Pottery technology and function

Ninina Cuomo di Caprio

    Series: Studia Archaeologica, 144
    Format: 17 x 24 cm
    Binding: Hardcover with dustjacket
    Pages and Illustrations: 720, 200 b/w ill
    Publication Year: 2007
PDF ISBN 9788891317490
ISBN: 978-88-8265-397-2
A circa vent'anni dalla pubblicazione, il manuale ormai classico di Ninina Cuomo di Caprio viene riproposto per rispondere a precise esigenze di studio nel campo della ricerca archeologica e di formazione nell'ambito universitario. Il testo è stato completamente ripensato e riscritto, valorizzando le qualità che lo hanno imposto nel settore: la chiarezza, la completezza, l'attenzione culturale e storica alla tecnologia della ceramica. Nel ripercorrere il cammino seguito da un manufatto fittile dalla modellazione in argilla alla cottura nella fornace a combustibile solido naturale, l'attenzione è rivolta non soltanto agli aspetti tecnici ma anche alla piena consapevolezza circa le molte facce della produzione ceramica. La trattazione è incentrata sul mondo antico ma non solo classico: si aprono sviluppi riguardanti sia la preistoria sia il mondo medievale. Tutto questo rende il volume uno strumento di lavoro ancora più prezioso. La seconda parte del manuale è dedicata alle analisi di laboratorio che possono essere utili per una migliore comprensione della ricerca archeologica ed è completata da un'appendice sulle fonti letterarie antiche.

Bu tez çalışmasının amacı Protohistorya ve Önasya Arkeolojisi çerçevesinde Türkiye sınırları içerisinde tespit edilmiş seramik fırınlarının hepsini ilk kez bir araya getirerek incelemek ve tipolojisini karşılaştırmalı olarak ele almaktır. Anadolu’da seramik fırınları Kalkolitik Çağ’dan itibaren görülmeye başlamıştır. Şu anki bilgiler ışığında Anadolu’da Kalkolitik Çağ’a tarihlenen seramik  fırını Tell Kurdu yerleşim yerinde bulunmuştur. Güncel kazı bilgileri ışığında ise Anadolu’da seramik fırınları sayısal olarak en çok Orta Tunç Çağı’nda gözlemlenmiştir. Tez kapsamında seramik fırınlarının tespit edildiği
yerleşim yerleri ise Tell Kurdu, Seyitömer, Gaziantep Kalehöyük, Troia, Kocabaştepe,
Panaztepe, Milet, Lidar Höyük, Şaraga Höyük, Limantepe, Boğazköy, Tell Atchana,
Ziyaret Tepe ve Kinet Höyük olmuştur. Tatarlı Höyük’te 2015 yılında gerçekleştirilen kazıda seramik fırını olduğu düşünülen bir fırın bulunmuştur, fakat henüz yapısal
durumu veya form ayrıntıları yayınlanmadığından tez çalışmasına dâhil edilmemiştir.

SUMMARY: Chapter 8, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers what typically survives, what constitutes an "artifact", interpreting usage, obtaining materials (e.g., quarrying; mining), transporting materials, installing materials, manufacturing items, identifying function, experimental archaeology, etc., regarding stone, bone, antler, shell, leather, wood, plant, metal, faience, glass, and other materials and diverse artifacts.  In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record.  UPDATED May 2023.

IB f(;Ltsgo\v, 19()()), 3~)'1. op. cit. in note r(), II, no. :{c!,.'!-t. op. cit. in note I b. VL no :2 T~)~. I04 DEREK W. HALL AND DOREEN HUNTER The mansion of Stenhouse was built in IG22 by Sir \Villiam Bruce, second son of Sir Alexander Bruce of Airth, and his descendants, the baronets of Stenhouse, continued as o\vncrs into this century. Latterly the mansion was owned bv the Carron Company, housing some ofits'workers.:>'l ' No references to a pottery industry were Jenmd in the course of the research into Stenhouse, although the industry there probably dates to the 15th and 16th centuries, when the Sinclairs of Roslin were the landowners. In view of the similarity ofa iilCemask sherd at Ravenscraig Castle (Fife) to Stenhouse material, it may be no coincidence that in 1470 \Villiam Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney (in the kingdom of Norway) and ISt Earl of Caithness (in the kingdom of Scotland) resigned his Orkney estates to James III, receiving in return the castle of Ravenscraig and lands around it in FiJe. 32

