Principle of prevention

This presentation is aiming at introducing the Axiological Model of Mental Health Promotion as being implemented in Greece and the UK based on  principles of Axiological Anthropology  (2002).
The Axiological model considers that the continuity among less or more adaptive and beneficial behaviours, can benefit the design of
materials and methods which are aimed at the fulfilment of
particular Mental Health Promotion requirements.

Approaching the subjects of child safeguarding and children through a theological lens, the author shows the devastating scale, impact, and ramifications of the Catholic Church's failures in safeguarding children, which become apparent in the current child abuse scandals, and how this crisis creates an opportunity to bring the child (back) into the church's focus. This leads to a focus on core reasons or factors for the scandals and how these are linked to a lack of attention given to children in the scientific thought of the church. There exists a lacuna in systematic theology when it comes to children, but one can find promising theological grounds for exploring and promoting a more child-centric theology and church culture.

Aim of study to assess the knowledge and practices regarding prevention of pre-eclampsia among antenatal mothers. The objectives of study to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of pre-eclampsia, to assess the practices regarding prevention of pre-eclampsia, to find out co-relation between knowledge and practice regarding prevention of pre-eclampsia, to find out the relationship of knowledge score and practices with selected demographic variables and to develop information booklets on prevention of pre-eclampsia by selecting a sample of 100 antenatal mothers by simple random sampling technique. Maximum number 67 (67%) antenatal mothers had average knowledge followed by 24 (24%) antenatal mothers had below average knowledge and minimum number 9 (9%) antenatal mothers had good knowledge regarding prevention of preeclampsia. Maximum number 93 (93%) antenatal mothers had satisfactory practice and minimum number 7 (7%) antenatal mothers had unsatisfactory practice regarding prevention of preeclampsia. There was fair co-relation between knowledge and practices of antenatal mothers regarding pre-eclampsia

Summary
Worker experiences of workload is a poorly understood component of health and safety practice in the social services sector. Job Demands-Resources theory is applied to explore how workload contributes to health and safety, workplace violence, and violence prevention. Data from qualitative interviews (n = 81) of workers in publicly administered social services in Western Canada were analyzed using analytic induction and constant comparison methods.

Findings
Qualitative themes highlight the role of Workload Management, Equal Distribution of Workload, Stress Management, and Flexibility on worker experiences with workplace violence prevention. These themes are further elaborated on and contextualized within a Job Demands-Resources framework. Finally, a conceptual model of workload management and health and safety is presented.

Applications
Findings highlight areas of workload development and innovation as a component of violence prevention interventions within social service workplaces.

While insurance was originally devised as a safety net that steps in to compensate for financial losses after an accident
has occurred, the information generated by sensors and digital devices now offers insurance companies the opportunity
to transform their business by considering prevention. We discuss a new form of risk analytics based on big data
and algorithmic prediction in the insurance sector to determine whether accidents could indeed be prevented before
they occur, as some now claim is possible. We will use the example of motor insurance where risk analytics is more
advanced. Finally, we draw conclusions about insurance’s new preventive role and the effect it may have on the
policyholders’ behavior.

Julia König analysiert den Zusammenhang der Konjunktur von Präventionsaktivitäten mit der öffentlichen Diskreditierung einer Sexualpädagogik der Vielfalt und der Bestimmung von Pädosexualität als letzter Perversion, die zum Verschwinden gebracht werden müsse. Aus einer reflexiven psychoanalytischen und sexualwissenschaftlichen Perspektive ist es jedoch der präventive Blick, der verhindert, mit der strukturell immer wieder entstehende erwachsene Irritation über die kindliche Sexualität so umzugehen, dass sich die Anerkennung der Differenz zwischen kindlicher und erwachsener Sexualität bei Erwachsenen entwickelt und Projektionen (wie die einer auf das unschuldige Kind lauernden Bestie) ihre Notwendigkeit verlieren.

