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    Discover Discomfort Swahili Grammar Reference PDF

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    patrik112
    This document provides a Swahili grammar reference cheat sheet that classifies Swahili nouns into different classes based on their prefixes. It lists the 12 main noun classes - M/Wa, M/Mi, Ji/Ma, Ki/Vi, N, U, Pa, Ku, and Mu - and provides examples of nouns that fall into each class. It also summarizes the prefixes used for adjectives, objects, possession, and referential agreement for each noun class. The cheat sheet is intended to help learners understand Swahili noun classification and agreement patterns.

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    Discover Discomfort Swahili Grammar Reference PDF

    Uploaded by

    patrik112
    497 views1 page
    This document provides a Swahili grammar reference cheat sheet that classifies Swahili nouns into different classes based on their prefixes. It lists the 12 main noun classes - M/Wa, M/Mi, Ji/Ma, Ki/Vi, N, U, Pa, Ku, and Mu - and provides examples of nouns that fall into each class. It also summarizes the prefixes used for adjectives, objects, possession, and referential agreement for each noun class. The cheat sheet is intended to help learners understand Swahili noun classification and agreement patterns.

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    Discover-Discomfort-Swahili-Grammar-Reference.pdf

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    This document provides a Swahili grammar reference cheat sheet that classifies Swahili nouns into different classes based on their prefixes. It lists the 12 main noun classes - M/Wa, M/Mi, Ji/Ma, Ki/Vi, N, U, Pa, Ku, and Mu - and provides examples of nouns that fall into each class. It also summarizes the prefixes used for adjectives, objects, possession, and referential agreement for each noun class. The cheat sheet is intended to help learners understand Swahili noun classification and agreement patterns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    497 views1 page

    Discover Discomfort Swahili Grammar Reference PDF

    Uploaded by

    patrik112
    This document provides a Swahili grammar reference cheat sheet that classifies Swahili nouns into different classes based on their prefixes. It lists the 12 main noun classes - M/Wa, M/Mi, Ji/Ma, Ki/Vi, N, U, Pa, Ku, and Mu - and provides examples of nouns that fall into each class. It also summarizes the prefixes used for adjectives, objects, possession, and referential agreement for each noun class. The cheat sheet is intended to help learners understand Swahili noun classification and agreement patterns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    Discover Discomfort​ — Swahili Grammar Reference Cheat Sheet 

    Adj.  Object  Poss.  Referential  This,  That, 


    Class  Types of words typically in the class  Examples 
    prefix  prefix  prefix  concord  these  those 

    ● Singular/plural starts with m/wa  ● mtu/watu (people)  m-  a-/yu-  w-  ye  huyu  yule 
    ● Used for people  ● mtoto/watoto (children) 
    M/Wa (1/2) 
    ● All animals, animate objects  ● simba (lion)  wa-  wa-  w-  o  hawa  wale 
    ● rafiki (friend) 

    ● Words that start with ​m​ or ​mi​ for  ● mguu/miguu (leg/s)  m-  u-  w-  o  huu  ule 
    M/Mi (3/4)  singular or plural (e.g. “tree/s”,  ● mti/miti (tree/s) 
    mti​/​miti​)  ● mkate/mikate (bread)  mi-  i-  y-  yo  hii  ile 

    ● Words whose singular/plural  ● jina/majina (name/s)  -  li-  l-  lo  hili  lile 
    starts with ji/ma  ● jibu/majibu (answer) 
    ● Words where the plural starts with  ● gari/magari (car/s) 
    Ji/Ma (5/6) 
    ma​, even if singular doesn’t start  ● tunda/matunda (fruit)  ma-  ya-  y-  yo  haya  yale 
    with j​ i  ● mafuta (oil) (pl. only) 
    ● Some words that are plural only  ● maji (water) (pl. only) 

    ● Words start with Ki or Vi  ● kitu/vitu (thing/s)  ki-  ki-  ch-  cho  hiki  kile 
    ● Words starting Ch/Vy  ● kitabu/vitabu (book/s) 
    Ki/Vi (7/8) 
    ● chakula/vyakula (food/s)  vi-  vi-  vy-  vyo  hivi  vile 
    ● chumba/vyumba (room/s) 

    ● Many start with ​n​ (not always)  ● ndege (bird/s), ndizi (banana/s)  n-  i-  y-  yo  hii  ile 
    ● A lot of imported loanwords  ● simu (phone), meza (table) 
    N (9/10) 
    ● Words that have the same word  ● chumvi (salt/s), taa (light/s)  n-  zi-  z-  zo  hizi  zile 
    form in singular and plural  ● asubuhi (morning), simu (phone) 

    ● Singular nouns that begin with a u,  ● umeme (electricity), umri (age) 
    U (11)  sometimes uncountable   ● uma/nyuma (forks), ukuta/kuta (wall/s) 
    (plurals  ● Conceptual adjective nouns  ● urefu (length), uwezo (ability) 
    m-  u-  w-  o  huu  ule 
    treated like  ● Country names  ● uzuri (beauty), upendo (love) 
    n-class)  ● Some nouns beginning with w  ● Ufaransa (France), UChina (China) 
    ● wakati/nyakati (time), wimbo/nyimbo (song) 

    Pa  ● Locations, places.  ● mahali or pahali (place)  pa-  pa-  p-  po  hapa  pale 
    ● Location words that get a “ni” on  ● marikiti (market) 
    Ku  the end (for “at this place”)  ● nyumba (house/home)  ku-  ku-  kwa  ko  huku  kule 
    ● Ku: Infinitive form of verbs, when  ● duka (shop) 
    Mu  used as nouns.  ● ku class: kuishi (to live), kula (to eat)  m-  m(u)-  mwa  mo  humu  mule 

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    ​ ttps://discoverdiscomfort.com​ for more resources on language learning, cultural immersion and travel 

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