Knowledge Transfer

Purpose -The research study involved an exploration of the thoughts and perspectives of Generation X aerospace engineers regarding strategies, processes, and methods to enhance the transfer of knowledge from baby boomers to Generation X aerospace engineers.

We explore a dual-network architecture with self-refreshing memory (Ans and Rousset 1997) which overcomes catastrophic forgetting in sequential learning tasks. Its principle is that new knowledge is learned along with an internally generated activity re ecting the network history. What mainly distinguishes this model from others using pseudorehearsal in feedforward multilayer networks is a reverberating process used for generating pseudoitems. This process, which tends to go up to network attractors from random activation, is more suitable for capturing optimally the deep structure of previously learned knowledge than a single feedforward pass of activity. The proposed mechanism for 'transporting memory' without loss of information between two different brain structures could be viewed as a neurobiologically plausible means for consolidation in long-term memory. Knowledge transfer is explored with regard to learning speed, ability to generalize and vulnerability to network damages. We show that transfer is more ef cient when two related tasks are sequentially learned than when they are learned concurrently. With a self-refreshing memory network knowledge can be saved for a long time and therefore reused in subsequent acquisitions.

This article examines how 'safety case' experts working on Finland’s nuclear waste repository project at Olkiluoto summoned, conjured, or channeled memories of Seppo—a deceased colleague whose ‘specter,’ as some put it, still ‘haunts’ their scientific community. For some, Seppo’s postmortem presence manifested as gaps in knowledge left behind by an expert often reluctant to document the methodological assumptions underlying his knowledge-practices. For others, it manifested as anecdotes about Seppo’s stubbornness, irritability, and intellectual intensity as well as his more jovial demeanor during sauna nights, workplace parties, or trips abroad. Still others caught themselves asking ‘What Would Seppo Do?’ while troubleshooting at work. Inspired by anthropological and philosophical work on ancestors and haunting, the article unpacks how the multi-millennial time horizons of nuclear waste risk, the intergenerational time horizons of expert succession, and the everyday time horizons of a single expert life-course shared entwined fates. It focuses less on what knowledge disappeared when an expert’s body died – or how it could have been preventatively backed-up or managed – and more on what has lived on of the expert in and through surviving colleagues. Analysis of 'afterlives of expertise' like these can, it concludes, provide insights for a current moment of intergenerational transition in nuclear energy sectors in Europe, North America, and beyond.

The Second World War gave a strong impulse to the development of translation and interpreting services in the Soviet Union. Military translators/interpreters were expected to engage in frontline propaganda, ad hoc language teaching and reconnaissance, without special preparation. Under constant ideological pressure, they had to come up with creative solutions for concrete problems. On the base of the prosopographic research and semi-structured interviews with three prominent representatives of the aforementioned school, this book describes different biographical and professional trajectories of military translators/interpreters during and after the Second World War. Their backgrounds are as diverse as they are distinct: German and German-Jewish migrants, romantic philological students and poets from the legendary Institute of Literature Studies in Moscow (IFLI), bilingual descendants of diplomatic families and outstanding students and teachers from university departments of German Studies. The translational competences and methodological insights acquired during the war contributed to the establishment of a Soviet school of translation/interpreting and German Studies.
Key-words: Circulation of knowledge, military translation and interpreting services, Second World War, prosopography

... Both authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Public Sector Leadership Development Programme Steering Committee (Roma Bridger, Cathy Mercer, and Karen Taylor) and Memorial University's Gardiner Centre (Susan Arscott, Jackie Collins, and Bill Morrissey). ...

