Grammar Book: Estefania

Grammar Book
Estefania
Table of Contents
Present -ar, er-, -ir endings (Pgs: 3-4)
Stem Changers (Page: 5)
Saber v. Conocer (Page: 7)
Se impersonal (Page: 9)
Dipthongs with accents (Page: 11)
Irregular yo (Page: 6)
Reflexives (Page: 8)
Verbs like Gustar (Page:10)
Verbs like -ger/-gir, -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir (Page: 12)
Hace +____+ que +___ (Page: 13)
Preterite (Page: 17)
Cucaracha Verbs ()
Comparatives and Superlatives ()
Imperfecto (Page:14-16)
Car/Gsr/Zar (Page: 18)
Snake/ Snakey ()
Futuro ()
Present (ar, er, ir)
In the present tense for verbs ending in -ar
Person talked about
Replaces -ar at the end
Yo
as
l/Ella/Usted
Nosotros
amos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
an
In the present tense for verbs ending in -er

Person talks about
Replaces -er at the end
Yo
es
l/Ella/Usted
Nosotros
emos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
en
Present (ar, er, ir) CONT.
In the present tense for verbs ending

in -ir.
Pereson talked about
Replaces -ir at the end
Yo
es
l/Ella/Usted
Nosotros
imos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
en
Stem Changers
Also called Boot Verbs, it changes in all but the

nosotros.
More than just the ending changes. The vowel in the
stem changes.
3 catergories: e
Common e
ie verbs: Tener, Preeferir
Common o
ue verbs: Dormir, Poder, Jugar
*Common e
i verbs: Decir, Repetir, Servir.
ei, o
ue, and e
*This stem change only happens in -ir verbs
Irregular yo
Caber (to fit): yo quepo
Caer (to fall) yo caigo
Conducir (to drive): yo

conduzco
Conocer (to know): yo
conozco
Escoger (to choose): yo
escojo
Dirigir (to direct): yo dirijo
Hacer (to do, to make): yo

hago
Poner (to put, to place): yo

pongo
Saber (to know
something-a fact): yo s
Salir (to leave): yo
salgo
Traer (to bring): yo
traigo
Valer (to be worth):
yo valgo
Ver (to see): yo veo
Saber v. Concer
When using saber, it mean that you know a fact or

how to do something.
When using conocer, it means you know a person
or are familiar with something.
Reflexive
When referring to a person doing an action.
Person talked about
Reflexive Pronoun
Yo
me
te
l/Ella/Usted
se
nosotros
nos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
se
Se impersonal
The impersonal se is used with a third person

singular verb. (one, you, people, or they).
Used to indicate people in general, not one person.
For Example:
Cmo se dico rjo en espaol?
How does one say red in Spanish
Verbs like Gustar

Gustar
To like
Molestar
To be bother
Fascinar
To be fascinating
to
Aburrir
To bore
Importar
To be important to
Interesar
To be interesting
to
Disgustar
To hate
something
Doler (e-ue)
To be painful
Encantar
To love
something
Quedar
To remain
Gustar is unique because

it's only conjugated two
ways: Gusta and Gustan.
Which form of gustar used
depends on whether the
direct object is singular or
plural
Dipthong with Accents
The stronger weak vowels in the word next to each other.
a,e,o are the strong vowel sounds
i,u,y are the weak vowel sounds
Examples:
Puerto
Tierra
Siete
Hay
Cuida
Labio
Hacia
paisano
Verbs, like ger/-gir/-uir/-guir, -cer/cir
For verbs that end in ger/gir, in the first person

changes the g to a j.
In guir verbs, in the yo form, the gu changes to
g.
In uir verbs add a y before a,e, and o.
For cer/cir verns, in the yo form, change the c
to a z
Hace+___+que+___
The first blank is filled with an expression of time.

While, the second blank is to be filled with a verb
in eith the present or preterite form.
Shows length of time in which the action has taken
place.
Hace+ (time) + que +(Present tense form of verb)
Imperfecto
A past tense form for events without a specific

time.
For -er/-ir ending

Person talked about
Replaces -er/-ir at the

end
Yo
as
l/Ella/Usted
Nosotros
amos
Ellos/Ellas/ustedes
an
Imperfecto CONT.
For -ar endings.

