Occupational health and safety

This report—including interviews with more than 331 workers employed in 32 factories that supply to H&M—documents the experiences of women garment workers at the base of H&M garment supply chains. Concentrated in short term, low-skill, and low-wage positions, they are at daily risk of gender based violence and harassment at work.

This new research documents sexual harassment and violence including physical violence, verbal abuse, coercion, threats and retaliation, and routine deprivations of liberty including forced overtime. The research also makes clear these are not isolated incidents and that gender based violence in the H&M garment supply chain is a direct result of how H&M conducts business.

Based upon analysis of the spectrum of gender based violence and associated risk factors in the garment industry, these reports include concrete recommendations for an ILO Convention to eliminate gender based violence and harassment in the world of work.

Site safety is one critical factor affecting the sustainability of skyscrapers and decoration, repair, and maintenance projects. Many newly-built skyscrapers exceed 50 storeys in Hong Kong and decoration, repair, and maintenance projects are widely performed to extend the lifespans of buildings. Although many cities do not contain skyscrapers at present, this will change in the future. Likewise, more decoration, repair, and maintenance projects will emerge. Thus, the present research, which compares the safety risks among the new and DSR projects, provides insights for builders, policymakers, and safety personnel. Moreover, research studies which rank and compare decoration, repair, and maintenance projects and new skyscraper constructions are scarce. The use of the evidence-based practice approach, which aims to narrow the gap between practice and academia in construction safety research, is the first of its kind. In this paper, we firstly provide a systematic literature review fro...

“The CIH Exam - Essential Practice Questions by Farcas, Hammond, and Cena is, as the name implies, an essential set of questions in Industrial Hygiene. It is well laid out in 17 sections. The questions are well introduced with a short narrative before the introduction of the pertinent equations and solution to the over 500 example problems. The book serves not only as a formidable preparation for the CIH exam but a good review of basic principles, a reference for many of the day-to-day technical issues confronting the practicing industrial hygienist, and a guide for raising awareness of potential problems for which alert action is required. The authors bring a breadth of experience and insight into the issues handled in the text. They bring context to the basic principles to be highlighted by the examples of the questions and their solutions. This should be a must-have text for everyone in the field.”Michael McCawley, Ph.D.

İnşaat, İnşaat Sektörü, Fiziksel Risk Etmenleri, Risk, Tehlike, İş Güvenliği, İş Kazası, Risk Analizi, Fine Kinney metodu, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Occupational Health and Safety, İş Güvenliği Uzmanlığı, İş Güvenliği Uzmanı, Mühendislik, Engineering, İş Kazaları, İşçi Sağlığı, İnşaat Sektörü,  İstanbul, Türkay Ercan Şengöz (Türkay Ercan Şengöz tarafından yayımlanan her çeşit harita, bilgi ve belgelerin her hakkı saklıdır. Her ne şekilde ve amaçla olursa olsun bu bilgi ve belgelerin kaynak belirtilmeden kullanılması, yazılı izin alınmadan elektronik, optik, mekanik veya diğer yollarla dağıtılması, çoğaltılması, basılması, değiştirilmesi, paylaşılması, kopyalanması ve internet sitelerinde kullanılması durumunda gerekli hukuki yollara başvurulacak ve yasal işlem başlatılacaktır. Önemle duyurulur. Bu platformda veya diğer platformlarda paylaşmış olduğum tez veya akademik kapsamdaki çalışmalarımın içerisindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, akademik çalışmalarımın tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlandığını hatırlatıyor, bana ait olan her türlü ifade ve bilginin kaynağına eksiksiz atıf yapılması gerektiğini bildiriyor, sevgi ve saygılarımı sunuyorum.)

Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü'nün (İLO) Küresel Emek Üniversitesi'nin (Global Labor University) 'Covid-19 Döneminde Küresel Tedarik Zincirleri' çevrimiçi eğitim programı dahilinde, motorlu kurye işçileri odaklı lojistik işkolunda emek, işçi sağlığı ve örgütlenme sorunları toplantısının güncellenmiş slaytları

The study examines the dimensions and components of construction safety culture and whether the application of BIM technologies to the dimensions of construction safety culture improves the safety maturity levels among construction workers. The study employed a systematic literature review and grounded theory in achieving the research objectives. The dimensions and components of construction safety culture were found to comprise of a safety management system, safety behavior, and safety climate. A bim-enabled conceptual model of construction safety culture was developed as an output of the study. The model demonstrates how the dimensions of construction safety culture change the maturity levels of safety among construction workers as enabled by BIM technologies. The model has implications for improved construction safety management practices through the use of BIM on construction projects. The study concludes with implications for practice and future research.

Dental laboratory technicians may be exposed to metal alloys that are used in the production of crowns, bridges and removable partial dentures. These alloys consist of 35-65% cobalt, 20-30% chromium, 0-30% nickel, and small amounts of molybdenum, silica, beryllium, boron and carbon. The aim of this study was to assess whether dental technicians are occupationally exposed to chromium, cobalt and nickel, by analyzing urinary excretion levels of these metals and to investigate the genotoxic effects of occupational exposure associated with dental prostheses production operations by analyzing cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CB-MN) frequencies in peripheral lymphocytes and micronucleus (MN) frequencies in exfoliated nasal cells from 27 dental laboratory technicians and 15 control subjects. The differences in the urinary excretion of metals between technicians and controls were statistically significant. The mean (±S.D.) CB-MN frequencies (‰) in peripheral lymphocytes were 4.00 (±2.98) among the dental technicians and 1.40 (±1.30) among the controls, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.005). The mean (±S.D.) MN frequencies (‰) in nasal cells were 3.50 (±1.80) among the dental technicians and 1.19 (±0.53) among the controls, which was also a statistically significant difference (P < 0.005). There was a significant correlation between duration of exposure and MN frequencies in lymphocytes (r = 0.642, P < 0.01), but not in nasal cells of technicians. Our data reveal that in vivo exposure to chromium, nickel and cobalt metals is evident and that this occupational exposure may contribute to the observed genotoxic damage in two types of cells, e.g. lymphocytes and exfoliated nasal cells. However, it cannot be determined which compound(s) are responsible for the genotoxic damage observed in this study.

A qualitative study of employers' and employees' meanings of occupational health and safety (OHS) risk control was conducted among a sample of small businesses engaged in the Australian construction industry. Two OHS risks relevant to the construction industry were selected for study. One risk (falls from height) represented an immediate consequence, whereas the other (occupational skin disease) represented a long-term health effect. Meanings of the sources and control for these risks were explored during in-depth interviews. Participants perceived the immediate effect, falls from height OHS risk, as being more important in their workplaces than the delayed effect, skin disease OHS risk. The risk of falls from height was perceived to be controllable but requiring a great deal of effort to prevent, whereas there was a fatalistic resignation to the risk of occupational skin disease. Meanings of risk control for both occupational skin disease and falls from height focused on individual rather than technological risk controls. Organizational barriers to the adoption of technological OHS risk controls in the construction industry were identified.

Objectives: To examine the association between impairment ratings and earnings losses. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 21,663 workers' compensation claimants in California with impairment ratings under the AMA Guides, fifth edition. Earnings losses represented the percent difference between the earnings of cases and controls 3 years after disability onset. Results: Impairment ratings were strongly associated with earnings losses: losses for ratings of 1, 10, and 20 were 9.0%, 21.9%, and 34.6%, respectively (P < 0.01). Losses differed significantly across body regions. For example, losses were 21.0% for spine impairments compared with 18.4% overall (P = 0.014). Conclusions: Impairment ratings are accurate predictors of disability severity on average, but their ability to measure disability could be improved with additional information on how the relationship between ratings and earnings loss varies according to patient and injury characteristics.