This paper focuses on the specific role of mid-range universities in knowledge transfer and explores the knowledge flows from these mid-range universities which face a number of additional constraints in transitional Central Eastern European (CEE) regions. The first part focuses on the theoretical framework of knowledge transfers and on the types of university–industry linkages involving knowledge transfer in the case of mid-range universities. The next section examines the development path and specific trajectories of universities in post-communist countries. The following sections draw on the findings of the ERAWATCH research and focus on cases from the non-metropolitan regions of Hungary and the Czech Republic in order to examine the specific barriers to knowledge transfer and explain the reasons behind the traditionally weaker role of mid-range universities. The paper argues that ambitious university-based developmental models have to be revised in CEE regions and the future development role of universities has to be reconsidered from a more realistic perspective.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to analyse how a pre-requisite programme and key performance indicators can be developed within an information management system in order to manage food safety, animal welfare and business performance criteria effectively in the poultry meat supply chain and seek to deliver continuous improvement. Design/methodology/approach -Desk research was carried out in order to develop the research model. Competitive benchmarking with a group of broiler growers was used to determine the most appropriate performance indicators that could differentiate both operational and financial performance. Findings -Supply chain benchmarking is more than a comparative analysis of cost structure, indeed it can be argued that if not effectively implemented, benchmarking techniques can focus too much on historic data rather than identifying and implementing current best practice, knowledge transfer and being able to initiate change within the business cycle. Effective livestock benchmarking requires a detailed understanding of the processes undertaken in order to determine the ideas and information that needs to be shared both vertically and horizontally in the chain which in turn will deliver compliance with stakeholder requirements and drive continuous improvement.

Dissemination is the interactive process of communicating knowledge to target audiences so that it may be used to lead to change. The challenge is to improve the accessibility of desired knowledge products by those they are intended to reach. This means ensuring physical availability of the product to as large a proportion of the target audience as possible and making the product comprehensible to those who receive it.

Abstract The study seeks to identify the main facilitators and barriers of tacit knowledge transfer that influence innovation capabilities of the supplier within the buyer–supplier collaboration.The conceptual paper is based on a systematic literature review of 23 peer reviewed journal articles from Elsevier/Science Direct, Emerald, Springer and Scopus. Literature related to buyer–supplier context, tacit and explicit knowledge transfer, knowledge management for innovation purposes was reviewed and synthesised. Findings of the study indicate that organisational contextual factors, relationship strength, internal knowledge brokers, communication and transparency and link duration positively support tacit knowledge transfer and innovation. Complementarity of skills act as a barrier to operational knowledge transfer; however, it supports learning leading to supplier development and innovation in new product development. Conversely, knowledge stickiness is cited as a barrier to tacit knowledge transfer after reaching diminishing returns. The study synthesises the main facilitators of tacit knowledge transfer for managers/practitioners to consider in the buyer–supplier collaboration which can influence supplier innovation on projects such as new product development. The study has further proposed a model that will be tested quantitatively in the subsequent empirical study.

Security Science education at university levels is still in its infancy, with little agreement towards knowledge, curriculum and competency. Therefore, it is essential that educators draw on relevant literature highlighting means of efficient and effective knowledge transfer for tertiary students within the Security Science domain. Such knowledge transfer will reduce the gap between academic knowledge (explicit) and professional competency (tacit

Many organisations are striving to implement knowledge management strategies to their respective organisations. Many of these initiatives result in failure, and very expensive ones at that, mainly because management have thought that the answer to their problems lay with the installation of an information technology solution, often because they have been listening to the seductive sales pitch of the software vendors. This paper attempts to show some of key dynamics that do not even reach the discussion table of the project board implementing a knowledge management system. There is much debate at present as to how knowledge can be shared. It is felt by some that there is an over-dependence upon IT based systems to share knowledge and that such systems do not reflect the complex nature of social organisations. The phrase 'social architecture' is being more commonly used as an element of the systems that affect and can support knowledge sharing. The overall aim of the paper is to discuss the role and nature of social architecture in the sharing of knowledge within organisations. The paper is based upon work in progress that is exploring the role of social architecture in enabling organisational learning and the transfer of knowledge in organisations. The premise is that the role of networks, building design and work systems have a far greater impact upon the potential to successfully share knowledge than any IT based knowledge management system currently has.

Both in theory and in practice insight is limited about how firms in dynamic environments could organize to manage concurrently the strategic processes of exploring new knowledge and exploiting existing knowledge. To contribute to this issue, a conceptual framework is developed which considers the ability to exchange knowledge across organization-units within a firm as a prerequisite to achieve both the goals of exploring and exploiting organizational knowledge. This framework shows how awareness and interest towards exchanging knowledge across units, internal knowledge transfer mechanisms, prior knowledge of the organization units and their organization form, influence the processes of exploration and exploitation within the firm. The conceptual framework and the propositions are illustrated by two case studies of Novartis, one of the leading European life-science companies. The first case is about exchanging knowledge between Novartis’ divisions in the actual organization context....

