Sector

In order to solve the controller overload problem caused by high requirement of do mestic air t raffic, an adaptive airspace sectorization method is proposed. The concerned airspace is div ided into grids, and the distribution of air traffic is featured by aircraft number and segment length in each grid. The TSP strategy is designed to group grids, and monitor alert parameter (MAP) will be assigned a value higher than the median to ensure the count of aircraft in a sector not exceed the limit so as to get an adjusted result of sector boundaries with wh ich the controller workload increase will be eliminated. Based on the peak count per 15 minutes, temporal distribution of flights in each sector is further evaluated and adjusted to coincide with MAP standard. The method has strong adaptability and may solve the overload problem efficiently during busy periods by increasing controllers on duty.

This paper examines the arguments underpinning the smart specialisation concept, an idea which originally emerged from the sectoral growth literature, and one which has recently been applied with to the regional policy context. The shift from a sectoral to a regional context appears prima facie to be quite straightforward but this paper explains that translating the idea to a regional policy context is rather more complex that it at first appears and implies some changes in both interpretation and implications. The outcomes of this are that in a regional policy setting the smart specialisation logic is seen to be broadly consistent with the overall reforms of EU Cohesion Policy. However, in a regional policy setting there is no reason why ICTs should be prioritised over many forms of intangible capital, and the promotion of technological diversification via entrepreneurship may need to be related to specific sectors or activities.

Stock price prediction has always attracted interest because of the direct financial benefit and the associated complexity. From our literature review, we felt the need of a study having sector specific analysis with a broad range of stocks. In this paper, we have conducted a study on the effectiveness of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)model, on fifty six Indian stocks from different sectors. We have chosen ARIMA model, because of its simplicity and wide acceptability of the model. We also have studied the effect on prediction accuracy based on various possible previous period data taken. The
comparison and parameterization of the ARIMA model have been done using Akaike information criterion (AIC). The contribution of the paper , are a) coverage of a good number of Indian stocks b) Analysis of the models based on sectors c) Analysis of prediction accuracy based on the varying span of previous period data

Este artículo presenta un esquema de análisis acerca de la utilización de la previsión tecnológica en el desarrollo de visiones de futuro para clusters y cadenas productivas. Inicia con una breve descripción de la evolución histórica de los programas nacionales de previsión tecnológica. Posteriormente se centra en el análisis de la subteoría de la competitividad y clusters de Michael Porter, haciendo énfasis en sus limitaciones conceptuales y metodológicas para el desarrollo de visiones de futuro. A partir de estas limitaciones, propone una escala creciente para el desarrollo de cadenas productivas en función del grado de compromiso estratégico de los actores relevantes de la cadena productiva y del nivel de conocimiento exigido a estos actores en un horizonte temporal.

Despite constraints like rearing of livestock under sub-optimal conditions due to low economic status of livestock owners, India has now become the largest producer of milk in the world. The development of the Indian dairy sector is an unprecedented success story as it is based on millions of small producers. The Indian Government is making concerted efforts to raise the per capita availability of milk through the increase in productivity of milch animals. In order to achieve this ambitious goal, assistance is being provided to the State Governments for controlling animal diseases, scientific management, upgrade of genetic resources, increasing availability of nutritious feeds and fodder, etc. In the present milieu, when production of dairy products to match international standards has become necessary to compete in the international markets of milk and milk products, steps need to be initiated to improve quality of Indian milk products with a view to boost export trade of these products in free trade regime; earning valuable foreign exchange as well as providing clean and quality milk to the domestic population for their better health.

