jedva, barley, pšenica,
wheat, kukuruz, corn,
brašno, flour, farina
(Croatian)
siedzenie, seat, zyto,
rye, j czmieñ, barley,
pszenica, wheat,
kukurydza, corn, m ka,
flour (Polish)
s deklis, seat, rudzu,
rye, mieži, barley,
kvieši, wheat,
kukur za, corn, milti,
flour (Latvian)
scaun, seat, secar , rye,
orz, barley, grâu,
wheat, porumb, corn,
f in , flour, farina
(Romanian)
istuin, seat, ruis, rye,
ohra, barley, vehný,
wheat, maissi, corn,
jauhot, flour, meal
(Finnish-Uralic)
þŒ«•¸ÿŒ“,
badrijan, rye, ”Œ•¸,
gari, barley, -›•Ì“Ÿ,
ts’voreny, wheat,
corn, ŒÍ•›œ•, alyur,
flour, breadstuffs
(Armenian)
vend, seat, thekër,
rye, elb, barley,
grurë, wheat, corn,
misër, corn, miell,
flour (Albanian)
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arbhar, corn, fl!r,
flour (Scott)
sedd, seat, seren,
rye, haidd, barley,
seddi, to seat,
install; eistedd, to
sit, seat, rhyg, rye,
gwenith, wheat, #d,
corn, cereal, blawd,
flawd, flour, meal
(Welsh)
seggio, seat, chair;
segale rye, orzo,
barley, Grano,
wheat, Mais, corn,
Farina, flour, meal,
farina (Italian)
si$ge, seat, chair;
s'assoir, to sit;
seigle, rye, orge,
barley, blé, wheat,
corn, mais, corn,
flour, hordeum, farine, flour, meal,
barley, farina-ae, farina (French)
meal, flour,
seges, cornfield
s %, [B as %],
seat (Tocharian)
asa, asana, chair,
tsahurti, chair or
couch, titnu, seat, to
install, to put, to
seat, asas/ase/is,
asa, ase/isanu,
sesnu/sisnu, seat, to
settle, seli, grain
pile, grain storage,
[<ME], meal
[<melu], coarsely
ground, edible
grain, maize
[<OE], corn
See also "Seed"
below<semenies,
Script Q-1
8-59
halki-, grain, barley,
Hlk, barley, grain,
barley-god, euan,
grain, sumes, sepit,
a kind of grain, seli,
grain pile, grain
storage, mal,
memal, meal, coarsley
ground meal
Ñ Á Ñ , kuJtura,
crop,
Ó ,
çè´ ÀÁ, pažyna ,
reap, strelka, arrow
(Belarusian)
usjev, crop, žeti, reap,
strijela, arrow
(Croatian)
przyci , crop, zbiera ,
reap, strzaøka, arrow
(Polish)
kult raugu, crop, g t,
reap, bultiXa, arrow
(Latvian)
a decupa, crop, culege,
reap, S¨GEAT¨,
arrow (Romanian)
sato, crop, niittýý, reap,
nuoli, arrow (FinnishUralic)
…€ŠŠµ× ƪµ€,
kalliérgeia, crop,
ôª ƒYÉ, therízo, reap,
•×Š‰·, vélos, arrow
(Greek)
þÌ••Ÿ, berk’y, crop,
seges-etis, crop
•Œ•ÌÍ, k’aghel,
sageta, arrow
reap, \ÌŽ, net,
arrow (Armenian)
prodhim, crop,
fushë, field, korr,
reap, shigjetë, arrow
(Albanian)
barr, crop, buail,
reap, saighead,
arrow (Irish)
b^rr, crop, buain,
reap, saighead,
arrow (Scott)
cnwd (cnydau),
crop, covering;
crynnyrch
(cynhyrchion),
produce, product,
crop, rhy dda, reap,
saeth, arrow (Welsh)
mess, harvest,
raccolto, crop,
raccogliere, reap,
freccia, arrow
(Italian)
surgir, crop, r$colte,
harvest, harvest,
recueillir, reap,
fi$che, arrow, épée,
sword (French)
crop [<OE cropp,
ear of corn],
cornfield, field;
arrow [<OE
arwe], bolt [<OE
heavy arrow]
8-60
segeta, Script
R499;
segetes Script
Q701
See also:
far, Scripts
Z180, Z197,
Z357, Z1027,
Z1040, Z1097,
Z1430, TC327,
Au44
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i irtu, a minor
crop, scraps, rabû, to
raise a crop, to rear
children, etc., to
become great, apellu,
arrowhead, piš
qanâte, arrowmaker,
ur ut tu, arrows of
some kind, apellu,
arrowhead? (foreign
word), mulmullu,
u, arrow, šilt iš,
like an arrow,
šilt u, arrow, the
Arrow, a
constellation, like the
star Sirius, šuk du,
arrow, the star Sirius,
sharp end of a
spindle, (Akkadian)
uars/urs, wars,
wawars, harvest, to
reap, wipe (Hittite)
x
¹ü` zin, saddle
(Persian)
pary am, to
saddle, vagka
paly aya, to
saddle;
sapary a,
saddled
,
tskhenis adgils, horse
seat (Georgian)
kussû, saddle, rule,
royal property and
service, throne, exta,
a feature of the exta,
dominion, chair,
sedan chair, name of
a month, part of a
chariot or a plow,
matli šu, saddle,
pack saddle?,
tiritar ju, a saddle?,
(Akkadian)
 ÀÁ, siadla , to
saddle, Â ‰, siadlo,
saddle (Belarusian)
na sedlo, to saddle,
sedlo, saddle
(Croatian)
siodøa, to saddle,
siodøo, saddle (Polish)
s ž t, to saddle,
s deklis, saddle
(Latvian)
la {a, to saddle, §A,
§EA, saddle
(Romanian)
satulaan, to saddle,
satula, saddle (FinnishUralic)
„ª „׊€, se séla, to
saddle (Greek)
Ό͌“ÌÍ›œ |Œ—Œ•,
t’alanelu hamar, to
saddle (Armenian)
të shaloj, to saddle,
shalë, saddle
(Albanian)
eserita, to saddle,
jarlekua, zela,
saddle (Basque)
sella-e, seat,
chair, stool;
sterno,
sternere, stravi,
stratum, to
stretch
out, spread, lie
down, saddle;
ephippium-i, a
horsecloth,
saddle
le diallait, to saddle
(Irish)
gu dìollaid, to saddle
(Scott)
i setlo, cyfrwyo, to
to saddle [<OE,
saddle (Welsh)
sadol], seat?
sel, six; sella,
8-61
saddle; sellare, to
saddle (Italian)
selle, saddle, stool;
seller, to saddle
(French)
sela, Script
Au87, PE-2
SeLA, Script
Z1386, Z1397
sele, Script
Au58
cellarius-a-um
cellar, cellar (Irish)
seilear, cellar (Scott)
seler-au-ydd-i, cellar
store-room,
(Welsh)
cellar,
cantina, cellar
(Italian)
8-62
cave, cellar, saillear,
salt-cellar, cask
cellier (French)
selur (SELFR)
Script Z692
¹¾¥`°ü` zire zamin,
sardâb, ¯ÛÜ°¢ cellar
(Persian)
,
sardapshi, cellar
(Georgian)
gupti , cellar,
krdara,
store-room,
treasury, bursary,
treasury,
bh tikÃla, a
cellar for
concealing
wealth, ko a ,
storeroom
ašlukkatu, storage
chamber, gan nu,
ill tu, turmu?,
storage room or
building, living
quarters,
gan nm u, main
storehouse, gunû,
storeroom, ganganu,
storeroom for beer,
potstand, gar nu, to
store, to pile up in
heaps, ammušmu?
ašahhu, esittu,
ešittu, storehouse,
arahhu, storehouse,
granary, ab su,
storehouse of a
temple, gan ngurru,
storeroom in inner
room of house,
kalakku, storehouse,
storeroom, raft
(kelek), silo,
truncated pyramid, a
container, a box, a
vessel, specific kind
of chair, excavation
(as a geometrical
term), išittu,
storehouse, treasury,
karû, in b t karê,
kunukku, in b t
kunukki, m šartu,
Â} , padval, cellar
(Belarusian)
podrum, cellar
(Croatian)
piwnica, cellar
(Polish)
tairas, cellar (BalticSudovian)
pagrabs, cellar
(Latvian)
pivniÄ , CELAR,
cellar (Romanian)
kellari, cellar (FinnishUralic)
…ªŠÇ µ, kelári, cellar
(Greek)
“‘›œ•, nkugh, cellar
(Armenian)
bodrum, cellar, qilar,
pantry (Albanian)
dudanez, storehouse,
(Basque)
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in b t m šarti,
ammušmu?
storehouse,
maškattu,
storehouse, account
deposit, kizalaqu,
storehouse of a
temple, aš mu,
storehouse, barn,
uršu, storehouse,
larder, uršu, in rab
urš ti, storehouse
keeper, b l ab si,
storehouse overseer,
iburnu, in b t
iburni, storehouse
for beer, barley large
containers,
nakkamtu,
šutummu, u ru,
storehouse, treasury,
udû, in b t udê,
storeroom (Akkdian)
nejat dadan,
to save (Persian)
, shenakhva,
to save (Georgian)
prarak ,
parirak , paritrai,
to save; nirvah,
to lead out of,
save from,
t rayati, to save,
rak ati, to
protect, deliver
asti, grain
ofseed; vapa,
sower, scatterer,
scattering, seed;
yoni, place of
birth, origin;
yoni-posana,
seed, grain,
b jam, seed
gam lu, save, spare,
perform a kind act,
ez bu, to save a
person be saved,
reserve, leave,
neglect, desert,
entrust, bequeath,
iru, savior, rescuer,
muballi anu, person
who has kept
someone alive
(Akkadian)
vaêjahi [vaêjangh],
seed, germ, xshudrå
[xshudra}, semen,
seed, zâtanãm [zâta],
born (Avestan)
dâne
seed, barze,
seed; sarcasme,
nezâd, origin,
zâyide, zâde,
adj., born (Persian)
, tesli, seed,
, dabadeba,
to be born,
,
daibada, born
(Georgian)
, zachava , to
save (Belarusian)
spremiti, to save
(Croatian)
zapisa , to save
(Polish)
saglab t, to save
(Latvian)
a salva, to save
(Romanian)
pelastaa, to save
(Finnish-Uralic)
,
na sóso, to save
(Greek)
,
pahpanel, to save
(Armenian)
të ruaj, to save
(Albanian)
‹Œ•ŽV, spóros,
sperma, sperno,
€ •‚€ €‚, nasieƒnie,
seed, •• ‘’•“,
seed,€ „ …†
,
na gennitheí, to be
naradžacca, to be born
born, •• ‘”• ŽV,
(Belarusian)
genniménos, born
sjeme, seed, biti ro‡en,
(Greek)
to be born (Croatian)
an-, to give birth
– —˜™, sermy, seed,
nasienie,
seed,
(Hurrian)
š › , tsnvel, to be
urodzony, born (Polish)
born, š › š,
sˆkla, seed, piedzimt,
eburu, seed-grain,
tsnvats, born
to be born, dzimis,
abšu, apšu, grass
(Armenian)
seed, vetch, erištu,
born (Latvian)
farë, seed, fillim,
seedling, plantation,
s‰mânŠ‰, seed, a fi
beginning, për t'u
er šu, to seed with a nascut, to be born,
lindur, to be born, i
seeder plow,
n‰scut, born
lindur, born,
cultivate, plant a
(Romanian)
field, to be seeded,
(Albanian)
siemen,
seed,
syntyä,
to
tarmiktu, shoot,
be born, syntynyt, born
cutting, al du,
kimu, sprout, hazi,
wal du, to give birth, (Finnish-Uralic)
seed, jaiotza, birth,
eš ru, to give birth
jaio, born (Basque)
easily, charge, inject
an enema, send, keep
in good order, etc.,
*zaru, grown from
seed (said of date
palms), z ru, semen,
seed of cereals and
other plants, male
descendants, arable
land, acreage
salveo-are, to
save
sabháil, to save
(Irish)
gus sàbhaladh, to
save (Scott)
i achub, to save
(Welsh)
salvare, to save
(Italian)
sauver, to save
(French)
to save [<LLat.
salvare]
8-63
selva (SELFA),
Script PL-4,
PL-27
(These are areas
of the Piacenza
Liver)
semenies,
Script Q-1
semen-inis,
seed, shoot,
nascor-i, natos
and [gnatus],
pluperf. 3rd
pers. Pl,
natierantto be
born, to come
into existence,
arise, be
produced;
natus-a-um,
born, naturally,
fitted or
constituted;
natio-onis
being born,
birth, a tribe,
race, people
síol, seed, rugadh,
born ( (Irish)
sìol, seed, a rugadh,
born (Scott)
Hedyn, had-au,
seed, issue; hedyn
(hadau), seed,
blaguryn (blagur),
sprout, bud, shoot;
germ; hau, to sow,
geni, to be born,
bear, eni, born
(Welsh)
seme, semenza,
seed, origin,
nascere; nascesfe,
you arose, nato,
born, nazione
nation (Italian)
la graine, seed,
semis, sowing,
seedling, sperme,
semen, naître, to be
born, née, born, nai,
you are born, nation
nation (French)
hasmi, kin, kinship,
war(u)walan,
warwalan seed,
progeny, muwita?
seed, (Hittite)
(3rd Decl. Acc.
pl; w/
TECURIES)
seed, shoot [<OE
sceotan], seed
[<OE saed],
stock, race,
semen [<Lat
semen], sperm
[<Gk. sperma]
8-64
nac, Scripts
AH-5, Z17,
Z263, Z432,
Z1227, Z1591,
Z1623, Au-41,
Au53, Au74,
L15, œ-3, CP38
(verb)
nacim, Script
AM-6 Noun,
see note (3)
nacus
(NAKFS),
Script M32
Noun, see note
(3)
nak, Script
Z887,
Q303 (verb)
nakua, nakfa
(NAKFA),
Script Z522,
Z905 Noun,
see note (3)
nai, Script
N100, N112,
N469, XU-3
nas, Script
TC170, TC231,
J35, K14, AD-7,
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(Akkadian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1C.1.html
AE-1, AK-8,
AN-2, AN12,
AN35, R11,
R110
NASeR, Script
BS-29nasc,
Script AK-9
(verb)
nate (or nape)
Script PC-1
nateran, Script
XB-19
nati, Script
XU-1
natim*, Script
XU-1
natine, Script
Q243,
R565; (see nac)
* "im" suffix
3rd. decl acc.
8/21/2019 10:35 AM
Notes to Indo-European Table Part 8
(1) The bust of this extremely beautiful Etruscan queen is in the Louvre Museum, Paris.
(2) Thanks to Constantin Cucu for his contributions on the Romanian language.
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Indo-European Table with Sanskrit, Avestan, Slavic, Baltic, Greek, Latin...
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8.20.19 Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE):
Etruscan_Phrases
Indo-European Table 1, Part 9
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Etruscan_Phrases
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Table 1 Index
(Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table 1)
Table 1, section 1D: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.
Sanskrit
vidatha, council;
pAriSada, the
attendants of a
god, v ddha ,
elder person,
jye ha , elder,
adj., sanaj, sanaka
(ablat.) adj. old,
ancient; jIri, old
age; azina, jurya,
adj., aged;
Avestan, Persian,
Georgian, Hurrian,
Akkadian
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
hano, aged (Avestan)
(bozorgtar,
elder, mehtar,
elder, adj., kohan,
sâlxorde, pir,
old, adj.; bâstâni,
dirine, adj., bâstâni,
ancient anjoman,
sowrâ, council, senâ,
senate (Persian)
Slavic, Baltic,
Romanian,
Finnish-Uralic
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
,
starejšyna, elder,
,
stary alaviek, old
person,
,
sienat, senate
(Belarusian)
stariji, elder, stara
osoba, old person,
, mokhutss, senat, senate
old person,
(Croatian)
, senat’is,
starszy, elder, stary
senate (Georgian)
czøowiek, old
person, senat,
taršu-a-ni, taršuwan, senate (Polish)
person (Urartian)
vec kais, elder,
edi, ed(i)-, person,
vecs cilv ks, old
body, self,
person, sen ts,
taršuvani, person
senate (Latvian)
(Hurrian)
mai mare, elder,
persoan în vârst ,
rabû, elder,
old person, SENAT,
of first rank, chief,
principal, main,
senate (Romanian)
large, senior, adult,
vanhempi, elder,
full-grown,
vanhus, old person,
important, massive, senaatti, senate
extensive, imposing
(Finnish-Uralic)
fortified, huge,
senaatti
powerful, great,
weighty, grievous,
significant,
Greek, Albanian, Armenian,
Basque
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
€•‚ƒ, Géronta, elder,
„… €†‡ˆƒ, ‰ƒŠ‹Œ Œ‚€•€, paliá
átomo, old person, henne, aged,
gerousía, senate (Greek)
Ž•Ž•, avag, elder, ‘“” •Ž–—˜,
hin mardy, old person, ™›”Žœ,
senat, senate (Armenian)
i moshuar, elder, person i vjetër,
old person, vieç, aged, senat,
senate (Albanian)
zaharrenaren, elder, nagusi, boss,
adult, eldder, antzinako, ancient,
former (Basque)
Latin
Other
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
elder, elder, duine d'aois,
old person, Seanad,
senate (Irish)
Elder, elder, seann duines,
old person, aosda, aged,
Seanadh, senate (Scott)
Elder, elder, person oed,
old person, senedd-au,
senatus-us [or-i] senate, parliament;
a council of
hynafgwr, old man, elde,
hen, adj. old, ancient,
elders, the
Senate; senatus aged (Welsh)
kozh, yen, aged (Breton)
[senati]
consultum, a
sambuco, elder, persona
formal
anziana, old person,
resolution of
senilita, senility;
vecchio, old senato,
the Senate;
senate house (Italian)
senex, senile,
senectus-a-um, aîné, elder, personne
âgée, old person, sénile,
old age,
senecta-ae, old adj. senile; vieux, vielle,
age,
old age, elderly sénat,
aetas-atis, age
senate (French)
jar mara• ž [B
jar mara•] old age and
death, ksaise, old
(Tocharian)
English
Etruscan
SeNATA,
Script
R381
SeNATE,
Script
R584;
(SENATE a
elder [<OE
SeNATES)
eldra],
SeNATES,
council of
Script Q717,
elders, senate,
R584
old [<OE
(Q717eald]
SeNATES A
(Etruscan
SeNATES)
context is
"council")
9-1
SeNIMO
(SeNIMV),
or snimo, Script
N63
SeNATES,
Script
Q717, R584
mehuantah,
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majestic, grand, etc.,
š bu, old, litt tu,
extreme old age,
*paršumu, to let
live to old age,
blessed with old
age, nissatu, old
age, weakness?,
r štû, old, firstborn,
first in sequence,
etc., kibrû, littu,
old man, lab r tu,
to grow old, š b tu,
šâbu, to become
old, š bu, Perseus,
the constella on
“old man”
(Perseus), witness,
elders, old woman,
old man
(Akkadian)
miahuantah,
mihuntadr/miahuantan,
mehuant, miiahunte,
mehuant, miyahwanz,
to be old, elderly,
mehuuandahh/
miiahuuantahh, to make
old, mehuantah,
miahuantah, miahunte,
to make old, to age,
witspant/wetspant, old,
grown old, ŠU-GI, old
(Hittite)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
sentina-ae,
bilge-water,
rabble, dregs of
the population
x
vi-yojayatix to
separate, saptatha,
saptama, the
seventh, saptan,
seven, bahuŸa ,
often, frequently
hapta, seven
(Avestan)
jodâ, ¡¢ separate,
jodâyi, duri,
gosixtegi,
separation, haft,
£¤¥ seven; aghlab,
often (Persian)
,
gantsalk’eveba, to
separate,
,
shvidi, seven,
, khshirad,
often (Georgian)
šindi, šind(i), seven
(Hurrian)
jammin, seven?,
šintarpu, adj.,
seven-year-old
(Hurrian word),
šintunnu, adj.,
seventh (Akkadian)
¦¦§¨ ©ª«,
addziali¬, to
separate, -, siem,
seven,
, asta,
often (Belarusian)
odvojiti, to
separate, sedam,
seven, esto, often
(Croatian)
seda, seven
(Serbo-Croatian)
oddzieli¬, to
separate, siedem,
seven, cz®sto,
often (Polish)
septyni, seven
(Baltic-Lithuanian)
atdal¯t, to separate,
septi°i, seven,
bie±i, often
(Latvian)
a separa, to
separate, sapte,
seven, de multe ori,
often (Romanian)
erottaa, to separate,
seitsemän, seven,
usein, often
(Finnish-Uralic)
usein
•ƒ ²‹ƒ³´ ‹‡‚€µ•,
na diachoristoún, to separate,
…‰‚Œ, eptá, eseven, ‡†³•Œ,
sychná, often (Greek)
¶Ž·Ž”›¸, bazhanel, to separate,
¹º», yot’, seven, ‘Ž¼Ž½,
hachakh, often (Armenian)
për të ndarë, to separate, shtatë,
seven, shpesh, often (Albanian)
zazpi, seven, bereizi, to separate,
distinguish, detach, segregate
(Basque)
separo-aro, to
sever, separate,
consider or
treat separately;
septem, seven;
diu, adv. by
day, for a long
time; rivus-i,
stream; saepio,
saepire, saepsi,
saeptum, to
hedge in,
enclose,
surround,
confine;
saeptum-i,
enclosure where
the Romans
voted at the
comitis;
saepe, often,
frequently
Snenar,
Saenar
(Senir,
Myrrh,
Smyrna, from
Mt. Hermon?,
mother of
Dionysus)
9-2
Sentinates,
name
9-3
a scaradh, to separate,
seacht, seven, go minic,
often (Irish)
a sgaradh, to separate,
seachd, seven, gu tric,
often (Scott)
i wahanu, to separate,
saith, seven, aml, often
(Welsh)
separare, to separate, to
part, sette, seven; spesso,
often; (Italian);
séparer, to divide,
separate; sept, seven,
souvent, often (French)
sibun, seven (Gothic)
s.pät, sukt, seven
(Tocharian)
mark/mrk, to divide,
separate, unravel,
seven,[<OE
seofan],
seventh day
or seventh
river,
enclosure;
9-4
SNENAR
(SNENAO) or
SAENAR
Script DR-1
(name over
image of seated
goddess)
Sentinates,
Script LS-1
sepi, Script
Z1088
(possibly a
name, Seprius
or separate-not
the word
seven);
Sifai (SIFAI),
Script, S-18,
S30, S43,
seven, Person's
name?
tuhs, tuhsana, tuhsani,
tuhus, to separate, to cut
off, to be cut off,
separated, satau, sapta,
siptama, seven,
sptamintsu
(saptmintsu), sevenfold,
satawartana, for seven
rounds, siptmia, seven
drink(s), siptmae, to
seven? (Hittite)
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nikañte [ni-kan],
to bury; daxma [-],
grave (Avestan)
dafn kardan, ¾¿À
ÁÀ Â to bury, bexâk
sepordan, to bury;
§ Ä ª«, zakapa¬,
gur, à grave, tomb to bury, Å Æ ©ª ,
(Persian)
hrabnica, sepulcher,
tomb (Belarusian)
pokopati, to bury,
,
grobnica,
damarkhva, to bury, sepulcher, grob,
khan, khanati, -te,
, saplavi,
tomb (Croatian)
to dig, dig up,
sepulcher, tomb
pochowa¬,
(Georgian)
delve, bury; dha,
zakopac, to bury,
dadhati, dhatte;
grób, sepulcher,
dadhati, -te,to put,
tomb (Polish)
set, lay, think of,
aprakt, to bury,
cause, bear, set
gima u, tomb,
kapa piemineklis,
upon (esp. the
sepulcher, kapenes,
fire), hide,
tomb, b res,
kim u, tomb,
conceal, cover,
grave, qeb ru, to
funeral (Latvian)
cause to
bury the dead, to
be laid in, shut up, bury objects, to be
a îngropa, to bury,
buried, to hide, to
mormânt,
nidadh ti, to bury, roll up, etc.,
sepulcher, tomb
tem ru, to bury, to
sam dhi , tomb
SÇPA, to hoe, to
conceal, to be
destroy, to ruin
sunken, to be
(Romanian)
buried, aštu, pit,
grave, hole,
haudata, to bury,
šuttu, abbu,
hauta, sepulcher,
la tu, pit, šuttatu,
tomb (Finnishgrave, pitfall
Uralic)
(Akkadian)
xziS, zeSati, to
join, connect;
saMdhay,
yati, to put
together, join
with, make peace;
mil, milati, to
meet, assemble,
join, mix,
combine; yat,
yatati, te, to join,
connect, unite;
tandra, series,
line; tati ,
m l ,series,
krama , series in
regular
succession, Avali,
row, range, series;
niyut, team of
horses, series,
row, gift; tantra,
loom, the warp,
anything
continuus, series
•ƒ ȌɅ‹, na thápsei, to bury,
••Ê•ƒ, mníma, sepulcher, ‚ŒË€Ì,
táfos, tomb, nekrotafeio,
cemetery (Greek)
»ŽÍ›¸, t’aghel, to bury,
•›–›Î•Ž”ŽœºÏ”,
gerezmanatun, sepulcher,
•›–›Î•Ž”, gerezman, tomb
(Armenian)
për të varrosur, to bury, varr,
sepulcher, tomb (Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1D.html
a adhlacadh, to bury,
tuama, tomb (Irish)
gus adhlacadh, to bury,
uaigh, tomb, sepulcher
(Scott)
i gladdu, to bury, bedd,
tomb, sepulcher (Welsh)
seppellire, to bury,
sepelio-pelirepelivi and pelti- sepolcro, sepulcher,
peltum, to bury, tomba, tomb (Italian)
enterrer, to bury,
ruin, destroy;
sepulchra-orum, sépulcre, sepulcher;
cimetière, cemetery,
cemetery
tombeau, tomb (French)
ehortzi, to bury, larri, grave,
hilobi, tomb (Basque)
SEPeLES,
Script
Q369
9-5
awah(a)i, burial, )
ñtata-, burial chamber
(Lycian)
peyvastan,
hamkâri kardan,
to join, mottassel
kardan, ÁÀ Â ¡Ð Ñ
to join, unite, reste,
seri Ò Ó series,
mokham,
Æ'¨¦ €Ö ªª ,
abjadno×vacca, to
join together,
§ ª¨Å ت«,
zaciahnu¬, to
¨,
ÔÕÐÑ tight, fesordan, tighten,
sieryja, series
calândan, to join
(Persian)
(Belarusian)
pridru±iti se, to join
together, stegnuti,
, sheuertdes
to tighten, niz,
ertad, to join
series (Croatian)
together,
poøÙczy¬ si®, to join
,
together, dokr®ca¬,
gamk’atsrdes, to
to tighten, seria,
tighten,
,
seria, series
series (Polish)
(Georgian)
apvienoties kop ,
to join together,
pievelciet, to
tighten, s rija,
em du, to be joined
series (Latvian)
together, unite,
s se al ture
support, tax, reach,
assign, etc., kasû, to împreun , to join
together, a strange,
be joined together,
unite, to inflict
to tighten, serie,
diseases, assign,
series, ÚURUB,
etc., rat qu, to join screw, bolt
together, ka ru,
(Romanian)
to join, to tire, to
liittyä yhteen, to
bind together,
join together,
organize,
kiristää, to tighten,
concentrate, make
sarja, series
compact, etc.,
(Finnish-Uralic)
ab tu, to be
joined, to hold or
touch an object, to
connect, to think, to
take over a province
to bury [<OE
byrgan], to
ruin, destroy,
buried, tomb
[<Gk.
tombos]
•ƒ ‡†•… „ƒ‡‚€µ•,
na synergastoún, to join together,
„‹ƒ •ƒ ‡ËˆÛ…‚…, gia na sfíxete, to
tighten, ‡…‹ Œ, seirá, series
(Greek)
•“Ž”Ž¸˜, mianaly, to join
together, ½™œŽÜ”›¸, khstats’nel,
to tighten, ™›–“Ž”, serian, series
(Armenian)
për t'u bashkuar së bashku, to join
together, për t'u shtrënguar, to
tighten, koleksion, seri, series,
(Albanian)
batu, elkartu, to join (Basque)
sero-serere,
serui,
sertum, to join
together,
sero-ere,sevi,
-satum, to sow,
to plant, lit. to
sow the seeds
of, produce
páirt a ghlacadh le chéile,
to join together, níos
doichte, to tighten, sraith,
series (Irish)
tighinn còmhla, to join
together, gus
teannachadh, to tighten,
sreath, series (Scott)
i ymuno â'i gilydd, to join
together, ymuno, to join,
unite, i dynhau, to tighten,
cyfres, series (Welsh)
serrare, to tighten, close,
unirsi insieme, to join
together, serie, series
(Italian)
serrer, to press, to tighten,
to squeeze, to crowd,
close, séries, series
(French)
ritwat ä r, [B rittetär], to
join, unite (Tocharian)
iukan, to yoke,
tme(n)k, to join,
to stick to, affix, to
attach, to have an
affection for,
hap, to join, attach,
hatk/ktk, istapinu, to
close, shut,
hatku/hatkau, tight,
stressed, htkues,
ser, Scripts
TC241, AT-13,
S15
Seramo
(SERAMV)
name, Seramus;
Script Z64
SeRAN, TC28,
K79 Ýthis may
be a reflexive
verb, "ran";
SeREN, Script
to join [<Lat. Z-8, Z30, Z163,
iungo,
Z180, Z336,
iungere,
Z1021, Z1846,
Z1861, AH-2
iunxi,
SEReN, Script
iunctum, to
join] together, L-1;
put in a row,
serev, sereb
(SERE8),
unite
[<LLat.
Script
unire]
N647, N738,
tighten, series N748;
seri, Script
9-6
Z289, Z462,
Z463, Z543,
R359
sero (SERV)
Script S50
serut (SERVT)
Script L-2 (L.
serúit, 3rd.
Pers. S. Perf.)
See also:
8-48 SATeR,
SATeRS, sower
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or city, etc.,
muttetendu, adj.,
joining forces,
banding together,
riksu, joint, bond,
structure, strap,
sash, tie, bandage,
etc., raksu, joined,
attached, tied, hired,
itmudu, joint,
collected,
agglomerated,
išt niš , jointly,
instantly, together,
at the same time,
etc., ullu, yoke,
am du, to yoke, to
make ready,
harness, to drive, to
put on a bandage, to
tie, attach, to
connect, to put on a
bandage, to have
harnessed, ki uru,
joined, linked, girt,
braided (Akkadian)
hatkues, to become tight,
hatkesnu, hatganu, to
tighten, wisurie/a, to tie
up, to be difficult, to
press together, to be
pressing, to suffocate, to
be tied up (Hittite)
ârâmes, âsudegi,
serenity, pâludan,
rowsan kardan, to
clarify; ârâm, âsude,
bijonbes, Þßࢠã ,
tranquil, serene
(Persian)
Æ ¨ , kab
, jasna, to make
clear, ª©å -©
,
nateli gakhados, to
make clear,
cichamirny, serene
, mshvidi,
sodhayati, pun ti,
(Belarusian)
serene (Georgian)
to clarify,
jasno, to make
prasanna, clear,
clear, spokojan,
eb
bu,
to
clear
Ÿ nta, serene,
serene (Croatian)
oneself
of
an
calm, quiet,
wyjaŸni¬, to make
accusation,
to
make
prasphuta,
clear, spokojny,
clean, to clean,
manifest, clear;
serene (Polish)
dharaputa, clear as become cleansed,
murruqu, clear,
skaidrs, to make
water; suprakaza,
intelligible,
clear, mier¯gs,
very bright or
napardû, to make
serene (Latvian)
clear; cikit,
clear, explicit, to
s clarific m, to
visible, clear;
become pleased, to
make clear,
prasannatman, of
brighten, illuminate,
senin, serene
etc., nam ru, to
gracious or
clear up, to become (Romanian)
tranquil mind
clear, intelligible, to tehdä selväksi, to
brighten, illuminate, make clear,
etc., wuddi, adv.,
seesteinen, serene
clearly, evidently,
(Finnish-Uralic)
certainly, nam ru,
clearing, path,
z ku, clarity ,
kupartu,
purification,
zakutû, clear and
definite information,
exemption,
cleanliness
(Akkadian)
mastu, whey,
dadhidrapsa,
whey, dugdham,
milk, k ¯ram,
milk of animals
and plants,of sour
milk; gorasa,
cows milk, milk,
shir, ìï milk,
dusidan, to milk
(Persian)
, shrat’shi,
whey,
, rdze,
milk (Georgian)
€
,
syrovatka, whey,
€, malako,
milk (Belarusian)
surutka, whey,
mlijeko, milk
(Croatian)
serwatka, whey,
mleko, milk
(Polish)
sðkalas, whey,
„‹ƒ •ƒ 惂ƒ‡‚…ˆ ‡ƒË Ì, gia na
katasteí safés, to make clear,
„ƒŠÊ•‹€Ì, galínios, serene (Greek)
ꎖΛܔ›¸ºÏ ‘Ž•Ž–,
parzets’nelu hamar, to make clear,
‘Ž”•“™œ, hangist, serene
sereno-are
(Armenian) për ta bërë të qartë, to
make clear, i qetë, serene, tranquil
(Albanian)
argitzeko, to make clear, lasaia,
serene (Basque)
€ óÌ „ŒŠƒæ‚€Ì, orrós gálaktos,
whey, „ŒŠƒ, gála, milk (Greek)
ô“¼ºÏõ, shichuk, whey, õŽ»˜,
kat’y, milk (Armenian)
hirrë, whey, qumësht, milk,
SEROM, serom (Albanian)
a dhéanamh soiléir, to
make clear, serene, serene
(Irish)
gus a dhèanamh soilleir,
to make clear, serene,
serene (Scott)
i wneud yn glir, to make
clear, egluro, to explain,
clarify; clirio, to clear,
seren, serene (Welsh)
per chiarire, to make
clear, sereno, serene
(Italian)
faire clair, to make clear,
serein, serene, placid;
sérénité, serenity (French)
prkua(i), paparkua, to
cleanse, purify,
thusia? quiet, silent, to
keep silent (Luvian)
to make clear
[<Lat.
clarus-a
um, clear,
bright], make
bright, fair
weather,
eclair, a
pastry [<OFr.
esclair,
lightning]
serene, quiet
[<Lat. quietus
-a -um,
resting]
SeREN, Script
Z-8, Z30, Z163,
Z180, Z336,
Z1021, Z1846,
Z1861, AH-2
SERReN,
Script S22
parkunu, parku(i)e/a, to
cleanse, to purify, to
declare innocent, to
9-7
justify, to castrate, to
clarify, to clear up, to
become pure, prkui,
prkuwai, clean, pure,
clear, free of, proven
innocent, parkui, pure,
clean (Hittite)
serum-i, whey
lac-lactis, milk
meadhg, whey,
bainne, milk, serom,
serom (Irish)
meud, whey, bainne,
milk, seomar, serom
(Scott)
maidd (meiddion),
gleision, whey; blith
-ion, milk; llaeth
(lleithion), milk,
buttermilk, serom, serom
whey [<OE
hwaeg] milk
[<OE milc]
9-8
serom
(SERVM),
Script Z1153
see also, "ser,"
.i.e., "we join
together"
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udhasya, milking,
milk
x
ilpu, milk, al pu,
milk, to milk, šizbu,
zizibu, milk
(Akkadian)
x
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1D.html
piens, milk,
seroma, serom
(Latvian)
zer, whey,
lapte, milk
(Romanian)
hera, whey, maito,
milk (FinnishUralic)
x
(Welsh)
siero del latte, whey; latte,
milk, siero, serum;
(Italian)
petit-lait, whey, lait, milk;
sérum, serum (French)
malke, milk (Tocharian)
x
x
x
Seriphus,
island in the
western
Cyclades?
See ser
above.
serphoe
(SERPHVE),
Script
Z1168
9-9
x
xshö [ta], for him,
his, hvat÷ [-],
himself, herself,
thyself (Avestan)
, tavad,
himself, itself,
, tviton,
herself (Georgian)
-ni, single, -na, pl.,
him, the (Urartian)
-, sam, himself,
itself, - , sama,
herself (Belarusian)
sam, himself,
ona sama, herself,
sebe, itself
(Croatian)
samego siebie,
himself, si®,
herself, samo, itself
(Polish)
pats, himself, pati,
herself, pati par
sevi, itself
(Latvian)
se, himself, herself,
în sine, itself
(Romanian)
hän itse, himself,
oma itsensä,
herself, itse, itself
(Finnish-Uralic)
x€ ˆ²‹€Ì,
se, sese
o ídios, himself, …ƒ†‚Ê•, eaftín,
herself, …ƒ†‚ó, eaftó itself (Greek)
“”ù˜, ink’y, himself, “”ù” “–›”,
ink’n iren, herself, itself
(Armenian)
vetë, himself, herself, itself
(Albanian)
e féin, himself, í féin
herself, féin itself (Irish)
e fhèin, himself, herself,
fhèin, itself (Scott)
himself,
herself, itself
sese, Script
Q424, Q661,
Q767
9-10
ei hun, himself, herself,
itself (Welsh)
si (Italian)
se (French
-(ä)•, him, her, it
(Tocharian)
ehbi(je)-, his (Lycian)
apasila, himself, se, her,
for her, him, it, si/sase,
her, his, its (Hittite)
xshvash, six,
xshtûm [xshtva],
sixth (Avestan)
sasom, Ôüï sixth
(Persian)
Sastha, sixth; the
sixth hour of the
day
, meekvse,
sixth (Georgian)
še±e, šeše, six
(Hurrian)
šad šiu, sixth,
šeššu, adj., sixth,
šeššu, one sixth,
šašš tešu, for the
sixth time,
(Akkadian)
sad, sIdati, to sit,
seat one's self
(esp. for a
sacrifice), lie
down, around or
in wait for, be
overcome, fall
into trouble,
distress or
despair, decay,
vanish; sthA,
tiSThati, -te, to
stand, stay, stop,
remain, wait; as,
aste, to sit, seat
one's self on,
settle down, keep
quiet, rest, lie,
dwell, stay,
âste [âh, þñh] to sit
(Avestan)
nešastan, to sit
(Persian)
,
dajdoma, to sit
(Georgian)
naÿ-, sit down, to
carry away
(Urartian)
naÿÿ-, sit down, to
set, to place
(Hurrian)
aš bu, to sit down,
wait, stay
€
, šosty, sixth
(Belarusian)
šesti, sixth
(Croatian)
szósty, sixth
(Polish)
sest , sixth
(Latvian)
ÚASE, six, ýaselea,
sixth (Romanian)
kuudes, sixth
(Finnish-Uralic)
¨¦§ ª«, siadzie¬,
to sit (Belarusian)
sat, sate, to sit
(Serbo-Croatian)
sjesti, to sit
(Croatian)
usiÙŸ¬, to sit
(Polish)
sesta, seat; sestun,
to sit (BalticSudovian)
s d t, to sit
(Latvian)
a sta, to sit, ÚEDE,
he/she sits; SAT,
SATUL, village,
the village
(Romanian)
istua, to sit
æ‚€Ì, éktos, sixth (Greek)
•›Ü›–º–—,
vets’erord, sixth (Albanian)
i gjashtë, sixth
(Albanian)
sextus
séú, sixth (Irish)
an t-siathamh, sixth
(Scott)
chwech, six, chweched,
sixth (Welsh)
sesto, sixth (Italian);
sieziéme, sixth (French)
sixth [<OE
siex, six]
9-11
sesto, sestu
(SESTV),
Script Q209,
Q224
sei, sixth, seigarren, sixth
(Basque)
s.äk, six (Tocharian)
Suigh, to sit (Irish)
suidhe, to sit (Scott)
eistedd, to sit, seat
(Welsh)
sedere, to sit (Italian)
s'asseoir, to sit,
siège, seat; (French)
•ƒ æƒÈˆ‡…‹, na kathísei, to sit
(Greek)
”™œ›¸, nstel, to sit (Armenian)
te ulesh, to sit
(Albanian)
sedeo, sedere,
sedi
to sit [<OE
sittan]
s • [B as •] seat
(Tocharian)
aha-A to sit (Lydian)
asati, astti to sit (Lycian)
as- , s-, sa, es/as, to sit,
es, to sit down,
9-12
seti, Script
Z1835
setio (SETIV)
Script CJ-9
setis, Script
XB-16
SEToM,
SETuM,
(SETvM),
Script
TC103
asas/ase/is, asa, to seat,
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remain
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ase/isanu,
somewhere, reside,
to live, ašbu, sitting,
tenant, inhabitant,
(Finnish-Uralic)
present (Akkadian)
sesnu/sisnu, to seat, to
settle (Hittite)
âyâ, xâh, yâ,
whether, conj. agar,
if, conj.
(Persian)
, tu, if
(Georgian)
ai, if, ai(-), if, when
(Hurrian)
v , or, whether
k ma, conj., if, in case,
in the manner of,
according to, as soon
as, when, as, that,
whether, because, on
account of, so that
(Akkadian)
©, kali, if
(Belarusian)
ako, if (Croatian)
gdyby, if (Polish)
ja, if (Latvian)
dac , if, SAU, or,
or else (Romanian)
jos, if (FinnishUralic)
dá, if (Irish)
ma tha, if (Scott)
ai, os, if, whether; pe,
conj. (Welsh)
se, if (Italian)
si, if (French)
ĥ, ean, an, if (Greek)
›»›, yet’e, if (Armenian)
nëse, if (Albanian)
sive and seu
kupre [B kwri, krui], if,
when, kupre-ne, if, if
ever, when (Tocharian)
if [<OE gif],
whether
[<OE
hwhether]
9-13
taku, if, when,
man, if, whenever,
whether....or (Hittite)
x
x
x
x
x
!…µÌ Zeus (Greek)
siv, sIvyati, -te, to
sew
ª«, šy¬, to sew
(Belarusian)
duxt, to sew
syc, to sew
(Yagnobian)
(Belarus)
duxtan,
šivati, to sew
(Croatian)
¾ #$À to sew
siti, sew; vidi sev,
(Persian)
sewn
(Serbo-Croatian)
, k’erva, to
szy¬, to sew
sew (Georgian)
(Polish)
shut, to sew (Baltic
Sudovian)
kubbû, to sew,
patch, kubbû, sewn, šðt, to sew
patched (Akkadian) (Latvian)
a coase, to sew
(Romanian)
ommella, to sew
(Finnish-Uralic)
•ƒ Œ%´, na rávo, rabo, to sew
(Greek)
õŽ–›¸, karel, to sew (Armenian)
për të qepur, to sew; thur, to stitch
(Albanian)
Zeus, name
of
Greek god?
9-14
suo, suere, sui,
sutum, to sew,
stitch, join
together;
suescosuescere, suevi,
suetum, to be
accustomed;
sew, sew, chun stitch, to
stitch (Irish)
gus sew, to sew, fuaigh,
stitch, knit, connect
(Scott)
i gwn&o, to sew, stitch
(Welsh)
(Scott)
suturare, vi, to stitch,
suture, cucire, vi. to sew
(Italian):
coudre, to sew, piquer, to
stitch; brocher, to stitch,
suturer, to suture
(French)
sr/srie/a, to sew,
embroider, to truss
seo, seu (SEV),
Script Z359,
Z396
si, Script Q53,
Q283, Q303,
R40, R53,
R173,
R195, G14,
G45,
TC170, K46,
K52, M50,
AB-6, AN-53,
PG-1, ZB-1,
Z79, Z104,
Z139, R176,
Q53, Q283,
Q303, R39,
R53, R173,
R195, G13,
G36, TC170,
K46, K52,
M50, AB-7,
AN-53, PQ-2,
XT-5
Seus, Seos
(SEVS),
Script Z336,
Z446, Z1591,
Z1861, P-2
su (sf), Script
AP-1; TC307
M50, DR-4;
CP34
sua (sfa), Script
AF13, AJ-11,
to sew [<OE
BT24
seowian], to
sue (sfe), Script
stitch, join
Z128, Z131,
together; to
Z224, Z412,
sweat, to toil?
Z1809
suem (sfem),
9-15
Script
Z656, Z1835,
Z1770;
suis (sfis),
Script AP-5;
note (1)
(Hittite)
saxt, saxtgir,
bipirâye, jeddi
Ò+¡¢severe
(Persian)
khara, severe,
paru a, rough,
harsh, dAruNa, to
be hard, rough,
harsh, cruel,
severe
ª¨= ©, cia±ki,
severe (Belarusian)
ozbiljan, severe
(Croatian)
silny, severe
(Polish)
smags, severe
(Latvian)
sever, severe
(Romanian)
vaikea, severe
(Finnish-Uralic)
ƒ†‡‚> óÌ, afstirós, severe
(Greek)
@Ž”–, tsanr, severe (Armenian)
i rëndë, severe (Albanian)
severus-a-um,
grave, serious,
strict, stern,
hard; adv.
severe
dian, severe (Irish)
dona, severe, (Scott)
difrifol, severe (Welsh)
dygn, hard, severe,
savage (Welsh)
grave, severo,
severe, sviare,
to deviate, avert, lead
astray (Italian);
sévère, severe; éviter, to
avoid, avert (French)
Severus, a
name of an
Etruscan
queen / king;
to be severe;
to turn side,
swerve [<OE
sweorfan],
veer,
[<OFr. virer]
SeVERA
(SeFERA),
Script
K31; see
SV8ERA,
Script Q372,
Q391,
which is also
used in the
context of a
name
9-16
, mdzime,
severe (Georgian)
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dann tu, severe
words or orders
(Akkadian)
gushte khuk
^Ã# £ïÃ
pork (Persian)
\ðkaraka, pork
, ghoris,
swine, pork
(Georgian)
uz ru, hog,
huz r nu, pig-like
(Akkadian)
sut,
whistle,
nây, sut kasidan, to
whistle (Persian)
zus, zusati, to
blow, hiss (of a
, misia, to hiss
snake); hiss,
whistle, yell, gasp, (Georgian)
exert one's self,
endeavour;
azû, to hiss,
nap u, to hiss,
Ÿvas¯t, zvas,
blow something, be
zvasiti, zvasati,
bloated, swollen,
-te, to blow,
etc., naz qu, to
bluster, hiss,
hiss, squeak, to
cause worries, to be
whistle, snort,
upset, etc., nazzizu,
breathe, sigh,
hissing, zizzu, hiss,
gasp, groan
buzz (Akkadian)
atha-, therefore,
moreover,
adas, thus, an ,
thus, indeed,
asty evam, it is so
atha [-], so, thus
(Avestan)
bedin tartib, ¾|¡
}ì~ ~ thus,
banâbarin,
x © ¨, svinnia,
swine, pork
(Belarusian)
svinja, swine,
svinjetina, pork
(Croatian)
wieprz, swine,
wieprzowina, pork
(Polish)
cðkas, swine,
cðkga`a, pork
(Latvian)
porcine, swine,
porc, pork
(Romanian)
sika, swine,
sianliha, pork
(Finnish-Uralic)
Ä ª«, šypie¬, t o
hiss (Belarusian)
da zvi±de, to hiss
(Croatian)
sycze¬, to hiss
(Polish)
uz zag`iem, to hiss
(Latvian)
la sunete, to hiss
(Romanian)
hiljaa, to hiss
(Finnish-Uralic)
©-,
takim ynam, thus,
-Ø, tamut,
therefore
(Belarusian)
tako, thus, stoga,
therefore (Croatian)
¾| •à therefore
a zatem, thus, w
(Persian)
zwiÙzku z tym,
therefore (Polish)
,
t d j di, thus,
amgvarad, thus,
, amit’om, t p c, therefore
therefore (Georgian) (Latvian)
³€ˆ €Ì, choíros, swine, x³€‹ ‹•ó,
choirinó, pork (Greek)
½ºÎ“, khozi, swine, ½ºÎ“ •“™,
khozi mis, pork (Armenian)
derr, swine, mish derri, pork
(Albanian)
sullus-a-um, a
swine
muc, swine, muiceoil,
pork (Irish)
muc, swine, muiceann,
pork (Scott)
moch, swine, porc, pork
(Welsh)
suino, swine, maiale,
pork, porco, pig
(Italian)
porc, swine, pork
(French)
Sulla, a
name?
swine [<OE
swin] pork
[<Lat.
porcus-i, pig]
Sula, (SFLA),
Script TC19
9-17
ŠAH, pig, Mutn, mutan,
pig food (Hittite)
• ³ ‹ ‚€ ‡Ëµ ‹„•ƒ,
sfyrigma, méchri to sf{rigma, to
hiss, sfyrizo, whistle (Greek)
ΕŽ¸º•, zgalov, to hiss
(Armenian)
për të fërshëlleu, to hiss
(Albanian)
sibilo-are
txistu egin, hiss (txsistu, whistle)
(Basque)
‚‡‹, étsi, thus, …‰€• •´Ì,
epoménos, therefore (Greek)
Ž¹—ê“™º•, aydpisov, thus,
‘›œ›ÏŽ¶Ž–, hetevabar,
therefore (Armenian)
kështu, thus, prandaj, therefore
(Albanian)
hortaz, therefore, beraz, honela,
thus (Basque)
sic, thus, in this
way
le sliabh, to hiss (Irish)
gu a chasan, to hiss
(Scott)
i deuluoedd, to hiss,
hisian (hisi-); hysian
hysio), to hiss, set on,
incite (Welsh)
sibilare, to hiss (Italian)
siffler, to hiss (French)
dá bhrí sin, thus, therefore
(Irish)
mar sin, thus, therefore
(Scott)
felly, thus, therefore,
(Welsh)
cosi, thus, perciò,
therefore (Italian);
ainsi, thus, donc,
therefore, thus (French)
to hiss [<ME
hissen],
whistle [<OE
hwistlian]?
sib (SI8), Script
N505, N563
9-18
so [<OE
swa], thus
[<OE thus],
in this way,
like this, as
follows, in
that case, to
such a degree
sic, Script
Z357, Z396,
Z405, Z1417;
TC150, TC179;
sik, Script
XV-12
9-19
-MA, so, thus (Hittite)
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anam-, anammi-, so,
in this way
(Hurrian)
akanna, kennam,
thus, in the
following way,
prin urmare, thus,
therefore
(Romanian)
täten, thus, siksi,
therefore (FinnishUralic) t d j di
appitti, thus, just as,
accordingly, šatti, in
ana šatti, therefore,
thereupon for this
reason (Akkadian)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Sicilia-ae
[Siculi]-orum,
Sicily; Siculus
-a-um, Sicilian;
x
x
x
Sicilian,
Sicily?
Sical, Script
Q795, Q805
9-20
Sifai, name
SIFAI, Script
S-15, S30, S40
9-21
alâmat,
, sign,
signal, mark,
nesâne, padide,
sign (Persian)
,
kheli moats’eros, to
sign,
,
nishania, mark,
badge, sign,
,
monishvna, to mark,
(Georgian)
,
padpisa , to sign,
, adznaka,
mark, a
, znak,
sign (Belarusian)
potpisati, to sign,
oznaka, label,
mark, designation,
ittu, mark, sign,
oznake, insignia
feature, omen,
cihnam, sign,
(Croatian)
mark, indication, ominous, sign,
password, signal
podpisa , to sign,
karana, adj.,
characteristic,
znak, mark,
cause, reason,
diagram, giskimmu, insygnia, insignia
motive, sign,
sign, omen, addu, (Polish)
mark, document,
sign, signal, š ru,
proof; ligga, mark, ominous sign, meat, parakst t, to sign,
z me, mark, sign,
sign, emblem,
kin, flesh, kakku,
signal, z motnes,
sign predictin
badge,
insignia (Latvian)
certain events,
characteristic,
standard, warfare,
a SEMNA, to sign,
proof, idol,
troops, standard
marc , brand,
gender; cihva,
with divine symbol, mark, score,
sign, mark;
etc., maššû, signal, însemn, insignia
cihvay, -yati, to
sign, tiqun,
(Romanian)
mark, stamp, sign insignia, ornament,
allekirjoittaa, to
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx embellishment,
sign, merkki, mark,
sign, brand,
arvomerkki,
par u, insignia,
insignia (Finnishsymbol, office,
Uralic)
power, divine
authority. etc., palû,
insigne of kingship,
hegemony, dynasty,
reign of a king, etc.,,
idû, to mark assign,
identify, recognize,
to be experienced,
etc., šam tu, to
mark, šar u, to
mark?, to pluck,
šendu, marked,
branded, š mitu,
marker, brander,
šimtu, mark,
, na ypográpsei, to
sign, symeiono, bathmologo,
mark,
€• ‚ , emvlímata,
emblimata, insignia (Greek)
ƒ„…†‡ˆ†‰Š, storagrel, to sign,
‹Œ‡ˆ•‰Š, nshagtsel, mark, Ž
‹Œ‡‹, i nshan, insignia
(Armenian)
për të nënshkruar, to sign, shenjë,
mark, insignia (Albanian)
markatu, mark, to mark, sinatu, to
sign, zeinu, sign, seinale, signal,
sign (Basque)
a shíniú, to sign, marc,
mark, tag, suaitheantais,
insignia (Irish)
a shoidhnigeadh, to sign,
comharra, mark,
comharraidhean, insignia
(Scott)
i llofnodi (llawnodi), to
sign, arwyddo, to sign,
signify, connote, indicate,
marcio, to mark,
arwyddluniau, insignia
(Welsh)
segno, sign; segnare, to
score, mark, sign,
signo-are, to
marchio, mark, brand,
sign, signum-i,
insegne, insignia (Italian)
sign, nota-ae,
signe, sign, signer, to
mark, sign,
sign, marque, mark,
note, insigne-is,
insigne, insignia (French)
insignia,
sokjan, to search
Marcus-i, name, (Gothic)
Mark,
ketu, sign, celestial flame
(Tocharian)
sakiahh, sakiah, to sign,
signal, to give a sign or
omen, indicate,
sakiasr/sakiasn, sign,
omen, sakiie/a, sakie/a,
to give a sign, to give an
omen, to reveal, to
exemplify, sagai, sign,
omen, miracle?, warning,
feature, characteristic,
sakiah, signal, to give a
sign or omen, indicate
(Hittite)
sik, Script
Z1787;
sikne, Script
Z1835
to mark [<OE ("ne" suffix
may be
indication of
mearc],
name of people,
inscribe, to
as in RASNE);
sign, a sign,
mark, to sign, possibly Conj.
Pres. 3rd Pers.
mark,
S. signet
insignia
[<Lat.
See also
insigne]
MARCE, J3-5,
MARCA, M-8,
9-22
probably the
name Mark:
-a, Nom. Pl. N.
-e, Abl. Singl.
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marking, glue,
paint, branding iron,
šik u, mark on the
exta or the body
(Akkadian)
sâket, ••‘ silent,
sekut, silence,
xâmusi, ârâmes,
silence (Persian)
, iq’os
chumad, to be
silent,
,
dumili, silence
(Georgian)
qajalu, adj.,
taciturn, pius,
attentive, eager,
q lu, silence, calm,
stupor, q ltu,
silence, dead of
night, esû, murrû,
to be silent,
maunin, silent,
maunam, silence,
tusnibhava,
silence; nihzabda,
adj. noiseless,
silent; silence;
avyahrta, not
speaking, silence
qâlu, to become
silent, to keep
silent constantly, to
stay quiet, to heed,
to listen, qâliš, adv.,
silently, in silence,
nu u, adj., quiet,
n u, quiet, safe,
calm, secure,
undisturbed, slow,
n iš, adv., quietly,
gently, nâ u, to
quiet a child, calm
furor, rest, to pacify
a country, people,
etc., *sapu, to
silence, to be silent,
to subdue, etc.,
šiššu, silence, quiet,
šaqummiš, adv., in
silence, in
consternation,
“ ”• ,
ma–—a , to be
silent, ˜™ š,
ci›ynia, silence
(Belarusian)
›utjeti, to be silent,
ti›ina, silence,
nijem, silent,
(Croatian)
by cicho, to be
silent, cisza, silence
(Polish)
klusœt, to be silent,
klusums, silence
(Latvian)
a fi tacut, to be
silent, t cere,
silence (Romanian)
olla hiljaa, to be
silent, hiljaisuus,
silence (FinnishUralic)
•
ž Ÿ €óV,
na eínai siopilós, to be silent,
ž Ÿ •, siopí, silence (Greek)
Š¡‰Š…¢ £‡¤‡†,
lrrelu hamar, to be silent,
Š¡…¢¥¦…¢‹, lrrut’yun, silence,
„‡ƒŽ„, tasit, tacit (Armenian)
të hesht, to be silent, hesht,
silence, qetësoj, resht, to be
quiet; heshtje, qetësi, quiet
(Albanian)
sileo-ere-ui, to
be still, silent
isilik, silent, isiltasun, silence,
lasai, quiet, still (Basque)
a bheith ciúin, to be silent
(Irish)
a bhith sàmhach, to be
silent (Scott)
i fod yn dawel, to be
silent, tawedog, silent,
taciturn, reticent; tewi, to
be silent; distewi, to be
silent, calm, quiet, to hush
(Welsh)
essere silenzioso, to be
silent, silenzio, silence,
quiet (Italian)
être silencieux, to be
silent, silence, silence
(French)
thusia?, to keep silent,
quiet (Luvian)
to be still
[<OE still],
silent, quiet;
[<Lat. quietus
-a-um], hush
[Prob. <ME
husht, silent],
taciturn,
[<Lat.
taciturnus]
sila, Script
K-12, TC213
silar, Script
TC213?,
PG-1?, PO-2
9-23
karussiianu, kari(a)nu,
krinu/krianu, to silence,
krus(ie/a), to be silent,
krusiantili, silently,
quietly (Hittite)
ša rartu, deathly
silence, devestation
(Akkadian)
agniprastara§,
ara¨i§, flint,
adri, rock, stone,
esp. bruising or
hurling stone;
mountain, cloud;
zara, mottled,
spotted, a stone
used at games;
pasana
shishe,
glass,
sange âtaszane,
xârâ, sange xârâ,
flint (Persian)
, plint’i,
flint,
,
k’ench’i, pebble
(Georgian)
©ª“« ,
kremie¬, flint,
- ® , ha¯ka,
pebble (Belarusian)
kremen, flint,
›ljunak, pebble
(Croatian)
krzemie¬, flint,
kamyk, pebble
(Polish)
kr ts, flint, olis,
silex-icis, flint,
ó€ ° V, kremie¬
saxum-i, rock,
pyrólithos, flint,
stone,
tsakmakopetra,
flint, ± €•² , chalíki, pebble,
ó‚ž € , vótsalo, pebble (Greek)
Œ‰†„, shert, flint, ‡³´µ, aghby,
pebble (Armenian)
gur stralli, stone, flint, stralli,
flint,
gurickë, pebble
(Albanian)
flint, flint, méaróg, pebble
(Irish)
flint, flint, ceàrnag,
pebble (Scott)
fflint, flint; callestr,
flint; carreg (cerrig),
stone (Welsh)
silice, flint, ciottolo,
pebble (Italian)
silex, flint, caillou, pebble
(French)
hard stone,
flint [<OE
flint], chert
SILiCI, Script
Z-1,
TC283, BT-1
9-24
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ajara u (see
urija u), a stone,
meš ltu, flint,
sharpened stone,
blade urru, flint,
flint blade, obsidian
(Akkadian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1D.html
pebble (Latvian)
cremene, flint,
prundi¶, pebble
(Romanian)
piikivi, flint, kivi,
pebble (FinnishUralic)
kärwañ* ( [B kärweñe],
stone, rock, pebble
(Tocharian)
(passilas), stone,
pasila, pebble, precious
stone, gem, pasilant,
stone, pebble, pasuela,
stone object
zak, zaknoti, to be
able, assist
vîs-to be, to
become, to come
(Avestan)
hastam man, ·¸¹º »
I am, budan, ¼½¾¿ to
be (Persian)
, me var, I
am,
, q’opna,
to be (Georgian)
mann-, to be, tuppto be, exist, be
present, ur-, to be
(Hurrian)
*kânu, to be
(Akkadian)
š, ja, I am, À™ ,
by , to be
(Belarusian)
Ja sam, I am, biti,
to be (Croatian)
jestem, I am, by ,
to be (Polish)
ES esmu, I am, bÁt,
to be (Latvian)
eu sunt, I am, a fi,
to be, SUNT, they
are (Romanian)
(Romanian)
minä olen, I am,
olla, to be (FinnishUralic)
tá mé, I am, a bheith, to
be (Irish)
Tha mise, I am, Gu bhith,
to be (Scott)
Dwi yn, I am, bod, i fod,
to be, exist (Welsh)
sono, 1st pers. sing. to be;
pl. siamo, essere, to be
(Italian)
je suis, I am, être, to be,
Ÿ
, ego eimai, I am,
• , na eínai, to be (Greek)
‰ƒ ‰¤, yes yem, I am, ŠŽ‹‰Š, linel,
to be (Armenian)
unë jam, I am, te behesh, to be
(Albanian)
sim, I am, sum,
esse, fui, to be,
sumus, 1st pers.
pl. sunt, third
person pl.
suit, 1st pers. sing.
sommes, 1st pers.pl. I am,
we are, 3rd Pers. Pl. sont
(French)
to be, 1st
person sing.,
subj.,"I am"
9-25
es-(/ah-), to be (Lycian)
sont, sunt
(SÂNT),
Script Q701
a›, to be (Palaic)
asa, sa (Nesian, es),
bÁt
sim, Script Z-1,
Z897, Z1192,
Q-3
som, sum,
(SÂM),
Script N522,
N582;
some, sume,
(SÂME)
Script Q278,
R339, R474,
PQ-17
s- , es/as, # asa, sa to be
(Hittite)
harchand, ÄÅÆ Çº
however, though
garce, vali, adv.,
conj., however,
ejâze dâdan,
to let, bi È¿ ,
without (Persian)
yathà yathÃ,
however, in
whatever way,
ÃstÃñcakravartitÃ,
to let alone
, tumtsa,
however,
, mart’o
rom vtkvat, to let
alone,
,
gareshe, without
(Georgian)
alla, but, rather,
râ u, let go, to
come to help, to
come, ramû, to let
go, drop, leave
behind, discontinue
work, become weak,
go limp. to release,
, adnak,
however,
É
É
, pakinu u
spakoi, to let alone,
À« , biez, without
(Belarusian)
meÊutim, however,
da se pusti, to let
alone, bez, without
(Croatian)
jednak, however,
pozwoli na sam, to
let alone, bez,
without (Polish)
tomœr, however,
atlaist vien, to let
alone, bez, without
(Latvian)
in orice caz,
however, SINE,
self, s nu mai
vorbim, to let
alone, f r , without
(Romanian)
kuitenkin, however,
puhumattakaan, to
let alone, ilman,
without (FinnishUralic)
Ÿž‚óž , ostóso, however, omos,
however,
Ë ±
, gia
na min xechnáme, to let alone,
±Ÿ •V, chorís, without (Greek)
ƒ‡Ì‡¦‹, sakayn, however,
¤‰‹‡Ì ¥…³‹‰Š, menak t’voghnel,
to let alone, ‡¡‡‹Í, arrants’,
without (Armenian) megjithatë,
however, për të lënë të qetë, to let
alone, pa, without (Albanian)
baina bada, but if, ordea,
alabaina, however, bakarrik
uzteko, to let alone, gabe,
without, (Basque)
sin; but if, if
however; sine,
prep., without,
sino, sinere,
sivi, situm, to
let alone
ach, however, gan trácht
ar, to let alone, gan,
without (Irish)
ge-tà, however, gun a
bhith a 'leigeil leis, to let
alone, às aonais, without
(Scott)
hagen, conj. but,
moreover, however,
i sôn am sôn, to let alone,
heb, without (Welsh)
sino, until, as far as, up to,
down to, as much as,
però, however, per non
parlare, to let alone,
senza, without (Italian)
sinon, else, or else,
otherwise, if not, except,
unless, toutefois,
however, pour laisser
seul, to let alone, sans,
without, wanting (French)
but if, if
however;
without; to let
alone, leave,
[<OE lÎfan]
allow, to let;
9-26
sin, Script Z19,
Z245, Z255,
Z289, Z396,
Z405, Z516,
Z1073, TC266;
sina, Script
Z805, Z817;
RA-2
sine, Script
Z137
tark, tama, B tarkana],
tarna to let go, let, allow
(Tocharian)
many kmm t(i)-,
however,-ma, -a-, but,
and, ma?, but, kuit imma
kuit, however,
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kmme/i, kmmet(i),
however many,
masi, how many,
however many, however
much, masianki, adv.
masiant, adj. however
many times,
permit, allow, etc.,
illa, šal nu,
without, la, without,
no, not (Akkadian)
dala/dali, dala/dal,
let, to leave, to let in
peace, tarna->, let loose,
trna/trn, let go, to leave
something, to allow,
(Hittite)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Sinam, name
of town,
Sienna?