La transferencia de conocimiento de la investigación pública a la sociedad se ha convertido en un elemento estratégico y fundamental por varios aspectos. La transferencia representa una fuente de financiación para la actividad investigadora, una fuente de innovación para las empresas y una fuente de desarrollo económico. Además, es parte fundamental del objetivo de construir una economía basada en el conocimiento y constituye el tercer eje de la Estrategia española de ciencia y tecnología y de innovación. A este respecto, resulta fundamental evaluar la actividad de transferencia para conocer la situación actual y proponer acciones de mejora. En este trabajo proponemos un modelo de evaluación de la eficiencia de los hospitales españoles en producción científica, dato que podría utilizarse como indicador de transferencia de conocimiento.

Visual programming languages can be used to make computer science more accessible to a broad range of students. The evaluative focus of current research in the area of visual languages for educational purposes primarily aims to better understand motivational benefits as compared to traditional programming languages. Often these visual languages claim to teach students computational thinking concepts; however, although the evaluations show that students may exhibit more enthusiasm, it is not always clear what computational thinking concepts students have actually learned. In this paper we attempt to develop a visual semantic evaluation tool for student-created games and simulations that goes towards depicting the computational thinking concepts implemented by the students. Through semantically analyzing a given student's created projects over time, this visual evaluation tool, called the Computational Thinking Pattern (CTP) graph, can possibly indicate the existence of computational thinking transfer from games to science simulations. 2010 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing 978-0-7695-4206-5/10 $26.00

Volume 5, Numéro 1, pp. 1-6 Communication Theory". Rainer Guldin explore les théories des médias et communications ainsi que de la traduction. Il en relève les similarités. Il étudie plus particulièrement les théories de Marshall McLuhan, Vilém Flusser, Lev Manovich et Michel Serres. Il soutient que l'utilisation de la métaphore dans la traduction au sein de la communication et théorie des médias est centrale à toutes ces théories. Alors que la métaphore était un thème-clé du premier article, les articles subséquents discutent des traductions culturelles et du rythme. Robert F. Barsky examine, dans son article intitulé "First Encounters: Cross-Cultural Translation versus Sympathetic Interpretation on the Front-Lines", les mérites relatifs de la traduction par opposition à l'interprétation en mettant l'emphase sur le temps durant lequel cette conversation se produit dans les contextes interculturels, tels que les auditions de la Convention canadienne sur le statut des réfugiés ou des tribunaux criminels. Il démontre que l'acuité linguistique est plus importante dans les audiences formelles, alors que l'interprétation est déterminante durant les rencontres initiales. Douglas Robinson, dans son article intitulé "Rhythm as Knowledge-Translation, Knowledge as Rhythm-Translation", se penche sur l'intersubjectivité comme une dimension-clé du transfert ou de la traduction des connaissances. Il soutient que l'oreille est la clé dans la conception du transfert du savoir comme rythme. Koblowe Obono explique dans son article intitulé "Patterns of Mother-Daughter Communication for Reproductive Health Knowledge Transfer in Southern Nigeria", que le contexte, la forme, la direction et le niveau de communication révèlent que les femmes encouragent une communication sur la reproductivité dans un environnement privé et à l'aide de stratégies pacifiques et amicales. Il ajoute que cette communication a des implications sur la santé reproductive chez les adolescentes.

Purpose -This paper attempts to examine the issue concerning human resource (HR) structures and the transfer of HR knowledge to discover whether and how HR structure facilitates the transfer of HR knowledge between subsidiaries of an MNC in China. Design/methodology/approach -The investigation, being of an exploratory nature, follows the tradition of a grounded approach. The paper is based on an empirical study of 22 individual HR professionals from 21 Chinese subsidiaries of MNCs. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted between January and April 2004 and a grounded analysis was carried out with the assistance of Nvivo software. Findings -The forms of HR structures, especially China centre-led HR structures, have created an opportunity for developing HR learning networks for sharing HR knowledge amongst sister-subsidiaries and between the subsidiary and the China centre. These forms of HR structure have also provided an essential foundation for wide collaboration between subsidiaries, and further for creating a knowledge-sharing culture to facilitate HR knowledge transfer.