http://www.widersprueche-zeitschrift.de/IMG/pdf/Leseprobe_139.pdf

Wie reagieren wir auf die Zukunft? Der Beitrag entwickelt eine Analytik, um das politische Reagieren auf unliebsame Zukünfte zu analysieren. Im Zentrum stehen weniger die Konstruktionen riskanter oder gefährlicher Zukünfte, als vielmehr die politischen Reaktionen auf diese. Mithilfe des Begriffs der Chronopolitik werden zwei idealtypische Reaktionsweisen unterschieden. Während eine präventive Chronopolitik auf gefährliche Zukünfte mit einer Konservierung und Normalisierung der Gegenwart antwortet, zielt eine präemptive Chronopolitik auf eine Reformierung, wenn nicht Revolutionierung der Gegenwart.

e la criminalità". Tra le sue pubblicazioni: "Il fiume carsico della Camorra nella società campana: dagli spagnoli all'età della globalizzazione", in «Rivista italiana di Conflittologia» N. 4, Edizioni Labrys, 2008; "Criminalità organizzata e globalizzazione: il fenomeno Campania" in «Rivista italiana di Conflittologia» N. 5; "Le politiche di sicurezza negli U.S.A. tra traditional policing e community policing", in «Quaderni Cirsdig», 2009; "Panico ed insicurezza. Programmi di prevenzione e strategie di polizia" in Collana Criminalia, Ed. Labrys, 2010; "Il rondò delle ronde" in «Quaderni Cirsdig», 2011. info: [email protected]

The monograph aims to explain the topic and point out that the online
risk behaviour among the children and youth must be addressed on the
theoretical and empirical levels in the V4 countries: Slovakia, Hu ngary,
Poland and the Czech Republic. The authors describe the current stat e of the online risk behaviour prevention, present the new trends and challenges along with the ways to face them in the V4 count ries. Specific at tention is hereby paid to the prevention of the online risk behaviour in the school environment. The first four chapters have been created by Slovak university teachers; they address the selected forms of the online risk onl ine behaviour in pupils , with the speci fic focus on cyber -bullying. They also deal with radicalism and extremism in the Internet environment as well as current possibilities related to the risk behaviour prevention in the virtual environment. The fi fth chapter analyses the cyber risks for chi ldren and youth in the Czech Republic as well as their prevention. The sixth chapter explains why risk behaviour prevention is of importance in Poland. The seventh chapter addresses the online risk behaviour prevention among the children and youth in Hungary, supplementing the comprehe nsive view of the risks pertaining to the virtual environment and their prevention in the V4 countries.

In this interview Albane Andrieu highlights the values – social, ethical, juridical, etc. – and the issues implied by a policy of prevention against doping offences. The parallel drawn with the prevention against drug addiction – as well as every other addictions – enable to set out a definition and to remind some of the main principles of a preventive action. Besides she questions both the coherence and efficiency of current policies which consider doping in a basic repressive way instead of promoting health in a more comprehensive approach. Despite some local initiatives to prevent doping, sporting environment is still hostile to become involved in lasting actions. Actually if we want to wrestle with doping, we have to wrestle with that systematic search for performance. Considering this, is it still conceivable to take preventive action against doping? Do we have to take preventive actions against doping exclusively – focusing on forbidden products or methods aiming at improving sporting performances – or shall the actions be part of a wider approach of high-risk behaviours?
Résumé:
Dans cet entretien, Albane Andrieu apporte des éclairages sur les valeurs (éthiques, sociales, juridiques…) et les enjeux qui sous-tendent une politique de prévention du dopage. Le parallèle avec la prévention des toxicomanies élargie à celle des comportements d’addiction permet d’avancer une définition et de rappeler quelques principes fondamentaux d’une démarche de prévention. De même, elle interroge la cohérence et l’efficacité des politiques actuelles qui envisagent le dopage à travers un axe uniquement répressif. Malgré quelques initiatives locales de prévention du dopage, le mouvement sportif résiste à l’engagement dans des actions pérennes. Car si l’on veut lutter contre le dopage, il est nécessaire de lutter contre la valorisation systématique de la performance. La possibilité de faire de la prévention du dopage est-elle alors toujours envisageable ? Doit-on faire uniquement de la prévention du dopage, ciblée sur le recours à des produits ou des méthodes interdits à des fins d’améliorer des performances sportives, ou doit-on inscrire les actions dans une perspective plus large des comportements à risques ?

