Pottery (Archaeology)

The finds from Cerro Macareno served as the basis
for a first classification of the Preroman amphorae of the
Lower Guadalquivir. Thirty years on, the volume of the assemblages
has grown considerably, but the study of these
products still presents the same problems. The fragmentation
of the material and the absence of more and better chronological
data are still the greatest obstacles in establishing the typology
and evolutive sequence of the commercial vessels that
circulated throughout the region during the time span studied
here, but there is also a lack of an analytical database that
could enable the characterisation of the fabrics with greater
precision than their visual examination or study by means of
conventional methods of analysis. However, we attempt to
offer a global vision of the classifications put forward by different
authors and of the amphorae most representative of the
regional trade, distinguishing between two spheres of production
of different nature and projection, one interior and the
other coastal.

In 2009-2010 an emergency excavation was carried out on a future golf course of „Golf ter Hille‟, Oostduinkerke. Zone 2 yielded traces of a transformation of a simple farmstead into a moated site with a typical motte-and-bailey structure. The traces from the oldest phase, phase I, yielded a broad variation of pottery dated in the late 9th-11th century. Besides the local grey pottery, especially pottery from production centers in the Rhineland, the Meuse Valley, Northern Netherlands / Germany or the Dutch Kempen and Northern France was identified. Phase I yielded a wide variety of kitchen, table and artisan ware. Besides the presence of the same pottery groups, it seems that phase I is sharing other characteristics with sites in the coastal plain of Northern France. It‟s possible that phase I fits within a North Sea maritime culture that is located in the region Calais-Boulogne-Dunkerque and the Flemish West Coast.

In questo lavoro sono presentati i risultati di analisi archeometriche realizzate su campioni di ceramiche fenicie rinvenute negli scavi archeologici del villaggio nuragico di Sant’Imbenia, Alghero, SS, Sardegna, durante le campagne del 1990 e del 2008. Dopo lo studio archeologico di un centinaio di campioni, ne sono stati selezionati alcuni in base alle loro caratteristiche sia archeologiche, sia archeometriche rilevate autopticamente. La fase successiva è stata lo studio in laboratorio. Innanzitutto, i campioni sono stati osservati allo stereomicroscopio (15 e 20X), per identificare i trattamenti applicati alle superfici. Il riconoscimento delle fasi minerali e della tessitura delle ceramiche è stato eseguito osservando sezioni sottili con un microscopio ottico polarizzato BX60 Olympus (POM), collegato a una macchina fotografica digitale (Olympus DP10). Il grado di porosità e le forme dei pori sono stati determinati mediante valutazione visiva con grafici comparativi (Munsell ® Carte di Colore del suolo, 1994). La composizione mineralogica delle ceramiche è stata determinata usando l’analisi di diffrazione a raggi X (XRD), mentre le analisi chimiche sono state eseguite mediante la fluorescenza a raggi X (XRF). I risultati hanno permesso la divisione dei campioni in tre gruppi; il primo, che può essere considerato di produzione nord-africana; il secondo, che si può ritenere di produzione sulcitana e il terzo che si può reputare di produzione orientale, soprattutto in base al dato archeologico, poiché i dati archeometrici sulle argille sono ancora pochi e di non semplice reperimento.
Oltre alla caratterizzazione delle materie prime argillose, è stato compiuto uno studio tecnologico volto a comprendere le diverse fasi della realizzazione dei campioni.

Clark, P and Rady, J 2008 ‘The Prehistoric Period’, in P Bennett, P Clark, A Hicks and I Riddler, At the Great Crossroads: Prehistoric, Roman, and medieval discoveries on the Isle of Thanet 1994–95, Canterbury Archaeological Trust Occasional Paper, 4, Canterbury: Canterbury Archaeological Trust, 9–100

This study focuses on issues of culture contact and the materialization of identity through an archaeological case study of a late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Cherokee community located in eastern Tennessee. The English Contact period (ca. A.D. 1670-1740) was an extremely turbulent time for southeastern Indian groups marked by disease, warfare, and population movements. I examine how this chaotic period played
out in the daily lives of Cherokee households. I use primary and secondary sources to develop an historical context for the English Contact period in the southeastern United
States. I introduce a reliable way to identify English Contact period Cherokee occupations using pottery and glass trade bead data. I also consult artifact data in order
to identify patterns associated with change and stability in the activities of daily life
within Cherokee households.