USM has envisioned " sustainability " as a core development theme of the university in light of global sustainability issues. In becoming a world-renowned university for sustainability, USM facilitates sustainability attainment through i) innovations and technology, and ii) changes in lifestyles. Subsequently, CGSS has launched a project that engages its surrounding communities via the dissemination of USM " s sustainability lifestyle practices – focusing on the areas of recycling and composting involving awareness campaigns at stakeholders " venues. It was initiated by conducting situational analyses with stakeholders, after which specific sustainability awareness/practices campaigns were then devised, encompassing the setting-up and monitoring of composting units and recycling bins at six schools (SMK Bukit Jambul, SMK Bukit Gambir, SMK Dato " Haji Mohd Noor Ahmad, SK Minden Height, SK Sungai Gelugor and SK Bukit Gambir), commercial entities (Giant Superma...

This paper examines the association between university–industry collaboration and firm innovation performance, and the effect of informal mechanisms of knowledge transfer on such an association, using data from a survey of 245 firms in Ghana and employing partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results are of significant relevance to the business community and policy-makers in Ghana and West African. We find that while university–industry collaboration is positively related to innovation performance in firms, informal mechanisms of university knowledge transfer do not and negatively moderate the positive association between university–industry collaboration and innovation performance in firms. It is also found that to facilitate innovation outcomes, formal, legal binding contracts are required. The study recommends that university knowledge generation and innovation policies in Ghana encourage formal collaboration between knowledge exchange actors. It is also sugges...

Gains from productivity and knowledge transmission arising from the presence of foreign firms have received a good deal of empirical attention, but theoretical micro-foundations for this mechanism are limited. Here we develop a dynamic model in which foreign experts may train domestic workers who work with them. Gains from training can in turn be decomposed into two types: (a) obtaining

RESUME Les défis pour une gestion durable des eaux pluviales urbaines dans les pays en dévéloppement sont considérables par rapport aux pays dévéloppés. Cet article utilise l´exemple de la ville de Porto Alegre pour analiser cette situation. Les principales difficultés sont ...

Esta investigación versó sobre las Spin-offs universitarias creadas en las universidades andaluzas bajo la hipótesis de que estas empresas se crean en periodo de crisis económica y ostentan unas características propias. Se utilizó una encuesta diseñada y estructurada, con varios campos como los datos económicos, los recursos humanos, I+D+i y la ayuda recibida por las OTRI. Un estudio empírico se realizó a una muestra de 32 de una población de 178 Spin-offs. Los datos obtenidos mostraron cómo las Spin-offs universitarias andaluzas son competitivas gracias a la I+D+i desarrollada dentro de las mismas y a la alta cualificación de capital humano.
This research was about knowing the university Spin-offs created in the Andalusian Universities under the hypothesis that these companies are created in a period of economic crisis and have their own characteristics. A survey designed and structured was used, with several fields such as economic data, human resources, R&D and the help received by the OTRI’s. An empirical study carried out on a sample of 32 out of a population of 178 Spin-offs. The data obtained showed how the Andalusian university Spin-offs are competitive due to the R&D&I developed within them and the high qualification of human capital.

In the literature, knowledge transfer is widely emphasized as a strategic issue for firm competition. In this paper, the knowledge transfer is investigated referring to customer-supplier relationships in industrial districts. The knowledge transfer process is described and a framework is provided to define the main components of the process. A model is proposed to analyse how a leader firm of an industrial district can modify the knowledge nature and adopt different types of supply relationship to increase the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. The model stresses that, when the knowledge transfer has to be fast and reliable between customer and supplier, knowledge has to be codified. However, as the codification level increases, knowledge can be easily shared with other district competitors. Then, the leader firm can also try to control the knowledge transfer by the reduction of the number of suppliers. Referring to the case of an industrial district, some considerations are made to show the practical implications of the knowledge control by the district leader firm.