("am" suffix
suggests
sing.gen.
noun
sinam, Script
PC-12
9-27
bârhâ, adv. often,
• Ö , —asta, often,
® É, zaslonu,
curtain (Belarusian)
—esto, often,
, khshirad, zavjesa, curtain
(Croatian)
often,
,
czesto, often,
parda, curtain
kurtyna, curtain
(Georgian)
(Polish)
bie×i, often,
daltu, in ša dalti,
aizkaru, curtain
curtain for a canopy, (Latvian)
de multe ori, often,
paruktu, curtain?,
perdea, curtain
screen? (Akkadian)
(Romanian)
usein, often,
verho, curtain
(Finnish-Uralic)
aghiab, •ÑÒ•Ó often,
parde, Ô½ÇÕ curtain
(Persian)
ceÏÐÃ, often
(action) parokÏe,
curtain,
tiraskari¨ ,
javanikÃ, curtain
gilâs, Ü ÝÞ cherry
(Persian)
ceriphalaÛ,
cherry (fruit)
icchati, to wish,
kÃmanÃ, kamita,
wish, desire,
yÃcate, to ask
vanana, desire;
ipsa, esti; varasya,
wish, desiretama,
longing, desire,
durÃçÃ, wish,
hope
, alubali,
cherry (Georgian)
vas [-], to wish
(Avestan)
meyl, kâm, to
desire, wish, ârezu,
ß ˜ ãß™,
vi›niovy, cherry
(Belarusian)
tre›nja, cherry
(Croatian)
czeresnia, wisnia,
cherry (Polish)
visnaitas (BalticSudovian)
åirsis, cherry
(Latvian)
CIREæ, cirea¶ ,
cherry (Romanian)
kirsikka, cherry
(Finnish-Uralic)
è
,
pa×ada , to wish,
è
«, na
×adannie, to desire
(Belarusian)
po×eljeti, to wish,
×eljeti, to desire
(Croatian)
ìyczy , to wish,
chec, pozadanie,
desire, poìïda , to
ž ± , sychná, often, ² ‚• ,
kourtína, curtain (Greek)
£‡Ø‡Ù, hachakh, often,
Ú‡†‡ˆ…¢¦†µ, varaguyry, curtain
(Armenian)
shpesh, often, perde, curtain
(Albanian)
² ž , kerási, cherry (Greek)
´‡Š, bal, cherry (Armenian)
qershi, cherry (Albanian)
± °ð, na efchithó, to wish,
°
õ , na epithymoún, to
desire (Greek)
͇‹Ì…¢¥¦…¢‹, ts’ankut’yun, to
wish, ͇‹Ì‡‹‡Š, ts’ankanal, to
desire (Armenian)
te uroj, dëshirë, to wish, për të
dëshiruar, to desire (Albanian)
nahi, wish, desira, wish, lust,
disiratu, to wish, lust, irrits,
saepe, often;
saepio, saepire,
saepsi, saeptu,
to hedge in
cerasus-i,
cherry
si vis; see volo;
volo, velle,
volui [vin =
visne; sis = si
vis; sultris = si
vultris
go minic, often, imbhalla,
curtain (Irish)
gu tric, often, cùirteir,
curtain (Scott)
aml (amal), adv. often,
adj., frequent, abundant,
llen, curtain (Welsh)
sipario, a curtain; spesso,
often (Italian):
rideau, a curtain; souvent,
often (French)
silíní, cherry (Irish)
siris, saoghail, cherry
(Scott)
ceiriosen (ceirios), cherry
(Welsh)
cillegia, cherry (Italian)
cerise, cherry
(French)
ar mian leo, to wish, dúil,
desire (Irish)
a dh 'iarraidh, to wish,
miann, desire (Scott)
i ddymuno, to wish,
deisyf (deisyfu), to desire,
wish, crave, supplicate,
beg, awydd, desire,
(Welsh)
augerio, wish, greeting,
augury, omen, desiderare,
often [<OE
oft],
frequently; to
enclose,
hedge in,
surround,
confine,
curtain
[<LLat.
cortina]
sip, Script
ZB-1;
sipa, Script
K25; see sep
sipo (SIPO)
Script XM-8
9-28
cherry [<Gk.
kerasos,
cherry tree]
sires, Script
Z872
9-29
to be willing,
to wish [<OE
wyscan], to
want,
to desire
[<Lat.
desidero-are,
to long for,
wish for]
sis, Script
TC56, R45,
AN43, T-11,
BT-23
sisi, or sise Z68
9-30
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desire, ârezu
kardan, ¼½Ç• ö÷øû to
wish (Persian)
,
vusurvo, to wish,
, survili,
to desire (Georgian)
›ar-, desire, demand,
Ár-, ur-, desire, want
(Hurrian)
er šu, izimtu,
uršu, wish, desire,
erištu, wish,
request, object of
desire, ominous
mark, m rešu,
abi tu, wish, ašu,
wish, need,
m reštu, wish,
desire, request,
supplies, etc., diglu,
sight, mirror, gaze,
object looked upon,
ibûtu, to fulfill a
wish, ke pu,
wish?, account?, to
plan, make plans,
lalû, wish, desire,
wealth, happiness,
riches, prime of life,
luxury objects,
abundant
vegetation, etc.,
panu, wish, choice,
intention, past, past
time, ranking
position, looks,
surface, etc., libbu,
wish, intention,
courage, thought,
mind, desire,
choice, (prep., in,
among, from,
belonging to, like,
adv., therefore,
therein, therefrom),
heart, etc., kipd ,
wishes, plans,
ta bâtu, wish
fulfilled,
gratification,
tazzimtu, wish,
desire, grumbling,
complaint
(Akkadian)
to wish, desiderio, to
desire (Italian)
souhaiter, vouloir, to
wish, désirer, to desire
(French)
desire (Polish)
vœlœties, to wish,
vœlœties, to desire
(Latvian)
a dori, to wish,
desire (Romanian)
toivottaa, to wish,
haluta, to desire
(Finnish-Uralic)
desire, irrikatu, to desire, crave
(Basque)
kulypÃ- [B kulypÃ-],
desire, ÃkÃl [B akÃlk],
wish, desire (Tocharian)
kupri-, to desire,
kuprime-, desired,
(Mylian)
ilalija, to wish, wek, to
desire, to ask for, tsartia,
to wish (Hittite)
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sa sthiti , site,
position, gr ma ,
village
mahal,
site,
location (Persian)
, sait’i, site
(Georgian)
maškanu, site of a
building, normal
loca on,
emplacement,
agricultural
se lement,
residence, posi on,
tent, canopy, fe er
for a slave,etc.,
al ’u, situated,
to lie, to abort,
miscarry, throw oV,
to cast, set down
etc. (Akkadian)
, sajt, site
(Belarusian)
mjesto, site
(Croatian)
teren, site (Polish)
teren, site, SAT,
village (Romanian)
paikka, site
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
d ,
istoselí a, site (Greek)
, kayk’y, site (Armenian)
faqe, site, fshati, village
(Albanian)
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situs-us
suíomh, site (Irish)
làrach, site (Scott)
safle, site (Welsh)
luogo, site, posto,
posizione, area (Italian)
site, emplacement
(French)
site, situation
sitos (SITVS)
Script F9
9-31
peda, location, place,
locality (Hittite)
Caith, to throw, a
sheola h, to launch (Irish)
a thilgeil, to throw, a chur
air bhog, to launch (Scott)
taflu, to throw, lluchio, to
throw, fling, pelt, rift,
rain (Welsh)
slanciare, vt., to throw
(Italian)
lancer, to throw, rush, art
(French)
to throw
[<OE
thrawan, to
p ssiya->, (pesiezi),
twist], thin
ssiezzi, to throw,
out, taper, to
pesie/a, pesiana,
rush, venture; slanso
pesiani, pessiianna,
(SLANSV)
to
pessiianni, pessiiae,
launch
Script TC108
pessie/a, throw away,
[<LLat.
aban on, to cast, to
lanceare, to
shove, to cast off,
wiel a lance]
ishuuanna/ishuuanni, to
throw, hoap/hop, throw, 9-32
to hurl, to heap, pile up
(Hittite)
€•‚ƒ„…, kinu†, to
throw, ‡ˆ‰
Š ‹ƒ €ƒ, Dlia
an âkhtan,
to
zapusku, to launch
throw, part
(Belarusian)
kar an, to throw
baciti, to throw,
(Persian)
lansirati, to launch
k ipati, to throw,
prahati, stroke,
(Croatian)
,
throw, prAsa,
rzuci†, to throw,
gadagdeba, to
cast, throw, spear; throw,
Wystrzeli†, threw
,
vap, vapati, -te, to
aits’q’os, to launch to throw (Polish)
strew, scatter (esp. (Georgian)
mest, to throw,
see ), sow, throw
uzs kt, to launch
orcas, kunta,
(Latvian)
spear, lance,
kunz-, throw oneself a arunca, to throw,
asyati, to throw
a lansa, to launch
own, prostrate
(Hurrian)
(Romanian)
heittää, to throw,
kar ru, to cast,
käynnistää, to
throw, to set
launch (Finnish(Akka ian)
Uralic)
Œ • Ž• •Œ,
na petáxoun, ‘ “Œ ”Œ ••“, gia
tin énarxi, to launch (Greek)
–—˜—™, netel, to throw,
š›œ• œ —™, gortsarkel, to launch
(Armenian)
të he h, to throw, për nisjen, to
launch (Albanian)
lancea-ae, a
light spear or
lance; lancino
are, to tear to
pieces,
to squan er;
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
neyze, lance;
an initial, like
CN
SN, Script
Z489
9-33
Sneogr rig,
Sennacherib,
son of
Sargon,
702-680 B.C.
SNEOGR RIG,
Script XW-1
9-34
s h yya , to
help, asssist,
zAka, help,
assistance;
zAkbhan, help,
ai ; ziSTi, help,
ai , sAhya,
assistance, help;
jinv, jinvati, to be
lively, hasten, put
in motion,
quicken, favour,
bring or help
komak kar an, žŸ
¡¢£ , to help, yâri,
yâri kar an, to help
(Persian)
,
ts’armat’ebis
misaghts’eva , to
succor,
,
shvela, to help
(Georgian)
r su, to help, usâtu,
to give help,
€ ¤¥ ‹ ¦ § ,
kab apamahaj, to
succor (Belarusian)
a poma¨e, to
succor (Croatian)
o pomocy, to
succor (Polish)
lai pal© zªtu, to
succor (Latvian)
pentru a ajuta, to
succor (Romanian)
auttaa, to succor
(Finnish-Uralic)
Œ « “¬- ,
na voithísei, to succor (Greek)
®š–—™›¯ ° ± œ,
ognelu hamar, to succor
(Armenian) për të n ihmuar, to
succor (Albanian)
succurrocurrere-curri
cursum; to run
beneath, go
un er, un ergo,
ai , succor;
socio-are, to
unite, combine,
associate
chun succor, to succor
(Irish)
airson cui eacha h, to
succor (Scott)
i gynhyrfu, to succor,
achlesu, to succor,
shelter, protect,
manure; a einio, to
succor, fly; swcro, to
succor; ymgele u, to
cherish, succor,
befrien (Welsh)
soccorrere, to succor, help
(Italian)
to run
beneath, to
help [<OE
helpan; ON
hjalpa],
succor,
9-35
sok (SOK),
Script XM-3;
soci, suci
(SVCI),
Script Z665,
Z719, K-1,
K-39, K148
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secourir, to succor,
soucier, to trouble, to
bother (French)
waria, to help,
warhitasa/i, being of
help, (Luvian)
uarissa/uariss, to help,
uarrae, warisa/waris,
warae, to come to help,
helpful, being of help,
*naq mu, to
succor (Akka ian)
wara hltsai, to cry for
help, srdi, help,
srdiadr/srdian, help,
alliance, srdia, helper,
supporter (Hittite)
mâ are zan, ¡²³¢´
mother-in-law
(Persian)
zvazU, motherin-law; zuzU,
mother;
mAtRSvasR, a
mother's sister;
nanA, mother
, si e ri,
mother-in-law
(Georgian)
em tu, motherin-law (Akka ian)
¦ µ¶· ,
ma¸ycha, motherin-law (Belarusian)
punica, motherin-law (Croatian)
te¹ciowa, motherin-law (Polish)
m te likum ,
mother-in-law
(Latvian)
SOCRI, mother an
father-in-law pl.),
SOACRº, motherin-law), SOCRU,
father-in-law
(Romanian)
anoppi, motherin-law (FinnishUralic)
• ¬ •Ž, petherá, mother-in-law
(Greek)
socrus-us
» —»›¯œ,
skesur, mother-in-law (Armenian)
vjehrra, mother-in-law (Albanian)
hû [hvar] (Avestan)
ravi, mihira, sura,
surya, the sun;
Khorshi ½¾³¿ the
sun, fajr, ÀÁ awn,
aurora, âÂâz Ão án,
¡ ¾ ²´ÅÄ awning of
the ay, ghaz, ²´Å
awn, aurora,
aybreak, tanhâ ´ÆÇÈ
alone, yegâne, tak,
alone, a v. (Persian)
s¼ry ha , solar,
ni¹ nta , awn,
aybreak, ek kin,
, mze, the sun,
eka, ekAkin, a j.,
,
alone, sole, single,
gamteniisas, awn,
solitary; vijana,
a j., estitute of
, mart’o,
people, esert,
alone (Georgian)
solitary,
loneliness
asni [azan], ay,
ÉurrÊ, ÉurwÊ,
morning, east
(Hurrian)
kararû, sun's
brilliance at mi ay,
mi ay, nip u, sun
Ë ‚„ , Sonca, the
sun, Ì• ‚ €,
svitanak, awn,
ˆ…€•, toÍki, alone
(Belarusian)
sunce, the sun, sam,
alone, zora, awn,
(Croatian)
søoÎce, the sun,
¹wit, awn, wschó
søoÎca, sunrise
sam, alone (Polish
saule, the sun
(Baltic-Su ovian)
saule, the sun,
r©tausma, awn,
vienatnª, alone
(Latvian)
soarele, SOARE,
the sun, singur,
alone, zori e zi,
awn, (Romanian)
aurinko, the sun,
yksin, alone,
auringonnousu,
sunrise (FinnishUralic)
Ï - Ð. ilios, sun, •‘-, avgí,
awn, ÑóŒ Ð, mónos, alone,
Ò• « Ð Órevos, Erebus (Greek)
Ôœ—¯, Arev, the sun, ™›¯» Õ Ö,
lusabats’, awn, œ—¯ • š,
arevatsag, sunrise, ±× – ,
miaynak, alone (Armenian)
ielli, the sun,agim, awn,
sunrise, vetëm, alone (Albanian)
eguzkia, sun, ilunabarra,
ilunsenti, sunset, egunsentian,
awn, argia urattu, to awn,
mafiaren, un erworl , bakarrik,
alone (Basque)
Máthair chéile, motherin-law (Irish)
màthair-chèile, motherin-law (Scott)
mam yng nghyfraith,
mother-in-law, chwegr
(Welsh)
suocera (Italian)
belle-mère,
mother-in-law (French)
an ghrian, the sun,
breaca h an lae, (break of
ay), awn, breaca h an
laeéirí gréine, sunrise, ina
n-aonar, alone (Irish)
a 'ghrian, the sun,
brisea h an latha, awn,
èirigh na grèine, sunrise,
aonar, alone (Scott)
haul (heuliau), huan, the
sol, solis, the
sun; wawr, awn, sunrise
sun; Aurora,
unig, a j., only, sole,
awn,
mere, lonely, alone
solus-a-um,
(Welsh)
alone,
sole, the sun; alba, aurora,
only, sole,
awn solo, only one,
solitary,
alone (Italian)
uninhabite ;
sol, the groun , soil;
solo-are, to
soleil, the sun;
make solitary,
aube, aurore, awn, solo,
Erebus-i, go of a j. solo (French)
the un erworl ;
the un erworl ;
motherin-law
9-36
socri, sucri
(SVCRI) Script
Z798
sol, sul (SVL),
Script Z308,
Z1250;
sola, sula
the sun [<OE (SVLA)
sunne], a ay; Script Z598;
solo (SVLV)
awn [<OE
Script Z1161,
agian],
alone [<ME, R49, R65
solos, sulus
alone],
(SVLvS),
solitary,
Script
sole
Z1177, Z1334,
9-37
Arepes, Script
N31, N500,
N561, N598,
N632
koØ [B kauØ] ay, sun
koØ-ñkät, [B
kauØ-ñäkte], the sun,
pärk (a v.), in the
morning, at sunrise
(Tocharian)
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isk, boss, isk,
anp u, sun, star,
rising sun, shining,
blazing fire,
kin le , šamšu,
sun, sunlight, ay,
sun isk (a synonym
for gol ), šamšatu,
sun isk, mock sun
(parhelion), or
moon (paraselene,
šamšiš, šar riš, like
the sun, šar ru,
sunlight,
brilliance, ra iance,
ten ril, shoot of a
plant šal mu,
sunset, erebu,
sunset, west,
mountain pass,
šašš nš, like the sun
(Akka ian)
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tiat, sun-go (Palaic)
eweze-, sun-go
(Lycian)
tiwa ama(i), sun-blesse ,
tiua , tiua (i), sun-go ,
tiualia, tiuaria, of the
sun-go (Luvian)
mara/mari, sunlight,
istanus, the sun,lukat,
awn, next morning,
har(ua)nae,
hru(wa)nae, to awn,
kreuriur, aybreak
(Hittite)
be nazar, Ù ÚÛ to
soun , sot, Ü¿Ù
soun (Persian)
svanita,
a j.,soun ing,
soun ; svAna,
soun , noise;
kvANa, soun
, ismis, to
soun ,
, khma,
soun (Georgian)
rigmu, sound,
voice, noise, call,
proclama on,
thunder, wailing,
lamenta on,
complaint, request,
legal complaint
(Akkadian)
§ƒµ „…, hu¸a†, to
soun , §ƒ€, huk,
soun (Belarusian)
zvu¸ati, to soun ,
zvuk, soun
(Croatian)
brzmie†, to soun ,
ÝwiÞk, soun
(Polish)
skaßu, to soun ,
skaßa, soun
(Latvian)
a suna, to ring, to
soun , to jingle, to
call, sunet, soun
(Romanian)
kuulostaa, to
soun , ääni, soun
(Finnish-Uralic)
ã å‘ Ñ ,
akoúgomai, to soun , -É Ð, íchos,
soun (Greek)
sono-sonare,
°–æ—Ö–—™›¯ ° ± œ,
sonui,
hnch’ets’nelu hamar, to soun ,
sonitum
ç – , zayny, soun (Armenian)
të shën oshë, to soun , tingull,
soun (Albanian)
chun fuaim, to soun ,
fuaime, fuaime, soun
(Irish)
gu fuaim, to soun ,
fuaim, soun (Scott)
i sain, to soun ,
resoun , enunciate;
swnio, to soun ,
pronounce, sain, soun
(Welsh)
per suonare, to soun ,
sonare, to blow, suono,
soun (Italian)
paraitre, to soun , sonner,
to ring, u son, soun
(French)
to soun
[<Lat.
sonus], make
a noise,
celebrate
9-38
son, sun
(SVN),
Script Z1417,
XB-41
sona, suna
(SVNA)
Script Z530
sone, sune
(SVNE),
Script Z64
sonoi (SVNVI)
Script A101
käln- (vb.) 1) [B käln-],
soun , to make a soun
(Tocharian)
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xâbâlu , xâbâvar,
a j. rowsy, xâb,
ê ¿ , sleep, xâbi an,
¡ ½Û ¿ , xoftan, to
sleep (Persian)
supti, sleep;
svapna svapa,
sleep, ream;
svap, svapiti, to
sleep, fall asleep,
lie own, repose,
be ea , make to
sleep, bring to
rest, kill; ra,
rati, rayate, to
fall asleep
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a cho la h, to put to
sleep, co latacht,
rowsiness, aisling,
ream (Irish)
a chuir gu ca al, to put to
sleep, trioblai ,
rowsiness, brua ar,
ream (Scott)
i fyn i gysgu, to put to
sleep, cysgu, to sleep,
nap, huno, to sleep,
rown i , rowsiness,
breu wy , ream
(Welsh)
mettere a ormire, to put
to sleep, sopore,
rowsines assopirsi, to
rowse, sognare, ream
(Italian)
sommeiller, to rowse go
to sleep; ormir, to
sleep, röver, ream
(French)
ì ¶‹ˆ‰„…,
îsyplia†, to put to
sleep,
¥ï¶¦ ‚ „…,
rymotnas†,
rowsiness, ‚,
son, ream,
¦ ﶄ…, mary†, to
ream,
,
dadzineba, to put to
sleep,
, (Belarusian)
zilianoba,
rowsiness,
,
spavati, to put to
otsneba, ream
sleep, mamurluk,
(Georgian)
rowsiness, san,
ream (Croatian)
u¹pi†, to put to
dullupu, sleepy,
heavy-eye , all tu, sleep, senno¹†,
šittu, sleep, al lu,
rowsiness,
in la al lu,
rzemac, rzemka,
sleeplessness,
rowse; sen, slept,
restlessness, na lu, spac, sleep,
to have a ream, to
marzenie, ream,
inspect, let see, to
marzyc, to ream
observe, to be
(Polish)
attentive to, to
gulªt, to put to
witness, to have
eyesight, to look, to sleep, miegain©ba,
look on, to look at a
rowsiness, sapnis,
person, to look
ream (Latvian)
kin ly on, to look at sð ormi, to put to
the light, the sun,
sleep, somnolenòð,
etc., iltu,
rowsiness, vis,
mašarrû, ream,
ream (Romanian)
ut lu, lie own, to
nukkumaan, to put
sleep (Akka ian)
to sleep,
uneliaisuus,
rowsiness,
unelma, ream
(Finnish-Uralic)
Œ ã Ñ“¬ Ð, na koimitheís, to
put to sleep, ••Œ“ , ypnilía,
rowsiness, óŒ • , óneiro, ream
(Greek)
–—™, k’nel, to sleep,
– ›˜›¯ô ›¯–, k’nkotut’yun,
rowsiness, —œ õ – ,
k’nkotut’yunyerazank’, ream
(Armenian) të gjumë, fjetje,
sleep, qenët i, përgjumur,
rowsiness, për të fjetur, to sleep,
ën ërr, ream (Albanain)
sopio-ire; to put
to sleep;
ormio-ire, to
sleep, somnus-i, spam [B spane], sleep
(Tocharian)
sleep, sloth
sup, supparija,
loaren, lo, sleep, lo egin to sleep,
amets, ream, amets egin, to
ream (Basque)
to put to
sleep,
[<OE slaep]
quieten, stun,
ren er
senseless;
rowse [<OE
rusian]
9-39
sopa, supa
(SVPA)
Script N522,
N582, R54,
R511
sopes, supes
(SVPES),
Script Q713
sopo, supo
(SVPV),
Script Q784
#šupparija,
suppiie/a, suppariie/a,
suprie/a, to sleep,
supruant, sleepy,
teshali?, sleepy?, ses/sas,
ses/ss, seszi, sleep, to
rest, to lie own,
sst(a), sleep, sasnu,
ssnu, to sleep with
someone, be ,
to sleep, galaktrae,
klaktrae, rowsy, to
make rowsy (Hittite)
‰ ï , siastra,
sister (Belarusian)
siastra, sister
(Belarus)
sestra, sister
, is, sister
(Georgian)
(Croatian)
sestra (Serbo
ªl-a, ela, sister
Croatian)
(Hurrian)
siostra, sister
(Polish)
seser, sister (Baltc
a tu, sister,
Lithuanian)
a tûtu, a opte
m sa, sister
sister, talimtu, close
(Latvian)
or belove sister,
SORº, sister
kallatu, sister(Romanian)
in-law, aughtersisko, sister
in-law, bri e
(Akka ian)
(Finnish-Uralic)
eirfiúr, sister (Irish)
sier, sister (Ol Irish)
piuthar, sister (Scott)
chwaer (chwiory ),
sister (Welsh)
c'hoar, -eze , sister
(Breton)
suora, nun, sorella, sister
(Italian)
soeur, sister (French)
khâhar, £ù ¿ sister
(Persian)
nan n ÷, sister-in
law; svasr,
bhagin©, sister
s.ar, sister (Tocharian)
d ü-, a elfi, sister (Greek)
›¯ œ , k’uyry, sister (Armenian)
motër, sister (Albanian)
soror-oris, sister
sister [<OE
sweostor]
nere/i, sister (Lycian)
9-40
neri(je)- , sisterly
(Mylian)
nega, #nega, neka, sister,
nekadr, sisterhoo , NIN,
nanasri, ananeka,,
sor, sur (SVR)
Script Z170,
Z197,
Z272, Z327,
Z347,
Z357, Z378,
Z412,
Z1016, Z1040,
Z1797, Z1825,
AN12, N738,
R286
sorom, surom
(SVRVM),
Script N670,
N700;
SVRvM, Script
AN42
MUNUS KU, sister,
nanasria, of a sister,
sopinika, pure sister
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(Hittite)
smayana, smiling,
a smile, smitam,
smile, smile
smita, smiling,
expan e , blown,
a smile; smi,
smayate, -ti, to
smile, blush, be
prou or arrogant,
jaýgh y
m sala
pa¹c bh ga ,
calf of the leg
bâzvþ [bâzû], limb,
arm,, foreleg
(Avestan)
pasht sac, ÿ´! "$%
calf of the leg, pâ ´%
leg, labkhan Ç&+=
smile, labkhan
za an, xan i an, to
smile, (Persian)
, ghimili,
to smile,
, pekhi pekhi,
calf of the leg
(Georgian)
qurÊ, leg, foot
(Urartian)
u-krÊ , leg, foot
(Hurrian)
kim u, calf of the
leg, knee, shin,
leggings, a measure
of length, support,
part of a lock,
kursinnu, lower leg
of animals an
humans, fetlock
(Akka ian)
vi-, two-fol ,
ouble,
vigu{am,
ouble, twice as
much, vaigunya,
the ouble, ouble
the amount, value,
measure; vitaya,
a j., consisting of
two, twofol ,
ouble, pl. both;
n. a pair; vaya,
twofol , ouble,
ouble nature
obarrâbar £Û £Û |¢
ouble (Persian)
, ormagi,
ouble (Georgian)
e pu, a j., ouble,
e pu, to ouble,
multiply, šunnû,
a j., ouble,
šutašnû, a j.,
ouble (Akka ian)
pâlto,
coat,
kazagand, cassock,
ko abh, coat,
cela , cola ,
jacket, kajcuka,
coat of mail,
bodice, jacket;
kavaca, armour,
mail, jacket,
the bark of a tree;
kurpasak, jacket,
bodice
kot
jacket
(Persian)
,
kurtuk’i, coat,
jacket,
,
k’azak’ta, cassock
(Georgian)
epartu, gul nu, a
ì ¦•· „„ ,
îsmichacca, to
smile, „‰ˆ‰ ‚ §•,
cialia nohi, calf of
the leg (Belarusian)
nasmijeÃiti, to
smile, tele†i nogu, (
tele†i, calf) calf of
the leg (Croatian)
usmiechac sie,
smile, øy ka nogi,
calf of the leg
(Polish)
smai ©t, to smile,
k jas te@Ã, calf of
the leg (te@Ã, calf)
(Latvian)
SURJDE, to smile;
SURJS, smile,
viYelul piciorului,
calf of the leg
(viYelul, calf)
(Romanian)
hymyillä, to smile,
jalka vasikka, calf
of the leg (FinnishUralic)
¥Ì ‚¶, vajny,
ouble (Belarusian)
vostruko, ouble
(Croatian)
po wójnie, ouble
(Polish)
ubult , ouble
(Latvian)
ubla, SOSIE,
ouble (Romanian)
kaksinkertainen,
ouble (FinnishUralic)
, palito, coat,
, kurtka,
jacket,
, ryza,
cassock
(Belarusian)
kaput, coat, jakna,
jacket, mantija,
cassock (Croatian)
pøaszcz, coat,
kurtka, jacket,
sutanna, cassock
(Polish)
m telis, coat, jaka,
jacket, kazaki,
Œ É Ñ ‘ Ž , na chamogelásei,
to smile, Ñ ÉŽ• • • d å,
moschári tou po ioú, calf of the
leg, amalaki, calf (Greek)
\^˜ ™, zhptal, to smile, ›˜ ×
°›œô, votk’i hort’, calf of the leg
(Armenian)
për të buzëqeshur, to smile, vi`i i
këmbës, calf of the leg (këmbës,
leg) (Albanian)
sura-ae, the calf
of the leg;
risor-oris,
laughter, smile
aoibh gháire, to smile, lao
an chos, calf of the leg
(Irish)
a 'gàire, to smile, laogh a
'chas, calf of the leg
(Scott)
i wenu, to smile, llo'r
goes, calf of the leg
(Welsh)
sorri ere, to smile,
polpaccio ella gamba,
calf of the leg (gamba,
leg) (Italian)
souire, to smile, to be
favorable to, veau e la
jambe, calf of the leg
(jambe, leg) (French)
calf of the
leg? [<ON
legger], to
smile [<ME
smilen]?
9-41
sori, suri
(SVRI),
Script TC161,
AN31
soro, suro
(SVRV),
Script R286;
sorov, surov
(SVRV8),
Script N738
htal(a)i, smile (Luvian)
eg u, leg, p ala, leg
wrapping (Hittite)
d • ó, ipló, ouble (Greek)
œ – ×, krknaki, ouble
(Armenian)
yshe, ouble
(Albanian)
uplex, ouble;
sub } un er
úbailte, ouble (Irish)
~bailte, ouble (Scott)
wbl ( yblau), ouble
(Welsh)
oppio, sosia, ouble;
suisare, to misrepresent,
alter (Italian)
ouble, ouble, sous,
prep. un er, beneath, on,
upon (French)
ouble
[< uplex]?
9-42
sos, sus, (SVS),
Script Z981,
Z1027, Z1853
kbij•t(i)-, ouble
(Lycian)
bikoitza, ouble (Basque)
anhasti, ouble-bone,
bo y parts of cows an
sheep (Hittite)
ó, paltó, coat,
,
sakáki, jacket,
, ráso,
cassock (Greek)
€•‚ƒ„…, bachkony, jacket,
ƒ†‡ˆ, burd, coat (Armenian)
shtresë, coat, xhaketë, jacket,
veladon, cassock
(Albanian)
amarria, soineko, coat, sotana,
cassock (Basque)
tunica-ae, a
sleeved garmet,
jacket, coat,
sagum-i,
military cloak,
woollen mantle
cóta, coat, seaicéad,
jacket (Irish)
còta, coat, seacaid, jacket
(Scott)
cot, coat, siaced-i, jacket;
casul-iau, chasuble,
cassock (Welsh)
sotana, cassock; cappotto,
coat, giacca, jacket
(Italian)
soutane, cassock,
tunique, tunic, veste,
jacket, (French)
coat [<OFr.
cote]
cassock
[<Pers.
kazagand,
padded
jacket]? a
long,
padded jacket
[<OFr.
jaque];
chasuble
[LLat.
casubla,
sotanas
(SVTANAS)
Script Z263,
Z405
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coat, eriptu, a
multicolored coat,
ullulu, leather coat
or cover, ulp nu,
leather coat
(Akkadian)
hemâyat kardan
to
vahati, to sustain, support, negâhdâri
kardan, postibâni
support, carry,
kardan, tâb âvardan,
to support (Persian)
,
mkhardach’era, to
support,
dh‹rayati, to
,
keep, hold,
contain, maintain, shenarchuneba, to
dharuNa, bearing, sustain (Georgian)
supporting,
holding, bearer,
supporter, support, em du, to support,
join, unite, to lean,
foundation,
load, stand by, etc.,
receptacle;
r ûtu, support,
bharman, support, help, r u,
nourishment; sah, supporter, helper,
sahate (-ti), to
ally, bit p ti,
overpower, win
supporter, napištu ,
battles, be
sustenance,
victorious, hold
provisions,
out, endure,
livelihood, breath,
sustain, withstand, body, self, animals
resist, bear, suffer (Akkadian)
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cassock (Latvian)
hain‰, coat, sacou,
jacket, SUTANŠ,
cassock
(Romanian)
takki, coat, jacket,
tunic, kasakka,
cossack (FinnishUralic)
Œ • Œ
Ž ,
dlia padtrymki, to
support, Œ •
Œ
Ž •••,
dlia padtrymannia,
to sustain
(Belarusian)
podržati, to
support, suzdržati,
to sustain
(Croatian)
wspiera•, to
support, utrzyma•,
to sustain (Polish)
atbalst‘t, to
support, uztur t, to
sustain (Latvian)
a sustine, to
support, sustain
(Romanian)
tukea, to support,
ylläpitää, to sustain
(Finnish-Uralic)
seknu/seknau, cloak
(Hittite)
hooded
garment]
9-43
“ ”
• –—˜ ,
gia na stiríxei, to support, fousta,
skirt; ” ™
• –—˜ , na
ypostiríxei, to sustain (Greek)
€š€‚›œ•, ajakts’el, to support,
Ÿ€ Ÿ€„œ•ƒ† €¡€‡,
pahpanelu hamar, to sustain
(Armenian)
per te mbeshtetur, to support, te
qendrosh, to sustain (Albanian)
suesco,
suescere, suevi,
suetum, to
become
accustomed;
suetus-a um,
customary,
usual;
sustineo tinire
-tinui tentum
chun tacú leis, to support,
a chothú, to sustain (Irish)
gus taic a thoirt, to
support, gus cumail suas,
to sustain (Scott)
cefnogi, to encourage,
support, back, amwyn, to
contend, seize, defend,
support, cynnal, to
sustain, maintain, operate,
undertake, uphold, keep
(Welsh)
sostenere, to support,
sustain (Italian)
soutenir, to support, to
sustain, to hold up,
maintain, affirm; (French)
to support
[<Lat.
supporto-are,
to carry], to
soten, suten
sustain [<Lat.
(SVTEN),
sustineo tinire
Script R426;
-tinui tentum,
to hold up]
9-44
har(k), to hold, keep,
harzi, to hold (Hittite)
adhairi [-], under,
below (Avestan)
Zir ¢£¤ under,
below, pâyin, adv.,
prep., under, jhan
khaky, ¥ ¦ § ¨©
underworld
(Persian) (Persian)
, kvesh, under,
, kvevit,
below (Georgian)
-pei, -pi, -pai, -pie,
under (Urartian)
turi, below
(Hurrian)
adha , under,
adhas, below
spr, sprnoti,
sprnute, to loosen,
free from, rescue,
save, attract, win;
raks, raksati, -te,
šapl n, under,
below, downstream,
šapl nis, adv.,
below, underneath,
šapl nu, adv.,
below, in secret,
inwardly,
downstream,
beneath,
underneath, šapliš,
underneath, below,
downstream,
downward, lower in
value, etc.
(Akkadian)
rahâyi baxsidan,
pasandâz kardan, to
save, Pasandâz ±
¤²³´² saving,
gereftan, µ ¶¢· to
Œ, pad, under,
• ª«¬, nižej, below
(Belarusian)
pod ispod,, under,
ispod, below
(Croatian)
pod, under,
ponizej, below
(Polish)
zem, under, zem‹k,
below (Latvian)
sub, under, below,
de mai jos, below
(Romanian)
- ó, káto apó, under (kato,
below)
-, parakáto, below
(Greek)
„œ‡®œ†ƒ†¡, nerk’evum, under,
¯°ƒ‡œ†, storev, below
(Armenian)
nën, under, poshtë, below
(Albanian)
subter
beherako, under, behean, below
(Basque)
under [<OE
under], below
[<ME
bilooghe],
beneath [<OE
binithan]
sothi, suthi
(SVQI),
Script A-2,
AF-9;
(See Note 2)
9-45
katanta, below (Luvian)
alla, under, below
(innish-Uralic)
¸
¸ ¹• ,
vyratavaºnik,
savior, ¸ » ¼¹,
vychapi•, to snatch
(Belarusian)
faoi, under, thíos, below
(Irish)
fo, under, gu h-ìseal,
below (Scott)
o dan, under, isod, below
(Welsh)
subordinato, sotto,
adv., prep., under, below
(Italian)
en dessous de, sous,
under, au dessous de,
below, soute, bunker
French)
- ½ ¾, sotíras, savior, ”
—˜ , na arpáxei, to snatch
(Greek)
¿‡‚ÀÁ…, P’rkich’y, savior,
‡€Ãœ•ƒ† €¡€‡, gravelu
soter-eris,
savior;
libero-are, to set
free; eripo
-ipere -ripui
Slánaitheoir, savior,
a snatch, to snatch (Irish)
saoraidh, savior, a 'giùlan,
to snatch (Scott)
gwaredwr, savior,
savior? to
save [<Lat.
salvare;
salvus-a-um,
safe, unhurt,
sotra, sutra
(SVTRA)
Script Ä139,
Ä171,
sotris
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snatch (Persian)
,
mkhsneli, savior,
, gaiketsi,
to snatch (Georgian)
to protect, guard,
keep, save from,
take care of,
Åcchinatti,
‹kÆipya gÇhn‹ti,
to snatch,
iru, savior,
rescuer, ez bu, to
save a person, be
saved, set aside,
bequeath, etc.,
ab tu, to snatch,
take away by force,
rob, abbut tu,
snatcher, šallu, adj.,
snatched away,
deported,
muballi anu,
savior, person who
has kept someone
alive, gam lu, to
save, spare, to come
to an agreement, to
make mutual
concessions, to
perform a kind act,
etc., ša pu, to
preserve life, to
save, ukkumu, adj.,
snatching, name of
one of Marduk's
dogs. (Akkadian)
spasitelj, savior,
da uhvatiti, to
snatch (Croatian)
zbawiciel, savior,
wyrwa•, to snatch
(Polish)
gl‹b js, savior,
noÈert, to snatch
(Latvian)
salvator, savior,
s‰ smulg‰, to
snatch (Romanian)
pelastaja, savior,
napata, to snatch
(Finnish-Uralic)
hamar, to snatch (Armenian)
shpëtimtar, savior, ruaj, save, për
të rrëmbyer, to snatch (Albanian)
gorde, to save, arretzu, salbatu,
save, harrapatzeko, to snatch
(Basque)
reptum, to
snatch away
tear out, servo
are, to watch
over, observe,
keep, protect,
save, to keep,
salveo-ere, to
be well, be in
good health,
salvus-a-um,
safe, unhurt,
well, all right;
rapio-rapere,
rapui, raptum to
seize, snatch,
tear away, to
plunder
i ysgwyd, to snatch,
arbedwr (arbedwyr),
miser, savior (Welsh)
salvare, to save;
salvatore, savior; sottrari,
to snatch (Italian)
sauver, to save; saveur
saver, savior, arracher, to
snatch (French)
well, all
right]; guard
[<OFr.
guarder];
spare [<OE
sparian, to
leave
unharmed]
(SOTRIS)
Script L60
sotro, sutro,
(SVTRV)
Script Ä117;
see also arbiter
9-46
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... vî ... jas, to spread
(Avestan)
pahn kardan µ¨
§É¢ to spread
gostardan, paxs
kardan, to spread
(Persian)
,
gavrtseleba, to
spread (Georgian)
kirati, spread,
strew, prasarpati,
spread,
pras‹rayati,
stretch, spread,
visayi kr; vistarin,
adj. spread;
prastirna, spread,
extended, flat;
stIrna, spread,
scattered,
strewen
bh‘Æayati, to
frighten, scare,
tarj, tarjati, to
threaten, menace,
abuse, revile;
tarjayati,-te, to
kam ru, to spread
dates for sorting, to
pile up, heap up,
etc., mu û, to
spread, rap‹Êu, to
be spread out, to
grow larger, to be
enlarged, to enlarge,
to become broad, to
be widened, extend,
ru’umu, to scatter?,
nas k, to drop, to
deposit silver, to
pile up barley, to
throw into water,
fire, prison, to throw
to animals, to throw
astragals, to throw
into a river, to throw
out, reject, throw off
a person, to hurl, to
shoot, to discard,
nadû , to pour, to
swoop down, to spit
out, to cast down, to
throw into water or
fire, a pit, etc.,
scattered, strewn,
etc., lap tu, to
scatter, to scratch, to
rub, to obscure, to
make unclean, to
moisten, etc.,
par ru, to be
scattered, crushed,
confused, etc., r u,
span, half a cubit,
idu, span or wing,
side, fathom (a
measure), bracelet,
edge, border, arm,
etc., še û, adj.,
spread out, arrišu,
spreading,
proliferating, etc.,
šuparruru, to
spread, to spread
out, broaden,
tab ku, to spread,
scatter, pour, spill,
void, annul,
collapse, pile up,
stack, etc., tar u,
adj., spread,
ta bubtu, spreading
of wings, u û, tp
s[read pit. open
wide, strew
(Akkadian)
tars Ô¢Õ fright,
tarsândan, to
frighten (Persian)
Ë ÌËÍŒª¸ ¼¼ ,
raspaÎsiudžvacca,
to spread,
Ï,
praliot, span
(Belarusian)
Êiriti, to spread,
pedalj, span
(Croatian)
rozprzestrzenia•, to
spread, przÐsøo,
span (Polish)
platint, to spread
(Baltic-Sudovian)
izplat‘t, to spread,
span, to span
(Latvian)
a imprastia, to
spread, deschidere,
span (Romanian)
levittää, to spread,
jänneväli, span
(Finnish-Uralic_
» ¼¹,
palocha•, to
frighten
(Belarusian)
zastraÊiti, to
frighten (Croatian)
przestraszy•, to
a scaipeadh, to spread,
réim, span (Irish)
sgaoileadh, to spread,
rèis, span (Scott)
I wasgaru, to spread,
rhychwant, span (Welsh)
spandersi, vt., spandare,
vi., to spread, to diffuse,
to send forth, campata,
span (Italian)
répandre, to scatter,
spread; envergure, span
(French)
” ˜—
-ј–, na exaplotheí, to
spread,
Ñ Ò½, spithamí, span
(Greek)
°€‡€ÓÃœ•, taratsvel, to spread
(Armenian)
për t'u përhapur, to spread,
hapësirë, span (Albanian)
zabaldu, spread, hedatu, to
spread, extend, expand, broaden,
estaltzeko, to span (Basque)
”
Ò Ö-, na tromázo, to
frighten ×óØ ¾, fóvos, fobos, fear
(Greek)
Àٜ›„œ•ƒ† €¡€‡,
vakhets’nelu hamar, to frighten
spado-onis, an
eunnuch
spargo, sparger,
sparsi, sparsum,
to scatter,
sprinkle,
spread,
dissipate
exterrere, to
frighten; terror,
pavor, fright
kät‹-, to spread,disperse
(Tocharian)
s r, soha/soh, suhha->
ishuwa->, to scatter,
ishuuai/ishui, ishuuae,
scatter, to throw,
isparanna/isparanni,
ispiianu, isprnu, to
spread, to spray, to
scatter, ispar/ispr,
ispariie/a, isparra
/isparr, to spread,
#pangarija, to spread,
plha, to spread out, to
flatten (Hittite)
eagla ort, to frighten
(Irish)
gu eagal, to frighten
(Scott)
i ofni, to frighten,
brawychu, to frighten,
terrify, terrorize; dychryn,
to spread
[<OE
spraeden], to
diffuse, to
scatter,
strew [<OE
strewian]
span [<OE
spann, a unit
of
measurement]
9-47
to frighten
[<OE fyrhto,
fright]?
worried], to
be unneasy,
troubled,
[<OE
SPANeRIM,
Script TC28,
spansa, Script
Z1781;
spantea, Script
R511;
spanti, Script
Ä512, Ä521,
Ä551
sparse, Script
TC150, TC170,
TC298
spavo
(SPA8V),
Script R147
R142
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to frighten; gwylltio, to
frighten, enrage (Welsh)
spaventare, to frighten,
spavento, fright, fear,
terror; spaurire, vt., to
frighten (Italian)
effrayer, to frighten,
épouvanter, terrifier, to
terrify (French)
,
sheshineba, to
frighten,
,
shishi, fright
(Georgian)
gilittu, utt tu,
fright, terror,
š duru, to frighten
annoy, par du, to
deride, mock,
become frightened,
frighten, terrify;
confused, to be
tras, trasati (-te) & restless, upset, to
disturb, etc., pardiš,
trasyati (-te), to
tremble, quake, be adv., frightenly,
purrudu, adj.,
afraid of; shake,
frightened, pal u,
agitate, frighten,
to frighten, to
scare; vip, vepate, frighten one
to tremble, quake, another, afraid, to be
vibrate, take fright afraid, to be afraid
of, to fear, to be
fearful, reverential,
fearsome, to be
fearsome, terrible,
to reduce to fear,
etc., pulu i š
frighteningly,
awsomely,
muš diru,
frightening,
rašubbatiu,
frightful aspect,
overwhelming
impact,
awesomeness
(Akkadian)
‹Ú‹vat,
entertaining hope,
‹Ú‹vatt‹,
hopefulness,
Azas, wish,
expectation, hope;
zAs, zAsti, zAste
(zAsati, -te), to
chasten, punish,
correct rule,
govern, manage,
direct, instruct,
order, proclaim,
fortell, wish,
pray, hope for,
expect from
frighten (Polish)
baid‘ties, to
frighten (Latvian)
a speria, SPŠRIA,
to frighten
(Romanian)
pelästyttää, to
frighten (FinnishUralic)
nahh->, n hi,
(Armenian)
për të frikësuar, to frighten
(Albanian)
nnah/nahh, ahsrie/a,
to fear, become afraid, to
show respect, (for a diety),
revere, be carefu,
beldurtzeko, to frighten, izutu, to
frighten, terrify, horrify, shock
(Basque)
nahuasa/i, fearful or
fearsome, nahsrat, fear,
fright, respect,
intimidated (Hittite)
omid
hopeful,
omidvâr budan, to
hope (Persian)
mie• nadziejÐ, to
hope (Polish)
cer t, to hope
, imedi (Latvian)
makvs, to hope
s‰ sper‰m, to hope,
(Georgian)
SPER, I hope;
SPERI, you hope
(Romanian)
toivoa, to hope
(Finnish-Uralic)
tá súil agam, to hope
(Irish)
” ˜ –Ö-,
na elpízo, to hope (Greek)
ƒ†Ü¯ ƒ†„œ„€•,
huys unenal, to hope (Armenian)
për të shpresuarpër të
shpresuar, to hope (Albanian)
sperare, to
hope; spes-ei,
hope,
expectations,
both good and
bad
prerayati, to
dispatch, send, hi,
hinoti, hinute,
hinvati, to
dekû, to dispatch,
dispatch, naucara,
lift up, move troops,
going in a ship
mobilize, etc.,
sailor
eš ru, to send, to
clear up, move
straight ahead,
march on, etc.,
nam šu, to
dispatch, , to bring a
lawsuit, to move, to
Œ • Œ Ì ,
dlia adpraÎki, to
dispatch
(Belarusian)
otpremiti, to
dispatch (Croatian)
wysøa•, to dispatch
(Polish)
nosßt‘t, to dispatch
(Latvian)
a trimite, a livra, to
dispatch, a trimite,
to send (Romanian)
lähettää, to dispatch
(Finnish-Uralic)
gu dòchas, to hope (Scott)
i obeithio, to hope
gobaith (gobeithion)
hope (Welsh)
sperare, to hope,
spendere, to spend; speso,
pp (Italian)
ésperer, to hope
(French)
spes, hope (Hittite)
“
½, gia apostolí, to
dispatch, “ ”
˜ , gia na páei,
to make go (Greek)
ƒ†à€‡‚œ•ƒ† €¡€‡, ugharkelu
hamar, to dispatch (Armenian)
për të dërguar, to dispatch, send
(Albanian)
bidali, to send, remit, bidalzeko,
to dispatch (Basque)
expectation
[<Lat.
expectare, to
expect], hope
[<OE
hopian],
foreboding
spe, (spe tri)
Script
Z784, AD-4,
K152 Ýsee
Spetri below
spi, Script
AJ-6;
spo (SPV)
Script AV-8
(see spolare)
9-49
speso (SPESV),
Script N453
seolta, to dispatch (Irish)
a thoirt seachad, to
dispatch (Scott)
anfon, to send, dispatch,
forward (Welsh)
spedire, to send (Italian)
expédier, to dispatch
(French)
frestâdan §É Þ¢¶ to
send, ravâne kardan,
to send (Persian)
paÊÊ-, to send
(Hurrian)
9-48
reverence, awe,
frightfulness, nahsrnu,
fear, to make someone
afraid, weritema, fear,
fright, uerite/uerit,
werite/werit, werites,
fear, to be frightened,
pituliant, fearful, worried,
• Œ Û• Œ »,
nadzieja dach, to
hope (Belarusian)
nadati se, to hope
(Croatian)
,
gaigzavnos, to
dispatch (Georgian)
wyrgan, to
strangle]
expedio-ire-ivi
and -ii-itum, to
free from a
snare,
disengage, to
get things ready
for action
to dispatch
speto (SPETV)
[<OFr.
Script R219,
despechier],
R238,
wiya->, uija, uie/a,
to send, [<OE
Script R219,
sendan]
to
#uija, uie/ui, wie/a, to
R238
ship
send, to send here, ona,
spetri or spe tri,
oni, to send here, to drive
Script Z784
9-50
here, unn, unna, unni,
unnaunn, oie/oi, to send,
to send here, peie/a,
peie/pei, to send,
uppa/uppi, uppa/upp,
upa/upi, to send here,
upiesr, upiesn, sending,
gift (Hittite)
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set out, to defect (to
an enemy), to
depart, to give
someone an order to
depart, arû, guide
safely, steer a boat,
to rule, lead, bring
people/animals,
guide, âru, to send
a message, to go,
advance, turn
against person,
confront, oppose,
attack, order, rule,
redû, to escort
persons, take along,
to drive animals, to
drive wagons, boats,
to guide, control,
etc., š buku,
ab ku, to send
merchandise,
staples, gifts,
tablets, persons,
kaš du, to send, to
make prisoner, to
raid, to make a
journey, to
approach, etc.,
am u, to send
quickly, promptly,
etc., šal u, to send
off, dispatch,
ar du, to drive
away, send, be sent,
expel, etc. , uššuru,
to send, dispatch,
allow, permit,
abandon, leave
alone, set free,
divorce, bequeath,
etc. (Akkadian)
x
x
x
x
spina-ae, a
thorn, prickle;
difficulties,
perplexities
x
name of the
town, Spina Ý
ruins near
Venice,
9-51
SPŠLARE
washing, flushing,
lavation
(Romanian)
x
x
meni, weapon,
thrust,
punishment,
vengeance, anger,
wrath; see
sparayati, to
loosen, separate,
save, win
bibha3rti,
bha3rati, -te,
bharti, bhrta3, to
bear, bring
forward, present,
thrust; rs, rsati
rsta, push, thrust
put in, cover, fill;
nud, nudati, -te,
Œå » ¸ ¼¹,
padbuchtorva•, to
incite, •¸ ¼¼ ,
pliavacca, to spit,
å •, buton, bud,
ŒŒ • ¼¹,
addziali•, to
separate
(Belarusian)
jod‹ kardan, §É¢ ²³© poticati, to incite,
to separate (Persian) pljunuti, to spit,
pæczek, pupoljak,
bud, odvojiti, to
separate (Croatian)
,
ts’akhaliseba, to
podçega•, to
incite,
incite, pluc, to spit,
, kheli
pæczek, bud,
sheuts’q’os, to spur,
x
x
x
unknown
word;
probably "I
hope (spo) by
the god
"lare"; -e, abl.
single
Spina, Script
R542;
Spini, Script
R584;
Spinia, Script
R574;
Spinaom,
Spinaum
(SPINAVM),
Script R596
spolare,
(SPVLARE) or
SPV LARE
Script AV-8
9-52
tof, tof kardan,
§É¢ ãÕ to spit;
partâb kardan,
capândan,
gostardan, to
thrust; pisâmadegi,
birunoftâdegi,
protrusion,
˜ ˜Ñ–Ö-, erethízo, to incite, othisi,
sproximo, thrust;
spor, spor, seed, ”
ê ïð”, na diachoristoún,
to separate (Greek)
Ù‡€Ùƒ†¯œ•,
khrakhusel, to incite, ñ®œ•ƒ†
€¡€‡, t’k’elu hamar, to spit,
€ô€„œ•, bazhanel, to separate
(Armenian)
për të nxitur, to incite, shpoj, to
prick, peshtyj, to spit, për të
ndarë, to separate (Albanian)
spreagadh, to incite, a
scaradh, to separate
(Irish)
spor, incite, spur on,
instigate,
spuo, spuere,
spui, sputum, to brosnachaidh, to incite, a
sgaradh, to separate
spit out;
pars-partis,
(Scott)
poeri, to spit, expectorate;
part, share,
had-au, seed, issue;
fraction, party,
side, direction, , stwffio, to stuff, thrust,
cram, ysgogi, to incite,
duty,
separare, to
i wahanu, to separate
separate
(Welsh)
espurgare, to expurgate,
sputtare, to spit; sporgere,
to thrust out, protrude,
to thrust out,
spit [<OE
spittan] out;
to seed?
Spew out, to
spur [<OE
spura] parse,
to describe a
word or
group of
words, by
stating its
function or
part of speech
[<Lat. pars,
part], separate
{<Lat.
spor (SPVR),
Script Z1334;
spora
(SPVRA),
Script Z470;
spore
(SPVRE),
Script Z1065;
sporerim
(SPVREIM),
Script Z317,
Z386;
spores
(SPVRES),
Script Z73,
Z290, Z872,
Z945, Z999
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, k’virt’I,
bud,
,
gantsalk’eveba, to
separate (Georgian)
thrust, impel,
drive away; gr,
girati, swallow,
spit out, eject
gubru, spit, needle,
eburu, seed-grain,
nadû, spit-out, laid
(foundation) placed,
fallow, uncultivated,
uninhabited,
abandoned, strewn,
scattered, fallen,
etc., rêtu, to spit?,
n d ru’ti (n du),
spitting, kâ’u, spew,
to vomit, ar mu,
to separate, par su,
to separate, alienate,
to sever relations, to
divide a number, a
whole, to wean, etc.,
petû, to separate, to
move off, to remove
to a distance, to
remove from office,
reveal, etc., parsu,
separated, divided,
secluded, definitive,
par ru, to be
separated, scattered,
to become crushed,
to become confused,
distraught, etc.,
pi ru, separation,
ransom, split,
fissure, a part of the
body, undoing
(Akkadian)
per incitare, to incite,
separare, to separate
(Italian)
pouser, to push; espurgier,
to purge, inciter, to incite,
séparer, to separate
(French)
oddzieli , to
separate (Polish)
iedvesmot, to
incite, sp aut, to
spit, šaut, shoot,
atdal t, to separate
(Latvian)
spurgas, bud,
young shoot
(Baltic-Sudovian)
pentru a incita, to
incite, a scuipa, to
spit, SPOR, gain,
increase, growth,
benefit, progress,
mugur, bud, a
separa, to
separarate
(Romanian)
herättää, to incite,
sylkeä, to spit,
nuppu, bud, erottaa,
to separate
(Finnish-Uralic)
w ätk-, to separate
(Tocharian)
saligai, to spit, tatrahh,
tatra, to incite,
separare]
9-53
harb, separate oneself,
tuhs, tuhsana/tuhsani,
tuhus, to separate, to cut
off, to to be cut off,
separated (Hittite)
chun seasamh, to stand
(Irish)
âstâya [â-stâ]
hishtahi [stâ], to
stand (Avestan)
isttof, tof kardan,
ti hati (sth ), to
stand, sthA,
tiSThati, -te,
stand, stay, stop,
remain, wait;
avasthaatuM
sthaa, sthitaH
(situated)
istâdan, to
stand, râst
sodan, pâydâri
kardan, to stand;
mândan, tâb
âvardan, negâh
dâstan, to stay
(Persian)
, dogma, to
stand (Georgian)
itussu, izuzzu, to
stand (Akkadian)
, staja , to
stand (Belarusian)
stajac, v. imp. to
stand (Belarus)
ostajati, zaustaviti,
stub (Serbo
Croatian)
stajati, to stand
(Croatian)
stac, to stand,
stojak, stand,
(Polish)
stat, stalet, to stand,
(Baltic-Sudovian)
st v t, to stand
(Latvian)
a STA, to stand;
STAI, you stand,
stop, hold on, halt;
STARE, state,
condition, situation
(Romanian)
seistä, to stand
(Finnish-Uralic)
seasamh, to stand (Scott)
i sefyll, to stand, stop,
halt, pose; aros, to wait,
await, stay, stop,
remain, continue; trigo, to
stay, abide, dwell,
inhabit, die (Welsh)
chom, to stay; war-sav, to
be standing up,
(Breton)
, stékomai, to stand,
stamato, stirigma
(Greek)
€ •‚, kangnel, to stand
(Armenian)
për të qëndruar, to stand
(Albanian)
sto, stare, steti,
statum, orior, to
rise
sta, Script
N206, TA-2,
AF-6
star, Script
stare, to stand (Italian);
TC190;
STAReS, Script
stationare;
TC298:
stationner, se tenir debout,
to stand [<OE stai, Script
to stand (French)
standan], stay Z638;
[<Lat. stare,
ste, Script
lip, to stand,
to stand]
N139;
sti, Script Z47,
[B käly-], käly-, to stand
9-54
Z155, Z206,
(Tocharian)
Z245, TC238,
K79
sto (STV),
stta, to stand (Lycian)
Script Q303;
ta, to stand, (Luvian)
Sto – See
hundred?
anda ar-, arta, arhari,
tatsa, to stand,
ar, to stand by, to be
stationed, to remain
standing; to be present, to
occur, tiie/a, tie/a, to go
stand, to step, to place
onself, to set in (Hittite)
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Œ•Ž ••,
stabi‘ny, stable,
“Ž , stojla, stall
(Belarusian)
stabilan, stable,
odugovla”enje, stall
(Croatian)
stabilny, stable
mandur , stable
,
stoisko, stall
for horses, goƒ l , st’abiluri,
,
stable for cattle,
(Polish)
cherdeba, stall
sthira„, stable,
stabils, stable,
(Georgian)
firmvrajin, adj.,
gulta, stall
being in a stable;
(Latvian)
vraja, fold, shed,
grajd, stable, stand,
atnannu, stable
stable, station of
(Hurrian word),
stall, STABILI, to
herds; herd, flock,
establish, stable,
troop, multitude
k danu, in b t
settle, determine,
k dini, mule stable, state (Romanian)
vakaa, stable,
guzi, stableman,
pilttuu, stall
hostler, wati uru,
stablehand (Hurrian (Finnish-Uralic)
word), (Akkadian)
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establ …†‡ˆ stable,
stalls, ostovâr ‰ Š ‹
stable, adj., âxor,
stable, stable
(Persian)
tape ¨©ª hill, bartari,
barjastegi,
prominenc, tude,
kume, xarman,
stack; partgâh, cliff
(Persian)
,
mnishvneloba,
prominence,
,
unnatat ,
prominence,
prap ta„, cliff,
k§ a„, crag, rock,
cliff
tsitsabo gorak’I,
steep hill,
, k’ldeshi,
cliff,
,
natsrisperi, scarp
(Georgian)
baban«,
mountainous region
(Urartian)
k pu, cliff,
embankment,
m lû, hill, height,
high ground, ascent,
tab ku, to make
stacks bricks, reeds,
etc., to layer, to
pour, to spill, to
collapse, etc.