Lojistik, her geçen gün önemi artan ve bu önemle ticaretin temel taşını oluşturan bir unsur olarak gözümüze çarpıyor. Gelişen ve değişen dünyada bu temel taşın önemi herkes tarafından daha iyi anlaşılır hale geliyor. Özellikle ülkemizde bu önem ile değişimlerle birlikte lojistikte ciddi yatırımlar yapılıyor. Duble yollar, hızlı trenler, üçüncü köprü, Marmaray bu yatırımlara örnek olarak gösterebileceğimiz çalışmalardan sadece birkaçı. Ancak, her ne kadar lojistik konularıyla ilgili ciddi yatırımlar yapılsa da, bu konuya özel bir önem verilse de; üç tarafı denizlerle çevrili, Asya ile Avrupa’yı birbirine bağlayan bir köprü konumuna sahip ülkemizde halen daha lojistiğin tek bir yerden yönetilmemesi ve ülkemizin kendisine ait bir lojistik master planının olmaması, lojistik sektörünün ilerlemesinin hızını kesiyor. Bu nedenle ülkemizin; gerek özel, gerekse kamu sektörünü tek elden yönlendirmek suretiyle kurumlar arası koordinasyonu sağlayacak bir kamu biriminin oluşturulması gerekiyor. Bizler MÜSİAD ailesinin lojistik sektör kurulu fertleri olarak böyle bir oluşuma her türlü desteği vermeye hazır olduğumuzu belirtmek istiyoruz. Raporumuzda yer alan gösterge ve açıklamalarında bu görüşümüzü destekler nitelikte olduğunu düşünüyoruz. Bu sene oluşturduğumuz raporumuz, diğer senelerdeki raporlardan biraz farklı olarak, içeriğinde akademik birtakım çalışmaları da bulunduruyor. Sürekli olarak dilimizden düşmeyen lojistik teriminin anlamı ve tarihçesi gibi konular; lojistikte kalite yönetimiyle ilgili örnek bir akademik çalışma; İstanbul gibi büyük bir şehirde yaşanan lojistik sorunu ve çözüm önerisi raporumuzda detaylarıyla işlendi.

While the HPA is mentioned as a possible 'home' for the general prohibition based on American 'risk of injury" terminology, it might be located in some other generic statute administered by the Department such as the Department of Health Act 3 , or the proposed CHPA if the Department proceeds with the consolidation of constituent Acts under the Legislative Renewal Initiative. 5. Status Quo with Administrative Reform-Under this Option, the Department would rely on the existing provisions for Ministerial Interim Orders in the Hazardous Products Act or the Department of Health Act as the main safety net for dealing with unregulated dangerous products, and unforeseen, emerging and serious risks in regulated products. In this case, however, the focus would be on making the Minister's existing remedy more efficient by developing internal policies for triggering the use of this power together with a fast-track process for exercising it-all in collaboration with the Minister's Office and relevant Central Agencies of Government. The policy and fast-track process would then become a routine element of briefing for new Ministers of Health so they would be 3 S.C. 1996, c. 8 xviii familiar with the emergency measure in advance of the need for urgent intervention. Options two to five (i.e. the 'alternative' options) might be accompanied by a Health Canada program to encourage the development and use of effective voluntary product standards with a view to achieving levels of product safety that routinely exceed minimum legal requirements. For example, on July 10, 2006, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission published a final rule on Commission Involvement in voluntary Standards indicating how the Commission intends to promote improved voluntary product standards in collaboration with the private sector without compromising the public authority's institutional independence or oversight role. 4 Evolution of Instructions In the course of ongoing consultations and discussions with Health Canada, the researchers were provided with draft legislation developed within the department and, subsequently, with an indication that internal consideration of the GSR was proceeding at an accelerated pace in contemplation of a draft memorandum to Cabinet, expected to be presented prior to the completion date for this project. Case Studies and an Emphasis on Implementation Issues With much of the background research (including interviews) in the European Union completed, it was no longer possible to substantially redirect the research effort. However, to accommodate as much as possible the acceleration and intensification of Health Canada's needs for advice on the GSR, two significant changes were made in the presentation of the report. Firstly, to increase the immediate practicality of this GSR research, detailed case studies were added for illustrative purposes. Secondly, to enhance the accessibility of the overall findings, the original intention as to table of contents and organization were abandoned in favour of an approach oriented more towards specific issues arising from the research and with an increased emphasis on matters that might be expected to arise on implementation of a GSR. Much of the historic and comparative material gathered during the course of research therefore appears interspersed throughout the discussion of issues rather than in a consolidated form as background to analysis.