Ingatorps tithe barn is one of the oldest extant corner timbered buildings in Sweden. It was ”discovered” as medieval in 2003 due to its steep gables and characteristic hewing marks on the timbers. A dendrochronological analyse dated one of the sills to the 1220s AD. In 2011 a project to save the tithe barn was established. Since the barn is one of Europe’s best preserved and least altered buildings from the 13th century it was decided to follow the ICOMOS Mexico document from 1999 and also take the document from Nara 1994 into account. Supplementary site specific principles were also established. The conservation were done in close cooperation with the parish, the diocese of Linköping, the National craft laboratory and the University of Gothenburg. Cooperation with other projects have also been essential. Especially the many synergies with the reconstruction of Södra Råda corner timbered church is discussed. The 20th century tile roof on the barn was too heavy for the roof construction. It was decided to document the worn shingles underneath the tiles and reconstruct the shingle roof. Material for shingles and repair timber were taken locally and treated with medieval woodworking techniques and replicas of medieval tools. Two courses for practising carpenters and parishioners were held in making shingles with traditional methods for the barn. Traditionally made tar was used and reinforced with charcoal using a receipt from 1790 in order to reclaim knowledge about more sustainable and thence more economical procedures to protect the roof. The barn has been thoroughly documented before and during its restoration / conservation. Traditional measuring, photography and video have been combined with both laser and photo scanning. The medieval craftsperson ́s traces of tools and actions has acted as instructions and the involved carpenters have acted as their apprentices during the conservation.
The tithe barn ́s restoration/conservation gained the Eksjö wooden city award of best conservation and architectural achievement in 2018.

Although international joint ventures (IJVs) may mature over time and develop competitive viability, they maintain some risk of instability owing to their shared ownership. Such instability can ultimately lead to their internalization by one of the partners. In this study, we consider factors that influence (1) whether IJVs evolve toward becoming a wholly owned subsidiary, and (2) which parent (foreign or local) gains ownership of the venture. We use a sample of Hungarian joint ventures, and find that only when there is both a power imbalance between the parents and high levels of conflict is the likelihood that the joint venture converts to a wholly owned subsidiary enhanced. The extent to which the joint venture has learned from the foreign parent indirectly determines which parent gains full ownership. Extensive knowledge transfer to a joint venture in a transitioning economy combined with high levels of conflict increases the likelihood of the foreign parent gaining full ownership. In contrast, when there is extensive knowledge transfer and low conflict between the parents, the local parent is more likely to internalize the venture. Our results suggest that the relationship between partner power and outcomes in ventures is more complex than originally believed, and is contingent upon the level of conflict between the parents of the IJV.

pentland d., forsyth k., maciver d., walsh m., murray r., irvine l. & sikora s. (2011) Key characteristics of knowledge transfer and exchange in healthcare: integrative literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing67(7), 1408–1425.pentland d., forsyth k., maciver d., walsh m., murray r., irvine l. & sikora s. (2011) Key characteristics of knowledge transfer and exchange in healthcare: integrative literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing67(7), 1408–1425.AbstractAim.  This paper presents the results of a review of literature relating to knowledge transfer and exchange in healthcare.Background.  Treatment, planning and policy decisions in contemporary nursing and healthcare should be based on sound evidence wherever possible, but research knowledge remains generally underused. Knowledge transfer and exchange initiatives aim to facilitate the accessibility, application and production of evidence and may provide solutions to this challenge. This review was conducted to help inform the design and implementation of knowledge transfer and exchange activities for a large healthcare organization.Data sources.  Databases: ASSIA, Business Source Premier, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Medline and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.Review methods.  An integrative literature review was carried out including an extensive literature search. English language systematic reviews, literature reviews, primary quantitative and qualitative papers and grey literature of high relevance evaluating, describing or discussing knowledge transfer or exchange activities in healthcare were included for review (January 1990–September 2009).Findings.  Thirty-three papers were reviewed (four systematic reviews, nine literature reviews, one environmental scan, nine empirical studies and ten case studies).Conclusion.  Robust research into knowledge transfer and exchange in healthcare is limited. Analysis of a wide range of evidence indicates a number of commonly featured characteristics but further evaluation of these activities would benefit their application in facilitating evidence-based practice in nursing.Aim.  This paper presents the results of a review of literature relating to knowledge transfer and exchange in healthcare.Background.  Treatment, planning and policy decisions in contemporary nursing and healthcare should be based on sound evidence wherever possible, but research knowledge remains generally underused. Knowledge transfer and exchange initiatives aim to facilitate the accessibility, application and production of evidence and may provide solutions to this challenge. This review was conducted to help inform the design and implementation of knowledge transfer and exchange activities for a large healthcare organization.Data sources.  Databases: ASSIA, Business Source Premier, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Medline and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.Review methods.  An integrative literature review was carried out including an extensive literature search. English language systematic reviews, literature reviews, primary quantitative and qualitative papers and grey literature of high relevance evaluating, describing or discussing knowledge transfer or exchange activities in healthcare were included for review (January 1990–September 2009).Findings.  Thirty-three papers were reviewed (four systematic reviews, nine literature reviews, one environmental scan, nine empirical studies and ten case studies).Conclusion.  Robust research into knowledge transfer and exchange in healthcare is limited. Analysis of a wide range of evidence indicates a number of commonly featured characteristics but further evaluation of these activities would benefit their application in facilitating evidence-based practice in nursing.