(Akkadian)
ihastha, adj.,
standing or
staying here
istâde, static, adj.,
(Persian)
,
st’at’ik’uri, static
(Georgian)
•—˜ó™, statherós, stable,
› œ•žžŸ, anavállo, stall,
stablos, stablizo, stable (Greek)
¡¢ , kayun, stable,
£ ¤ ¥ ¦, taghavar, stall
(Armenian)
i qëndrueshëm, stable, tezgë,
stall (Albanian)
stabilis-e, firm,
steady, stable;
stabulum-i,
habitation,
quarters
¬- ®Œ¯- •¯ ,
pratubieraniec,
prominence,
- ° , stroma,
steep cliff
(Belarusian)
neravnina,
prominence, strme
litice, steep cliff
(Croatian)
rozgøos,
prominence, strome
urwisko, steep cliff
(Polish)
izcil ba,
prominence, st v
klintis, steep cliff
(Latvian)
karpis, cliff;
aukara, crag
(Baltic-Sudovian)
proeminen±²,
prominence, stânc²
abrupt², steep cliff,
(Romanian)
huomattava asema,
prominence, jyrkkä
mäki, steep hill
(Finnish-Uralic)
•Â••,
staty”ny, static
(Belarusian)
stati”ki, static
(Croatian)
stayczny, static
(Polish)
statisks, static
(Latvian)
STÃTUTÃ, old,
decayed, tasteless,
static, static
(Romanian)
staattinen, static
(Finnish-Uralic)
³˜ —´ µ¶, proexochí,
prominence, · ˜— ó™, nkremós,
cliff, Ÿ˜ó™, sorós, stack; skopos,
prothesi, blepsi, scope (Greek)
¸ £ ¹ º, Haytni e, prominence,
£¦¡¢ » ¼¡£, ktruk zhayrrot,
steep cliff, ½¦£ ¾ ¦¡¢¿ ¡¢ ,
ts’rtaharut’yun, scarp, À ¦ Á,
k’arap’, alabaster (Armenian)
rëndësi, prominence, shkëmb i
pjerrët, steep cliff, rrëpirë,
skarpat, a scarp
rafte, a stack (Albanian)
scopulus-i,
rock, craig,
cliff, danger,
ruin
cobhsaí, stable, stalla,
stall (Irish)
stàball, stable, stall, stall
(Scott)
ystabl-au, stable, stall,
stall (Welsh)
stabile, stable, stalla, stall
(Italian)
stable, stable, stalle, stall
(French)
feiceálach, prominence,
cnoc géar, steep hill, crag,
crag (Irish)
stac, steep cliff, hill,
stack, creig, crag (Scott)
bryn serth, steep hill, allt
(elltydd), hill, hill-side,
cliff, wood;
clogwyn-i-au, cliff, crag,
precipice, bluff,
beisgawn-au, stack of
sheaves (Welsh)
staccare, vi., stacco
[spicco] relief,
prominence; scarpata,
bluff, cliff, scarp (Italian)
escarpé, adj. steep,
precipitous, sheer,
(French)
malkar, scarp, pila, stack, labar,
ameldigi, cliff, haitza, crag
(Basque)
peru, perun, rock, cliff,
boulder, perunant,
rocky, cragy,
stable, firm; a
building,
stable [<Lat.
stabilis,
stabulum],
stall [<OE
steall, cattle
stall]
stabli
(STA8LI),
Script N700
9-55
a cliff,
stack? [<ON
stakkr]); a
cape, scarp
[<Ital.
scarpa],
dominance,
stack; raft
[<ON raptr,
beam],
prominence,
pile, [<Lat.
pillar]
stakas, Script
TC190, TC298
9-56
#peruna, rock, hekur,
rock sanctuary (Hittite)
ó™,
statikós, static
(Greek)
Ä£ £¹ , statik, static
(Armenian)
i pandryshueshëm, static,
zgjatem, linger (Albanian)
sto, stare, steti,
statum
statach, static (Irish)
stoidhle, static (Scott)
statig, static (Welsh)
statico, static
(Italian);
statique, static
(French)
Istantae, Istantaie/a,
Istantae, to sty put, to
linger (Hittite)
static, [<Gk
statikos]
standing
9-57
statita
Script Q183,
Q174, R530,
R664
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glA, glAyati, to be
loth, displeased,
averse to, wearied,
exhausted, fade
away, wearied,
faded, withered;
mlA, mlAyati, -te
(mlAti), to relax,
languish, wither,
fade, decay; zuS,
zuSyati (-te), to
be dry, wither,
fade,
make dry up,
parch,
emaciate, afflict,
destroy; pANDu,
adj., white, pale
shataM, hundred
pazmorde,
pazmordan,
kamrang sodan, to
fade; rangparide,
kamrang, zard,
adj., pale (Persian)
saite [sata]
satem, hundred
(Avestan)
sad Šˆ hundred
(Persian)
, as, hundred
(Georgian)
meru, hundred,
meat (Akkadian)
blaknac, plowiec,
wiednac, zanikac,
fade; blady,
granica, plot,
sztacheta,
zblednac, pale
(Polish)
, sto, hundred
(Belarusian)
stotina, hundred
(Croatian)
sto, hundred
(Polish)
sto, hundred
(Serbo-Croation)
simtas, hundred
(Baltic-Lithuanian)
simts, hundred
(Latvian)
SUTÃ, hundred
(Romanian)
sata, hundred
(Finnish-Uralic)
marainomai,
xethoriazo,
exantloumai, fade; ochros,
chlomos, palouki, ochrio,
chlomiazo,
perifrasso, pale
(Greek)
i fishkur, i venitur, i flashkët, i
zbërdhulët, i
shpëlarë, faded adj. (Albanian)
he-katon, hundred
(Greek)
¾ ¦ ¡¢¦, haryur, hundred
(Armenian) njëquind, hundred,
(Albanian)
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diflannu, to disappear,
vanish, fade, flee; edwi
(edwino) to fade, wither,
palleo-ere, to be
decay; gwywo,
pale or yellow;
to wither, fade; gwelwi, to
pallor-oris
pale (Welsh)
paleness, fading
stingere, to fade; stinto,
adj. faded (Italian);
dépérir, to fade French)
centum,
hundred
, sts’ori,
straight (Georgian)
ešeriš, straight,
išaru, straight,
normal, regular,
ordinary, etc.,
9-58
hundred?
9-59
stinto
(STINTV),
Script Q376,
Q388, Q396,
sto (STV),
Script Q303; or
cueto
(CFETV)?
Script Z1137
see sta;
känt [B kante], hundred
(Tocharian)
M ,hundred (Hittite)
râst ÅÆ ‰ straight
dorost, yekrâst,
straight, (Persian)
sarala, straight
(making a line),
saral rekh ,
straight, making
the nose, n s
(nose) par varam,
straight, directly,
samarekha, adj.,
straight-lined,
straight; rju,
straight, right,
upright, honest;
praguNay, -yati, to
set right, make
straight
céad, hundred (Irish)
ceud hundred, (Scott)
cant (can) cannoedd,
cantoedd, hundred
(Welsh)
kant, hundred (Breton)
cento (Italian)
cent, hundred (French)
to fade
[<OFr.
fader], faded
díreach, straight (Irish)
¬- ° “, pramoj,
straight
(Belarusian)
ravno, straight
(Croatin)
proste, straight
(Polish)
eš ru, straighten up, taisni, straight
to go straight
(Latvian)
toward, to dispatch, drept, straight,
put in good order,
STRÇMTÃ, tight,
etc., šupšuqu,
STRÇMTA, to
straight, narrow,
tighten (Romanian)
distressed, painful,
—È•—É , eftheía, straight, tentono,
tighten (Greek)
¡¢¤¹¤, ughigh, straight
(Armenian)
i drejtë, drejt, adv. vijë drejtë
straight (Albanian)
zuzen, straight, right, direct,
correct, just (Basque)
sterno, stenere,
stravi, stratum,
to stretch over,
spread, lie
down, make
smooth,
overthrow,
calm, strew;
strictus, tight;
stringo,
stringere,
strinxi,
strictum, to
draw together,
affect, draw
weapon, touch
upon
dìreach, straight (Scott)
yn syth, stiff, erect,
perpendicular, straight
(Welsh)
dritto, straight, stretta,
tightening hold streto,
straight, narrow, tight,
close (Italian)
tout droit, straight, serrer,
to tighten, étroit, straight,
narrow (French)
straight,
[<ME
strecchen] to
stretch [<OE
streccan],
to strew
[<OE
strewian]
streta, Script
Z1571;
streter, Script
Z500
9-60
lazziie/a, straighten, to
set straight (Hittite)
tar u, straight,
correct, appropriate
(Akkadian)
racayati, to
arrange, rac,
racayati, to
arrange, produce,
form, make,
contrive,
arrange, produce,
cause, effect,
compose, write,
nirmim te,
construct, sUtray,
-yati, to put
together, arrange,
make into a,
perform,
morrattab kardan,
ÊË ŠÌÍÎ Æ to
arrange,
nazm, ÏÐÑ
arrangement,
discipline, ârâstan,
pirâstan,
râyânidan, to
arrange (Persian)
,
moats’q’os, to
arrange,
,
-Ò ••Ó Ô ,
arhanizava , to
arrange,
° “ - Ô ,
majstrava ,
construct
(Belarusian)
organizirati, to
arrange, izgraditi,
construct
(Croatian)
zaaranÕowa , to
arrange, zbudowa ,
construct (Polish)
organiz t, to
struo, struere,
› ˜· ›Ö — , na organósei, to
struxi,
structum, to put
arrange,
—È• — ,
kataskevásei, construct, kanonizo, together,
dieytheto, arrange, ˜ ׶, strofí, arrange, pile up,
build, erect,
strophe, stanza (Greek)
devise;
ØÙ •¦Ú•‚, kazmakerpel, to
stropha-ae, a
arrange,
¼¡¢½•‚, karruts’el,
trick, artifice;
construct (Armenian)
strophium-i, a
për të rregulluar, to
breast-band, a
arrange, ndërtoj, construct,
aranzhoj
headband,
chaplet, stantia,
arrange (Albanian)
stanza
socrú a dhéanam, to
arrange, tógáil, construct
(Irish)
a chuir air dòigh, to
arrange, togail, construct
(Scott)
i drefnu, to arrange,
order, organize,
marshall, adeiladu,
construct (Welsh)
organizzare, to arrange,
costruire, to construct,
(Italian)
organiser, arranger, to
arrange, construction,
name;
possibly
with the
prefix: to put
together,
organize,
[<Lat.
organum,
instrument]
arrange
[<OFr.
arangier], pile
up, build,
erect, devise;
a trick,
strogla,
(STRVbLA)
Script Q521,
Q671;
strophgla,
(STRVÛbLA)
Script
R370, R487;
R498
strophglas,
(STRVÛbLAS)
Q543; see
strophgla below
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mshenebloba,
construct (Georgian)
šid-(išt-), to build
(Urartian)
pa-, to build, erect
(Hurrian)
ep šu, to build,
construct, cultivate,
plant, ritual, practice
witchcraft,
d janûtu, (with
šû uzu) to arrange,
compose, drive
away, remove;
redû, to arrange, to
confiscate, abut?,
to add words,
entries in a tablet,
etc., lamû, objects
in a circle, to
arrange decorations
in a circular form,
circle, etc.,
construct (French)
arrange, b§v t,
construct (Latvian)
a aranja, to arrange,
construi, construct
(Romanian)
järjestää, to
arrange, rakentaa,
construct (FinnishUralic)
prñnawa, to construct
(Lycian)
hantae, to arrange,
arrange together,
tksesr, arrangement,
combination, settlement,
taks-, takkis->, construct,
contrive, use (Hittite)
artifice,
construct;
strophe [<Gk.
strophe,
movement of
the chorus],
stanza [<Lat.
stantia]
Note: It. gli,
to him, to
them
9-61
rak su, to arrange
in order, bandage, to
tie up a boat, etc.
(Akkadian)
ƒloka„, strophe,
verse, chalayati,
trick, chadman,
disguise, plea,
pretext, trick,
deceit, fraud,
ƒv sa-bhaÜga„,
treachery,
viƒv sagh ta„,
treachery, perfidy
kalak, ¨ÝÞß trick,
neyrang, râze kâr,
neyrang zadan, to
trick, khyant, ÅÑ Þã
treachery, perfidy
(Persian)
, st’enza,
strophe, stanza,
,
sheasrula, trick,
, ghalat’i,
treachery
(Georgian)
niklu, trick,
ingenuity,
deception, ikiltu,
trick, ruse,
treachery, nikiltu,
trick, skillful work,
cunning, deception,
nak lu, to trick,
play tricks, to act
cleverly, to deceive,
šiqbu, trick,
stratagem, šibqû,
stratagem, plot,
trick, p gu,
trickery, deceit,
pir tu, trickery,
deceit, lies,
tašgirtu, deceit,
treachery,
muštappitu,
muštaptu, šappitu,
adj., treacherous,
šap tu, to be
treacheroujs,
malicious,
muštapt tu,
null n tu, aliptu,
treachery, d tu,
- å , strafa,
strophe, -®æ, truk,
trick, Ô¯- Ž ° Ô ,
vieralomstva,
treachery
(Belarusian)
strofa, strophe, trik,
trick, izdaja,
treachery
(Croatian)
strofa, strophe,
trik, trick, zdrada,
treachery (Polish)
strope, strophe,
triks, trick,
nodev ba, treachery
(Latvian)
strof², strophe,
truc, trick, tr²dare,
treachery
(Romanian)
säkeistö, strophe,
temppu, trick,
petollisuus,
treachery (FinnishUralic)
µ›
, technasma, trik, apati,
trick, ˜ ׶, strofí, strophe,
stanza, ³˜ ç É , prodosía,
treachery (Gtreek)
è¥ ê¡¢¿ ¡¢ ,
kakhvatsut’yun, strophe, ¾ ¦À,
hnark’, trick, î ¥ ï ¡¢¿ ¡¢ ,
davachanut’yun, treachery
(Armenian)
strofë, strophe, mashtrim, trick,
iluzion, illusion, tradhti, treachery
(Albanian)
trikimailu, trick, traizioa,
treachery (Basque)
stropha-ae, a
trick, artifice;
strophium-i, a
breast-band, a
headband,
chaple,
artificium-i,
trick,
perfidia-ae,
treachery,
dishonesty,
proditor-oris,
traiter
strópach, strophe, trick,
trick, feall, treachery
(Irish)
strophe, strophe, cleas,
trick, fealltachd, treachery
(Scott)
strophe, strophe, sgil,
ploy, strategem, skill;
tric-iau, trick, hoax, brad,
treachery (Welsh)
strofa, strofe, strophe,
trucco, trick, tradimento,
treachery (Italian)
strophe, strophe, truc,
trick, traðtrise, treachery
(French)
strophe?
name?
trick?
[<ONFr.
trikier, to
deceive]
strophe [<Gk.
strophe,
movement of
the chorus],
stanza [<Lat.
stantia]Note:
It. gli, to him,
to them
strophgla
(STRVÛbLA),
Script R370,
R487, R498;
strophglas
(STRVÛbLAS)
Script R633
9-62
guh kune*[B
kuh käññe], deception,
trickery (Tocharian)
warpa/i, skill,
knowledge, craft
(Luvian)
ulkisra/wlkisra, skilled,
experienced, able,
apla, deceit, aplae,
entrap, mrsant, deceitful,
dishonest, unholy,
mrsadr, deception, fraud,
treachery (Hittite)
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treachery,
dishonesty, wan ’u,
to deceive, cheat
(Akkadian)
s vyati, to sew,
sañjayati, to
stitch
to
dukhtan,
sew (Persian)
, k’erva, to
sew (Georgian)
kubbû, to sew, to
patch, sewn,
patched, šê’u, to
upholster, layer, to
pad (Akkadian)
ô• , šy , to sew
(Belarusian)
šivati, to sew
(Croatian)
szy , to sew
(Polish)
š§t, to sew
(Latvian)
a coase, to sew,
COASEM, we sew,
SÃU, his, its;
(Romanian)
ommella, to sew
(Finnish-Uralic)
x› ˜•õŸ, na rápso, to sew
(Greek)
¦•‚, karel, to sew (Armenian)
për të qepur, to sew (Albanian)
suo, suere, sui,
sutum, to sew
suo, sua, his, its
josi, to sew (Basque)
chun stitch, to stitch
(Irish)
gus sew, to sew (Scott)
i gwn÷o, to sew (Welsh)
cucire, to sew, suo, his, its
(Italian)
à coudre, to sew, soi, his,
its (French)
sew, [<OE
seowian]
stitch, [<OE
stice, sting]
join; his, its
9-63
sr/srie/a, to sew,
embroider, to truss,
#salp, sewage (Hittite)
su (SF), Ind.
Pres. 1st Pers.
Singl. suo,
Script TC307
M50, DR-4;
CP34 (see sa)
sua (SFA),
Conj. Pres. 3rd
Pers. Singl.
suat, Script
AJ-11, BT24
sue (SFE), Ind.
Pres. 3rd Pers.
Fut., suet Script
Z128, Z131,
Z224, Z412,
Z1809
sueitus
(SFEITVS)
(suo: Lat. Ind.
Perf. 2nd Pers.
Pl. súitis, you
sew]
uís
Script HA-4
suem (SFEM),
!st Pers. Conj.
suam, "I would
sew," Script
Z656, Z1835,
Z1770
suis (SFIS)
(Ind. Pres. 2nd
Pers. Single,
you sew) Script
AP-5
das, dasyati, to
suffer want,
languish, exhaust,
consume, be
wanting, fail;
mRS, mRSyate,
not heed,
forget, suffer,
bear, put up with,
endure, forgive,
pardon
dastxose degarguni
sodan, degargun
sodan, to undergo
ranj bordan, tan
dardâdan, dard
kasidan, dard
dâshtan, to suffer
(Persian)
, gaiaros,
to undergo,
,
ganitsdian, to suffer
(Georgian)
ab tu, to suffer?,
in u, suffering
(Akkadian)
mrdu, soft, tender,
delicate, mild,
gentle,
weak, moderate;
madhya, adj.,
middle, central,
moderate,
indifferent,
neutral,
virân kardan, to
undermine, sast
kardan, ÊË Å Æ to
undermine, enfeeble,
weaken,
miyâneravi, ÞÍ
ý‰ þ moderation,
modârâ, moderation
(Persian)
durbal karoti,
dzirs utkhris,
undermine,
,
¬- “ •,
prajsci, to undergo,
¬ æ® Ô ,
pakutava , to suffer
(Belarusian)
pro i, to undergo,
trpjeti, to suffer
(Croatian)
podlega , to
undergo, cierpie ,
to suffer (Polish)
iet cauri, to
undergo, ciest, to
suffer (Latvian)
s² se supun², to
undergo, a suferi,
to suffer
(Romanian)
mennä, to undergo,
kärsiä, to suffer
(Finnish-Uralic)
¬ ÿ-•Ô ,
padryva ,
undermine,
Ž Œ¯ , slabie ,
weaken, $°¯- ••,
%mierany, moderate
(Belarusian)
potkopati,
undermine, oslabiti,
weaken, umjeren,
moderate
(Croatian)
podkopac,
› ȳ œžù• û›,
na ypovlithoún, to undergo,
› ȳ × ˜ È›,
na ypoféroun, to suffer (Greek)
½ •‚, ants’nel, to undergo,
£ ¼ Ú•‚, tarrapel, to suffer
(Armenian)
t'i nënshtrohen, to undergo, të
vuajë, to suffer (Albanian)
subeo-ire-li or
ivi-itum
dul faoi, to undergo, ag
fulaingt, to suffer (Irish)
gu bhith air a dhüanamh,
to undergo,
gus fulang, to suffer
(Scott)
i ymgymryd â nhw, to
undergo, i ddioddef, to
suffer, bear, endure, wait;
goddef, to
bear, endure, tolerate,
permit, let (Welsh)
subire, to suffer (Italian)
subir, to undergo, souffrir,
to suffer (French)
to undergo,
suffer [<Lat.
suffero,
sufferre, to
hold up,
support,
endure,
suffer]
suba (SV8A),
Script
R633, R644
9-64
käl- [B käl-], to suffer,
endure, klopa i, adj.,
suffering (Tocharian)
ȳ › —ûŸ, yponomevo,
subruoundermine,
˜ ™, métrios,
ruere-ruui
moderate , ž ó™, malakós,
rutum, to
soft, mild (Greek)
undermine;
¿¡¢‚ ½ •‚, t’ulats’nel,
sobrius-a-um,
undermine,
sober,
& Á ¥¡¦, ch’ap’avor,
ۥ moderate,
moderate (Armenian)
frugal;
modero-are, to
minojnë, undermine, mesatar,
regulate,
moderate (Albanian)
restrain, keep
within bounds;
ahultzeko, ahuldu, weaken,
mollesco-ere, to
moderatua, neurritsu, moderate
soften
an bonn, undermine, lagú,
weaken, measartha,
moderate (Irish)
lagachadh, undermine,
weaken, meadhanach,
moderate (Scott)
tanseilio, to undermine,
gwanhau, weaken,
cymedrol, moderate
(Welsh)
minare, undermine,
indebolire, weaken,
sobrio, adj. temperate,
to undermine,
overthrow,
destroy,
weaken,
[<ON veikr,
weak], sober,
moderate
{<Lat.
moderatus,
pp. moderare,
to regulate]
9-65
subra
(SV8RA),
Script R142
See also (Part
6-11)
molak
(MVLAK),
Script ZB-2,
Z54, Z206,
Z805, Z859,
Z1049
MvLAK, Script
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,
dasust’eba, weaken,
, zomieri,
moderate (Georgian)
moderate, moderare,
moderate (Italian)
saper, undermine,
affaiblir, weaken, sobre,
adj. sober, moderate,
temperate,
modéré, modérée,
moderate (French)
pa
u, to
weaken?,
rab bu, to weaken,
weaken
undermine,
osøabia , weaken,
to grow soft, to
umiarkowanyc,
relax, to calm down, moderate (Polish)
to calm someone
apdraud t,
down, to humble, to undermine,v jin t,
force into
weaken,
submission,
v jin tm rena,
moderate (Latvian)
naš ru, to weaken,
submina,
undermine, sl²bi,
to subtract, to
weaken, sobru,
reduce in size,
sober, moderat,
number, intensity, to
diminish in strength, moderate
(Romanian)
to remove, to
deduct, expropriate heikentää, to
part of a holding, to undermine,
cut off a piece of a
heikentää, weaken,
land holding, etc.,
kohtalainen,
moderate (Finnishanšu, weakened,
Uralic)
kul - (vb.) [B kul -],
weaken, cease
(Tocharian)
(Basque)
Z254
Z446, M-1,
M24
MvLAKE,
Script Z463
Z463
mlisku/milisku, weak,
light, unimportant,
mleskues, to become
weak, mliskunu, to make
weak, maleskues, to
make weak, maliskunu,
weaken (Hittite)
nâšu, to be
weakened, shaky,
to quake, to give
way, to recede, to
move, to dislodge,
to be shattered,
*šum u, weakened,
diminished,
unnušu, weakened,
dilapidated
(Akkadian)
jonbândan, ŠÑ †Ì+
to shake, larzes,
larzidan, takân
dâdan, to shake
(Persian)
kampate, to
shake, vepate, to
trembl, kSud,
kSodati, pound,
shatter, shake,
stamp upon, dash
to pieces
{kSoda3yati}
shake, crush,
,
sherkheva, to shake
(Georgian)
râbu, shake, to
dislodge, to
displace, to quake,
tremble, âšu, to
shake, nâšu, to
shake, to become
shaky, to be shaken,
to quake, to make
quake, to be
weakened, to give
way, to recede, to
move, to dislodge,
to be shattered,
nar u, to shake, to
cause to tremble,
quiver, sway, en šu,
shaky,
impoverished, to
become dilapidated,
weak, etc
(Akkadian)
ÿ-•= , dry@a ,
to shake
(Belarusian)
tresti, to shake
(Croatian)
wstrzXsnX , to
shake (Polish)
krat t, to shake
(Latvian)
a scutura, to shake
from beneath, to
haul dust, to agitate
(Romanian)
ravistaa, to shake
(Finnish-Uralic)
›
È›¶ — ,
na kounísei, to shake (Greek)
¿ Á ¾ ¦•‚,
t’ap’aharel, to shake (Armenian)
për të shkundur, to shake
(Albanian)
succutiocutere-cussi
cussm, to shake
from beneath
a chroitheadh, to shake
(Irish)
a 'crathadh, to shake
(Scott)
cysgogi, to shake,
move; siglo, to shake,
quake, rock, swing
(Welsh)
scuotere, scroilare, to
shake (Italian)
secouer, branler,
trembler, to shake
(French)
by his, Kato;
or to shake
[<OE
sceacan],
from
beneath
9-66
sukatv
(SVKATV),
Script Q755
(possibly su
Kato)
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carmaprabhedik ,
shoemaker’s awl
surâkh kon, Y ‰\Æ
^Ë perforator,
punch, awl
x
and,
they are
(Persian)
, isini
arian, they are
(Georgian)
aššunu, iššini (f.),
iššunu, they
(Akkadian)
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ô•Ž ô $ ,
šyla ša%ca,
shoemaker's awl
(Belarusian)
”arter obu e,
shoemaker's awl
(Croatian)
szydøo szewca,
shoemaker's awl
(Polish)
apavu aukla,
shoemaker's awl
(Latvian)
cizmarul,
shoemaker's awl,
SULA, Latin
subula, tool used to
make holes in
leather to pass the
thread (Romanian)
naskali, awl,
suuhun,
shoemaker's awl
(Finnish-Uralic)
ÈœžÉ, souvlí, awl (Greek)
`¡•Ù •¦¹ ¡£À•¦|,
shoyemakeri votk’ery,
shoemaker's awl (Armenian)
këpucari i këpucëve,
shoemaker's awl (Albanian)
sullus-a, a
swine
subula-ae, a
shoemakers awl
, jany, they are
(Belarusian)
oni su, they are
(Croatian)
oni s , they are
(Polish)
vi i ir, they are
(Latvian)
SUNT, they are
(Romanian)
he ovat, they are
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
,
aftoí eínai, they are (Greek)
, nrank’ yen, they are
(Armenian)
ata janë, they are (Albanian)
sunt
bâlâyi,
upper,
besyâr xub,
€•‚ ƒ ,
bâsokuh, superb, adj. cudo„ny, superb,
(Persian)
…†‡ˆ ‰, vierchni,
upper,
Š†‡‹Œ • •€Ž,
pierasiahnu•, to
,
surpass
shesanishnavi,
atyeti, to go
superb,
, zeda, (Belarusian)
beyond,
upper,
divan, superb,
uparitana, upper,
Gornji, upper,
ati obhana,
nadmašiti, to
‚
,
superb, jy yas,
surpass (Croatian)
gadaach’arbos, to
superior,
surpass
(Georgian)
wspaniaøy, superb,
laGgh, laGghati,
górny, upper,
-te, to leap, spring
prze cign •, to
over, go beyond,
aš u, above, aš u/o, surpass (Polish)
travel over,
lielisks, superb,
upper, high
mount, ascend,
(Hurrian)
augš•jais, upper,
escape, transgress,
p rsp•t, to surpass
surpass,
el, above, on,
(Latvian)
beyond, eli, above,
superb, superb,
atikr mati or
on, upon, over,
SUPRA, upper
-kr myati, to
towards, etc., el n,
side, upon,
surpass
el nu, prep. over,
superior, upper, s‘
upstream, in
dep‘“easc‘, to
addition to, apart
from, above, el nû, surpass (Romanian)
elû, upper, elâniš,
loistava, superb,
above, upward,
ylempi, upper,
lal nu, adv., above
ylittää, to surpass
(on a tablet),
(Finnish)
karpa u, superb,
at ru, to surpass in
awl greamair,
shoemaker's awl (Irish)
awl greusaiche,
shoemaker's awl (Scott)
awl cregyn, shoemaker's
awl (Welsh)
punteruolo da calzolaio,
shoemaker's awl (Italian)
l'alüne du cordonnier,
shoemaker's awl (French)
Sulla, name?,
shoemaker's
awl? [<OE
~l]
tá siad, they are (Irish)
tha iad, they are (Scott)
Mae nhw, they are
(Welsh)
loro sono, they are
(Italian)
elles sont (French)
they are
Sula (SFLA)
Script TC19
9-67
9-68
SUNT (SVNT)
Script Q701
(See SONT)
sum s, -smas, -e, they
(Hittite)
”•– —,
ypérochos, superb,
˜ – —, anóteros, upper,
™ ” –›œ , na xeperásei, to
surpass (Greek)
•
ž Ÿ, gerazants, superb,
¡ ¢ £¤¥¢, verin masum,
upper, •
ž Ÿ ¦¤¥ § ¢ ,
gerazants’elu hamar, to surpass
(Armenian)
madhështor,
superb, i sipërm, upper, për të
tejkaluar, to surpass (Albanian)
supra
iontach, superb,
Uachtarach, upper, dul
thar lear, to surpass (Irish)
iongantach, superb, àrd,
upper, a 'dol thairis air, to
surpass (Scott)
yn wych, superb, fry, adv.
above, aloft rhagori, to
excel, exceed, surpass,
outdo, predominate,
uchaf, upper (Welsh)
superare, to surpass,
overcome, exceed,
pass, superbo, superb,
superiore, upper (Italian)
superbe, adj. superb,
surpasser, to surpass
plus haut, upper (French)
hrzze/i-, hrtse/i, upper,
hri, up, on top
over, above,
besides,
beyond,
moreover,
upper [<?]
super (SVPER)
Script N417,
Q805
supro (SVPRV)
Script Q661
9-69
(Lycian)
sara, upon, thereon
(Luvian)
sratsiats, upstream,
upperside, sra,
upwards, aloft, atop of,
above, satsi, upwards,
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sari, up, above, for,
sramnats, from above
(Hittite)
importance, quality,
exceed in number
or size, be more
important, richer,
increase (Akkadian)
shahidan, ª« «¬
severely, saxt,
saxtgir, bipirâye, adj.
severe, bar
gardândán, -« ª®¯°¯
to avert (Persian)
, mdzime,
severe,
, tavidan
atsileba, to avert
(Georgian)
khara, severe,
ni¨©huram,
severely,
niv rayati, to
avert, prevent
tIkSNadaNDa,
bhRzadaNDa,
adj., inflicting
severe
punishment;
dAruNa, to be
hard, rough,
harsh, cruel,
severe
€ ±²‰, cia³ki,
severe, ‚´
Š‡‹‚•ˆ‰´†
, dlia
praduchiliennia, to
avert (Belarusian)
ozbiljan, severe,
dann tu, severe,
izbjegavati, to avert
strict words or
(Croatian)
orders, mar u,
severe, impregnable, silny, severe,
zapobiec, to avert
inaccessible,
(Polish)
difficult, diseased,
sick, grievous,
smags, severe,
bitter, kabtu,
nov•rst, to avert
severe, serious,
(Latvian)
influential person at
sever, severe,
the royal court,
important, honored, pentru a evita, to
avert (Romanian)
grievous,
vaikea, severe,
dangerous,
estää, to evert
abundant, heavy,
dense, substantial,
(Finnish-Uralic)
venerable, et qu ,
to avert, transfer, go
overland, to pass by,
cause delay, etc.,
napal û, to avoid,
passover, * imittu,
evasion, amd tu,
evasions, * imdu,
adj. evasive,
am du, to be
evasive (Akkadian)
œ µ–ó—, afstirós, severe,
” ¶·¸ ,
na apofýgete, to avert (Greek)
¹
, tsanr, severe, º » ¦¤¥
§ ¢ , kankhelu hamar, to avert
(Armenian)i rëndë, severe, për të
shmangur, to avert (Albanian)
severus-a-um,
grave, serious,
strict, stern,
hard; adv.
severe
dian, severe, a sheachaint,
to avert (Irish)
dona, severe, gus stad a
chur air, to avert (Scott)
difrifol, severe, dygn, adj.
hard, severe, grievous,
dire, pernicious; egr, adj.
sharp, sour, severe,
savage, i osgoi, to avert
(Welsh)
grave, severe, severo, adj.
strict, severe; sferrara, vt.
to unshoe a horse; to
deliver a blow; sviare, to
deviate, avert, lead astray
(Italian);
sévère, adj. severe; éviter,
to avoid, avert
(French)
Severus, a
name of
an Etruscan
queen / king;
to be severe;
to turn aside,
swerve [<OE
sweorfan],
veer, [<OFr.
virer], avert
[<Lat.
avertere]
suvera
(SV8ERA),
Script Q372,
Q389, Q391,
which is also
used in the
context of a
name; see
Svera or suera,
(SFERA),
Script K31
9-70
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Notes to Indo-European Table1 Part 9
English word Dictionary and English word origins from "The Concise American Heritage Dictionary," Houghton
Mifflin Co., Boston, 1987.
Latin Dictionary mainly used, Cassell's, Latin-English, English-Italian Dictionary, Collier Books, MacMillan
Publishing Co., NY, 1963
Italian Dictionary, Mondadori's Italian-English, English-Italian Dictioanary, Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster, NY,
1961
French Dictionary, Larousse's French-English, English-French Dictionary, Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster, NY,
1971
Other dictionaries from online sources that have come and gone, as it were.
* Some Hittite words from www.utexas.edu.; Most of the Hittite vocabulary is adapted from Lia Pena,
https://www.academia.edu/35508624/Hittite_English_Dictionary.docx. uploaded 3.06.18 ; Hittite words with #, from:
https://thevore.com/hittite/ (1/30.19)
Avestan words from: http://www.avesta.org/avdict/avdict.htm#dctc
Tocharian words were obtained through various online sources; however, we owe thanks to the following for
enabling new additions in our current edition>: a dictionary recently uploaded to academia.edu: A Dictionary and
Thesaurus of Tocharian A Vol 1: Letters a-j, By Gerd Carling In collaboration with Georges-Jean Pinault and Werner
Winter.
Persian words are mainly from https://glosbe.com/en/fa/
(1) In "su" the use of "f" as a vowel has been translating with the consonant "s" as "su"; this would require
that "v" with the consonant "s" translate as "so." Where this takes place we can see a fairly consistent shift
in the Latin vowel "u" to "o" in Italian and French.
(2) A short inscription on Queen Thaniquil's tomb, Script A, uses the word, svthi, under, which indicates that
her remains were under that monument. She was the wife of the first Tarquin kings of Rome.
(3) Thanks to Constantin Cucu for his contributions on the Romanian language.
Please beam me back to Indo-European_Table 1
Please beam me back to Etruscan_Phrases
Launched 1.01.04
Updated: 1.18.04; 2.08.04; 2.22.04; 2.29.04; 3.01.04; 3.04.04; 3.06.04; 3.23.04; 3.26.04; 4.04.04; 4.12.04; 4.20.04;
4.29.04; 5.12.04; 5.25.04; 5.31.04; 6.24.04; 7.12.04; 9.21.04; 5.14.05; 6.05.05; 2.23.06; 7.22.06; 10.14.11; 10.16.11;
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Copyright © 1981-2019 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.
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08.20.19 Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE):
Etruscan_Phrases
Indo-European Table 1, Part 10
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Etruscan_Phrases
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Table 1 Index
(Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table 1)
Table 1, Section 1E: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.
Sanskrit
tvad ya , thy,
thine, ta, tad,
he, she, it, this
that; ya ta,
whoever,
anybody, tvá,
Avestan, Persian,
Georgian, Hurrian,
Akkadian
azâne to, at, adj.,
azâne to, thy; azâne
somâ, your, adj.
thy, your
mâle tu,
,
yours (Persian)
, sheni, thy,
your (Georgian)
tuam, tvam
tvaa, unto you;
tvaaM, to you;
tvai, with regard
to thee
Slavic, Baltic,
Romanian,
Finnish-Uralic
, vas, thy, your
(Belarusian)
vas, thy, your (Croatian)
swój, thy, vaš, your
(Polish)
j su, thy, tava, your
(Latvian)
jusun, your
(Baltic-Sudovian)
t u, thy, TA, your
(Romanian)
sinun, thy, teidän, your
(Finnish-Uralic)
, ciabie, to you, ,
vy, you (Belarusian)
ty [sing.], vy [pl.]
(Belarus)
tebi, to you, vas, you
(Croatian)
tvêm [tûm], thou,
do Ciebie, to you, ty,
tava [tûm], of
you (Polish)tu, thou
thee, thwa [-]
(Baltic-Sudovian)
thwat [tûm]
tu (Baltic-Lithuanian)
(thee) thwat
tev, to you, tu, you
[tûm], thee, å
[tûm], you, ýûzhem (Latvian)
Greek, Armenian,
Albanian, Basque
V, sas, thy, your
(Greek)
, DZer, thy,
your (Armenian)
juaj, jote, your, jot,
yours, yt, thy, yte,
thy (Albanian)
, se eséna,
to you, eseis, esy,
you (Greek)
, k’ez, to you,
, duk’, you
(Armenian)
për ju, to you, ti,
ju, you (Albanian)
Latin
tuum (singular);
vestra, (plural)
tu, you Nom.
tui, you Gen.
tibi, you Dat.
te, you Acc.
te, you, Abl.
Other
English
do thu, thy, do, your
(Irish)
do dh ', thy, your (Scott)
dy, thy, eich, your
thy, your
(Welsh)
tuo, thy, il tuo, your
10-1
(Italian)
votre, vos, tes, ton, ta,
your; tes, ton, ta, thy, your
(ta, f.) (French)
duit, to you, tú, you
(Irish)
Dhutsa, to you, tha thu,
you (Scott)
chi, you, i chi, to you,
(Welsh)
a te, to you, tu, you,
(Italian)
à toi, to you, to thee, to
yourself,
te, you (French)
you, to you
10-2
Etruscan
ta, Script Z1334,
Z1397, N357,
Q290, Q320,
Q326, Q671,
Aph-3, TC61,
S-18, Au34,
XB-42, XJ-21
TE Script M45,
N184, N294,
N453, Q15, Q17,
Q25, Q42, Q46,
Q209, Q283,
Q521, Q551,
Q671, R41, R54,
R59, R76, R173,
R188, R212,
R229, R270,
R339, Au39, L15,
BS-7
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[tûm], you, toi, to
you (Avestan)
shomâ
you,
somârâ, you
(Persian)
, shentis, to
you,
, shen, you
(Georgian)
'-au, you, verbal
ending Urartian)
'- , -€, you, verbal
ending, '-m(ma),
'-mma, -m, you,
encl. pron. Single,
'-ffa, '-w, '-ppa /
-ffa, -p,thou, encl.
pron. Pl. (Hurrian)
ti/tu, you, single (Palaic)
tu, to you, ti/tu,
unts, you, single,
u(n)tsa, you, pl. (Luvian)
pentru tine, to you, te,
yourself, tu, you
(Romanian)
sinulle, to you, sinä, you
(Finnish-Uralic)
ta/tu, Dat. single, to you,
ti/di, Acc. single, you,
ti/tu, you, single,
Sum, Nom. Sumes,
sumeis, you, pl. (Hittite)
x
, ciabie, to you,
• ‚ƒ, yourself
(Belarusian)
tebi, to you, sami,
yourself (Croatian)
do Ciebie, to you, siebie,
, shentis, to yourself (Polish)
tev, to you, sevi,
you,
, sak’utar
yourself (Latvian)
tavs, yourself
„I, you, pentru tine, to
(Georgian)
you, tu, yourself
somâ, somârâ,
you, pron.; azâne
to, at, adj., azâne to,
thy; azâne somâ,
your, adj. (Persian)
,
se eséna, to you,
… † ‡ˆ‰†V, sý o
ídios, yourself
(Greek)
,Š ,
duk’, dzer, you,
your,
, k’ez, to
you (Armenian)
ti, ju, teje [prej], të,
njeriu, pron. you
tibi, 2nd person
personal &
reflexive,
Dat., you
duit, to you, tú féin,
yourself (Irish)
Dhutsa, to you, thu fhèin,
yourself (Scott)
to you,
i chi (chwi), to you, eich
yourself
hun, yourself, chwithau,
dy ('th), eich ('ch), ti
10-3
(Welsh)
ti, you, to you,
te stesso, yourself
(Italian)
Te, Script AO-4,
XB-31, XF-4,
TC46,TC61,
TC71, TC108,
TC170, TC201,
TC260, TC298,
TC327, K74,
K86, AP-4,
Au90, N230,
N349, N404,
Q806, R17,
R116, R124,
R258, R306,
R359, PL-6,
SM-4, Au-2,
Au92, L24, L53
XB-31
TI, Script Z84,
Z105, Z300,
Z572, Z880,
Z945, Z1386,
Z1770, Z1818,
K79, AG-8,
AK-7, TC41,
TC46, Au85,
BT-17, Au84,
PC-5
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à toi, to you,
toi même, yourself
(French)
atta (attu), you, m.
single, atti, f. pl.,
attina (Akkadian)
(Romanian)
sinulle, to you, sinä itse,
yourself (FinnishUralic)
(Albanian)
smas, to you,
tsikila, you, yourself
(Hittie)
, vy, you,
, vaš,
your (Belarusian)
vas, you, vaš, your
(Croatian)
tuam, tvam
vaH, yours
tha, your (Avesyan)
somâ, somârâ,
you, pron. azâne
to, at, adj., azâne to,
thy; azâne somâ,
your, adj. (Persian)
, shen, you,
, sheni, your
(Georgian)
ty, you, Twój, your
(Polish)
tu, you, tava, your
(Latvian)
tvas, your (Lithuanian)
tu, you, ta, your, TEU,
old Romanian for your
(Romanian)
sinä, you, teidän, your
(Finnish-Uralic)
‡V, eseis, you,
‹ ˆ‰Œ †•, ta
dika sou, your,
ˆ‰ŒŽ V, dikí sas,
yours (Greek)
, duk’, you,
Š , dzer, your
(Armenian)
ju, you, juaj, your .
(Albanian)
tu, 2nd person
pers. & reflex.,
Nom., you;
tui, 2nd person
pers. & reflex.
Gen., you
tuus-a-um, thy,
thine, your
tú, you, dochi, your
(Irish)
tha thu, bhur, you, do dh ',
your (Scott)
chi, you, eich, your
(Welsh)
da, you (Breton)
tu, you, thou, sing. il tuo,
your tuo, tuoi, your, thy,
yours, sing. pl. (Italian)
tu, you, votre, vos, yours,
toi, pers. pron. you,
posses. ton, poss. adj. (f.
ta, pl. tes) your, thine
you, your,
(French)
yours
10-4
-ci, you (Tocharian)
Smi/Sma/Sme, you,
yours, ti/ta/te, your,
smi/sma/sme, your, their
(Hittite)
tu (T ), Script
Z656, TC161,
TC108, TC170,
TC201, N149,
N160, N230,
N244, N254,
R212, R314,
R370, R394,
R426, R447,
R459, R521,
R530, R596,
R607, R619,
R633, R653,
N417, N522,
N582, N748,
Q51, Q66, Q74,
Q95, Q107,
Q171, Q217,
Q224, Q273,
Q311, Q351,
Q406, Q442,
Q460, Q754,
Q899, R51, R70,
R72, R128, R173,
R188
thu (• ) , Script
M78
thus, thos (•vS)?
Script M32
phalakam, table,
miz, •‘ table,
miz,xân, xorâk,
table; taxte,
lowhe, tablet
(Persian)
, magida,
table (Georgian)
bhArman,
support,
board, table;
paTTakan,
plate, tablet,
cloth, bandage,
document;
phalaka, adj.
diškû, a type of
result,
table (Akkadian)
advantage,
halaka, tablet,
board, a
wooden bench,
palm of the
hand, shield
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•“†”, stol, table
(Belarusian)
stol, table (Croatian)
stóø, table, tabletka,
tablica,
tablet (Polish)
tabula, table (Latvian)
masa, table, TABL•,
sheetmetal, board,
blackboard (Romanian)
pöytä, table (FinnishUralic)
‹– — ˜‰, trapézi,
table, chapi,
pinakida, tablet
(Greek)
™ ›œ•, seghan,
table (Armenian)
tabelëtabelë, table
(Albanian)
tabella-ae, tablet,
flat board,
document, letter,
record
tábla, table (Irish)
clàr, table (Scott)
bwrdd, bord-ydd-au,
table, board; tabl-au,
table; tafle-nau-ni,
table, list, leaflet
(Welsh)
tabella, table, list
tavola, tavolo, table,
board, plate (Italian)
table, table (French)
table, [<Lat.
tabula, board]
tablet, board
[<OE bord]
table (TA8LE),
Script Q107
10-5
taula, table
(Basque)
lahura, offering table
(Hittite)
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x
x
x
x
x
x
Taei, name?
10-6
Taei, Script XA-8
Taeia, Script XJ-5
x
x
x
x
x
x
Tafos, Taphos,
name?
10-7
TAFOS
(TAF S), Script
XA-5
Tages,
Etruscan
god of
boundaries
10-8
Tages, Script
N320,
N353, N444,
N660;
Q863, R278,
R607
Taie, name? to
cut [<ME
cutten],
razor [<Lat.
radere, to
scrape), to
nick [<ME
nik, a shallow
cut, npotch or
chip on a
surface, to cut
a nich, just at
the critical
moment]
TAIE (See ATAI,
Hades) Script
X -1
x
x
chinatti, to cut,
mužŸayati, to
shave
thweresaiti
[thwares], to cut
off, destroy
(Avestan)
rish zadan, to
shave, boridan,
¡¢£¤ to cut
(Persian)
, ch’ra, to cut,
,
gap’arsva, to shave
(Georgian)
uddudu, deeply
cut, ras bu, to cut
down enemies, to
strike down, to
smash, to pummel,
thrash, pu,
cut-off piece,
anxiety, break,
gully, panic,
kaš u, to cut
down orchards,
fruit trees,
interrupt, ar pu,
nas ru?, to cut,
kas mu, to cut
down trees, to cut
wood, to cut
weeds, to cut or
chop herbs,
ka bu, to cut off,
nukkusu,adj., cut
in pieces, torn,
naksu, adj., cut,
felled, cut off,
severed, ripped,
torn, slaughtered,
nak su, to cut
through, notch, fell
trees, cut dates, etc.
niksu, cut-off
flesh, cut of meat,
cutting off the
head, cutting the
throat, the wings,
slaughter, slicing,
kar tu, to cut off,
to break off, to
strike, kalû, to cut
off, deny a wish, to
prevent, to stop,
detain, etc.,
šam u, to cut off,
strip away, tear
loose, rub away,
etc., qat pu, to cut
off, trim timber,
pluck, pick fruit,
etc., arû, erû, to
cut branches,
šal qu, to cut
open, slit many
x
x
x
x
¥¦§ ¨, reza©, to cut,
ª ”ƒ ¨, hali©, to shave
(Belarusian)
rezati, to cut, obrijati, to
shave (Croatian)
uci«©, to cut, goli© si¬, to
shave (Polish)
griezt, to cut, sk ties, to
shave (Latvian)
a t ia, to cut, TAIE,
he/she cuts, a se
b rbieri, to shave
(Romanian)
katkaista, to cut, ajella,
to shave (FinnishUralic)
x Œó-®, na
kópso, to cut,
¯•–‰ ‹°, na
xyristó, to shave
(Greek)
±² ³, ktrel, to
cut, ™œ´ µ ³,
sap’rvel, to shave
(Armenian)
te presesh, to cut,
për të rruhem, to
shave (Albanian)
secare, caedere, to
cut
a ghearradh, to cut, a
shave, to shave (Irish)
a ghearradh, to cut, a
'feuchainn, to shave
(Scott)
i dorri, to cut, i arllwys, to
shave (Welsh)
tagliare, to cut, radere, to
shave (Italian)
couper, to cut, se raser, to
shave (French)
moztu, to cut
(Basque)
kost, cut, edge, kär¶t·-[B
10-9
kärst·-], to destroy, cut
off (Tocharian)
Fa-karsed, to cut out
(Lydian)
kuar/kur, to cut,
kurama, kuratr,
kuratn, cutting,
kurana/i, cutter,
kursauar/kursau(a)n, to
cut off, karsnu, kars, to
cut off, cancel (Luvian)
kuer/kur, kuers, kurs,
ku rzi, to cut, kurutsi,
cutter, kuresr/kuresn,
cutting, karsiie/a, to cut
up, karses, karsesn,
cutting, karsat, cutting,
removal, kartae, to cut
off, tuhhus->, tuhs,
tuhus, tuhsanna/
tuhsanni, cut off, to
separate, to be cut off,
separated, wali, shaven?
(Hittite)
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times, etc., ga u,
to cut, trim,
mutilate, kartu,
adj., cut up,
kasmu, cut up,
chopped, pulled,
weeded, gullubu,
to shave, rob,
despoil, gullubu,
adj., shaved,
gall b tu, shaving
ritual for priests,
etc. (Akkadian)
salach, dirty, truaillithe,
defiled (Irish)
neònach, hideous,
truailleadh, defiled (Scott)
budr (budur), adj. dirty,
filthy, nasty, vile, foul;
amhur (amhurol, amur),
adj., impure, foul,
unclean; aflan, adj.
unclean, polluted, foul,
wedi'i ddifetha, defiled
(Welsh)
orrendo, hideous, infetto,
infected, foul,
contaminato, defiled,
impuro, impure (Italian)
hideux, hideous, souillé,
defiled, odieux, odious,
impur, impure (French)
nâ pâk, ¹ º » foul,
palid, adj., palid,
cerkin, foul
(Persian)
, ts’its’ak’a,
putrid,
,
ts’ashlilia, defiled
(Georgian)
¼†½” , podly vile,
¼ ª ¾ƒ¿, apahaniÀ,
defiled ¾ Á •“ ,
pUy, pUyati, to
niaÂysty, impure
become foul or
(Belarusian)
putrid, stink,
loš, vile, oskvrnuo,
dirty, foul, timid,
defiled, neÂist, impure
shy, dirt, timidity,
(Croatian)
podøy, vile, zhaÃbiony,
shyness,
defiled,
zanieczyszczony, impure
malina¸, foul,
abominable,
(Polish) apkaunots,
lap tu, to be
defiled, netÄrs, impure
detestable,
defiled, to make
(Latvian)
unclean, to write
d ¶ayati, to
down, etc., lu’û, to josnic, vile, spurcat,
defile, corrupt,
defiled, impur, impure
defile, , to
(Romanian)
pollute
desecrate (a
sanctuary, a rite), to halpamainen, vile,
dirty an object, etc., saastutti, defiled,
isaru, in išaru,
epäpuhdas, impure
impure, abnormal, (Finnish-Uralic)
irregular, unjust,
polluted, unjustly
treated,
unfortunate,
impotent
(Akkadian)
Å–®Æ –óV,
vromerós, foul,
ƆDž ÈÉŒ ,
molýnthike,
defiled,
ŒÊÈ –‹†V,
akáthartos, impure,
epithetikos,
prosblitikos,
offensive (Greek)
™œ ™œ´ ³Ë,
sarsap’eli, hideous,
Ì›Í ³, pghtsel,
defiled,
œ•Ì˲œ•,
anpitan, impure
(Armenian)
i shëmtuar,
hideous, ndotur,
defiled, i papastër,
impure
(Albanian)
,foedus-a-um,
foul, filthy,
foedo-are, to
defile, taetertra-tru, foul,
hideous,
offensive,
disgraceful,
abominable, adv.
taetre
ucchi¶t, unclean, impure,
polluted, [B kr·ke], dirt,
filth (Tocharian)
parata? impurity
(Luvian)
paprah,paprahh, to
defile, impure, to make
impure,
foul [<OE
ful], hideous,
offensive,
abominable,
soiled [<OFr.
souiller]
defiled
TAITeR,
Script Z421
10-10
papradr/papran,
defilement, impurity,
impropriety,
papre, impure, to do
something impure, be
proven guilty by ordeal
saknes, sknes,
defiled, impure, to
become impure, defiled,
sknuant, defiled by sakr
(faeces, dung), impure,
soiled, sknumr,
defilement by defecation
(Hittite)
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sama, adj., even,
smooth, parallel;
like, equal to
chenin, ΑÏÐ such,
conin, yekconin,
ingune, such, adv.,
pron.; mânand,
hamânand, yeksân,
adv. mânand,
yeksân, similar
(Persian)
“ Ñ, tak, such
(Belarusian)
takav, such (Croatian)
taki, such (Polish)
t·ds, such (Latvian)
astfel de, such
(Romanian)
sellainen, such (FinnishUralic)
‹ ‹†‰†V,
tétoios, such,
omoios, similar;
(Greek)
œÒ Ì˙˕,
aydpisin, such
(Armenian)
i tillë, such, kaq, so
(Albanian)
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talis-e, of such a
kind, such
Nom., Gen. talis
Dat., Abl. tali
den sórt sin, such (Irish)
leithid sin, such (Scott)
o'r fath, such, cyfryw, adj.
like, such cyffelyb, adj.
like, similar (Welsh)
tale, adj., pron., come,
such (Italian)
tel, telle, adj., pron., such
(French)
such, [<OE
swylc], like,
similar, same,
such a one
tal, Script TC161
tali, Script AC-10
10-11
, aseti, such
(Georgian)
y tana, requi al,
retalia on, pra ,
k ra or -kriy ,
retalia on,
pra phalam,
retribu on,
retalia on,
vairayAtanA,
requital of
enmity,
retalia on;
pra kAra,
requital,
retalia on,
counterac on,
remedy;
pra kriyA,
requital,
retalia on,
defence,
remedy,
damaya , to
tame,
cúiteamh, retaliation,
tuzes, retaliation,
½½§ ÑÖ,
râm, ÓÔÕ tame
(Persian)
,
shurisdzieba,
retaliation,
,
motviniereba, to
tame (Georgian)
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addziaku, retaliation,
¼¥ ¥ÖÁ ¨, pryruÂy©,
to tame, (Belarusian)
osveta, retaliation,
ukrotiti, to tame,
(Croatian)
odwet, retaliation,
okieøzna©, to tame,
(Polish)
atriebÄba, retaliation,
pieradin·t, to tame,
(Latvian)
represalii, retaliation, a
îmblânzi, to tame,
(Romanian)
kosto, retaliation,
kesyttää, to tame,
(Finnish-Uralic)
‹‡—†‰ ,
antípoina,
retaliation,
antekdikisi,
ˆ Æʘ®, damázo,
to tame, (Greek)
ל±œ×œ µœÍ,
hakaharvats,
retaliation,
לØÙ
³,
hamburel, to tame
(Armenian)
shpagim,
retaliation, për të
zbutur, to tame
(Albanian)
talio-onis,
retaliation
domo, domare,
domui, domitum,
to tame
damnaim, (OIr.), to tie up
(Irish)
dìoghaltas, retaliation
(Scott)
gwrthdaro, retaliation,
ad-daledigaeth-au,
ad-daliad-au, retribution,
recompense,
retaliation (Welsh)
rappresaglia, retaliation,
retribuzione, retribution,
tallone, heel, taluno, adj.
pron. someone, domare,
to tame (Italian)
talion, retaliation, talon,
heel, domtare, to tame
(French)
retaliation?
[<Lat.
retaliare, to
retaliate],
repress [<Lat.
repressus, pp.
of reprimere,
to repress],
tame [<OE
tam], heel
talena, Script
Q39, Q41 (See
THALNA,
Etruscan goddess
of retribution, and
mother of Helen
of Troy (Gk.
Nemesis)
10-12
talio (TALI )
Script PC-7
tamass/tame/iss, tmas,
tme/is, to oppress,
(Hittite)
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nakha, nakhara¸,
talon, claw, spur
of a cock,
p·r¶ži¸, heel
, kusli,
heel,
,
t’aloni, talon
(Georgian)
as du, heel of a
human being,
eqbu, heel, hoof
(Akkadian)
•, abcas, heel,
у¼ Ú¥, kipciur, talon
(Belarusian)
potpetica, heel, talon,
talon (Croatian)
obcas, heel, talon, talon
(Polish)
papÛdis, heel, talons,
talon (Latvian)
toc, heel, talon, talon
(Romanian)
kantapää, heel, kynsi,
talon (Finnish-Uralic)
Ü‹ – , ftérna,
heel, …݉ †– ‡†•,
nýchi orníou,
talon (Greek)
Þœ ߜ̜ ã,
garshapary, heel,
朳œ•, t’alan,
talon (Armenian)
thembër, heel,
kthetër, talon
(Albanian)
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talus-i
‚¥ , ciemra,
darkness, õ‚¾ ,
ciomny, dark, •“¥ ÷,
strach, fear, “ Ñ, tak, so
(Belarusian)
tama, darkness, mrak,
dark, strah, fear, tako, so
(Croatian)
potamniti, darken
tamah, tamas,
(Serbo-Croatian)
deraš-, fear
darkness,
ciemnoù©, darkness,
(Urartian)
timeri, timari, dark, ciemny, dark, strach,
timir·vçta¸, dark, ug-, to fear
fear, wi¬c, so (Polish)
t·masa¸, dark,
(Hurrian)
dumas, dark; tamsa,
gloomy, tr·sa¸,
gloomy
adru, adirtu,
fright, bhÄta¸,
(Baltic-Sudovian)
idirtu,
dark,
sad,
afraid, mayam,
tumsa, darkness, tumšs,
hidirtu,
edirtu,
fear, sabhaya¸,
dark, bailes, fear, dr ms,
darkness,
possessed of
gloomy, t·, so (Latvian)
misfortune,
fear
calamity, diru,
întuneric, darkness,
darkening, ad ru,
dark, fric , fear, sumbru,
fear, ad ru, fear, to gloomy, TAMAN, so, so
fear the diety,
far, to such a degree
respect the oath,
ad riš, fear, in fear, (Romanian)
pimeys, darkness,
adirtu, edirtu,
idirtu, idištu, fear, tumma, dark,
pelko, fear, synkkä,
apprehension,
unhappiness,
gloomy, niin, so
ad ru, overcast,
(Finnish-Uralic)
*du’umiš, tarkiš ,
adv., darkly,
da’ummatu,
darkness, gloom,
erpu, adj., dark,
all mu, dark,
black tempered
(said of metal),
ill nû, dark,
providing shade,
somber, etc., ašû,
dark, cloudy,
na’duru, darkened,
eclipsed, ukkulu,
darkened, dark
talos (TALOS)
Script XL-1
prsna? heel, body part,
near feet Hittite)
sâmahe [sâma],
dark, black
(Avestan)
târik, ï¢Õ dark,
târiki ðñ¢Õ
darkness, tars, ô£
fear, ziyad, so
(Persian)
, sibnele,
darkness,
,
bneli, dark,
,
shishi, fear,
,
p’irkushia, gloomy,
, ise, so
(Georgian)
suil, heel, talún, talon
talon, heel
(Irish)
[<OE hÛlia]
seal, heel, s an Iar-, talon
10-13
(Scott)
sawdl, heel, talon, talon
(Welsh)
talone, heel, artiglio, talon
(Italian)
talon, heel, talon
(French)
Œ†‹Êˆ‰, skotádi,
darkness, dark,
ÜóņV, fóvos,
fobos, ˜†Ü –óV,
zoferós, gloomy
ü‹ ‰, þtsi, so
ü‹ ‰ (Greek)
ÿœµœ ã,
khavary,
darkness, Ø æ,
mut’, dark, µœÿã,
vakhy, fear, Ø!œÒ³,
mrrayl, gloomy,
œÒ Ì ™, aydpes,
so (Armenian)
terr, darkness, i
errët, dark, frikë,
fear,kështu që
kështu që,
sokështu
temero-are, to
darken,
timeo-ere, to fear,
dread,
tam, so, so far, to
such degree,
Orcus-i, Orcos,
the infernal
region, god of the
lower world
dorchadas, darken,
dorcha, dark, eagla, fear,
go dtí an méid sin, to such
a degree, mar sin, so
(Irish)
dorchadas, darken,
dorcha, dark, eagal, fear,
gu ìre cho mòr, to such a
degree, mar sin (Scott)
tywyllwch, darken,
tywyll, dark, ofn, fear, i
raddau o'r fath, to such a
degree, felly, so (Welsh)
scurire, to darken, paura,
timore, fear, dread, a tal
punto, to such a degree
(Italian)
assombrir, to darken,
foncé, dark noircir, to
blacken, peur, timoré, adj.
timorous, OFr. Diun(er),
dark, à un tel degré, to
such a degree (French)
orkäm [B orkamo],
darkness, gloom,
orkämnu, gloomy, dark
(Tocharian)
që(Albanian)
ilun, dark, obscure,
iluntasuna,
darkness, beldurra,
fear, to fear, iluna,
gloomy (Basque)
marwai, black, dark
colored, marwa, to
blacken, marwatr,
blackness, dakui,
darkness (Luvian)
to darken
[<OE
deorc], dark,
defile [<Fr.
défiler],
dishonour
[<Lat.
honoro-are, to
honour]
<timorous
tam, or tam,
[<Lat, timire, Script L35
to fear], fright
tamera, Script
[<OE fyrhto]
PN-2
dank {ME
uncomfortably tamirtam, Script
damp, chilly
L35
and wet], hazy tamera, Script
[Origin
PN-2
unknown,
marked by by
the presemce
of haze:
atmospheric
moisture, dust,
smoke and
vapor]
10-14
dnkui, dnkuai, black,
dark, dankuuahh,
danku(ua)nu,
dankuianu,
dnkuneske/a,
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dnku(a)nu, dnkuinu,
dnkuah, black, to make
black, dankues, dnkues,
to become black,
dnkudr, darkness,
marwai, to blacken,
neku, to get dark,
hanzanas, dankuis,
dark, nana(n)kussiie/a,
colored, ikiltu,
ikletu, iklu,
urruptu, darkness,
kukkû, darkness, a
name of the
underworld,
ullulu, obscure,
dark, tarku,
turruku, dark
colored, tirku,
dark spot, stroke,
hit, blow, etc.,
turku, dark spot,
uppû, adj.,
darkened, overcast,
urrupu, dark,
dusky (Akkadian)
nana(n)gus(ie/a), to
become dark,
obscure, gloomy,
nahsariie/a, to be afraid,
nahsarnu, to make
afraid, tamas, to torment,
weritema, fright, fear
uerite/uerit, werites,
werite/werit, frightened,
fear (Hittite)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Tanaquil,
Etruscan
Queen; an
expert in
divination,
wife of
Tarquin
Priscus " the
Elder, 5th king
of Rome
Thanchuilus,
Thanchoilos,
(THANK IL S),
Script A-1
10-15
x
·stara¸, rug,
carpet, Astara,
spread, couch,
carpet, cushion,
coverlet
x
farsh, #£$ carpet,
frshynh, %Ï‘ £$
tapestry, qâlice,
rug; qâli, fars
kardan, to
carpet (Persian)
TAPAE, ancient location x
in Dacia where the
dacians fought the
Romans
½
¾, dyvan, carpet,
ª ” ¾,
habielien, tapestry
(Belarusian)
tepih, carpet,
tapiserija, tapestry
(Croatian)
dywan, carpet,
gobelin, tapestry
(Polish)
pakl·js, carpet,
gobelÛns, tapestry
(Latvian)
x
Ý Ç‡, chali, carpet;
‹ —‰ –‡, tapiserí,
tapestry (Greek)
Þ Þ, gorg, carpet,
Þ Ù ³ •,
tapeta-ae
gobelen, tapestry
(Armenian) qilim,
carpet, sixhade,
tapestry
(Albanian)
x
Tapa, name?