At the present world human resource is considered as one of the most important resource. In the era of dynamic business most of the organizations invest a huge amount of money and spend a great deal of time and efforts as though they can properly utilize and manage this vital resource. Stress is one of the burning questions that hinder the officers’ and workers’ performance and productivity. In this paper all experiences of jobs are discussed which affects human minds and bodies. It has been essentially built the inputs which are obtained by conducting a comprehensive study covering the aspects of stress in today’s business. An attempt has been taken to address three major key areas related with the types and sources of work related stress, impact of stress on individuals and the way of managing stress.

ncreasing incidence and prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in developed and developing countries has led researchers to study programs to prevent these diseases, because of physical consequences to the patient, high treatment costs and family psychological suffering due to ED. Several methodologies used in programs published in many countries demonstrate the need for an adequate planning of interventions so that they bring positive results in decreasing risk behavior, like body dissatisfaction and food restriction in risk population for ED. Literature analysis supports that more studies about strategies in prevention have to be prepared, especially in Brazil, where treatment of ED is still limited and accessible for few people.

The aim of this paper is to open the debate about the relationship between occupational health and how the organization is built in lean manufacturing. Through a literature review, we have identified a number of organizational devices in lean system with paradoxical effects on health. In this work, we seek, in theory, ways to influence the organizing work that leads to the paradoxical effects in the implementation of the devices. In this research, we find that lean and system production rationalization have frameworks to the organizing act. Frameworks which themselves are carriers of paradoxical effects on work and health.

Οδηγός πρωτογενούς πρόληψης & αντιμετώπισης της βίας και εκφοβισμού από το Σ.Ε.Π. "Υπεύθυνα Χωρίς Φόβο": Η παρούσα έκδοση αποσκοπεί να λειτουργήσει ως οδηγός για τους Εθελοντές – Ενήλικα Στελέχη της Προσκοπικής Κίνησης, για την πρωτογενή πρόληψη και αντιμετώπιση κάθε μορφής βίας και εκφοβισμού παιδιών και νέων, η οποία μπορεί να διαπιστωθεί στο πλαίσιο της προσκοπικής δραστηριότητας και εντάσσεται στο πλαίσιο της διαρκούς προσπάθειας για την προστασία των ανήλικων μελών του Σ.Ε.Π. και τον περιορισμό τυχόν κινδύνων, με αφορμή την έξαρση των φαινομένων εκφοβισμού και περιστατικών βίας που αφορούν σε ανήλικους.

The Macedonian Center for Culture and Development - MCCD (NGO in 2013 started with the realization of long-term program CIVIL PREVENTION in the direction of strengthening prevention as a principle of thinking, acting, behaving, as a culture, as the cheapest and the simplest remedy.  PREVENTION  DURING ELECTIONis a sub-project within this
long-term program and this segment we started to realize for the first time on parliamentary elections in 2014, Then we had meetings with all political parties, participants in the elections and for the first time we promoted this new sophisticated way of political and social action for election time. In this first cycle, MCCD evaluated the elections and they were held
a series of meetings with ambassadors to the country, foreign missions and citizens. This project is indigenous and self-sustaining, it is based on the consciousness of the citizens and contains the component
of long-term sustainable development of the country.

Die Glücksspiele in Spielbanken weisen ein erhebliches Suchtpotential auf, weshalb ihr Angebot von dem Glücksspielstaatsvertrag (GlüStV) stark begrenzt wird. Zusätzlich ist ein Sperrsystem vorgesehen, in dem sich Spielsüchtige oder Spielsuchtgefährdete vom Spielbetrieb ausschließen lassen können. Die Sperrwirkung ist eindeutig positiv: gesperrte Spieler weisen einen deutlichen Rückgang in ihrem Problemausmaß und ihrem Drang zur Spielteilnahme auf . Allerdings ist die Sperrhäufigkeit deutlich zu gering: lediglich 15 von 100 pathologischen Spielern mit Lebenszeitdiagnose sind in der Sperrdatei enthalten und nur 5 von 100 akut pathologischen Spielern werden pro Jahr in das Sperrsystem aufgenommen.