Abstract: Knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) have been posited to play a critical role as innovation agent and knowledge broker in the new economy. While a substantial part of the literature on KIBS stresses their function as an innovation agent to their clients' innovation process and their contributions to knowledge transfer and diffusion in innovation systems, little attention has been paid to the internal innovation dynamics of KIBS firms. However, the interactive service relationship between KIBS firms and their clients is ...

One of the main challenges in knowledge management is to convey tacit knowledge. Furthermore, there is also a possibility that an expert have difficulties in articulating and conveying this tacit knowledge. Nonetheless, storytelling in knowledge management (KM) context is seen as an effective tool to communicate knowledge, particularly tacit knowledge. While people share stories through face-to-face interaction, we cannot assert that people will learn from this interaction. Firstly, this interaction is not captured and secondly, the knowledge exchanged in the interaction tend to be unstructured which would result in the loss of knowledge value. This paper presents the development of a process framework to construct knowledge story. This framework involves the capturing of knowledge and encapsulates that knowledge into a narrative form

Based on the principles of the human capital theory, this study investigates the role of the quality management system (QMS) in higher education institutions (HEIs) in developing successful employability attributes among graduates. Considering industry as a prominent stakeholder in academia, the authors took industry-academia collaboration as the mediating variable. Using the European Foundation for Quality Management model, the author analyzed how QMS in public HEIs located in London, the United Kingdom (UK), impacts business management, computer science and engineering students' employability. Following the nonprobability convenience sampling technique, this study included data from 324 local and international students. The structural analysis identified QMS as a significant factor in enhancing students' employability, and industry-academia collaboration is found to act as a partial mediator in this relationship. The management of HEIs in developing countries can take valuable guidelines from this study and integrate QMS in their institutions in developing their students' employability, as it is being done by HEIs in the UK.

Knowledge management is a general concept applied to almost any project that an organization undertakes, which is meant to transfer, share and exploit knowledge from one part of the organization to another. Most of the companies are already involved in knowledge management, even if, often, it is done informally and implicitly. The goal of a formal knowledge management program is just to make knowledge marketplaces to become more efficient. Many organizations are recognizing that the ownership of knowledge creates an important competitive advantage. Quite simply, the lack of a knowledge management program means that they are losing money or opportunities. The easiest kind of knowledge management project to justify is the 'knowledge base'. A knowledge base is something that attempts to make the knowledge marketplace more efficient by making explicit knowledge easier to access. Projects that aim to facilitate the transfer of knowledge work best when organizations recognize how the existing knowledge marketplace operates, so that they can work within it.