Tapa, Script
XM-5
10-16
cairpéad, carpet, taipéis,
tapestry (Irish)
brat-*rlair, carpet, grèisbhrat, tapestry (Scott)
carped, carpet, tapestri,
tapestry, brycan
(brecan)-au, blanket, rug
(Welsh)
tappeto, carpet, arazzo,
tapppezzeria, tapestry
(Italian)
tapis, carpet, tapisserie,
tapestry (French)
tapestry [<Gk.
tapes, carpet],
carpet [<OItal.
carpita], rug
tapis, Script Q893
[<of Scan.
origin]
10-17
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, khalicha,
carpet,
,
gobeleni, tapestry
(Georgian)
mardat=uhuli,
carpet weaver
(Hurrian)
mardatu, carpet
(Akkadian)
covor, carpetâ, carpet,
tapiserie, tapestry
(Romanian)
matto, carpet,
kuvakudos, gobeliini,
tapestry (Finnish-Uralic)
tabahaza, air (Lycian)
prna, tapestry, textile
article (Hittite)
ashn+ [ashan], sky,
vaya [-], air,
atmosphere, vayu,
a Yazad presiding
over the
atmosphere
(Avestan)
v·yu¸, viha, air,
the sky, dyau¸,
heaven, megha¸,
cloud, nabhas,
cloud, mistabhra,
rain-cloud,
sky; AzA, space,
region, quarter of
the sky; aruna,
sky-god
âsemân, >@ sky,
behest, \^`¤
heaven, havâyi,
ð¢Ô | aerial, miq,
cloud; havâ, bâd,
vây, air (Persian)
, tsa, sky,
, zetsa,
heaven,
,
ghrubeli, cloud
(Georgian)
¾ , nieba, sky,
heaven, † ” Ñ ,
voblaka, cloud
(Belarusian)
eš}, sky (Urartian) niabiosy, nieba, sky
~avurni, ~avur=ni, (Belarus)
e•}, sky (Hurrian)
nebo, sky, raj, heaven,
oblak, cloud (Croatian)
niebo, sky, heaven,
ermu, sky, sheath,
Chmura, cloud (Polish)
ceiling, heaven,
debesis, sky, heaven,
cover, wrap, Anu,
m·konis, cloud
sky god, name of
(Latvian)
the highest god,
šam miš, adv., like cer, sky, heaven, nor,
the heavens, šamû, cloud (Romanian)
sky, heaven,
taivas, sky, heaven,
canopy, top part,
pilvi, cloud (Finnisherpetu, erpu, upû,
Uralic)
urpatu, urpu,
cloud, muš lû,
n du, cloud
formation, pitnu,
cloud formation,
chariot part, box,
chest, aduru,
cloudy, dalhu,
cloudy, confused,
blurred, etc., ašû,
cloudy, dark,
nalbašu , clouds,
fleece, fine cloak,
urp niš, like a
cloud , zikaru, a
cloud formation,
male, ram, etc.,
(Akkadian)
†•– óV, ouranós,
sky, heaven;
Uranus,
sky-god;
— –ʈ ‰ †V,
parádeisos,
heaven, aeras,
yfos, air, … ܆,
sýnnefo, cloud
(Greek)
±Ë• , yerkink’,
sky,
,
yerknk’its’,
heaven,
,
amp, cloud
(Armenian)
qiell, sky, heaven,
re, cloud
(Albanian)
hoedi, cloud,
zerura, zeru, sky,
heaven (Basque)
caelum-i, heaven,
sky, air, climate
spéir, sky, neamh, heaven,
scamall, cloud (Irish)
adhar, sky, nèamh,
heaven, Sgothach gu ìre,
cloud (Scott)
awyr , wybr-au, sky,
nefoedd, heaven, nwyfre,
firmament, sky; celi,
heaven, god, cwmwl,
cloud (Welsh)
cielo, sky, Paradiso,
heaven, nube, cloud
(Italian)
ciel, sky, paradis, heaven,
nuage, cloud (French)
sky [<ON sky,
cloud], air
tabahaza sky (Lycian)
[<Gk. aer],
heaven [<OE
heofan]
eppre i* heavenly,
10-18
cdelestial (Tocharian)
tapis? Script
Q893
kalem, J35-8
alp s, alba, cloud,
albarama, cloudiness,
sraur/sraun, stormy
clouds, nepis, (n pis),
#nepiš, nebis, sky,
heaven, (Hittite)
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gava, cow, bull
staora [-] beast,
draft animal, steer
(Avestan)
gâve,
ox,
bull, cow, nar, bull,
mâdegâv, cow,
(Persian)
, khari, bull,
,
ox,
dzrokha, cow
(Georgian)
pidari, bull, cow
(Hurrian)
v a , bull,
uk an, ox,
tavaga, strong,
huge (bull);
saurabheya, bull,
cow, go l , gav,
cow
abkigu, poetic
term for a cow,
š ru, bull,
gum u, a choice
bull, alû, bull as a
mythological
being, elû, bull of
heaven,
aladlammû, bull
colossus with a
human head,
r m niš, like a
wild bull, m ru,
young bull, rimu,
wild bull, pu ru,
a qualification of
bulls, ullu, a kind
of bull, alpu, bull
ox, alpu-a, bull
sacrifice, alap
ritti, hand ox, alap
šadê, mountain ox,
alap n ri, one yoke
ox, alap n ri, river
ox, alap mê, water
ox, ar u, m rtu,
cow, r mtu, wild
cow (Akkadian)
,
muž yna, bull,
€ ,
karova, cow, € •, vol,
ox (Belarusian)
muškarac, bull, krava,
cow, vol, ox (Croatian)
byk, bull, krowa, cow,
wóø, ox (Polish)
lanikis, bull
(Baltic-Sudovian)
bullis, bull, govs, cow,
v‚rsis, ox (Latvian)
TAUR, bull, vacƒ, cow,
bou, ox (Romanian)
sonni, bull, lehmä, cow,
härkä, ox (FinnishUralic)
„…†‡ ˆ, távros,
bull, …‰Š‹Œ•…,
ageláda, cow, Žó••,
vódi, bódi, ox
(Greek)
•‘“, ts’ul, bull,
•”, kov, cow,
taurus-i, bull,
• –—, sagy, ox
vacca-ae, cow
(Armenian)
dem, ox, bull, bulë,
bull, lopë, cow
(Albanian)
zezen, bull, idi, ox,
behi, cow
(Basque)
tarbh, bull, bó, cow,
damh, ox (Irish)
tarbh, bull, bò, cow,
damh, ox (Scott)
taw, tarw (teirw), bull,
buwch, cow, och, ox
(Welsh)
toro, bull, taurino
bull-like, mucca, cow,
bue, ox (Italian)
taureautaureau, bull,
vache, cow, bœuf, ox
(French)
opäs* (Uigh. buqa, ox)
[B okso], ox, kayur [B
kauur e], bull, [keu], ko,
cow, kowi [cf. B
kewiye], of a cow
(Tocharian)
wawa/uwa, cow (Lycian)
wawa/i, cow (Luvian)
tar, Script Z12,
Z145, M-1,
BS-10?
bull, [<ON
boli]
steer [<OE
steor], cow,
[<OE c˜],
ox, [<OE oxa]
10-19
Tarina, Script
N173, N184;
possibly ta rina,
"your queen",
see
Note (5)
wawa, a bull,
GU¢, kuau, cow,
kuauli, cow-like (Hittite)
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zam [-]zå, zem,
earth, field, ground
(Avestan)
mazrae,•Ÿ ¡£ field,
farm, zamin, ¤¥£¦
earth, ground
(Persian)
,
speroshi, field,
,
dedamits’a, earth,
,
adgilze, ground,
, reliepi,
terrain (Georgian)
q wr- , q™r- ,
qiura, qi(u)ra-,
qura, earth, land,
eban=i, eba=ni,
ebani, land
(Urartian)
kur, kawr-, §awrearth, land, earth,
place, eše, ômini,
land (Hurrian)
¨ •©, polie, field, ª« •«,
ziamlia, earth, ground,
«¬- € ¬-®,
miascovas¯, terrain
abbatu, earth,
(Belarusian)
kaqqaru, earth,
polje, field, Zemlja,
qaqqaru, ground,
earth, tlo, ground, teren,
soil, terrain,
terrain (Croatian)
k etram,
territory, plot of
agricultural field, land, location, area, pole, field, Ziemia,
p thiv™, earth,
earth, ground, teren,
earth, etc., arbu,
bh˜mi , ground, uncultivated field,
terrain (Polish)
bh˜tala›,
lauk , field, zeme, earth,
ganû, a field,
surface of the
ground, reljefs, terrain
ludû,
earth,
administrative
(Latvian) °ARIN±,
designation of a
camp, field, Pƒmânt,
field,
earth, sol, ground, teren,
tuppa urati, a
terrain (Romanian)
field, eqlu, field,
ala, field, maa, earth,
area, land, region,
ground, maasto, terrain
terrain, ilat eqli,
(Finnish-Uralic)
goddess of the
field, plants,
m reštu, field
broken up for
cultivation,
qerbetu, field,
district, environs,
pasture land, land,
kišubbû, fallow,
uncultivated field,
nabrarû, open
field, aršû, field
parcel, zu’uztu,
field established by
division, property
division, ripqu,
field broken up for
cultivation, etc.,
turbalû, fallow
field, eperu, loose
earth, dust, scales,
ore, mortar,
territory, soil, etc.,
ki ru, earth,
sacred place,
er etu, the earth (in
a cosmic sense),
(Akkadian)
²Š•³
²Š•³ , pedío, field,
‰´, gi, earth,
µ•…¶ ˆ, édafos,
ground, terrain
(Greek)
· ¸¹—, dashty,
field,
—,
yerkiry, earth,
– ¹
, getnin,
ground,
¹ º
•”,
teghank’ov, terrain
(Armenian)
fushë, field, tokë,
earth, terren,
ground (Albanian)
x
x
x
Gort, field, tír-raon,
terrain, talamh, earth
(Irish)
achadh, field, talamh,
earth, terrain (Scott)
maes, field, ddaear, earth,
tir, terrain (Welsh)
campo, field, terra, earth,
terreno, ground (Italian)
champ, Terre, earth,
terrain, ground (French)
x
ager, agri, land,
territory, as
cultivated, a field,
arvus-a-um,
ploughed land, a
field,
campus-i, a level
space, plain, field,
terra-ae, earth,
land, ground, soil
field, [<OE
tkam, TochB. kem, earth, feld], terrain
tka» k , the earth and [<Lat. terra,
earth], earth
atmosphere (Tocharian)
[<OE eorthe]
tiam(i), tgam, earth
(Luvian)
Tarina? Script
N173, N184; see
Note (5)
10-20
KI, earth, world,
t kan, tegan, tgn, earth,
tgantespa, goddess of
the earth, taskwara/i,
earth (Hittite)
Tarquini-orum, an
old town in
Etruria,
whence came the
x
the Tarquins, a
gens of the
early kings of
Rome that
Tarkie, Script
DL-10;
Tarkonos,
Tarkunus
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originated in
Etruria
Tarquin family,
including two
kings of Rome
10-21
(TARKVNVS),
Script DL-6; see
Note (4)
sâket, ¼½ ¾ silent,
ârâmes, âsâyes,
xâmusi, quiet;
ârâm, xâmus,
biârâmes, still, adj.
(Persian)
, chumad,
silent,
,
up’asukho,
unspoken
(Georgian)
maunin, silent,
tacit, tim,
timyati, to
become quiet; il
{ilati}, come,
{ilayati}, be
quiet, not budge;
rati, rest, repose,
quiet, comfort,
pleasure, sexual
intercourse; tus,
tusyati, to
become
quiet, satisfied,
pleased
dh rayati, to
owe, rnin, adj.,
indebted,
qajalu, adj.,
taciturn, pius,
attentive, eager,
q lu, silence, calm,
stupor,
q ltu,
silence, dead of
night, esû,
murrû, to be
silent, šu arruru?,
šuqammumu,
silent,
uqammumu, to
become still, fall
silent, subdued,
qâlu, to become
silent, stay quiet, to
listen, etc., qâliš,
adv., silently, in
silence, nu u,
adj., quiet, n u,
quiet, safe, calm,
secure,
undisturbed, slow,
n iš, adv., quietly,
gently, nâ u, to
quiet a child, calm
furor, rest, to pacify
a country, people,
etc., *sapu,
silence, to be silent,
to subdue,
šaqummu, silent,
quiet, secluded,
deserted, šiššu,
silence, quiet,
šaqummiš, in
silence,
consternation,
šaqummatu,
silence of
dejection, gloom
ša rartu, deathly
silence,
devestation
ten tu, quieting,
soothing
(Akkadian)
¿«¬À
,
biasšumny, silent,
Á ©-€ ª©,
Majecca na Ãvazie, tacit
(Belarusian) nijem,
silent, prešutan, tacit
(Croatian)
cichy, silent, milczÄcy,
tacit (Polish)
kluss, silent, klus‚jot,
tacit (Latvian)
tƒcut, silent,
TACI! be silent! tacit,
tacit (Romanian)
hiljainen, silent,
äänetön, tacit (FinnishUralic)
ª €È € -È-- ,
zavinavacicca, to owe
ŕƲ´‹óˆ, siopilós,
silent, ŕƲ´‡óˆ
siopiros, tacit
(Greek)
“•‘Ç, lurr, silent,
¹ • ¹,
tasit, tacit
(Armenian)
i heshtur, silent,
i pashprehur me
taceo-ere-itum
fjalë, tacit, qetësoj,
resht, to be quiet;
heshtje, qetësi,
quiet
(Albanian)
isilik, silent,
isiltasun, silence,
lasai, quiet, still
(Basque)
debeo-ere
É… §‡ÆÅ„Œˆ,
na chrostás, to owe -ui-itum; to owe
a bheith ciúin, to be
silent, taitneamhach, tacit
(Irish)
a bhith sàmhach, to be
silent, s an iar-, tacit
(Scott)
i fod yn dawel, to be
silent, distewi, to be
silent, calm, quiet;
tawedog, adj. silent,
taciturn, reticent (Welsh)
tacere, to be silent, to say
nothing, (Italian)
silencieux, silent, tacite,
adj. tacit (French)
thusia?, quiet, silent, to
keep silent (Luvian)
to be silent
[<Lat.| sileo
-ere -ui], still
[<OE still],
quiet [<Lat.
quietus -a-um] tas, Script Z1168,
Au32, XM-2
tacit, not
tasi, Script XM-6
spoken,
implied {<Lat.
tacitus, pp.
taceo]
10-22
karussiianu, kari(a)nu,
krinu/krianu,
to silence, krus(ie/a), to
be silent, krusiantili,
silently, quietly (Hittite)
atá dlite, to owe (Irish)
a dhìth, to owe (Scott)
to owe [<OE
ule] to carry
teb (TE8),
Script N95;
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bedehkâr budan,
to owe,
bedehi dâstan, to
owe (Persian)
kona, to owe
(Georgian)
obliged,. a
debtor; sarna,
adj., having,
debts, indebted;
rna, adj., guilty,
guilt, debt,
obligation,
rnadharay, to be
indebted to
, valis
ab lu, to owe,
acquire on credit,
to assume financial
obligation, borrow,
abullu, ubultu,
debt, obligation,
ubullu, debt,
obligation with
interest, interest,
ubbulu , debtor,
maškanu, debt,
pledge given as
security for debt,
stand of a pot,
agricultural
settlement, etc.,
rašû, to incur
debts, losses,
become angry,
obtain, to acquire
property, slaves,
take a wife, etc.
labirtu, debt
outstanding,
long standing
possession or
status, past times,
uddur ru,
remission of debts,
uššuru, to reliquish
control of debt,
captivity, slavery,
release, let loose,
allow, permit, etc.,
(Akkadian)
(Belarusian)
dugovati, to owe
(Croatian)
byc dluznym,
zawdzieczac, to owe
(Polish)
par d , to owe (Latvian)
a datora, to owe
(Romanian)
olla velkaa, to owe
(Finnish-Uralic)
(Greek)
,
partk’ov verts’nel,
to owe (Armenian)
për borxh, to owe
(Albanian)
zor izan, to owe,
zor, debt (Basque)
deveho-veherevexi-vectum, to
carry away or
down; pass.
devehi (ac. navi)
to sail
nikañte [ni-kan],
to bury; daxma [-],
grave (Avestan)
dafn kardan,
to bury, puses,
pusândan, pusidan,
dhvan, to cover;
to cover; bexâk
khan, khanati,
sepordan, to bury
-te, to dig, dig up, (Persian)
delve, bury; dha, be-dap, bury,
dadhati, dhatte;
(Yagnobian)
dadhati, -te,to
put, set, lay, think
of, cause, bear,
set upon (esp. the
,
fire), hide,
damarkhva, to
conceal, cover,
bury,
,
cause to be laid
daparva, to cover
in, shut up
(Georgian)
, zakapa€, to
bury, •‚ƒ
„… ƒ,
dlia pakryccia, to cover
(Belarusian)
pokopati, to bury,
pochowac, pokriti, to
cover (Croatian)
pochowa€, to bury, na
pokrycie, to cover
(Polish)
aprakt, to bury, piesegt,
to cover (Latvian)
enkapt, to bury
(Baltic-Sudovian)
a îngropa, to bury, a
acoperi, to cover
(Romanian)
haudata, to bury,
er mu, kašû, to
peittää, to cover
cover, lab šu, to
(Finnish-Uralic)
cover a person with
a cloth, to cover a
building, an object
with bricks, etc.,
ubbu u, adj.,
thabo, to bury;
kalypto, kalypsi,
to cover, †‡
ˆ‡‰Š‹Œ, na
kalýpso, to cover
(Greek)
• Ž , t’aghel, to
bury, • •• ,
tsatskel, to cover
(Armenian)
për të varrosur, to
bury, për të
mbuluar, to cover
(Albanian)
lurperatu, ehortzi,
to bury, estali, to
cover (Basque )
tego, tegere, texi,
tectum, to cover,
bury fossa-ae,
ditch, trench,
channel;
decoro-are, to
embellish,
beautify, adorn;
tectorius i-um,
plaster, stucco,
fresco,
i ddyledus, to owe
dyled -ion, debt,
obligation, debit, duty
(Welsh)
dovere, to owe (Italian)
devoir, to owe (French)
a adhlacadh, to bury, chun
clúdach, to cover (Irish)
gus adhlacadh, to bury, gu
còmhdach, to cover
(Scott)
i gladdu, to bury, i
gwmpasu, to cover
(Welsh)
teagair, va. collect,
supply, cover,
protect, shelter;
teagar, provision;
teagaisg, va. to
teach, instruct;
teagasgair, teacher (Scott)
seppellire, to bury,
coprire, to cover,
(Italian)
enterrer, to bury;
couvrir, to cover;
(French)
away or down,
indebt
[<Lat.debitum,
debt, debere,
to owe]
10-23
to cover [<Lat.
cooperire, to
cover
completely],
to bury [<OE
brygan], to
conceal, to
mask [<Ital.
maschera], to
shield, protect;
tebe (TE8E),
Script
N139, Q224
tebra (TE8RA),
Script Q500,
R474;
tevre (TE8RE),
Script N638;
tebri (TE8RI),
Script
N676
tec, Script Z111,
Z122, Z214,
TC266
tek, Script XB-15
THeK (‘eK),
Script M74,
THeKSI
(‘eKSI), Script
S-1
tece, Script AL-8,
10-24
ep-, [B aip-], cover,
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enveloped,
covered, kat mu,
to cover with
garments, cover
with earth, dust,
sand, conceal, etc.,
esû, to cover up,
hide, qeb ru, to
cover up, bury the
dead, hide, roll up
in a cloth, etc.,
ermu, cover, wrap
sheath, heaven,
sky, ceiling,
* al lu, adj.,
covered, tem ru,
to bury, to conceal,
to be sunken, to be
buried, timru,
burying?, embers?,
(Akkadian)
x
x
el , under cover, to hide
(Tocharian)
ije-, to bury, cover, to
(Lycian)
palahsae, palahsiie/a,
plahs(ie/a)/plahsae, to
cover, krie/a, kariie/a,
cover, to hide, to cover
something, tekan,
takama, ground
(Hittite)
x
gypsos,
asbestono,
sobatizo, plaster
(Greek)
decuria-ae, a body
of ten men, jurors;
x
tectorius-a-um,
plaster, stucco
arayesh, –—˜™ to
decorate pirâstan,
to adorn (Persian)
ala“-karoti,
bh”•ayati, to
adorn,
pras dhayati, to
decorate, adorn,
zubhay,
zubhayati, to
adorn; mand,
mandayati, to
deck, adorn,
embellish,
glorify; rc, arcati,
to beam, shine,
sing, praise,
honour, adorn
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•‚ƒ š „…›œ•ž ŸŸƒ,
dlia pryho¡vannia, to
adorn, decorate
(Belarusian)
ukrasiti, to adorn,
decorate (Croatian)
ozdobi€, to adorn, do
dekoracji, to decorate
kullulu, to adorn,
to crown, to veil, to (Polish)
izgreznot, to adorn,
cover (the head or
face) with the
dekor¢t, to decorate
cloth, zinn tu, to
(Latvian)
decorate, el u, to pentru a împodobi, to
decorate, sprinkle, adorn, a decora, to
arkabu, nimša u,
a decoration, kiplu, decorate (Romanian)
a decoration, a log, koristella, to adorn,
decorate (Finnisha part of the body,
p ku, a decoration Uralic)
or ornament, lalû,
sumptious
decoration,
desirability,
happiness, luxury
objects, charm of a
woman, etc.,
piššu, decorative
item, puttu,
decorative object or
,
mortuli, to adorn,
,
daamshvenebs, to
decorate
(Georgian)
†‡ ˆœ£¤œŠ†, na
kosmoún, to adorn,
†‡ ¥¦‡ˆœ£¤§£Œ,
na diakosmíso, to
decorate (Greek)
¨ ©
,
zardarel, to adorn,
decorate,
decoro-are, adorn
(Armenian)
;
për të zbukuruar,
to adorn, për të
dekoruar, to
decorate
(Albanian)
name, Tekeias
Tekories?
10-25
Tekeias, Script
Q-1
Tekories
(TEKVRIES)
Script Q-2 name:
Tekeias Tekories;
part of
introductory
phrase beginning
with semenies..
a mhaisiú, to adorn, a
mhaisiú, to decorate
(Irish)
a ghiùlan, to adorn, airson
sgeadachadh, to decorate
(Scott)
i addurno, to adorn,
decorate (Welsh)
adornare, to adorn,
decorare, to decorate;
(Italian)
orner, to adorn décorer, to
decorate (French)
unu, unuuae, adorn, to
decorate, to lay the table,
unuasha, unasha,
adornment, decoration
(Hittite)
to embellish
[<OFr.
embellir],
adorn [<Lat.
adorno-are]
tecum (TECVM),
Script Z1615,
Au13; see Note
(1)
10-26
apaintzeko,
decorate, apaindu,
to decorate
(Basque)
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ornament, širgû,
ullu u, adj.,
adorned, tabnitu,
decoration, a type
of offering, z nu,
to decorate, to stud
with precious
stones, to overlay,
to plate with
precious metal,
embellish, etc.,
zu’untu,
adornment,
decoration,
adorned,
decorated, beautiful
person, zu’unu,
adorned, decorated,
beautiful person
(Akkadian)
dasa [dasan] ten
(Avestan)
dah, « ten (Persian)
, ati, ten
(Georgian)
daªa, ten
hvayate, to
defy, challenge,
AdhRSe, to
attack
or defy; dhRS,
dhRSNoti,
dharSati, to be
bold, dare or
venture, defy,
attack, injure,
violate, conquer
iisha divi, in
• ¬-ƒ , dziesia€, ten
(Belarusian)
eman, ten (Urartian)
eman, ten (Hurrian) deset, ten (Croatian)
deset, ten (SerboCroation)
ešir, number ten,
ušur , ten each,
dziesi®€, ten (Polish)
ušurtu, unit of ten, desmit, ten (Latvian)
ešr šu, ten times,
ZECE, ten (Romanian)
eširtu, group of ten kymmenen, ten
persons, eširtu,
(Finnish-Uralic)
foreman of a group
of ten men, (nubi,
Hurrian word),
rabbatu, ribbatu,
ten thousand,
10,000 (Akkadian)
¥¯ˆ‡, déka, ten
(Greek)
°±, tasy, ten
(Armenian)
dhjetë, ten
(Albanian)
ten [<OE tien]
10-27
tecum
(TECVM)?
Script Z1615,
Au13
tikam (ticham)?
R286
s'äk, s'ek, ten
(Tocharian)
nafarmany, ³² ´ ²
to defy, disobey,
etc., mobâreze xâhi;
bejang xândan,
sârânidan, to
µŸ¶ ž… ‚µ ,
challenge (Persian) kinu€ vyklik, to defy
(Belarusian)
, prkositi, to defy
(Croatian)
ugulebelq’opa, to
przeciwstawiac, to defy
defy (Georgian)
(Polish)
izaicin t, to defy
(Latvian)
*mâzu,to refuse?
nak ru, to refuse a a sfida, to defy
request, expel evil, (Romanian)
become an enemy, vastustaa, to defy
speak falsehood,
(Finnish-Uralic)
etc., *mâ’u, to
refuse, to want, to
be willing,
unwilling
(Akkadian)
†‡ ‡‹·¸œŠ†, na
apsifoún, to defy
(Greek)
•
, t’alanel,
to defy
(Armenian)për të
sfiduar, to defy
(Albanian)
daêum [daêva],
»¼Š½, Zeús, god of
ºœ›, boh, god, º ›µŸƒ,
decem
deich, ten (Irish)
deich, ten;
deicheamh, tenth
(Scott)
dek, ten (Breton)
deg-au, ten (Welsh)
dieci, ten (Italian)
dix, ten (French)
provoco-are
a dhiúltú, to defy (Irish)
a dhìon, to defy (Scott)
i ddifetha, to defy,
beiddio, to dare,
presume, defy (Welsh)
sfidare, to defy (Italian)
défier, to defy, dare,
challenge, (French)
to defy [<OFr.
desfier],
challenge,
dare [<OE
durran]
10-28
mimma/mimm, mima,
mim, to refuse (Hittite)
deus, divus,
dia, god, bandia, goddess
god [<OE
teu (TEF) Script
AN20; re:
deviv (OE, Script
K136
(probably revio ¹
(L. reveho
-vehere -vexivectum) ride
back, sail back¹
the last three
words of K136)
tei, Script
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god, devil
daêvi [daêvî],
female daêva
ahura, ahura
mazdâ [-]
(Avestan)
(Irish)
dia, god, ban-dia, goddess
(Scott)
doue, god (Breton)
celi, heaven, god;
duw-iau, god, diety
dofydd; dduwies-au,
goddess, nymph (Welsh)
dio, god; dea, goddess;
(Italian)
dieu, dieux, pl. god;
deesse, goddesses
(French)
Chodâ, ¾ ¿ god,
Izad, Parvardegâr,
God (Persian)
, ghmerti,
god,
,
kalghmerti,
goddess,
, Devi, lesser
demons,
,
Armaz, chief god
(Georgian)
divi, a god, divNali,
divine, ciw, (tsiw) god
(Lydian)
¢ni-, god (Hurrian)
(Georgian)
abu, god's title, i.e.
abu Enlil, U.I,
heaven divya
devaaya, divine
deva, devaM,
God
devataa, devi,
goddess; Bhaga,
among the dieties
of the highest
sphere;
sometimes
another
expression of god
in the Rig Veda,
asvins, the ten
horsemen
aja’ tu, ajûtu,
goddess's function,
enlillu, supreme
god, enlill tu,
supremen godhead,
digirû, elu,
maš u, n bu, god,
dingiruggû, dead
god, an tu, god
function, rank of
the highest god,
ilu, god, deity, the
god, protective
deity, evil spirit,
image of a deity,
etc., illilu, god of
the highest rank,
Anu, sky god,
name of the highest
god, Lisik tu, a
group of gods,
lisakkû, a group of
gods or demons,
ištaru, personal
protective goddess,
eštaru, durdû,
eltu, arka tu,
aštaru, *innintu,
iÀtartu, eltu,
goddess, am lû,
amaluktu,
amal tu, a term
for goddess, iltu,
goddess, female
deity (Akkadian)
anghu, earth
(Avestan)
zamin, xâk, earth,
pÉthivÊ, acal , the
soil (Persian)
earthearth,
bahinia, goddess
(Belarusian)
bog, god, Bo¡ica,
goddess (Croatian)
bog, god bogina,
goddess (SerboCroatian)
bog, god, bogini,
goddess, god
(Polish)
deivas, God,
father of light
(Baltic-Sudovian)
dievs, god, dieviete,
goddess (Latvian)
dumnezeu, god, ZEU,
god, zeiÁÂ, goddess
(Romanian)
Jumala, god, jumalatar,
goddess (FinnishUralic)
ƒË‚ƒ,
ziamlia, earth,
̜ , topka, hrarth,
Ì
µ -Ì Ÿœ , tkacki
thunder and sky,
üó½, theós, god,
üÄ, theá, goddess
(Greek)
Å°
•,
Astvats, god,
°
• ÆÇÈ,
astvatsuhi,
goddess,
zbali, a deity,
zusi, Zeus, maha(na)-,
god, *Qele/i, god of
grain Lycian)
numen divinum,
di [dii], divi,
numina;
caelestes, supers,
dea, diva
(Armenian)
zot, god,
perëndesh,
goddess,
(Albanian)
Í·, gi, earth, ¼£Îχ,
estía, Hestia,
hearth, hearth
goddess, ÐÑÒ‡,
tiuna, god (Palaic)
god], goddess,
marwai, dark diety
(Luvian)
10-29
teo, teu (TEV)
Script L33, CP28
tev (TEF) Script
AN20
teus, (TEFS)
Script AN-25
See also:
Tin. Tini, Tinia,
Etr., Zeus, (Gk.),
Jupiter (Lat.)-Tin, Tini below'
see Note (10)
DINGIR, god, siwali, a
diety, siu/siuna, sius,
siun, siuanant, a god,
siuniadr/siunian, statue
of a diety, Markuwaia,
dark dieties (Hittite)
tellus-oris, earth;
tela-ae, a web in
weaving, a warp,
a spider's web, a
talamh, earth, teallaigh,
hearth, cariad, loom
(Irish)
talamh, earth, teallach,
Z1326, Z1562,
Z1853, Z1869,
TC170, N453,
Q50, Q422,
R459, K20,
Aph-4, OM-8,
L20, K18, XA-11
thei (‘EI), Script
DA-6
teia, Script XJ-9
teiva, (TEIFA),
Script PL-30
teis, Script
Z1243, K23,
K118, M19,
Z1265, BT-9
teim, Script
Z1265
(probably teis)
earth [<OE
eorthe], soil
[<Lat. solium
-i, a chair of
tel, Script TC170
telos, telus
(TELVS),
Script N123
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hearth, fireplace, smith's
forge, bòidheach, loom
(Scott)
daear-oedd, earth, ground,
soil, mold;11 llawr
(lloriau), floor, ground,
earth, cartref,
aelwyd-ydd, hearth,
fireside, home (Welsh)
focolare, hearth, tela,
linen, cloth, telaio, loom;
terra, earth, ground, soil
(Italian)
foyer, hearth, fireplace;
tel, telle, adj. such, like
similar; pron. such a one;
terre, earth, ground
(French)
,
dedamits’a, earth,
,
janmrteloba,
hearth,
,
ik’veteba, loom
(Georgian)
qi(u)ra-, qÖwr- ,
qÊr- , earth
(Urartian)
agnikuÓÔam,
culliÕ, hearth,
tantram, loom,
kInAra, m.,
cultivator
of the soil'
akRSTa,
untilled soil;
devaloka, the
world of the
gods; talaloka,
the nether
world; ASTrI,
fireplace, hearth;
kSam, the earth;
bhUr, earth
stanok, loom
(Belarusian)
Zemlja, earth, ognjiÀte,
hearth, razboj, loom
eÀe, earth, place,
(Croatian)
zemilja, earth (Serbokawr-, ×awr-, earth,
Croatian)
land (Hurrian)
Ziemia, earth, ognisko,
hearth, warsztat tkacki,
loom (Polish)
zeme, earth, karsts,
hearth, stelles, loom
akaju, loom
(Latvian)
utinsel, donkey
PÂmânt, earth, DEAL,
goad, kaqqaru,
hill, vatrÂ, hearth, ØarÂ,
abbatu, earth,
country, rÂzboi de Áesut,
qaqqaru, ground,
loom, ÙOL, warp,
soil, terrain,
loom (Romanian)
territory, plot of
land, location, area, maa, earth, tulisija,
earth, etc., ritu, hearth, kangaspuut,
mud, silt, a bread,
loom (Finnish-Uralic)
eperu, loose earth,
dust, scales, ore,
mortar, territory,
soil, etc., ki ru,
earth, sacred place,
er etu, the earth (in
a cosmic
sense),Akkadian)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Chóra, country,
‡Ò͇‰¼¦ó½,
argaleiós, loom,
•È ±, yerkiry,
earth,
ÚÛ Ü, ojakh,
hearth,
Ý Þ°
,
Hangstats’ek’,
loom (Armenian)
tokë, earth, vatër,
hearth, tezgjah,
loom Albanian)
telieotis, finisher
(Greek)
loom; telum-i, a
missile, dart,
javelin, spear,
beam of light,
focus-i,
fireplace, hearth;
terra-ae, earth,
land, soil, country
tkaß k ª, earth and
atmosphere (Tocharian)
state, throne],
land [<OE
land], a
country
[<LLat.
contrata],
the world
[<OE
weorold],
ground,
tiam(i),tgam, earth
(Luvian)
tekan, tegan, tgn,
takama, ground, GUNNI,
hasnit, hearth, tgantespa, 10-30
goddess of the earth,
KUR, KUR, KUR,
land, territory, (Hittite)
x
x
Telatos, name? telatos
(TELETVS)
10-31
Script XB-28
x
x
Telamonos,
Greek hero wh
accompanied
Jason and the
Argonauts,
father of Ajax
༉‡¤Ñ†,
Telamon
Telmonos
(TELMVNVS),
Script CN-2,
"Ajax Telmvnvs"
(EIFAS
TELMVNVS)
10-32a
ya•ãiÕ, a long
staff, stick,
yugamdhara,
the pole of a
carriage; k”paÕ,
mast, apac y, to
fear, respect,
honor, daÓÔaÕ,
staff, stick
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œ‚ï-, polius, pole,
Ë ðÌ , maôta, mast
(Belarusian)
Ghotb, åæç pole,
pol, pole, jarbol,
Tir, tir, nây, pole,
katarka, mast (Croatian)
deki, è mast, pole, biegun, pole, maszt,
spar, tree (Persian)
mast
d.ang, pole, stick
strach, fear (Polish)
(Pashto)
polis pole, stabs, pole,
dangal, pole, stick
column, stake, etc.,
õ󉜽, polos,
pole, ˆ‡ÎÄÒΦ,
katárti, mast,
¸óöœ½, phobos,
fear (Greek)
÷ Ž, dzogh, pole,
ø ° , mast, mast
(Armenian)
timon, wheel,
shtyllë, pol, pole,
temo-onis, pole;
m lus-i, mast,
pole, timere, to
fear
cuaille, pole, crann, mast,
Mid. Ir. maide (Irish)
pole, pole, crann, mast
(Scott)
cledr-au, pole, post, pile,
rail, palm; pawl, polion,
pole, stake, pile; polynpolion, pole, picket,
trostan-au, pole, mast,
mastiau, mast (Welsh)
pole [<Gk.,
palus, stake]
the pole of a
waggon, mast,
[<OE m ûst]
10-32
tema (K96)
TeMIA, Script
Au-3, Au-90
(probably Te
MIA, your month
of May or Mia,
mother of
Mercury
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(Yagnobian)
, bodzze,
pole,
, andza,
mast (Georgian)
mudulu, muttû,
pole, gazim nu,
mullû?, a pole,
multaškinu,
muštaptinnu, a
pole or lath,
ma rû, pole or
stick, maš addu,
pole, an official,
nardappu,
mooring pole,
noose, bridle,
ma rû, nappa u,
pole, stick, a u,
stick, scepter, staff,
branch, twig, shelf,
irru, stake, peg,
gimuaššu,
nam a tu?,
nam a u?, punting
pole, panantu,
pole, stave, martû,
pole, stick, a tree
and its wood, tallu,
pole, crossbeam,
crosspiece,
diameter,
transversal dividing
line, part of the
exta, timmu, pole,
stake, column,
zarû, pole of a
vehicle or part
thereof (Akkadian)
bhR, bibharti,
hold, wear, carry,
keep, convey,
transport,
maintain,
support; tan,
tanoti, tanute,
last, continue,
protract,compose,
make; dh rayati,
dharati, -te,
dhArayati, -te,
dar- geredhmahi
[garedh], to hold,
upa-bara [upa-bar]
to bring, carry
(Avestan)
negâh dastan, ÿ!²
#$¾ to hold, dârâ
budan, pâydâr
budan, to hold
(Persian)
,
gamartavs, to hold
(Georgian)
to hold, support,
bear, carry on,
possess
na%-,carry away, sit
down (Urartian)
k rts, card, pole,
pasteboard, masta, mast,
suit, miets, picket, pole,
stake, staff, post
(Latvian)
pol, pole, catarg, mast,
stick, topmast, ghindÂ,
acorn, mast, clubs,
TEAMü, fear
(Romanian)
napa, pole, masto, mast,
tower, spar, salko, pole,
mast, pelko, fear
(Finnish-Uralic)
„ ž¬- µ,
praviesci, to hold
(Belarusian)
trymac, v. imp. to hold
(Belarus)
drska, posess, to hold
(Serbo-Croatian)
polo, pole, timone, helm,
rudder, pole of a cart,
albero, mast, tree, shaft,
alberoalberotema,
timore, fear, to fear
(Italian)
pþle, pole, timon, shaft,
pole of a cart, mât, mast,
pole, standard, staff,
craindre, redouter, to fear
(French)
shtizë, spear, direk,
mast, spar
(Albanian)
adar, branch, horn,
langileak, staff,
ardatz, shaft, axle,
axis, makila, stick,
club, zutoin, pole,
masta, mast, haga,
stick, bar, maza,
mace (Basque)
†‡ ˆÒ‡Î§£Œ, na
kratíso, to hold,
katecho, hold;
dr¡ati, to hold (Croatian) (Greek)
Ç , pahel, to
trzymac, to hold,
hold (Armenian)
posiadac, possess
te mbash, to hold,
(Polish)
tur¢t, to hold (Latvian)
posedoj, to hold,
possess (Albanian)
a tine, to hold, ÙIN, I
hold; ÙINE, he/she
holds; T&NüR, young
male; T&NüRü, young
female (Romanian)
hisa, pole, carriage pole
(Hittite)
a shealbhú, to hold (Irish)
a chumail, to hold, beir,
va.irr. beirsinn,
take hold of, bring,
produce (Scott)
i ddal, to hold, cadw, to
keep, preserve, save,
hold, conserve, guard,
detain, retain, observe
(Welsh)
tenere, to hold (Italian)
tenir, to hold (French)
teneo,tenere,
tenui, tentum,
possideo
sidere- sedi
-sessum, to have,
possess, hold
to hold [<OE
healdan],
possess, keep
[<OE cepan,
to observe],
preserve, seize
[<OFr. seisir],
occupy [<Lat.
occupo-are],
entsa- [B e+k-], take for
bring [<OE
oneself (Tocharian)
bringan]; take
ta, to take, hrtka, to bear,
[ON taka]
harzi, har(k) to hold,
deal [<OE
keep, katta d ->, to take,
dûlan]
capture (Hittite)
10-33
ten, Script TC46,
F-3
tena, Script
Z1553, Q671,
L49
tene, Script
K104;
tenin, Script
AL-8
teno (TENV),
Script Q893;
TENeR, Script
TC-7, TC19,
TC46,
BS-18
tenara, Script
BT30
TENeRAS, Script
VP-15
na ru, to hold,a
city or country, to
serve, to keep safe,
to stand guard, etc.,
ab tu, to hold, to
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manipulate a tool,
apparatus, to
apprehend, catch, a
person, to seize a
person, to provide
someone with food,
etc., gam ru, hold
together, give in
full, to use one's
full strength
(Akkadian)
a city or
ghanaÕ, dense,
mahant, great,
big, large, tall,
extensive, many,
intensive, thick,
dense, abundant,
high, noble,
greatness, might;
bahala, adj.,
thick, dense,
wide, large
taptR, adj.,
making hot or
warm; tap, tapati,
to be warm or
hot, burn; shine,
castigate one's
self, do penance,
suffer
cagâli, = !@ dense,
anbuhi, tarâkom,
density (Persian)
,
mk’vrivi, dense
garm, | } warm,
xungarm, girâ, adj.
warm (Persian)
, tbili,
warm (Georgian)
ar u, to keep
warm, to be angry,
to become angry, to
be excitable, to be
feverish, to become
feverish, to scorch,
to be hot,become
hot, to heat
(Akkadian)
\ð…‚ Ÿ…,
Àôy^ny, dense
(Belarusian)
gust, dense (Croatian)
g®sty, dense (Polish)
blÊvs, dense (Latvian)
dens, dense (Romanian)
tiheä, dense (FinnishUralic)
~ ‚¬Ÿ µ,
cioplie•ki, tepid
(Belarusian)
mlak, tepid (Croatian)
chøodny, tepid (Polish)
teps, tepid (Latvian)
încropit, tepid, c ldu ,
lukewarm, tepid
(Romanian)
haalea, tepid (FinnishUralic)
, treci, third,
, troj y, thrice,
, try, three
tris, trikrtvas,
(Belarusian)
adv., thrice, three
tre i, third, triput, thrice,
times; trtIya, adj.,
thrishum [thrishva], tri, three (Croatian)
the third; adv.,
trzeci, third, trzykrotnie,
third (Avestan)
thirdly, for the
thrice, trzy, three
sebarâbar, selâ,
third time,
(Polish)
segâne, threefold,
tirtas, third
(Baltic-Sudovian)
t t ya , third,
trešais, third, tr s reizes,
sevvom,
third,
thrice, tr s, three
se, three
(Latvian)
(Persian)
al treilea, third, de trei
trayas, three
ori, thrice, TREI, three
(Romanian)
kolmas, third, kolmasti,
âthritîm
[âthritya] thrish,
thrice, thrâyô [thri]
three, tishrô [thri]
`{ˆ†ó½, pyknós,
dense pyknotita,
density (Greek)
ÜÈ , khit, dense
(Armenian)
i dendur, dense
(Albanian)
óV, chliarós,
tepid, lukewarm,
thermos,
thermaino, warm
(Greek)
,
gagat’in, tepid,
lukewarm
(Armenian)
i vakët, tepid,
lukewarm
(Albanian)
tensa-ae; a car to
carry the gods;
denso-are, and
denseo-ere, to
make thick,
condense,
press together
tepeo-ere, to be
warm or luke
warm
dlúth, dense (Irish)
dlùth, dense (Scott)
dwys-ion, adj. dense,
grave, deep, intense
trwchus, adj. thick
(Welsh)
denso, adj. thick,
densita, density,
thickness (Italian)
dense, adj. thick;
densité, density,
denseness,
compactness, fullness,
substance (French)
te, warm (Irish)
blàth, warm (Scott)
di-oer, adj. warm;
twym, adj. warm, hot,
sultry; gwresog, adj.
warm, hot, fervent, fervid,
ardent (Welsh)
tiepido, adj. luke warm;
tepore, warmth, caldo,
hot, warm (Italian)
tiède, chaud, adj. warm
(French)
a car on which
images of the
gods were
carried; dense,
density7
tens, or tensitim
Script N53,
PQ-16
then (‘EN),
Script, PQW-16
10-34
warm [<OE
wearm]? an
initial,
TP, like CN?
tepid, [<Lat.
tepere, to be
lukewarm)
TeP, Script L71
10-35
nz, warm (Hittite)
€ V, trítos, third,
•€V ‚ ƒV, treís
forés, third, € ,
tría, three (Greek)
„……†…‡ˆ,
yerrordy, third,
„…„‰
Š,
yerek’ angam,
thrice, „…„‰ˆ,
yerek’y, three
(Armenian)
i tretë, third, tri
herë, thrice, tre,
three (Albanian)
hirugarren, third,
hiru bider, thrice,
hiru, three
ter, three
tertius-a-um,
third; acc. n. sing.
tertium, for the
third time;
abl. tertio
trí uair, three times, tri,
three, tríú, third (Irish)
an treas, third, trì uairean,
thrice, tri, three (Scott)
trydydd (trydedd), adj.
third; tri (tair), three
(Welsh)
terzo, third, tre volte,
three times, tre, three
(Italian)
troisième, third, trois fois,
three times, trois, three
(French)
ter, Script Q311,
R49, R619 see
numbers:
three times,
thrice [<OE
thriga]
third
10-36
terti, Script
Z1600
Z1644, Q551
tertie (or TER
TIE), Script Q127
terto (TERT‹),
Script Q871;
see numbers
trisu, thrice,
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, mesame,
third,
,
samjer, thrice,
, sami, three
(Georgian)
trisnne, three-year-old?
trppeme, threefold?
(Lycian)
trisu, thrice (Mylian)
kig(a), kg(e), three
(Hurian, Urartian)
trisu, three times
(Luvian)
šal š š, threetimes, into three,
for the third time,
šal šiju, third,
šalšu, *šulšu,
šullultu, šušš n,
one third,
šaluštam, third
time, šal šu, to do
for the third time,
šalšiš, adv., thirdly,
šullušiš, in three
parts, šullušu,
threefold, tripled,
worked for a third
time (Akkadian)
t ries, three,
thrice, kolme, three
(Finnish-Uralic)
(Basque)
triankis, thrice,
triple, trpple, three
times, tri, three (Hittite)
zam [-]zå, zem,
earth, land, ground,
dah'yunã [dah'yu];
anghu, earth
(Avestan)
—˜™›˜, ziamlia, earth,
land, œ •ž, brud, dirt
(Belarusian)
zamin, •Ž•• earth,
land, khâk, ‘“” soil ziamla, earth (Belarus)
Zemlja, earth, zemljište,
dharani avanim,
(Persian)
land prljavština, dirt,
earth; rup, the
,
gips, plaster (Croatian)
earth; ku, earth,
dedamits’a, earth,
soil, land; katt,
, mits’a, land, zemilja, earth (Serbokattayati, to heap ground,
, Croatian)
Ziemia, earth,
up the earth
niadagi, soil,
wylŸdowa , land, brud,
about, make a
,
dirt, gips, plaster
hill; ksam, the
ch’uch’q’iani, dirt
(Polish)
earth; bhur, earth, (Georgian)
p thiv , earth,
zeme, earth (Balticglobe, deŒa ,
Lithuanian)
tract of land,
zeme, earth, land,
qi(u)ra-, q•wr-–,
halyam, arable
net rumi, dirt,
q r-– earth, land
land
Urartian)
apmetums, plaster
(Latvian)
P mânt, earth, murd rie,
dirt, teren, land, ghips,
eše, earth, place,
plaster (Romanian)
maa, earth, land, lika,
kur, kawr-, awrdirt, kipsi, plaster
(Finnish-Uralic)
earth, land, ômini,
land (Hurrian)
kaqqaru, earth,
isru, territory,
frontier, eperu,
territory, scales,
earth, debris, dust,
ore, area volume,
etc , ritu, mud,
silt, a bread, mi ru,
territory, border,
region, land,
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¡, gi, earth,
¢£ , choma,
earth, soil, dirt,
ground, ¤¥ V,
gýpsos, plaster
(Greek)
„…¦ …ˆ, yerkiry,
earth, §†¨ˆ,
hoghy, land,
¦„¨©ˆ, keghty,
dirt, ª«, gips,
plaster (Armenian)
tokë, earth, land, i
poshtër, dirt, suva,
plaster (Albanian)
lurra, earth, lur,
land, earth, soil,
igeltsuzko, plaster
(Basque)
terra-ae, earth
talamh, earth, land,
plástar, plaster (Irish)
talamh, earth, fearann,
land, plastair, plaster
(Scott)
ddaear-oedd, earth,
ground, soil, mold, tir,
land, llawr (lloriau),
floor, ground, earth;
uzzle, plastr, plaster
(Welsh)
terra, earth, land, dirt,
gesso, plaster (Italian)
terre, earth, land, terrer, to
earth up, to clay, to
earth, [<OE
burrow, dig in, plâtre,
eorthe] and,
plaster (French)
ground [<OE
grund], soil,
country, land
region; burrow
[<ME borow],
tkam, B. kem, earth
floor, OE fl
(Tocharian)
¬r]
tiam(i)t, tgam, earth
(Luvian)
t kan, takama,
tera, Script N349,
N357, N363
teri, Script Z1216
terim, Script
Q806
See also:
aker, Script
N173,
N435; S-18
10-37
akro (AKR‹)
See also, 1-32, Script
R65
land
akrare, akrara,
CAB-2?
tegan, tgn ground,
tgantespa, earth
goddess, KI, earth,
world, utn ->, udne/udni,
land, country, KUR,
KUR KUR, land,
territory, purut>,
porut, soil, earth, mud,
plaster (Hittite)
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march, qaqqaru,
territory, terrain,
soil, ground, area,
the earth,
netherworld, floor,
etc., ta mu,
territory, boundary
border, etc.,
tamirtu, a type of
irrigated land,
environs,
surrounding
territory, etc,.
(Akkadian)
teorainn, boundary, limit
(Irish)
crìochan, boundary,
crìoch, limit (Scott)
ffin-iau, terfyn-au,
boundary, limit,
barrier, border, bound,
frontier, terfyn, limit
(Welsh)
termine, term, limite,
limit, confine, boundary;
fine, end (Italian)
term, term, limit;
terminus, last stop, fin,
end (French)
hadomarz, marz,
boundary,
karân, limit, pâyân,
®“¯“° end (Persian)
,
sazghvari,
boundary,
, zghvari,
limit,
,
dasasruli, end
(Georgian)
s m–, sIma,
boundary, limit;
avadhi , limit,
lak-yam, end,
limit, maryada,
limit, boundary,
frontier, coast,
shore; vela,
end-point, limit,
boundary, shore
™˜±², mia³a, boundary,
limit, ´²µ¶ , kaniec, end
(Belarusian)
granica, boundary,
ograni iti, limit, kraj,
end (Croatian)
ahull , beyond, on granica, boundary, limit,
the other shore or
limit, koniec, end
bank, pal ku, to
draw boundaries, to (Polish)
robe³a, boundary,
delimit, divide,
ierobe³ojums,
pilku, boundary,
limit, beigas, end
border, district,
boundary stone,
(Latvian)
pulukku, boundary limite, boundary,
marker, tor, sharp
limit , limit,
rock, sharp ponted
Sfâr·it, end (Romanian)
tool, kad ru, to set
up a boundary with raja, boundary, limit,
pää, end (Finnisha boundary stone,
Uralic)
set up a boundary
stone, kisurrû,
territory, plan,
outline of a
building, kišdu,
limit, boundary,
acquisition, assets,
lim tu, borderline,
circumference,
perimeter, edge,
fence, etc.
(Akkadian)
¸ , Ório,
boundary,
periorizo, limit;
synoro, boundary,
ƒ V, télos, end
(Greek)
« §Š ˆ,
sahmany,
« §Š , sahman,
limit, ¹„…º, verj,
end (Armenian)
kufi, boundary,
limit, limit, fund,
end (Albanian)
termino-are;
terminus-i,
boundary; ora-ae,
edge, rim,
boundary
limit [<Lat.
limesitis, path,
course,
boundary
line],
boundary,
cairn [<ME
–k (n.a.) [B –ke], end,
carne, of
–kessu (adj.) [B akessu], Celtic origin, a
mound set up
final (Tocharian)
as a
erha, a boundary, irhai,
boundary],
#irhai to limit, rha,
boundary, off, away,
finish [<Lat.
tuhus, to end,
finire, to
complete]
term, limit,
appa/appi, appae,
appiie/a, finish, to be
verge, to
finished, trup, finished,
border on,
to be finished, to plaid
approach
together, to unite, collect, [<Lat. virga,
to collect oneself,
rod]
zinna/zinn,
zinnizzi/zinnanzi, to
finish, tsini/tsin, to finish 10-38
(Hittite)
TERMeNES,
Script N206
See also,
OR (‹R), Z308,
Z421, Z1789,
TC28, TC46,
TC259, Q217,
DM-3, ‹P-2,
J35-12, PZ-2
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[ýaozhdâ-2]
ýaozhdadhâiti
[ýaozhdâ], cleanse,
purify, ýaozhdå
[ýaozhdâ] purity
(Avestan)
narm, hamvâr,
ravân, smooth, adj.
sâf, »“¼ smooth,
clean, tamiz, ½Ž¾¿
clean, mâlidan,
sudan, sâyidan,
sama, smooth,
®ÀŽ¯“ to rub, grade,
clean, sâyes, grind,
ârdan, sâyidan, to
sam karoti, to
level, Œodhayati; grind (Persian)
, gluvi, to
pun–ti , to clean,
smooth,
zANa, grind, or
,
touchstone;
gasuptaveba, to
peSaNa, grindclean (Georgian)
stone; piS,
pinaSTi
(piMSati),
tua(g)i/e, clean
grind pound, rub, (Urartian)
crush; ghRS,
itk-, parn-, šeÁl-, to
gharSati; likh,
be clean, itki,
likhati (-te)v, to
clean, pure
(Hurrian)
scratch, furrow,
slit, draw, write,
chisel, form,
smooth, polish
eb bu, to clean,
become cleansed,
to clear a person or
property of legal
claims, ebbiš, state
of ritual cleanness,
pe û, to clean, to
bleach, to sinter, to
pale, to become
white, to launder,
qad šu to make
ritually clean, to be
free of claims, to
purify, to
consecrate,
kap ru, to smear
on (a paint or
liquid), to be
smeared, to wipe
off, to rub, to
purify magically,
etc., rummuku,
adj., cleaned,
bathed, mesû,
cleaned, refined
—›²ž±Ã² Ä,
zhlad³va , to smooth,
Å Ä, ysci , to
clean (Belarusian)
za glatko, to smooth,
istiti, to clean
(Croatian)
wygøadzi , to smooth,
trzec, to rub, czyŒci , to
clean (Polish)
gludi, to smooth, t r t, to
clean (Latvian)
a netezi, to smooth
(Romanian)
tasoittaa, to smooth,
siivota, to clean
(Finnish-Uralic)
Æ
•x £ ÇÆÈ•€,
gia na
eÉomalyntheí, to
smooth, malakos,
leios, malakono, to
smooth, Æ
Ê È €ËÌ, na
katharíso, to clean,
ƒÈÌ, alétho,
grind (Greek)
§ … „Í, hart’el, to
smooth, Š ‰…„Í,
mak’rel, to clean
(Armenian)
për të qetësuar,
lemoj, to smooth,
grit, bluaj, to grate,
te pastrosh, to
clean (Albanian)
betun, to polish,
polishizatzeko, to
polish, igurtzi, to
rub, leuntzeko, to
smooth, garbitu, to
clean (Basque)
tero, terere, trivi,
tritum, to whet,
smooth,
tergeo-ere and
tergo-ere, tersi,
tersum, to clean
teres-retis,
rounded,
polished, well
turned, smooth,
refined
go réidh, to smooth,
Glanadh, to clean (Irish)
gu rèidh, to smooth, a
ghlanadh, to clean (Scott)
i esmwyth, to smooth,
llyfnhau, to smooth,
level, plane; crensio, to
grind your teeth; malu, to
grind, mince, chop,
smash, pound, mill, i
lanhau, to clean, ter, adj.
clear, refined, pure, fine
(Welsh)
lisciare, to smooth out,
levigare, to smooth,
pulire, to clean, terso, adj.
terse, polished (Italian);
lisser, to smooth,
nettoyer, to clean, grincer,
to rub [<ME
to creak [porte], gnash
[dents], to grate (French) rubben], whet
[<OE
hwettan], to
smooth [<OE
smoth], to
apad–t, clean, pure
grind
(Tocharian)
[<OE
grindan],
prkua(i), paparkua,
use up to
wipe,
scour, clean;
cleanse, to purify,
level [<Lat.
libra, balance],
miu/miau, smooth
perfect,
(Luvian)
smooth, terse
prkui, prkuwai,
[<Lat. tersus]
teros (TER‹S)
N349, ters, or
TERSNA Script
Z530, TC28
See MvLAK
clean, pure, clear, free of,
TERSNA
proven innocent,
possibly the
name of a
parku(i)e/a,
people; i.e.,
see RASNA
clean, to make clean, to
clear up, to become pure,
10-39
parkunu, to cleanse,
prkunu, cleanse, to
purify, to declare
innocent, to justify, to
castrate, to clarify,
harra/harr, harranu,
harrae, to grind,
malliie/a, to grind, mill,
hara, grindstone,
mius, smooth (Hittite)
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(said of metals),
washed, el lu, to
cleanse oneself, to
become pure, to
purify, to make
free, etc., šukkulu,
to rub, wipe, polish
(Akkadian)
ufyemi [vap], to
weave (Avestan)
bâftan,
to
weave, picidan,
tanidan, to weave
(Persian)
,
khels uts’q’obs, to
weave (Georgian)
krt, krnatti, to
twist the thread,
spin, {krtayati}
weave; va,
vayati, -te, to
weave,
interweave, plait,
compose hymns;
tan, tanoti,
tanute, to extend,
stretch, spread,
lengthen, spin
out, weave, string
the bow, vabh, to
bind, to fetter
vyay, -yati, -te, to
waste, squander,
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mi u, weaving,
woven cloth, a
decoration of
precious stones,
plowed land,
stroke, etc.,
maštûtu, šatûtu,
weaving, utuplu,
weaving or fabric,
kam du, to weave
and prepare cloth
in a specific way,
e pu, to twine, to
double, multiply,
karku, twined,
compact?, mu û,
watlu, woven
fabric, šatû, to
weave, to spin, to
entwine, interface,
to join battle, to
have someone spin
a thread, to be
woven, spun,
utuplu, fabric or
weaving, pat lu,
plait, twist, to be
plaited, twisted,
m tu, braider,
webster, spinster,
twiner, amû, spun,
twisted, braided,
twined, urru,
twine, wire, yarn,
string, band, a
feature of the exta
(Akkadian)
, tka , to weave
(Belarusian)
tkati, to weave
(Croatian)
tkac, wove, weave
(Polish)
aust, to weave (Latvian)
a tese, to weave, ES,
weave; E I, you
weave; ESEM, we
weave (Romanian)
kutoa, to weave
(Finnish-Uralic)
x, pustku,
wasteland,
, na
yfaínoun, to weave
(Greek)
e-wepesesomena
(fut.part.), which
will be woven
(Mycenaean)
, hyusel, to
weave (Armenian)
për të endur, to
weave (Abanian)
texo-texere,
textum
to weave
[<OE
wefan], to
twine together,
compose
10-40
ehuntzeko, to
weave, eho, to
mill, weave
(Basque)
€•‚ƒV, erimiés,
wasteland, desert
a fhíorú, to weave (Irish)
a ghlanadh, to weave
(Scott)
i wehyddu, gwau (gweu),
to weave, eilio, to weave,
plait, sing, alternate;
plwthu, ro plait, weave,
fold, braid, mat; ystofi, to
warp, weave, plan
(Welsh)
tesere, to weave (Italian)
tisser, to weave (French)
tes, Script Z1359,
AP-1;
tesi, Script Au46;
tesim, Script Z-1,
Z-6? Z674, Z729
tesare, Script
PN-3
wap, B. wap, to weave
(Tocharian)
wep, to weave, wepa,
woven fabric (Hittite)
tesqua [tesca]
dramhaíl, wasteland,
waste [<Lat.
tescam, Script
N139
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biyâbân, ‰ Š
desert (Persian)
,
udabnos,
wasteland, desert
(Georgian)
expend;
marubh…mi†, a
desert,
wasteplace,
v‡luk‡rˆava†, a
sandy desert
quldi-, desolate,
empty (Urartian)
ab tu, to destroy
buildings, objects,
lay waste, ruin a
region, arm tu,
waste, desolation,
namû, to lay
waste, to become
waste, turn into
ruins, etc., arbu,
arb tu, numû?,
urb , wasteland,
deserted place,
namûtu,
wasteland,
desolaton,
(Akkadian)
‹Œ•,
pustynia, desert
(Belarusian)
pustoš, wasteland,
pustinja, desert
(Croatian)
nieuŽytek, wasteland,
pustynia, desert (Polish)
tukšs, wasteland,
tuksnesis, desert
(Latvian)
pustietate, wasteland,
de•ert, desert
(Romanian)
joutomaa, wasteland,
aavikko, desert (FinnishUralic)
tyajati, to
abandon, leave,
viramati, to
desist, kalpayati,
to draw, design,
‡likhati, to draw,
sketch
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, uari
tkvas, to abandon,
, uaris
tkma, to desist,
,
miap’q’ros, draw,
, esk’izi,
sketch (Georgian)
ezbu, ez bu, to
abandon, to desert,
to leave, leave
behind, to neglect,
etc., uz bu,
abandoned child,
foundling, ramû,
to forsake, to
remove, to untie, to
release, to become
weak, to go limp,
etc., ezbu, ez bu,
abandoned child,
lab ru, abandoned,
ruined (buildings),
used, rancid, etc.,
ušubbû,
abandoned house,
house in ruins,
namû, abandoned,
to lay waste,
orum, n. pl
wasteland,
wasters, deserts,
Acc., -am, direct
object of verb;
desertus, ppp of
desero, adj. desert;
desero-ere-ui-tum,
to desert,
abandon, forsake,
forfeit bail
fásach, desert (Irish)
crìonadh, wasteland,
fàsach, desert (Scott)
tir gwastraff, wasteland,
anialwch, desert (Welsh)
deserto, wasteland, desert
(Italian)
terre en friche,
(uncultivated earth),
wasteland, désert, desert
(French)
vastare, to
make
empty], desert
[<LLat.
desertum]
10-41
harknu, to ruin a place,
walhuant, uncultivated
(Hittite)
‰–Š—˜ ™›œ, to desist,
trk kardan, ‰œ•˜ ž•Ÿ
to abandon,
rasm kardan, ›¡
‰œ•˜ draw (Persian)
(Greek)
•‘•“•” •,
anapatum,
wasteland,
•‘•“•”,
anapat, desert
(Armenian)
djerrinë,
wasteland,
shkretëtirë, desert
(Albanian)
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¢£ ¤¥
, admovicca,
to abandon, desist,
£ ¦•¤ , maliava , to
draw, § ¥¨, eskiz,
sketch (Belarusian)
napustiti, to abandon,
odustati, to desist, crtati,
to draw, Skica, sketch
(Croatian)
porzuci , to abandon,
zaprzesta , to desist,
rysowa , to draw,
naszkicowa , sketch
(Polish)
pamest, to abandon,
noraid©t, to desist, z©mªt,
to draw, uz skice, to
sketch (Latvian)
a abandona, to abandon,
a renun«a, to desist,
DESENA, to draw, to
sketch, schi«¬, sketch
(Romanian)
hylätä, to abandon,
lopettaa, to desist,
luonnos, sketch
(Finnish-Uralic)
a thréigean, to abandon, a
dhiúltú, to desist, tarraing,
to draw, sceitse, sketch
(Irish)
a thrèigsinn, to abandon,
a dh 'aindeoin, to desist, a
tharraing, to draw,
sgeidse, sketch (Scott)
- ®¯ ° ± ‚²³,
Na enkataleipso, to
abandon,
´° • °µ´ ,
na stamatísoun, to
desist,
´¶ ·‚¸´³, na
schediáso, to draw
(Greek)
¹ , lk’el, to
abandon,
º•º•» ¼‘ ,
dadarets’nel, to
desist, ‘½•» ,
nkarel, to draw,
»¾•¿ÀÁ,
urvagits, sketch
(Armenian)
te braktisesh, to
abandon, desist, te
vizatosh, to draw,
skicë, sketch
(Albanian)
laga, to quit,
abandon, desert,
alde batera utzi, to
abandon,
diseinatzeko, to
design, marraztu,
to draw (Basque)
gadael, abandon, i
ddiddymu, to desist, i
dynnu, to draw, braslun,
sketch (Welsh)
desino-nere-ni, to
leave off,
abandon, to stop,
desist, to end
abbandonare, to abandon,
desistere, to desist,
disegnare, to draw,
schizzo, sketch (Italian)
abandonner, to abandon,
se désister, to desist,
dessiner, to draw,
esquisser, sketch (French)
to abandon,
desist, [<Lat.
desistere] to
design, draw
[<OE dragan],
sketch [<It.
schizzo]
tesena, Script
N533, N563;
TESeNE, Script
K105, K115
TESeNS, Script
K117
10-42
kultsatr, sketch, rough,
draft, wooden tablet
(Luvian)
pitlae, pittalae, to
abandon, discard,
pesie/a, abandon, to cast,
to throw away, to shove,
to cast off, kultsa(i), to
draw, write (Hittite)
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ruined, etc., nadû,
abandoned,
uninhabited,
uncultivated,
fallow, scattered,
etc., uššurtu,
abandonment,
uššuru, to
abandon, give up,
neglect, release,
leave alone, permit,
divorce, allow,
bequeath, etc.,
e ru, to draw,
make a drawing,
e ru, drawn,
es qu, to draw, to
make a drawing, to
incise a relief, to
apportion lots,
e irtu, e urtu,
i urtu, m iru?,
drawing, almu,
drawing, relief,
statue (in the
round),
constellation,
figurine (used for
magic purposes),
bodily shape,
stature, likeness,
l u, drawing,
sketch, (Akkadian)
s‡kÂyaà dad‡ti,
testify, s‡kÂin,
witness,
aparoksay, -yati,
to witness; vettR,
knower, witness;
diz, didesti,
dizati, -te, to
point out, show,
produce a
witness, bestow,
order, command,
direct;
ah©nav‡din, a
witness capable
of giving
evidence
govâhi dâdan, ÄÅÆÇÈ
‰œÆœ to testify,
shâhed, –Å É
witness (Persian)
¢¦• ¢ Ê‹
¨ ŒŒ•Ë,
dlia daÌy pakazanniaÍ,
to testify, ¤Î¢ ,
sviedka, witness
, chveneba, (Belarusian)
to testify,
,
svjedoÌiti, to testify,
mots’me, witness
svjedok, witness
(Georgian)
(Croatian)
zeznawa , to testify,
Ïwiadek, witness
(Polish)
zil=ikk=uhli,
liecin‡t, to testify,
witness (Hurrian)
liecinieks, witness
(Latvian)
S¬ depun¬ m¬rturie, to
testify, witness, martor
daj n , amatu,
(Romanian)
witnesses,
todistaja, to testify,
offenders in court,
witness (Finnish-Uralic)
miru, witness,
onlooker, reader,
mer nu, witness,
eye witness, kânu,
to witness, testify,
etc., na lu, to
witness, to have
eyesight, to look, to
look on, to look at
¯ ° Ѓ´ ‚,
na katathései, to
testify, martyro,
bear witness
(Greek)
¾½•
•••»,
vkayelu hamar, to
testify, ¾½•, vka,
testor-ar
witness
(Armenian)
për të dëshmuar, to
testify, dëshmitar,
witness (Albanian)
fianaise a thabhairt, to
testify, finné, witness
(Irish)
gus fianais a thoirt, to
testify, fhianais, witness
(Scott)
i dystio, tystio, to attest,
testify, witness,
depose, tyst, witness
(Welsh)
testimoniare, testificare,
to testify,
testimone, witness
(Italian)
témoigner, to testify, bear
witness, témoin, witness
(French)
A. stwar, B. stwer (bear
witness (Tocharian)
to bear witness
[<OE witnes],
give evidence,
make a will,
show [<OE
sceawian, to
look at]
swear [<OE
swerian], to
testify under
oath
testre, Script
Q253, Q263;
testro (TESTR„),
Script N689,
Q424,
Q767, R178;
see martir
10-43
lekuko, witness
(Basque)
kutruuae,
kutrun/kutruen,
witness, to bear witness,
kutruadr/kutruan,
kutruesr/kutruesn,
witnessing,
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a person, observe,
inspect, dream,
etc., š me nu,
hearsay witness,
š bu, witness,
elders, old woman,
old man, the
constellation Ñold
manÒ (Perseus),
š b tu, testimony,
old age (Akkadian)
kutruah, witness, to
summon a witness
(Hittite)
sar, •› head, sight,
ÓÔ› roof, bâm,
roof; (Persian)
,
khelmdzghvaneli,
head,
,
sakhuravi, roof
(Georgian)
ceann, head, díon, roof
(Irish)
ceann, head, mullach,
roof (Scott)
pennaeth, pen-nau, head,
chief, top, end; copa-u on,
top, apex, crest, summit,
head (Welsh)
tetto, roof; testa, head,
capo, head, top, end,
cupola, dome (Italian)
toit, roof; tête, head; teter,
to nurse (French)
p‡Õi/e, paÖi, pâÖi,
head (Hurrian)
Ïiro'sthi, head,
chadis, cover,
roof, thatch;
valabhI (-bhi);
zIrSan, head
agittû, agiddû,
headgear, a
bandage,
aparakku,
headdress, ap ru,
to put on a head
covering,
headdress,
kaqqadu, head
(Akkadian)
× ¦ ¤ ,
halava, head, ¢ Ø, dach,
roof (Belarusian)
glava, head, krov, roof
(Croatian)
gøowa, head, dach, roof
(Polish)
galva, head, jumts, roof
(Latvian)
cap, head, acoperi•,
roof,
EASTÙ, skull,
(Romanian)
pää, head, katto, roof
(Finnish-Uralic)
¯ ¸±‚, kefáli,
head, ´°ƒ®€,
stégi, roof
(Greek)
¿ Ú, glukh,
head, ”•‘À¹,
tanik’, roof
(Armenian)
kokë, head, çati,
roof, kupolë,
dome, tavan,
ceiling, (Albanian)
tectum, roof;
caput-itis, the
head
harmahi, narsam, a
head, harsar, SAG, head,
soh, soha, roof,
trna, head, skull, a small
measure, palahsae,
palahsiie/a, plahs(ie/a)
/plahsae, to cover,
(Hittite)
head [<OE
heafod], roof,
[<OE hrof];
cap [<LLat.
cappa], cope,
long cape-like
garment worn
by priests,
coping, top of
a wall [<LLat.
capa, cloak]
cupola [<It.],
dome
tet, Script L13
teto (TET„),
Script
Q202, R294
10-44
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divya†, divine
khoda, Æ–Û God,
holy, heaven, deity,
maghaddas, Ü–ÔÝ
holy (Persian)
,
ghvtaebrivi, divine
(Georgian)
ªni-, god (Hurrian)
Anu, god, sky god,
name of highest
god, abu, i.e. abu
Enlil, god's title,
il…tu, divine power,
divine nature,
divine rank, status
of a deity
(Akkadian)
x
hami kardan, æîð
‰œ•˜ to carry off,
khamvsh kardan,
‰œ•˜ ñÇÝ Û to carry
off (Persian)
,
gaat’aros
moshorebit, to
carry away
(Georgian)
tab lu, to carry
off, to take away,
lead away,
disappear (astron.
things), to be
removed, etc.