I find that daily life in Cherokee households changed dramatically as they coped with the shifting social, political, and economic currents of the English Contact period. Based on variability in household pottery assemblages, I argue that this particular
Cherokee community included households that migrated from geographically disparate Cherokee settlements. This type of social coalescence is documented among other Indian
groups as a strategy employed to ameliorate population loss resulting from European contact. I also find that the architecture and spatial organization of Cherokee communities changed dramatically during the English Contact period. Specifically, the
later communities lacked the highly structured spatial organization and long-lived residential areas that typified earlier Mississippian period communities. Ultimately, I argue that these changes too were strategic adaptations to the flexible and transient lifestyle required during the period.

Ninina Cuomo di Caprio

    Series: Studia Archaeologica, 144
    Format: 17 x 24 cm
    Binding: Hardcover with dustjacket
    Pages and Illustrations: 720, 200 b/w ill
    Publication Year: 2007
PDF ISBN 9788891317490
ISBN: 978-88-8265-397-2
A circa vent'anni dalla pubblicazione, il manuale ormai classico di Ninina Cuomo di Caprio viene riproposto per rispondere a precise esigenze di studio nel campo della ricerca archeologica e di formazione nell'ambito universitario. Il testo è stato completamente ripensato e riscritto, valorizzando le qualità che lo hanno imposto nel settore: la chiarezza, la completezza, l'attenzione culturale e storica alla tecnologia della ceramica. Nel ripercorrere il cammino seguito da un manufatto fittile dalla modellazione in argilla alla cottura nella fornace a combustibile solido naturale, l'attenzione è rivolta non soltanto agli aspetti tecnici ma anche alla piena consapevolezza circa le molte facce della produzione ceramica. La trattazione è incentrata sul mondo antico ma non solo classico: si aprono sviluppi riguardanti sia la preistoria sia il mondo medievale. Tutto questo rende il volume uno strumento di lavoro ancora più prezioso. La seconda parte del manuale è dedicata alle analisi di laboratorio che possono essere utili per una migliore comprensione della ricerca archeologica ed è completata da un'appendice sulle fonti letterarie antiche.

In 2018, a team from the Austrian Archaeological Institute uncovered an alphabetic inscription that was painted onto a fragment of a Cypriote White Slip II milk bowl. The significance of the Lachish Milk Bowl Ostracon (LMBO) for biblical history cannot be overstated, as this ostracon ties the Israelites of Joshua's campaign directly to Canaan at the end of the 15th century BC. This inscribed potsherd from Lachish’s destruction layer, which dates to near the end of the Late Bronze Age I, attests to Israelites in Canaan just before 1400 BC. The ostracon includes a brief but legible writing in the script of the world’s oldest alphabet, whose prior attestation is reserved almost exclusively for inscriptions from Egypt (Lahun, Wadi el-Ḥôl) and Sinai (Wadi Naṣb, Serâbîṭ el-Khâdim), which the author previously demonstrated to be written in the Hebrew language. The LMBO is possibly the most definitive form of evidence of the Israelite conquest of Canaan yet discovered by archaeologists excavating in Israel.

This is a published doctoral thesis in Turkish language at the Dokuz Eylül University, submitted by Gülseren Kan Şahin in 2015. In this dissertation pottery finds from Hadrianopolis and its chora in southwestern Paphlagonia (northwestern central Turkey) are presented in detail, which were collected between the years 2005 and 2008. A version of this thesis in English language is already published in 2016 as a part of BAR International Series (no. 2786) and in Turkish language in 2019 as a part of publication series of Turkish Historical Society.
Paphlagonia was an ancient region on the Black Sea coast of north-central Anatolia, bordered by Bithynia to the west, Pontus to the east and Galatia to the south.  Today, Hadrianopolis and its chora lie in the region around Eskipazar in the Turkish province of Karabük. Between 2005 and 2008 an archaeological team from the Dokuz Eylül University in Izmir carried out archaeological field surveys, excavations and restorations in Hadrianopolis and its close surroundings. During these four field campaigns, 1550 sherds ranging between the Pre-Iron Age (IInd mill. BC.) and the Middle Byzantine period (late 11th/early 12th cent. AD.) were collected, most of which consisted of Late Roman-Early Byzantine (late 5th-mid 8th cent. AD.) coarse ware. In this study 30 main pottery groups were constituted, based on their chronology, function and fabric. The book contains a detailed description of each find deposit, including the typologies and fabrics of wares and a comprehensive catalogue with drawings, as well as photos, of each sherd. It is, thus, the first extensive pottery report of the Turkish Black Sea area, offering a continual picture of all the wares and chronologies available, including their chronologies.