Employment generation alleviates poverty and increases the level of economic activities translating into economic growth. The rate of unemployment in Nigeria is not only alarming but a national embarrassment needing meaningful and tangible action. The contribution of the informal sector to reducing unemployment and growth of the Nigerian economy is quite significant. It is better placed to absorb unutilised resources which the public sector and the organised private sector are unwilling or unable to use and contributes significantly to national economy in terms of output and employment. The challenge is how to support and regulate the informal sector to promote employment, productivity, and income. This paper examines the role of the informal sector in combating the menace of unemployment in Nigeria; the extent to which government policies and programmes have facilitated the sector, and how informal sector enterprises and settlements can be upgraded and progressively integrated into the urban development mainstream. Government has developed policies and programmes to combat the menace with little impact. The sector has shown some dynamism in creating new jobs and its challenges have to do with access to credit and other resources, education and training as well as leadership and organisation. The government must encourage and empower the informal sector through the provision of conducive policies and physical conditions. The informal sector in Nigeria must be sustained for employment generation and job creation goals and optimum contribution to the growth of the economy.

Feedstock Sector Polymer composites a b s t r a c t Lignin has long laboured under the label of "waste material". However, as part of the thematic network EUROLIGNIN, a survey and desk study was undertaken to assess the changes and patterns in the utilisation of lignin with respect to materials applications. This showed that over the last 10-15 years there has been an explosion of research into, and commercialisation of, lignin-based products and processes which add significant value to a material that was previously, and continues to be, used as a low-value fuel for pulping boilers. The innate chemistry of lignin, a phenolic heteropolymer, has allowed it to make inroads into the high value polymer industries whilst continuing to act as feedstock material for the binder industries. Indeed the replacement of phenolics by lignin in resins systems is economically attractive with the phenolic resins market utilising approximately 2.52 M tonnes in 2001. Currently lignin, predominantly as lignosulphates, is used as a binding and dispersing agent in different industries with approximately 1 M tonnes (on a 100% solids basis) used annually, for example, in concrete admixtures. These and other applications will be discussed and expanded upon here with emphasis on both the economics of the markets and what is still required for lignin to mature as a valuable resource in its own right.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to analyse the characteristics of women entrepreneurs operating in the informal sector in Mauritius and to investigate the impact of women entrepreneurship on their own livelihoods and that of their families. Design/methodology/approach -Using survey data on 158 women entrepreneurs operating in the informal sector, the authors analyse whether there has been an improvement in the standard of living of women entrepreneurs as a result of their informal entrepreneurial activities.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is essentially a commercial software package that enables the integration of transaction -oriented data and business processes throughout an organization. In order to remain competitive in this global business scenario, the small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) are opting for ERP implementation. In Indian SME sector, the adoption of ERP is rapidly increasing. Literature shows many instances where organizations, even after implementing such novel information systems like ERP, are unable to derive the benefits of integration. It is, therefore, not surprising that implementation of enterprise information systems in general is quite difficult due to their size, scope and complexity. Therefore, there is a need to identify some issues that would lead to positive outcome for the implementation of ERP systems in the context of Indian SME sector. This paper thus attempts to identify and to prioritize the factors influencing proper implementation of ERP systems in a business organization particularly for Indian small and medium businesses (SMBs). The research presented here is specifically targeted the Indian SMEs, which have already completed the process of implementing ERP system.