(Akkadian)
Ê Þ ËŒ‹, ÌaroÍny,
divine (Belarusian)
boßanski, divine
(Craotian)
boski, divine (Polish)
dievišãa, divine
(Latvian,
DI„IN, divine
(Romanian)
jumalallinen, divine
(Finnish-Uralic)
xÐ å¯óV,
theïkós, divine
(Greek)
• ”¾•Á• À‘,
astvatsayin, divine
(Armenian)
hyjnor, divine
(Albanian)
¤‹Œ ¥ ,
vynosi , to carry away
(Belarusian)
nositi, to carry away
(Croatian)
do zabrania, to carry
away (Polish)
noòemt, to carry away
(Latvian)
s¬ duc¬ departe, to carry
away, x TôRõ, to carry
away by force), TôRõ,
to carry away touching
the ground (Romanian)
kuljettaa pois, to carry
away (Finnish-Uralic)
ö • ¯ ÷ ° ‚, deveho-vehere
na apomakrýnetai,
to carry away
(Greek)
ù•¼‘ ,
herrats’nel, to
carry away
(Armenian)
për të kryer larg, to
carry away
(Albanian)
¢ Ê‹ŒÎŒŒ¥ ¢ ,
u daÌynienni da, to
‡driyate, to
regard, צ•¢¨Î Œ ,
regard, look at,
hliadzie na, to look at
face, dR, driyate,
(Belarusian)
to regard, respect,
uzeti u obzir, to regard,
,
mind; gaNay,
pogledati, to look at
ganikhilos, to
yati, to number,
(Croatian) uwaŽa , to
regard,
calculate, count,
,
regard, patrze na, to
establish a value shevkhedot, to look look at
on, regard, care
at (Georgian)
(Polish)
about
am- , to look at, to uzskat©t, to regard,
apskat©t, to look at
look, see, furi,
(Latvian)
look, fur, to look,
a lua ün considerare, to
to see (Hurrian)
regard,
ana/ina muhhi , to
a se uita la, to look at
look at, look after
(Romanian)
(Akkadian)
huomioon, to regard,
tarkastella, to look at
(Finish-Uralic)
tavajjoh,
regard, negâh
kardan, ‰œ•˜ þ ÿ! to
look (Persian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1E.html
dius-a-um; adj.
divinus, divine
diaga, divine (Irish)
diadhaidh, divine (Scott)
dwyfol, divine (Welsh)
divino, divine (Italian)
divin, divine (French)
a chur ar shiúl, to carry
away (Irish)
a ghiûlan air falbh, to
carry away (Scott)
i ddal i ffwrdd,
to carry away (Welsh)
portare via, to carry away
(Italian)
entraüner, emporter, to
carry away (French)
divine,
tevens (TE8eNS)
Script K22
10-45
carry
[<Norman Fr.
carier], away
or down
10-46
tevra (TE8RA)
Script Q500,
R474
tevre (TE8RE)
Script N638
tevri (TE8RI)
Script N676
eraman, to carry a
way (Basque)
° Ð ³ µ´³, na
to theoríso, to
regard,
" °¸´ • , na
exetásoume, to
look at (Greek)
•#¾À •ù‘ $,
hashvi arrnely, to
regard, ‘•
•••», nayelu
hamar, to look at
(Armenian)
për t'u marrë
parasysh, to
regard, për të parë
në, to look at
(Albanian)
tueor [or tuor]
tueri, tuitus and
tutus, dep. and
tueo-ere, to
regard, intueoreri-itus, to look at,
watch, to
contemplate,
consider, admire,
spectoare-avi-atum, to
look at, observe,
watch,
contemplate,
tus, turis, incense,
frankinsense
aird, to regard, chun
féachaint ar, to look at
(Irish)
a bhith mothachail, to
regard, gus coimhead air,
to look at (Scott)
i ystyried, to regard, i
edrych ar, to look at
(Welsh)
a riguardo, to regard,
guardare, to look at
(Italian)
regarder, to regard, look
at, considérer,
concerner, to regard;
guarder, to guard (French)
Mamna, to look at,
regard with favor
(Luvian)
Mamana, to look at, look
to, suw‡ye->, look, au-, u-,,
to look, see, Saguaia,
Saguaie/a, to look, see,
‡ppa tiya-, to look after,
Prauwdla, a lookout
(Hittite)
to look at
[<OE
locian], regard
[<OFr.
regarder],
watch over
[<OE
waeccan] to
kill
[<ME killen]?
10-47
tua, (TFA), Script
AH
tue, (TFE), Script
Z1021, Z1846;
Note: tua, tue do
not follow Latin
conjugation form
of tueor but are
similar to French
tuer, to kill.
tus (TFS), Script
Z5;
turi (T„RI),
Script
Z981
Note: tus, turi are
probably L. tus,
turis, incense,
frankinsense,
applied to a
corpse, such as
the Zagreb
Mummy, Script Z
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prati, retaliation,
pratiphalam,
retribution,
nakhara†, talon,
claw
entegham, % Ô !Æ
revenge, nâkhon,
Û ! nail, claw,
talon (Persian)
,
shurisdzieba,
retaliation,
, t’aloni,
talon (Georgian)
¢¢¨• , addziaku,
retaliation, ¥ &Þ,
kipciur, talon
(Belarusian)
osveta, retaliation,
talon, kandža, talon
(Croatian)
odwet, retaliation, pazur,
claw, talon, nail (Polish)
atrieb©ba, retaliation,
talons, talon (Latvian)
represalii, retaliation,
ghear¬, claw, talon, nail
(Romanian) kosto,
retaliation, kynsi, claw,
talon, nail (FinnishUralic)
x
x
x
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talio-onis,
°ö ‚ ,
retaliation in kind,
antípoina,
talus-i, ankle, heel
retaliation,
reprisal, ƒ• ‚
némein, to give
what is due, ÷¶‚
, nýchi
orníou, talon
(Greek)
•½• •»¾•Á,
hakaharvats,
retaliation, *• •‘,
t’alan, talon
(Armenian)
shpagim,
retaliation, kthetër,
talon, claw
(Albanian)
cúiteamh, retaliation,
talún, talon (Irish)
dìoghaltas, retaliation, s
an Iar-, talon (Scott)
gwrthdaro, retaliation,
crafanc, talon, claw
(Welsh)
rappresaglia, vendetta,
retaliation, artiglio, talon
(Italian)
représailles, vengance,
revanche, retaliation,
talon, talon (French)
talon [<Lat.
talus, ankle]
-ƒ• ´€, Némesi
(Greek)
x
Thalna,
Etruscan
goddess,
Nemesis,
mother of
Helen; re: Gr.
thalassinos, of
the sea
Nemesis-es
Note: Etruscan
name based on
Latin talio-onis,
@retaliation@
10-48
10-49
x
x
x
x
x
x
Y\ \óV, Danaós,
mythical Egyptian
king who founded
Argos, father of
Danaans of Argos
(Y
, Danaoi)
used in Iliad,
Danaus was one of
the leaders of the
warriors from
Argos. Danai, Gen.
single; image is of
a woman and
probably is Y ¸€,
Danáª, mother of
Perseus
Danaeus-i, father
of Danaans or
Danae-es, mother
of Perseus
x
Tanaquil-ilis, wife
of the elder
Tarquin
x
THALIO
(+ALI„), Script
PC-7
Thane or Dane
(Sc. Thane;
OE. Thane,
feudal lord);
Danaus, father
of Argos, also
leader from
Argos listed in
Iliad.
Possibly
Danae-es,
mother of
Perseus
THAL (+AL)
Script K60,
TC86, TC225,
TC275, TC283,
TC316 GA-3;
J5-7
THALNA
(+ALNA) Script
DM-6, CB-1,
CX-2, DK-4,
DN-5, CBA-4,
CBF-2
THANE
(+ANE) Script
DK-2, Dane.
Image is of a
female raising a
warrior-image
over the head of
the god Tinia.
She may be
Danae, mother of
Perseus.
10-50
x
Thanchuilos
Tanaquil,
(+ANK„IL„S)
Etruscan
Queen, wife of Script A-1
Tarquin the
Elder, 5th king
of Rome
10-51
x
x
x
x
Pharsalus-(os)-i
x
x
x
x
+ƒ•‚V, Themis
(Greek)
Themis-dis
x
Pharsalus,
location in
Thessaly
where Julius
Caesar and
Pompey
fought
decisive battle
4th Century
B.C.
PHARSLIS
(^ARSLIS)
Script PM-3
Note: Text is @Mi
Larthia Pharslis@
10-52
theme (+EME)
Themis, Gr.
Script Aph-6
goddes of
order, justice,
mother of
seasons, order,
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justice, peace
and Fates
10-53
x
x
x
x
x
x
unknown
word, then,
den, ten,
name?
Theonoe,
daughter of
Proteus
10-54
x
x
x
x
x
x
+€´ƒ V, Thiséas
(Greek)
+ƒ°‚V, Thétis
(Greek)
Theseus-ei and
-eos
Thetis-idis or idos
x
x
Theseus,
Greek hero
Then (+EN)
Script PQ-16,
context: PQ-12:
(A+ENS) Athens
CLAEI (name,
Claei, same suffix
as in Elinei,
Helen): TRE
THEN (+EN)
S„MA@ three
@ten, then, den@
suma, summa-ae,
chief, main part,
or sumus, @we
are@, Ind. Pres.
1st Pers. Pl.;
Thena (+ENA)
Script Aph26,
Aph32 Script
10-55
These (+ESE)
Script CC-2
Thesi (+ESI)
Script Aph-13
Thetis, a
Nereid,
sea-nymph,
mother of
Achilles
Thetis and
Thethis (+ETIS
` +E+IS) Script
MM-3, MR-4,
CQ-1, CR-1
10-56
x
x
x
+ , Theia
(Greek)
Dia-ae
x
Thia, Titaness, Thia (+IA) Script
mother of Eos; M45, M67, Au-1
possibly Dia,
mother of
Tia, Script K10
Mercury
10-57
x
x
x
x
x
x
Theias, king
of Assyria,
father of
Adonis
Thieth (+IE+)
Script DO-4
10-58
x
x
x
+|~ ‚, Thªbai
(Greek)
Thebae-arum
x
avasthiti†,
continuance in a
place, niv‡sa†,
dwelling place
khâne, house
(Persian)
, sakhli,
house (Georgian)
¢ £, dom, house
(Belarusian)
ku a, house, dom, home,
house, chamber
(Croatian)
dom, house (Polish)
x´ö °‚, spíti, house
(Greek)
” ‘$, tuny,
house (Armenian)
shtëpi, house,
dhomë, room,
chamber, house
(Albanian)
domus-us, house,
home;
domo, domare,
domui, domitum,
tame, break in,
conquer, casa-ae,
cottage, hut
teach, house (Irish)
Thebes?
Thipo (+IP„)
Script PA-8
10-59
lu, in b t li,
house in the city,
arpani, a type of
house, m šabu,
domicile, dwelling,
seat (Akkadian)
m‡ja, house (Latvian)
cas¬, house,
domiciliu, home,
residence, domicile
(Romanian)
talo, house, huone,
room, house, chamber
(Finnish-Uralic)
taigh, house (Scott)
t•, house (Welsh)
house, [<OE
h…s] domicile
[<Lat.
domicilium]
thomas or domas
(+„MAS) Script
PD-2
10-60
Casa, house,
dimora, residence, home,
dwelling (Italian)
maison, house (French)
oÂke [B oskiye], house,
dwelling place, kurek‡r
[B kwrak‡r], house or
pavilion with a pointed
roof (Tocharian)
bira, house (Lydian)
prnnawa, house,
mauseleum, grave house
(Lycian)
parna, house (Luvian)
É, p r, parn->, per/prn,
house, prnneze/i, house,
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household, prnnezi(je),
household member,
parnawa, to house, to
serve a house (Hittite)
x
x
x
TrwóV,
ojan
oós,
oianus-a-um
x
ojans
10-61
x
x
x
wr V, Do is,
"bounty" (G eek)
Do is-dis, sea
nymph, o
Do es-um,
Do ians
x
h onei
(QR NEI) Sc ipt
DA-7
ho asi, name; hu asi
Re: Do is-idis, (Q RASI) Sc ipt
ife of
AF-22
Ne eus,
meton., the sea
10-62
tane, mile, sâqe,
stem, stak,
stem, stalk, Pe sian)
,
ghe ovani, stem
(Geo gian)
k a, stem of a
t ee, adga, stalk,
stem, cane; taka,
stem; vanaspati,
t ee (lit. lo d of
the ood), stem,
t unk, beam,
timbe , the
sac ificial post,
the Soma plant
, sciablo, stem
išinnu, stalk of
(Bela usian)
g ain, abburu,
stabljika, stem
stalk, g een shoot,
(C oatian)
kannu, stalk, slip
of a plant, shoot (of t zon, stem (Polish)
a t ee), kisittu,
k ts, stem (Latvian)
stem of a ho n,
tij , stem, (Romanian)
lineage, ood
va si, stem (Finnishshavings, t unk of a
t ee, stump in exta, U alic)
pir’u, shoot,
offshoot, leaf,
offsp ing,
descendants
(Akkadian)
V,
stélechos, stem,
stamato, stem;
apothema (G eek)
ۥ, bkhum,
stem (A menian)
bu on, stem,
(Albanian)
sti ps (sti pes,
sti pis) sti pis, the
stock o stem of a
plant, shoot,
stock, sou ce,
oot,
foundation
asni [azan]
aya e [aya -], day
(Avestan)
Ruz,
day
(Pe sian)
, dghes, day
(Geo gian)
divasa, day,
dyotate, gleam,
shine
jamb— a˜, lime
immu, day,
daytime, mu, day,
spend a day, to
a ange a festival,
mtu, day,
šum ulu, to spend
the day, šamšu,
day, sun disk,
sunlight, sun (a
synonym fo gold),
uttukku,
auspicious day,
(Akkadian)
âhak, lime,
lymte ssha, ™š›œ•žŸ
limes (Pe sian)
ƒ„…†‡, dzieˆ, day
(Bela usian)
dzien, day (Bela us)
dan, day (C oatian)
dan, day (Se boC oatian)
dzien, day (Polish)
deina, day (BalticSudovian)
diena, day (Latvian)
zi, day (Romanian)
päivä, day (FinnishU alic)
‰Š r‹, imé a, day
(G eek)
Œ•Ž• •‘’•“” €•,
o va ynt•ats•k•um,
day (A menian)
ditë, day
(Albanian)
dies-ei, day;
diu, adv. by day,
fo a long time, a
long time ago;
diutiuus, longe ,
too long; supe l.
diutissime
egun, day (Basque)
gas, stem (I ish)
giùlan, stem (Scott)
cas, stem (Welsh)
stelo, stem, stalk (Italian)
tic, tic, t itch, tige, stem,
stalk, tige, t unk, shaft,
shank, leg, stock (F ench)
kom [B kaume], sp out
( ocha ian)
akistan, a b anch;
tuwarsa, a od, vine
(Hittite)
lá, day (I ish)
di; là & latha, day (Scott)
deiz, day (B eton)
di nod-au-iau, day;
dydd-iau, day (of the
eek) (Welsh)
gio no, day, diutu no,
diute nus, un elenting
(Italian)
jou , day; diu ne, adj.
diu nas, day; jou nalie ,
adj. daily (F ench)
ko– [B kau–], day,
sun, kona-ko–, day by
day ( ocha ian)
siwats, siuat,
#šiwat a day, daylight,
k eu iu , dayb eak
(Hittite)
¡¢£†¢, vapna, lime
(Bela usian)
vapno, lime (C oatian)
¤ ‹Š ¥r¦§,
flamou iá, lime
t ee (G eek)
tilia-ae
aol, lime (I ish)
aol, lime (Scott)
calch, lime (Welsh)
stem [<OE
stefn, p o ],
shoot [<OE
sceotan], to
shoot fo th;
stalk {<ME
stalk]
10-63
daytime, day
[<OE daeg],
pe iod of
t enty-fou
hou s
10-64
tic, Sc ipt AF13;
tikam, Sc ipt
R286;
ICNeR, Sc ipt
Z1359;
tiga ( IbA),
Sc ipt ‚117;
tige ( IbE),
Sc ipt R339;
tigi ( IbI), Sc ipt
R359
tie, Sc ipt
Z1216, Au-9,
N453, R15,
R114, R661,
XP-4; PM-7,
AF-21
thie (QIE) Sc ipt
AD-6
ties, Sc ipt AG-3,
N312, ‚263,
R661, XA-20
tio, tiu,( I )
Sc ipt
N404, R444,
BS-7?
thyo (QY )
Sc ipt M13
lime t ee [<A .
tiglo ( IbL ),
limah, lime];
Sc ipt ‚209,
lime = linden
‚442, ‚460
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Limonka, lime (Polish)
laims, lime (Latvian)
t ee
, tsatskhvi,
lime (Geo gian)
l mâie ve de, lime,
¨IGL©, oof tile
(Romanian)
lime, limetti, lime
(Finnish-U alic)
http://
ª••”••« ¬•-,
k ak•a i tsa , lime
t ee (A menian)
bli, lime
(Albanian)
.ma avot.com/Indo-Eu opean_ able1E.html
tigilo, lime, tigiloso,
tough (Italian)
tilleul, lime-t ee (F ench)
t ee [<OE
lind]
10-65
ta snâk, d eadful,
ta s, ®›œ fea ,
ta sidan, to fea
(Pe sian)
, shishi, fea
(Geo gian)
de a¯-,fea
(U a tian)
ug-, to fea
(Hu ian)
ad ru, fea less,
impudent, an nu,
fea , ad ru, to fea
the diety, ad riš, in
fea , adirtu,
edirtu, idirtu,
idištu, fea ,
app ehension,
unhappiness,
eagla, fea (I ish)
eagal, fea (Scott)
ofn, fea (Welsh)
Scott)
timo e, fea , d ead,
pau a, fea (Italian)
timide, adj. fea ful;
t emble , to t emble
(F ench)
rašû, to incu fea ,
anxiety, dist ess, to
gain st ength, to
attain isdom,
expe ience, fame,
etc., rašbu, adj.,
mayam, bhay t, fea some,
a e-inspi ing
bhI, bhayate,
bibhetibhI a, fea , nak du, fea , to
o y, to palpitate,
inspi ing fea ,
to th ob, to beat, to
f eightening;
be anxious about,
ama, fea , te o ;
etc., nirri u, fea ,
bhI, fea , ho o
t embling,
at; sAdhvasa,
pe plexity,
nakuttu, fea ,
pe tu bation, fea ,
te o , timidity,
o y, conce n,
shyness.
anxiety, dist ess,
nikittu, fea ,
o y, conce n,
etc., pal u, adj.,
fea some,
pall û, fea ful,
eve ent pe son,
tamas, to to ment,
°±¢², st ach, fea
(Bela usian)
st ah, fea (C oatian)
st ach, fea , d ead
(Polish)
bijusna , d ead,
fea ; bijat, to fea , d ead;
tamsa, gloom (BalticSudovian)
bailes, fea , (Latvian)
f ic , fea , EAMA, fea
EMEM, e fea ;
EMEAM, I fea ed;
(Romanian)
pelko, fea (FinnishU alic)
nahh->, n hi,
nah/nahh, nahsrie/a,
¤ó³ V, fobos, fea
(G eek)
Ž• , vakh, fea
(A menian)
f ikë, d uaj, fea
(Albanian)
timeo-e e, to fea ,
d ead; t emo-e e,
to t emble, quake;
t emo -o is,
t embling,
quaking
fea , to, become af aid, to
sho espect, (fo a diety),
be ca eful, nahsrat, fea ,
to fea [<OE
fae ], d ead
f ight, espect, eve ence, [<OE d eaden,
to fea ],
a e, f ightfulness,
t emble, timid,
nahuasa/i, fea ful o
fea some, nahsrnu,
10-66
to make someone af aid,
uerite/uerit,
werite/werit, werites,
fea , to be f ightened,
timam, Sc ipt
XC-6
timem, Sc ipt
N123;
timo ( IM )
Sc ipt L59
See Sc ipt R88,
Phobia, possibly
the name of the
god Phobos
weritema, fea ,
f ight, pituliant,
fea ful, o ied, intimidated
(Hittite)
par du, to be
fea ful, distu bed,
etc., pal iš, adv.,
fea fully,
te ifyingly,
eve ently,
pulu tu, pul u,
fea someness,
fea , a e,
a esomeness,
te o , kummusu,
fea , inspi ing,
urb šu, shive s,
chills, hoa f ost,
pirittu, fea , te o ,
pal u, fea , , to
f ighten, to be
af aid, to vene ate,
ca e fo , etc.
(Akkadian)
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aad, ´µ¶ thunde ,
Ahu a Mazdah
(Lo d of Wisdom),
sup eme god,
Asman, sky god
(Pe sian)
, kukhili,
thunde ,
,
Devi, lesse
demons,
,
A maz, chief god
(Geo gian)
¸± ¹, h om thunde ,
º…±»†, Pe un, chief
god, god of thunde
(Bela usian) g mljavina,
thunde , Pe un, god of
thunde (C oatian)
g zmot, thunde , Pe un,
chief god, god of
thunde (Polish)
p· kona negaiss,
thunde ,
Pe k¼nas, Baltic
thunde , sto m god
(Latvian)
Aud os, sto m god
(Lithuanian)
tunet, thunde ,
Zibelthiu do, thunde
god,
Ind a, sto m and
sky god
·ni-, god, eshub,
sto m god, Aplu,
thunde god
(Hu ian)
heispas o
eisheba, sto m
and a god
(U a tian)
http://
Gebeleyzis o
Zalmoxis, sto m god,
h acian,
(Romanian)
ukkonen, thunde , Ukko
o
Pe kele, sto m god
(Finnish-U alic)
³r ½ ¾, v ontí,
b onti, thunde ,
B ontes, thunde
god, ¿ ÀV, Zeús,
thunde & Sky god
(G eek)
••Á• Á,
amp op, thunde ,
Âaldi, chief god,
eispas o
eisheba, sto m
god (A menian)
bubullimë,
thunde ,
Perëndi, thunder
god, En, ancient
sup eme god,
omo , ancient
sup eme god
(Albanian)
.ma avot.com/Indo-Eu opean_ able1E.html
toi neach, thunde (I ish)
tài neanach, thunde
(Scott)
taenau, thunde (Welsh)
annus, innus,
a anis, god of thunde
(Celtic)
ta an, thunde (B eton)
tuono, thunde (Italian)
tonne e, thunde
(F ench)
Jupite (Jove),
sto m god,
sup eme god,
tonit us-us, sand
tonit uum-i,
thunde
qqnt, sto m god
(Lycian)
a huant/ a hunt,
a huntsa, sto m god,
a hunti, of the sto m
god (Luvian)
Tarhuna, sto m god,
tethesr/tethesn,
tethima, #tethima,
thunde , tith, tetha/teth,
tethiie/a, to thunde ,
harsiharsi, thunde sto m
(Hittite)
in, ini,
inia,
Et uscan
sup eme god,
Roman
Jupite , G eek
Zeus, ho ,
No se sto m
god, thunde
10-67
in, Sc ipt Z78,
Z103, Z300,
Z880, Z945,
Z999, Z1793,
C283, J39,
M24, PL-33,
PL-34
iN, Sc ipt Z638,
Z1183, Z1359;
ini, Sc ipt
Z1097?
C318, PL-16,
PL-32
inia, Sc ipt
DM-1, K94,
CE-1, DH-1,
DK-3, DN-3; See
Note (12)
abu, god's title, i.e.
abu Enlil,
aja• tu, ajûtu,
goddess's function,
Adad, Addu,
Sto m God, An,
sky god, fathe of
the pantheon,
murta’imu, god
thunde e ?,
a name of the god
Adad, rigmu,
thunde ,
p oclamation, call,
noise, sound, voice,
ailing, etc., addu,
thunde sto m,
sto m (Akkadian)
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jhaN, jhaNati, to
tinkle; kvaN,
kvaNati, to
sound, hum,
tinkle ran, raNati,
to ring,
sound, tinkle;
ziJj,
ziGkte, to twang,
tinkle, warble
raƒga„, dye, aJji,
adj., smearing,
slippery (also
{aJjiva3}),
ointment, paint,
colour, ornament;
varcasa, light,
brightness,
colour; kaS,
kaSati, -te. to
rub, scratch, hurt,
destroy, rub in,
dye; varNa,
cover, lid,
external
appearance,
colour, dye,
paint; udrin,
springy, wet
angostar, halqe,
zang zadan, to ring,
tanyn dashtan,
to tinkle,
clink (Persian)
, bech’edi,
to ring (Georgian)
ra u, to ring
(said of ears),
(Akkadian)
rang kardan …†‡
ˆ ‰Š to dye, paint
(Persian)
,
saghebavi, dye
(Georgian)
abû, adj., dyed,
na raptu, dying
vat,
mubarrimu,
mu appiu, bû,
dyer (Akkadian)
, zviaknu , to
tinkle (Belarusian)
da tinja, to tinkle
(Croatian)
brz czenie, to tinkle
(Polish)
uz t klu, to tinkle
(Latvian)
a suna, to ring, pentru a
se clatina, to tinkle
(Romanian)
soida, to ring, kalistä, to
tinkle (Finnish-Urlic)
‹Œ•ŽŒ Œ• • ,
farbava‘nik, dye
(Belarusian)
boja, dye (Croatian)
barwnik, dye (Polish)
kr“sviela, dye (Latvian)
colorant, dye
(Romanian)
(Polish)
väriaine, dye (FinnishUralic)
,
koudounizo, to
ring, tinkle
(Greek)
ۥ,
zangaharel, to ring,
‚ ‚€•, ts’nts’el, to
tinkle (Armenian)
për të tinkle, to
tinkle, për të
thirrur, to ring
(Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1E.html
tinnio-ire, to ring,
tinkle; to pay
money,
sono-are-ui-itum,
to sound, make a
noise, speak,
celebrate
dath, dye (Irish)
”•–—, vafí, bafi,
dye (Greek)
€ ˜, nerk, dye
(Armenian)
bojë, dye
(Albanian)
tingo, tingere,
tinxi, tinctum
mšrti„, figure,
form, image,
s“d›œyam,
likeness,
pratirupa,
counterpart,
image, model;
rupay, -yati, to
form, model,
figure, represent
stature of persons,
self, person, body,
size, shape, etc.,
padattu, figure of a
man, damtu, figure
of a man, gattu,
figure, shape,
lamassatu, figural
representation of a
female or divine
being, protective
spirit, pupil of the
eye (lit. the image
seen in the eye),
face, lamassu,
representation of a
human shape,
protective spirit,
etc., almu,
figurine,
dath, dye (Scott)
lliwio, dye, (Welsh)
tingere, to dye, paint,
stain, tinta, colorante,
dye, tint (Italian);
teindre, colorant, dye,
tint, stain (French)
to ring [<OE
hringan],
tinkle
[<ME
tynclen],
pay money?
10-68
TINeS, Script
Z439, Z572;
CA-1
TINIR, Script
PL-14
TINiRS, Script
Z522
to dip, soak,
dye, [<OE
d™ah, color],
to wet [<OE
waet], moisten
[<Lat.
mucidus,
tingus, Script
moldy], dye
[<OE deah,
N341
color], color
[<Lat. color
(colos)-oris],
imbue, tint
[<Lat. tinctus]
10-69
cineál, type, figiúr, figure
(Irish)
seòrsa, type, figear, figure
(Scott)
math-au, type, kind,
sort; ffigur-au, figure,
type; teip-iau, type
(Welsh)
genere, type, figura,
figure, tipo, type,
standard, specimen,
fellow, guy (Italian)
type, caractère,
figure, figure (French)
no, •ž† type, kind,
sort, shekl, Ÿ
figure, shape,
image (Persian)
, t’ipi, type,
, pigura
(Georgian)
l nu, figure,
fáinne, to ring (Irish)
a 'fàgail, to ring, a
'cromadha, to tinkle
(Scott)
i ffonio, to ring, tinc-iauiadau,
tinkle, jingle, clang, ring
tonc-iau, tinkle, ring,
clash (Welsh)
suonare, to ring,
tintinnare, to ring, tinkle
(Italian)
sonner, to ring, tinter, to
ring, tinkle
(French)
¡¢£, typ, ‹•¤ •Œ, fihura,
figure (Belarusian)
tip, type,
lik, figure (Croatian)
rodzaj, type, posta ,
figure (Polish)
tips, type, skaitlis, figure
(Latvian)
tip, TIP¥, type, figura,
figure (Romanian)
tyyppi, kuva, figure
(Finnish-Uralic)
¦§¨©V, týpos, type,
ª« ó •, eikóna,
figure (Greek)
¬-®, tip, type,
¯ °-±, gortsich’,
figure (Armenian)
lloj, type, tip, guy,
model (Albanian)
typus-i, a figure
on a wall
tukedri, tarut, darus
statue (Luvian)
figure [<Lat.
figura], type,
model [<Lat.
modus-i,
measure]
likeness, like,
[OE gel c,
similar]
tipa, Script
XA-30
tipe, Script R661
XS-3
tipes, Script R-6,
R106
10-70
piku, figure
(Basque)
sina, figurine, doll, Esri,
image, statue, shape
(Hittite)
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(used for magic
purposes),
constellation,
drawing, relief,
statue (in the
round), bodily
shape, etc.,
minûtu, figure,
limbs, counting as
an act, contingent
of soldiers, etc.,
šikittu, figure,
stature, appearance,
etc. (Akkadian)
x
x
³IBLE´, mountains in
Romania (Romanian)
x
deplexus-a-um,
clasping
x
Unknown
word, name of
Greek origin?
Latin,
Clasping?
Tiples Script FT-3
10-71
a tharraingt, to pull (Irish)
a tharraing, to pull (Scott)
i dynnu, to pull (Welsh)
tirare, to pull
(Italian);
tirer, to pull, draw
(French)
keshidan, ˆ¶ ·Š to
pull (Persian)
,
gaiq’vanos, to pull
(Georgian)
tal-ahh-, to draw,
draw out (Hurrian)
karµati, to draw,
“karµati, to pull
x
dalû, to draw water
from a well,
d lûtu, dilute,
drawing of water,
maš ru, to drag, to
tease cloth, etc.,
abû, to draw
water or wine, to
exhaust water or
wine from a well,
a tu, adj., drawn
(said of wine),
nas u, to pull,
pull out hair,
plants, eradicate,
etc., kasmu,
pulled, weeded,
šak ku, to pull
back and forth, to
string, to thread,
tighten, etc.,
šad du, to pull
taunt, stretch,
transport, drag
down, carry away,
etc., šâ u, to pull,
drag, exert oneself
(Akkadian)
x
huttiianna/huttiianni
/huittiianna/huittiianni,
¤
,
ciahnu , to pull
(Belarusian)
povu i, to pull
(Croatian)
ci¸gn¸ , to pull (Polish)
vilkt, to pull (Latvian)
a trage, to pull,
(Romanian)
vetää, to pull (FinnishUralic)
• ¦¹•”—ºª«, na
travíxei, to pull
(Greek)
» ¼€•, k’ashel, to
pull (Armenian)
për të tërhequr
për të tërhequr, to
pull (Albanian)
huett, huetti, huttie/a,
hoet/hoeti/hotie/a, to
draw, to pull, to pluck,
traho-here-xi
-ctum, to draw,
drag, pull
han/hn, haniie/a, to
draw water, ussiie/a,
usie/a, to draw curtians
open, sallanna/, to pull,
salana/salani, to pull,
drag, salai/sali, to drag,
pull someone from the
water, wars/warsie/a,
tiratu, to pull, haul
(Basque)
to draw [<OE
dragan], pull
[<OE pullian],
10-72
tir, Script Z969,
Z1789, K58,
TC46;
tiri, Script L38;
see
tra and Tirai, tiro
wars(i)nu, pull oneself
together, reconcile
oneself, lift the spirit,
refresh oneself,
huettiezzi, to pull
(Hittite)
x
x
Tyr-ieci-iectum,
rsenus
x
Tyrai, name,
Tyrsenus, son
of king Atys
Tirai, Script
AM-2
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10-73
navasainika„,
new soldier,
yuvan, young,
sainyah, soldier,
ma½a„, warrior
ýûnãm [ýavan],
youth, younng man
(Avestan)
javân ˆ ž¾ young,
sârbaz, ¿ÀÁ‰Â
soldier (Persian)
,
akhalgazrda
jarisk’atsi, young
soldier (Georgian)
maria=nni-,
charioteer,
xÅŒ•ŒÆ¢ ÇŒ•ÆŒ¡,
malady saldat, young
soldier (Belarusian)
mladi vojnik, young
soldier (Croatian)
møody Èoønierz, young
soldier (Polish)
jauns karav rs, young
soldier (Latvian)
tânÉr soldat, young
soldier (Romanian)
nuori sotilas, young
soldier (Finnish-Uralic)
x Ê©V ˦¹•¦«Ì¦ÍV,
néos stratiótis,
young soldier
(Greek)
€ -¬ Î Ï
- Я ,
yeritasard zinvor,
young soldier
(Armenian)
ushtar i ri, young
soldier (Albanian)
tiro-onis, iuvenis,
young
soldier, [<OFr. tiro (TIR²) Script
F-11
soulde, pay]
young, [<OE
geong] recruit
10-74
kµatri* [B kµatriye],
warrior, nobleman
(Tocharian)
maiantes, young man, to
become a young man,
become young again,
maiantadr/maiantan,
soldadu gaztea,
young soldier
(Basque)
hur-ade, warrior,
arÃÄ, young people,
children (Hurrian)
saighdiúir óg, young
soldier (Irish)
saighdear òg, young
soldier (Scott)
milwr ifanc, young
soldier (Welsh)
giovane soldato, young
soldier (Italian)
jeune soldat, young
soldier (French) ,
ašannu, soldier,
lik s ri, a type of
soldier, ardu,
soldier, servant,
follower, vassel,
subject of a king,
worshipper, atmu,
young small
animal, fledgling,
young man, ajaru,
young man
(Akkadian)
young adulthood, youth,
youthful vigor (Hittite)
servat, ÑÒ‰Ó wealth
(Persian)
,
simdidre, wealth
(Georgian)
›ddhi„, wealth,
possessions,
dhanin, wealthy
nkkassu, wealth,
estate, assets,
property, result (of
a mathematical
operation or
calculation),
account record,
accounting,
account, an
emblem of amaš,
mašrû, wealth,
prosperity, riches, a
descriptive name of
the date palm, of
Sirius, of
excrement, r š ,
wealthy person,
rašû, to come into
wealth, profit,
assets, real estate,
slaves, goods, to
obtain helpers,
auxiliaries, to
obtain, acquire,
have friends,
family,
descendants,
partners, take a
wife, to incure fear,
anxiety, distress,
etc., lalû, wealth,
wish, desire,
happiness, riches,
prime of life, etc.
(Akkadian)
ŽŒ¤Œ Ô,
bahaccie, wealth
(Belarusian)
bogatstvo, wealth
(Croatian) bogactwo,
wealth
(Polish)
bag“t ba, wealth
(Latvian)
bogatie, wealth
(Romanian)
rikkaus, wealth
(Finnish-Uralic)
saibhreas, wealth (Irish)
beairteas, wealth (Scott)
cyfoeth, wealth (Welsh)
ricchezza, oppulenza,
prosperite (Italian)
richesse, prospérité,
opulence, wealth (French)
¨Õ©§¦©V, ploútos,
periousia, wealth
(Greek)
ά¯Ö×Ø¯Ö Ù,
harstut’yuny,
wealth (Armenian)
pasuri, wealth
(Albanian)
aberastasuna,
wealth, fortune
(Basque)
Dis, Ditis, dis,
ditis [from dives],
rich, having or
containing or
bringing wealth,
ops-opis, power,
strength, help,
Ops, goddess of
wealth
#hapan, wealth, bargain,
to make a bargain
(Palaic)
Dis, Pluto, god
of the
underworld;
the
underworld;
bringing
wealth
richess [<OFr.
richesse]
sunatruant(i), rich in
outpourings (Luvian)
hapinant, rich,
10-75
happines, rich, to
become rich, hapinah, to
become rich, #hap-,
wealth, bargain, to make
a bargain, hapina,
hapinat, wealth
(Hittite)
Tis, Script Q433,
Q475, Z-5, Z206,
Z1337, Z1345,
TC150, F-4,
XB-13, XJ-8,
CP33
Tisim, Script
Z1153
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thweresaiti
[thwares], to cut
off, to destroy
(Avestan)
kharâbi, ÚÁ ‰Û
devastation, ruin,
xarob, Ü ‰Û ruined,
khâr,‡ÀÛ bramble
(Persian)
, ngreva, to
be in ruin
(Georgian)
arb tu, ruin,
devastation, flight,
rout, abt ti, ruins,
ab tu, destroy
buildings, objects,
lay waste, ruin a
region, namû, to
become ruined, lie
in ruins, be
abandoned, lay
waste, etc.,
karm tu, namûtu,
ruins, to fall into
ruins, abut, ruined,
decayed, mu,
n“œa„, ruin,
uccheda„,
devastation, ruin, ruined, to see the
vinip“ta„,
day of one’s ruin,
downfall, ruin,
destruction
d šu, destroy, to
trample upon,
thresh barley by
stomping on it,
damtu?,
pas s tu?,
tasri tu,
destruction,
abiltu,
destruction,
damage,
• ª •« ˪
•¦•Ë¦¹©–—,
na eínai se
Ž¢
• • ŒÝ,
katastrofí, to be in
by u ruinach, to be in
ruin (Greek)
ruin (Belarusian)
˜¯ ° Ѐ•¯Ö,
biti u propasti, to be in
kortsanvelu, to be
ruin (Croatian)
in ruin (Armenian)
by w ruinie, to be in
për të qenë në
ruin
shkatërrim, to be
in ruin, rrënim,
(Polish)
destruction,
a fi în ruinÉ, to be in ruin
rrënoja, ruins,
(Romanian)
(Albanian)
olla tuhoutunut, to be in
ruin (Finnish-Uralic)
ruina, ruin,
suntsitzeko, to
destroy (Basque)
a bheith ina ruin, to be in
ruin (Irish)
a bhith na thobhta, to be
in ruin (Scott)
i fod yn ddifetha, to be in
ruin (Welsh)
essere in rovina, to be in
ruin (Italian)
être en ruine, to be in ruin
(French)
dispereo-ire-li, to
go into ruin,
ruina-ae, ruin,
collapse,
downfall, falling
to ruins, etc.
to go to ruin,
[<Lat. ruina,
ruin] to be
undone,
catastrophe,
sudden
calamity,
disaster, [<Gk.
katastroph™],
kat [B keta], destruction, harry [<OE
hergian, to
kärµt“ [B kärst“-], to
raid, sack, to
destroy, cut off
disturb or
(Tocharian)
annoy by
constant
qã(n)-, to destroy
attacks],
(Lycian)
harass, [<OFr.
harnink->, hrgnu, deleo, harer, to
to destroy, harknu, to
disturb or
ruin, hargadr,
irritate
destruction, lawar(ia), to
despoil, pipa/pip, destroy, persistently, to
wear out,
to knock down, to tear
exhaust,
down, to overturn, to turn
up, to throw up, #hara,
enervate an
destroy, to pound (Hittite)
enemy by
repeated raids]
tisper, Script
Q475
Context:
ATIIERIE AÞ
TISPER: EIK:
CASA TIS:
Atigerie APH, I
am undone, in
ruin; I am cast
out, the house of
Dis.
10-76
ri i tu,
destruction,
devastatation,
naskpantu, ri u,
destruction,
devastation,
trampling,
šag šu, to be
ruined, to murder,
to be murdered, to
slaughter, etc.,
šulputu, ruined,
defiled, desecrated,
ša luqtu, ruin,
destruction,
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disaster,
catastrophe, šu û,
ruined?,destroyed?,
ruin, to destroy,
kigullu, place of
destruction?
(Akkadian)
xodâyi, divine, adj.
divya„, divine
x
x
x
ashrafi, Úß ‰
noble, aristocratic,
alha, Úåæ divine,
celestial (Persian)
,
ghvtaebrivi, divine
(Georgian)
x
x
x
猕©ì ¢,
ïaroðny, divine
(Belarusian)
boñanski, divine
(Croatian)
boski, divine (Polish)
dieviÃôa, divine
(Latvian)
divin, divine
(Romanian)
jumalallinen, divine
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
diu, adv. by day;
dius-a-um, divine,
god-like; fine,
noble, thus, in the
άР° Ø- ,
open air:
astvatsayin, divine dio-Dat. Single
(Armenian) hyjnor, dios-Acc. M. Pl.
divine
diva, N. Pl.
(Albanian)
divi, Gen. Single
õªö óV, the÷kós,
divine (Greek)
x
TITU, name (Romanian) x
x
x
Tities-ium &
Titenses-ium
Tities-ium &
Titenses-ium [m.
pl.], one of the
three original
tribes of Rome;
Titus-i,
Roman
praenomen; -o,
Dat. Single: "to,
for Titus"
x
diaga, divine (Irish)
diadhaidh, divine (Scott)
dwyfol-ion, adj. divine
(Welsh)
divino, adj. god-like
(Italian);
divin, adj. god-like
(French)
ciwvali, divine (Lydian)
god-like
siunal(a/i), divine one,
Siuniadr, Siunian, statue
of a diety, divine, consult
an oracle, Ariie/a
(Hittite)
10-77
x
Tities, one of
tite, Script DE-2
titem, Script
the original
tribes of Rome PK-3
10-78
x
name, Tito?
Tities-ium,
karvati, to drag,
draw, karµati, to
pull, karµati, to
draw, “karµati, to
pull, tear, bend (a
bow), draw
furrows, plow,
tug, extract, get
possession of,
overpower; vah,
vahati, -te,
conduct, carry
(esp. an
oblation), draw
wagon, guide
horses, cause,
present a
sacrifice
37 of 54
£Ô•Œ ¤
,
pieraciahnu , to drag,
¤
,
ciahnu , to pull
(Belarusian)
vu i, to drag, povu i, to
pull (Croatian)
vu"ca, ru'cica, to drag,
pull
(Serbo-Croatian)
tal-ahh-, draw, to
draw out (Hurrian) ci¸gn¸ , to drag, pull
(Polish)
vilkt, to drag, pull
dalû, to draw water (Latvian) traukt, to drag
(Baltic-Sudovian)
from a well,
d lûtu, dilute,
a trage, to drag, pull,
drawing of water,
TRAG, I pull, they pull;
maš ru, to drag, to TRAS, pulled, pulling
tease cloth, etc.,
(Romanian)
abû, to draw
raahata, to drag, vetää,
water or wine, to
to pull (Finnish-Uralic)
exhaust water or
wine from a well,
a tu, adj., drawn
ü«• • ˧¹ª¦ª, gia
na sýrete, to drag,
x • ¦¹•”—ºª«, na
travíxei, to pull
(Greek)
» ¼€•, k’ashel, to
drag, pull
(Armenian) të
tërheqësh, to drag,
për të tërhequr, to
pull (Albanian)
traho, trahere,
traxi, tractum, to
pull, drag;
tractus-a-um,
of speech, fluent,
flowing
tito, titu (TIT²)
Script N738
10-79
x
abbreviation
for Tini?
10-80
keside sodan, to
drag, keshidan,
ˆ¶ ·Š to pull
(Persian)
,
gadait’anet, to
drag,
,
gaiq’vanos, to pull
(Georgian)
tio, tiu (TI²),
Script M60;
tios, tius, (TI²S)
Script N738,
HJ-3, PL-10 (See
tie)
tiva (TYFA),
Script XJ-7
tivi (TIFI), Script
AM-6
a tharraingt, to drag, pull
(Irish)
a dhruim, to drag, pull
(Scott)
i lusgo, to drag, dragio, to
drag, tear, mangle
(Welsh)
trazione, pull, trascinare,
to drag, (Italian);
traction, pulling; tirer, to
pull, drag,traîner traîner,
to drag French)
huttiianna/huttiianni
/huittiianna/huittiianni,
huett, huetti, huttie/a,
hoet/hoeti/hotie/a, to
draw, to pull, to pluck,
han/hn, haniie/a, to
draw water, ussiie/a,
usie/a, to draw curtians
to pull, {<OE
pullian, drag,
draw [<OE
dragan], pull
violently,
breathe, draw
out,
10-81
TN, Script Z638,
Z1183, Z1359,
AN51, L26,
HA-1 ù see TiN
above
tra, ScriptN324,
N357, N428,
Q388, Q837,
R325, R511,
TC46, L15
tras, Script
Z1717;
tram, Script
Z190;
traks, Script
Z432;
trao, trav (TRA²)
Script Z272,
Z1080
tro (TR²), Script
N670, Q360,
Q376, Q784,
R195, R286,
G19, AP-1, L22
prefix, as in
TR²INFI)
Troinui, Trojan'?
trom (TR²M),
Script N700
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open, sallanna/, to pull,
(said of wine),
nas u, to pull,
pull out hair,
plants, eradicate,
etc., kasmu,
pulled, weeded,
šak ku, to pull
back and forth, to
string, to thread,
tighten, etc.,
šad du, to pull
taunt, stretch,
transport, drag
down, carry away,
etc., šâ u, to pull,
drag, exert oneself
(Akkadian)
salana/salani, to pull,
drag, salai/sali, to drag,
pull someone from the
water, wars/warsie/a,
wars(i)nu, pull oneself
together, reconcile
oneself, lift the spirit,
refresh oneself,
(Suffix of
pesentrum)
huettiezzi, to pull
(Hittite)
iv dadn, ˆ žæ to
betray, khayn, ÿÀÛ
betrayer, gir
andâxtan, low
dâdan, to betray
(Persian)
, ghalat’i,
betray (Georgian)
nad nu, to
surrender,
bh“þkµ „,
betray, apadiœ, to
point out,
pretend, betray,
hold out as a
pretext or
disguise,
to entrust a boat,
hand over, to hand
over a document,
an insigne, to
cause to hand over
(silver, goods, etc.),
to be sold, to do
business, etc.,
muštappitu,
muštaptu, adj.,
treacherous,
ÆŒ ©Æ • ÆŒ Œ¤ • Œ¤Œ,
davodzi da ahu‘naha, to
betray (Belarusian)
izdati, to betray
(Croatian)
zdradza , to betray
(Polish)
nodot, to betray
(Latvian)
a trÉda, to betray
(Romanian)
pettää, to betray
(Finnish-Uralic)
• ¨¹© ÌË ,
na prodóso, to
betray (Greek)
Ï Ð ! €•,
davachanel, to
betray (Armenian)
trado [transdo]
-dere-didi -ditum
bratach, to betray (Irish)
gu brath, to betray (Scott)
bradychu, to betray;
(Welsh)
tradire, to betray
(Italian);
trahir, to betray tromper,
to deceive, mislead,
betray (French)
te tradhetosh
te tradhetosh, to
betray (Albanian)
istu istu, to be exposed,
hand over,
give up,
surrender
[<OFr.
surrendre],
betray [<ME
betrayen]
trati, Script R89,
L15
10-82
mrsa, treachery (Hittite)
nullâtu,
treacherous talk,
malicious, foolish
talk, foolishness,
muštapt tu,
null n tu, aliptu,
treachery, d tu,
treachery,
dishonesty, ikiltu,
treachery, trick,
ruse (Akkadian)
trí, three (Irish)
trtIya, adj., the
third; adv.,
thirdly, for the
third time
thrây$, tishr$,
[thri], three, thrish,
thrice (Avestan)
se, %Â three
(Persian)
, sami, three
(Georgian)
kig(a), kig(e), three
(Hurrian/Urartian)
šal š, three,
šal š š, threetimes, into three,
for the third time,
¡•¢, try, three
(Belarusian)
tri, three (Croatian)
trzy, three
(Polish)
trys, three (Baltic
Lithuanian)
tr s, three (Latvian)
Trei, three (Romanian)
kolme, three (FinnishUralic)
¦¹ •, tria, three
(Greek)
€ €»Ù,
yerek’y, three
(Armenian)
tre, tri, three
(Albanian)
hiru, three
(Basque)
tr+, three (Scott)
tri, tair, three (Welsh)
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx tre, three (Italian)
trois, three (French)
tres, tria,
Nom. tres, tria (n.)
tri, traiy, three
Gen. trium
(Tocharian)
Dat. tribus
thri, three (Phrygian)
Acc. tres, tris (f.)
Abl. tribus
²oc. tres, tria (n.)
teri-, three,
trin-ae-a, three at
a time;
trppeme (?), three-fold,
(Lycian)
three [<OE
thri]
10-83
tre, Script N87,
N294, N453,
N469, N476,
N505, Q15, Q21,
Q29, Q40, Q46,
Q127, Q767,
R661, PQ-15,
Q813, R437,
R447, R521,
R596, R14, R113,
BT34
trei, Script Z74,
Z180, Z347,
Z1027
tres, Script Q376,
Q763, Z290,
Z872, Z945,
Z990 (see list of
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š lišu, adj., third,
šal šiju, third in
sequence, size ,
šalšu, one third,
šaluštam, third
time, šal šu, to do
for the third time,
šalšiš, adv., thirdly,
šullušiš, in three
parts (Akkadian)
numbers)
tri, ScriptN240,
N244, Q232,
Q239, L71 see
Triivper
below;
tria, Script Q551,
DE-8
trin, Script Z47,
Z197, Z897,
Z975,
Z1615
trinum, trinom
(TRIN²M),
Script
Z421, Z1183;
TRINeR, Script
Z622, Z638
trisu, thrice (Mylian)
tri, three, tria, third,
trian, at the third time
(Hittite)
triœšlam, trident
s>h dndanh, %† ¶† %Â
trident, tridentate
(Persian)
, sami
mkhare, threepronged spear
(Georgian)
¡•¢ ŽÔ ,
tryzubiec, trident
(Belarusian)
trozubac, trident
(Croatian)
trójz¸b, trident, herb
(Polish)
trident?, trident, tr s
pak“pju Ãô™ps, threepronged spear (Latvian)
trident, trident,
TRETIN, animal three
years old - frequently 3
years old horse
(Romanian)
¦¹ •« •, tríaina,
trident (Greek)
¬ -@¯Ö ,
tribuna, trident,
harpoon
(Armenian)
sfurk tridhëmbësh,
trident (Albanian)
tridens-entis,
trident
trident?, trident (Irish)
trident?, trident, tr+ sleagh
biorach, three-pronged
spear (Scott)
dryfer, gaff, trident
(Welsh)
tridente, trident (Italian)
trident?
treten, Script L55
10-84
trident, trident (French)
Trisnne? three-year-old
(Luvian)
trianali, third rank
functionary (Hittite)
kolmikärki, trident
(Finnish-Uralic)
âxshti, truce
(Avestan)
âtasbas, âsti, truce
(Persian)
, zavi, truce
(Georgian)
riksu, treaty,
agreement,
avah“ra, truce,
suspension of
arms
strap, sash, tie,
band, bond, joint,
ligament, bundle,
contingent of
persons, collection
of tablets, ritual
arrangement, rule,
regulation, edict,
decree, etc.,
nasiamu, peace
treaty, peace
agreement,
£Ô•ŒÆ¢\ Œ,
pieradyÃka, truce
(Belarusian)
primirje, truce
(Croatian)
rozejm, truce
(Polish)
pamieru, truce (Latvian)
armisti^iu, truce,
TREBUIE, must
(Romanian)
aselepo, truce (FinnishUralic)
ª ª`ª«¹ •,
ekecheiría, truce
(Greek)
Ï Ï ,
hradadar, truce
(Armenian)
armëppushim,
truce
(Albanian)
indutiae-arum;
truce; flagrum-i,
scourge, whip
tosaíocht, truce (Irish)
truas, truce (Scott)
toriad, truce (Welsh)
(Welsh)
tregua, truce (Italian)
trêve, truce; (French)
truce [<OE
treow]
10-85
RIKILTU, treaty,
treb, trev (TRE8),
Script N1, N324,
N505, N533,
N563, N607,
N638;
trebe, treve
(TRE8E), Script
N512
ishiulahh, to bind by
treaty (Hittite)
kittu-a’, m m tu,
ši irtu, to make a
treaty, kittu, treaty,
truth, justice,
loyalty, fidelity,
correctness, normal
state, truly, etc.