In Utrecht is de tot nu toe oudst bekende productie van pijpaarden voorwerpen in de Nederlanden aangetroffen.
Tijdens een opgraving in het gebied Springweg, Strosteeg, Putsteeg en Blinde Steeg door de archeologische dienst van de gemeente Utrecht in 1974 is onder meer het afval van een heyligenbacker aangetroffen. Een tweetal vijftiende-eeuwse afvalputten, destijds behorende bij een aan de Springweg of de voormalige Putsteeg gelegen kamer, leverde onder meer een reeks religi-euze pijpaarden objecten op. De vondsten kwamen tevoorschijn uit een stenen beerput (put R) en een houten tonput (put L) die beide als afval-of beerput dienden. Omdat de meeste funderingen reeds voorafgaand aan de opgraving waren gesloopt, is over de exacte indeling van het terrein weinig met zekerheid te zeggen. Het onderzoek kreeg als toponiem de naam van de Strosteeg mee en is daarom vooral onder die naam bekend geworden. Uit de afvalputten kwam naast dit productieafval ook huisraad (aardewerk en steengoed) van de heyligenbacker en zijn gezin tevoorschijn. Omdat het gesloten vondstgroepen betreft, zijn het vooral deze gebruiksvoorwerpen die de datering van de contexten bepalen.

Bu tez çalışmasının amacı Protohistorya ve Önasya Arkeolojisi çerçevesinde Türkiye sınırları içerisinde tespit edilmiş seramik fırınlarının hepsini ilk kez bir araya getirerek incelemek ve tipolojisini karşılaştırmalı olarak ele almaktır. Anadolu’da seramik fırınları Kalkolitik Çağ’dan itibaren görülmeye başlamıştır. Şu anki bilgiler ışığında Anadolu’da Kalkolitik Çağ’a tarihlenen seramik  fırını Tell Kurdu yerleşim yerinde bulunmuştur. Güncel kazı bilgileri ışığında ise Anadolu’da seramik fırınları sayısal olarak en çok Orta Tunç Çağı’nda gözlemlenmiştir. Tez kapsamında seramik fırınlarının tespit edildiği
yerleşim yerleri ise Tell Kurdu, Seyitömer, Gaziantep Kalehöyük, Troia, Kocabaştepe,
Panaztepe, Milet, Lidar Höyük, Şaraga Höyük, Limantepe, Boğazköy, Tell Atchana,
Ziyaret Tepe ve Kinet Höyük olmuştur. Tatarlı Höyük’te 2015 yılında gerçekleştirilen kazıda seramik fırını olduğu düşünülen bir fırın bulunmuştur, fakat henüz yapısal
durumu veya form ayrıntıları yayınlanmadığından tez çalışmasına dâhil edilmemiştir.

SUMMARY: Chapter 8, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers what typically survives, what constitutes an "artifact", interpreting usage, obtaining materials (e.g., quarrying; mining), transporting materials, installing materials, manufacturing items, identifying function, experimental archaeology, etc., regarding stone, bone, antler, shell, leather, wood, plant, metal, faience, glass, and other materials and diverse artifacts.  In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record.  UPDATED May 2023.