Person talked about
Replaces -ar at the end
Yo
aba
abas
l/Ella/Usted
aba
Nosotros
bamos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
aban
Imperfecto CONT.
Trigger Words
Irregulars
Trigger
Words
Translations
A meundo
Often
A veces
Sometimes
Cada da
Everyday
Cada ao
Every year
Siempre
Always
Ser
Ir
Ver
Era
iba
Vea
Eras
ibas
Veas
Era
iba
Vea
ramos
bamos
Veamos
Eran
iban
Vean
Preterite
-ar
amos
aste
-er/ir
imos
iste
o
ieron
aron
Preterite is used for

actions that were
completed in the past.
The ending for preterite
are conjugated by being
affixed to the end of the
infinitives.
Car/Gar/ Zar Verbs
Verbs ending -Car, -Gar, and -Zar have their

endings replaced in the yo form in order to keep
the diphthong.
Examples:
Pagar
(To pay)
Sacar
(To get)
Saqu
Sacamos
Sacaste
Sac
Pagu
Pagamos
-car becomes -qu
Pag
Cruc
Cruzamos
Cruzaste
Pagaste
Sacaron
Cruzar
(To cross)
Pagaron
-gar becomes -gu
Cruz
Cruzaron
-zar becomes -c
Cucarachas
Verb
Infinitive
Andar
Anduv-
Estar
Estuv-
Poder
Pud-
Poner
Pus-
Querrer
Quis-
Saber
Sup-
Tener
Tuv-
Venir
Vin-
Conducir
Conduj-
Producir
Produj-
Traducir
Traduj-
Traer
Traj-
Decir
Dij-
Cucaracha verbs are

irrregular preterite
verbs that have the
infinitive changed/
-imos
-iste
-o
-ieron

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Grammar Book

Present -ar, er-, -ir endings (Pgs: 3-4)

Stem Changers (Page: 5)

Saber v. Conocer (Page: 7)

Dipthongs with accents (Page: 11)

Verbs like Gustar (Page:10)

Verbs like -ger/-gir, -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir (Page: 12)

Hace +____+ que +___ (Page: 13)

Preterite (Page: 17)

Comparatives and Superlatives ()

Car/Gsr/Zar (Page: 18)

Present (ar, er, ir)

In the present tense for verbs ending in -ar

Person talked about

Replaces -ar at the end

In the present tense for verbs ending in -er

Replaces -er at the end

Present (ar, er, ir) CONT.

In the present tense for verbs ending

Replaces -ir at the end

Also called Boot Verbs, it changes in all but the

ie verbs: Tener, Preeferir

ue verbs: Dormir, Poder, Jugar

i verbs: Decir, Repetir, Servir.

*This stem change only happens in -ir verbs

Caber (to fit): yo quepo

Caer (to fall) yo caigo

Conducir (to drive): yo

Hacer (to do, to make): yo

Poner (to put, to place): yo

When using saber, it mean that you know a fact or

When referring to a person doing an action.

Person talked about

The impersonal se is used with a third person

Cmo se dico rjo en espaol?

How does one say red in Spanish

Verbs like Gustar

Gustar is unique because

Dipthong with Accents

The stronger weak vowels in the word next to each other.

a,e,o are the strong vowel sounds

i,u,y are the weak vowel sounds

Verbs, like ger/-gir/-uir/-guir, -cer/cir

For verbs that end in ger/gir, in the first person

The first blank is filled with an expression of time.

Hace+ (time) + que +(Present tense form of verb)

A past tense form for events without a specific

For -er/-ir ending

Replaces -er/-ir at the

For -ar endings.

Replaces -ar at the end

Preterite is used for

Car/Gar/ Zar Verbs

Verbs ending -Car, -Gar, and -Zar have their

-car becomes -qu

-gar becomes -gu

Cucaracha verbs are

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Hace +__+ que +_ (Page: 13)