This article starts with a question: what sociopolitical and/or sociocultural factors are flattened in prevention narratives? Focusing on the case of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and drawing on narratives and practices that argue FASD is 100% preventable—this article argues these fictions of prevention strip the very context within which a particular medical phenomenon is occurring. Focusing on legislation in Alaska and proposed amendments to the Criminal Code in Canada that target FASD, layered with interview material, the article analyzes policy and practices that could impact women's reproductive health through troublesome frameworks of cost and responsibility. The article illustrates the potentially negative impact of policies and discourses that frame FASD as 100% preventable. The article argues that overly simplistic, or purposefully simplistic, understandings of the condition serve to mask the broader structural issues that demand attention including legacies of colonialism and structural inequality. In so doing, this article illustrates the ways in which prevention practices have implications in the areas of women's reproductive health, law and policy, social justice, and welfare.

Batan Yu. The European Court of Human Rights as an institution with the preventive purpose. European Political and Law Discourse. 2021. Vol. 8. Issue 3. P. 43–47.

The article considers the European Court of Human Rights as an institution with the preventive purpose. The aim of the article is to identify the preventive purpose of European Court of Human Rights' activities and to demonstrate that one of the key goals of the existence and functioning of the European Court of Human Rights as a quasi-judicial institution of a regional system for the protection of human rights is to prevent the violation of human rights. European Court of Human Rights functioning, assignment of individual and general measures, interpretation of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as the main fence against violations of human rights on the continent, etc., all this reflect the preventive purpose of the ECtHR, no matter how many times the word «prevention» is used in its normative acts or judgements. The ECtHR prevents ambiguity, legal uncertainty, discrimination, and at last violation of the relevant conventional rights by interpreting the Convention's provisions on these very rights as well as their realization, both the interpretation of proportionality (adoption of the three-part proportionality test) of human rights restrictions. On the other hand, in its judgement of September 1, 2016 in the case of Mikhno v. Ukraine, the ECtHR does not contribute to the future prevention of human rights violations: this judgement did not recognize the state to be guilty in violating its the substantive positive obligations. And it means lack of adequate general legal and regulatory framework for organizing air shows and for air show planning and preparation. Consequently, the state is not obliged to establish strict rules for preparing and holding an airshow, thereby preventing the violation of the right to life (Article 2 of the Convention). In this case, the ECtHR has not sufficiently realized its preventive potential.

Keywords: European Court of Human Rights, prevention of human rights violations, monitoring and assessment actors, case of Mikhno v. Ukraine.

While the availability of mental health promotion and prevention programs worldwide is growing, there
is divergence in their level of effectiveness that has led to increasing interest in the development of ‘effect
management’ strategies. Mental health promotion and prevention science and practice has a relatively
young history in Croatia, but major investments towards its development have been made over the last
decade. This paper reports on a research project that took place within the Istrian Region. The long-term
goal of the initiative is to establish quality assurance indicators for mental health promotion and prevention
interventions. The current study involved adapting the Dutch Preffi 2.0 instrument for use in Croatia.
The content of the Preffi reflects the literature regarding research-based effect predictors. An instrument
allows users to assess whether programs have been designed and implemented in ways that maximize
their ability to be effective. The Preffi scores can be used for improving a program and the quality with
which it is implemented. The first aimof the study is to determine if independent researchers can use the
Preffi reliably as a quality assessment instrument. The second aimis to use the Preffi to describe the quality
of one cohort of mental health promotion and prevention programs. The study represents the first
steps toward developing a strategy for quality assurance that strengthens community capacity for effective
service delivery and that could inform other countries whosemental health promotion and prevention
efforts are in early stages of development.

Schools, because of their guaranteed access to children and their powerful educational role, are most usually considered as the focus of prevention and health promotion programs. On the other hand, schools have become more interested in health promotion and drug prevention projects.

In this presentation focus will be on an interactive project delivered to a primary school community (students, teachers and parents) which also involved community support. Project’s implementation was supported with structured plan and it was offered written prevention material/manuals and training for adults.