Refuge chambers are new devices for underground coal mines that provide approximately 96 h of breath-able air, water, food, and supplies in the event of an emergency where miners are unable to escape. Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) developed a training program to prepare miners for what to expect psychologically and physiologically inside of a refuge chamber. The field tests of this training revealed that it was received very positively by miners and helped impart realistic views about the physical discomforts and psychological stresses of being inside a refuge chamber. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Inadequate  and  improper  medical  waste management has serious consequences for public and occupational health. In this paper we present the issue of medical waste management from the perspective of Occupational Health and Safety, focusing on injuries from sharp-infectious objects, such as needles. Hospital staff and workers in cleaning and waste treatment-disposal facilities are all exposed to the risk of contamination from medical waste. While the data on this problem in  Greece  are  sparse,  an  estimated  21  million  people worldwide were infected by HBV, in 2000, due to inad-
equate health-care waste management (32% of the total
new infections worldwide), 2 million by HCV (40%) and
260,000 by HIV (5%), resulting in 49,000, 24,000 and
210,000 deaths, respectively (WHO 2004). Furthermore,
40% of the cases of hepatitis B and C in health-care
professionals are from occupational exposures, mainly
from injuries with sharp objects, especially needles. We,
also, outline the relevant Greek legal framework, with
emphasis on deficiencies in JMD IP/37591/2031/2003
and compare this law with the recent European Directive
2010/32/EC regarding the prevention of injuries caused
by  sharp  objects  in  hospitals  and  the  health  sector.
Finally, we review the three Greek agencies with the authority to inspect health care units.

The study examines the dimensions and components of construction safety culture and whether the application of BIM technologies to the dimensions of construction safety culture improves the safety maturity levels among construction workers. The study employed a systematic literature review and grounded theory in achieving the research objectives. The dimensions and components of construction safety culture were found to comprise of a safety management system, safety behavior, and safety climate. A bim-enabled conceptual model of construction safety culture was developed as an output of the study. The model demonstrates how the dimensions of construction safety culture change the maturity levels of safety among construction workers as enabled by BIM technologies. The model has implications for improved construction safety management practices through the use of BIM on construction projects. The study concludes with implications for practice and future research.

Introduction: Sleep is one of the basic and physiologic needs of humans which have impressive effects on the physical and mental health of human. 1 In today's advanced world resulting from the improvement of technology, societies tend to encounter a large number of problems and accidents. As we know, hospital's security personnel are classified as shift workers and are exposed to health disturbing factors. 2 Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of shift work sleep disorders among security guards and to find an association between shift work sleep disorders and selected socio-demographic variables. Materials and Methods: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted in February and March 2020 among 60 security personnel working in shifts at AIIMS Raipur. Non-probability Simple random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample. The sample size was 60. The tool used for the data collection was Standard Shift work index which comprised of six sections. Results: Majority of respondents 43.33% belongs to 21-30 years, 31.67% to 31-40 years, 15% to 41-50years, and 10% belongs to 50years and above age group. 65% were males and the rest 35% were females. Majority of the samples were Hindu by religion 91.67%, 3.33% were Muslim, 5% belonged from other religion. According to type of family, 53.33% were from nuclear family and 46.67% were from joint family. Majority of security guards 41 (68.33%) had 1-5 years of work experience in AIIMS Raipur and 19 (31.67%) had 6-10 years of work experience in AIIMS Raipur. None of them had more than 10 years of work experience in AIIMS Raipur. According to average number of nights shifts per year, 38 (63.33%) having 91-20 night shifts, 15 (25%) had 60-90 nights shifts, 4 (6.67%) had more than 120 night shifts and 3 (5%) had less than 60 night shifts per year. Surveys on the prevalence of shift work sleep disorder, out of 60 security guards, 53.04 % were suffering from shift work sleep disorder. The association between demographic variables and sleep disturbance score among security guards were Joint family security guards and more night work per year having security guards are having more sleep disturbance score than others.