Επεξεργασία της εργασίας μου του Μ.Τ.Σ. στο Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο, με τίτλο "ΤΑ ΚΕΡΑΜΙΚΑ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΝΗΣΟΥ ΛΕΣΒΟΥ" (υπό τον κ. Παπανικολάου).
Επιμέλεια έκδοσης: Ηλίας Μέλιος

ΣΗΜΕΙΩΣΗ ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΕΑ: Από τον κ. Ηλία Κουρτζή, δια της ομάδος του facebook "Potters and Pottery of Greece", έλαβα το παρακάτω σχόλιο που αφορά την παρούσα δημοσίευση (την οποία είχα κοινοποιήσει στον "τοίχο" της ομάδος). Το παραθέτω, λοιπόν, ασχολίαστο, διότι α) θεωρώ δίκαιο να γνωρίζει ο προσερχόμενος στην έρευνα όλες τις διαθέσιμες γνώμες γι' αυτήν, και β) θεωρώ ότι θα πρέπει συνεχώς να εμπλουτίζουμε και να δημοσιοποιούμε όλην την διαθέσιμη βιβλιογραφία και τις αναφορές που σχετίζονται με την έρευνά μας, οιασδήποτε μορφής, όποια και να είναι η γνώμη μας γι' αυτές. Αυτό, ίσα-ίσα, είναι το κριτήριο της εκτίμησης που εμείς οι ίδιοι τρέφουμε για την έρευνά μας.
"Προς τον κ. Σωτήρη Ραπτόπουλο, θέλω να είμαι ειλικρινής μαζί σας, σεβόμενος την συμπαθητική προσπάθειά σας και την διαφαινόμενη αγάπη σας για την λαϊκή κεραμική... Διάβασα ευάριθμες φορές το πόνημα σας που δημοσιεύσατε και παρά τις ενδιαφέρουσες πληροφορίες που έχετε όντως διασώσει σ' αυτό, θα έλεγα ότι μου έδωσε την εντύπωση ότι εν πολλοίς είναι γραμμένο "στο γόνατο": Διέκρινα λάθη τα οποία ίσως παρεισέφρυσαν, κατά περίπτωση, από κακή ή πλημμελή ή εσκεμμένη πληροφόρηση ή αποτύπωση της πληροφόρησης. Επίσης κάποιες καταγραφές ή απουσία καταγραφών, δεοντολογικά δεν αρμόζουν νομίζω στο πνεύμα μιας σοβαρής, αντικειμενικής μελέτης. Και κλείνοντας: Συγκεκριμένα θεωρώ ότι αδικήσατε την Αγιάσο (το αρχαιότερο κέντρο κεραμικής της Λέσβου) και συνάμα τους προγόνους μου τους Κουρτζήδες (που δημιούργησαν πριν περίπου δυο αιώνες στην γραφική Αγιάσο την αρχαιότερη οικοτεχνία κεραμικής της χώρας). Δεν πειράζει όμως, τέτοια περιστατικά ενδημούν και σε πολύ σημαντικά έντυπα (λευκώματα και μονογραφίες), και πρέπει να αντιμετωπίζονται με ανθρώπινη διάκριση και κατανόηση. Εξάλλου κανείς συγγραφέας και κανένα σύγγραμμα δεν μπορεί να αλλάξει την αλήθεια της ιστορίας. Στη διάθεσή σας για ό,τιδήποτε θεωρήσετε ότι μπορώ να σας φανώ χρήσιμος... Ερρωσο!".