(Akkadian)
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azhish [azhi],
snake, a dragon
(Avestan)
mâr, ‡À• snake
(Persian)
, gveli,
, vepkhvi,
viper (Georgian)
nathair, snake, bréagán,
adder (Irish)
nathair, snake, adder
(Scott)
neidr, snake, gwiber-od,
viper, adder (Welsh)
serpente, snake, vipera,
viper (Italian);
vipère, viper, serpent,
snake (French)
asq du, snake,
nir u, a little
snake,
sarpa„, snake,
da|~aœuka„,
viper
ÅÔ , zmieja, snake,
, hadziuka,
viper (Belarusian)
zmija, snake, poskok,
mušma u, a
viper (Croatian)
mythical snake,
w , snake, zmija, viper
(Polish)
ulma u,
pu m u, a snake,
ska, snake, viper?
viper (Latvian)
allamtu, a snake,
arpe, snake, viper ,
a tree, a plant, a
viper (Romanian)
bird, a black stone,
käärme, snake,
probably basalt,
kyykäärme, viper
(Finnish-Uralic)
kupp , a snake,
eel-like fish, a bird,
f , ídi, snake,
, ochiá, viper
(Greek)
, odzy, snake,
, viper?
viper (Armenian)
gjarpër, snake,
nëpërkë, viper
(Albanian)
anguis, snake,
serpent, viper-ae,
viper, snake
serpens-entis,
serpent
ahm, clan
(Avestan)
meliat, ۥ nation,
creed, people, olk,
nazhâd, ‚ƒ„… race,
descent, phylum,
qbylh, †€‡ˆ‰ tribe,
tay h, clan, amily,
race, tribe, xândân,
Šƒ‹…Œ• clan, lineage,
stock, amily,
(Persian)
Tre Viper or
Treviper
(TRE8IPER),
Script Q442,
Q481
10-86
suge, snake,
serpent (Basque)
iluyanka,
iluyanka/ elyanku,
snake, serpent,
kur indu, a snake,
plates of armor, a
hatchet, napp tu, a
snake, a sieve,
šeleppû, snake,
turtle, irtu, female
snake, plant
(Akkadian)
j ti , tribe, caste,
race, nation,
kulam, amily,
clan, tribe, race,
ajam ra, o a
tribe or prince
r al [B ar klo], snake
(Tocharian)
snake, [<OE
snaca],viper,
serpent, [<Lat.
serpens]. name
o a devil,
"Three [o the]
Viper,";
Tuchulcha
MUŠ, snake (Hittite)
Ž••‘“, pliemia, tribe
(Belarusian)
pleme, tribe (Croatian)
plemi”, tribe (Polish)
cilts, tribe (Latvian)
TRIB, tribe; TRIBUL,
TRIBU, the tribe
(Romanian)
heimo, tribe (FinnishUralic)
tribus-us
xf•–—, f•–—, ylí,
tribe (Greek)
˜ ™ , ts’eghy,
tribe (Armenian)
is, tribe, klan
(Albanian)
treibhe, tribe (Irish)
treubh, tribe (Scott)
llwyth, tribe (Welsh)
tribù, tribe (Italian)
tribu, tribe (French)
tribe, clan
[<Sc Gaelic,
clann], a large
group o
relatives
trib (TRI8) Script
N268, R65
tribo (TRI8V)
Script N173
10-87
triv, trib (TRI8),
klan, clan, tribu,
tribe (Basque)
, klani, clan,
,
,
t’omis, tribe
(Georgian)
ibru, tribe, clan,
*ra’su, tribal chie ,
l mu, clan, amily,
damu, kin, lesh,
lesh and blood,
meat, ominous
sign, etc., kimtu,
kin, asmily,
qinnu, clan,
amily, kinsman,
lair, nest o a bird
or snake, illatu,
clan, kinship
group, cohorts,
crew, army, host,
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troops (o the
enemy), donkey
caravan, collegium,
pack o dogs, š ru,
kin, lesh, meat,
ominous sign, etc.,
ta ûtu, kin olk,
entourage
(Akkadian)
bagatelle, tr le,
k ipati, to tri le,
waste away,
tucchat ,
triviality
nachyz, š‡›Œ… tri le
(Persian)
,
ts’vrilmani, tri le
(Georgian)
x œ •“ ž,
drobiaŸ, tri le
(Belarusian)
sitnica, tri le (Croatian)
drobiazg, tri le (Polish)
s kums, tri le (Latvian)
leac, tri le (Romanian)
torttu, tri le (FinnishUralic)
x¡¢ –¢£ ¤¢,
sachlamára, tri le
(Greek)
¥¦§ ¨©ª,
manruk’, tri le
(Armenian)
gjë e vogël, tri le
(Albanian)
tricae-arim
disgleirdeb, brightness,
golau, light, asiwn,
radiance (Welsh)
luminosità, brightness,
leggero, light,
luminositsplendore,
radiance (Italian)
luminosité, brightness,
lumière, light, éclat,
radiance, (French)
e-m®, bright, clear
(Hurrian)
ujjvala , bright,
shining, lustrous,
luminous,
prabh , radiance,
d pti , brilliancy,
lustre
nam ru, to have a
light color, to
diminish, to be
discredited,
ridiculed, n ru,
light, ire, lamp,
bright spot?,
qallu, light,
o low standing, o
little value, small,
ew, young,
qâdu, to light, set a
ire, to kindle, etc.,
q d tu, lighting (or
lit ires),
tricis, Script
J13-7
gile, brightness, solas,
light, lonrúil, luminous
(Irish)
sneachda, brightness,
solas, light, lùths,
radiance (Scott)
(Georgian)
nannaru, (as
poetic term, an
epithet o the moon
god and ¯°tar),
luminary,
tri les, [<OFr.
tru le,
trickery],
something o
little value,
vexation,
troubles
10-88
roshan, ŠŒ«•¬‚
bright (Persian)
,
sik’ashk’ashe,
brightness,
radiance,
,
ganateba,
illuminate,
,
msubuki, light,
nimru, n ru, light,
bualadh, tri le (Scott)
treiZ, r¯e (Welsh)
tartu o, tri le (Italian)
bagatelle, tri le (French)
±²•³´³³ , sviecicca,
luminous, ±²“µ• ,
sviatlo, light,
±²“³´•ž¶ ±³ž,
sviaci·nas¸, radiance
(Belarusian)
svijetao, luminous,
svjetlo, light, sjaj,
radiance (Croatian)
¹wietlny, luminous,
lekki, light, blask,
radiance (Polish)
gaismas, luminous,
gaisma, light, spo-ums,
radiance, l pas, torch
(Latvian)
luminos, luminous,
uºoar , light, str lucire,
radiance (Romanian)
valoisa, luminous,
valo, light, (FinnoUralic)
f»¼½ ¾ó¿, oteinós,
luminous, f»¿,
os, light,
¢À¼ ¾ Á – ¢,
aktinovolía,
radiance Greek)
¨©Ã¦ ¨ , lusavor,
luminous, ¨©Äà ,
luysy, light,
¦ÄŦƨ©ÇĨ©§,
paytsarrut’yun,
radiance
(Armenian)
që shkëlqen,
luminous, dritë,
light, ndriçim,
radiance
(Albanian)
Lyokat, it dawns,
iubar-aris,
beaming light,
radiance, a
heavenly body,
esp. the sun; lux,
lucis, light,
daylight, iuba-ae,
mane, crest;
Iuppiter, Jovis,
Jupiter, the
Roman
supreme god; sub.
love, in the open
air.
cok (n.a.) [B cok], lamp
(Torcharian)
misriwes, bright, to
become ull (said o the
moon), misriwadr,
brightness, ullness, lope,
light, luk, light, to light,
dawn, lukk, to get light,
luke/is, to become light,
lukkanu, luknu, to
make light,
three o the
light;
luminous
[<Lat. lumen,
light] [<OE
lÈoht]
Triivper or Tri
IVPER, Script
N240, N244,
N247, Q232,
Q239; see
Note (6)
10-89
laluke/isnu, to give light,
illuminate,
#lukkái, to light, shine,
laluke/is, to light up,
make luminous,
lalukima, light source,
laluke/isnu, to give light,
illuminate, laluke/is, to
become luminous, lope,
light, wantema/
namirtu, lightness,
brightness,
nablu, ball
lightning?,
meterological
phenomena, lame,
wantewantema,
lightning, glowing o the
sun, wantiwant(a),
lghtning? (Hittite)
mušanmirtu,
lighting device,
lamp, izišubbû,
lightning stroke,
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miqittu, lightning,
stroke o lightning,
mis ortune,
epidemic,
down all, de eat,
death among
animals, dead
animals, corpses
(o soldiers), ruins,
etc. (Akkadian)
x
sebarâbar, segâne,
setâyi, triple
(Persian)
, samjer, to
triple (Georgian)
Ž µœ ´³ž,
patroi¸, to triple
(Belarusian)
da triple, to triple
(Croatian)
potroi¸, to triple
(Polish)
tr sk rt, to triple
(Latvian)
pentru a tripla, to triple
(Romanian)
kolminkertaistaa, to
triple (Finnish-Uralic)
¾¢ ¼¤ É–¢¡ ¢¡¼½ ,
na triplasiasteí, to
tripple, triplos,
triplasios,
triplasiazo, triple
(Greek)
Ʀ ¦ÊË ,
yerrapatkel, to
triple (Armenian)
për të tre ishuar, to
triple, tripalësh,
tripjesësh, triple,
(Albanian)
triplus-a-um,
three old,
triple
chun triple, to triple
(Irish)
gu trì- hillte, to triple
(Scott)
i driphlyg, to triple
(Welsh)
triplice,. three old,
triplicare, to triple
(Italian);
triple, adj. triple;
tripler, to triple
(French)
to triple?
[<Lat. triplus]
a name,
Tripler
tripler, Script
R150
10-90
Trppeme?, three- old
(Lycian)
Trisu, three times
(Luvian)
triple, trpple, three times
(Hittite)
¹ok kula,
mourn ul, sad,
vi aÌÌa,
dejected, sad,
¹ok vaha, sad,
sorrow ul
ghamgin, ͇ÎÏÐ sad
(Persian)
,
samts’ukharo, sad
(Georgian)
hic=uh=o/ul-,
sadden (Hurrian)
adru, adirtu,
idirtu, sad, dark
(Akkadian)
x
x
x
vipatha , path,
road, way,
r japatha, street
x
x
x
jâdde, Ö‚Œ× road,
khiyâbân, ŠŒØŒ‡•
street, râh , path
(Persian)
, gza,
way, road,
,
kucha, street,
, bilik’i,
path (Georgian)
arhu, road, path,
harr nu, to take
the road or path,
girru, road, path,
highway, trip,
±Ñ‘¶Ò, sumny, sad
(Belarusian)
tu-an, sad (Croatian)
smutny, sad (Polish)
skumji, sad (Latvian)
TRIST, sad (Romanian)
surullinen, sad (FinnishUralic)
x
–•ÉÓ£Ô¾ ¿,
lypiménos, sad
(Greek)
ÊÕ¨© , tkhur, sad
(Armenian)
i trishtuar, sad
Albanian)
tristis-e, sad,
dismal, orboding,
harsh, bitter
brónach, sad (Irish)
brònach, sad (Scott)
trist, sad, sorrow ul,
dole ul (Welsh)
trute, sad (Italian);
triste, sad (French)
klopiññ-, to express
sorrow (Tocharian)
harsh [<ME
harsk, o
Scand. orig.],
dismal [<Lat.
dies mali, evil
days], sad
[<OE saed]?
tris, Script Q376
10-91
krsi/krsai, harsh,
astringent (Hittite)
troikos, Troy
(Greek)
Trous, Trois,
Troicus, adj.
Trojan
Troianus-a-um;
Tros, Troia,
Troiades, Troicus
x
Trojan
True (TRFE),
S-50
10-92
Trojans
Troinvi, Truinvi
(TRVINFI),
Script AP-6
TROIANI, Trojans
(Romananian)
troikos, Troy
(Greek)
x
troikos, Troy
(Greek)
Troianus-a-um;
Trous, Troius,
Troicus;
Troas-ados
x
Troini, Trojans Troitae
(TRVITAE)
10-94
Script XE-3
œ , daroha, road,
²Ñ•´³ , vulica, street
(Belarusian)
cesta, road, ulica, street,
staza, path (Croatian)
Droga, road, ulica,
street, ¹cie ka, path
(Polish)
ceÙ°, road, path, iela,
street (Latvian)
DRUM, road, way, path,
strad , street, cale, path
(Romanian)
tie, road, katu, street,
x ¤ó£ ¿, drómos,
road, street,
£ ¾ É ¼,
monopáti, path
(Greek)
Ú¦§¦ ¦ Û §,
chanaparhin, road,
,
p’voghots’, street,
€, ughin,
path (Armenian)
rrugë, road, street,
way (Albanian)
via-ae, road, street
platea-ae, street,
semita-ae, path,
way,
trames-itis,
ootpath, path,
callis-is, ootpath,
mountain track,
pass, hill pastures
bóthar, road, sráide, street
(Irish)
road, [<OE
r d], path
[<OE pæth],
street [<LLat.
strata < Lat.
sternere, to
extend], way
[<OE weg,
road]
x
10-93
rathad, road, sràid, street
(Scott)
ordd, road, stryd, street
(Welsh)
strada, road, street
(Italian)
trom (TRVM)
N700
(su ix o
pesuntrum, pesun
trum = paesano,
country resident,
road?)
10-95
route, road, rue, street
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journey, raid,
expeditionary
force, etc., ribu,
sû, street, rib tu,
street, main street,
thoroughfare, su,
straight path,
course, way,
conduct, m taqu,
street, walkway,
thoroughfare,
passage, arr nu,
to take the road,
mašda u,
processional road,
procession, lu,
road, m teqtu,
road, advance
march, mard tu,
road, course, way,
stage, distance
between stopping
places, mard tu, in
b t mard ti, road
station,
(Akkadian)
polku, path (FinnishUralic)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1E.html
(French)
errepide, road,
cale, street, bidea,
path (Basque)
hrua, road (Luvian)
#harawa, road,
palsas, road, plsa, road,
path, campaign, journey,
caravan, occasion,
palsiiahh, to set on the
road (Hittite)
klus, ryssiu,
to trot (Belarusian)
za kavu, to trot,
dhoritakena y ti,
to trot
yvrtmh,
to
trot (Persian)
,
samts’ukharod, to
trot (Georgian)
,
ryssiu, to trot
(Belarusian)
kasati, trot, amble
(Croatian)
køusowa , to trot
(Polish)
rietot, to trot (Latvian)
a alerga, to trot, trep da,
trot, fidget (Romanian)
Trotille, to trot (FinnishUralic)
, na
tréchei, to trot
(Greek)
,
dzgtelu hamar, to
trot (Armenian)
për troto, to trot
(Albanian)
gradus-us, a step,
a pace
chun trot, to trot (Irish)
gu trot, to trot (Scott)
i drotio, tuthio, to trot
(Welsh)
trottare, to trot (Italian);
trotter, to trot, run
about; trottoir,
footway, footpath
(French)
to trot [<OFr.
trotter]
10-96
tsala, to trot (Hittite)
trotan, trutan
(TRVTAN),
Script Z1345;
trotum, trutom
(TRVTVM),
Script Z1337
Note: Like the
Trojans, the
Etruscans were
known for their
horsemanship
gúna, gown (Irish)
chrqh,
gown,
robe, mantle, cloak,
roda, ۥ gown,
robe (Persian)
, t’oga,
, k’varti,
robe (Georgian)
aššijanni,
decoration sewn on
a garment
(Hurrian)
, gown,
vasanam, robe,
dress, cloth,
vaste, to dress
all ru, palâmu, a
fine garment,
abarniu, ašeratu, a
kind of garment,
adaha, a kind of
garment (Egyptian
word),
ašlû, a piece of
apparel, garment,
adamu, adammu,
adumu, a red
garment, ag , agiu,
aribû, aštuzzu,
atuplu, all nu
various garments,
‚ƒ„…ƒ†,
sukienka, gown
(Belarusian)
haljina, gown (Croatian)
suknia, gown (Polish)
kleita, gown (Latvian)
kleita
rochie, gown,
rob , tog , toga, gown,
vestment (Romanian)
puku, gown (FinnishUralic)
gùn, gown (Scottt)
gwn (gynau), gown
(Welsh)
toga, gown, toga
(Italian);
toge, gown, toga, robe,
gown (French)
‡ó ˆ , fórema,
gown (Greek)
‰ , hagust,
gown (Armenian)
fustan, gown
fustan (Albanian)
aŠ‹uk, garment
(Tocharian)
toga-ae, a white
woolen upper
garment
kisma/im, woolen
garment, masia, silk
garment (Hebr. maesi,
silk), garments, masiasi,
plahsa, a garment,
sariwasba, a garment,
waspant, a garment,
shroud for wearing, uess,
wes/wase(a), dress, to
be covered (Hittite)
toga, gown
[<Lat. gunna,
fur robe]
10-97
toca, tuca
(TVCA),
Script N21,
Q500,
Q521, R474,
Z903;
toce, tuce
(TVCE),
Script Q183,
Q717,
R542;
toces, tuces
(TVCES), Script
Q388
toci, tuci (TVCI),
M85
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dapsû, ar ru, a
garment or cover,
uzzi, a linen
garment, kus tu, an
elaborate garment,
na laptu, outer
garment (worn by
soldiers and as
festive apparel),
wrap, facing,
coating, etc.,
(Akkadian)
bardâshtan, •Ž• € •
to remove,
gereftan, •Ž‘ “ to
take, catch, capture
(Persian)
,
amoighon, to
remove,
,
ts’aighe, to take
away (Georgian)
a bhaint, to remove, a
thógáil, to take (Irish)
a thoirt air falbh, to
remove, a ghabhail, to
take (Scott)
i gael gwared, to remove,
mudo, to move, remove,
cymryd, to take (Welsh)
togliere, to remove, take
away, prendere, to take
(Italian)
retirer, to remove enlever,
take off, abduct, prendre,
to take (French)
dekû, to remove,
move troops into
battle, etc.,
duppuru, to
remove an object,
to absent oneself,
etc., nesû, to
remove, to recede,
move away, etc.,
navagrahaŒ, to
take
” •†–—˜™,
vydali , to remove,
‚›œ˜™, uzia , to take
rêqu, to remove,
(Belarusian)
to keep something ukloniti, sklanjati, to
away, to become
remove, uzeti, to take
lost, to recede, to
(Croatian)
depart,
usuwa , to remove, bra ,
to take (Polish)
raqû, to remove
no•emt, to remove,
oneself, to hide,
•emt, to take (Latvian)
conceal, run away,
a sterge, to remove, a
lua, to take, TOCILAR,
* ušu, in
grinder, person who
ušumma ep šu,
grinds; TOCILA,
to remove, to take
or the like, ramû,to grinder (Romanian)
untie, to release, to poistaa, to remove,
become weak, to
ottaa, to take (Finnishloosen, to become
Uralic)
soft, slacken, to
forsake, to
abandon, to
neglect, to drop, to
let go, to reject, to
suspend, to set free,
to permit, allow,
ž
‡
Ÿ ,
gia na afairésete,
to remove.
¡, na pareis,
to take (Greek)
¢ £¤ ,
herrats’nel, to
remove, ¥ £¤ ,
verts’nel, to take
(Armenian)
për të hequr, to
remove, për të
marrë, to take
(Albanian)
amoveo -movere
-movi -motum; se
amovere, to
depart; togula-ae
a little toga,
capio-ere, cepi,
captum, to take,
catch, seize,
captures, umo-erepsi-ptum, to take,
take up, ca
entsa- [B e¦k-], take for
oneself, grasp
(Tocharian)
la/lala, la(la), da, to take
(Luvian)
to remove
[<Lat.
removeomovere -movi
-motum], take
away [<ON
taka]?
tokla, tukla
(tvkla),
Script Z1417;
tocler (tvcler),
Script
R140
peda/ped, par p§da->,
take somewhere, to carry, 10-98
to transport; to spend
(time), pittenu->, arha
d -, to take away,
p hute-> to take away,
lead away, lalata, to
take away in a ritual,
d ->, dah/ta, to take,
karpiie/a, karp, to take
away, pluck, pick
(Hittite)
petû, to remove
from office, to
remove to a
distance, to open a
door, a gate, open a
road, etc.,
ukkušu, adj.,
removed,
dismissive,
refusing,
(Akkadian)
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dhá, two, tabhair, to give
(Irish)
dhà, two, a thoirt seachad,
to give (Scott)
dau, dwy, two; dodi, to
put, place, lay, give, i roi,
to give (Welsh)
due, two, dare, to give
(Italian);
deux, two, donner, to give
(French)
do, ¨€ two, dâdan,
©€ € to give
(Persian)
, ori, two,
, mitsema,
to give (Georgian)
kilall n, two,pair,
both, ap lu, to give
satisfaction, satisfy
a legitimate
demand, as su, to
give information,
to remind, worry,
etc., gam ru, to
give in full, be
settled, to finish, to
use up, etc.,
duva, two,
dad ti, to
bequeath, give
kullumu, to give,
give an order,
grant, to offer to a
god, to instruct,
etc., nad nu, give,
to be given, to
make a payment,
offer a gift, to give
a result, discuss,
etc., q su, adj.,
given as a present,
granted, as a votive
gift (Akkadian)
tahammol kardan,
©€ ° ±²³´ to
tolerate (Persian)
,
moitmens, to
tolerate (Georgian)
abhi¯ah, to
tolerate, pardon,
allow
d rû, enduring,
everlasting,
perpetual, durable,
lasting, lab ru, to
endure, to prolong,
to live long, to live
to an old age, to
last, to last a long
dadon, they gave,
(Phrygian)
•”†, dva, two,
•†”†˜™, dava , to give
(Belarusian)
dva, two, dati, to give
(Croatian)
dwa, two, dawa , to give
(Polish)
divi, two, dot, to give
(Latvian)
du, two (BalticLithuanian)
Dou , two, DOI, two,
DOUA, second, pentru a
da, to give (Romanian)
kaksi, two, antaa, to give
(Finnish-Uralic)
wu, wi, two, y- [B ay-],
to give (Tocharian)
ª«¬, dýo two, ¬
ª- ¡, to na
díneis, to give
(Greek)
® , yerku,
, tal, to give
(Armenian)
dy, two, te japesh,
to give (Albanian)
duo-ae -o, two;
do, dare, dedi,
datum, to give
two? offer,
grant [<OFr.
creanter, to
twa/i, two, pai pi(a), to
assure],
give (Luvian)
bestow
twi, two, #da-, to give,
[<ME
dayuga, yearling,
bestowen],
(Da=two+iuga=yearling), devote [<Lat.
devoveo
vovere
NAD NU>, to give,
vovi votum],
give [<OE
pai/pi, piie/a,
piana/piani, tpipisa,
giefan],
pia, to give, to pay, to
to pay [<Med.
grant, to hand over,
Lat. pacare
(Hittite)
<Lat. pax,
peace]
10-99
˜œ µ„˜™,
ciarpie , to tolerate
(Belarusian)
tolerirati, to tolerate
(Croatian)
tolerowa , to tolerate
(Polish)
a TOLERA, to tolerate,
to permit (Romanian)
sietää, to tolerate
(Finnish-Uralic)
¬ˆ ,
na anéchomai, to
tolerate (Greek)
¤¶ · ,
handurzhel, to
tolerate
(Armenian)
për të toleruar, to
tolerate
(Albanian)
tolero-are
a fhulaingt, to tolerate
(Irish)
gus fulang, to tolerate
(Scott)
i oddef, to tolerate,
goddeff, to bear, suffer,
endure, abide, allow, let,
tolerate, permit (Welsh)
tollerare, to tolerate
(Italian);
tolérer, to tolerate,
allow, suffer, endure, bear
(French)
käl- [B käl-], endure,
to carry, bear,
endure [<Lat.
induro-are, to
make hard],
sustain,
support, keep
up, tolerate,
10-100
toe, tue (TVE),
Script
Q74
toia (TOIA)
Script XJ-22
toie (TOIE)
Script XM-7
to pay [<Med.
Lat. pacare <Lat.
pax, peace]
See also TINeS,
Z439, Z572,
CA-1, TINIR,
PL14, TINiRS,
Z522, :to ring, or
to give?
tol, tul (TVL),
Script
Z84, Z180,Z190,
Z214, Z347,
Z378,
Z1027, Z1040,
Z1430, Z1813;
tolo, tulo
(TVLV),
Script N194;
tolera, tulera
(TVLERA),
Script Au39;
TOLeRAN,
TULeRAN
(TVLeRAN),
Script Z1797
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time, to make last a
long time, to last
long, to prolong, to
keep going,
suffer (Tocharian)
(Akkadian)
[-, aem], then, but,
and, at,
adha [-], adv.,
thereupon, thus,
now, then, adhât [-],
thereupon,
afterwards; from
that place; thence;
there, in that place
(Avestan)
pa‹c t, then,
afterwards,
thereupon,
sam dhiŒ, tomb
bexâk sepordan, to
bury; banâye
¿¬, to, then, À †Á…—˜†,
yâdgâri, sotune
yâdgâri, monument, hrabnica, tomb
(Belarusian)
zatim, then, grob, tomb
baad, ¸¹• then,
(Croatian)
ârâmgâh, º»¼½ •¾
tomb, burial place
nastÂpnie, then, grób,
(Persian)
tomb
, mashin,
(Polish)
then,
,
tad, then, kapenes, tomb
saplavi, tomb
(Latvian)
(Georgian)
apoi, then,
mormânt, tomb, grave
(Romanian)
annitt n, then, this
then, an mišu,
then, thereupon,
mu u, adv.,
thereupon, upper
part, topside, top of
the head, skull,
alone and with,
over, on top, prep.,
on this account, in
this respect,
gima
sitten, then,
hauta, tomb (FinnishUralic)
ansin, then, tuama, tomb
(Irish)
an uairsin, then, uaigh,
, épeita,
tomb (Scott)
tum; then, at that
then, thereafter,
yna, then, bedd-au-i,
time; tumeo-ere,
afterwards,
grave, tomb, sepulcher
to swell, be
thereupon,
(Welsh)
swollen, be puffed
poi, then ; tumulare, to
up, be pompous;
ó , tote, then;
bury; tomba grave; tomo,
sepelio-pelireo pio kontinos,
volume (Italian)
pelivi and peltiǬ¡, táfos, tomb,
alors, puis, then; tombe,
peltum, to bury,
ÄÃÅÆ, thabo,
tomb; tome, tome;
ruin, destroy;
thávo, bury
enterrer, to bury (French)
partic. sepultus,
(Greek)
buried, sunk,
Ç , apa, then,
immersed;
È ¤,
sepulcrum-i,
gerezman, tomb
antu¯ (adv.), thereupon,
tomb, grave;
(Armenian)
tumulus-i, mound afterwards (Tocharian)
atëherë, then, varr,
of earth, hillock,
xupa-, tomb (Lycian)
tomb, varros, to
hill, esp. a
entomb tumè,
sepulchral mound apiya, abia, then, there,
mound (Albanian)
then [<OE
thenne], at that
time, next,
thereupon;
tomb, grave
[<OE graef];
bury [<OE
byrgan]
tom, tum (TVM)
Script Z1352,
Z1623, Z1641;
see Note (8)
See also, TAFOS
(TAFVS), XA-5
10-101
epnte, thereafter (Hittite)
u, tomb,
kim u, tomb,
grave, naqbaru,
tomb, burial place,
(Akkadian)
va‹Ékaroti, to
subdue, vijayate,
to subjugate
µ†•µ† †•ƒ†”†˜™,
padparadkava , to
subdue (Belarusian)
podle i, to subdue
(Croatian)
ujarzmi , to subdue
(Polish)
laq tu, to subdue,
pakËauties, to subdue
take away byforce,
(Latvian)
to gather, to
collect, to glean, to pentru a supune, to
subdue (Romanian)
pick up, to gather,
heikentää, to subdue
to plunder, strip a
house, to gather
(Finnish-Uralic)
little by little, to be
destroyed,
muni u,
subduing
adversary, who
ram kardan, Ê •¾
©€ ° to subdue
(Persian)
,
damorchileba, to
subdue (Georgian)
Ì ¬ ÃÍ ,
na ypotáxei, to
subdue (Greek)
€,
yent’arkvel, to
subdue
(Armenian)
për të nënshtruar,
to subdue
(Albanian)
domito-are,
subdue, break in,
to tame
domitus-us,
taming
a chur faoi bhráid, to
subdue (Irish)
gus a thoirt seachad, to
subdue (Scott)
i ddilyn, to subdue
(Welsh)
sottomettere, to subdue
(Italian)
assujettir, to subdue
(French)
to subdue
[<Lat.
subducere, to
withdraw],
break in, to
tame
tomota
(TVMVTA)
Script PG-6
10-102
menperatzeko, to
subdue (Basque)
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overpowers,
subdues,
šuqammumu,
subdued, to
become still, to
fall silent, *sapu,
subdue, to silence,
etc. (Akkadian)
raad, ¸Î• thunder,
tondar,
âsmânqorres,
thunder, lŒn •³Ï
tone (Persian)
•
, kukhili,
thunder,
,
t’oni (Georgian)
garjati, stan,
stanati, thunder,
roar, sound;
stanita,
thundering,
thunder, svaraŒ.
tone
addu,
thunderstorm,
storm, šag mu, to
thunder, to
resound, to roar, to
buzz, etc., š gimu,
thundering, roaring
(Akkadian)
À ¬Ð, hrom, thunder,
¿¬…, ton, tone
(Belarusian)
grmljavina, thunder, ton,
tone (Croatian)
grzmot, thunder, ton,
tone (Polish)
p§rkona negaiss,
thunder,
sign ls, tone (Latvian)
tunet, thunder,
TUNA, to thunder;
TUNÑM, we thunder;
TUNET, thunder; TUNI,
you thunder, ton, tone
(Romanian)
ukkonen, thunder, sävy,
tone (Finnish-Uralic)
toirneach, thunder,
ton, tone (Irish)
tàirneanach, thunder,
tòna, tone (Scott)
taranu, to thunder,
fulminate; ton-au, tune,
tone (Welsh)
tuono, tonare,
to thunder, tono, tone
(Italian);
tonnerre, thunder,
ton, tone (French)
Å ¬ Ò, vrontí,
bronti, thunder,
ó ¬¡, tónos,
tone (Greek)
Ç Ç, amprop,
tono -are -ui
thunder,
¤ ¥,
-itum, to thunder
tonov, tone
(Armenian)
bubullimë,
thunder; ton,
tone (Albanian)
Trqqnt, storm-god
(Lycian)
Tarhuant/Tarhunt,
Tarhunt, Tarhuntsa,
storm-god,
Tarhunti, of the
storm-god (Luvian)
to thunder
[<OE thunor],
make a loud
noise, to
thunder forth,
tone
10-103
tethesr/tethesn,
tethima, thunder,
tith, tetha/teth,
tethiie/a, to thunder,
harsiharsi,
thunderstorm,
ton, tun (TVN),
Script Z1553,
Z1832;
tona, tuna
(TVNA),
Script Au82,
Aph29;
tonam, tunam
(TVNAM), Script
Z327, Z551,
Z776,
Z1417, Z1423,
Z1444, Z1647,
Au38
tone, tune
(TVNE),
Script DL-1;
toni, tuni (TVNI),
Script Q139
FELTVNE,
Script D-1; See
Note ( 2)
Tarhuna, storm-god,
(Hittite)
cinasti [cit], to
think, be informed,
to know, to regard
(Avestan)
driyate, dR,
driyate, regard,
respect, mind, be
regardful
towards;
rak¯ , rak¯in, to
watch, protect,
guard,
sthiradÓ¯Ôy
nirÉk¯yate, to
gaze
negâh kardan, º»¼Õ
©€ ° to regard,
tavajjoh, Ö×´
regard, khyrh
negâh kardan, º Ø
©€ ° º»¼Õ to gaze
(Persian)
,
daatvalieres, to
watch over,
,
ganikhilos, to
regard, ‚
,
mzera, to gaze
(Georgian)
dâlu, to watch,
watch carefully,
â u, to watch
over, to take care
of, to explore,
penetrate into,
survey, examine,
investigate, to
search, trace, to
weigh out, pay, to
trace, a’ u,
watchful, (said of
gods and demons),
inspector, spyhole,
et ku, watchful, to
be alert, diglu,
†Ù ˜™ ›†, saÚy za, to
watch over, y
•†Ù …„……— •†, u
daÚynienni da, to regard,
À–œ•›„˜™, hliadzie , to
gaze (Belarusian)
pratiti, to watch over,
uzeti u obzir, to regard,
pogledati, to gaze
(Croatian)
czuwa , to watch over,
uwaÛa , to regard, gapi
siÂ, to gaze (Polish)
budet, to regard (BalticSudovian)
skatÉties t l k, to watch
over, uzskatÉt, to regard,
paskatÉties, to gaze
(Latvian)
s priveÜti, to watch
over,
a lua în considerare, to
regard, s priveasc , to
gaze (Romanian)
katsella, to watch over,
huomioon, to regard,
tuijottaa, to gaze
(Finnnish-Uralic)
ž
ݬެÌÄÒŸ¬Ì ,
gia na
parakolouthísoun,
to watch over,
¬ Ä Æ ÒŸÆ, na to
theoríso, to regard,
-ßÆ, atenízo,
to gaze (Greek)
¶ã
,
ditelu hamar, to
watch over, gaze,
hashvi arrnely, to
regard,
(Armenian)
për të parë, ia ngul
sytë, to watch
over, gaze, mbroj,
për t'u marrë
parasysh, to
regard (Albanian)
begiratzeko, to
regard, zaintzeko,
to watch over
(Basque)
tuor or tueor,
tueri, tuitus and
tutus; and
tueo-ere; regard;
torreo, torrere,
torrui, tostum, to
burn, parch, dry
up, turris-is,
tower,
Chun féachaint air, to
watch over, gaze, Maidir
leis, to regard (Irish)
Gus coimhead thairis air,
to watch over, Gus
beachdachadh, to regard,
airson sùil a thoirt air, to
gaze (Scott)
i wylio drosodd, to watch
over, i ystyried, to regard,
edrych (edrychyd), to
look, behold, gaze,
inspect (Welsh)
guardare oltre, to watch
over, a riguardo,
riguardare, vt. to regard,
fissare, to gaze (Italian)
surveiller, to watch over,
regarder, to regard, gaze
(French)
to watch over,
regard [<OFr.
regarder], to
look at;
consider,
mind,
respect; to
burn
[<OE beornan
and baernan],
scorch, dry up
unknown,
käŠs-, to recognize
(Tocharian)
aurila, auridla, guard,
hanta, hantas,
regarding, for the sake
of, haliie/a, to watch
over (Hittite)
10-104
tor, tur (TVR)
Script Z190,
Z1352, Q297,
Q303, Q805;
tora, tura (TVRA)
Script Z164,
Z1243, Z1846,
Z1869
tore, ture
(TVRE), bull,
Voc. Single,
taure, Script Z582
tores, tures,
(TVRES)
bull, Dat., Abl.
pl. tauris, N. ,
Gen. turris, tower,
Script N216
tori, turi (TVRI),
bull, n.. pl. tauri,
tower, Dat., Abl.
single, turri,
Script Z500;
toro, turo
(TVRV),
Script AK-1,
Q286;
TOROPa,
TUROPa
(TVRVP), Script
N31 å probably
TVR VP; see VP;
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gaze, eyesight,
sight, wish, mirror,
object looked
upon,ni lu, gaze,
glance, look,
eyesight, etc.,
pal su, to gaze at,
to show, to look
favorably upon,
etc., na’ du, to
watch, watch
carefully, to be
worried, etc.,
na ru, to watch a
person, to keep
watch , to keep
watch for celestial
phenomena, to
guard, na ru, adj.,
watched, secret,
safe-guarded,
protected,
ma artu, watch,
watchhouse, guard,
garrison, post,
strong room,
defenses of a city,
etc., ma aru,
watch, watchman,
guardian, garrison,
an earthworm,
eja, watchtower,
or fortified building
(Akkadian)
daxma [-], grave
(Avestan)
gur, grave, borj,
tower (Persian)
khaÔÔaŒ, aTTala,
tower, sam dhiŒ,
grave, vapra,
mound, hill,
garta, hollow,
cave, ditch,
grave; a water
hole; rAzistha,
standing in a
heap, heaped up;
zilAcaya,
heap of stones,
mountain
, k’oshk’i,
tower,
,
saplavi, grave,
,
mrgvali, mound
(Georgian)
dimtu, siege tower,
fortified area,
as tu, tower on city
wall, n maru,
p tu, tower,
qabru, qubûru,
grave, m tu, in b t
m ti, grave, aštu,
grave, hole, pit,
kim u, grave,
tomb, gurunnu,
heap, mound
(Akkadian)
Script see
alternate
meanings of tor...
below
”„æ†, vieça, tower,
ІÀ—–†, mahila,
grave, ƒ‚ À†…,
kurhan, tumulus
(Belarusian)
toranj, tower, grob,
grave, humka,
tumulus (Croatian)
wieÛa, tower, grób,
grave, mogiøa,
tumulus
”„æ†, vieça, tower,
ІÀ—–†, mahila, grave,
ƒ‚ À†…, kurhan,
tumulus (Belarusian)
toranj, tower, grob,
grave, humka, tumulus,
cairn, cairn, (Croatian)
wieÛa, tower, grób,
grave, mogiøa, tumulus
(Polish)
turmas
tornis, tower, kapa,
grave,
tornis, tower, kapa,
grave, kapkalns,
tumulus (Latvian)
turn, tower, mormânt,
grave, tumul, tumulus
(Romanian)
torni, tower, hauta,
grave, hautakumpu,
tumulus (FinnishUralic)
« ž¬¡, pýrgos,
tower, Ǭ¡,
táfos, grave,
«ˆÅ¬¡, týmvos,
týmbos, tumulus
(Greek)
ê
® varr,
ashtarak, tower,
È ¤,
gerezman, grave,
ì ¶ È ,
buldozer, tumulus
(Armenian)
kullë, tower,
varr, grave, kodër,
tumulus, tumë,
mound (Albanian)
larri, grave,
hilobia, tomb,
tumulu, tumulus,
mendixka, mound,
dorrea, tower
(Basque)
cumulo-are, heap
up, pile up,
increase, to
crown;
sepulcrum-i,
grave, tomb
turris-is, tower,
tumulus-i, mound
túr, tower, uaigh, grave,
gcarn, heap, cairn,
cairn(Irish)
tùr, tower, uaigh, grave,
tubaist, tumulus, crann,
heap, càrn, cairn, (Scott)
twr (tyrau), tower, bedd,
grave, garnedd, tumulus,
cairn, cairn (Welsh)
torre, tower, steeple;
tomba, grave, tumulo,
tumulus (Italian)
tour, tower; tombe, fosse,
grave, tumulus, tumulus
(French)
kuccat k [B kucat k],
tower (Tocharian)
grave [<OE
graf], tower
[<Gk.
tursis, tower],
heap of ruins,
barrow [<OE
beorg]
tomb [<Gk.
tumbos],
cairn, [<ME
carne, of
Celtic origin] ,
mound
10-105
alternate meaning
of:
tor, tora, tore,
tores,
tori, toro
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Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases with Ind...
x
x
x
ï‡ ¬ª- ð,
Aphrodite (Greek)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1E.html
Venus
x
Turan, a
goddess
connected
with
Heracles and
Tinia. Her
symbols are a
staff with a
pomegranet
and she rides
on a swan. She
is identified as
Aphrodite
(Venus).
Toran, Turan
(Tvran) M-8,
Divine
_Mirror.html;
DM-1, CB-1,
OB-3, MG-5,
AC-12, CK-4,
CAC-1, DA-4,
DR-2, DS-2,
LM-1, CBE-1,
CBL-2, CBZ-2
see Note (7)
10-106
kÓntati, to spin,
tarkuŒ, tarkuÔÉ,
spindle
tanidán, •Øñô to
spin, weave, twist,
spyndl,? õ¸öØñô
spindle (Persian)
,
dat’rialeba, to spin
(Georgian)
dar ru, to spin
(Akkadian)
x
janasam"haŒ,
janasaMmarda,
throng of people,
crowd;
mahAgaNa, a
great multitude
or crowd;
saMgha, a band,
company, crowd;
gaNa, crowd,
troop, host, tribe,
flock, series,
sainik Πor
sainy Œ, troop,
forces, army,
y"tham,
collection,
multitude
Agni
x
ƒ†Á µ—…†, kab spina, to
spin, ÷µ—…•›„–™,
špindzieü, spindle
(Belarusian)
vrtjeti, to spin, vreteno,
spindle (Croatian)
krÂci , to spin,
wrzeciono, spindle
(Polish)
spin, v§rpt, to spin,
v rpsta, spindle
(Latvian)
a invarti, to spin,
toarce, spin, TOARCE,
he/she spins,
INTOARCE, he/she
turns, ax, spindle
(Romanian)
pyþriä, to spin, kara,
spindle (FinnishUralic)
x
jamiyyat, $ع²Ö
crowd, daste, Žô€
troop, army, band,
soluqi, fesâr
dâdan, to crowd
(Persian)
, eria, ˆ
,
jari, troop
(Georgian)
…†¿¬%µ, nato&p, crowd,
”¬* ƒ—, vojski, troop
(Belarusian)
guçva, crowd, Úeta,
troop (Croatian)
tlum, crowd,
stado, troop (Polish)
p"lis, crowd, karasp§ks,
troop (Latvian)
mul@imea, crowd,
dak ku, crowd, to mul@ime, throng, trupe,
troop (Romanian)
crowd about, to
väkijoukko, crowd,
romp, ašarittu,
troops, crack troops joukko, troop (Finnish(Akkadian)
Uralic)
x
x
x žÌ -ŸÆ,
na gyríso, to spin
(Greek)
ƒ„ … €,
shtapel, to spin,
†…‡ , spin,
spindle
(Armenian)
te rrotullosh, to
spin, gisht, spindle
(Albanian)
biraka, to spin
(Basque)
!¬Ì - ¬,
Touríno, Turin
(Greek)
torqueo,
torquere, torsi,
tortum, to twist,
wind, curl,
wrench, to distort,
to hurl violently,
whirl, to rack,
torture, torment,
plague, try, test;
tortus-a-um,
twisted, crooked,
intricate, fusus-i,
spindle
Torce Fel
Sueitus, name
of haruspex;
also on a
mirror
to spin? [<OE
spinnan],
spindle [<OE
spinel]
torce (TVRCE)
Script HA-2,
DE-6
Note 14.
10-107
sitar, spindle (Luvian)
malk/mlk, to spin
(Hittite)
Túrín, Turin (Irish)
taurinus-a-um, of Turin, Turin (Scott)
Turin, Turin (Scott)
or like a bull;
Torino, Turin (Italian)
Augusta
Taurinorum, Turin
Turin, Turin (French)
ÞÒĬ¡, plíthos,
crowd, ¬ˆÃª ,
omáda, troop
(Greek)
ì Yã¤,
ambokhin, crowd,
È
Y ì\,
zorakhumby, troop turm-ae; Mercury
(Armenian)
(Gk.^ ˆ`¡
turmè, throng,
Hermes, )
crowd, grup, trupa,
troop (Albanian)
Tropa, troop,
taldeko, group,
jendetza, crowd
(Basque)
^ ˆ`¡ Hermes
(Greek)
chun casadh, to spin,
fearsaid, spindle (Irish)
gus snÿomh, to spin,
spindle? spindle (Scott)
i gychwyn, troelli, to
spin, rindyn, spindle
(Welsh)
girare, to spin, mandrino,
spindle (Italian)
tourner, to spin, broche,
tige, spindle (French)
slua, crowd, plód, crowd,
press, trópa, troop (Irish)
sluagh, crowd, feachdan,
troop (Scott)
dorf, torf -eydd-oedd,
crowd, multitude,
gang, horde, mob,
concourse, troedwyr,
troop (Welsh)
torma, crowd, truppa,
troop (Italian)
foule, crowd, troupe,
troop (French)
krop [B krewpe, kraupe]
crowd, heap, herd, flock,
okrop, in a crowd?
(Tocharian)
people of
Turin,
Italy?
10-109
a troop [<OFr.
trope] of
calvary, a
squadron; any
troop, throng
[<OE thrang],
group [<It.
gruppo, Gmc.
origin]
Torines, Turines
(TVRINES),
Script
AL-15
torm, turm
(TVRM), Script
TC231; See also
TVRMVS,
Script CCE-1,
TVRMS, Script,
CC-3, CM-3,
CV-1, CBT-2,
Hermes
10-109
kula, tuzzi, an army,
KARAŠ, troops,
DUMU.NITA, army,
pngu, pngau, multitude,
the people, the masses,
assembly, advisory body
of the king, (Hittite)
Mercury
x
Hermes,
Greek
messenger of
the gods
Turms (TVRMS)
Script CC-3,
CM-3, CV-1
10-110
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vanya, savage,
ghoraŒ, grim,
fightful,
horrible,
vanargu, adj.
wandering in a
forest or a
wilderness, a
savage; hiMsra,
adj., harming,
malicious, a
savage or cruel
man
vahshi, {|}¨
savage, zalm, ~Ï»•
grim (Persian)
‰
,
ch’irveuli, savage,
,
sashineli, grim
(Georgian)
dannu,savage,
reliable, massive,
legitimate,
dangerous, great,
grave, fortified,
fierce, binding, etc.
(Akkadian)
•›—ƒ‚…, dzikun, savage,
›Ð ¬Ù… ,
zmroÚny, grim
(Belarusian)
divljak, savage,
mrgodan, grim
(Croatian)
brutalny, savage,
ponury, grim (Polish)
sav ds, savage,
slikts, grim (Latvian)
s lbatic, savage,
r u, grim (Romanian)
raivoisa, savage,
synkkä, grim (FinnishUralic)
Þ ¬¡, agrios,
savage, ÅÞ¬ŸÌ ó¡,
vlosyrós, grim
(Greek)
,
ch’aragorts,
,
khaytarrak, grim
(Armenian)
i egër, savage, i
zymtë, grim
(Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1E.html
torvus-a-um,
savage, grim,
fierce; miseria-ae,
wretchedness,
unhappiness,
distress
basatia, savage,
sombria, grim,
lehor, dry, grim
(Basque)
g tram, trunk,
body, kalevara,
the body; svagga,
one's own body;
satanu, adj.,
embodied, along
with the body;
sudeha, a fine
body
l nu, body, figure,
appearance, stature
of persons, self,
person, body, size,
shape,
configuration of
objects, almu,
figurine (used for
magic purposes),
constellation,
drawing, relief,
statue (in the
round), stature,
likeness (in
transferred
meanings),
talammu , torso,
trunk (Akkadian)
, tors, torso
(Belarusian)
torzo, torso (Croatian)
tors, tuøów, torso, trunk
(Polish)
rumpis, torso (Latvian)
trunchi, torso
(Romanian)
torso, torso,
vartalo, body, figure,
trunk, torso, stem
(Finnish-Uralic)
‰Š‹ŠŒ, ladan, incense
(Belarusian)
dhƒpa„, incense,
tamjan, incense
incense, perfume, khvzm, …†‡ˆ
(Croatian)
incense, xosbu
smoke, vapour;
kadzidøo, incense
kardan, suzândan,
dhuma, smoke,
vapour, incense;
to incense (Persian) (Polish)
dhupay,
v•raks, incense (Latvian)
,
dhupayati, to
int’ensiuri, incense tŽmâia, incense
besmoke,
(Romanian)
(Georgian)
fumigate,
suitsuke, incense
perfume, incense
(Finnish-Uralic)
ahri, incense,
ahr=u=šhe, incense
user (Hurrian)
ó
,
kormós sómatos,
torso (Greek)
€,
brrunts’k’, torso
(Armwnian)
bust, torso
(Albanian)
enborra, torso,
soin, torso, trunk
(Basque)
truncus-i, trunk of
the body;
pectus-oris,
breast, heart, soul,
mind; turus-i,
any round
proturberance; a
muscle, a bed,
sofa, a marriage
couch, a bier,
a mound; fig. an
ornament;
torso, torso (Irish)
torso, torso (Scott)
dorso, torso (Welsh)
torso, torso, trunk
(Italian);
torse, torso (French)
kap•añi, body,
a‚uk, a‚ƒk, wide, broad
body (Tocharian)
torso [<It.
torso], trunk,
bust [<It.
busto]
intsentsua, incense
(Basque)
tuus-a-um, posses.
pron. of the
second pers. sing.
thy, thine, your;
tus (thus) turis,
incense
tors, turs (TVRS),
Script N184
10-112
sisai, mahrai/mohrai,
body part of animals
(Hittite)
•• ‘
•• ‘
,
thymíama, incense
(Greek)
, khunk,
incense
(Armenian)
aromë, temjan,
incense (Albanian)
torov, turov,
(TVRV8), Script
N-1
10-111
tanu [-], body,
person (Avestan)
tane, torso,
body, trunk, corpus
(Persian)
, t’orsi,
torso (Georgian)
side, body
(Urartian)
edi, ed(i)-, body,
person, self
(Hurrian)
saibhir, savage (Irish)
saoghail, savage (Scott)
saethus, savage (Welsh)
selvaggio, savage, torvo,
truce, grim, stern, surly;
miseria, misery (Italian)
sauvage, savage, brutal,
sinistre, grim, misère,
misery (French)
savage [<Lat.
silvaticus, of
the woods]?
miser,
miserable,
unhappy,
wretched,
causing
distress or
discomfort
incense, incense (Irish)
tùis, incense (Scott)
arogl-darth, incense
(Welsh)
incenso, incense,
incensare, to incense
(Italian)
encens, incense
(French)
incense,
[<LLat.
incensum],
thy, thine,
your?
tos, tus (TVS)
Script
Z1013, Z112,
N404, N417,
N435, N469,
R334
THvS (QvS),
Script M32
tus (TFS) Script
Z-5
10-113
tose, tuse
(TVSE),
Script N324,
K136
lubbun?, ûqat ru,
lubbunû?, qat ru,
z bu, incense,
maqtaru,
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nignakku, š tu,
incense burner,
censer, qutr nu,
incense censer,
qat ru, to make
an incense offering,
to fume incense, to
cause something to
smoke, to make
somber, dejected,
etc., muššakku,
incense used for
libanomancy
(Akkadian)
kavtah kardan •– ‡—
˜™›— to shear,
tarâšidán, ˜œ•žŸ› to
shave, sorfe, ›¡
to cough (Persian)
‰ , shech’ra,
to shear, Š
,
gap’arsva, to shave,
, khvela, to
cough (Georgian)
lun ti, to shear,
cut, mu“”ayati,
to shave with a
razor, kSauraM
kR, to shave;
vap, vapati, -te,
to shear, shave
hair or beard,
trim nails, shear
crop, cause to
shear or
to be shorn,
k sa„, cough
gaz zu, to shear
sheep and goats,
g zizu, shearer,
gizzu, shearings,
gizzu, in b t gizzi,
shearing shed,
a u, cought (as
a disease), slime,
spittle, a û, to
cough up,
gu ubu, to
cough,
¢ £¤£, zruchu, to shear,
¥Š‰¦§¨, hali©, to shave,
ªŠ«‰¬§¨, kašlia©, to
cough (Belarusian)
na smicanje, to shear,
obrijati, to shave, kašalj,
to cough (Croatian)
•cina©, to shear, goli©
si-, to shave, kaszle©, to
cough (Polish)
b•d•t, to shear, skƒties, to
shave, klepot, to cough
(Latvian)
la forfecare, to shear,
TUNS, shearing, cu, a se
bŽrbieri, to shave, a tusi,
to cough, TUSE, cough
(Romanian)
leikkaukseen, to shear,
ajella, to shave, yskiä, to
cough (Finnish-Uralic)
ga u, gan u,
gu u, coughing
fit, retching, gag
(Akkadian)
x
x
x
® ¯° ±•²‘, na
diatmitheí, to shear
xyrizo, xyrizomai,
xyrisma, shave,
³´µ¶, vícho, to
cough (Greek)
·¸¹º¸» ¼ ½ ,
sheghvelu hamar,
to shear, ¼ ¾, haz,
to cough
(Armenian)
për të qethur, to
shear,për të qethur
rruaj, to shave, për
të kollitur, to
cough (Albanian)
tondeo, tondere,
totondi, tonsum,
to shear, shave,
clip; mow, reap,
prune, browse on,
fleece a person,
tussio-ire, to
cough
zizaila, to shear,
moztu, to shear,
mow, sever,
bizzara egitea, to
shave (Basque)
x
a lomadh, to shear,
a shave, to shave, chun
cough, to cough (Irish)
gus cladhach, to shear,
a 'feuchainn, to shave, gu
casadaich, to cough
(Scott)
i dywallt, to shear,
cneiffio, to shear, fleece,
clip, poll, i arllwys, eillio,
to shave, razor, i peswch,
to cough (Welsh)
a tosare, to shear, radere,
to shave, tossire, to cough
tosse, cough (Italian)
pour cisailler, tondre, to
shear, se raser, to shave,
tousser, to cough (French)
to shear [<OE
sceran], shave
[<OE sceafan]
to cough
[<ME
coughen]
tose, tuse
(TVSE),
Script N324,
K136
10-114
wali, adj., shaven?
(Hittite)
Tusci-orum,
x
Tuscus-a-um,. adj.
the Tuscans,
Etruscans,
inhabitants of
Etruria, the
language of
the Etruscans,
Rasna, "Tusk"
Tusk (TVSK),
Script N112
10-115
sakala, total,
dah'yunãm
[dah'yu], country,
people, land;
paourva [-]
Š¥£‰¨Œ¿,
ahuÀny, total, £ Á, usie,
entire, all (Belarusian)
cely, adj. entire;
® à , sýnolo,
total, ̗ ̱ ,
olókliros,
olókliros, entire,
tutus-a-um, totius,
toti, totius, so
many times
tute, safely, in
Iomlán, total, ar fad,
entire, go léir, all (Irish)
iomlan, total, gu lèir,
entire, tuath, peasantry,
entire [<Lat.
integer],
whole
[<OE hal],
tuta (TVTA),
Script
N41, N173,
N491, N513,
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before; first, at
first; full, entire
hama [-], all, vîspa,
everything, whole,
entire, all (Avestan)
kamel, ÆÇ–— total,
perfect, complete,
farnam, …–È entire,
harne, ÈÉ all,
hamâyi, entire
(Persian)
hema, whole
(Kurdish)
ˆ
,
saerto jamshi, total,
, mteli,
whole, entire, total,
‹
, q’vela, all
(Georgian)
šui(-ne), all, every,
šue-, šummi, all,
whole (Hurrian)
country people (Scott)
cyfanswm, total, cyfan,
entire, llwyr, adj. entire,
complete, total, i gyd, all
(Welsh)
totale, total, intero, entire,
tutti, tutto, all (Italian)
entier, entire, tout, whole,
all (French)
*gummuru, adj.,
total, kimirtu,
total, sum,
uvies, usia, usio usie,
entire, all, every
(Belarus)
ukupno, total, Êitav,
gamr tu,
ammatu, upšu, entire, svi, all (Croatian)
ceo, potpun, sav
up , totality,
kÄtsna,
celina, whole
samagra„, entire,
gimru, totality,
(Serbo-Croatian)
sarva„, all,
caøkowity, total, caøy,
whole, entire, all,
all, universe,
entire, wszystko, all
everyone,
(Polish)
akhilaM, akhila; expenses,
pastipas, complete,
azeSa, no
remainder, entire, gamartu, gamirtu, visai, entirely; pilnas,
totality,
whole; adv.
whole (Baltic-Sudovian)
entirely, wholly; termination,
kop , total, viss, entire,
all, everything,
visi, all (Latvian)
gimirtu, totality,
bahusaÅkhya,
total, total, întreg,
whole, armie's
numerous
entire, TOATE, entire f.
main force,
pl., all of them; TOATË,
entire - f. TOÌI, all them
kullatu, nagbu,
totality, all,
(Romanian)
kaikki yhteensä, total,
pu ru, totality,
koko, entire, kaikki, all
(Finnish-Uralic)
army, contingent,
collegium,
assembly, council,
group, all,
óÃ , óla, all
(Greek)
Í Î ½¸ Í,
yndameny, total,
½ ¹Ï
,
amboghjakan,
entire,
» Íi,
bolory, all
(Armenian)
total, total, i tërë,
entire, të gjithë, all
(Albanian)
guztira, total
(Basque)
safety
teuta, people, tribe
(Illyrian)
pont, puk entire,
(Tocharian)
tuta, an army (Lycian)
tuzzi, army, h mant-, all,
each, every, pngu,
pngau, all, complete,
entire, dapi, dapiant, all,
every, each, altogether,
total [<Lat.
totus], all
[<OE]
10-116
N543, N598,
N615, N647,
N676, N711,
Ð342, Ð433,
Ð475
tutas (TVTAS),
Script N11, N41
tute (TVTE),
Script N139;
tuthi (TVQI),
Script M38, M60
tuthio (TVQIV)
Script M38, M60,
M74
h mantes, all (Hittite)
kiššatu, all totality,
entire inhabited
world (as a
politico-religious
term,
kišš tu, totality,
physical strength,
might, power,
ru, totality or the
like, mit arta,
adv., totality,
š r, totality,
thirty-six hundred
(Akkadian)
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x
x
Tude V,
(Gr k)
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s
x
x
y s, Gr k
h ro kill by
th s r
Amphiaraüs
U E(
E),
Script CI-2
10-117
pâsbân, g ar ,
g ar ian, watch,
tamâshâ kar an,
to watch,
p y an, to prot ct,
watch (P rsian)
, atsva, to
g ar , prot ct,
‹
, q’ r ba,
to watch
(G orgian)
andullu, andillu,
prot ction, cov r,
canopy, dâlu, to
watch car f lly,
na ru, to b
prot ct , control,
to r strain, k p an
oath, k ps
som bo y n r
g ar , tc.,
gopAy, -yati &
-yat , to g ar ,
prot ct, k p
s cr t, sh lt r;
trA, trAyat ,
trAt (-ti), to
prot ct, sh lt r,
r sc from; pA,
pAti, to prot ct,
watch, sh lt r,
f n ,r l ,
gov rn; rakS,
rakSati, -t , to
prot ct, g ar ,
k p, sav from,
tak car of
,
lamassu, in aw l
lia abarony, to g ar ,
lamassi, ivin ly
prot ct,
,
prot ct p rson,
hlia zi €, to watch
l cky, lamassu,
(B lar sian)
prot ctiv spirit,
• vati, to g ar , gl ati,
tc., lamassatu,
to watch, zaštititi, to
prot ctiv spirit,
prot ct (Croatian)
na ru, a j.,
prot ct , watch , chroni€, to g ar ,
s cr t,
prot ct, ogl‚ a€, to
saf -g ar ,
watch (Polish)
apsarg t, to g ar ,
n iru, a j.,
skat ti s, to watch,
prot cting, g ar ,
aizsarg t, to prot ct
(Latvian)
i nu, utnu,
a pƒzi, to g ar ,
prot ction,
a s ita, to watch,
kidinnu,
p ntr a prot ja, to
prot ction, ivin
prot ction, ivin ly prot ct (Romanian)
nforc s c rity,
vartioi a, to g ar ,
tc., kidinnû, a j., katsoa, to watch,
prot ction,
s oj lla, to prot ct
(Finnish-Uralic)
p rtaining to
kidinnituxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
prot ction,
„… †u‡ˆ‰,
na fyláo, to g ar ,
„… d‰, na o, to
watch,
Š‹ Œ•…•e ‰,
prostat vo, prot ct
(Gr k)
Ž••‘“”• ••–•—,
pah l hamar, to
g ar , ˜™›‘“,
Dit l, to watch,
Ž•œ›Ž••‘“,
pashtpan l, to
prot ct
(Arm nian) p r t
r ajt r, to g ar ,
për të parë, to
watch, t mbrosh,
to prot ct
(Albanian)
bab st , to prot ct,
zaintz ko, to g ar
(Basq )
t tor-ari, an
t to-ar , to watch,
g ar , prot ct,
g ar against,
k p,
t tor-oris, a
prot ctor,
g ar ian,
prot go -t g r
-t xi-t ct m, to
cov r in front, to
cov r ov r, prot ct
ch n gar a, to g ar ,
ch n féachaint, to watch,
a chosaint, to prot ct
(Irish)
g ìon, to g ar , a bhith
a 'coimh a , to watch, a
hìon, to prot ct (Scott)
i warcho , to g ar , i
wylio, to watch,
am iffyn, to f n ,
prot ct, cons rv (W lsh)
a g ar ia, to g ar ,
g ar ar , to watch,
prot gg r , to prot ct
(Italian)
gar r, to g ar , r gar r,
to watch, protég , to
prot ct (Fr nch)
zr t ne/i-, prot ctor
(Mylian)
, pa, to prot ct (L vian)
pahhas->, pahš-, pahhašpahsi, pahhas, pahs,
pahsnu, #pahši, to
prot ct, graz , f n ,
tak car of, to b
watchf l, k p p opl
saf , aurila, auridla,
g ar , pra hantantadr,
provi nc of a
prot ctiv
ity (Hittit )
to prot ct,
g ar
[<OFr.
g ar r]
against, watch
[<OE
wa ccan],
ilig nt [<Lat.
ilig r , to
lov ]
t tin (
IN),
Script Z656 (L.
t to-, In . Pr s.
3r P rs. pl.
t tant)
t to (
O)
Script XB-30
t to (
)
Script N160 ,
Script N160;
10-118
puzru, prot ction,
r f g , sh lt r,
s c r t way, tc.,
kitru, in b l kitri,
prot ctor,
napištu, in b l
napišti, prot ctor,
lif -giv r, on who
has a right to
v ng anc ,
rê’û, prot ctor,
sh ph r ,
h r sman, a bir ,
gall bla r,
kur bu,
non-h man
prot ctiv g ni s,
ill lu, prot ction,
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cov r, illu,
prot ction,
lik n ss, awning,
sha of tr , a gis,
tc., ul lu,
prot ction provi
by a go or king,
canopy, sh , tc.
(Akka ian)
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Notes to Indo-European Table Part 10:
English word Dictionary and English word origins from "The Concise American Heritage Dictionary,"
Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1987.
Latin Dictionary mainly used, Cassell's, Latin-English, English-Italian Dictionary, Collier Books, MacMillan
Publishing Co., NY, 1963
Italian Dictionary, Mondadori's Italian-English, English-Italian Dictioanary, Pocket Books, Simon &
Schuster, NY, 1961
French Dictionary, Larousse's French-English, English-French Dictionary, Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster,
NY, 1971
Other dictionaries from online sources that have come and gone, as it were.
* Some Hittite words from www.utexas.edu.; Most of the Hittite vocabulary is adapted from Lia Pena,
https://www.academia.edu/35508624/Hittite_English_Dictionary.docx. uploaded 3.06.18; Hittite words with #,
from: https://thevore.com/hittite/ (1/30.19)
Avestan words from: http://www.avesta.org/avdict/avdict.htm#dctc
Tocharian words were obtained through various online sources; however, we owe thanks to the following for
enabling new additions in our current edition>: a dictionary recently uploaded to academia.edu: A
Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A Vol 1: Letters a-j, By Gerd Carling In collaboration with
Georges-Jean Pinault and Werner Winter.