MÖ. 7. binyıl pek çok bakımdan Yakın-Doğu Tarihi’nde bir dönüm noktası oluşturur. “Çanak-Çömleksiz Neolitik” (Erken Neolitik: MÖ. 10000-7000) adı verilen dönem, binyıl başında yerini “Çanak-Çömlekli Neolitik”e (Geç Neolitik: MÖ. 7000-5500) bırakır. Geç Neolitik’te önceki devrin anıtsal mimarisi ve mega-köylerinden eser yoktur. Bu yüzden MÖ 7. binyıl toplumlarının kültürel açıdan bir “gerileme” yaşadığı ve karmaşık toplum adımlarının zayıfladığı yanılgısına düşülür. Oysa küçülen yerleşimlerde hareketli (yarı-göçebe) çobanlık uygulamalarına geçilmiş; avcı-toplayıcı pratikler zayıflamış, ev ekonomisi büyük ölçüde çiftçilik-besiciliğe dayalı hale gelmiş; çömlek teknolojisi geliştikçe besin saklama ve taşıma olanakları artmış; ikincil ürünler devrimi sayesinde evcil hayvanların eti kadar sütü ve yününden de yararlanılır olmuştur. İklimdeki soğuma ve kuraklaşma da, Neolitik toplumlarının doğaya karşı mukavemetini artıran bir faktördür. İşte böylesi bir dönüşümler çağında, Yukarı ve Aşağı Mezopotamya’da çanak-çömlek stilleri üzerinden ayırt edebildiğimiz ilk bölgesel kültürlerin ortaya çıktığını görürüz. Kuzeyden güneye Halaf, Hassuna ve Samarra, kültürel etkileşim evrenleri olarak belirmiş; MÖ. 6. binyıl boyunca bu üç kültür arasındaki karşılaşma/temas, Halaf’ın diğerlerini soğurmasıyla sonuçlanmıştır. Geç 6. binyılda ise, Aşağı Mezopotamya’nın en erken kültürü Ubeyd’in hızla kuzeyi etkisi altına aldığını ve Halaf’ın sonunu getirdiğine tanık oluruz. Giderek “devlet-öncesi karmaşık toplum”u temsil eden Ubeyd’in yaygınlığı, Mezopotamya’da uygarlığın gelişini haber vermektedir. Bu bildirinin amacı, bölgenin erken kültürleri arasındaki “temas”ın yoğunluğunu ve erken karmaşık toplumların hangi koşullarda belirdiğini araştırmaktır.

SUMMARY: Chapter 2, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers the variety of the evidence remaining in the archaeological record across the globe, including wet sites, cold sites, dry sites, and other sites; I have removed the case study from Tell Tebilla (now a separate lecture) and substituted a lengthy series of slides dealing with assessing artifacts from such things as materials, form, decoration, function, and context through broader questions and different types of analysis, focusing on Naqada II-type decorated pottery from Predynastic Egypt.  In my view, the course textbook is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. REVISED: Jan/ 2023 minor edits.

The exceptional status of the elite cemetery HK6 at Hierakonpolis is well known and already apparent from its location, over 2 km from the edge of the alluvial plain, a position paralleled only by cemetery U, the elite cemetery of Abydos, the other major Predynastic site in Upper Egypt.1 HK6 has been badly looted, both in antiquity and more recently; systematic excavations were started only in 1979 under the direction of Michael Hoffman (1982). As his priorities were mainly in settlement archaeology, he abandoned work at HK6 after three seasons (Adams 2000: 2-4), but interest in the site was revived in 1997, when Barbara Adams started to work there. Unfortunately she was only able to complete four seasons before her untimely death in 2002. Although her work produced several remarkable finds (Adams 1999, 2004), the extent of her investigations remained nevertheless limited (Adams 2004: 50). Excavation of the cemetery has been continued by Renée Friedman, with two intensive seasons during winter – spring 2005 and 2006 (Friedman this volume).

Very little, practically nothing has been written about the Submycenaean period in Western Achaea, a fact reflecting the belief that this stage was not particularly developed or that it had nothing significant to offer. 1 Moreover, in the few reports the word "Submycenaean" defines objects that do not fall stylistically into the Mycenaean period and, at the same time, cannot be classified as EPG, without taking into consideration their cultural environment, as usually happens elsewhere. 2 The simple definition "probably Submycenaean" is the most common in these cases and it refers exclusively to objects, so that the phase is merely being insinuated, without the slightest effort to place these objects in a general cultural frame, if there should be one. It seems that the existence of this hypothesis does not leave room for further analysis and for thorough examination so that the subject is finally overlooked and not discussed. This situation is due to objective difficulties related to the region, but also to the numerous and often different and contradictive views which are still pertinent to the use of the term Submycenaean. 3 This fact gives the impression that there are only few and isolated objects, mostly pottery, in Achaea that probably belong to the Submycenaean Style, which is either rare or confused with the local LH III C Late/Mature Achaean pottery Style. 4 As a result this particular phase, stage, period or whatever it is, is practically considered to be non-existent. However, this perspective is not exclusively related to pottery but it partly includes bronze items as well. If the classification of bronze or other objects in the Submycenaean period is correct, and given that the Submycenaean is not exclusively associated with a certain pottery style only, then the presence of other features, which so far have been overlooked or regarded as insignificant, must be expected. Below we are going to propose that in Achaea there is not only a particular or local Submycenaean style but features which define a Submycenaean Period. These features are beyond changes in the settlement but also beyond fashion in dressing, like the appearance of new bronze accessories, as we shall see below.