The aim of research presented in the article was to analyze the chemical and phase compositions of archaeological ceramic vessels. The studies used scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray microanalysis, an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and an X-ray diffractometer. Pieces of IX-XI century ceramic archaeological vessels of the Menkendorf-Szczecin type originating from sites in present Poland and German were the test material. The clay matrix and admixtures were subjected to studies and observations by using scanning electron microscopy, which allowed chemical analysis in micro-areas to be performed. Studies using the fluorescence spectrometer allowed us to analyze the chemical composition of powdered portions of the samples. The analysis of phase composition of the powdered samples was performed by X-ray diffraction. The SEM-EDS studies showed the presence of the most common inclusion in the form of quartz. The fluorescence spectrometry measurements showed that the content of Al 2 O 3 was similar and amounted to (18-19) wt% in all tested samples, indicating that the vessels have been manufactured from plastic clays. The XRF studies also showed the presence of a number of other oxides such as SiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, K 2 O and CaO. The XRD studies confirmed the presence of SiO 2 (quartz), NaAlSi 3 O 8 (albite) and Al 2 O 3 (corundum) in all samples.

Evidence from five Late Archaic/Early Agricultural period sites located in the middle and lower Santa Cruz River valley indicates that the local development of a ceramic container technology occurred over a relatively long period that extends back into "preceramic" times. Evidence for this development is reviewed and explanations for the emergence of pottery are evaluated with respect to the southeastern Arizona case.

In this paper we analyse the ceramic material belonging to the Wietenberg culture from the site of Bixad-“Vápavára” out of a typological and functional perspective. Furthermore we are placing this site in the broader context of Middle and Late Bronze Age settlements by attempting to reconstruct the archaeological landscape of south-east Transylvania in the above mentioned period.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the storing behaviours in the South of France in the late Neolithic period, in plateaus and lowland structures. Plateaus are limestone formations that present multiple natural cavities for the Neolithic people to use, but in return, have no surface water to offer. The subterranean nature of water has profoundly shaped the storing behaviours in the plateaus as it is mostly turned towards water collection and storage. In the lowland area however, substructures were dug directly in the soil and ceramics were used aswell as possible organic containers. This paper aims to address the similarities and differences between the usage of caves and cellars. The application of a use-wear analysis on ceramic vessels brings new insights on past food practices.

During the 16th and 17th centuries most of the Catalan Majolica production was done at Barcelona, Reus and Vilafranca del Penedès. Decorated Majolica making tradition is fully documented at Barcelona and Reus through written legal and commercial sources, referring to these activities. Besides, the archaeological record also witnesses this important tradition. In that sense, kiln dumps have been located at the Drassanes of Barcelona, and large collections of vessels have been recovered from the vaults of the Antic Hospital de la Santa Creu, also at Barcelona. Moreover, archaeological surveys have been conducted in the workshops of Reus and Vilafranca del Penedès. A sample of 131 individuals from the reception centre of Mataró, and Barcelona, Reus and Vilafranca del Penedès production centers have been characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This study has enabled the characterization of the studied production centers, revealing the existence of two different productions at Barcelona, one at Reus and another one at Vilafranca del Penedès. Moreover, the study has revealed technological differences in composition and number of inclusions among glazes of these production centers.