Organizational work of lean manufacturing and health: the source of risks Trabajo de organización « lean manufacturing» y salud: el origen de riesgos Sébastien Bruère Travail d'organisation du lean manufacturing et santé : à la source des risques Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé, 14-2 | 2012

Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time in terms of the possible onset of drug abuse, with an increased risk in the case of minors from socially disadvantaged families. Selective family-based drug prevention programmes seek to empower families by providing the necessary tools and skills for parents to manage relations with their adolescent children. The aim of this study was to analyse the resulting dynamics of 69 vulnerable families who completed a Family Competence Programme (FCP) for adolescents aged between 12 and 16. For this purpose, a k- means cluster analysis was conducted, leading to the identification of four clusters characterised by different types of family dynamics, based on the scores of the KK-Children Questionnaire and BASC (Behaviour Assessment System for Children). Each cluster was named accordingly: improvable skills, poor organisation, poor communication, and competent. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the observed differences in family dynamics are not dependent on the families’ level of vulnerability or structure, but rather on their acquired skills. In conclusion, the profiles and family dynamics of families at risk with access to programmes like the FCP are dependent on their parental and family skills.

Approaching the subjects of child safeguarding and children through a theological lens, the author shows the devastating scale, impact, and ramifications of the Catholic Church’s failures in safeguarding children, which become apparent in the current child abuse scandals, and how this crisis creates an opportunity to bring the child (back) into the church’s focus. This leads to a focus on core reasons or factors for the scandals and how these are linked to a lack of attention given to children in the scientific thought of the church. There exists a lacuna in systematic theology when it comes to children, but one can find promising theological grounds for exploring and promoting a more child-centric theology and church culture.

Dehydration has a high prevalence in the elder population. 40% of people above 65 years old are dehydrated at hospital admission. This problem becomes worse during hospitalization, due to the therapy, the comorbidities, and the lack of interventions targeted at controlling this malady. The objective of this study was to identify nursing interventions to control dehydration in hospitalized elders. An integrative review was carried out that followed a predefined protocol, with 9 stages, to answer the research question “What nursing interventions are used to control the dehydration of hospitalized elders?” The 7 studies which respected the eligibility criteria allowed to identify interventions to prevent dehydration and intervene for the control of this diagnosis. Stood out: risk evaluation, signal monitoring, and liquid intake. These interventions mostly involved the monitoring of liquid intake during the provision of beverages that are adequate to the preference of the client and to keeping drinks at their disposal, in addition to educating the population, their relatives, and health workers. The results indicate that the problem could be solved with the aid of technological solutions and e-health interventions.

This study analyzes adherence to a universal family prevention program used in schools, the Universal Family Competence Program 11-14. It reports on the family members’ retention rates, attendance and quality of participation in the sessions, as well as family satisfaction with the trainers and the program itself. The study, based on a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest measures and experimental and control groups, evaluated fidelity and the effectiveness of the mechanisms used to control the program conditions. The results point to the need for the inclusion of methodological strategies aimed at facilitating assessments of the multiple dimensions of adherence and at guaranteeing optimal family participation rates.

The current dominant mode of design for addressing the environmental and social crisis rests on an approach of prevention, which is predominantly based on the logic of efficiency for the conceptualization of products and services. This mode of innovation aspires to technical improvements of products and services so that the impacts are minimized throughout their entire life cycle; from the extraction of raw materials to their disposal. However, evidence suggests that environmental gains from technical improvements in product efficiency have historically been outweighed by an overall increase in consumption. So a sustainable future requires a broader perspective of evaluation and innovation, one founded not only on an approach of efficiency, but also one of sufficiency. Efficiency largely depends on technical innovations; get the same goods and services out of less. Sufficiency relies on individual behavioural changes as well as on social innovation; improved well being out of fewer ...

Das institutionelle Format pädagogischer Schulungen zur universellen Extremismusprävention birgt das Versprechen, einem Anstieg verschiedener Arten von Extremismus mittels zielgerichteter Interventionen zu begegnen. Ich untersuche, wie eine NGO in Zusammenarbeit mit der Polizei in einem dreistündigen Spiel Radikalisierungsprozesse in Schulklassen simuliert. In einer Reflexion des Spiels erklärt die NGO die Mechanismen der Radikalisierung mit dem Ziel, die Resilienz von Teilnehmenden gegen Radikalisierung im realen Leben zu stärken. Im Zentrum dieses Beitrags steht die Frage, welche Menschen die NGO als „Risikopersonen“ kategorisiert und wie die Präventionsmaßnahme unterschiedliche Zielgruppen beeinflussen soll. Auf theoretischer Ebene schlage ich vor, dass eine konstruktivistisch-ethnomethodologische Perspektive auf die (Re-)Kategorisierung von Menschen durch Institutionen gewinnbringend um die eines undogmatischen Realismus ergänzt werden kann. Methoden der Ethnographie und Interaktionsanalyse machen sichtbar, wie die NGO die für in Deutschland aufgewachsene Schüler:innen konzipierte Präventionsmaßnahme im Spiel mit Geflüchteten anpasst. Die NGO berücksichtigt die Erfahrungen der Geflüchteten und modifiziert die Maßnahme von einem ursprünglichen Fokus darauf, Extremismus zu bekämpfen, indem sie Teilnehmende irritieren, zu Bemühungen, Extremismus zu bekämpfen, indem sie sie integrieren. In diesem Beitrag diskutiere ich, inwieweit das Design und die späteren Anpassungen der Präventionsmaßnahme miteinander kompatibel sind und wie Präventionsarbeit in Erwartungen verstrickt ist, eine standardisierte, „weiche“ und schnelle Lösung für komplexe und dynamische gesellschaftliche Probleme zu bieten.

This study analyzes adherence to a universal family prevention program used in schools, the Universal Family Competence Program 11-14. It reports on the family members' retention rates, attendance and quality of participation in the sessions, as well as family satisfaction with the trainers and the program itself. The study, based on a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest measures and experimental and control groups, evaluated fidelity and the effectiveness of the mechanisms used to control the program conditions. The results point to the need for the inclusion of methodological strategies aimed at facilitating assessments of the multiple dimensions of adherence and at guaranteeing optimal family participation rates.

A pesar de llevar varias décadas desarrollando el campo de la prevención de las adicciones, a día de hoy aún seguimos configurando su marco conceptual. En este trabajo se pretende dar un paso más en su construcción intentando concretar a nivel teórico el proceso de adherencia en el ámbito preventivo. Partiendo del supuesto teórico en la relación del concepto de adherencia con diferentes procesos psicológicos básicos, se plantea la estructura de la adherencia preventiva desde diferentes modelos y teorías psicosociales que de alguna forma han confirmado su influencia sobre el comportamiento de adherencia. Recogiendo los avances producidos en distintos contextos en los que se incluyen procesos de adherencia, se propone su desarrollo desde la Teoría Social Cognitiva y el Modelo Transteórico. Finalmente se discuten distintos aspectos relacionados con el planteamiento teórico y sus implicaciones prácticas.

We show how to stabilize the uniform oscillations of the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with periodic boundary conditions by means of some global delayed feedback. The proof is based on an abstract pseudo-linearization principle and a careful study of the spectrum of the linearized operator.

In November 1999, the Institute of Medicine (IOM)
published a landmark report entitled, “To Err is
Human: Building a Safer Health System.”1 Produced
by the IOM’s Committee on Quality of Health
Care in America, the report estimated that 44,000 to
98,000 Americans die in hospitals each year as a result
of medical errors. Nonfatal “adverse events” (injuries
caused by medical management rather than by the
underlying condition of the patient) are much more
numerous than deaths due to errors. The IOM cited a
study estimating that total national costs for adverse
events (lost income, lost household production, disability,
and health care costs) are between $38 billion and
$50 billion annually.2

ABSTRACT: forward. Abstract The unbelievable acceleration of technology in recent decades requires an adjustment in the polytechnics, not only in Milan, with the construction of a true culture of technology, capable of operating on two levels: • the first level is that of awareness of the importance of scientific knowledge in the abstract and theoretical field, working on planning (urbanistica, as we say in Italian) with nature observation and impact monitoring; • the second level is the ability to hold nature observation firmly connected with the transformations that mankind induces in nature, headed by another consciousness, that now mankind is really the driver who leads to global changes. In response to the increasingly accelerated dynamics of socio-ecological systems, higher education must upgrade the operational dimension of the ‘know-how’ through a new cultural dimension useful for understanding both of the reasons for doing, both the impacts produced by that act of doing. In this sense, it is necessary learn how recognize cumulative effects and systemic effects of impacts, throughout an education where the widest space will be given not only to interdisciplinarity, but also to transdisciplinarity, providing opportunities for exchange and interweaving paths of training. [excerpts p.1-27]
Full-text available · Book · Jan 2017

The growing demand for accountability of interventions in public health is having an impact on the drug demand reduction field. Clear 'evidence-based' practices now receive greater priority when decisions are taken about the quality of services and the planning and allocation of funds. This article aims to explore the benefits and limitations of the term 'evidence-based practices' when applied to public health, and in particular the drug demand reduction field. Parallel to a top-down approach, where academic research recommends empirically supported interventions, a bottom-up approach, where professionals in the field generate practice-based evidence themselves, is promoted as well. Complementary to evidence-based practices, there is a need to cultivate practicebased evidence or evaluation of practices at field level, as the latter constitute an important pillar of our knowledge base of what works in the drugs field. This article presents findings based on a descriptive analysis of more than 400 evaluated drug demand reduction interventions implemented at field level, in more than 17 EU Member States, carried out by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). These findings underline the need to foster and support an analysis of 'what works' under real-life conditions.

The current dominant mode of design for addressing the environmental and social crisis rests on an approach of prevention, which is predominantly based on the logic of efficiency for the conceptualization of products and services. This mode of innovation aspires to technical improvements of products and services so that the impacts are minimized throughout their entire life cycle; from the extraction of raw materials to their disposal. However, evidence suggests that environmental gains from technical improvements in product efficiency have historically been outweighed by an overall increase in consumption. So a sustainable future requires a broader perspective of evaluation and innovation, one founded not only on an approach of efficiency, but also one of sufficiency. Efficiency largely depends on technical innovations; get the same goods and services out of less. Sufficiency relies on individual behavioural changes as well as on social innovation; improved well being out of fewer goods and services. An approach to design that entails the logic of sufficiency, elicits the values of precaution in the solutions proposed. According to , prudence encapsulates the dimensions of prevention and precaution. Therefore a prudent approach towards the evaluation and innovation of solutions to existing unsatisfactory situations can constitute a promising framework for responsible design. This method for seeking to transform unsustainable modes of living towards sustainable modes will not be coercive, but cooperative. They will help stakeholders assume their responsibilities.

Abstract Conduct problems seem to increase among youths placed in group homes. An overview, however, suggested that group home resources may be protective. Smaller homes with fewer residents, may better prevent delinquency and criminality. It was theorized that the fewer the number of youths in a group home the more resourceful it is in terms of its youths/caregiver ratio. Group home size probably also matters because the more the concentration of residents increases the more their influence, pro or con, increases. Logistic regressions modeled conduct problems and tested the hypothesis that group home size moderates peer influence-conduct problem relationships such that large homes with many residents are relatively risky places, while smaller homes with fewer residents are relatively protected places. It was tested and supported cross-sectionally among 875 youths, 10 to 17 years of age in Ontario group homes in 2012–13 (participation = 90%) and longitudinally among 175 youths who remained in group home care three years later (2015–16, follow-up = 96%). The positive peer influence by group home size interaction at baseline was such that the influence of such peers was most protective in large group homes with eight or more residents. A main protective association of positive peers was maintained at follow-up, but not its interaction with group home size. The negative peer influence by group home size interaction was significant at cohort baseline and at 3-year follow-up. No youth ought to be placed in a group home with more than six or seven peers. Prospective cohorts are needed to definitively test this theory about the protective effects of relatively small group homes.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the provision of drug education in schools in England by exploring the views of young people and teachers. The study synthesises the commonalities between experiences of teaching and learning and, in doing so, offers insight on policy and practice. Design/methodology/approach – The paper incorporates two pieces of research: a survey of 590 secondary school pupils in London that generated insight on the collective experience of drug education; and a survey of 288 teachers in primary and secondary schools throughout England, supplemented by 20 in-depth interviews. The paper also draws on learning from the practical implementation of the Alcohol and Drug Education and Prevention Information Service (ADEPIS). Findings – The research provides insight into the current status of drug education provision and outlines key constraints to effective delivery. The paper also presents ADEPIS as a potential framework for supporting schools. Res...