The European Liaison Committee for Social Housing (CECODHAS) www.cecodhas.org CECODHAS, established in 1988, is the European network for the promotion of the right to decent housing for all. In its membership it has 46 regional and national federations which together represent over 39.000 public, voluntary and cooperative social housing enterprises in 19 countries. Together they provide over 21 million homes across the European Union. CECODHAS aims at reinforcing the European social model and promoting the values, successes and the vital future role of its members within that model; promoting integrated approaches to sustainable urban development, stressing that the work of social housing providers is the backbone of social cohesion in European cities; and protecting fundamental rights and fight for quality social services, accessible to all. It is funded by membership fees. CECODHAS European Social Housing Observatory www.cecodhas.org/observatory The Observatory is the research branch of CECODHAS. Its main aim is to identify and analyse key trends and research needs in the field of housing and social housing at European level. Its role is to support policy work for the delivery of social housing by providing strategic and evidence-based analysis in the field. AVS, Asociación Española de Promotores de Vivienda y Suelo www.a-v-s.org The Spanish Association of Public Housing and Land Promoters was set up in 1988 at the initiative of 28 companies or public bodies promoting housing and land. Today its membership stretches to almost all public companies in Spain, and it is established in all the country's Autonomous Communities. Amongst the aims of AVS are: implementing the constitutional mandate for public authorities to promote the necessary conditions and establish the relevant norms for making effective all Spanish citizens' rights to enjoy fit and appropriate housing; fostering sustainable building and development; encouraging, structuring and extending the public production sector of housing and land; representing members' general interests; encouraging cooperation and exchange between members and also at European level; and promoting and undertaking research and conferences for improving knowledge and solutions in the field. Building and Social Housing Foundation (BSHF) www.bshf.org The Building and Social Housing Foundation (BSHF) is an independent research organisation that promotes sustainable development and innovation in housing through collaborative research and knowledge transfer. Established in 1976, BSHF works both in the UK and internationally to identify innovative housing solutions and to foster the exchange of information and good practice. BSHF is committed to promoting housing policy and practice that is people-centred and environmentally responsible. ORGANISERS AND SPONSORS Building and S o cial H ousing F oundation 1/ Key workers are public sector or service employees (e.g. nurses, teachers, policemen, etc.). Housing policies for key workers aim at facilitating access to housing for these groups where they are unable to afford to buy or rent housing locally on the open market. E.g. nurses, teachers, policemen, etc. Source: X.Tafunell and own statistical processing. * Municipalities with more than 5,000 inhabitants. ** (Total increase in population size and housing stock in Spain)

A review of extant literature reveals that little attention has been given to research into the level of ICT infrastructure among SMEs, as well as examining the factors that limit the use of ICT in these organizations. Earlier studies have mainly focused on the services sector. Hence, there is a need to conduct further empirical research across area range of industry sectors to better understand the challenges confronting SMEs that hinder the adoption and use of ICT. The aim of this paper is to conduct an empirical investigation to identify the barriers that limit the adoption of Information and Communication technology (ICT) among (SMEs), in Malaysia This investigation is conducted using a sample of 100 Malaysian firms. Despite the current government effort in regard to ICT incentives and grants, results reveal that the major hindrance for using ICT among Malaysian SME businesses include finance, employee education including ICT skills, high cost of ICT infrastructure and shortage of skilled human capital. This paper suggests, based on the empirical results that more work needs to be undertaken by government and policy makers to encourage ICT adoption among SMEs as competition from other countries, especially China and India is rising and this could be seen as a threat to Malaysian SMEs.

The Voltage source inverters (VSI) give desirable inverter output voltages and control the drives in most medium and large power applications. The inverter outputs are influenced by Pulse width modulation (PWM) methods. The space vector-PWM (SVPWM) is one of the most effective switching control strategies used to control inverter outputs. In this article, an efficient SVPWM technique is modeled and used in two-level Three-Phase VSI. The SVPWM module mainly consists of an Angle generation unit (AGU) using Phase-locked Loop (PLL), Sector generation unit (SGU), time duration module (TDM), Switching time generation (STG) Module, and lastly, SVPWM gate pulse generation (GPG) module. The SVPWM techniques generate six gate pulses and are used in VSI. The Three-Phase VSI is modeled using SVPWM and generates the Line and phase voltage for the given Load. The simulation results of each SVPWM are analyzed, and VSI generates the line and phases voltage output waveforms. The THD of 29.63% is achieved at Modulation index 0.99 with a 425.5V peak output voltage.

Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Background of the study 1.2 Statement of the Problem 1.3 Research Question 1.4 Objectives of the Study 1.5 Relevance and Justification 1.6 Limitations of the Study 1.7 Organization of the paper Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Overview of FDI 2.2 Spillover and FDI: The Framework 2.2. Empirical Evidence on Spillovers Chapter 3: FDI in the Ethiopian Context 3.1. Overview of the Ethiopian Economy 3.3 Investment in Ethiopia 3.3.1 FDI in Ethiopia Chapter Four: Data and Methodology 4.1 Data and Methodology 4.1.1 The Data 4.1.2 Methodology Chapter Five: Exploratory Data Analysis 4.1 Nature and mono-variate distribution of indicators of productivity 4.2 Data cleaning challenges Chapter Six: Empirical Findings and Discussion 6.1 The spillover effect of foreign direct investment 6.1.1 Bi-variate analysis v 6.1.2 Multivariate Regression Analysis 6.1.

