Priscianus Grammaticus

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The article is dedicated to inappropriate borrowings and flawed methodology in publications of Prof. Nikolay Bolgov from Belgorod University. The article presents evidence that a large number of articles and books published by Bolgov under his name are in fact translations of works of English-language scholars such as Avril Cameron, Elizabeth Jeffreys and Michael Jeffreys, and others. Other text published under Bolgov’s name consist of the text of dissertations of his PhD and Master's students. In these cases, the publications are characterized by essentializing gender conceptions, factual mistakes and overall inconsistencies.

Статья рассматривает деятельность профессора Белгородского университета Николая Николаевича Болгова. Первая часть статьи посвящена недавней монографии Н. Н. Болгова «Женщина в Ранней Византии».
Показывается, что ввиду слабой и устаревшей методологии книга не соответствует стандартам современной науки. Кроме того, раскрывается тот факт, что большая часть книги совпадает с текстами аспирантских диссертаций, написанных под руководством Н. Н. Болгова в БелГУ.
Вторая часть статьи рассматривает выходящую под редакцией Н. Н. Болгова серию «Мир поздней античности». Показывается, что издающиеся в ней публикации источников являются переводами текста и критического аппарата английских изданий этих памятников. При этом, переводы выполнены на крайне низком уровне и часто сильно искажают смысл оригинала. Указывается, что как минимум в двух случаях Н. Н. Болгов публиковал переводы англоязычных исследований под собственным именем, не указывая истинного автора публикации.

In the Greek-Latin lexicon at the end of his Ars grammatica Priscian displays a number of somehow fixed expressions to introduce the Latin syntactical constructions that he compares to the Greek ones. It is possible to recognize the constant value of the most frequent of such expressions. The comprehension of locutions introducing Latin lemmata and quotations gives us the possibility to understand which are the different kinds of linguistic resemblance between Greek lemmata and Latin equivalents and so to discover even the different levels of the structure of Priscian’s glossary. They range from simple verbal translations of Greek lemmata or quotations, to actual Latin lemmata meant to adhere to the Greek ones both for meaning and syntax, to additional lem- mata within the same language whose mention is due to semantic or syntacti- cal resemblances. The same values of these lexicographical expressions can be traced back even in the other books of the Ars, albeit the proportion of their frequency varies greatly from the glossary to the remaining books.
In a perspective which takes into account the incompleteness of Priscian’s lexicon it is possible to identify different typologies of voices, corresponding to as many different levels of completeness of the glossary.
In the second section of my paper I examine the issue of literal translations of Greek lemmata into Latin, trying to draw a distinction between mere literal versions and expressions meant to be real Latin lemmata in correspondance to the Greek ones. The first criterion followed in this analysis is the evaluation of linguistic propriety of Latin constructions. A Latin expression, which prove syntactically incorrect, is surely just a word by word translation of the Greek syntagm. If instead the Latin construction is linguistically proper, the presence or absence of further elements within a voice of the lexicon, such as additional grammatical remarks or literary quotations, alongside the simple Latin trans- lation, can demonstrate that Priscian actually meant such a syntagm as Latin equivalent of the Greek lemmata.
In the last section of the paper I give some examples of semantically improper verbal translations and I try to justify the akward lexical choices of the grammarian-translator by comparison with the Latin version of Greek words in other late-antique bilingual glossaries edited in the Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum, which comparison can prove decisive in almost one case (GL III 360, 15-16).