Ancient Israel prohibited carved images of YHWH. Even the name reminded this ancient people that their divine patron was unimaginable. During his inauguration (Exod 2:23-4:23), Moses asks the patron of his ancestors for a name. I am who I am reminded Moses that humans are not entitled to divine names. It tells Moses nothing. It is a nonsense riddle like name-smame. YHWH's response is a lesson for Moses. Those who call names have power over those who answer. Owners call animals by name; parents call. However, the Hebrews are not to call their divine patron by name. Today, observant Jews do not say YHWH but Lord -- a generic title of respect used by clients for their patrons. Some also simply refer to YHWH as The Name. Nonetheless, the iconoclasm of ancient Israel did not prohibit the development of a rich litany of word images which describe YHWH as an artist, a potter, a farmer, and a midwife.

This paper reports on the fifth year of the University of
Cambridge Higher Education Field Academy (HEFA)
project which combines education and outreach
(particularly within the secondary school sector) with the
archaeological investigation of currently occupied rural
settlements (CORS) by the excavation of 1-metre square
test pits in open spaces (mostly private gardens) within
areas currently occupied by settlement. A total of 246 test pits were excavated in 2009, nearly 100 of which
were dug by members of the public during community
test pit excavation weekends. This paper summarises the resutls of these excavtions which took place in eleven parishes across six counties in eastern England as well as in Derbyshire and Leicestershire (the latter in Kibworth carreid out as part of Michael Woods 2010 history series for BBC2 'Story of England').

We explore the relationships among the development of status differentiation, the shift to wet-rice cultivation, and ceramic specialization in the Old Kiyyangan Village (OKV), Ifugao between 900 CE and 1800 CE. Recent archaeological investigations at the OKV have established the intensification of status differentiation associated with the introduction of wet-rice cultivation in the region. Previous models suggest that wet-rice cultivation in the region was at least 2000 years old, but current research establishes that the shift to wet-rice farming occurred soon after the arrival of the Spanish colonizers at ca. 1650 CE in the northern Philippines. For elsewhere in the Philippines, Junker (1994, 1999) argued that the emergence of social differentiation in Tanjay, Negros, in the central Philippines coincided with increases in the pottery specialization, which also signified elite control of craft production and distribution. In addition, Stark (1995) viewed agricultural intensification as one of the conditions for the emergence of craft specialization in Dalupa, Kalinga. This paper explores the models proposed by Junker and Stark to investigate ceramic standardization, agricultural intensification, and status differentiation in the OKV. Our analyses of the dimensions of utilitarian earthenware ceramics from OKV suggest low degrees of specialization in pottery production, even when there were increases in social differentiation and agricultural intensification.

In a pioneering stage of application, portable X-ray fluorescence analysis (p-XRF) has been used in a number of recent projects to analyse pottery, especially for provenance studies. Various research groups have shown that in principle, accurate measurements can be obtained using p-XRF. However, compared to classical laboratory analytic methods, p-XRF can only measure a limited set of chemical elements, and the measurements have a greater standard deviation. These effects will be demonstrated by a comparison between p-XRF and laboratory analytic methods (XRF, ICP-MS, NAA) on the basis of hundreds of analysis of neolithic, Iron Age and Roman Imperial Period pottery from different contexts. The results were subsequently analyzed and critically compared using multivariate statistical methods. In addition, the influence of the pottery temper on the quality of the data by measurements with p-XRF is discussed. With our basic research we want to give a contribution to establish the use of p-XRF in pottery provenance studies.

Combining temper analysis of Polynesian Plain Ware with the concept of technological style, I argue that at least two separate pottery production groups are reflected in the ceramic assemblage of Aganoa, an ancestral Polynesian village on Tutuila Island, American Sāmoa. These production groups appear to have been consistent over time and probably reect long term divisions in ancestral Polynesian social organization. Identification of such groups provide greater insight into production organization, allowing Sāmoan archaeologists to begin to ask questions about how the organization of pottery production articulated with other aspects of ancestral Polynesian society, including exchange, production of other material culture, and political organization.