La finalidad del presente trabajo ha sido verificar empíricamente la influencia de aspectos relacionados con el ámbito interno (propiedad y tamaño de la empresa) y externo (sector de actividad) de la empresa en su cultura estratégica. Los resultados del análisis factorial revelaron el predominio de cuatro tipos de cultura en las empresas analizadas: adaptación, participación, compromiso y formación. El contraste estadístico de las hipótesis formuladas confirmó en la práctica la influencia de dichas cuestiones en las culturas identificadas, así como la existencia de relaciones no hipotetizadas previamente susceptibles de validación en futuras investigaciones.

Efficient distribution of human and goods transport has always been an important element in maintaining the economic systems cohesion. Together with the economic and technological development, the purposes to attain this goal have considerably evolved. .The integration of the Centre, Eastern and South-Eastern European countries’ infrastructure in the European transport networks has as a main goal the promotion of networks’

La question posée ici est donc de savoir si, dans une économie où les défaillances de marché sont multiples, le désengagement de l'État a conduit à une amélioration du bien-être des planteurs, plus particulièrement des pauvres, ou non. Nous montrons, dans un premier point, que la libéralisation a entraîné une rupture dans le mode de coordination des agents au sein de la filière, rupture dont les conséquences sur la pauvreté sont ensuite examinées. Quatre critères de pauvreté sont considérés [2]: le niveau de revenu, la vulnérabilité face au risque de revenu, l'accès aux biens et services publics et la participation des paysans aux décisions au sein de la filière. Summary: Given the importance of market failures in Côte d'Ivoire, the question arises to know whether the liberalisation process in the cocoa sector led to an increase in producers' welfare, and especially in the poorest. We show that a major consequence of the liberalisation was a sharp decline in forward transactions on the international market and at collect level. This phenomenon led to an increase in producers' vulnerability, as their exposure to income risk rose dramatically and the range of risk-coping instruments was narrowed. Because of their low capacity to save, the absence of any insurance mechanism and an underdeveloped credit market, households were not able to smooth their consumption and had to cut down some expenditure. Scholarship expenses, which occur before the beginning of the cocoa season, were especially affected. Besides, the liberalisation was followed by a significant decrease in the role played by the cooperatives .

Stock price prediction has always attracted interest because of the direct financial benefit and the associated complexity. From our literature review, we felt the need of a study having sector specific analysis with a broad range of stocks. In this paper, we have conducted a study on the effectiveness of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)model, on fifty six Indian stocks from different sectors. We have chosen ARIMA model, because of its simplicity and wide acceptability of the model. We also have studied the effect on prediction accuracy based on various possible previous period data taken. The comparison and parameterization of the ARIMA model have been done using Akaike information criterion (AIC). The contribution of the paper , are a) coverage of a good number of Indian stocks b) Analysis of the models based on sectors c) Analysis of prediction accuracy based on the varying span of previous period data.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which inertia is distinct from calculative commitment and to extend the knowledge on these constructs in the corporate financial services context in Australia. The study proposes and empirically analyses a research model that considers switching costs as an antecedent to inertia and calculative commitment. Design/methodology/approach – An

This paper evaluates the technical efficiency performance of Vietnamese manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) over the period 2002 to 2007. Using firm level data from three surveys in 2002, 2005 and 2007 with a total of 5,204 observations of domestic non-state manufacturing SMEs the paper assesses the technical efficiency level of SMEs for the aggregate manufacturing sector and separately for nine subsectors including: (i) Food and Beverages; (ii) Textiles, Garments and Footwear; (iii) Electrical and Electronic Equipment (iv) Wood and Furniture Products; (v) Chemical, Rubber and Plastic Products; (vi) Paper, Printing and Publishing; (vii) Metal Products; (viii) Non-metallic Products; and (ix) Machinery and Equipment. Results from the estimation of a stochastic frontier production function, an econometric approach to evaluate technical efficiency, reveal that Vietnamese non-state manufacturing SMEs in aggregate have relatively high average technical efficiency. Their technical efficiency reached an average level of 89.71 percent for the three surveys in

The relevance of the topic of financial convergence considered in the article is primarily dictated by the intensifying processes of globalization, which generate an increase in competition between participants in the financial market. An essential global trend in the development of the financial services industry has also become the process of increasing interpenetration by different participants of various sectors of the financial market into its other segments due to competition-financial convergence. The processes of financial convergence and the formation of new institutional forms of financial associations (financial conglomerates) in the world economy already have a significant impact on the real and financial sectors, public finance and other spheres of the economy. The article examines the prerequisites for the emergence and use of financial convergence by participants in the global financial services market to provide additional competitive advantages and stable development by modifying the established order in the sectors of the financial market. On the example of financial convergence between companies in the insurance and pension sectors, through the creation and participation in financial conglomerates, the main problems of the current state of the global financial market are considered. The article discusses practical ways to determine the presence of financial convergence, based on a modern approach using the methodology for calculating sigma convergence.

The implementation of regional autonomy requires local governments explore the economic potential existing in the region to be able to complete with other regions. One of the implications is of central government being reduced in managing development. Therefore, local revenues have to be found, so that development can be continously financed. One of the strategies that have to be done by the local government is to stimulate economic sectors, that are potential to develop and able to complete with other regions in Central Java, as source of local development funding. This research will analyze the economic potential of the region Boyolali, Karanganyar and Sragen with an analysis of internal and external potential. From the analysis of economic sectors that have the potential competitiveness comparative and competitive superior to the growth of economic activity total for the three areas is agriculture.

Africa has been slow to respond to biotechnology even as its pest management grows increasingly obsolete and insects remain a major adversary of its farming. The biotechnology debate is dominated by negativity: dogmatic fears over scientific boundaries and concerns over North-South domination. This paper reports on the positive aspects of biotechnology in Africa. Results from an economic model indicate the potential economic impacts to West African consumers and producers would be significant, provided that the cotton and maize sectors received greater institutional support. Under existing institutional frameworks technology fees render the costs of bioengineered crops prohibitively high.

This study investigates the influence of migrant remittances on two dimensions of the financial sector, namely, size and efficiency. Evidence suggests that migrant remittances contribute to increasing the size and efficiency of the financial sector. The study, in addition, examines the impact of remittances on financial sector size and efficiency through the government ownership of banks channel. While the results suggest that remittances lead to larger increases in financial sector size in countries in which the government ownership of banks is lower and increases in efficiency in countries in which the government ownership of banks is higher, the government is found to play an important role in promoting financial sector development. JEL Codes: F24, G21, O16, O57, R58

In this paper, we test whether January and turn-of-the-month (TOM) affect firm returns and firm return volatility differently depending on their sector and size. We use time series data for 560 firms listed on the NYSE and find evidence of both January and TOM affecting returns and return volatility of firms. The effects are, however, different for different firms and are dependent on the sectoral location of firms and on firm sizes. These findings imply that January and TOM have an heterogeneous effect on firm returns and firm return volatility.

Selling is paramount important in marketing and considered as a lifeblood in marketing. Customer oriented selling plays a vital role in this regards.On the other hand, managers need transformational leadership behavior to manage sales staff. This study aims to integrate the concept of customer orientation and transformational leadership of a manager by conceptualizing the concepts in Sri Lankan corporate banking sector. Responses were gathered via a questionnaire survey from a sample of 100 managers and 100 customer relationship officers(CRO). The results provide evidence for the significant relationship between transformational leadership of a manager and their customer orientation.

This study examines the impact of two dimensions of the government, namely, size and quality, on two dimensions of the financial sector, size and efficiency, in a cross section of 71 economies. The study finds that increased quality of the government as measured by governance and legal origin positively influences both financial sector size and efficiency. The size of the government proxied by government expenditure and the government ownership of banks has a negative effect on financial sector efficiency, and a positive impact on financial sector size, particularly in the low income economies. . I wish to thank an anonymous referee, the participants of the 22 nd Australasian Finance and Banking Conference, Sydney 2009 and Paul Wachtel for valuable comments. Abstract: This study examines the impact of two dimensions of the government, namely, size and quality, on two dimensions of the financial sector, size and efficiency, in a cross section of 71 economies. The study finds that increased quality of the government as measured by governance and legal origin positively influence both financial sector size and efficiency. The size of the government proxied by government expenditure and the government ownership of banks has a negative effect on financial sector efficiency, and a positive impact on financial sector size, particularly in the low income economies. JEL Codes: O11, O16, O43, O57

This study examines the impact of two dimensions of the government, namely, size and quality, on two dimensions of the financial sector, size and efficiency, in a cross section of 71 economies. The study finds that while increased quality of the government as measured by governance and legal origin positively influence both financial sector size and efficiency, that the size of the government proxied by government expenditure and government ownership of banks, has a negative effect on financial sector efficiency, however, a positive impact on financial sector size, particularly in the low income economies.