Achille Solano, nasce a Nicotera nel 1932. Docente, storico, scrittore e archeologo. Conclusi gli studi classici, si iscrisse all'Università conseguendo la laurea con specializzazione in Topografia tardo-antica e medievale. Esercitò per qualche tempo la professione di insegnante. Ma la sua vera passione fu lo studio della storia e soprattutto dell'archeologia, discipline alle quali avrebbe poi dedicato tutta la sua vita. Ha collaborato a riviste scientifiche italiane e straniere e vanta numerose ricerche e pubblicazioni tra cui il volume Liguri, Siculi e Greci nella regione del Poro del 1967 e Bruttium paleocristiano (Premio "Sybaris Magna Graecia" del 1977 in ex aequo con Ettore Paratore). Tra i suoi studi si ricordano: Contributo per una lettura topografica delle fonti e primi orientamenti su un gruppo d'inediti nella Calabria meridionale normanna e Limbadi, località Braghò-Montalto: tombe ad incinerazione entro urna -su "Rogerius", Bollettino dell'Istituto della Biblioteca Calabrese; Calabria paleocristiana: nuove testimonianze per la storia e la topografia della Massa Nicoterana -su "Corriere calabrese", rivista di cultura, politica e letteratura; Contributo per una lettura topografica delle fonti e primi orientamenti su un gruppo d'inediti nella Calabria meridionale normanna e Fonti letterarie e problemi di topografia sul Monte Poro medievale -Istituto della Biblioteca Calabrese di Soriano e La cava romana di Nicotera. Esperto in topografia agiografica. Collaboratore scientifico del laboratorio di analisi dei materiali antichi (LAMA) Università DSA-IUAV Venezia e socio dell'Associazione Italiana di Archeometria dell'Università di Bologna e del Centro Studi Preistorici di Trento. Ha partecipato a molte campagne di scavo, scoprendo, tra l'altro: la cava romana di granito a Nicotera, lo scheletro di ragazzo neandertaliano rinvenuto sempre a Nicotera, la stazione paleolitica di San Calogero, l'insediamento rupestre di Zungri, il casale fortificato di Marmo presso Piperno in Lucania, la chiesetta rupestre bizantina con reliquie di santo presso San Gregorio d'Ippona e la grotta di S. Cristina presso Filandari. Sua infine l'intuizione che lo portò a scoprire l'uso di granito nicoterese presso il Foro di Traiano a Roma. Fondò nel 1969/70 il Museo civico archeologico e paleontologico e successivamente, nel 2002, il Museo provinciale di mineralogia e petrografia, di cui venne nominato Direttore, entrambi realizzati riuscendo a raccogliere intorno a sé gli studenti e laureandi nicoteresi, divenendo punto di sicuro riferimento per tutti coloro che si affacciavano allo studio delle discipline storiche e archeologiche. Partecipò con relazioni e interventi a convegni nazionali e internazionali -come quelli Nazionali di Etnoarcheologia e Archeometria tenutesi a Rimini e a Padova -e altri ne organizzò nella sua città natia e che si tennero presso la sala conferenze del Castello Ruffo. Attivo collaboratore della Soprintendenza ai Beni Archeologici della Calabria, condusse infine studi notevoli sulla civiltà rupestre tali da essere definito da Emilia Zinzi "Il Fonseca della Calabria". Si è spento a Nicotera nel 2012. A cura di Giovanni Durante con il patrocinio del COMUNE DI NICOTERA GIORNATA DI STUDIO in ricordo di ACHILLE SOLANO Sabato 25 aprile 2015 Sala Conferenze • Museo Diocesano di Arte Sacra NICOTERA ASSOCIAZIONE CULTURALE SETTE SOLI

PROIZVODNJA KERAMIKE-PITANJA SPECIJALIZACIJE I PODELE RADA Apstrakt Proučavanje proizvodnje keramike ne može biti odvojeno od proučavanja i sagledavanja okolnosti u kojima se ona odvija. Pored prirodnih faktora koji na te okolnosti utiču, svakako su od velike važnosti i društveni faktori u koje spadaju i pitanja specijalizacije poslova i rodna i starosna podela rada. Nije retkost da se saznanja o rodnoj podeli rada i specijalizaciji u keramičkoj proizvodnji jedne lokalne zajednice, proistekla iz etnološke evidencije, naročito u literaturi starijeg datuma, nekritički pripisuju svim ostalim sredinama u kojima su se određene tehnike, odnosno tehnološki procesi primenjivali u prošlosti. Etnoarheološka istraživanja tehnologije keramike pokazala su, međutim, da na ova pitanja nije moguće dati jednostavne i jednoznačne odgovore. Ovaj rad posvećen je pronalaženju odgovora na pitanja da li uvek posude izrađene bez mehaničke sprave proizvode žene, a one modelovane na vitlu muškarci? Postoje li i obrnuti slučajevi i zašto? Da li je jedna keramička posuda rezultat rada samo jedne osobe ili u proizvodnom lancu učestvuje više njih? Od čega to zavisi i kada se razlike pojavlјuju? Ponuđeni odgovori, koji nastoje da prikažu širu sliku proizvodnje keramike, i njeno razumevanje kao fenomena, mogu, ujedno, poslužiti i kao polazište za nova istraživačka pitanja čiji je cilј da nas približe mogućim modelima dinamike u prošlosti, kada je o proizvodnji keramike reč.