L’Europe est marquée, depuis une vingtaine d’années, par d’importantes mutations institutionnelles (décentralisation, construction européenne, ouverture internationale, essor de la coopération inter-gouvernementale, tournant néo-libéral) qui contribuent à l’émergence d’un monde multipolaire. Les frontières entre espace public et sphère privée, entre acteurs locaux, gouvernements nationaux et institutions communautaires, se brouillent chaque jour un peu plus. Dans ce monde plus ouvert et plus fluide, axé sur la recherche du compromis, les "intermédiaires" voient leur rôle sensiblement réévalué. Ils participent aux arbitrages politiques, font circuler les idées, jouent un rôle de "passeur" entre tous les groupes et les institutions présents dans l’espace public. Les auteurs de ce livre, en s’intéressant aux trois principaux échelons de la vie politique (local, national, européen) et en croisant différentes approches de la science politique (analyse des politiques publiques, de la profession politique, de l’administration), montrent que l’on ne peut plus étudier l’action publique et la représentation politique en démocratie sans s’interroger sur ceux qui, dans l’ombre, fabriquent les compromis.

This paper explores the use of design patterns and anti-patterns in teaching human-computer interaction principles. Patterns are increasingly popular and are seen as an efficient knowledge transfer mechanism in many fields, including software development in the field of software engineering, and more recently in the field of human-computer interaction. In software engineering a concerted effort is also being made to identify and document anti-patterns for recording the experiences of expert software developers to caution novices against potential bad practices. It is, however, essential that we ensure compatibility with the learner's internal knowledge representation and acquisition processes, whether we are attempting to convey the knowledge in the form of a pattern or an anti-pattern. Since teaching with anti-patterns implies using negation, the primary aim of the research reported in this paper is to explore the efficacy of negative, rather than positive, teaching mechanisms. Evidence from theories of mental modelling and knowledge acquisition that highlight significant dangers in the use of anti-patterns to teach novices human-computer interaction principles is presented and supported with empirical findings. We started off by investigating the use of patterns (positive) in teaching, and then carried out experiments to test the use of anti-patterns (negative) in teaching HCI principles. This paper, whilst reporting mainly on our findings with respect to HCI design anti-patterns, will also identify some problems with the structure and use of patterns and anti-patterns in pedagogy.

Through the course of this paper, we will explore both the negative and positive aspects of using video games in education, and present a personal view point of this relationship based upon cited and referenced materials presented in the paper. Due to the vast amount of material on the subject of video games, the reader is encouraged to follow up on outside readings and other research in order to obtain the full picture of the effects of video games on education and instruction. The individual views stated in this paper are given in support of their particular ideas or theories as to the effects of video gaming on education and its’ participants, and should be treated as such.

This paper presents a narrative management system for organizations to capture organization's tacit knowledge through stories. The intention of capturing tacit knowledge is to address the problem that comes with the mobility of workforce in organisation. Storytelling in knowledge management context is seen as a powerful management tool to communicate tacit knowledge in organization. This narrative management system is developed firstly to enable uploading of many types of knowledge sharing stories, from general to work related-specific stories and secondly, each video has comment functionality where knowledge users can post comments to other knowledge users. The narrative management system allows the stories to browse, search and view by the users. In the system, stories are stored in a video repository. Stories that were produced from this framework will improve learning, knowledge transfer facilitation and tacit knowledge quality in an organization.

Many studies show that unsafe behavior is the main cause of construction accidents. Safety education and training are effective means to minimise people's unsafe behaviors. Apart from traditional face-to-face construction knowledge sharing, social media is a good tool because it is convenient, efficient, and widely used. We applied both social network analysis and sentiment analysis to investigate knowledge sharing on Twitter. Our study is a novel attempt to understand social structure of "construction safety"-related twitter networks and the opinion leaders. We selected and analyzed 6561 tweets of three users' networks on Twitter-"construction safety", "construction health" and "construction accident". We found that three networks had low density and many isolated vertices, which showed that users did not actively interact with each other. The opinion leaders in this study were mostly organizations or government agencies. The top one is "cif_ireland", the Irish construction industry's representative body, the Construction Industry Federation. 3200 Tweets of the top opinion leader were analyzed through graph metrics calculation, cluster analysis, sentiment analysis, and correlation analysis. The opinion leader used Twitter as a medium to disseminate the latest safety news. Thus, we may use Twitter to stimulate people's interest on construction safety topics, share construction safety knowledge, opinions and ideas. Besides, our results showed that sentiment valence had no correlation with number of favorites or retweets. Nevertheless, there was a positive correlation between favorites and retweets.