JAANA VAAHTERA Apollonius Dyscolus believed that there is a linguistic order that is found on all levels of the linguistic system and that should be followed in grammar as well. This means that the order of the various lists used in grammar is rational and based on nature. Apollonius compares the list of the parts of speech to that of the letters of the alphabet. It is the parts of speech that are at the centre of this ordering, 1 but Apollonius also mentions the order of the cases, tenses, and genders, i.e. masculine, feminine, and their negation, neuter gender. 2 This

This talk discusses three key methodological aspects of a possible model for a digital critical edition of Priscian's Ars grammatica:
1. the glossae found in manuscripts and their relationship with the manuscript text;
2. the presence of Greek text and its importance for the recensio and the construction of a stemma codicum;
3. literary quotations from classical works.
Such research is connected with the project of a new edition of the Ars, initiated by Michela Rosellini with her 2015 edition of the second part of the XVIII book of the work.
1. Glossae. Their inclusion in the edition poses specific modelling challenges, since they bear a complex relationship with Priscian's text: a glossa lives in a manuscript's page, so it refers to the text of that specific witness, not to the abstract text proposed by the editor, and as such it must be modelled in the edition. This can be achieved in the TEI XML encoding by linking each glossa to the manuscript it belongs to, and to the specific manuscript reading it comments upon.
2. Greek text. As Rosellini pointed out, while contamination is very common in Priscian's manuscripts, it is much less frequent for the Greek portions of the text, so the latter become key for the recensio. In the proposed edition model, Greek passages will be encoded on two layers, i.e. with both a normalized and a palaeographic transcription. As a consequence, not only "substantial" readings, but also "palaeographic" and "orthographic" variants will be recorded for those textual portions, thus providing scholars of Priscian's text with additional philological evidence.
3. Literary quotations. They will be marked with formal (machine-readable and processable) citations of their sources through the newly-developed Distributed Texts Services (DTS) protocol.

Il testo della Periegesis di Prisciano è stato al centro di una particolare cura filologica all'indomani della seconda guerra mondiale presso l'università di Gent (Gand) ad opera principalmente di Paul van de Woestijne (1905Woestijne ( -1963 1 . A partire dagli anni 1946-1947 egli incominciò a pubblicare alcuni articoli 2 sulla tradizione di tale opera che costituirono il lavoro preparatorio alla sua edizione critica 3 ; nel corso di queste approfondite indagini lo studioso si occupò non solo di revisionare il testo dell'edizione teubneriana curata da Baehrens 4 , ma esaminò con attenzione l'apparato scoliastico che accompagnava l'opera in alcuni manoscritti testimoniando il suo uso all'interno della scuola 5 . Nel medesimo periodo esaminarono il testo anche due studenti della medesima università, che sugli aspetti metrici e stilistici (L. Dosfel) e sul problema del rapporto con la Periegesis di Dionigi (R. Muylaert) redassero la loro tesi di laurea 6 .

The subject of this dissertation was the assessment of the cultural meaning of antiquarianism in the sixth century AD. Once subjected to a reasoned re-definition, the concept of antiquarianism appeared as a useful tool for the study of the attitude towards the distant past in late antiquity. During the sixth century, antiquarianism was a textual attitude towards the distant past which was marshalled for debating and coming to terms with several uneasy societal changes, such as the transfer of power and prestige from Rome to Constantinople. This transfer was discussed in sixth-century Constantinople by an extended network of educated bureaucrats, which partly transcended the political, social and linguistic barriers of the period. Antiquarianism was part and parcel of the shared repertoire of this network for debating each other and the imperial government implicitly on the role of Rome and Constantinople. The shared antiquarian lore was used by these educated bureaucrats differently in order to take different stands in this contemporary debate. The antiquarian authors tried to replace Rome partially as the framework for historical meaning by focusing on their own home region, by their own administrative department and by a focus on their personal life.

Il contributo intende analizzare uno scritto inedito sinora ignorato dagli studiosi: il dialogo del perugino Gregorio Anastagi sul proemio del Canzonie- re, conservato a Trieste nel ms. autografo I 55 della Biblioteca Attilio Hortis. Composto presumibilmente nei primi anni ’80 del Cinquecento, il dialogo dimostra una forte intenzione didascalica, sottoponendo il testo petrarchesco ad una indagine grammaticale minuta e puntuale, strutturata sulla scorta delle Partitiones di Prisciano. Il sonetto proemiale viene usato in questo dialogo in modo del tutto strumentale: ogni sua parola, espressione o verso diviene qui l’occasione per illustrare categorie grammaticali e minime questioni ortografi- che. L’analisi dello scritto di Anastagi dimostra che l’apprendimento grammati- cale da lui proposto non può in alcun modo prescindere dalla lingua autorevo- lissima del modello petrarchesco, anche laddove l’uso del Canzoniere si riduce ad una parcellizzazione estrema, ad un prontuario di soluzioni grammaticali e in secondo luogo stilistiche e metriche.