Ceramics has only a marginal role in the history of art. In this talk I consider the major excuses that have been given (ceramics is a “minor” art, and so forth). I conclude that it is best not to continue to fight to have ceramic art accepted in art history. Instead it is truest to ceramics itself to let the talk go where it seems to want to. I think there are two “natural” directions: toward abstract philosophy, and toward an engagement with the non-verbal, nonconceptual qualities of color, feel,  and  temperature.

This was originally the keynote talk I gave at the 2002 NCECA Annual Conference. (That was probably the biggest audience I'll ever have: 4,500 people.) It was supposed to be published in their journal, but never was.

I am contemplating expanding this material into a short book; I would love to hear from NCECA members who have suggestions, or would like to see particular works or processes mentioned; and I’d also be happy to hear from publishers who might be interested.

The paper is unrevised (August 2009). Illustrations have been added (April 2013).

In Serbia, ethnoarchaeology is an entirely new discipline in archaeological practice. The project of the National Museum
in Belgrade Intangible Heritage: Ethnoarchaeological research on traditional pottery-making techniques, the first of his
kind, has been systematically conducted in the village of Zlakusa, western Serbia, since 2005. Local legend says that in
this village cooking vessels have been made for the last 300 years from a quite distinctive mixture of clay and calcite. The
traditional pottery-making process is gradually being abandoned, but is still accessible to observation and research, which
is one of the goals of the project.

Pasquale Ciampoli per diversi decenni portò avanti una importante attività commerciale per la comunità. Attività che vedeva non poche difficoltà per la produzione di laterizi. Il sito dove era ubicata la fornace, oggi non più visibile, è stato utilizzato per tutto l'Ottocento.

En este documento se discuten las distintas técnicas de manufactura, así como los acabados de superficie de los artefactos cerámicos en el lapso de 1500 a.C. a la conquista española, aproximadamente 1550 d.C. 1 en lo que en la actualidad es la provincia de Guanacaste, Costa Rica. A su vez, se analiza la producción de estos enseres en su contexto social y las posibles razones por las que (tanto formas como tipos cerámicos) se fueron diversificando a través del tiempo.

Traditional pottery making was very present in the European everyday lifestile until the mid- 20th century. After the WWII, the industrial production of metal and plastic kitchen wares reduce the demand for pottery. The end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st c. faced the difficult legacy of the several decades of uncontrolled industrialization and seriously threatened ecosystem on the Planet, including in Europe. The result was raising of awareness that humanity must return to nature, so the renewed interest in ceramics has renewed the place of the pottery in the modern lifestyle.

Content

AD MEMORIAM 

I. O. Gavritukhin (Moscow, Russian Federation)
The Danube “Stratum” of the Early Slavic Archaeology. A Word from the Editors 17
D. Jelínková (Brno, Czech Republic), I. O. Gavritukhin (Moscow, Russia)
Lubor Niederle (1865—1944) 27
V. Ya. Petrukhin (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Lubor Niederle and the Beginning of the Slavs 35

“… AND THE SLAVS SETTLED ON THE DANUBE …” 