Contemporary architecture has been strongly influenced by the concept of landscape in recent times. The landscape analogy that accompanied architecture for a long time in tectonics or ornament is now transforming the concepts of form and space. The landscape analogy has moved from marginal subjects to the core of the discipline. We are looking for principals of architectural theory, which can not be derived anymore from an big predominant ideology. What framework for architecture do we still need in the more or less lucky freedom of our time? We might want to use the proposed exercise of knowledge transfer to rediscover some basic principles. A study of landscape as a means of architecture could lead to such a basic theory, not derived from any ideology nor adopting philosophical terms to a practical field. We prefer looking in our own backyard, enjoying the freedom of thoughts about our own subject matter.

Цель работы – зафиксировать новые тренды трансформации соотношения науки и образования, которые подчеркивает концепция науки второго рода, – возникновение новых форм производства знаний и трансфера технологий. В будущем, как результат приобретения высшим образованием массового характера, традиционные формы университета или академического института будут составлять лишь часть более широкой области производства знаний. Традиционные формы трансфера технологий также изменятся, в силу того, что понятие и логика трансфера сместятся с периферии в центр системы ценностей нового исследовательского университета.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar los factores implicados en la transferencia de resultados de investigación en las instituciones de educación superior (IES) a partir de sus capacidades de innovación lo que servirá como base para plantear mecanismos efectivos que fomenten estos procesos en las IES, entender las variables coyunturales en el tema e identificar líneas de investigación futuras. La metodología empleada es la revisión sistemática de literatura, mediante la definición de preguntas de investigación, estrategias de búsqueda y definición de criterios de calidad de las publicaciones, esto con el fin de caracterizar proceso de transferencia de resultados de investigación de las IES a partir de capacidades de innovación, describir las variables de estudio más representativas y los diseños metodológicos más utilizados en el estudio de esta temática. Entre los principales resultados se observa las condiciones que favorecen procesos de transferencia de resultados de investigación en las IES son las alianzas estratégicas, la expansión en el mercado, un mayor conocimiento de los competidores, la innovación y el aprendizaje organizacional, la inversión en CTi y las acciones de apropiación de conocimiento en las organizaciones. Además, entre los factores que han dificultado un mayor desarrollo investigativo en este campo de conocimiento se encuentran: falta de apoyo a la investigación longitudinal, menor número de académicos capacitados para investigar sobre gestión tecnológica y transferencia de conocimientos, la falta de inclusión de oficinas de transferencia tecnológica orientadas a la gestión, administración y comercialización del conocimiento en el contexto universitario

The main purpose of this research project was to investigate the impact of Strategic Human Resource Management practices on knowledge sharing behavior among university faculty members. This research also studied the mediating role of trust and organizational commitment in the relationship between SHRM practices and knowledge sharing behavior. Following the positivist paradigm, this research adopted the quantitative research strategy and collected the data from 700 faculty members of leading universities (top ranked by Higher Education Commission) of Pakistan through a self-administered questionnaire. Bi-variate and multi-variate quantitative analyses were used to test the hypothesis and achieve the research objectives. Structural Equation Modeling through Smart Partial Least Square was used to test the entire key hypothesis. The findings revealed that SHRM practices are vital in creating knowledge sharing behavior among faculty members, organizational commitment partially mediates the relationship among the aforementioned variables, while trust completely mediates the relationship between HR practices and knowledge sharing behavior. Thus, this study provides sufficient guidelines for HR policymakers and administration of public universities on how to make faculty members more committed to their institution and to develop the culture of knowledge sharing by adopting SHRM practices, while helping employees to have socio-emotional relationships so that trust can be developed among them.

Knowing how to select, organize, and use information in order to solve problems, handle new situations, and continue learning are key issues in the teaching and learning scenario in contemporary society. Teaching these skills is particularly critical for European universities and is currently recognized as vital in the context of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA).