Airspace

In order to solve the controller overload problem caused by high requirement of do mestic air t raffic, an adaptive airspace sectorization method is proposed. The concerned airspace is div ided into grids, and the distribution of air traffic is featured by aircraft number and segment length in each grid. The TSP strategy is designed to group grids, and monitor alert parameter (MAP) will be assigned a value higher than the median to ensure the count of aircraft in a sector not exceed the limit so as to get an adjusted result of sector boundaries with wh ich the controller workload increase will be eliminated. Based on the peak count per 15 minutes, temporal distribution of flights in each sector is further evaluated and adjusted to coincide with MAP standard. The method has strong adaptability and may solve the overload problem efficiently during busy periods by increasing controllers on duty.

Ο όρος «εναέριος χώρος» χρησιμοποιείται σε αντιδιαστολή και συμπληρωματικά προς τα καθεστώτα κυριαρχίας που έχει ένα κράτος επί των χερσαίων εκτάσεών του, καθώς και της κυριαρχίας ή των κυριαρχικών δικαιωμάτων που έχει σε θαλάσσιους χώρους όπως αυτοί εθιμικά ή τυπικά ορίζονται από το ίδιο ή διεθνείς συμβάσεις, όπως αυτή για το Δίκαιο της Θάλασσας (1982). Στον εναέριο χώρο ισχύουν επάλληλα ή μεμονωμένα τρία διαφορετικά καθεστώτα: α) το καθεστώς του εθνικού εναερίου χώρου, μέσα στον οποίο το κράτος ασκεί κυριαρχία, όπως στο έδαφος του και στην αιγιαλίτιδα, β) το καθεστώς της Περιοχής Πληροφόρησης Πτήσεων (Flight Information Region, FIR), όπου η Ελλάδα και η εκάστοτε χώρα ασκεί συγκεκριμένες διεθνείς αρμοδιότητες εποπτείας και ελέγχου, και γ) το καθεστώς επιχειρησιακού ελέγχου στο Αιγαίο, με βάση το οποίο η Ελλάδα ασκεί ρυθμιστικές αρμοδιότητες στα πλαίσια του ΝΑΤΟ, οι οποίες αμφισβητήθηκαν από την Τουρκία μετά την αποχώρηση της Ελλάδας από το στρατιωτικό σκέλος της Συμμαχίας το 1974. Στο παρόν άρθρο θα εξετάσουμε ποια από αυτά τα καθεστώτα αμφισβητεί τυπικά ή έμπρακτα η Τουρκία και με ποιο τρόπο επιχειρεί να τα μεταβάλλει ή αντικαταστήσει.

ÖZET Halk hareketlerinin başladığı 2011'den bu yana devam eden kaos ortamı, Suriye'yi yoğun bir güç mücadelesi sahasına dönüştürmüştür. Bölge gerek Suriye'deki yerel aktörlerin, gerekse ulusal çıkarlarını maksimize etmeye çalışan bölgesel ve küresel güçlerin mücadele arenası halini almıştır. Çatışmaların artan şiddeti sonucu kitlesel göç dalgaları Türkiye'ye yönelmiş, terörist eylem ve faaliyetler Türkiye'yi de tehdit eder duruma gelmiştir. Suriye ile yaklaşık 900 km'lik kara sınırına sahip olan Türkiye, kendi güvenliğini sağlamak maksadıyla hudut hattındaki savunma tedbirlerini artırmak ve angajman kurallarını değiştirmek durumunda kalmıştır. Alınan tedbirlere rağmen rejim ve terörist örgütler tarafından askerî unsur ve ülke topraklarına yönelik fiili saldırıların meydana gelmesi, Türkiye'yi uluslararası hukukun kendisine verdiği yetki çerçevesinde karşılık vermeye yöneltmiştir. Bu olaylardan birisi de Türk hava sahasını ihlal eden bir Rus SU-24 uçağının düşürülmesi olayıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da çoğunlukla askerî, ekonomik ve Türk-Rus ikili ilişkileri ekseninde tartışılan, Türkiye'nin güvenlik politikasına ilişkin bu olayın, uluslararası antlaşmalar ve hukuk boyutuyla ele alınarak incelenmesidir. Bu maksatla konuya ilişkin ikili ve/veya uluslararası antlaşmalar, konvansiyonlar ve Türkiye'nin kendi iç hukuk mevzuatı, eleştirel literatür incelemesi yöntemiyle taranmış ve doğrudan ilişkili bulunan dokümanlar üzerinden betimsel bir yöntemle olay değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Rus uçağına yapılan müdahalenin uluslararası ve ulusal mevzuat çerçevesinde meşru olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Güvenlik Politikası, Kamu Politikası, Hava Sahası İhlali, Meşru Müdafaa, Angajman Kuralları.

UAVs are part of common lexicon and very soon would be part of daily life. Till the very recent past, they flew in segregated airspace under the control of the military and for military tasks. As they proliferate in the 'civilian' domain, this essay looks at the immense challenges in integrating them in national airspace for unhindered everyday operations, like commercial aviation. As UCAVs mature in the coming years, integrating them would be an even bigger issue.

The essay is my individual assignment in the Air Traffic Management modules in my Higher diploma programme. This short research describes the situation of Hong Kong's Flight Delays and the possible causes from the tremendous expansion of Aviation Market in Asia, Aerodrome limitations to the Labour shortage in Hong Kong International Airport. The possible solutions will also briefly provided to tackle the Air traffic issues in Hong Kong

Το γεγονός της κατάρριψης του ρωσικού αεροσκάφους Su-24 από τουρκικό F-16 στις 24 Νοεμβρίου 2015, έφερε ξανά στην επικαιρότητα το θέμα των τουρκικών παραβιάσεων στο Αιγαίο. 1 Ενώ η Τουρκία δεν έδειξε την παραμικρή ανοχή σε µία παραβίαση του εναέριου χώρου της, που όπως υποστήριξε κράτησε περίπου 17 δευτερόλεπτα, συνεχίζει να παραβιάζει καθημερινά τον ελληνικό εναέριο χώρο στο Αιγαίο. Η επιθετική συµπεριφορά της Τουρκίας, που συνεχίζει να αγνοεί τους κανόνες του διεθνούς δικαίου και τις διεθνείς συνθήκες, επιδεινώνει τις σχέσεις της µε την Ελλάδα και δυσχεραίνει τις όποιες προσπάθειες επίλυσης των διαφορών των δύο κρατών.

The Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shoot-down by a Turkish F-16 on 26 November 2015, renewed global interest on the question of Turkish violations in the Aegean.1 While Turkey did not show the slightest tolerance in a violation of its airspace, that lasted about 17 seconds, it continues to violate Greek National Airspace in the Aegean on a daily basis. The aggressive behavior of Turkey, which systematically ignores international law and treaties, aggravates its relations with Greece and hampers any efforts to resolve the differences between the two states.

Major cities like London, New York, and Tokyo are served by several airports, effectively creating a Multi-Airport System (MAS), or Metroplex. The operations of individual Metroplex airports are highly interdependent, rendering their efficient management rather difficult. This paper proposes a framework for the design of dynamic arrival and departure routes in MAS Terminal Maneuvering Areas, which fundamentally changes the operation in MAS airspaces for much improved efficiency when compared to the current situation. The framework consists of three components. The first presents a new procedure for characterizing dynamic arrival and departure routes based on the spatio-temporal distributions of flights. The second component is a novel Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model for the prioritization of the dynamic routes, which takes into account a set of quantitative and qualitative attributes important for MAS operations. The third component is a priority-based method for the positioning of terminal waypoints as well as the design of three-dimensional, conflict-free terminal routes. Such a method accounts for the AHP-derived priorities while satisfying the minimal separation and aircraft maneuverability constraints. The developed framework is applied to a case study of the New York Metroplex, using aircraft trajectories during a heavy traffic period on typical day of operation in the New York Terminal Control Area in November 2011. The proposed framework is quantitatively assessed using the AirTOp fast-time simulation model. The results suggest significant improvements of the new design over the existing one, as measured by several key performance indicators such as travel distance, travel time, fuel burn, and controller workload. The operational feasibility of the framework is further validated qualitatively by subject matter experts from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the operator of the New York Metroplex.

nota a CORTE DI CASSAZIONE – SEZIONE III - 9 MAGGIO 2009, N. 10285
Responsabilità extracontrattuale – Fattispecie costitutiva – Reato –
Giudizio civile – Mezzi di prova.
Responsabilità extracontrattuale – Responsabilità da condotta omissiva
– Doverosità della condotta – Fonte.
Spazio aereo – Sicurezza – Ministero della difesa – Ministero dei
trasporti – Obblighi.

This article develops a generic metric for measuring the complexity of a given terminal airspace (TMA). The metric includes static and dynamic complexity, both consisting of the complexity component for arriving and departing traffic. The main objective of the developed metric is as follows: evaluation of particular alternative solutions for airspace organisation and design and related air traffic complexity under the given circumstances, which could be used for planning purposes at the strategic and the tactical level. For this reason, the proposed metric reflects the expected complexity over a certain time period, rather than the current value of complexity. The main factors influencing complexity of a given TMA are: configuration of TMA, which implies among other factors, the number and length of arrival/departure trajectories, the airport(s) runway system capacity, air traffic volume, aircraft fleet mix, spatial distribution of traffic and the air traffic control separation rules. Unlike most other approaches, the one presented in this article disregards the air traffic controller workload issue from explicit consideration, but indicates the level of complexity which could influence the workload that he or she could be faced with under the specified circumstances. The output consists of complexity values dependent of the configuration, i.e. three-dimensional geometry of the given TMA and approach/departure trajectories in it, air traffic volume, aircraft fleet mix and the spatial distribution of traffic. The developed complexity metric has been applied to TMA traffic around London Heathrow Airport, UK.

Considered the Oceanic Airspace busiest in the world, the Airspace North Atlantic recorded in 2012, 460,000 aircraft crossing the North Atlantic. Much of the airspace does not have radar surveillance and radio communications between pilots and controllers because of its large size and remote location. Even with all these adversities the Airspace North Atlantic has good safety levels, low number of delays and reductions in pollutant emissions into the atmosphere, all this is managed through the use of Air Traffic Management techniques along with an organized system routes. This study seeks to identify the main techniques used for managing this airspace, as well as the operational minimum requirements to fly in this region as well as the CNS / ATM concept will bring numbers even more satisfactory for an airspace with high demand air traffic.

Considerado o Espaço Aéreo Oceânico mais movimentado do Mundo, o Espaço Aéreo do Atlântico Norte registrou em 2012, 460,000 aeronaves cruzando o Norte do Atlântico. Boa parte desse Espaço Aéreo não conta com vigilância radar e comunicações via rádio entre pilotos e controladores devido sua grande dimensão e localização remota. Mesmo com todas essas adversidades o Espaço Aéreo do Atlântico Norte apresenta bons níveis de segurança, baixo número de atrasos e reduções nas emissões de poluentes na atmosfera, tudo isso é conseguindo através do emprego de técnicas de Gerenciamento de Tráfego Aéreo, juntamente com um sistema organizado de rotas. O presente trabalho procura identificar as principais técnicas usadas para o gerenciamento desse Espaço Aéreo, bem como, os requisitos mínimos operacionais para voar nessa região e também, como o conceito CNS/ATM irá trazer números ainda mais satisfatórios para um espaço aéreo com grande demanda de tráfego aéreo.

The short film Làssami ("leave me") was directed by Gianluca Sodaro in 2015, and functions as a music video to the eponymous song by Giuseppe Di Bella, who also acts in the film. In this article, I attempt to decipher Làssami's encounter of lyrics, music, sound effects and images. In the first part of the article, I discuss the reproduction of stereotypical images of Sicilian masculinity perpetrated by the film, also drawing on recent media releases. I then work my way through the intricate web of trappings associated to the representation of the female characters in the film-as passive, innocent, celestial, and white. In the second part of the article, I attempt to reinterpret the film in light of the decolonial concept of "de-linking". I argue that Làssami's symbolical coding, regardless of the authors' intentions, refers precisely to a silenced desire for sovereignty and independence.

The 2 November 2015 $31 million agreement between BAE Systems and Reaction Engines of the United Kingdom to develop the SABRE (Synthetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine) powerplant has renewed interest in so-called combined cycle air-breathing rocket engines. While civilian applications have been stressed in the media, a long-range dual bomber may also be developed, perhaps in partnership with countries like Japan

Introduction. News in the Indian-Pacific Ocean Region have been dominated in the past couple of weeks by Beijing's 23 November announcement of an Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) in the East-China Sea. 1 Four aspects are particularly relevant. First, it covers Japan's Senkaku Islands, 2 which China claims under the name Diaoyu. Second, it includes the waters between Japan and Taiwan. Third, it requires aircraft flying through it to provide information, regardless of whether they are China-bound. Fourth, it has been accompanied by renewed speculation about a similar move in the South China Sea. The official announcement required all "Aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone" to provide "flight plans … maintain the two-way radio communications, and respond in a timely and accurate manner to the identification inquiries", maintain "transponder identification" and "clearly mark their nationalities and the logo of their registration identification", following Chinese instructions. The text also warned that "China's armed forces will adopt defensive emergency measures to respond to aircraft that do not cooperate in the identification or refuse to follow the instructions." and stated that the ADIZ would come into force that same day. 3 Commenting on Beijing's move two days later, Andrew S. Erickson (US Naval War College) explained that the Chinese Air Force "soon conducted its first patrol in the zone, with two large reconnaissance aircraft monitoring the area, early warning aircraft supporting and fighters providing cover", adding that "despite boilerplate disclaimers to the contrary, Beijing's action appears targeted precisely at stoking tension between China and Japan, and putting pressure on the U.S.-Japan alliance". Erickson believes that "particularly problematic is the fact that official Chinese statements imply that Beijing intends to use military force if necessary to ensure that all aircraft comply with Beijing's instructions within its declared ADIZ", stressing that "this is an unrealistic expectation, as an ADIZ is not synonymous with national airspace". 4 Professor Tomohiko Taniguchi, senior adviser to Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, considered Beijing's move to lead to "a whole new game", and stressed an aspect of China's ADIZ which has attracted much criticism, namely that in contrast with other such zones planes traversing them but not heading to "Announcement of the Aircraft Identification Rules for the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone of the

cas unique au monde d'aménagement aéroportuaire binational géré et organisé de façon transfrontalière. A travers l'analyse de la répartition de l'espace au sol entre zones françaises et suisses, du partage de l'espace aérien, des conflits en termes de nuisances aériennes, l'article montre comment la frontière nationale demeure présente dans la gestion de l'aéroport en termes juridiques, techniques et de gouvernance.

NASA has developed the Terminal Sequencing and Spacing (TSS) system, a suite of advanced arrival management technologies combining timebased scheduling and controller precision spacing tools. TSS is a ground-based controller automation tool that facilitates sequencing and merging arrivals that have both current standard ATC routes and terminal Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) routes, especially during highly congested demand periods. In collaboration with the FAA and MITRE's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD), TSS system performance was evaluated in human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulations with currently active controllers as participants. Traffic scenarios had mixed Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) equipage, where the more advanced RNP-equipped aircraft had preferential treatment with a shorter approach option. Simulation results indicate the TSS system achieved benefits by enabling PBN, while maintaining high throughput rates-10% above baseline demand levels. Flight path predictability improved, where path deviation was reduced by 2 NM on average and variance in the downwind leg length was 75% less. Arrivals flew more fuel-efficient descents for longer, spending an average of 39 seconds less in step-down level altitude segments. Self-reported controller workload was reduced, with statistically significant differences at the p<0.01 level. The RNP-equipped arrivals were also able to more frequently capitalize on the benefits of being "Best-Equipped, Best-Served" (BEBS), where less vectoring was needed and nearly all RNP approaches were conducted without interruption.

This study is part of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD), a project designed to expand the world's knowledge of physical infrastructure in Africa. AICD will provide a baseline against which future improvements in infrastructure services can be measured, making it possible to monitor the results achieved from donor support. It should also provide a more solid empirical foundation for prioritizing investments and designing policy reforms in the infrastructure sectors in Africa. AICD will produce a series of reports (such as this one) that provide an overview of the status of public expenditure, investment needs, and sector performance in each of the main infrastructure sectors, including energy, information and communication technologies, irrigation, transport, and water and sanitation. The World Bank will publish a summary of AICD's findings in spring 2008. The underlying data will be made available to the public, through an interactive Web site, allowing users to download customized data reports and perform simple simulation exercises. The first phase of AICD focuses on 24 countries that together account for 85 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP), population, and infrastructure aid flows of Sub-Saharan Africa. The countries are: Benin,

The implementation of policies of pre-emption and securitisation by a number of states has led to an increase in the number of aerial incursions by one state's air force into another state's territory in recent years, often occurring before and, indeed, instead of ground incursions. This paper argues that it is vital that we conceptualise territory as a threedimensional volume, rather than simply a flat area, in order to enable an analysis of how these events impact state sovereignty. The central contention of the paper is to extend recent work on territorial integrity and contingent sovereignty into this aerial dimension. A number of brief case studies are provided to illustrate how different incursion practices actively violate territorial integrity or render state sovereignty contingent. The conclusion seeks to answer the question of whether these incidents imply a crisis in aerial sovereignty or whether they confirm the chronic decline of this norm of international law.

In contrast to their use in warfare and surveillance, there is growing interest in the potential of “drones for good” to deliver societal benefits, for example by delivering medical products and other essential goods. Yet development of medical and commercial delivery has been limited globally by restrictive regulation to protect airspace safety and security. In this paper we examine how certain African countries have become testbeds for new forms of drone infrastructure and regulation, driven by the overlapping interests of governments, drone operators, and international development agencies. In particular we explore the factors that have led to the development of an advanced medical delivery network in Rwanda and contrast that with the closing down of airspace for drones in Tanzania. The paper makes a distinctive contribution to research on the ongoing constitution of dronespace as a sphere of commercial and governmental activity. Rwanda’s drone delivery system is seen as the fore...

A comprehensive look at the different aspects of Beijing's ADIZ in the East-China Sea, including the motivations behind the move, the reaction by different countries (including Taiwan and Russia), the origins and evolution of ADIZs in international law, and the underlying conflicts between China and other nations. The paper also provides an overview of ADIZs in international law, indluding their origins and evolution. The connections between EEZs and ADIZs are also noted, together with Chinese perspectives on International Law.

This paper considers the trajectory tracking problem for unmanned air vehicles (UAVs). We assume that the UAV is equipped with an autopilot which reduces the twelve degree-of-freedom (DOF) model to a six DOF model with altitude, heading, and velocity command inputs. In this paper we restrict our attention to planar motion. One of the novel features of our approach is that we explicitly account for heading and velocity input constraints. For a UAV, the velocity is constrained to lie between two positive constants, and therefore presents particular challenges for the control design. We propose a control Lyapunov function (CLF) approach. We first introduce a CLF for the input constrained case, and then construct the set of all constrained inputs that render the CLF negative. The control input is then selected from this "feasible" set. The proposed approach is then applied to a simulation scenario, where a UAV is assigned to transition through several targets in the presence of multiple dynamic threats. Waypoint Path Planner Dynamic Trajectory Smoother J J Trajectory Tracker J J Low-Level Autopilot J J UAV J J

The objective of research is to characterize patterns of errors observers make when relating the judged exocentric direction of a target presented on a perspective display to their egocentric sense of visual direction. This type of spatial task is commonly faced by operators of telerobotic systems when using a map-like display of their workspace to determine the visual location and

A human-in-the-loop evaluation of the Operational Airspace Sectorization Integrated System (OASIS) was conducted in the Airspace Operations Laboratory at NASA Ames Research Center. OASIS is an advisory tool built on an Android touch tablet, designed to assist Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) En Route Area Supervisors in their planning of sector combine/split operations as well as opening/closing of radar associate control positions over the subsequent two hours. During the experiment, eight retired FAA personnel served as participants for a part-task evaluation of the OASIS user interface and the underlying mathematical algorithm that provided the advisories. There were three experimental conditions: Baseline, Computer Recommend Plan (CRP), and User Generated Plan (UGP). In the Baseline condition, participants were presented with four different traffic scenarios and were asked to generate their own sector configuration plan solutions without OASIS. In the CRP condition, they evaluated the multiple advisory solutions that were generated by OASIS. In the UGP condition, they modified the OASIS advisory solutions to make their own solutions with the support of the OASIS tool. The participants considered the OASIS advisory solutions at least as good as their own, suggesting that the underlying algorithm provided good solutions for the Area Supervisors. In the UGP condition, the participants could not improve on the OASIS advisories by further tweaking the solutions. Participants gave positive feedback on both the user interface and the algorithm solutions, including an excellent average rating above 90% on the tool usability scales. They also suggested various enhancements to be incorporated into the next tool development cycle. The development of OASIS is a major activity of the Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) research focus area within the Airspace Systems Program.

This paper deals with the control problems involved in insects' and robots' visually guided piloting. Explicit control schemes are presented which may explain how insects navigate by relying on optic flow cues, without requiring any distance or speed measurements. The concept of the optic flow regulator, a feedback control system based on OF sensors, is presented. We tested our control schemes in simulation, and implemented them on-board two types of miniature aerial robots, a helicopter and a hovercraft. Their electronic OF sensors were inspired by the results of our microelectrode studies on motion sensitive neurons in the housefly's compound eye. The control schemes described do without any conventional avionic sensors like rangefinders or speedometers, and therefore show great potential for safe autonomous control of aerial, underwater and space vehicles in unchartered environments.

The purpose of the article is to develop proposals for improving the control of airspace as a component of the border security. Research methods: the use of the system-structural method and the method of
generalization made it possible to identify general trends in the use of aircraft in border airspace for illegal purposes and identify related legal problems. By applying the formal legal method, ways to improve the
legislation have been proposed. Results: as a result of the scientific search, the directions of regulatory and legal regulation in the field of air space control in the activity of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine have been proposed. Discussion: the Armed Forces of Ukraine have the authority to control the airspace
over a strip of the Earth’s surface running along the state border. At the same time, in modern conditions, illegal use of aircraft is widespread in the border area, which, due to their design features and weight,
cannot always be detected by the Air Defense Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The main attention of the article is focused on the analysis of experience in protecting the state border of Ukraine, which demonstrates actual cases of detection of using such aircraft, which are mainly used near the state border for illegal purposes by the forces and means of the State Border Guard Service.

With the increasing emphasis on service quality in the network of Airspace Management Agencyin the world, coupled with the extensive growth in internet traffic globally it has become a necessity to enhance the backbone network of Airspace Agency with flexibility of Internet Protocol using the Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM). This is to enhance the backbone network with a resilience of IP-DWDM in case of failure. The IP-DWDM network merges the IP and optical layers making network flexibility possible. The measurement, analysis and evaluations of the backbone network were carried out using simulation method. The throughput, latency and data loss were evaluated and analyzed. The result obtained shows that the Dense Wave Division Multiplexing has relatively high throughput, low latency and less packet drop which resulted in high transmission rate over a long distance and low cost in running the network. The paper therefore, proposes the use of embedded flexibility of the network...

We address some of the control problems involved in insects' and robots' visually guided piloting. We present explicit control schemes that explain how insects may navigate on the basis of optic flow (OF) cues, without requiring any distance and speed measurements. The concept of the optic flow regulator, a feedback control system based on OF sensors, is presented. We tested our control schemes in simulation, and implemented them onboard two types of aerial robots, a helicopter and a hovercraft. Our electronic OF sensors were inspired by the results of our microelectrode studies on motion sensitive neurons in the housefly's compound eye. The control schemes described do not involve any conventional avionic sensors like rangefinders or speed sensors, and show great potential for the autonomous control of air, underwater and space vehicles.

This article develops the concept of ''Functional Regulatory Space'' (FRS) in order to analyze the new forms of State action addressing (super) wicked problems. A FRS simultaneously spans several policy sectors, institutional territories and levels of government. It suggests integrating previous policy theories that focused on ''boundary-spanning regime,'' ''territorial institutionalism'' or multi-level governance. The FRS concept is envisaged as a Weberian ''ideal-type'' of State action and is applied to the empirical study of two European cases of potential FRS: the integrated management of water basins and the regulation of the European sky through functional airspace blocks. It will be concluded that the current airspace regulation does match the ideal-type of FRS any better than the water resource regulation does. The next research step consists in analyzing the genesis and institutionalization of potential FRS addressing other (super) wicked problems such as climate change and economic, security, health and immigration issues in different institutional contexts as well as at various levels of governance.

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