Design for additive manufacturing is adopted to help solve problems inherent to attaching active personal sampler systems to workers for monitoring their breathing zone. A novel and parametric 3D printable clip system was designed with an open source Computer-aided design (CAD) system and was additively manufactured. The concept was first tested with a simple clip design, and when it was found to be functional, the ability of the innovative and open source design to be extended to other applications was demonstrated by designing another tooling system. The clip system was tested for mechanical stress test to establish a minimum lifetime of 5000 openings, a cleaning test, and a supply chain test. The designs were also tested three times in field conditions. The design cost and functionalities of the clip system were compared to commercial systems. This study presents an innovative custom-designed clip system that can aid in attaching different tools for personal exposure measurement ...

The paper discusses the issue of Occupational safety and health (OSH) at work in practice. It points to such notions as didactic aspects and principles, teaching methods enhancing education as well as the problem of evaluation in health and safety at work. In the last part, we draw on Act No 124/2006 on Health and Safety at Work as adopted by the government of the Slovak Republic. Furthermore, we look into particular practical challenges interconnected with health and safety at work.
Key words: education, didactic aspects, teaching metods

Článok sa zaoberá problematikou výchovy a vzdelávania k BOZP v praxi. Dôraz kladie na didaktické aspekty podporujúce výchovu a vzdelávanie v oblasti BOZP a na spôsoby overovania získaných vedomostí. Autori poukazujú na zákon č. 124/2006 Z. z., zaoberajúci sa danou problematikou, na nariadenia vlády Slovenskej republiky a na niektoré praktické problémy týkajúce sa BOZP v praxi.
Kľúčové slová: výchova a vzdelávanie, didaktické aspekty, overovanie vedomostí

Safety is typically talked about in a context of the absence of injury. The field of resilience engineering has been advocating that we think about safety differently, by taking a systems view and begin to see how people create safety in unsafe systems by managing risk. There is growing recognition that safety is an emergent behavior of our complex system of human performance. A model of human performance focused on resilience and adaptation will be presented. The ability to learn and adapt is at the heart of individual and organizational high performance. Kurt Lewin is often recognized as "the founder of modern social psychology." Over 60 years ago Lewin, in his classic model of how people make significant change, pointed out the importance of providing psychological safety. In his model, psychological safety is essential to reduce learning anxiety. In short, psychological safety is necessary for learning to take place. Related to this conference theme, storytelling only takes place within a container of psychological safety. Without psychological safety, there is no story telling. This paper explores the crucial but often ignored ingredient to making profound change (individual and organizational)-the concept and application of psychological safety: what it is, why it's important, and how to cultivate it.

This article examines whether the involvement of stakeholders in the design of corporate codes of conduct leads to a higher implementation likelihood of the code. The empirical focus is on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). The paper compares the inclusion of OSH issues in the codes of conduct of 30 companies involved in International Framework Agreements (IFAs), agreed upon by trade unions and multinational enterprises, with those of a benchmark sample of 38 leading Multinational Enterprises in comparable industries. It is found that codes of IFA group have a higher implementation likelihood in OSH than the codes of the benchmark group. Further, European firms, culturally more used to stakeholder involvement, score higher than their US and Japanese competitors, and hence are more capable of addressing the safety and health issues in international supply chains. The implementation likelihood of codes seems closely related to the type of corporate CSR approach.

In recent years, a number of garment factory fires and building collapses have taken place in countries where the statutory provision of workers’ compensation for death and injury at work is weak or non-existent. In response to these disasters, industry stakeholders have developed innovative new schemes to award compensation to injured workers and the families of those killed, consistent with international standards for compensating occupational death or injury. This report compares three major compensation schemes of this kind: the Rana Plaza Arrangement, the Tazreen Claims Administration Trust, and the Ali Enterprises compensation arrangement. It draws out guiding principles, lessons learned, and best practices for workers’ compensation for death or injury in global supply chains in the absence of a reliable, rights-based national employment injury insurance system in the producer country. With the commitment and cooperation of industry, government, and civil society, survivors of...

In Brazil, problems regarding protection from hazardous substances in small-sized enterprises are similar to those observed in many other countries. Looking for a simple tool to assess and control such exposures, FUNDACENTRO has started in 2005 a pilot-project to implement the International Chemical Control Toolkit. During the series of visits to foundries, it was observed that although many changes have occurred in foundry technology, occupational exposures to silica dust and metal fumes continue to occur, due to a lack of perception of occupational exposure in the work environment. After introducing the Chemical Toolkit concept to the foundry work group, it was possible to show that the activities undertaken to improve the management of chemicals, according to its concept, will support companies in fulfilling government legislations related to chemical management, occupational health and safety, and environmental impact. In the following meetings, the foundry work group and FUNDACENTRO research team will identify "inadequate work situations". Based on the Chemical Toolkit, improvement measures will be proposed. Afterwards, a survey will verify the efficency of those measures in the control of hazards and consequently on the management of chemicals. This step is now in course.

Este artigo é o segundo de uma série sobre psiquiatria ocupacional e apresenta uma breve revisão bibliográfica das síndromes psiquiátricas orgânicas relacionadas ao trabalho nos seus aspectos conceituais, clínicos, diagnósticos, ambientais, fatores relacionados aos riscos ocupacionais e suas repercussões psicossociais e organizacionais, a

BACKGROUND:Commercial road transport workers are frequently exposed to workplace violence (WPV) -an issue of public health concern in literarily  all occupations  involving interactions with members of the public.The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of workplace violence among commercial drivers and conductors in Port Harcourt metropolis,Rivers state Nigeria.METHODS:Following ethical approval, 150 consenting commercial road transport workers were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional study.They responded to previously validated interviewer administered questionnaire which probed socio-demographics,experience of workplace violence and workplace violence reporting.Collected data were analysed using descriptive tools.RESULTS:There was a high prevalence of workplace psychological (85.3%) and physical (60.7%) violence experienced by respondents in the preceding twelve months.The most common perpetrators of physical violence were passengers in 44% of the cases studied and experiences of workplace physical violence took place mainly at the passengers destination especially while the vehicles were in motion and respondents were driving.As much as 71.4% of WPV cases were not reported and only 19.2% of the perpetrators were arrested out of the 80.8% reports that were made to the appropriate authorities.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of workplace violence is high among this occupational group.There is urgent need for passenger-transporter education and application of prescribed penalties for all proven infringements.KEYWORDS:Workplace violence (WPV), commercial drivers,perpetrators.

Microbial enhanced recovery remains the most environmental friendly cost effective recovery technique in the oil production, particularly for wellbore stimulation. This research investigates the effects of microbial growth rate, microbial and nutrient concentrations for well stimulation purposes. A representative analytical model incorporating microbial concentration is growth rate and skin factor is developed, validated and discussed. An explicit formulation which possesses a solution to the equation for the model is used to describe the reservoir pressure responses. It is observed through plots of reservoir pressure against reference distances that flow and oil productivity improved as a result of an improved BHP when the microbial parameters were incorporate to the fluid transport equation at the same injection rates and same reservoir parameters. The trend followed by the pressure profile plots correlates with that expected of a well stimulation pressure profile