M. M. Kazanski (Paris, France)
Slavic Weapons and Harness of the 5th—7th Centuries43
N. Profantová (Prague, Czech Republic)
Slavs on the Territory of Czechia and their Contacts in 6th—7th Centuries97
D. Jelínková (Brno, Czech Republic)
On the problem of Prague-Type Pottery Culture in Moravia: the origins and specifics117
G. Fusek (Nitra, Slovakia)
Earliest Slavic Population on the Territory of Slovakia151
I. Stanciu (Cluj-Napoca, Romania)
The Earliest Slavs in the Intra-Carpathian Region of Romania163
P. V. Shuvalov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Diverse Slavs in Pseudo-Maurice’s Strategikon217

“… ALL THE WAY ACROSS THE DANUBE …” 

A. Pleterski (Ljubljana, Slovenia)
The Early Slavs in the Eastern Alps and Their Periphery227
Đ. Janković (Belgrade, Serbia)
On Slavisation of Northern Illyria and Dalmatia249
D. Radičević (Belgrade, Serbia)
Towards the Study of the Early Slavic Sites of the Serbian Danube Region (Questions of Chronology and Ethnocultural Belonging)285
N. Hrissimov (Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria)
Early Slavic Sites in the North-Eastern Part of the Balkan Peninsula309

FOLLOW-UP ON EARLIER DISCUSSIONS 

L. S. Klejn (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Leningrad Neonormanism Indeed? Free!345
O. L. Gubarev (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
“Neo-Normanism” or Neo-Antinormanism? Free!351

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

List of Abbreviations57
Submissions359

Содержание

AD MEMORIAM 

И. О. Гавритухин (Москва, Россия)
Дунайский «страт» раннеславянской археологии. От редакторов этого номера 17
Д. Елинкова (Брно, Чехия), И. О. Гавритухин (Москва, Россия)
Любор Нидерле (1865—1944) 27
В. Я. Петрухин (Москва, Россия)
Любор Нидерле и начало славян 35


«… СѢЛИ СУТЬ СЛОВѢНЕ ПО ДУНАЕВИ …» 

М. М. Казанский (Париж, Франция)
Вооружение и конское снаряжение славян V—VII вв.43
Н. Профантова (Прага, Чехия)
Славяне на территории Чехии и их контакты в VI—VII вв.97
Д. Елинкова (Брно, Чехия)
К изучению культуры с керамикой пражского типа на территории Моравии: формирование и особенности117
Г. Фусек (Нитра, Словакия)
Древнее славянское население на территории Словакии151
И. Станчу (Клуж-Напока, Румыния)
Ранние славяне в румынской части Карпатского бассейна163
П. В. Шувалов (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Разные славяне в«Стратегиконе» Псевдо-Маврикия217


«… ДА И ЗА ДУНАЙ, ЗА ДУНАЙ …» 

А. Плетерский (Любляна, Словения)
Ранние славяне в Восточных Альпах и на соседних землях227
Дж. Янкович (Белград, Сербия)
О славянизации Северной Иллирии и Далмации249
Д. Радичевич (Белград, Сербия)
К изучению раннеславянских памятников Сербского Подунавья (вопросы хронологии и этнокультурной принадлежности)285
Н. Хрисимов (Велико Тырново, Болгария)
Раннеславянские памятники в северо-восточной части Балканского полуострова309


ПО СЛЕДАМ ПРОШЛЫХ ДИСКУССИЙ 

Л. С. Клейн (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Ленинградский неонорманизм — в самом деле? 345
О. Л. Губарев (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
«Неонорманизм» или неоантинорманизм? 351


ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ 

Список сокращений357
Авторам Stratum plus
Требования к материалам, предоставляемым в редакцию журнала «Stratum plus»359

This paper illustrates how different sections of pots are joined by potters in Mexico, Guatemala and among the ancient Incas. Potters in Ticul, Yucatan and Mexico join portions of vessels using moulding and large coils that are drawn up and thinned with a gourd scraper. Potters in the northern Valley of Guatemala also use large thick coils, but join them to mould-made bases. In both locations, potters make very thick joints by a variety of techniques and then thin them with a gourd scraper. Among the ancient Incas, however, potters appeared to use smaller coils. For the base of vessels they used clay discs (for large arybalus) and clay cylinders (cooking pots) to which slabs of clay and parts of the vessel were attached. Both the edges of the coils and the edges of the discs were scored using various patterns to make the clay stick across the joints.

This brief article introduces a new etbnoarchaeological project concerning potters 0f the Fustdt area in Cairo. Currently the potters are being euicted jiom their worhshops, which utill be replaced by new, gouernment-buib workshops. This process will lead to the disap-?earance of a traditional potters quarter. An ethnoarchaeological project by tbe Netherlands-Flemish Institute in Cairo (NVIC) and Leiden Uniuersity aims to document the already partly demolished quarter and study the potters before they relocate.

Im Spätmittelalter fertigten die überregional bedeutenden Mayener Töpfereien weiterhin in großen Mengen Keramik
an. Neben der Massenware für den täglichen Gebrauch wurden auch exquisite Einzelstücke mit anthropomorphen
Verzierungen hergestellt, die als keramische Luxusware anzusehen sind. Die bei den beiden Mayener Fundstücken vorhandenen
Gesichtsausschmückungen weisen mit ihren Darstellungen auf eine wohlhabende Nutzerschicht hin. Solche
Gefäße dürften bei Bürgertum, Klerus und Adel im Rahmen von Festlichkeiten zum Einsatz gekommen sein und als
Vermittler des neuen Selbstwertgefühls der sozialen Eliten gedient haben. Auslöser für diese neue spätmittelalterliche
Facette der Keramikverschönerung waren wohl orientalische Gefäße, die während des 2. und 3. Kreuzzuges nach
Europa
gelangten. Diese Verzierungsart wurde auch im Rheinland beliebt, konnte man so doch die neue selbstbewusste
Sichtweise der Oberschicht und ihre Selbstdarstellung plastisch vor Augen führen.

The pre-burial origin of early Anglo-Saxon cremation urns is a subject which has long been debated. Julian Richards (1987), for example, has suggested that they were produced for a specific individual at the time of their death, whilst Hirst and Clarke (2009) advocate that cremation urns were obtained from the domestic sphere. Yet, as this paper will demonstrate, neither theory allows us to identify the pre-burial origin of individual vessels and as a consequence neither can be claimed to be based on anything more than circumstantial evidence. A re-assessment of the pottery from the recently published cemetery of Cleatham (North Lincolnshire), however, demonstrates that by taking a use-alteration approach to the study of Anglo-Saxon cremation urns a wealth of information can be revealed which allows us to consider and identify a pre-burial biography for each individual vessel. By focusing on specific attritional markers, it will be shown that the pre-burial function of cremation urns may have been an extremely significant concern in the selection of an appropriate vessel for burial.

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the industrial district of the North Staffordshire Potteries dominated the British earthenware industry, producing local goods that sold in global markets. Over this time the region experienced consistent growth in output, an extreme spatial concentration of physical and human capital, and became home to some of the most famous Master Potters in the world. The Potteries was also characterised by a growing body of useful and practical knowledge about the materials, processes and skills required to produce world-leading earthenware. This thesis exploits this striking example of a highly concentrated and highly skilled craft-based industry during a period of sustained growth and development which offers a rich opportunity to contribute to several strands of economic and business history. This thesis presents and analyses new empirical evidence based on trade directories to examine the organisational evolution of the district. It reconstructs the district at the firm level, showing that the region’s growth was incredibly dynamic. The spatial concentration of producers and the importance of social and business networks are also explored through a new map of the region in 1802 and social network analysis.
As a study of a craft-based, highly skilled industry without a legacy of formal institutions such as guilds to govern and protect access to knowledge, this thesis also offers substantial empirical and historiographical contributions to the study of knowledge and innovation during the period of the Industrial Revolution. It presents a new database of pottery patents alongside a variety of qualitative evidence such as trade literature, exhibition catalogues, advertisements and sales catalogues. Quantitative and qualitative analysis reveals the low propensity to patent in the North Staffordshire pottery industry, and provides a new typology of knowledge used in the industry. It argues that the types of knowledge being created and disseminated influenced the behaviour of producers substantially, and this typology of knowledge is far more complex than those established tacit/explicit divisions favoured in historical study and the social sciences more broadly.
The findings of this thesis allow us to answer numerous outstanding questions concerning the development of the North Staffordshire Potteries during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. When brought together in such a way, the complementary strands of research and findings presented offer a coherent narrative of an extremely complex and dynamic cluster of production that both challenges and confirms traditional historiographical tradition concerning industrial districts.