Of the many things that Irène Rosier-Catach has taught us about researching the time of William of Champeaux and Peter Abelard, the need to transcend disciplinary boundaries, and consider in particular the interactions between grammar and logic, is paramount. To give a very rough précis of some of her conclusions: thanks to William's first-rate teaching on Priscian's Institutiones grammaticae (which, in turn, built upon a rich tradition), Abelard knew his Priscian well; and he used this knowledge when addressing Porphyry, Aristotle, and Boethius. In a seminal article published in 2007, Irène showed how Inst. XVII, 44 informs crucial passages of Abelard's Isagoge commentaries on the common conceptions signified by universal names. Indeed, interactions between grammar and logic had started well before Abelard. For instance, there are important similarities between the Glosulae tradition on Priscian and the C8 complex of commentaries on Aristotle's Categories, as Irène's research (with Anne Grondeux) on the Notae Dunelmenses has shown. In this short piece, I would like to explore this path a little further, in published and unpublished material, by asking the following question: How common is (explicit) reference to Priscian in Isagoge commentaries from the 12th century? The results that follow are, I believe, interesting. References to Priscian are not a common feature across all Isagoge commentaries in this period. On the basis of the available evidence, such references emerge especially in commentaries either related to or debating with Abelard. Data Set. John Marenbon has drawn together a catalogue of 12th-century Isagoge commentaries (referred to as P1, P2, and so on), the latest version of which is "The Isagoge in the Latin Tradition Until c. 1200", Medioevo. Rivista di Storia della Filosofia Medievale 43 (2018), p. 151-188 (also including details of editions). Accessibility. Some commentaries have been published and are available in databases or in searchable PDFs. Thanks to Yukio Iwakuma's generosity, I have Word transcriptions of virtually all unpublished material. For the only exception, detailed below, I read from digital images of the MS. Method of Enquiry. I searched the term 'Priscianus' (and its various declension forms) in all Isagoge commentaries in Marenbon's catalogue. Results.

This paper places the Chronographia of John Malalas in the context of the historiographical and erudite production of sixth-century Constantinople. In order to do this, this paper addresses possible social connections between Malalas and two contemporary historians: Cassiodorus and John the Lydian. Their common bureaucratic and erudite networks are not their only resemblances. Their treatments of different aspects of the history of Rome and the Roman Empire also exhibit striking parallels, as one case study, on the colour purple, shows. The paper concludes with an assessment of this coincidence in textual resemblances and networks between the three authors. Although the attractive hypothesis of an erudite school around the university of Constantinople with John the Lydian as one of its professors remains in the realm of speculation for want of conclusive evidence, the work of Malalas is clearly an exponent of a continued common culture of Roman erudition in the sixth century.

Apollonius Dyscole range parmi les hyparktikà rhḗmata les verbes aussi bien copulatifs que d’appellation : son usage reste un unicum dans l’ensemble du corpus grammatical grec tel qu’il nous a été transmis. Le système apollonien peut être expliqué – nous semble-t-il – par sa conception du nom, censé signifier à la fois la substance et la qualité du référent et donc lié à la signification de l’hyparxis / ousía: le fait de nommer un référent en implique l’existence du moins au niveau linguistique. Priscien de son côté, influencé par son arrière-plan platonicien, limite le verbum substantivum (calque de hyparktikòn rhḗma) au seul verbe sum, mais pour la première fois dans l’histoire de la linguistique ancienne transpose l’adjectif substantivum de la classe verbale à la classe nominale : il récupère ainsi d’une certaine manière l’héritage d’Apollonius et en même temps resserre à l’extrême les liens entre le nom et la substance.