Persian words are mainly from https://glosbe.com/en/fa/
* All ETP numbers from http://etp.classics.umass.edu/
(1) See Indo-European Table for decum, "ten." This may be the word ten.
(2) Feltvne (name of a god, the great thunder; see the Divination_Lesson.html, mirror from Tuscania. Note
that the suffix "e" in tvne relates to a masculine god. Fel is translated as "great."
(3) A key tounderstanding the use of the vowel suffix for masculine and feminine is in the pronoun, ta, te, Te,
ti, tu (tv)
(4) The Tarquins are an Etruscan gens that founded Rome. This short script on the Divination Lesson.html is
important to the establishment of some grammatical rules, as this refers to Tarkonos (Tarkvnvs). The text
reads as follows: to Feltone (Feltvne) they augur ( ocern, vcern = L. auguro-are) the liver (fiaul = Fr. fole [m];
It. fegato [m]; L. iecur-iecoris-and iocineris) of Tarquin (Tarkonos, Tarkvnvs) rar lr, the rare / extraordinary
(L. rarus-a-um) of [the household god] god, lr = LaR (L. lar-laris [m]); i.e., "Before the god Veltune they
augar the liver of Tarquin the great of god." Click here To view Tarquinia, the Etruscan city named after
Tarquin the Great.
(5) Here we have a passage in script "N" that identifies Ager Uni (aker [L. ager, agri, land] vni) in the
preceeding phrase; then begins, ": tota tarina te." It repeats, tri8v tarina te tvrs kvm: Uni is the supreme
female diety (Latin Juno), a consort of Tini (Latin Jupiter, Greek Zeus). We can see in the
Divine_mirror.html that Ralna is Tini's consort in the story of the birth of Helen of Troy. Ralna is a goddess
depicted in the Divine_Mirror.html with a goose to her left. The mother of Helen in Greek myth is Leda, who
was married to the Spartan king Tyndareüs. She was not the real mother of Helen, since she was delivered a
goose egg either by a shepherd or by the messenger of the gods, Hermes. Leda hatched the egg and reared the
gossling as her own. The chick grew into the most beautiful woman in the world, married to Agamemnon's
brother, Menelaüs. King Tyndareüs ceded his throne to Menelaüs. Helen was abducted by their friend from
Troy, a prince named Paris, son of king Priam. Paris was their house-guest when King Menelaüs had was
called away to attend his maternal grand-father's funeral (his name was King Catreus) in Crete. While her
husband was away, Paris stole both Helen and her household treasures, taking them home to Troy. This
caused the launching of Agamemnon's fleet of a thousand ships and the consequential ten-year-long Trojan
war. Helen's real mother was the goddess Nemesis whom Zeus chased to Crete. She changed into many forms
to avoid him, finally, as a goose; but Zeus changed into a swan, after which he caught her and raped her.
Nemesis is the goddess of retribution for evil deeds or undeserved good fortune viewed as the resentment
aroused in men. She is said to be the daughter of Nyx (night). We can see in the story of Helen of Troy (queen
of Sparta) how her beauty turned out to be a nemesis for that age, about 1,200 B.C. (See Hesiod, Theogony,
223-224; Apollodorus 3.10.7; Hyginus, Poetica Astronomica 2.8, and Pausanias 1.33.2-8, 7.4.2-3.)
(6) According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, connected with the rite of Jupiter was the worship of three
dieties in one temple, including Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, (Greek: Zeus, Hera and Athena) and this, the
resource claims, is a practice the Etruscans shared. Both Zeus and Jupiter were identified as the carriers of
light and lightening and thunder were their main weapons. Their names are identified with the root diu,
"bright." Tini is identified with thunder and lightening, and Etruscan hauruspicis would divine, reading
lightening bolts, the flight of birds and livers.
(7) Turan, as depicted in the Divine_Mirror.html, the story of Helen of Troy, appears with the attributes of
Aphrodite (Roman Venus), who was born from the genitals of Uranus when they were thrown into the sea.
Aphros in Greek means "sea foam," in which she was born and cast up on the shores of Cyprus. Her symbol,
the pomegranate, signifies that she is a fertility goddess, and her son is Eros (Roman Amor or Cupid) who is
shown as a winged, naked boy with a bow and gold-tipped arrows. Many of his activities involving the
arrangement of love affairs were mischievous, but he was worshipped as a god of love and loyalty among
men. In any event, as Paris' reward, Aphrodite caused the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen, to fall
in love with Paris of Troy. She offered this as a reward to him who had been invoked by Hera, Athena and
Aphrodite to judge which of them was the fairest. Hera promised to make Paris the ruler of the world,
Athena vowed that he would always be victorious in war, and Aphrodite promised him the love of the most
beautiful woman in the world. Paris chose Aphrodite's prize. And that started the Trojan war. In the
Divine_Mirror.html Heracles is involved with the presentation of what appears to be Eros to Tini a mystery
at the moment. There are two versions of the birth of Eros, and perhaps a third being told by the
Divine_Mirror.html. Eros (Love) existed from the begining, with Ge (Earth), Tartarus (a place of darkness
below the earth an anvil would fall for nine days to reach it) and Chaos. Another version accounts
Aphrodite as the mother father unknown but perhaps his father was Heracles (who had liaisons with
godesses and woman), at least in the Etruscan mirror.
(8) The verb, to bury, may lead us into some old Indo-European cognate having to do with the way the early
Indo-Europeans of the steppes buried their dead. that has to do with mound burials. The burials, also known
as dolmens, where the soil has gone away that had originally covered the crypt covered the north eastern
and north western shores of the Black Sea, the Crimea, Troy and Turkey, Thessaly, Illyria (Albania), Etruria,
the Iberian Peninsula, the French Atlantic coast, the British Isles, and parts of northern Germany, Holland,
etc. And in the Far East we find the mound burials again, among the Tocharians in the Altai mountains,
along the Silk Road. The Tocharians included red-headed individuals and mixed mongoloids. Their language
was Indo-European, and their mounds in Siberia became famous as a result of the discovery of the "Ice
Maiden" reported by the National Geographic Society. Her mound followed the pattern of Scythian mounds,
where the burial chamber was lined with large timbers. To view a burial of the Eastern Black Sea region,
called the "Princess of Ipatovo," click here.
The burial mounds had at least three functions: that of honoring the dead (the larger mounds often being
of leaders), sacred sites of heroes and watch-towers.
In the story of Jason of the Argonauts, "The Voyage of Argo," by Apollonius of Rhodes (3rd century
B.C.), Jason explains in the raising of the burial mound of one of his men that the mound covered the
cremated remains of the hero, it was a place around which games were held in honor of the hero, and it was
left as a land-mark which would be honored for eons to come. This is also a practice in the Odyssey of Homer.
The Homeric way of burial in fact was with barrows, or mounds; and most of the dead are cremated.
Achilles' friend, Patrocles, for instance, is one of the first in the ten-year-long Trojan war to be buried, and
his remains were cremated, a mound thrown up around which games were held. The mound was left as a
land-mark, along with other mounds of fallen heroes in the Troad. In the "Metamorphosis," by Ovid (1st
century B.C.) we find many burials continue in the same fashion, with cremation and barrows being the
burial practice (except for those transformed into animals and heavenly bodies. In the story of the raven,
which Apollo saw as a beautiful young girl, after having held her (she was pure white) to his breast he turned
on her and shot her in the breast with his deadly arrow. He held her in his arms, lamenting the act, while the
funeral pyre was being prepared, and she tells him that she is pregnant with his son. He saves the son. Among
the Greco-Roman stories the heroes were cremated and mounds were raised. The actual practice of
cremation was more prevalent among the Etruscans and earlier Villanovans, communities along the Danube
and Troy. Shaft graves (interments) appear to have been the preferred method of burial elsewhere. The
Scythian and Saromatian burials of the Black Sea show a stone-lined cyst around a corpse, along with its
entourage and accoutrements, and often mounds were used over and over. They often were over 50' high (15
meters or so). When we apply the data of this table to the archeological records of the burials of these ancient
peoples we find a correlation in the language. "To bury" in Italian is "tumulare," to raise a mound; a burial
in Albanian is "tumë," a mound. In contrast the Latin and French concept of burial involved interment, if
one uses their vocabulary. It appears that the English word, "bury," [<OE byrgan] may be the same cognate
as "barrow," [<OE beorg].
A Summary of the Kurgan culture (burial in mounds) of the Russian steppes, with notes on the ProtoIndo-European (PIE) language, is at: http://www.iras.ucalgary.ca/~volk/sylvia/Kurgans.htm. An Albanian
view of the Albanian and Illyrian heritage ( a melting pot as it were) is at:
http://members.aol.com/Plaku/illyrian.htm.
(9) TIVS, In Script HT, we have a tile which seems to dedicate a precinct to Hermes, 8ASTI, HERMeNE
TIVS A FETVS AL, saying, "the vastness of Hermene, god-like, or god, to (Lat. a) the bringing forth or
hatching of young (Lat. fetus-us, m.)." See Indo-European Table 1.A.2, note 6, for a further discussion on
this.
(10) The Slavic term for god, Bog, and the Hindu Bhaga, may show an early relationship between the Slavs
and the Sanskrit, founders of the Rig Veda.
(11) Welsh llawr, hearth, may be related to the Latin word, lar, and Etruscan word for gods of the earth: lar,
laris.
(12) Tannus, Jupiter, Zeus and Etruscan Tinia appear to be the same Indo-European thunder-god, as Thor,
Odin, and Indra. Tannus went also by the name of Tinnus, Taranis, Taranus. He was a god of the wheel (a
symbol of the sun), other symbols were the oak and eagle, and in early Gaul human sacrifices were offered to
him. In the Rig Veda of the Hindus the sun, Surya, was considered to be an eye of Indra, the principal god of
the Rig Veda. His feast was at Yule-time (winter solstice, modern Christmas). See Banquet of the Gods.html
for further information on the relationships of these gods. The Hittite thunder-god was Teshub. Another
people, related to the Persians, the Mitanni, seemed to have worshipped the same god, Teshub or Teshup, at
the head of their pantheon. See Hittite Treaties and Documents.html.
(13) Thanks to Constantiin Cucu for his contributions on the Romanian language.
14. See Etruscan tice which may be "spindle," tige, rather than "stem"
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08.20.19 Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE):
Etruscan_Phrases
Indo-European Table 1, Part 11
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Table 1 Index
(Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table 1)
Table 1, section 1G: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armemenian.
Sanskrit
Avestan, Persian,
Georgian, Hurrian,
Akkadian
v ham, ata kim, yes, evam, just so
zî, indeed (Avestan)
bale, yes
(Persian)
,
diakh, yes
(Georgian)
Slavic, Baltic,
Romanian,
Finnish-Uralic
Greek, Armenian, Albanian,
Basque
, dy, yes
(Belarusian)
da, yes (Croatian)
tak, yes (Polish)
j , yes (Latvian)
da, yes (Romanian)
kyllä, yes (FinnishUralic)
, nai, yes (Greek)
, ayo, yes (Armenian)
po, yes (Albanian)
€ •‚, zakapaƒ,
to bury, € „ … ††‡,
pachavannie,
funeral (Belarusian)
pokopati, to bury,
pogreb, funeral
(Croatian)
pochowaƒ, to bury,
pogrzeb, funeral
(Polish)
ˆ‰Š‹ , a thápsei, to bury,
Œ•Ž‹• , kideía, funeral
(Greek)
• ‘“”, t’aghel, to bury,
• –‘ —˜ ™ — –• –š,
hugharkavorut’yun, funeral
(Armenian)
për të varrosur, to bury,
ceremonia e funeralit,
funeral ceremony, varrimi,
bai, yes (Basque)
Latin
Other
ita (ese), etiam,
yes,
certus-a-um,
settled
yes, yes (Irish)
tha, yes (Scot)
ie, yes (Welsh)
sì, yes (Italian)
oui, oc (S. Fr.), yes (French)
English
yes [<OE gese],
aye [< I, or ON,
ei], yes, aye, aye.
11-1
anda imma, indeed
(Hittite)
anna, anni, annû,
yes, indeed, ikkitti,
yes, in truth, ibašši,
yes, possibly, there,
j jaja, expressing
acceptance of an
order (Akkadian)
ni-khanati, to inter a corpse, antye a , funeral
dafn kardan,
to bury, dari,
funeral
(Persian)
,
damarkhva, to bury,
,
dak’rdzalva, funeral
(Georgian)
qeb ru, to bury the
dead, to bury
objects, to cover up,
humo-are, to
perform funeral
rites or bury;
omen-inis, an
omen, sign,
prognostication,
ominor-ari, to
presage,
prophesy,
predict
a adhlacadh, to bury,
sochraide, funeral (Irish)
gus adhlacadh, to bury,
tiodhlacadh, funeral (Scott)
i gladdu, to bury, angladd,
funeral (Welsh)
seppellire, to bury, funerale,
funeral (Italian)
enterrer, to bury, funérailles,
funeral (French)
to bury [<OE
byrgan], funeral,
[<Lat. funus]
burial, cremation
ceremony, inter,
[<Med. Lat.
interrare], grave,
[<OE gra æf]
11-2
Etruscan
uk, ok (VK),
Script Z817,
Z826, Z1789
Context: Z817
RE VK SINA
CAFER
SVS LEFA Ce
"These
matters, yes,
indeed, she
would permit
(L. Conj.3rd
Pers. Single
sinat), to draw
out (It. cavare)
the double (It.
m. sosia) she
lifts up (L.
levo-are, Ind.
Pres. 3rd Pers.
single levat)
here
Z826: RE VK
SINE TI.
RAMVER.
FINVM
ACILaR
AME "These
matters, Yes,
she will permit
to you; to
leave behind
(L.
remoror-ari)
the wine (L.
vinum-i) of
Aquilar she
would love (L.
amo-are, Conj.
Pres. 3rd Pers.
Single amet)"
Z1789 VK
TIRVR: "Yes,
I am used up
(L t ro, Pas.
Ind. Pres. 1st
Pers. Single
'teror')
um, om (VM),
Script Q754 "I
bury"
uma, oma,
(VMA), Script
Q534, Q661,
Q726, humat,
"he buries"
umai omai,
(VMAI),
Script S30
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hide, to roll up in a
cloth or reed mat in
preparation for
burial, to roll up,
tem ru, to bury, to
conceal, to be
sunken, to be buried
(Akkadian)
ekas, one, ekI kR, to unite, become one; yu,
yauti, yute, yuvati,te, to fasten, hold, bind,
harness, join, unite, yunakti or yoja- yati, saœ-, yek, •žŸ one,
mottahed shodad,
-, to unite, yuga , yugam, to yoke
¡ ¢£¤ to unite
(Persian)
, erti, one,
,
gaertianeba, to
unite,
,
bat’ono, yoke
(Georgian)
¥ukki, ¥ukko, one
(Hurian/Urartian)
aha aha,
one-by-one, išt n,
one, unique,
outstanding, first,
for the first time,
em du, to join
together, unite, etc.,
išt niš, jointly, as
one group, išt štu,
one, once, at the
first time, first,
išt ššu, once, one
time, firstly,
dišam, one-by-one,
individually, išt nâ,
one-by-one, one
apiece, once, singly,
išt ššu, adv., one
time, once, firstly,
išt nutu, once, for
the first time, ullu,
yoke, n ru,
crosspiece,
domination, rule,
aprakt, to bury,
b res, funeral
(Latvian)
a îngropa, to bury,
înmormântare,
funeral, funeralii,
funeral (Romanian)
haudata, to bury,
hautajaiset, funeral
(Finnish-Uralic)
¦†, adzin, one,
§'¨ † •‚,
abjadnaƒ, to unite,
¨©ª«, jarmo, yoke
(Belarusian)
jedan, one,
ujediniti se, to
unite, jaram, yoke
(Croatian)
jeden, one,
zjednoczyƒ, to
unite, jarzmo, yoke
(Polish)
vienas, one (BalticLithuanian)
vienu, one,
apvienoties, to
unite, j¬gs, yoke
(Latvian)
UN, UNA, UNU,
one, f., UNELE, the
ones; a uni, to unite,
UNIM, we unite,
we put together,
UNIT-, united, jug,
yoke (Romanian)
yksi, one, yhdistyä,
to unite, ies, yoke
(Finnish-Uralic)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1F,G.html
(probably a
name noted by
"ai"suffix, as
in AECAI,
Aesacus,
Elinai, Helen
of Troy)
ume, ome
(VME), Script
Z92, Q512,
humet. "he
would bury"
umen, omen
(VMEN)
Script R381,
R554 "omen"
umis, omis
(VMIS) Script
BT-14 (L.
Conj. Pres.
2nd Pers.
single hum s,
"you could be
buried]?"):
Context:
BT-9: TEIS :
RVIS :
RVTaS SS V
[Translation:
for, to, by the
gods (L. deus
divus, Dat.,
Abl. pl. deis)
of the kings
(L. Fr. roi, m.
L. rex, regis)
you brandish,
swing, whirl
around [your
weapon] " (L.
roto-are, Ind.
Pres. 2nd Pers.
single rotas)
SS; O VMIS,
L. Ind. Pres.
2nd Pers.
single hum s,
"you could be
buried"]
BT-14 ›
VMIS (end of
text, blank
space)
funeral (Albanian)
ukturi, cremation site,
constant, steady, firm,
eternal, adj. (Hittite)
lurperartu, ehortzi, to bury,
hileta, funeral (Basque)
® ¯, énas, énaone,
‹ °±‹ , na enósei, to
unite, Ž‹² «³‹´ • ,
dexiotechnía, skill,
craftsmanship, µ¶·ó¯, zygós,
yoke (Greek)
¸“˜¹, meky, one, ¸º ™ —“”,
miavorel, to unite, ”»º, ltsi,
yoke (Armenian)
një, one, për t'u bashkuar, to
unite,
shilar, yoke (Albanian)
bat, one, elkartu, to unite,
batu, to unite, connect, pick,
uztarria, yoke, uzteko, to
yoke (Basque)
për t'u bashkuar
unnus-a-um,
genit., unius,
dat. uni, one
only one, one
and the same,
any one; una, in
one together
texo - texere,
texui, textum,
to plait, to
weave, to put
together;
coniungo
-iungere
iunsi -iuntum,
to unite;
iugum-i, yoke,
collar; iugo-are,
to bind together
amháin, aon, one, le chéile,
to unite, cuing, yoke (Irish)
aon, one, gus a thighinn
còmhla, to unite, cuing,
yoke (Scott)
un-au, one, i unoi uno, to
unite, ieuo (ieu-), to yoke,
yog, yoke (Welsh)
uno [m], una [f], one; unire,
to unite, giogo, yoke
(Italian);
un, une, indef. art., one,
unir, to unite,
joug, yoke (French)
yuk, yoke (Gothic)
tsin¼tsin , one, on one
hand or the other (Luvian)
si, sia, siela, haika, one,
number one, * s, one,
trup, unite, collect, to plaid
together; (midd.) to collect
oneself, to be finished,
taks, unify, to devise,
iukan, a yoke, yug/yuga,
yoke, pair, ishaur, yoke,
plow (Hittite)
one [<OE an]
unite, LLat.
unire], yoke
[<OE geoc]
11-3
un (VN), Nom.
Single "unus"
Script Z54,
Z206, Z913,
Z1057, Z1586,
Z1607, Z1623,
N670, N700,
J29, Au86,
AF-1, AN49,
PO-13?
unas (VNAS),
L. Acc. f. pl.
Script PA-16
une (VNE),
Script
Z851, Q194,
Q452
unias
(VNIAS),
Script Au86
Gen. Single
"unius"
uno (VNV),
Script
R270, R286;,
Abl. single M.
unem (VNEM)
Script L-57,
Voc., Acc. N.
pl.?.
unum
(VNVM), Acc.
M., N. Single
Script Z446 ½
See
numbers
unitia
(FNITIA)
Script M67
IOC (IYC),
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part of a door, of a
loom, (part of the
liver, probably the
omasal impression),
a part of the lung, a
constellation, n ru,
in ša mu i n ri,
yoke ornament
(Akkadian)
limpati, to anoint, besmear
x
Script AE6
IOCE (IVCE)
Script, N476,
Q53, Q167,
Q214, Q243,
Q416, R258
IOCES
(IVCES),
Script N718
IOCI (IVCI)
Script AE-6,
N-1, N357,
N476, N692,
K39
YVCI, SCript
M93
IOCIE
(IVCIE),
Script N435,
N513, N650,
R270, R286,
R394, R505,
K150IOCIPa
(IVCIPa),
Script R310
IOCO (IVCV),
Script K36,
Q225
IOKA
(IVKA), Script
N505, N563
mâlidán, ¾¿ ¤ to
anoint, smear
(Persian)
,
sulit, to anoint,
, natskhis, to
smear (Georgian)
€ ª •‚,
pamazaƒ, to anoint,
ª •‚, mazaƒ, to
smear (Belarusian)
pomiriti, to anoint,
razmazati, to smear
(Croatian)
paš šu, to anoint
namaÀciƒ, to anoint,
oneself, to be
anointed, to smear,
rozmazaƒ, to smear
paššu, adj.,
(Polish)
anointed, râku, to
svaidÁt, to anoint,
smear, to knead?,
lai uztriepes, to
kap ru, to smear on smear (Latvian)
paint or liquid, to
s ungi, to anoint,
wipe off, to clean
UNS, to anoint;
objects, to rub, to
UNGE, he/she
purify magically,
anoints, la frotiu, to
etc., (Akkadian)
smear (Romanian)
voitelemaan, to
anoint, kuolla, to
smear (FinnishUralic)
x
x
x ´Ã•±«¶ , na chrísoun, to
anoint, ‹Ä Å‹• «¶Å‹, na
epimeínoume, to smear,
alinein, to anoint, to smear,
Ä ± Æ‹•ÇÈ, pasaleífo,
smear (Greek)
É»“”, otsel, to anoint,
Ê Ë“”, khabel, to smear
(Armenian)
për të vajosur, to anoint, për
të shpifurpër, to smear
(Albanian)
ungo [unguo]
ungere
anoint, [<Lat.
inunguere]
besmear [<OE
smerian]
11-4
Juno, consort of x
Jupiter
Uni, goddess
childbirth,
consort of Tini
(Zeus, Jupiter)
11-5
x
x
x
x
unce (VNCE)
Script AN-33
sakniie/a, to anoint, hlina?
to anoint, clay, isgae,
iskie/a, to smear (Hittite)
anoint?, lohitu, orban, to
smear (Basque)
ÌÃ , Íra, Hera, consort of
Zeus; Eileithyia, goddes of
childbirth; also mother of
Eros
a anoint, to anoint, chun
smearaidh, to smear (Irish)
gu ungadh, to anoint, gus
smear, to smear (Scott)
i eneinio, to anoint, i
chwistrellu, to smear
(Welsh)
ungere, to anoint,
macchiare, to smear
(Italian)
oindre, to anoint, enduire,
maculer to smear (French)
usus-us,
application,
practice,
exercise
Euxinus-a-um,
the Black Sea
x
application,
practice,
exercise?
unknown word
TBD
Uni (VNI),
Script
Z1654, TC171,
N173, N435,
J25,
AH-7, PL-31½
Note 2)
Unia (VNIA)
Script Au13,
AH-7, Aph-3
USuS (Script
XB-26
11-6
anusanda-, to enquire, consider
chetor, ÎÏÐÑ how
(Persian)
! rogor!,
how! (Georgian)
inu-, unu-, conj.
how, (Hurrian)
akk ’i, how?, k ?
how, adv., kiam,
adv., how, thus, in
this manner, tuma,
conj.?, how
(Akkadian)
x¨ !, jak?, how!
(Belarusian)
kako?, how!
(Croatian)
wjaki sposób!, how!
(Polish)
k ?, how! (Latvian)
cum?, how!
(Romanian)
millä tavalla!, how!
(Finnish-Uralic)
xÄȯ! pos!, how! (Greek)
ºšÒÓ“Ô, inch’pes: how!
(Armenian)
se si!, how! (Albanian)
nola!, how (Basque)
ut
conas!, how? cibé bealach,
in whatever way (Irish)
ciamar? how! (Scott)
sut? how! (Welsh)
come? how! (Italian)
comment? how! (French)
how! [<OE h¬]
In whatever way
ut (VT) Script
V-10
11-7
kos-ne (conj.), how, how
much, as much (Tocharian)
m hhan, how, kmme/i,
kmmet(i), however many
(Hittite)
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x
x
karoti, to do, karman, to act
sâkhtan, £Õ Ö to
make (Persian)
x
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1F,G.html
x
utor, uti, usus
x
xdz ‰´ ‹ , ftiáchnei, he
makes (Greek)
š ˜ Ù — –¸ Ú
na katarum e, he makes
(Armenian)
ai bën, he makes (Albanian)
facio-facerefeci-factum, to
make
Déanann sé, he makes
(Irish)
employ, to use,
enjoy;
possibly the
name Otin,
Oden; Unknown
word; TBD
utas (FTAS)
Script FB-5
utin (FTYN)
Script XB-4,
XB-16
11-8
bhidyate, to vary, differ, vihara,
transposition, change vairI bhU, to change into
hatred; vikArin, adj., producing or
undergoing a change, changing into, gacchati,
going
׆ ©«§¦•‚, jon
robiƒ, he makes
(Belarusian)
,
on pravi, he makes
is ak’etebs, he makes (Croatian)
(Georgian)
On sprawia, he
makes (Polish)
du-, tan- to make, to viإ taisa, he makes
do, zad-(u-), to
(Latvian)
make, to do, to
el face, he makes,
build, u/or-, to
F-!, make!, do!
make, to work
(Romanian)
(Urartian)
hän tekee, he makes
ep šu, to do or act, (Finnish-Uralic)
kalû, to do
something without
ceasing, to block
progress, etc.,
ma û, to do what
one wants, to
amount to, to be
sufficient for, to
provide sufficient
help, to make
suffice, etc.,
(Akkadian)
jasaiti, to be going
(Avestan)
degargun kardan,
gardânidan, to
vary, raftan, £ Î to
go (Persian)
,
ganskhvavdeba, to
vary,
, is
midis, he goes
(Georgian)
… ©'¦© … •‚,
varjiravaƒ, to vary,
׆ ¦ ‡, jon idzie,
he goes
(Belarusian)
da se razlikuju, to
vary, on ide, he
goes (Croatian)
róÝniƒ siÞ, to vary,
on idzie, he goes
(Polish)
mainÁties, to vary,
viإ iet, he goes
ul-, u/ol- to go, to
(Latvian)
start going
a diversifica, to
(Urartian)
Üab-an-, to go, itt-,
vary, el merge, he
to go (Hurrian)
goes (Romanian)
vaihdella, to vary,
atalluku, italluku,
hän menee, he goes
to go, walk about, to
(Finnish-Uralic)
live, act, be in
tha e a 'dèanamh, he makes
(Scott)
mae'n gwneud, he makes
(Welsh)
lui fa, he makes (Italian)
il fait, he makes (French)
egin, to make, do, commit
(Basque)
poikillo, diafero, vary;
allagi, allasso, metaballo,
change, Ä ‹ , paei, he goes
(Greek)
Ù —Ë“— Ú, tarber e to vary,
š ßš –¸ Ú, na gnum e, he
goes (Armenian)
ndryshon, ndryshoj, to vary,
ai shkon, he goes
(Albanian)
vario-are, to
vary, change,
vadit, he goes<
eo, ire, ivi and
ii, itum, to go
aldatu, to vary, joan, to go
(basque)
gao [-], cattle
(Avestan)
mâdegâv, gâv, ã å
cow, gav nr, ç ã å
bull (Persian)
, dzrokha,
cow,
, khari,
bull, ox (Georgian)
gava, bull, cow;
gotva, state or
nature of a cow, và a , bull, go, và a , ox, cow
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ar u, m rtu, cow,
abkigu, poetic term
for cow,
*umm natu, adult
cow, heifer, alpu,
bull ox, beef, alpu,
cattle shed, arki
alp , ox driver,
alpu-a, bull
sacrifice, to
sacrifice, kullizu,
ox driver, leading
ox, ox used for
plowing, kulliz tu,
work of an ox
driver, m ru, young
bull, rimu, wild
bull, r mtu, wild
cow, r m niš, like a
wild bull, apasû,
an exotic bovine,
alû, bull, as a
mythological being,
aladlammû, bull
colossus with
human head,
fa (FA) Script
AF-16
11-9
iya->, ie/a, issa/issto, to
make, to do, #annijazi, he
makes, he does (Hittite)
motion (Akkadian)
©«… , karova,
cow, § , byk,
bull, …«ê, vol, ox
(Belarusian)
krava, cow, bik,
bull, vol, ox
(Croatian)
krowa, cow, byk,
bulla, bull, wóø, ox
(Polish)
govs, cow, bullis,
bull, v rsis, ox
(Latvian)
vacÂ, cow; VACI,
cows, Taur, bull,
bou, ox
(Romanian)
lehmä, cow, sonni,
bull, härkä, ox
(Finnish-Uralic)
he makes, to
make, [<OE
macian] to do
[<OE dÛn]
·‹Æ‰Ž , ageláda, cow,
³ ïë¯, távros, bull, ðóŽ ,
vódi, bodi, ox (Greek)
˜ ™˜ ™m, kov,
cow, ñ –”, ts’ul, bull, Ô ß¹,
sagy, ox (Armenian)
lopë, cow, bulë, bull, dem,
bull, ox (Albanian)
behi, cow, zezen. bull, idi,
ox, ganadu, cattle (Basque)
a athrú, to vary, téann sé, he
goes (Irish)
gus atharrachadh, to vary,
tha e a 'dol, he goes (Scott)
amrywio, to vary,
differ, fluctuate,
mae'n mynd, he goes
(Welsh)
variare, to vary, lui va, he
goes (Italian)
varier, to vary, il va, he
goes (French)
to vary [<Lat.
vario-are],
diversify [<Lat.
diverto (divorto)
vertere -verti
versum, to
change, differ]
va (VA), Script
change [<lat.
Z455, Z1397,
cambiare], alter; N582
third person
sing.,
tmeomn, different, strange, to go, [<OE g n],
belonging to someone else, he goes,
tameummes, tmeomes, to
become different,
11-9
i, ie/a, to go, p i->, paii/pai,
pi/pai, pae, to go past, to
pass, ske/a, going, to be
gomg (Hittite)
bó, cow, tarbh, bull, damh,
ox (Irish)
bò, cow, tarbh, bull, damh,
ox (Scott)
buwch (buchod), cow, taw,
tawr, bull, och, ox (Welsh)
mucca, vacca, cow, Toro,
bull, bue, ox (Italian)
vache, cow, beef, taureau,
bull, bôuf, ox (French)
vaccae-ae, cow,
taurus-i, bull,
bos, bovis, ox,
bullock, cow
öküz, ox (Turkõsh)
ko, [B Ke], keu, [B ko]
cow, kowi (adj.) [B
kewiye], of a cow, kayur
[B kauur e], bull, opäs*[B
okso], ox (Tocharian)
cow [<OE cu);
cattle [<Med
Lat. capitale,
property], bull,
[<ON boli]<
bovine, [<Lat.
bos], ox [<OE,
oxa]
vaca (8ACA)
Script CP-36
vace (8ACE),
Z500
vaci (8ACI)
Script Z500)
11-10
buqa, ox (Uighur-Turkic)
wawa/ uwa, cow (Lycian)
wawa/i, cow (Luvian)
wawa, a bull, prtshanasi,
supl(a) cattle, GU÷, kuau,
cow, kuauli, like a cow
(Hittite)
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gum u, a choice
bull, quma u,
cattle, qannu, cattle
pen, gugallu, bull of
extraordinary size,
elû, bull of heaven,
pu ru, a
qualification of
bulls, raš šu, cattle
herd, alap šadê,
mountain ox, alap
n ri, river ox,
foreign animal, alap
mê, water ox,
alap n ri, one yoke
ox,
re’û, to tend cattle,
sheep, other
animals, to pasture,
to graze, shepherd,
etc. (Akkadian)
âvâre budan, Îùãù
Ï to wander
(Persian)
, ikheven, to
wander (Georgian)
at, atati, -te, to walk about, wander, run;
bhram, bhramati, to wander, roam, stroll, fly
about; go astray, be perplexed or mistaken; car,
carati (-te), to move, go drive, walk, roam,
wonder through
or along
upatyak , droþÁ, valley, vale, glenn, nipAda,
low ground, valley; nivat, depth, valley
dâlu, wander
aimlessly, to prowl,
wander about in
despair, move
unnaturally, move
with indifference,
nag šu, to go away,
to leave, to run
about, to rove,
stroll, rap du, to
wander, to roam, to
cause to roam, to
run, run around, to
vex, šar bu, to
wander about
(Akkadian)
darre, Î valley
(Persian)
, kheoba,
valley, ravine,
gorge, canyon
(Georgian)
amqu, valley
(Akkadian)
sustha or svastha, well, tejasvin, vigorous,
zavareca [zavare],
strength, vigor
(Avestan)
khub, ÿÏÕ well,
zu$%mænd, ¤Îã
vigorous (Persian)
, k’argad,
well,
,
energiuli, vigorous
(Georgian)
nir-, nÁr-, niri, nîri,
to be good, fa&r-,
faÜri, faÜr(i)-to be
good, beautiful,
nir=i=¥¥e, goodness
(Hurrian)
*dumqi¥, well, adv.,
dumqu, well-being,
treasure, favor,
grace, fame,
emamu, strong,
adallu, gabru, ga¥ru,
Üu¥ua, adj., strong,
a¥ u, strong, hard,
difficult, alru, datnu,
strong, heroic,
itpuqu, strong, solid,
dan nu, to become
strong, increase,
etc., thick, heavy,
kab ru (Akkadian)
bhrAnta, adj., roaming, roamed, perplexed,
confused, mistaken; mistake, error; bhram,
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… † © … •‚,
vandravaƒ, to
wander (Belarusian)
lutati, to wander
(Croatian)
wedrowac, to
wander (Polish)
klaiØot, to wander
(Latvian)
a se intreba, to
wander (Romanian)
vaeltaa, to wander
(Finnish-Uralic)
ꦆ , dalina,
valley (Belarusian)
dolina, valley
(Croatian)
dolina, valley
(Polish)
ielej , valley
(Latvian)
VALE, valley
(Romanian)
laakso, valley
(Finnish-Uralic)
Ä‹Ã ÄÆ •ˆ«ïÅ‹,
na periplanithoúme, to
wander (Greek)
• û ý“”, t’ap’arrel, to
wander (Armenian)
për të endur, to wander
(Albanian)
ibiltzea, to wander (Basque)
Œ« ƉŽ , koiláda, valley
(Greek)
• ™ºÙ, hovit, valley
(Armenian)
luginë, lugajë, valley
(Albanian)
valles-is
bailara, ibar, valley (Basque)
«§© , dobra, well, \ Ɖ, Kalá, well,
§ ש , badziory, ±ˆ‹ Ãó¯, sthenarós,
vigorous
vigorous, ‹ ‹Ã·•³ Œó¯,
(Belarusian)
energitikós (Greek)
dobro, well, sna+an,
, lav, well,
,
vigorous (Croatian) uzhegh, vigorous
dobrze, well
(Armenian)
energiczny,
mirë, well, energjik,
vigorous (Polish)
vigorous (Albanian)
labi, well,
ener@isks, vigorous
(Latvian)
bine, well, viguros, ondo egoteko, to be well,
kementsu, vigorous (Basque)
vigorous
(Romanian)
hyvin, well,
voimakas, vigorous
(Finnish-Uralic)
€ …¦†‡, pa vinie, to
aiwi-druzhaiti [aiwi- fault, € ª †… •‚,
vagor-ari, to
wander;
vagio-ire, to
whimper
chun wander,? to wander
(Irish)
gus a dhol fodha,?, gus
coiseachd, to wander (Scott)
i grwydro, crwydro, to
wander, stray, roam, digress
(Welsh)
vagare, girovagare, to
wander (Italian)
errer, s'agarer, vaguer,
divaguer, to wander
(French)
gleann, valley (Irish)
gleann, valley (Scott)
cwm (cymau,
cymoedd), glyn
-noedd, dyffryn, valley,
dale, dell, glen, dingle
(Welsh)
vallata, valle, valley
(Italian)
vallée, valley, val, vale, dell
(French)
to wander [<OE
wadrian],
ramble, rove?
roam [<OE
romen],
whimper?
See fak, fakir
11-11
vakos te, vakus
te
(8AKVS) Te,
Script Q899
vacorent
(8ACVRENT)
Script N349
vage (8AbE),
Script Q84
vago (8AbV)
Script Q209
valley [<Lat.
valles-is], glen,
[<OIr. glend],
vale, dale [<OE
dôl]
val (8AL),
Script
K79
valas (8ALAS)
Script K65
well, [<OE wel]
to be strong,
vigorous, [<Lat.]
energetic [<Gk.
energ tikos]
valsti
(8ALSTI)
Script K79
xbade-, river valley
(Milian)
valeo, valere,
valuisti, well, to
be strong,
vigorous,
bene, adv. well
fallo, fallere,
fefelli, falsum
maith, well, bríomhar,
vigorous (Irish)
gu math, well, èibhinn,
vigorous (Scott)
yn dda, well, yn egn^ol,
vigorous (Welsh)
bene, well, vigoroso,
vigorous (Italian)
bien, well, vigoureux,
vigorous (French)
kuÀal [B kuÀal], good,
salutary (Tocharian)
inaraur, strength, inara,
vigor, lazzies, latsiur, well,
to become well, become
good, latsiur, wellness
(Hittite)
chun locht, to fault,
dearmad, mistaken,
11-12
to deceive [<Lat.
decipio
valta (8ALTA),
Script M50
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druj], false, to break
a contract or
agreement, to
deceive (Avestan)
fariftan, gomrâh
kardan, to deceive,
gonâh, âhu, fault,
gonâh kardan, to be
at fault, eeb `¾{,
fault, farib dâdan,
ù `Ÿ to deceive,
eshtebâh, mistake,
radshodan, £|}¡Îã
fail (Persian)
, bralia, to
fault,
,
mot’q’ueba, to
deceive,
,
tsdeba, mistaken,
, ver, fail
(Georgian)
bhramati, to roam, wander, stroll, go astray, be
perplexed or mistaken, bhrama , error,
mistake, do a , fault, failing, blemish, de a ,
fault
†
el tu, deception,
high land, top part,
el n ti, deceitful
words, a û, to
make a mistake, fail,
neglect, commit an
offense, i u, fault,
harm, damage,
crime, etc.,
û,
faulty, portending
evil, wrong, nak lu,
to deceive, pay
tricks, to act clever,
to cheat, etc.,
par u, to deceive,
lie, to violate, break
an oath, etc.,
mudi u, deceiver,
rašû, faults, to
develop faults,
deficiencies, to
attain wisdom,
experience,to
develop a disease, to
acquire, etc., to
bring about a
verdict, etc.
(Akkadian)
†
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padmanvaƒ, to
deceive,
€ ª ê «… ,
pamylkovy,
mistaken,
meabhlaireachta, to deceive,
theipeann, fail (Irish)
gu fault, to fault,
a mhealladh, to deceive,
mearachd, mistaken,
fàilligeadh, fail (Scott)
i fai, to fault, i dwyllo, to
deceive,
camgymryd, to
mistake, err;
camgymeriad, mistaken,
camgymeriadffaeledd-au,
failing, defect, fault; methu
(meth-), to fail, miss, falter,
mistake (Welsh)
fallare, to err, make a
mistake (Italian)
falloir, to be necessary;
faute, fault, faire faillite, to
go bankrupt, fail (French)
,
tryva nia da u,
fail (Belarusian)
na pogrešku, to
fault, zavarati, to
deceive, u zabludi,
mistaken,
iznevjeriti, fail
(Croatian)
do winy, to fault,
oszuka , to deceive,
bø dny, mistaken,
zawie , fail
(Polish)
vainas d , to fault,
maldin t, to
deceive, k d jies,
mistaken,
neizdoties, fail
(Latvian)
la vina, to fault, a
amagi, to deceive,
gre it, mistaken,
e ua, fail
(Romanian)
vika, to fault,
pettää, to deceive,
virheellinen,
mistaken,
epäonnistua, fail
(Finnish-Uralic)
†
,
se sfálma, to fault, €
x • ‚ƒ „…€, na
e†apatísoun, to
deceive,
‡€„V,
esfalménos, mistaken, €
•„‚ˆ‰ Š, na apotýchei, to
fail (Greek)
‹Œ•Ž••‘’“,
meghavorin, to fault,
”Ž•Œ–, khabel, to deceive,
—”Ž–‹Ž‹•, skhalmamb,
mistaken, ˜Ž”•••Œ–,
dzakhoghvel, fail
(Armenian)
për të gabuar, to fault, te
mashtrosh, to deceive, i
gabuar, mistaken, dështoj,
fail (Albanian)
guh kune* [B kuh käññe],
deception, trickery, kl wa- 11-13
ke™ [B a›kai™]
(Tocharian)
engainatzea, atzipetu to
deceive, erratu, to err, akats
bat egiteko, to make a
mistake (Basque)
†
-cipere-cepi
-ceptum],
lead astray, cause
to be mistaken
[<ON mistaka, to
take in error];
disappoint, fault
[<Lat. fallo,
fallere, to
deceive], fail
[<Lat. fallere],
to err,
apla, deceit, trap, aplae,
entrap, mrsant, deceitful,
dishonest, unholy, mrsadr,
deception, fraud, treachery
(Hittite)
†
†
œamerias,
person's name
11-14
tohi, puc, void,
adj; tohi kardan,
to vacate; bihude,
†odbin, vain, adj.
khali, žŸ ¡ empty,
bati, ¢£ ¤ void
(Persian)
,
tsarielia, empty,
, batilia,
void (Georgian)
quldi-, empty,
desolate (Urartian)
tucchay, -yati, to make empty or poor; reku,
adj. empty, void; nirbIja, adj., seedless, empty;
nya•, empty, void zUnya, adj. empty, void,
desert, vacant, lonely, solitary, unreal, vain,
void, vacuum
†
erû, empty, emptyhanded, naked,
destitute, r qiš,
empty-handed,
r q tu, emptyhanded, emptiness,
free time, r qu,
empty, idle, without
work, râqu, empty,
to become empty,
etc., to be idle,
pe û, emptied (of
vegetation,
obstructions, of
land, etc.,), cleared,
bleached, pale,
white, m rênu,
emptiness,
nakedness
(Akkadian)
†
¥ ¦ , pusty,
empty,
§¦ ¥
¨,
niesapra dnym,
void (Belarusian)
prazan, empty,
poništiti, void
(Croatian)
pusty, empty,
uniewa©ni , void
(Polish)
tukšs, empty, sp k
neesošs, void
(Latvian)
gol, empty, vid,
void (Romanian)
tyhjä, empty,
mitätön, void
(Finnish-Uralic)
ª Š «¬, adeiázo, empty,
- €óV, kenós, void,
achristos, useless (Greek)
®Ž¯Ž‘°, datark, empty,
Ž“•Ž•Œ‘, anvaver, void
(Armenian)
bosh, empty, i pavlefshëm,
void (Albanian)
†
†
vanus-a-um,
empty, void,
vain, idle
folamh, empty, neamhní,
void (Irish)
falamh, empty, fànas, void
(Scott)
gwag, coeg, adj. empty,
vain, yn wag, gwag (pl.
gweigion), void, empty,
vacant, blank, vain, hollow,
inane; gweili, adj. empty,
idle (Welsh)
vuoto, empty, void, vano,
vain, useless, vacuo, empty
(Italian)
vide, empty, void, vacant,
vain, vain, (French)
ekär (adj.) [B aikare],
empty, deprived, fallen into
decay (Tocharian)
hustu, empty, clear (Basque)
empty [<OE
aemtig], void
[<Lat. vacuus
-a-um, empty],
vain [<Lat.
vanus-a-um,
empty], idle
[<OE idle],
vacant [<lat.
vacare, to be
empty]
œamerias
(8AMERIAS),
Script Q11,
Q95, Q152
(See
PœMPERIAS
vanose
(8ANœSE), or
vano se Script
Z1300, Z1345
11-15
sannapilahh, sanabilah, to
empty, sanabiles,
sannapiles, emptied, to be
emptied, sanabili, emptyhanded, emptiness, void
(Hittite)
†
†
œanth, Etruscan
goddess?
vanth (œAN±)
or œANR,
Script DH-3
11-16
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degargun kardan,
gardânidan, to
vary, taghiir kardan,
²³´µ ´¶¶·¸ to vary
(Persian)
,
ganskhvavdeba, to
vary (Georgian)
vihara,
transposition, change; vairI bhU, to change into
hatred; vikArin,
adj., producing or undergoing a change,
changing into,
bhidyate, to vary, parivartaya , to alter,
change
'¹
,
varjirava , to vary
(Belarusian)
nak ru, to change, da se razlikuju, to
to change (said of a vary (Croatian)
roznic sie,
dynasty, a rule), to
to vary (Polish)
change (mostly for
the worse), to
main ties, to vary
change domicile, to (Latvian)
change course, to
varia, to vary
change an
(Romanian)
agreement, a
decision, an attitude, vaihdella, to vary
(Finnish-Uralic)
to change a name,
etc., pu u, to
change, to alter the
wording, etc., enû,
change, to displace,
shift, invert, to
revoke, alternate,
etc. (Akkadian)
zarf, ½´¾ container,
dish, vessel,
receptacle, utensil,
vase, goldân, ²¿ÀÁÂ
pot, vase, urn,
jardinière, ketri,
ôĵ kettle, skillet,
pot (Persian)
,
kÅontÅeineri,
container,
,
bankÅshi, pot,
,
vaza, vase
(Georgian)
tar=idi (from tari,
ÆfireÇ), pot
(Hurrian)
-ˆ• „
pu¼a•, bowl, vessel, cup, kumbha•, kala a•,
vase, karaka, a water, pot; piThara, pot, pan;
saraka, cup, pot; kalaza, pot, water-jar; caru,
pot, kettle, sacrificial food, esp. boiled rice;
patra, container
for drinking, cup, bowl, vessel, pot, dish,
gha¼i-, bowl, pot
* aba u, pot,
a bu, small pot,
shell, formed clay,
potsherd, a battu,
small pot, postsherd,
shell, agû, kaldu,
kubarinnu, lakbu,
mušt nû, nabrû,
pirassu, a vessel,
išqillatu, stone
vessel, pebble,
aballu, vessel for
drawing water,
assammû, metal
vessel, large vessel,
kappu, bowl,
usually of metal,
adakurru, vessel
with pointed
bottom, irsu,
purs tu, pursiu,
bowl, qab tu,
qulliu, p ru,
shallow bowl or
pla er, ašhalu,
stone bowl, agannu,
large bowl,
diq rutu, lu u,
small bowl,
apis m š, a type of
bowl, dapi’u, bowl
or goblet, itquru,
shallow bowl, oar
blade, ubunnu,
bowl, lamp bowl,
diq ru, bowl with
round bottom for
serving and heating,
mazlu, metal pot for
liquids, maqqû,
libation bowl made
of silver or gold,
pouring, k šu, metal
bowl, maslaqtu,
metal cooking pot,
munaqqitu, libation
bowl, lummu, small
pot, kirippu, a pot,
karpatu, pot,
earthen container, a
measure, etc., k ru,
bowl or platter,
kurkurru, bowl or
container, kalkallû,
¦
, sudna, ship,
vessel, goblet, mug,
È É „Ê, harš ok,
pot, Ë , vaza,
vase, Ê ÌÍ § ,
kantejnier,
container
(Belarusian)
posuda, vessel,
container, dish, pot,
plate, cruse, lonac,
pot, cruse, vaza,
vase, kontejner,
container
(Croatian)
naczynie, vessel,
dish, utensils,
utensil, thing, tools,
garnek, pot, crock,
jug, jugful,
fleshpot, waza,
vase, tureen,
pojemnik,
container (Polish)
trauks, container,
vessel, bowl,
utensil, basin, pods,
pot, v ze, vase,
bowl, konteiners,
container (Latvian)
vas, vessel, ship,
bowl, jar,
receptacle, argosy,
oalÎ, pot, saucepan,
crock, kettle, vazÎ,
vase, recipient,
container
(Romanian)
astia, vessel,
container, bin,
bowl, receptacle,
jar, pannu, pot, pan,
kettle, maljakko,
vase, kontti,
container (FinnishUralic)
€ ªŠ ‡º„…€,
na diaféroun, to vary
(Greek)
¯Ž‘•Œ‘ », tarber e, to vary
(Armenian)
për të ndryshuar, to vary
(Albanian)
vario-are, to
vary
aldatu, to vary, change,
alter, modify (Basque)
ÏÏ Ð„, angeío, vessel, vase,
pot, vas, ª„‰ Є,
docheio, pot, container,
agkeio; vase, Š ЪŠ„,
phialídio, phiale, vial,
flitzani, -ˆ• „, kypello,
cup; -„ˆ• koupa, cup,
mug, beaker, tankard,
tsoukali, pot (Greek)
Ž“•Ñ, anotÅ, vessel, jar,
receptacle, container,
ÒŽ‹•Ó•Ô•, zambyugh, pot,
ÕŽ•ŽÑ, gavatÅ, (W-cavat,
E-bajhag)
cup, bowl, mug, pot, goblet,
beaker, °•“¯ŒÓ“Œ‘,
konteyner, container
(Armenian)
enë, container, vessel, dish,
receptacle, tank, vazo, vase,
bowl, pot, flowerpot,
receptacle, flower vase
(Albanian)
lorontzi, vase, flowerpot,
katilu, bowl, basin, kopa,
kikara, cup, eltze, pot, pan,
ontzi, vessel, lapiko, teontzi,
kettle (Basque)
ÒŽ‹•Ó•Ô•
a athrú, to vary (Irish)
gus atharrachadh, to vary
(Scott)
i amrywio, to vary,
differ, fluctuate
(Welsh)
variare, to vary (Italian)
varier, to vary (French)
damiummahh,
tmiomah, (dmiumah), to
change (Hittite)
vas, vasis, a
utensil;
basio-are, to
kiss; basis-is
and eos, a
pedestal, base;
cali†-icis, a
drinking or
cooking vessel
soitheach, vessel,
pota, pot, coimeádán,
container (Irish)
soitheach, vessel, pot, pot,
còmhdach, container
(Scott)
llong, vessel, pot-iau, pot;
llestr-i, vessel, bark, craft,
receptacle, dish, utensil,
priddlestr-i, earthenware
vessel, pottery; baeol-au,
pot, pitcher, bucket;
crochan-au, pot, cauldron,
boiler; cwpan-au, cup,
mug, goblet; ffio
(phiol)-au, vial, cup,
flagon, goblet; godard
(godart) ; gorflwch
(gorflychau), goblet, cup,
cynhwysydd, container
(Welsh)
vaso, pot, vessel, vase,
contenitrice, f., container
(Italian)
vase, vase, pot, pot,
récipient, container
(French)
kump*, pot, -), kunti [B
kunti, kunti ke], bowl, pot
(Tocharian)
tahukappi, kikkula, a
vessel, plha/i, broad bowl
or cask for liquids, lhutsi,
lelhuntai, lelhuntali,
vessel for pouring,
lahuesr/lahuesn, pouring
cup, lahu, container,
katakuranta, libation
vessel, ura, hnesr/hnesn
(hanesr/hanesn),
a vessel, peran,
pedunas/pedumas,
container, platter? for
carrying things, tseri, cup,
tseriali, cup holder,
prstuha (prstoha?),
earthenware cup, warpsi?,
bowl for washing, kinobi,
container, tsao, container, a
kind of vessel or plate used
in rituals (Hittite)
to vary [<Lat.
vario-are],
diversify [<Lat.
diverto (divorto)
vertere -verti
versum, to
change, differ]
change [<lat.
cambiare]
11-17
pot [<OE pott],
vase,
vessel [<Lat. vas,
container, <Lat.
continere, to
contain], vase;
cup [LLat.
cuppa, drinking
vessel], goblet
[<OFr. gobelet,
drinking
vessel with a
stem]; cauldron,
caldron [<LLat.
caldaria]; vial
[<Gk. phiale, a
small container];
kettle,
pail [<OE
paegel],
pan [<OE panne]
crock [<OE
crocc],
ashlar, a squared
block of building
stone, masonry
made of ashlar
stones, [Lat.
a†illa, dim, of
a†is, board],
kettle,
var (8AR),
Script
Z369
varar
(œARAR)
Script œG-8
varran
(8ARRAN),
Script Z327,
Z1013, Z1861
vas (8AS)
Script CP-39
vase (8ASE),
Script Z255,
Z263, Z405;
(Note: -e, Abl.
case)
vasei (8ASEI)
Script Z72,
Z214, Z289,
Z455, Z1013,
Z1049, Z1853,
Z1869
vasi, (8ASI)
Z190,
11-18
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small bowl-shaped
vessel possibly with
a lid, kalakku,
vessel, a container,
bo†, storehouse, raft
(kelek), silo, etc.,
masia tu, anointing
vessel, vessel for
sprinkling, maš u,
vessel used for beer,
šassu, vessel
(Akkadian)
ruze, Ö×ØÙ fasting
(Persian)
, markhva,
fasting (Georgian)
eli, feast (Hurrian)
upav sa•, fasting from food
nuba u, feast, eve
of a feast, evening
ceremonies,
evening me,
evening, bivouac,
overnight stay
(Akkadian)
È Ú
§,
haladannie, fasting
(Belarusian)
post, fasting, fast
(Croatian)
poszczenie, fasting,
po ci , fast, keep a
fast (Polish)
badošan s,
gav šana, fasting
(Latvian)
post, fasting
(Romanian)
paasto, fasting, fast,
Lent (FinnishUralic)
€Û ‚ Ð , nisteía, fasting,
feast (Greek)
Ü•‹ ÝŽÞŒ–ß, tsom pahely,
fasting (Armenian)
agjërimit, fasting, kreshmë,
fasting, fast (Albanian)
fasti-orum, list
of legal days
troscadh, fasting (Irish)
fastadh, fasting (Scott)
cyflymu, fasting (Welsh)
fasto, legal days, digiuno,
fasting (Italian)
jeûne, fasting, fast, faste,
pomp, display (French)
fasti, list of legal
days œastia,
Fastia, person's
name, or name
of a holiday?
11-19
vasti (8ASTI),
HT-1, Aœ-1
œASTIA
(8ASTIA)
Script MF-1;
Note: "ia"
suffi† indicates
proper name
kalistruna, feast, party
(Hittite)
duit, to you (Irish)
Dhutsa, to you (Scott)
i chi, to you (Welsh)
ve, vi, to you, (Italian)
à toi, to you (French)
†
†
å [tûm], you
(Avestan)
tu, 㸠thou, you,
your, tra, ¿´¸ you,
tura ¿Ù 㸠, shamra,
(obj.), you,
ædam, ç³ì you,
(Persian)
, shentis, to
you (Georgian)
†
î§, ciabie, to you
(Belarusian)
tebi, to you, thyself
(Croatian)
do Ciebie, to you
(Polish)
tev, to you (Latvian)
œI, to you - pl.
(Romanian)
sinulle, to you
(Finnish-Uralic)
†
-ci, you (Tocharian)
‡€ , se eséna, to you
(Greek)
ïŒÒ, kÅez, to you
(Armenian)
për ju, to you, ty, thee, to
you (Albanian)
†
ti/tu, to you (Palaic)
tibi, to you
œeii-orum
you, to you?
tu, to you, ti/tu, unts, you
(Single), u(n)tsa, you, pl.
11-20
(Luvian)
tsik/tu, you (Lat. tuam),
ti/tu, you (Single), ti/ di,
(Acc.), ta tu (Dat.), zik, you
(pl.), sum s, sum, Nom.
sumes, sumeis, smi/ sma/
sme, you, yours, smas, to
you, tsikila, you, yourself,
KUNU, KA, ti/ta/te, your,
smi/sma/sme, your, their
(Hittite)
†
œeii, major
Etruscan city
11-21
dhanya•, highly favored, mahabh gyavat,
enjoying heavenly felicity, vRdh, vardhati, -te,
†ojaste, far†onde,
kâmravâ, blessed,
îÚ ¦Ú ð ,
blaslaviony, blessed
beo-are, to
bless, make
ve (8E),
Script N21,
N87
vei (8EI),
Script N689
veia (8EIA),
Script R166,
G-4
veio (8EIœ),
Script Q243
veito (8EITœ);
Script N63,
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mobârak, ôÙ õ÷
blessed, happy,
fortunate (Persian)
, dalotsa,
blessed (Georgian)
to make grow, elevate; strengthen, inspire, be
blessed or fortunate
†
ra’imu, beloved,
kanûtu, (an epithet
of goddesses),
honored,
worshipped,
iši tu, beloved
object, desirable,
supplies, useful,
need, necessities,
etc., mud du,
beloved one,
namaddu,
nar mtu, beloved
one, favorite,
nar mu, beloved
one, favorite, he
who loves, love,
free will, good will,
etc., ašduk, adj.,
beloved or the like,
kunnû, adj.,
beloved, smoothed,
honored (said of
deities)
†
(Belarusian)
blaùen, blessed
(Croatian)
blogoslawiony,
blessed (Polish)
deivatai, blessedly
(Baltic-Sudovian)
sv t ts, blessed
(Latvian)
binecuvântat,
blagoslovit, blessed,
happy (Romanian)
siunattu, blessed
(Finnish-Uralic)
†
… „ÏÛ ‡€„V,
evlogiménos, blessed
(Greek)
ü‘Þ“•ŽÜ, orhnvats,
blessed, sanctified
(Armenian)
i bekuar, blessed, charmed
(Albanian)
†
happy;
beatus-a-um,
blessed,
prosperous,
happy
beannaigh, blessed (Irish)
beannaichte, blessed (Scott)
bendigedig (bendigaid),
adj. wonderful, blessed
(Welsh)
beato, blessed, happy,
benedetto, blessed (Italian)
béni, blessed (French)
us(a)nu, bless, to treat,
usantri / usantrai,
blessings, bringing
blessings, bringing gains
(Hittite)
†
†
blessed [<OE
bletsian, bless],
prosperous
[<Lat, prosper
-are, to make
fortunate];
benediction
[<Lat.
benedictio]
11-22
place, œelcha, a
town of
Campania
11-23
keses, par
kandan, rudan,
dozdidan, ²Àþ³×³ to
pluck, snatch,
abduct (Persian)
,
daidzabeba, to pluck
(Georgian)
lun ti, to gather, to strip off feathers, to cut,
sever, mow, pluck, hew down, tear asunder,
pierce, destroy, cut off, muT, moTate, to break
or pluck off; hID, heDati, heQate, helate, to
ve†, afflict, be angry or hostile, pluck out
uttupu, to pluck,
qat pu, to pluck,
pick fruit, be be
picked, trimmed,
etc., qatpu, adj.,
plucked, našma u,
plucked thing?,
na pu, to be
plucked, torn out. to
tear out, ni pu,
plucking, šummutu,
plucked branch,
tappištu, plucking
apart, combing
(Akkadian)
Ë
, zryva , to
pluck (Belarusian)
iskoristiti, to pluck
(Croatian)
skuba , to pluck
(Polish)
nopl kt, to pluck
(Latvian)
pentru a scoate, to
pluck, œALER,
name (Romanian)
ryöstää, to pluck
(Finnish-Uralic)
€
«‡ÿ Š, na mazépsei, to
pluck (Greek)
Õ!Œ–, gtsÅel, to pluck
(Armenian)
për të rrëmbyer, to pluck
(Albanian)
ateratzea, erauzi, to pluck
(Basque)
vello, vellere,
velli [vulsi,
volsi], volsum
[volsum], to
pull, twitch, to
pluck out;
vulsus-a-um,
plucked,
smooth
a pluck, to pluck (Irish)
a 'plucadh, to pluck (Scott)
i ffynnu, plicio, to pluck,
peel, strip (Welsh)
coglier, to pluck (Italian)
cueillir, to pluck, arracher,
to snatch (French)
N194, N268,
N304, N324,
N333, N483,
N491, N505,
N700, N725,
Q488, Q500,
R394
town of Falerri?
family name?
œalerus is a
common Roman
name. Note that
the suffi†, "ei"
designates a
personal name,
gen. sing., as
with Elenei and
ia (Helen of
Troy) or
Phersipnei (Gr.
Persephone; Lat.
Proserpina). The
word also
declines as a
verb. Phersipnei
is identifiable in
the Tomba del
Oro fresco; to
pluck [<OE
pluccian], pick
[Prob. Lat.
picus,
woodpecker]
velcia
(8ELCIA),
Script AT-3,
velces
(8ELCES),
Script AT-5
œeLER
(8eLER),
Script Z11,
Z113, Z543,
Z551, Z561,
Z1423, œ-6
œelere
(8ELERE)
Script AL-8
œeLERE
(8eLERE),
Script Z50,
Z195, Z245,
Z842, Z851,
Z975, Z1073
œeLEREI
(8eLEREI),
Script Z1013
œeLERES
(8eLERES),
Script
AL-8, Aœ-7
œeLERI
(8eLERI),
Script Z1430;
œeLERS
(8eLEReS),
Script Z568
11-24
patti•, in pl. pattaya•, pad taya• (m. pl.),
infantry, caturagga, adj., consisting of four
members or parts; a complete army (infantry,
cavalry, elephants, chariots), s rathi•, k#att$,
charioteer
spâdhem, army,
aurva [-] adj., brave,
gallant, vâsha [-],
carriage, vehicle,
chariot (Avestan)
sarbâze piyâde,
Ö³ ¶% × ¤´&
pyadhenzam,
ç +>@³ ¶% infantry
(Persian)
, kveiti,
infantry,
€
,
kÅalata mdzgholi,
cart driver
(Georgian)
hur-ade, warrior,
maria=nni-,
charioteer (Hurrian)
ašannu, soldier,
lik s ri, a type of
soldier, lilu, lilu,
fem., liltu, liltu,
warrior, brave one,
¥ J„ , piachota,
infantry, ¥ §Ë K
K„, pryjezdùy ùo,
charioteer
(Belarusian)
pješaštvo, infantry,
voza bojnih kola,
charioteer
(Croatian)
piechota, infantry,
woXnica, charioteer
(Polish)
k jnieki, infantry,
ratiYš, charioteer
(Latvian)
infanterie,
infantry, ofer de
ofer, chariot driver
(Romanian)
jalkaväki, infantry,
kilpa-ajaja,
charioteer (FinnishUralic)
• «Š-„ˆ, pezikoú, infantry,
ۀЄ‰„V, iníochos, charioteer
(Greek)
Þ‘Ž˜Õ•ÔÑÓ•Ô“,
hradzgutÅyun, infantry,
°Ž”Ž‘®’\, kakhardichÅ,
charioteer (Armenian)
këmbësori, infantry,
karrocierit, charioteer
(Albanian)
tropa, tropak, troops,
gurdiaren gidaria, chariot
driver (Basque)
veles-itis, pl.
velites,
light-armed
infantry,
skirmishers
coisithe, infantry, tiománaí
chariot, chariot driver
(Irish)
coisearachd, infantry,
dràibhear carbadan, chariot
driver (Scott)
cychod, infantry, gyrrwr
carriot, chariot driver
(Welsh)
fanteria, infantry, auriga,
charioteer (Italian)
infanterie, infantry, cocher,
charioteer (French)
ant, charioteer, leader,
k#atri* [B k#atriye],
warrior, nobleman
(Tocharian)
light infantry
[<Ital. infante,
youth]?,
troops [<OFr
trope]
11-25
veli (8ELI),
Script
N563,
vels (8ELeS),
R80,
Q152, R103
ERINME^, army, KARAŠ,
troops, army, infantry, tuzzi-,
tuzziyant-, tutsiant, army,
tutsisesr, army camp?
tutsi, army, military force,
military camp, kula, an
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raksu, soldier in the
calvary or chariotry,
mariannu, chariot
driver, appati, in
muk l app ti,
chariot driver,
ašâtu, in muk l
ašâti, chariot driver,
kall bu, member of
the light troops
(special military
formation), kall b
šipirti, light troops
messenger, gunnu,
elite troops,
ašarittu, crack
troops, bu, troop
of soldiers, workers,
contingent, etc.,
umm nu, military
force, troops, army,
populace, work
force, personnel,
z ku, infantry
(Akkadian)
sam locayati, criticize, adhik#ipati, k#epa•,
taunt, censure, abuse, lun ti, to pluck
keses, par
kandan, rudan, to
pluck; sarzanes
kardan, to taunt
†orde gereftan,
musekâfi kardan,
nekuhidan, to
criticise,
enteghad kardan,
²³´µ ³ `Ä{¿ to criticize,
mochi kardan, ¢|÷
²³´µ mock, deride,
taunt, dozdidan,
²Àþ³×³ to abduct, rob,
pluck, etc. (Persian)
,
imitÅirebul, mock,
•
,
airchie bumbuli, to
pick feathers
(Georgian)
uttupu, to pluck,
qat pu, to pluck,
pick fruit, be be
picked, trimmed,
etc., qatpu, adj.,
plucked, našma u,
plucked thing?,
na pu, to be
plucked, torn out. to
tear out, ni pu,
plucking (Akkadian)
army, ninda tutsi, soldier
bread (Hittite)
Ê
Ê
,
krytykava ,
criticize, É¥¹Ú Ê ,
špi}ka, taunt,
Ë
, zryva , to
pluck (Belarusian)
kritikovati,
criticize,
podsmijeh, taunt,
osmjeliti, to pluck
(Croatian)
krytykowa ,
criticize, kpina,
taunt, podroby, to
pluck (Polish)
kritiz t, criticize,
nievas, taunt,
nolaist, to pluck
(Latvian)
a critica, criticize,
œELIC, bailiff,
familly name in
Moldavia/Romania,
batjocurÎ, taunt,
potroace, to pluck
(Romanian)
arvostella, criticize,
kiusata, taunt,
nyppiä, to pluck
(Finnish-Uralic)
-ºŠ‚Š- º¬, kritikáro,
criticise, ‰ …
óV,
chlevasmós, taunt, -ó~¬,
kóvo, to pluck (Greek)
ï““Ž®Ž¯Œ–,
vellico-are, to
kÅnnadatel, criticize,
pluck, twitch,
Õ!Œï, gtsÅekÅ, to pluck
taunt, criticise
(Armenian)
kritikoj, criticize, shpuploj,
to pluck feathers, etc., këpus,
to pluck (Albanian)
ayãn [ayare]
jimat [jim]
(Avestan)
ãmadan,
to
come (Persian)
, mosvla, to
come (Georgian)
nun- , nun(-a)-, un-,
to come, to bring,
ši-(a-) to come
(Urartian)
un-, n-, to come, to
bring (Hurrian)
az, aznoti, aznute, eSya, to come, future; at,
atati, -te, to walk about, wander, run {sam}, go
or come to
10 of 20
er bu, come, of
taxes or months, to
enter, , to enter into
the king or god’s
presence, to invade,
to penetrate, to
return, to arrive, to
go home, etc.,a û,
come out of a
temple, etc, depart,
go out, escape, to
leave, gar šu, to
come/go to
someone, râ u, to
come, to come to
help, to let go,
ribu, coming,
admi ed,*mar ašû,
adj., coming from
(Akkadian)
,
prychodzi , to
come (Belarusian)
do i, to come
(Croatian)
przyj , to come
(Polish)
per, gubat, pereite,
to come (BalticSudovian)
n kt, to come
(Latvian)
a veni, to come;
VINE, he/she
comes; VINO!
come! (Romanian)
tulla, to come
(Finnish-Uralic)
q , na értho,
, érchomai, to come,
(Greek)
, gal, to come
(Armenian)
te vish, to come (Albanian)
venio, venire,
veni, ventum
cáineadh, to criticize, taunt,
taunt, cleití a phiocadh,
pick feathers (Irish)
càineadh, criticize,
miannachadh, taunt,
tarraing itean, pick feathers
(Scott)
beirniadu, to adjudicate,
criticize, judge, dannod,
taunt, dewiswch plu, pick
feathers (Welsh)
criticare, criticize, insulto,
schernire, taunt, coraggio,
to pluck (Italian)
critiquer, criticize, raillerie,
taunt, cueillir, to pluck
(French)
criticise, taunt,
pluck, twitch,
mock, criticise
[Gk. kritikos,
able to discern];
critique,
[<Fr. critique]
velic (8ELIC),
Script •58,
11-26
8eNER Script
Z146, Z1853 ,
Script Z150,
Z1853
8eNES, Script
tar, to come (Irish)
K43;
tighinn,to come (Scott)
8eNeSI,
to come [<OE
i ddod, to come (Welsh)
Veneti?, K52;
cuman], to
venire, to come (Italian)
veno (8ENV),
happen, arrive
venir, to come (French)
Script N41
8eNV, Script
General note:
käm- [B käm-], to come
N268;
both spellings
(Tocharian)
Context:
Awi, to come (Luvian)
(8ENV) and
8eNV Pe
kis, to become;
FEN> are
LERE: TRI8
ari, Ar/R to come, arrive at,
probably the verb (TRIB):
anda uwa-, uwa-,
"to come,"
we->,ue/uua, we/wa,
venio>
Venvs
u zzi, to come, ehu!, come!
(8ENVS),
tija, to come approach,
11-27
Script Q152?
become; ta, to come, to
See also:
take (Hittite)
FEN, Script,
BD-14,
FENA, Script,
XB-3, J2-5,
FENE, Script
AK-4; PB-7,
FENI, Script
M81
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satyam, in truth, tattvata•, in reality, itthA,
adv., right,well, really, truly, vasanta•, Spring
Anâhitâ, Anâhid,
Venus (Persian)
, venera,
Venus (Georgian)
€•€ ‚, Vieniera,
Venus (Belarusian)
Venera, Venus
(Croatian)
Wenus, Venus
(Polish)
Venera, Venus
(Latvian)
Venus, Venera,
Venus (Romanian)
Venus, Venus
(Finnish-Uralic)
‚— ‚, pra˜da,
truth, ™›œ•‚,
viasna, Spring
asha [-] Asha, truth, (Belarusian)
righteousness, world istina. truth,
order, eternal law,
Prolje e, Spring
fitness, zî, indeed,
(Croatian)
for, because
prawda, truth,
(Avestan)
wiosna, Spring
haghighat, Ž•••‘
(Polish)
truth, bahâr, “”•–
paties•ba, truth,
Spring (Persian)
Pavasaris, Spring
,
(Latvian)
simartle, truth
adevžr, truth, Arc,
(Georgian)
primžvarž, Spring
(Romanian)
totuus, truth, kevät,
Spring (FinnishUralic)
ƒ„ …†‡ˆ, Afrodíti (Greek)
‰Š‹ŠŒ , Venera, Venus
(Armenian)
Venus, Venus (Albanian)
Ÿ q¡ , alítheia, truth,
¢ £ˆ, ánoixi, Spring
(Greek)
¤¥¦ Œ§¨©ª«¨©‹¬,
chshmartut’yuny, truth,
Œ¨©‹, garun, Spring
(Armenian)
e vërtetë, truth, pranverë,
Spring
(Albanian)
egiatasun, truth, udaberri,
Spring (Bas-ue)
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venus-iris,
charm,
lovelines, love,
a loved one;
personif. Venus,
goddess of
love; also
called
Proserpina-ae,
daughter of
Ceres
Véineas, Venus (Irish)
Venus, Venus, (Scott)
Gwener, Friday, Venus
(Welsh)
Venere, Venus (Italian)
Vénus, Venus (French)
fírinne, truth, cinte, indeed,
earrach, Spring (Irish)
fìrinn, truth, an earraich,
Spring (Scott)
gwirionedd, truth,
gwanwyn, Spring (Welsh)
verita, truth; vero, truth,
reality,
primavera, Spring; (Italian)
vérité, truth; vrai, adj. true,
correct,
printemps, Spring (French)
Venus?
11-28
truth [<OE
treowth]? Spring
[<OE springan]?
verily [<ME
verray, true]
ver, veris,
Spring;
verus-a-um,
true, real, just,
11-29
reasonable,
right duty; adv.
vero, in truth;
adv. vere, truly,
ats (part.), atsek (part.)
really, rightly
atsa® (adv.), indeed, in fact
(Tocharian)
Venvs
(8ENVS),
Script Q152;
Phersipnei,
Tomba
del Oro
ver (8ER)
Script Q107,
Q342, Q360,
Q376, Q459
veri (8ERI)
Lat. m. single,
veri, Script
N280
ima, truly, really, indeed,
anda imma, indeed
(Hittite)
abarša, truely,
surely, ikkitti, in
truth, kittu, in truth,
truly, justly,
correctly, etc.,
k n tu, truth,
permanency,
stability, loyalty,
etc., k niš,
truthfully, steadily,
loyally, in due form,
correct behavior,
duly, etc., t šu,
Spring (Akkadian)
mayamxmayamfemayammayammayam,
fear, bibheti, to fear
tarsidan, •¯°± to
fear (Persian)
,
shishi, to fear
(Georgian)
deraš-, to fear
(Urartian)
ug-, to fear
(Hurrian)
ad ru, adirtu,
edirtu, idirtu,
idištu, fear,
apprehension,
unhappiness,
an nu, fear, ad riš,
in fear, ad ru, to
fear the diety,
respect the oath,
ar ru, to fear, to
become agitated,
pal u, to be afraid,
to frighten, to
reduce to fear, to
perform service, to
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vereor-eri-itus,
fear;
²‚› ‚, bajacca, to
fear (Belarusian)
bojati se, to fear
(Croatian)
ba si³, to fear
(Polish)
baid•ties, to fear
(Latvian)
sž se teamž, to fear,
a-i fi fricž, to fear,
misgive
(Romanian)
pelätä, to fear
(Finnish-Uralic)
„ ´ó µ‡¡,
na fovómaste, to fear,
¶¡· ¸, Deimos, fear, terror,
dread, brother of „ó´ ¸,
Phobos, panic (Greek)
¹ ºŠ‹ , vakhenal, to fear
(Armenian)
për t'u frikësuar (Albanian)
eagla, fear (Irish)
eagal, fear (Scott)
i ofn, to fear (Welsh)
temere, to fear, timore, fear
(Italian)
avoir peur, to fear, timide,
fearful
(French)
nahh->, n hi, nah/nahh,
nahsrie/a, to fear, revere,
show respect for a diety, be
careful, nahsrat, fear,
fright, respect, reverence,
awe, frightfulness,
nahsrnu, to make someone
afraid, nahuasa/i, fearful,
fearsome, uerite/uerit,
werite/werit, werites, fear,
to be frightened,
weritema, fear. fright,
pituliant, fearful, worried,
intimidated (Hittite)
to be afraid, fear
[<OE f»r]; to
have respect for
[<Lat.
respecto-are, to
look eargerly
back at] revere
[<Lat. revereor
-vereri veritus];
dread [<OE
draedan],
mayhem, willful,
violent
destruction,
riotous disorder,
confusion [<OFr.
mahaignier],
petulant,
ill-tempered,
unreasonably
irritable [<Lat.
verier
(8ERIER)
Script Q278
See also:
TIMAM, Acc.,
Script XC-6,
TIMEM,
Script N123
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awe, etc.
(Akkadian)
petulans],
timorous, fearful,
timid [<Lat.
timere]
11-30
x
x
x
x
x
x
Veronia, place;
Verona?
VeRONIA
(8eRONIA)
Script AP-7
11-31
pari- vartayati, to spin, gh r¼ate, to revolve,
klath, klathati, to turn around; val, valati, -te, to
turn, return, break forth, appear, cause to
turn or roll, turn away
carxes, gardes, turn,
gastan, ½¾¿À to turn,
(mhmany v ghyrh)
dvrh) (Á°•Â à ÄŔƕ )
Á“ÃÇ whirl, (Persian)
•
, chartot,
to turn (Georgian)
ubbuku, to turn
upside down upset,
gar ru, to turn or
roll over, eg ru, to
twist, become
twisted, perverse,
cross, confused,
maneuver for a
position, to feint,
stumble, hobble,
egru, twisted,
crossed, crooked,
perverse, pas lu,
turn around, to
twist, nap u, to turn
upside down, to tear
down, demolish, dig
out, dig up, etc
(Akkadian)
ad [-], to eat
(Avestan)
khordan, Ç“ÐÑ to
eat (Persian) ‚
,
ch’ama , to eat
(Georgian)
kh dati, atti, to eat, bhojaka, adj., eating; valbh,
valbhate, to eat, taste; ghas, ghasti, to devour,
swallow, eat
niÒedhati, to forbid, interdict, prohibit, sidh,
sedhati, -te, to drive off, scare away, keep off,
prevent, forbid, refuse, deny; vR, vRNoti,
vRNute,
varati, -te, to cover, veil, hide, enclose,
surround, guard, hinder, restrain, keep back,
exclude, forbid
at-, to eat (Urartian)
zaz, to eat, make eat
(Hurrian) ak lu, to
eat, consume,
provide for oneself,
pat nu, to eat a
meal, consume,
provide a meal
(Akkadian)
ghadaghan kardan,
Ç°Ó ½Â Ô to forbid,
ban, bâzdâstan, to
veto, forbid
(Persian)
, vet’o, to
veto,
,
ak’rdzalva, to forbid
(Georgian)
asakku, in b t
asakki, forbidden
place, ikkibu,
forbidden thing,
interdicted place or
action (Akkadian)
‚™› •È ‚,
paviarnucca, to turn
(Belarusian)
okrenuti, to turn
(Croatian)
skr³ci , to turn
(Polish)
pagriezties, to turn
(Latvian)
a intoarce, to turn,
învârti, to spin,
revolve, rotate,
twirl, turn, twist
(Romanian)
kääntyä, to turn
(Finnish-Uralic)
€œ , jesci, to eat
(Belarusian)
jesti, to eat
(Croatian)
je , to eat (Polish)
ate, te, jesc, to eat
(Polish)
st, to eat (Latvian)
sž mžnânce, to eat
(Romanian)
syödä, to eat
(Finnish-Uralic)
‚™‚ ™€Õ‚,
prava vieta, to veto,
‚²‚ ‚• ,
zabarani , to forbid
(Belarusian)
veto, to veto,
zabraniti, to forbid
(Croatian)
weto, to veto,
zakaza , to forbid
(Polish)
perbiletum, to
deny; draude, to
forbid (BalticSudovian)
veto, to veto,
aizliegt, to forbid
ÉÊ †µ¡ , na gyrísei, to
turn, ÉÊ †Ë , gyrízo, to turn,
whirl, rotate, tornévo, to
turn (Greek)
ÌÍ ÎϦ¨©¦ Š¦, Yes dimum
yem, to turn (Armenian)
Unë kthehem,
kthehem nga, to turn,
rrotullohem, revolve
(Albanian)
„¢ , na fáo, to eat
(Greek)
¨©§Š , utel, to eat
(Armenian)
për të ngrënë, to eat
(Albanian)
casadh, to turn (Irish)
gus tionndadh, to turn
(Scott)
i droi, to turn (Welsh)
girare, to turn, x tornire,
verto [vorto]
voltare, to turn (Italian)
-vertere, verti,
tourner, to turn; se
versum, to turn,
reverser, to turn, virer, to
turn around,
transfer, turn, fire, veer,
turn up; to turn sack, bank (French)
oneself
wahnu->, wahnu, uahnu,
to turn something,
someone, ne, n a, nai/ni,
ne/nai/ni, to turn to
someone, turn onself, send,
wehzi, to turn, ueh,
weh/wah, to turn oneself,
to patrol, wahadr/wahan
/wehadr/wehan, turning
(Hittite)
vescor-i; to eat;
vescus-a-um,
consumming,
wasted, thin;
Ith, to eat (Irish)
a dh'itheadh, to eat (Scott)
bwyta, to eat, mess,
corrode; llewa, to eat,
devour; ysu (ys), to
consume, eat (Welsh)
mangiare, to eat, (Italian)
manger, to eat; (French)
súwa, to eat (Tocharian)
#ata, to eat, (Palaic)
et-, ud-, to eat (Nesian)
zzi, ezza/ezz, d->, ed/ad,
to eat, #at, to eat, (Hittite)
to turn [<Gk.
tornos, lathe],
avert, to turn
away [<Lat.
avertere]
11-32
to eat [<OE
etan], use, enjoy;
ingest, to take in
by swallowing
[<Lat. ingere
-gerere -gessi
-gestum, to
carry or put in or
upon]; bite [<OE
bitan]; porridge
[<pottage? boiled
cereal]
veto (voto)
votare, vetitum,
to forbid
a chasg, to forbid (Scott)
i wahardd, gwahardd, to
forbid (Welsh)
vietare, to forbid,x veto,
veto, proibire,
prohibit (Italian)
veto, veto, interdire,
empécher, prohiber, to
forbid (French)
ves (8ES)
Script Q95,
Q152, Q95,
Q152
vesi (8ESI),
Script
Z1326
11-33
a thoirmeasc, to forbid
(Irish)
´ ‡ , véto, to forbid (Greek)
¹Š§¨, veto, to veto,
Œ Š Š , argelel, to forbid
(Armenian)
veto, to veto, për të ndaluar ,
to forbid (Albanian)
verto (8ERTV)
Script Q107,
Q117, Q127,
Q139, Q152,
R359, R381,
R459, R474,
R542, R557
to forbid [<OE
forbeodan],
prohibit [<Lat,
prohibeo-ere],
veto,
11-34
veta (8ETA),
Script Q117,
Q217
vetes
(8ETES),
Script Q487
veto (8ETV),
Script N11,
N21, N53,
N280, N294,
N363, N435,
N476, N522,
N533, N543,
N553, N582,
N590, N607,
N624, N638,
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N647, N660,
N676, Q55,
N660, N676,
Q53, Q74,
Q84, Q273,
Q229, R270,
R278, R286,
R294, R314,
R325, R334
(Latvian)
veto, to veto, a
interzice, to forbid
(Romanian)
veto, to veto,
kieltää, to forbid
(Finnish-Uralic)
x
x
VI, to you - pl.
(Romanian)
x
x
ve, vi, to you (Italian)
to you?
vi (8I), Script
N41, G31
11-35
jân, zendegi, life;
hasti, zist, existence,
hayât,
life
(Persian)
,
tskhovreba, life
(Georgian)
aj va , alive, jIvAtu, life; sattA, existence,
being
šu -ori / šo -ori /
še -eri, alive,
šu uri, life, ulgu-š ,
ulgu=še, life
(Urartian)
še -iri, alive,
šu ur-ni, še ur-ni,
še urni,life
(Hurrian)
napšu, life, breath,
mudeššû, life-giver,
napištu, in b l
napišti, life-giver,
protector, one who
has right of
vengeance, nabl u,
life-giving, healing,
napištu, life, vigor,
vitality, good health,
self, etc. (Akkadian)
, žyccio, life
(Belarusian)
život, life, vijek,
century, life, age,
time, era (Croatian)
ycie, life (Polish)
dz ve, life (Latvian)
via , life,VIE,
alive (Romanian)
elämä, life (FinnishUralic)
Z , OI, bios, life;
(Greek)
, kyank’y, life
(Armenian)
jetë, life (Albanian)
vita-ae, life,
victus-us,
livelihood,
sustenance,
way of life,
via-ae, way,
path, road
saol, life, world, society,
beatha, life, food (Irish)
beatha, life (Scott) bywyd,
life (Welsh)
vita, life (Italian)
la vie, life (French)
life [<OE lif],
livelihood,
existence [<Lat.
existere]?
11-36
TI, life, huiszi, huis/hus, to
live (Hittite)
via (8IA)
Nom. Single,
Script N357
(part of viato?)
vias (8IAS),
Acc. pl. Script
R633
vie (8IE),
Nom. Pl.?,
Script Q11,
Q33
VIKTO
(8IKTV), 2nd.
Decl. Dat. Abl.
Script, N690,
N723
(See via
below;
via, vias,
probably "way,
path.")
patha [pathan],
road, path
(Avestan)
râh €,way, road,
path, route, jâdde,
• ‚ road (Persian)
pathi, pathin, path gavtu, way, course,
r japatha, street
ƒ„…†‡„ƒ„…†‡„,
daroha, road
, gza, way, road (Belarusian)
(Georgian)
cesta, road, put,
road, way, path
(Croatian)
daraggu,
droga,
way, road,
nardamtu, path,
path, route, tract,
arhu, path, road,
pathway (Polish)
girru, path, road,
journey, caravan,
cenjes, gatve, road
business trip,
(Baltic-Sudovian)
military campaign,
ceˆš, way, road,
etc., giridû, path, to route, gateway,
lay out a path,
lane, passage
giridû, path forming (Latvian)
a way between
cale, path, way,
fields, ribu, street,
route, track, road,
rib tu, street, main
street, thoroughfare, means, drum, road,
way, path, journey,
m taqu, street,
route, street
walkway,
(Romanian)
thoroughfare,
tie, road, way, path,
passage, m tequ,
route, track,
path, road, march,
passage, arr nu, pathway, reitti,
path, road, highway, route, path, way,
trip, journey, travel, track, line, passage
(Finnish-Uralic)
road, etc., kibsu,
path, gait, tracks,
approach, traces,
nam ru, path,
clearing, pad nu,
path, way, a crease
on a sheep's liver,
t luku, path,
course, way, etc.,
tallaktu, road, way,
path, approach,
walk, passage,
advance, movement,
traffic, ways,
‰Šó‹†Œ, dromos, way, road,
street, (Greek)
W-jampa; E-janabar, road,
•Ž••, ughi, way
(Armenian)
rrugë, street, way, road,
path, route, avenue
(Albanian)bidea, bedezior,
via-ae, way;
viator-oris, a
traveller,
wayfarer,
messenger;
viaticus-a-um,
relating to a
journey; also
money, savings
or prize
bhealach, way, route (Irish)
slighe, way (Scott)
llwybr-au, path, track, aisle,
alley, corridor; ffordd
(ffyrdd), way, road,
distance; heol-ydd, road;
(Welsh)
la via, way; viaggiatore,
traveller (Italian)
la voie, way, voyageur,
traveller; chemin, rue, road
(French)
hrua, road (Luvian)
harawa, harwa, a road,
path, plsa, palsas, path,
road, campaign, journey,
caravan, occasion,
palsiiahh, to set on the
road, idr, way? (Hittite)
way [<OE weg,
road], passage,
course, march,
street, road [<OE
rad], journey,
method, route
[<OFr.], path,
[<OE p æth],
drag (slang),
road, street
11-37
via (8IA), or
viato (8IATV)
Script N357
vias (8IAS),
Script R633;
see note 4) on
mënyrë, as the
Albanian word
for "way" may
refer to the
menhirs that
marked the old
Indo-European
routes
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behavior, procedure,
a cart or wagon,
(Akkadian)
dainghu) dah'yunãm
[dah'yu], country
people, region
(Avestan)
dehkade, hamlet,
• –—„, vioska,
village, ‡†…„ƒ,
horad, city, town
(Belarusian)
selo, village, Grad,
city, town
(Croatian)
gr ma , village, dwelling-place, community,
wioska, village,
tribe, race, troop, people, nagaram, puram, city,
Miasto, city, town
town, padra, village; palli, a small village, esp. amahhu, city wall,
(Polish)
a settlement of wild tribes; kheta, a kind of
*ard, town (Hurrian) ciems, village,
village or small town, shield
pils ta, city, town
ru, city, lû, liu,
(Latvian)
laju, fem. laj tu,
sat, village,
city dweller,
countryside, ora˜,
amumunna, city
city, town
gate, adašu, town,
(Romanian)
lišam, village by
village, each village, kylä, village,
kapru, village
kaupunki, city, town
situate in the open
(Finnish-Uralic)
country, farm,
suburban settlement
around a city, region
outside a town,
(Akkadian)
deh, • village,
shahr, ‘“” city
(Persian)
, sopeli,
village,
,
kalaki, city, town
(Georgian)
¬…„•-®-¯, pravizija,
victuals,
°„…±„•„²²³,
char´avannie,
nourishment,
–…†ƒ—- ƒ„
-–²„•„²²¯,
srodki da
isnavannia,
livelihood
(Belarusian)
hrana, victuals,
nourishment,
izdržavanje,
livelihood
(Croatian)
artykuøy
spo ywcze,
,
victuals, pokarm,
saarsebo sashualeba, nourishment,
livelihood
utrzymanie,
(Georgian)
livelihood, ycie,
life (Polish)
dieni, victuals,
bar ba, barošana,
še iri, living
nourishment, iztika,
(Urartian)
livelihood, dz ve,
še ir , living
life (Latvian)
(Hurrian)
merinde, alimente,
victuals, food,
alimentaµie, hran ,
nourishment, trai,
livlihood
a du, liquid food
(Romanian)
served in a dish,
muona, victuals,
aiwa, food made
ravinto,
from emmer, aš bu, nourishment,
to live, to reside,
toimeentulo,
stay somewhere, sit livelihood (Finnishdown, wait, sit idly, Uralic)
mourn, officiate (of
kings, etc.),
populated, napištu,
hvaretha [-], food
(Avestan)
khvarbar, € £€ ¤¥
victuals, food,
alimentation,
chorâk, parvar,
nourishment, ghazâ,
¦§ food,
nourishment, zyst,
¨©ª« life,
livelihood,
subsistence,
(Persian)
,
metskhoveleoba,
victuals,
,
k’vebis,
nourishment,
jagdh, eating, food, victuals;
h ra , aliment, food, nourishment,
po¡a¢amn, nourishment, j vanam, subsistence,
livelihood, maintenance
™Š›ó, chorió, village, œó•Ÿ,
póli, city, town, (Greek)
•Ž• , gyughy, village,
•
, k’aghak’y, city,
town (Armenian)
fshati, katund,village,
countryside, qytet, city,
town (Albanian)
viculus-i,
village,
urb-bis, walled
city or town,
especially
Rome
sráidbhaile, village,
chathair, city (Irish)
baile, village, bhaile, city
(Scott)
pentref -i-ydd, village,
hamlet, homestead,
dinas-oedd, city, caer-au
(ceyrydd), wall, rampart
castle, fort, fortress,
fastness, city (Welsh)
villaggio, village, città, city
(Italian)
village, village, ville, city
(French)
kuccat k [B kucat k],
tower, high house
(Tocharian)
gordum, zordum, a city
(Phrygian)
URU, city, kurtali, citadel
dweller, kurta, town,
hapiria/hapira, hapiriant
, town, place of trade
(Hittite)
¶Šó·›‹¸, trófima, victuals,
¹Šº»Ÿ, thrépsi,
nourishment,
¼›†œ†Š›½‹óŒ¼›†œ†Š›½‹óŒ,
bioporismós, livelihood
(Greek)
¾¿ •Ž¿ ¾¿, kerakurner,
victuals, À •Ž Á , snundy,
nourishment, ¿•ŽÀÕ
Ä•Å•Æ, aprusti mijots’,
livelihood (Armenian)
ushqime, victuals,
nourishment, jetesë,
livelihood (Albanian)
victus-us,
livlihood,
nourishment
deochanna, victuals,
cothaithe, nourishment, slí
bheatha, livelihood (Irish)
biadh, victuals,
nourishment, beòshlaint,
livelihood (Scott) bwyd,
victuals, maeth,
nourishment, bywoliaeth,
livelihood (Welsh)
vettovaglie, victuals,
nutrimento, nourishment,
mezzi di sussistenza,
livelihood, cibo, alimento,
food (Italian)
victuailles, victuals,
nourriture, nourishment,
moyen de subsistance,
livelihood, aliment,
nourriture, food (French)
a little village
[<Lat. villa,
country estate] or
hamlet [<OFr.
hamlet, of Gmc.
origin]; town
[<OE tun,
hamlet], city
[<Lat.civitas-atis,
citizenship,
community,
state]
fastness [<OE
faest, fast,
speedy, secure]
shire, [<OE sc r]
county, urban
VIKiLA
(8IKiLA),
Script R370,
R489, R499
VIKiLAS
(8IKiLAS),
Script R635
11-38
living, livelihood
[<OE lifladd],
manner of
life, nourishment
[<Lat. nutrio-ire
and nutrior-iri],
food [<OE foda];
sustenance
[<OFr. sustenir,
to sustain]; board
[<OE bord]
vikito
(8IKITV),
Script N676,
N711
11-39
ek, fodder (Tocharian)
edri, food,
sanhua, sanhuna,a food,
tsinail, food stuff, tsowa,
bread, huiszi, huis/hus, to
live (Hittite)
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livelihood, breath,
body, self, animals
counted in a herd,
vitality, vigor, life,
provisions,
sustenance, etc.
(Akkadian)
barumand, ÈÉÊË‘£
fruitful, khosh, ̤¥
happy (Persian)
,
naq’opieri, fruitful,
,
bednieri, happy,
fortunate (Georgian)
pi¡uli, happy
(Urartian)
pic=o=nni, happy
(Hurrian)
phalavat, phalin, adj. fruitful, Çasyaprada ,
fruitful, fertile, dhanya , happy, fortunate,
sukhita, adj. joyful, happy; sujIvita, a happy
life; modin, adj. rejoicing, pleased, happy
damqu, dumqu,
good fortune, good
luck, to prosper,
treasure, dumuqtu,
good luck
friendliness,
damiqtu, good
relations, good
news, good luck,
fame, dam qu,
lucky, propitious, to
prosper, etc.,
damiqtu, luck,
goodness, good
news, etc.,
ilu, luck, good
fortune, image of a
deity, demon, deity,
god, etc., pesû, to
be happy, adû, to
be happy, rejoice
(Akkadian)
¬Í ²²ÎÏ,
plionnuju, fruitful,
б„–Í-• ,
š´aslivy, happy
(Belarusian)
plodan, fruitful,
sretan, happy
(Croatian)
owocny, fruitful,
szczÑÇliwy, happy
(Polish)
augl gs, fruitful,
laim gs, happy
(Latvian)
roditor, rodnic,
prolific, fertil,
fruitful, fericit,
happy (Romanian)
hedelmällinen,
fruitful, onnellinen,
happy (FinnishUralic)
felix-icis,
fruitful;
Ò¸Šœ†·óŠ†Œ,
feliciter,
karpofóros, ÓÔ·†Š†Œ éfforos fruitfully,
fruitful, ÓÕ¶Õ ÖŒ, eftychís,
auspiciously,
happy (Greek)
successfuly
×¾•Ä Ø•¿, beghmnavor,
vilicus-i, m. a
fruitful, ¾¿Å • , yerjanik, bailiff, steward,
happy (Armenian)
overseer of an
i frytshëm, fruitful, i lumtur, estate
happy (Albanian)
sharâb, wine
(Persian)
, ghvino,
wine (Georgian)
madira, wine,
sava , wine. liquor
•-²†, vino, wine
(Belarusian)
vino, wine
arazapanatašu,
(Belarus)
vineyard keeper,
vino, wine
mutinnu, wine,
(Croatian)
abburu, a
vino, wine (Serboqualification of
wine, kar nu, wine, Croatian)
wino, wine (Polish)
grapevine, grapes,
kar nu, in b t
vinas, wine (Baltickar ni, wine cellar, Sudovian)
tavern, vineyard,
v ns, wine
kar nu, in rab
(Latvian) VIN,
kar ni, wine
wine; VIA, VIE,
master, kar nu, in
the vineyard
ša kar nišu, wine
(Romanian)
peddler, kar n
l nu, a kind of vine viini, wine
(Finnish-Uralic)
the the wine made
of its fruit
(Akkadian)
f’y, ÜÝÞ viper, mâr,
€ Ê snake (Persian)
‡„ƒ®Ï—„, hadziuka,
torthúil, fruitful, sásta,
happy (Irish)
measail, fruitful, sona,
happy (Scott)
ffrwythlon, fruitful, fertile,
prolific, fecund; , cnydfawr,
cnydiog, fruitful,
productive, hapus, happy
(Welsh)
fruttuoso, fecundo, fruitful,
felice, adj. happy, glad,
lucky, felicitous (Italian)
feliciter, to congratulate
to complement French)
oko, [B oko] fruit, result,
effect (Tocharian)
usantri/usantrai, bringing
blessings, gains, miantila,
fruitful, mianu, to make
vine branches fruitful,
tuskruant, happy, glad,
tusknu (duusganu),
dusganu, to make happy,
(Hittite)
fruitful [Lat.
fruor, frui,
fructus, and
fruitus, to enjoy],
fertile [<Lat.
fertilis-e]; transf.
lucky [<MDu.
luc], successful;
happy [<ON
happ, fortune,
chance,
occurrence]
VILiK
(8ILiK),
"overseer"
Script 489,
Au95
FILiK, Script
TC127, Au95
See Filik
11-40
fíon, wine (Irish)
fìon, wine (Scott)
gwin (Breton) gwin-oedd,
wine (Welsh)
vino, wine (Italian)
vin, wine (French)
ÒŠ¸½Ù, krasí, †ÙÚ†Œ, oínos,
wine (Greek)
• • , ginin, wine
(Armenian)
verë, wine (Albanian)
† ›ß, ochiá, viper, ·Ùå›, fídi,
snake, serpent (Greek)
vinum-i, wine
viper-ae, viper,
wiana/i, wina/i, vine
(Luvian) wiana/i, wina/i,
vine, winia, wian,
GEÛTIN, wine, winiant,
wine diefied (Hittite)
11-41
vin (FIN),
Script 1397,
TC120 vinum
(8INVM),
Script 47,
64, 164,
197, 272,
1073, 1352
vina (FINA),
Script TC-7
viper [<Lat.
viper (8IPER),
wine [<Lat.
vinum]
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da¢çaÇuka , viper, sarpa , snake, serpent,
vihrut, a snake or worm; arbuda, a snake
, vepkhvi,
viper,
, gveli,
viper, ®è³¯, zmieja,
snake, serpent
snake, serpent
(Georgian)
(Belarusian)
asq du, snake, also poskok, viper,
zmija, snake,
a rodent, nir u, a
little snake,
serpent (Croatian)
mušma u, a
mija, viper, wê ,
mythical snake,
snake, serpent
(Polish)
ru, snake, jug,
viper, odze, viper,
ar aru, ar’u,
´îska,
snake,
ulma u, šibbu,
urnu, pu m u, a serpent (Latvian)
viper , viper,
snake, allamtu, a
ïarpe, snake,
snake, a tree, a
serpent,
dragon
plant, a bird, a black
(Romanian)
stone, probably
kyykäärme,
kyy,
basalt, kupp , a
snake, eel-like fish, viper, käärme,
snake, serpent,
a bird, kur indu, a
(Finnish-Uralic)
snake, plates of
armor, a hatchet,
napp tu, a snake,
šeleppû, snake,
turtle, irtu, female
snake, plant,
uršašillu, a kind of
a snake (Akkadian)
x
x
ؕ¾¿, viper, viper, ðñ ,
odzy, snake, serpent
(Armenian)
nëpërkë, viper, gjarpër,
snake, serpent, viper
(Albanian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1F,G.html
snake
serpens-entis,
serpent
viper, viper, nathair, snake
(Irish)
viper, viper, nathair,snake
(Scott)
gwiber-od, viper, adder;
neidr (nadroedd, nadredd),
snake, adder (Welsh)
vipera, viper, serpente,
snake (Italian)
vipôre, viper, serpent,
snake (French)
vipera, snake],
snake [<OE
snaca], serpent
11-42
suge, snake, serpent
(Basque)
r¡al [B ar¡ klo], snake
(Tocharian)
iluyanka/elyanku, snake,
serpent, MUŠ, snake
(Hittite)
x
god Virbius,
Hippolytus?
x
god Virbius,
Hippolytus?
11-43
võra [-], viro,
mashõm
[mashya], man
(Avestan)
mard, •‘Ê man,
manly, masculine,
brave, husband,
kas, kârgar, man,
nsan, ö ©÷ man,
human being,
mankind (Persian)
, k’atsi, man,
,
mamak’atsuri,
masculine
(Georgian)
±„Í„•³—, ´alaviek,
man, human,
èÎ ² , mužny,
manly, virile
(Belarusian)
muzcyna, man
(Belarus)
´ovjek, man,
muževan, manly,
virile, virilan,
muški, virile
(Croatian)
covek, man (Serbod tu, virility,
Croatian)
manliness, lullû,
czlowiek, man,
man, lummunumÑski, manly, virile
am lu, unfortunate (Polish)
man, e l tu,
cilv ks, man,
manliness,
manly, v rišù gs,
manhood, e liš,
manly,
virile
adv., manly,
(Latvian)
mu’ ru, murušû,
man, hero, mutu,
om, man,
man, husband,
b rb tesc, viril,
warrior, mutîtu,
virile (Romanian)
masculinity,
mies, man,
heroism, position of miehekäs, manly,
a husband, niš ,
virile (Finnishmankind,
Uralic)
humanbeings,
people, workmen,
etc., bibu,
mankind (lit.
noisemaker),
am l tu, mankind,
the human species,
people, mit artu,
mankind, totality,
širra u, man?,
abr tu, epât,
sulilannii, tabr tu,
mankind, urnatu,
synonym for male,
zakru, man, manly,
gardu, describing a
taršuani, 'aš=e man,
'-s(u)wa, man,
human being
(Urartian)
taržuwa-ni, man,
person, ta e,
ta e, ta e, ta ,
tur-o , tur=o= e,
adj. man, male
(Hurrian)
vira (man)
Script Q442,
Q481;
(see Note 3)
ßÚ劸Œ, ándras,
¸Ú劆œŠÓœÖŒ,
androprepís, manly (Greek)
Ä ¿Á, mard, man,
Õ Ä ¿Á
Æ,
tghamardkants’, manly,
virile (Armenian)
njeri, man, person, human
being,
burrëror, manly, virile
(Albanian)
gizon, man, gizontasuna,
masculinity (Basque)
fear, man (Irish)
fear, man (Scott)
vir, viri, a man dyn-ion, man, person,
fellow
[n.pl.], folk, folks;
homo-inis,
gwr (gwyr), ûr, husband,
human being,
man (Welsh)
man, mortal
uomo, maschio, virile,
mas, maris,
adj.virile, manly (Italian)
the male,
homme, man, viril, manly,
manly;
masculus-a-um, masculin, adj. (French)
male, manly,
s'om, s'aumo, man, täl,
bold;
man, male, oük [B eükwe],
genus-eris,
adult male (Tocharian)
birth, descent,
origin, race,
antuhsas, man, human
stock;
being,
LÚ, man,
vireo-ere, to be person, pesnas, man, gen.
green, vigorous, sing., pesan, pesn. psen,
healthy, fresh
man, male person, pisnadr/
pisnan, manhood, virility,
male parts, pesnili, manly,
in a manly way, ndohsadr/
ndohsan, mankind,
population (Hittite)
Vipina
(FIPINA) AT-9
Vipinas
(FIPINAS),
DD-2, DD-4
See Fipina,
Fipinas
vir (8IR),
Script 719
vira (8IRA),
Script
1780
viri (8IRI)
PM-5, XD-1
virin (8IRIN),
Script 748,
761
man [<OE man],
were-wolf [<OE
were-wulf]
11-44
Note 7:See
also pesnim,
N500, N671,
pesnimu,
(PESNIMV),
N221, N291,
N320, N333,
N444, N529,
N560, N604,
N638, Q162,
Q173, Q190,
Q192, Q194
See also,
OMNE
(VMNE), J9-8
Note 8, muski,
meski, The
Assyrians
referred to the
Phrygians as
"Muski"
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man, zikaru, male,
human and animal,
man, ram, a specific
quality of stones and
plants, cloud
formation, zikr tu,
manliness, heroism,
masculinity
(Akkadian)
bines, binâyi, vision,
negâh kardan, þ÷
ö•‘ÿ to look, didan,
öȪ• to see,
gasddâshtan, È!#
$%” • to aim
(Persian)
,
shekhedva, to look,
, nakhva, to
see,
,
miznad, to aim
(Georgian)
furi, sight, fîr-,
am-, to look, to see
(Hurrian)
ava-lokayati, to look, see, paÇyati, to behold,
locanapatha, path of the eyes, sphere of vision, dag lu, to look at,
look on with
lak¡ kýtya, to aim
indifference, own,
to take aim, to wait
for, to attend to,
belong to, d gilu,
looking, onlooker,
now, annu, see,
na lu, to see, to
have eyesight, to
look on, to witness,
etc., n ilu, adj.,
seeing, ni lu, look,
glance, gaze, abilty
to see, na&&alu, who
keeps looking,
ana/ina muhhi, to
look to (Akkadian)
‡Í¯ƒ®³ +, hliadzie>,
to look, @„± +,
ba´y>, to see,
²„ YÍ- +, naceli>,
to aim (Belarusian)
pogledati, to look,
vidjeti, to see,
usmjeri , to aim
(Croa an)
patrze>, to look,
zobaczy>, widzie>,
to see, zmierza> to
aim (Polish)
skat ties, to
look,redz t, to see,
m rù t, to aim
(Latvian)
A se uita, to look, a
vedea, to see, VIS,
dream; VI A, to
look at, s
urm reasc , to aim
(Romanian)
katsoa, to look,
nähdä, to see,
tähdätä, to aim
(Finnish-Uralic)
Ú¸ Ò†›¶ß\†Õ‹Ó,
na koitáxoume, to look,
¼•ºœ™, vlépo, see, Ú¸
½¶† ÓÔ†ÕÚ, na stochévoun,
to aim (Greek)
¾^, nayel, to look,
þÀ ¾^, tesnel, to see,
 à • ` À ¾^•Ž
` Ä ¿, npatakin hasnelu
hamar, to aim (Armenian)
te shohesh, to look, të
shikosh, to see,
marr shenjë, to aim
(Albanian)
Féach, to look, see, aidhm,
to aim (Irish)
gus coimhead, to look, Faic,
to see, a dh 'amas, to aim
(Scott)
disgwylo, to look, expect,
wait,
anticipate; edrych
(edrychyd), to look, behold,
gaze, inspect, i weld, to see,
i anelu, to aim i weld
(Welsh)
visio, visere,
visi, visum, to guardare, to look, visione,
vision,
look at, look
vedere, to see, mirare, to
into, see after,
aim (Italian)
to go to, see,
visit, call upon; regarder, to look, voir, to
visio-onis,
see, look, watch, behold,
seeing, view,
viser, to aim at, to
appearance,
sight, to take a
notion, idea
sight on, to concern, to
allude to, to refer to, miroir,
mirror (French)
to look [<OE
locian] look at,
look into,
envision, aim
[<OFr. aesmer, to
guess at],
English, mirror
[<Lat. mirari, to
wonder at],
vision, [<Lat.
videre, to see]
vis (8IS),
Script
N573
vises (8ISES),
Script BS-19,
BS-24
visio (8ISIV),
Script N491,
N513, N543,
N573, N590,
N615, N647,
N676, N711
11-45
mamna, to look at, regard
with favor, mana, to see
(Luvian)
mamana, to look to, at,
mna, to see, suw ye-{,
saguaia, saguaie/a, to look,
see, au-, u-, auszi, (u i) to
look, see (Hittite)
bhak¡ayati, grasate, to devour, bhojaka, adj.,
eating; valbh, valbhate, to eat, taste; ghas,
ghasti, to devour, swallow, eat; bharv, bharvati,
to munch, devour; kavalaya, -yati, to swallow,
devour, kh dati, khAd, khAdati, to chew, bite,
eat, devour, consume, destroy atti, to eat,
x
ad [-], to eat
(Avestan) obâridan,
to
devour, xordæn,
öÈ Ý|£ consume,
devour (Persian)
,
shtantkavs, to
devour (Georgian)
¬„ …„ +,
pažyra>, to devour
(Belarusian)
proždrijeti, to
devour, gorge
(Croatian)
po re>, pozerac, to
devour, engorge
(Polish)
st, to devour
at- , to eat (Urartian)
(Latvian)
ak lu, to eat,
a
devora, to devour,
consume, pat nu,
consume, engorge
eat a meal,
consume, provide a (Romanian)
sy}dä, to devour
meal (Akkadian)
(Finnish-Uralic)
BOI, oxen; VOIA,
will (Romanian)
x
Ú¸ Ò¸¶¸¼Š† ¹Ù~™,
na katavrochthízo, to
consume, devour (Greek)
•Ž^ Ã ^, kul tal, to devour,
ingest (Armenian)
për të gllabëruar, to devour
(Albanian)
x
voro-are, to eat
greedily,
swallow up,
consume,
devour
a devour, to devour (Irish)
a 'falbh, to devour (Scott)
i ddwyn, to devour, difa, to
consume, destroy, devour
(Welsh)
divorare; to devour, eat up
(Italian)
dévorer, to devour,
consume, eat up (French)
to devour [<Lat.
devoro-are]
see also "eat"
11-46
karap/kare/ip, to devour,
zzi, ezza/ezz, d->, ed/ad,
to eat (Hittite)
Boi-orum
Boii
Boii-orum,
m. pl. a Celtic
people of north
Italy?
11-47
kha¢ça, book volume
jeld, È|‚ volume,
cover, tome
(Persian)
,
„@' è, abjom,
volume, tome
(Belarusian)
volumen, volume,
tome (Croatian)
Tom, volume
(Polish)
¶ó‹†Œ, tómos, volume
(Greek)
volumen-inis, a
` Õ¿, hator, volume, tome
scroll, book,
(Armenian)
wreath, fold
vëllim, volume, capacity,
toirte, volume (Irish)
volume, volume (Scott)
cyfaint, volume (Welsh)
volume, volume, il tomo,
tome, volume (Italian)
volume, scroll,
book?
vo (8V), Script
R148
vore (8VRE),
Script R162,
R248
voros
(8VRVS),
Script N428
(Boreas-ae, the
north wind?)
voi (8VI),
Script R66
voia (8VIA),
Script Q278
Note: "ia"
suffix
indicates a
proper noun,
name
volum
(8VLVM),
K154
11-48
8/21/2019 10:57 AM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan ocabulary, Etruscan Phrases with Ind...
ts’ignis motsuloba,
book volume
(Georgian)
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1F,G.html
s jums, volume,
tome, instalment
(Latvian)
VOLUM, volume,
book, size, capacity,
tome (Romanian)
tome, volum, book
volyymi, volume,
(Albanian)
teos, tome, opus,
writing (FinnishUralic)
volume, volume, le tome,
tome, volume (French)
you, plural?
x
x
x
x
vos
vous (French)
11-49
x
x
x
x
x
x
Fiesole, ancient
Florence?
vos, vus
(8VS),
Script K20,
K68
x
Vosle
(8VSLE?)
Script K67
11-50
gowdâl, pit;
kandak, gowdâl,
sangar, trench,
chalh,
pit, hole,
crater, trench,
cavity, moat
(Persian)
, ormos, pit
(Georgian)
kevata, cave, pit, garta , ava&a hole, garta,
hollow, cave, ditch, grave, a water-hole pit
avaTa, hole, pit; khana, digging, hollow, pit;
karsu, furrow, trench, incision; parikhA, a
ditch or trench around a town;
ya i , staff, cudgel, club, vetram, cane,
lagu a , cudgel, tottra, a stick for driving
cattle;
dandaka, stick, staff;
18 of 20
abbu, la tu,
šuttu, tultu, pit,
issû, clay pit, aštu,
pit, grave, hole,
ar tu, ditch,
ir tu, ditch, moat,
canal, ar u ,
ditch, excavation,
narš tu, a ditch,
kiš du, ditch, canal,
river bank, rim of a
pot, neckscarf, etc.,
palgu, irrigation
ditch, canal, ikiš,
palgiš, like a ditch,
ar u, ir u,
ru, ditch, moat,
mi ru, ditch or
small canal,
lilu, ditch or
canal, a u, to
make a ditch, to
excavate, to dredge,
to make an incision,
jarru, pool, pond,
jar u, pond, water
hole, šatup, pit,
excavation, well,
soil, (Akkadian)
, jama, pit
(Belarusian)
jama, pit, cave,
den, pothole
(Croatian)
dol, pit, hole, fossa,
bottom (Polish)
bedre, pit, hole,
hollow (Latvian)
groap , pit, hollow,
grave, pool
(Romanian)
kuoppa, pit,
pothole, hollow
(Finnish-Uralic)
, palka, stick,
, kij, cane, club,
stick (Belarusian)
štap, stick, batina,
bâsgâh,
club,
chub, stick, bat, rod, stick, cudgel, club,
rod (Croatian)
stave (Persian)
P
, jokhi, stick, kij, stick, staff,
,
palka, stick, baton,
khelk’et’i, baton
bat, cudgel,
(Georgian)
bludgeon (Polish)
n ju, stick, bat,
gišginû, a heavy
staff, rod, club,
stick used as a
cane (Latvian)
weapon, bat or
b , stick, bat, rod,
cudgel?, gilgid nu, club, switch,
bat, giškallu, a
baston, cane, stick,
strong stick,
rod, baton, walking
nam aru, a wooden stick, staff
stick or mace with
(Romanian)
stones, sword, irru, tikku, stick, pick,
stake, peg, u ru, keppi, stick, pole,
stick, sacred staff,
cane, rod, staff,
a u, stick, scepter, stake (Finnishstaff, branch, twig,
Uralic)
shelf, rakk bu, bat,
plank or tree trunk,
breeder animal, boat
crew, paruššu, staff,
goad, gamlu,
hooked or curved
staff, gamliš, like a
V, lákkos, pit, fosse,
puddle Greek)
, p’vosy, pit,
,
p’vos, pit, hole, trench,
moat (Armenian)
gropë e thellë, pit, krater në
hënë, pit (Albanian)
poll, pit (Irish)
sliochd, pit (Scott)
pwll, pit, pool, pond, mine;
(Welsh)
fosse, pit, ditch, grave,
moat (Italian)
fosse, pit, ditch, grave,
fossa (French)
fossa-ae, pit,
ditch, trench
patesr/patesn, pit, hole in
the ground, excavation,
breach in wall (Hittite)
zulo, pit, putzu, pit, shaft
(Basque)
€•‚ƒ„, ravdí, stick, cane,
€ó…• , rópalo, bat, club,
cudgel (Greek)
, p’aytik, stick,
†‡ ˆ‰Š , akumby, club
(Armenian)
bastun, stick,cane, club
shkop, rod, bat, staff
(Albanian)
adar, branch, horn,
langileak, staff, ardatz,
shaft, axle, axis, makila,
stick, club, zutoin, pole,
masta, mast, haga, stick, bar,
maza, mace (Basque)
kärtk l [B kärkk lle], pool,
pond, spring (Tocharian)
bata, stick (Irish)
bata, stick (Scott)
ffon (ffyn, ffoniwch, stick,
staff, cudgel; (Welsh)
bastone, stick, fusto, trunk,
stalk, shaft, bar, frame,
barrel (Italian)
füt, stock, fusil, handle,
shaft, barrel bâton, stick
(French)
fustis-is, stick,
cudgel, club
karke [B kar k*] small
branch (Tocharian)
tura/i, stick, weapon, tura,
to use stick, weapon
(Luvian)
pa in, stick, tuwarsa, a
rod, a vine, alkistan, a
branch (Hittite)
pit [<OE pytt},
grave [<OE
graf], pool [<OE voso (8 S ),
pol], crater [<Gk. Script R653
krater, mixing
x
vessel]
11-51
stick [<OE
sticca], cudgel,
club [<ON
klubba]; to be
thumped, in
English is to be
hit with a large
club or stick, bat,
baton [<Lat.
bastum, stick]
staves, staff
[<OE stæf]
vost, vust
(8 ST),
Script N63,
Q294, R22,
R80, R135
11-52
8/21/2019 10:57 AM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan ocabulary, Etruscan Phrases with Ind...
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1F,G.html
hooked or curved
staff, u ru, sacred
staff, stick,
n mettu, seat or
couch, an
astronomical term,
impost, complaint,
etc., timmu, pole,
stake, column,
(Akkadian)
sowgánd, ‹Œ• Ž
attestation, oath,
sacrament, swear,
vow (Persian)
,
dap’ireba, to swear,
vow (Georgian)
vrata , vow, pratijñ , promise
nad nu, to make a
person take an oath,
a sacrifice, to
assign, etc., adê,
n š, to take an oath,
n ašu, oath (lit.
life), *mušazkiru,
oath administrater,
qabû, to take an
oath, recite,
confess?, to enjoin,
to tell, ibtu, oath
performed by
touching the breast,
seizure, portion
sneeze, etc., tamitu,
oath, speech,
wording, targagû, a
term for oath, curse
(Akkadian)
••‘ “ ”•,
prysiaha–, to vow
(Belarusian)
zavjetovati, to vow
(Croatian)
przysi—ga–, to vow
(Polish)
verta, a vow
(Baltic-Sudovian)
apsol˜t, to vow
(Latvian)
s judece, to vow
(Romanian)
vannon, to vow
(Finnish-Uralic)
™• € ›œ•ž„, na orkisteí, to
vow (Greek)
Ÿ ¡¢Ÿ£¤¥¦, yerdvets’ink’,
to vow (Armenian)
për të zotuar, to vow,
betohem, to swear, vow
(Albanian)
voveo, vovere,
vovi, votum, to
vow
konpartitzeko, to conspire,
zin egin, to take an oath,
swear, vow, botatzea, to vow
(Basque)
19 of 20
voto (8 T ),
Script Q351,
Q908, R413,
R653
vov (8 8),
Script N607,
PL-20, PL-28
to vow [<Lat.
vovere], promise
to a god, pray
for, wish [<OE
wyscan]
11-53
MAM TU, oath, link->
li(n)k, linganu,
linknu/lenknu, oath, to
swear, linkai/lenkai, oath
perjury (Hittite)
See also:
4-115
iro, iru (IR ),
Script
R191, Z61?
3-60:
cona (C NA),
Script
K55, K124,
XM-2
Kona
(K NA),
Script Aph-3
conoeri
(C N ERI),
Script Z755,
M-8
rub, to rub, a nigh, to wash
(Irish)
a 'snìomh, to rub, gus a
nighe, to wash (Scott)
i rwbio, to rub, i olchi, to
wash (Welsh)
strofinare, to rub,
fra, in, within, between,
among, amid; frizionare, to
rub, lavare, to wash
(Italian)
frotter, to rub, scrape,
scrub, laver, to wash
(French)
mâlidán, §‹¨ © to
rub, shostan, ª«¬- to
wash (Persian)
, rubls, to
rub,
,
daibanet, to wash
(Georgian)
”¯•” , cierci, to
rub, •”•, my–, to
wash (Belarusian)
ek ku, to scratch,
trljati, to rub,
kap ru, to be
oprati,
to wash
rubbed, to clean
(Croatian)
objects, to smear,
trze–, to rub, my–,
etc., kâ u, rub, to
grind?, kad du,
to wash (Polish)
rub, to make an itch, berzt, to rub,
kas, kasati, -te, to rub, scratch, rub in, dye;
®an u, to rub (said mazg t, to wash
dhAv, dhAvati, -te, to rinse, wash, cleanse,
of male animals as
(Latvian)
purify, knead, press out, cleanse, rub or anoint, part of the sexual
a freca, to rub (to
rub off, wash; labh, labhate (-ti & lambhate),
act, etc.), maš , to
rub, ÂR, I
to catch, seize, get, receive, {sama}, rub over, rub, comb wool,
introduce, I put in;
touch, anoint
comb out hair, etc.,
REA, he/she
lap tu, to rub,
osbscure, to defeat, wants, ÂR°,
he/she introduces,
to touch, etc.,
puts in, a spala, to
muššu’u, to rub
wash (Romanian)
with linaments,
*muššu’tu, rubbing hieroa, to rub, pestä,
to wash (Finnishmedication,
aš šu, to rub with Uralic)
oil, š ltu, scraper,
blade, cutting edge
(Akkadian)
vow, vow (Irish)
bhòt, vow, bóidich to vow
(Scott)
vow, vow, addo, addunedu
(adduned), to vow;
diofrydu, to vow, devote,
ban, taboo; tyngu, to swear,
vow, adjure, depose
(Welsh)
fare voto, to vow, wish, fare
un giuramento, to take an
oath congiurare, to conspire
(Italian) vouer, to devote,
vow, vouloir, to want, to
wish, to intend, to require,
to need, to try, conspirer, to
conspire; (French)
™• •€„±², na trípso, to rub,
™• … ³™ž›, na plýnei, to
wash (Greek)
´¥µŸ¶, shnch’el, to rub,
¶¢†¥ ˆ‰, lvanum, to wash
(Armenian)
të fshij, to rub, fërkoj, rub,
massage, carress, burnish,
për të larë, to wash
(Albanian)
igurtzi, to rub, garbitu, to
wash, clean (Basque)
yar, to bathe (Tocharian)
frio-ere, to rub
peszi, pes/pas, pasihae,
psihae, to rub, to squeeze,
to crush, pes, to rub, scrub
with soap, sartiie/a,
sarta/srt, to rub, wipe,
s ezzi, to squeeze, rri,
arr/rr, arra/arr, arriie/a,
to wash, uarp, warpzi,
uarpiie/a, warp, to wash,
bathe, warputsi, bathing
article, la(h)un(a)i, to wash,
(Hittite)
to rub [<ME
rubben], crumble
[<OE
(ge)crymian]
11-54
vr (8R) Script
Q899
vra (8RA),
Script N294;
TC179
vre (8RE),
Script R459
8/21/2019 10:57 AM
Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan ocabulary, Etruscan Phrases with Ind...
20 of 20
x
x
x
x
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1F,G.html
xii, Roman
numeral 12
x
numeral 12
(See Scripts AN
for several texts
with the age of
the occupants at
death in
"Roman"
numerals.
11-55
XII Script Q11
8/21/2019 10:57 AM
Notes to Indo-European Table Part 11:
(1) The Divination_Lesson.html says, "to Feltune [the great [god] of thunder] they fortell the way of life of
Tarquin, i.e., Tarkonos (Tarkvnvs) RAR LaR (rare or unique of the god )." The subscript
above the head of the augur says, "He fears (pava) the Tarquins (Tarkie). Thus, Script DL-1,
ocern, they fortell; See also Script N, "okri per visio," he prophesied by the vision / the appearance.
(2) Uni attended the birth of Apollo. On the Volterra Mirror you can see her suckling Heracles. Script AH, is
at that site.
(3) Click here on the Tuchulcha.html to view the Etruscan god of terror, Tuchulcha. He appears to be the
name Treviper (three viper) in the Tavola Eugubena, Script Q. As one can see, out of his head come two
snakes and he threatens the shade of Theseus (These) with a third snake.
(4) The word "gur" in Albanian in the context of a sign or omen is interesting, since "gur" also means "rock"
in Indo-European and probably has surfaced as "kir" or "caere" in names such as Caereleon in Britain.
"Kir" is also a Semetic term for a city (fortified, hill-top town). Early settlements were atop defendable rises
and rock ridges. I am reminded also of the menhir, a megalithic stone pillar often set over and around
mounds and also used as a roadsign, as it were, to mark boundaries and roads. Using a rock, a gur, as a sign
to mark off a place is very Indo-European, from Europe through the Russian steppes to Asia.
(5) The Hittite god, Teshub, must have some affinity to the word "tesha"; Divinations among the Romans
were accomplished via three principal methods: examination of animal or human entrails, lightning, and the
flight of birds. Dreams would also have been a source of divination. Ancient and primitive peoples around the
world have placed high emphasis on dream interpretation (as we do today, thanks to Freud), and perhaps to
some degree the other methods.
(6) Ais, used frequently in the Zagreb Mummy text may be "mouth" based upon the Sanskrit and Hittite
correlation. While Latin "os" may be a bone or mouth in Latin, in the other languages there is a marked
distinction between the two words, and "ais" may be "mouth," in Etruscan. I thought it was Latin "aes,
aeris," copper or bronze, but it may be "mouth" and would appear to be so since the Egyptian texts spend so
much with the "opening of the mouth," to which this word and its associated text may apply.
7. Hittite pesnas>, Pesn. Pisenm, man, male person: See Etruscan PESNIM, PESNIMV. The Etruscan word
appears to be used as an address, i.e. as in English speeches, "my fellow men," or "gentlemen..."
8. muski, meski, Curiously, the Assyrians referred to the Phrygians as "Muski." (See
Assyrian Catalogue of Anatolian Cities and Leaders," by Mel Copeland, academia.eu.
Please beam me back to Indo-European_Table 1
Please beam me back to Etruscan_Phrases
Launched 3.02.04
Updated: 3.04.04; 3.07.04; 3.13.04; 3.15.04; 3.28.04; 3.30.04; 3.31.04; 4.01.04; 4.04.04; 4.13.04; 4.21.04; 4.30.04;
5.14.04; 6.06.04; 6.25.04; 7.11.04; 7.14.04; 9.23.04; 5.14.05; 2.23.06; 5.11.06; 6.04.06; 7.22.06; 12.13.09; 10.19.11;
08.02.18; 8.21.19
Copyright © 1981-2018 Maravot. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 1981-2018 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.
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