於2006 年到2010 年期間，慈濟大學考古隊發現花蓮鄉間部份保
存條件欠佳的史前考古遺址正面臨各式衝擊，已在濱危邊緣，如地層
風化與開發議程均導致文化資產標本流失。考古隊遂在花蓮縣文化局
指導下，除申請遺址發掘以外，亦持續進行地表調查，並整理流散於
民間之史前遺留。總計本次整理陶質標本546 件，包含許多花蓮地區
重要遺址，由北至南依序為美崙山遺址、花岡山遺址、嶺頂遺址、嶺
頂二號遺址、鹽寮遺址、月眉二號遺址、橄子樹腳遺址、萬榮平林遺
址、水璉遺址、水璉二號遺址、上明利遺址、新社遺址、豐濱宮下遺
址、貓公遺址、大港口遺址、富源遺址、三民遺址、新民遺址、下朥
灣遺址、玉安橋遺址、東里遺址、清水遺址、萬寧遺址、竹田遺址、
羅山遺址、公埔遺址。基於所得之地表採集標本數量甚多，對花東地
區的史前陶質器物形貌與花蓮考古學文化層序應可提供普遍性認
識，本文並試由這批材料綜觀花東地區蘊含之陶質遺物種類、器種及
形制。

In 1996 and 1997, a rescue excavation was carried out in the area of six collapsed, originally medieval houses in Filištínská Street in the town of Chrudim. It concentrated on the backyards of house nos. 37/I – 40/I. In the backyard of house no. 39/I, in test pit H situated on the outer face of the town wall, there was unearthed cesspit XX. Analysis of material from its fill which mainly contained kitchenware sherds showed that the cesspit had been filled between the late 13th and the first decades of the 14th centuries. The time of its use can therefore be associated with the town's first development phase, delimited by its foundation in the 1260s-1270s and an extensive fire in the first third of the 14th century. Despite the find assemblage being not very numerous, cesspit XX represents an important piece of evidence for the development of the medieval town of Chrudim at its very beginnings.

This paper focuses on traditional hand-wheel pottery-making in Potravlje. Potravlje is an active centre of this kind of pottery-making which has been listed as intangible cultural heritage of the Republic of Croatia. Objects which are a part of the Ethnographic Collection at the Museum of the Cetinska Krajina Region-Sinj will be used to present the local potters' skills and artistry, as well as to demonstrate how these objects were used in everyday life rural hinterland in Dalmatia in the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century.

ll presente articolo concerne le restituzioni ceramiche tra IX e inizio XI secolo provenienti dallo scavo di Miranduolo (Chiusdino – SI), in continuità con il contributo di Alessandra Nardini per i depositi di VII e VIII secolo. Nello specifico, tratteremo separatamente il periodo del villaggio-azienda, compreso tra IX-seconda metà X secolo, e la successiva evoluzione in castello in tecnica mista, tra ultimo quarto X-primo quarto XI secolo (si veda al riguardo Valenti 2008, 2013). Il metodo di analisi utilizzato ha riguardato la definizione delle tipologie morfologiche e funzionali, dati quantitativi e distributivi, permettendo di individuare sia produzioni in continuità con i secoli precedenti sia l’introduzione di nuove forme.

Analiza rodzajów pokarmów, które spożywane były przez dawne społeczności, stanowi jeden z istotnych elementów archeologii. Współczesna nauka pozwala na zastosowanie zróżnicowanych badań, które umożliwiają podjęcie rozważań nad dietą badanych społeczności. Obecnie w archeologii stosowane są różnego rodzaju badania fizyko-chemiczne nad materiałem pozyskiwanym w trakcie prac archeologicznych. Jedną z takich metod jest analiza zawartości kwasów tłuszczowych pozyskanych ze ścianek naczyń ceramicznych. W tekście tym zostaną przedstawione możliwości przeprowadzenia powyższych analiz pożywienia przechowywanego i przygotowywanego w naczyniach ceramicznych pochodzących z badań archeologicznych prowadzonych na terenie zamku krzyżackiego w Przezmarku. Na tym obszarze prace wykopaliskowe prowadzi Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie, a kieruje nimi dr Magdalena Żurek. Więcej o wynikach samych prac badawczych można przeczytać w niniejszym tomie. Natomiast poniżej przedstawiono informacje uzyskane po przeprowadzeniu analiz chemicznych masowego materiału zabytkowego.

Extensive shovel probing and high resolution block excavations based on the quantified results of the probes have revealed a midden with a possibly contiguous seasonal village or hamlet of probable Woodland ascription. The site labeled Sexton (8IR01822) is situated on a slightly elevated limestone hammock in Indian River County, Florida, and was episodically occupied/visited into the Historic period. The results of the field work are summarized and compared to other previously studied localities in central Florida.