This paper explores the materiality of food production and consumption within the household in Bronze Age Cyprus. The focus is on embodied encounters with the “stuff of food” – the pots, pans and other kitchen implements that were used on a daily basis – and how these shaped people’s lives. Throughout the Early and Middle Bronze Age, generations of families on Cyprus used Red Polished pottery to serve and consume food and drink: the round-bottomed pots were not designed to be laid on a table indicative of the development of very specific customs of dining at home. The very limited range of pottery (wares and forms) available to the Early-Middle Cypriot householder suggests a monotone cultural experience. The introduction of vessels with flat bases or ring bases at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age might indicate a move to dining around a table – a radically different engagement with the physical, material world which undoubtedly affected social relations within the Cypriot household. This was accompanied by radical shifts in production practices – a move away from household production into the realm of craft specialists – alongside which there was an explosion in the range of tableware for consumption of food and drink and of utilitarian wares used within the kitchen. This paper interrogates the implied transformations in the cultural knowledge embedded within people’s engagement with their material world and the very different visual and tactile experiences involved in the daily use of pottery in the LBA Cypriot household.

Way too often various handmade traditions present in Mainland Greece are classified under a common heading – usually that of Handmade Burnished Ware – which does not contribute to the proper understanding of their origin and significance. Also, if handmade pottery shows up in contexts of 13th century BC and either entirely follows Mycenaean typology or differs only slightly from standard forms, it is frequently omitted from the discussion or even not recognized at all as not being foreign or ‘alien’ enough. In this paper, I will try to demonstrate that it is worth paying close attention to the details of manufacture of handmade pottery. In particular, such an approach to deposits on the Greek Mainland of late 13th and 12th century BC highlights existence of various groups of handmade pottery, only one of which is the famous and much discussed Handmade Burnished Ware. While its appearance can be quite confidently ascribed to the arrival of relatively small groups of people originating from Southern Italian peninsula, the other pottery groups most likely result from economic stress and problems with supply of standard Mycenaean products of similar functions, and/or response of former customers to economic hardship.

This book is a study prepared on the forms and usage of the containers
used for the purposes of Ancient Greek and Roman Era.
These containers made of terracotta, stone, glass, wood and various
metals, often used in religious ceremonies and burial and in
various stages of daily life, from eating and the drinking culture,
to the cleaning understanding. These containers are designed
for solid or liquid objects and is produced depending on their
use, large or small, broad or narrow, deep or shallow form. This
study, the containers primarily grouped according to intended
use, presented under the headings like Cooking Containers,
Cooling Containers, Kitchen Utensils, Kitchenware, Storage and
Transport Containers, Mixing Containers, Liquid Service Containers,
Liquid Tableware, Solid Tableware, Dinner Ware, Waste-
Cleaning Containers, Personal Maintenance Vessels, Ritual-Cult
Vessels. Each container discussed under this heading were assessed
in itself. Firstly, it disclosed the name of the vessel and
the origin of the name and known early examples, then made
the definition of forms, emphasized form features, significant
form changes that occur over time has been explained briefly.
Finally, it disclosed information regarding the use of the vessel,
on the functions of these containers has made assessments in
the light of the Ancient sources and modern research. This study
enriched with digital information on their use details like the sizes
and volumes of containers. In the end of study, for a better
understanding of the subject, tables been presented about the
volumes and functions of containers. The pictures and drawings
of the containers have been placed so that get a better perception
of the form of containers.