Apollonius Dyscolus classifies as hyparktikà rhḗmata both copulative and appellative
verbs. His usage represents an unicum in the ancient Greek tradition as far as we know
it. We suggest that Apollonius’ system can be explained by his understanding of the noun, that is said to signify both the substance and the quality of the referent and is therefore related to the signification of the hyparxis / ousía : naming a referent implies its existence at least at linguistic level. On the other side Priscian, influenced by his Platonic background, restricts the verbum substantivum (loanword from hyparktikòn rhḗma) to the only verb sum, but for the first time in the history of ancient linguistics he transposes the adjective substantivum from the verb’s to the noun’s class. By doing so he gathers somehow the heritage of Apollonius and at the same time pushes to extremes the links between the noun and the substance.

Online : https://craham.hypotheses.org/2012
Le manuscrit 97 d’Avranches, originaire du Mont Saint-Michel, datable du début du XIe siècle, contient les livres 1 à 16 des Moralia in Job de Grégoire le Grand.  La reliure du manuscrit a été restaurée au XVIIe siècle par les moines mauristes. Lors du catalogage du manuscrit en janvier 2019, dans le cadre de la Bibliothèque virtuelle du Mont Saint-Michel (BVMSM), j’ai constaté que des fragments de parchemin médiéval ont été utilisés pour renforcer la reliure au niveau du contreplat inférieur. Celui-ci porte une écriture dite « caroline » datable du XIe siècle, ou du début du XIIe. Ces fragments contiennent des passages du commentaire sur la grammaire latine de Donat par Rémi d’Auxerre, ainsi que des extraits d’un traité grammatical, l’Institutio de nomine et pronomine et verbo, de Priscien de Césarée. Ces fragments ont appartenu à un recueil du XIe siècle, appartenant à l’abbaye montoise, ouvrage ayant certainement servi à l’étude et à l’enseignement de la langue latine

https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/imafo/research/historical-identity-research/projects/margins-at-the-centre

This is the link to the description of my new research project. "Margins at the Centre" will engage with Carolingian glosses and scholia attached to the text of Priscian's Ars Grammatica and to the Latin Bible. On the one hand., I will prepare the first digital edition of the Latin and Old-High-German glosses to Priscian's Ars as contained in the manuscript Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Cod. 50 Weiss. On the other hand, I will provide the first analyitic overview on all commented editions of the Bible from Carolingian Europe and investigate the reasons for the particular success of this book format within the East Frankish Realm.

L’étude de l’Ars de Priscien, débutée discrètement dans les Îles britanniques au VIIe siècle, a occupé une position essentielle dans la formation médiévale. Sous l’impulsion d’Alcuin, elle a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives aux réflexions grammaticales pour des générations d’écolâtres. Les plus anciens témoins manuscrits de l’Ars attestent que les innombrables explications notées en marges ont tenu un rôle capital dans la transmission du savoir.

Le présent volume décrit le contexte pédagogique et plus largement le milieu culturel dans lequel s’insère l’étude de la grammaire dans le haut Moyen Âge, et s’attache tout spécialement à dégager les étapes de sa réception dans les monastères, d’abord sous l’angle des livres qui la transmettent, puis de celui des maîtres qui les ont utilisés. À cet effet, les gloses constituent des témoignages fondamentaux qui font l’objet d’une triple enquête : typologique, textuelle et historique.

Les gloses présentées ici dévoilent les rouages intimes d’un monde scolaire en constant renouvellement. Elles font la lumière sur les patients travaux des maîtres carolingiens, qui ont minutieusement décortiqué le texte complexe de Priscien. Elles montrent l’élaboration d’une méthodologie promise à un brillant avenir. Et si les Carolingiens se sont attachés surtout aux seize premiers livres, ils n’en ont pas moins préparé le terrain d’une seconde réception, qui placera, dès la fin du XIe siècle, les deux derniers livres sur la syntaxe au centre des débats scolastiques.
XII+758 p., 156 x 234 mm, 2015
ISBN: 978-2-503-56098-4
Languages: French, Latin