The management of occupational health and safety (OHS) including safety culture interventions is comprised of complex problems that are often hard to scope and define. Due to the dynamic nature and complexity of OHS management, the concept of system dynamics (SD) is used to analyze accident prevention. In this paper, a system dynamics group model building (GMB) approach is used to create a causal loop diagram of the underlying factors influencing the OHS performance of a major drilling and mining contractor in Australia. While the organization has invested considerable resources into OHS their disabling injury frequency rate (DIFR) has not been decreasing. With this in mind, rich individualistic knowledge about the dynamics influencing the DIFR was acquired from experienced employees with operations, health and safety and training background using a GMB workshop. Findings derived from the workshop were used to develop a series of causal loop diagrams that includes a wide range of dynamics that can assist in better understanding the causal influences OHS performance. The causal loop diagram provides a tool for organizations to hypothesize the dynamics influencing effectiveness of OHS management, particularly the impact on DIFR. In addition the paper demonstrates that the SD GMB approach has significant potential in understanding and improving OHS management.► We conducted a system dynamics group modelling workshop for a major drilling and mining contractor in Australia. >Rich individualistic knowledge was acquired in the workshop. ► Causal loop diagrams were created representing the complex factors influencing management of occupational health and safety. ► Paper demonstrates that the group model building approach has significant potential.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between the use of smart technology (mobile phones) and the implicit (tacit) and explicit safety knowledge of employees and their propensity to follow safe practices at work. A survey was performed with seven constructs: (a) use of mobile technology; (b) tacit safety knowledge; (c) explicit safety knowledge of unsafe behaviors; (d) attitudes toward safety: emotional aspects; (e) safety culture: behavioral and psychological aspects of work; (f) safety culture: aspects of work; (g) safety culture: regulations at work. Workers from three manufacturing companies located in southeastern Poland completed a paper-based survey. The results revealed that using mobile technology positively influenced the explicit safety knowledge of employees, as well as their assessed safety culture, in terms of behavioral aspects and their attitudes toward safety expressed through the psychological aspects of safety culture.

Recent research argues that robots could replace workers in dangerous work environments to reduce occupational injuries. However, robot development and usage in most developing countries remain at an infant stage, robots may increase the likelihood of occupational injuries due to conditions such as limited human capital and defects. By using a city-level dataset based on the Guangdong Province in China, we find that robot application is associated with an increase in the rate of occupational injuries in the first two years, and then exhibits nonsignificant and even negative effects afterwards. We also find that local governments can reduce or even eliminate the effect of robot application on occupational injuries by strengthening safety regulations. In addition, although local governments are keen on pushing robot application and industrial intelligence, the wide application of robots may impose a burden on the public health expenditure of local governments due to occupational injuries. This study extends our knowledge by challenging the traditional view that robot application can reduce the rate of occupational injuries, and also provides suggestions on the safety regulations of developing countries at the early stage of industrial intelligence.

Construction industry plays a vital role in the economic development of any country. As construction industry is less mechanized and more labor intensive, construction workers are backbone of this industry. So the major consideration is ensuring workers safety during construction. This paper is aimed to examine the current safety status and identify the main causes of not practicing safety rules in the construction sites in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in three stages. Firstly, the existing rules and regulations of construction safety were studied. Secondly physical survey was conducted among the ongoing construction sites. Thirdly factors that influence the safety performance in construction sites were identified by conducting questionnaire survey and ranked based on Factor Index (FI). This study found 20 major causes those affect the construction safety performance at job site. According to the physical survey data, it was obvious that workers were working without PPE and fall protective system. From the data analysis, the main cause of not practicing safety rules are lack of enforcement of safety rules and regulations, lack of safety awareness among the construction stakeholder and lack of safety training. The survey results may help the authorities to increase the awareness of safety and enforce the construction safety rules in the next project approach.

Background. Automobile spray painters in Nigeria are exposed to organic solvents due to the hazardous nature of their work. Inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) may intensify exposure to high levels of chemical hazards with resultant health problems.
Objectives. The present study assessed PPE use and work practices and compared work-related health problems of spray painters and controls in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 spray painters and 120 controls (electronic technicians). Data on socio-demographics, work practices, knowledge about organic solvent-related hazards and self-reported health symptoms were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. Clinical examinations were performed for all respondents and the composition of organic solvents in paints and paint products were derived from material safety data sheets.
Results. All respondents were male, and the mean age was 32.7±13.8 years for painters and 33.9±15.5 years for controls. Few (7.5%) painters perceived their use of PPE to be adequate. All spray painters worked in enclosed workshops and N-butyl acetate was the most commonly used organic solvent. Spray painters reported excessive tear production, recurrent cough, and short-term memory loss more frequently than controls (p<0.05). In addition, 89% of painters noticed paint-stained sputum immediately after spray painting. The prevalence ratio of respiratory symptoms was higher in spray painters than controls (prevalence ratio=21.0, CI=2.9-153.6). On clinical examination, more spray painters had corneal opacity and dry skin when compared with controls (p<0.05).
Conclusions. Spray painters in the study area worked amidst chemical hazards and had poor use of PPE. Exposure to organic solvents may be responsible for the higher prevalence of self-reported health problems among spray painters. Interventions to enforce the use of PPE and improve the knowledge of organic solvent-related hazards among spray painters are essential.

Detoks; vücudumuza aldığımız toksinlerin dokulara zarar vermeden atılmasına verilen isimdir. Detoks nedir? Faydaları nelerdir? Detoks çeşitleri şeklinde günümüzde son derece kullanılan sorular karşımıza çıkar. Özellikle son yıllarda sağlıklı beslenme ve doğal beslenme çeşitleri popüler bir haldedir. Bunların yanında sağlıklı olmak için detoks da eklenmiştir. Çünkü vücuda alınan besinlerden yararlı olanların yanı sıra zararlı maddeler bulunur. Bu zararlı maddelerin dokulara zarar vermeden vücuttan atılması gereklidir. Detoks nedir? Faydaları nelerdir? Detoks çeşitleri konusuna tüm hücrelerin ihtiyacı vardır. Radyasyon, hava kirliliği, sigara, alkol, virüsler nedeni ile tüm organlarda zararlı maddeler birikir. Bu maddeler dokulara hasar vermeden dışarı atılmalıdır. Detoksa başlayarak vücudu arındırmak gereklidir. Bunun için ilk olarak devam eden bir takım alışkanlıklardan vazgeçmek gereklidir. Yaşam tarzını zaman içerisinde kademe kademe düzene sokmak doğru olacaktır. Detoks Faydaları Detorksun faydası sadece dokuları korumak değildir. Genel olarak saymak gerekirse detoksun faydaları:-Detoks enerji arttırır. Birçok kişi için detoks programı sonrası kötü alışkanlıklardan kurtulmak ve enerji artışı söz konusudur.-Atıklardan arındırma durumu söz konusudur. Vücuttaki zararlı maddeler dışarı atılır. Karaciğer, böbrekler ve bağırsaklar en faydalı şekilde çalışmaya başlar.-Biriken tuz ve kötü maddeleri dışarı atması nedeni ile zayıflatıcıdır.-Organların çalışması düzene girer. Böylelikle de bağışıklık sistemi güçlenir. Toksinlerin atılması ile organlar normal sistemlerine uygun olarak çalışır.-Cildin parlak ve sağlıklı görünmesi sağlanır.-Sağlıklı şekilde nefes alınır.-Beyin fonksiyonlarını düzenler. Berrak bir zihin oluşturur.-Detoks ile vitaminler doğru kullanıldığından saçlar güçlenir. Detoks Çeşitleri Detoks çeşitleri karşımıza ilgili etkiye göre değişiklik göstererek çıkmaktadır. Örneğin, sindirimi kolaylaştıran detoks, zinde hissetmek için detoks, ağrıları gideren detoks şeklinde sayılmaktadır. Detoks karışımlarının iç kısmı bu şekilde belirlenmektedir. Detoks çeşitleri denildiğinde, nane ve limon, nar, limon ve ananas, karpuz ve nane, portakal, elma ve havuç, salatalık ve nane, çiçek ve nane, elma ve tarçın şeklinde sıralama yapabiliriz. Genel olarak kişinin kendi ihtiyacına uygun çeşit ile detoks uygulaması gereklidir. Kaynak : https://teknosaglik.com/detoks-nedir-faydalari-nelerdir-detoks-cesitleri/

Most risk management activity in the healthcare sector is retrospective, based on learning from experience. This is feasible where the risks are routine, but emergency operations plans (EOP) guide the response to events that are both high risk and rare. Under these circumstances, it is important to get the response right the first time, but learning from experience is usually not an option. This case study presents the rationale for taking a proactive approach to improving healthcare organizations' EOP. It demonstrates how the Prospective Hazard Analysis (PHA) Toolkit can drive organizational learning and argues that this toolkit may lead to more efficient improvement than drills and exercises.

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Sound is a normal feature of our life, is the means of communication and entertainment in most animals, including human beings. It is also a very effective alarm system. Simply noise can be defined as unwanted sound. Many studies stresses that hearing loss is resulted in noise exposure and noise impacts on people are classified to auditory impact and psychological impacts. The main objective of the study is measure and evaluate noise pollution level at the UTM skudai campus and suggest rescannable recommendation to the FKA. The study is carried out in Pink Kiosk nearby FKA, UTM, JB campus. The researcher focus on air condition compressors noise. Pink Kiosk nearby FKA taken as a case study. The area around there has been surveyed or measured its noise level by the researcher. From the study, the maximum value for the noise level is 57.5 dBA, the magnitude of noise produced is equivalent to a conversation speech. According to standards it does not disturb the people around the area with that magnitude of noise. For future expansion, researcher recommends to take actions in case of adding any air-conditions units.

The concept of occupational health and safety (OHS) describes the strategies, guidelines, and actions typically adopted and implemented to prevent, minimize or manage the risks associated with the health and safety of people and property. Over the years, the rapid growth, development and operation of various industries in developing countries have resulted in numerous accidents, injuries and illnesses. Given the short-and long-term effects of such issues, it is imperative to identify, examine and highlight the potential areas where workplace-related incidences could occur in the industry. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of the current status and future outlook on occupational health and safety (OHS) research in Sudan. The review of the literature indicates that although OHS research is still in its infancy in Sudan, various researchers have examined the nature, sources, and impacts of accidents, injuries, and illnesses that severely comprise workers' health and safety. Furthermore, workers in Sudan are routinely exposed to toxic chemicals, medical wastes, noxious gases, noise pollution and other workplace-related risks that severely affect human health, safety and the environment. However, many employers, workers and government agencies have ample knowledge of OHS and its importance in the workplace. The studies also highlighted the crucial role played by OHS not only on health and safety but also the

Context: The Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR) is the leading institution for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of cancer in Cuba. The main methods used in cancer treatment are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The last one involves the handling of hazardous substances, such as cytostatics, which implies a health risk to persons occupationally exposed to it. There are two sites where a considerable among of cytostatic is handled (Ambulatory Chemotherapy Room (ACR) and the Central Unit of Cytostatic Mixture Preparation (CUCM)). Genotoxicity biomarkers of exposure and effects have been widely used to detect occupational environment hazards.

Aims: To evaluate genotoxicity biomarkers indicative of exposure and effects to cytostatics.

Methods: In this study were tested samples taken from the surfaces of biological safety cabinets located in the Central Unit of Cytostatic Mixture using SOS – Chromotest. We also evaluated samples of oral mucosa exfoliated cells from exposed and control subjects, by micronucleus test.

Results: All subjects were exposed and subjects who administered the mixes in the institution had an increased of DNA damage in comparison with the pharmaceutical staff that prepared it and wear the primary protection barriers properly.

Conclusions: These results underline the efficiency of genotoxicological biomarkers in detecting the exposure levels and the deleterious effect of cytostatics on occupationally exposed personal.

Abstract: Employee safety and wellbeing is significantly influenced by the working environment and the nature of work itself. In Ghana, working in the bank is beneficial in that it provides people with the means to satisfy social and economic needs. However, employees in the Ghanaian banking industry are faced with a wide range of psychosocial hazards, and they experience work-related stress which potentially affects their physical and mental health. Efforts made by banking institutions to minimize the problem of occupational health and safety tend to focus more on physical hazard to the neglect of psychosocial hazards. From an organisation development perspective using the Action Research Model, this paper provides a step-by-step approach to diagnosing the problem in relation to the poor psychosocial work environment in the Ghanaian banking sector. Further, it provides an intervention strategy that can be used to address the problem and improve employee psychological wellbeing in t...