This paper presents an endogenous growth model driven by human capital, where human capital can be allocated across three sectors: the production of the final consumption good, the educational sector and the production of technological capital (in the form of knowledge or ideas). In our model, which also includes public expenditure and population growth, labor augmenting technical progress is endogenous and this enriches the transitional dynamics of the economy. With respect to ideas-based growth models, we assume knowledge is produced according to a neoclassical technology, combining ideas and human capital. Such an assumption is motivated by empirical works showing the existence of significant decreasing returns in the creation of ideas at the aggregate level (as and of weak relationship between some inputs of the knowledge production process (as the number of researchers) and the total factor productivity growth rate (as Jones, 2002). Under some general conditions, this economy exhibits the existence of a steady state equilibrium and an unstable multidimensional manifold. Numerical examples are provided to show the existence of stable arms. We are grateful to the anonymous referees for useful comments. This paper has benefitted from conversation on this subject with several colleagues. In particular, we thank Prof. H.Kunze for useful comments and suggestions.

The 4 September 2010 Mw 7.1 Darfield earthquake had major physical, economic and social effects on organisations in Canterbury, New Zealand. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted between November 2010 and February 2011 of organisations based in the Canterbury region. Sampled organisations include those belonging to six industry sectors: fastmoving consumer goods (FMCG), trucking, information and communication technology (ICT), hospitality, building suppliers and critical infrastructure. Also included are organisations from the Christchurch and Kaiapoi central business districts (CBDs) as well as rural organisations proximal to the fault trace. Organisational recovery after the earthquake will be a major undertaking and the challenges vary for different organisations and industry sectors. This paper analyses the initial effects of the 4 September event across industry sectors and geographic areas. It also highlights possible interdependencies and system characteristics that affect recovery for these organisations and industry sectors. Other factors considered include the specific challenges organisations faced after this major hazard event.

In 1995 the OECD (Organisations for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries had a symposium in Paris on 6-7 June 1995 and came up with the 5 types of PA (Performance Audit) practiced by OECD countries. These 5 types of PA has different unit of analysis, different mode of review, different scope of evaluation, and different focus of effort. Indonesia as one of country of emerging market is starting to move to new public management and progress the performance audit in public sector through its government regulation number 60, in 2008. The government unit that is assigned to coach the implementation of performance audit in government sector in Indonesia is the Finance and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP). The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the performance audit (PA) is implemented in the government sector in Indonesia. The paper uses a case study of how the Finance and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) by analysing the Performance Audit Handbook used by the government auditor at the Finance and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) and compare it to the elements of PA practiced by OECD countries. The study finds that there are some components of performance audit practiced in OECD countries were used by the Finance and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) in Indonesia, while the financial aspect is still used but limited to measure the economy and efficiencies. With a limitation to a single case of the BPKP in Indonesia, this study has its originality contribution to the literature by examining a unique case of a government sector, and describes how the performance audit was used to enhance the accountability of public sector in a country of emerging market.

The plane stress sectorial domain is analysed according to a state-space formulation of the linear theory of elasticity. When loading is applied to the straight radial edges (flanks), with the circular arcs free of traction, one has the curved beam; when loading is applied to the circular arcs, with the flanks free of traction, one has the elastic wedge. A complete treatment of just one problem (the elastic wedge, say) requires two state-space formulations; the first describes radial evolution for the transmission of the stress resultants (force and moment), while the second describes circumferential evolution for determination of the rates of decay of self-equilibrated loading on the circular arcs, as anticipated by Saint-Venant's principle. These two formulations can be employed subsequently for the curved beam, where now radial evolution is employed for the Saint-Venant decay problem, and circumferential evolution for the transmission modes. Power-law radial dependence is employed for the wedge, and is quite adequate except for treatment of the so-called wedge paradox; for this, and the curved beam, the formulations are modified so that ln r takes the place of the radial coordinate r. The analysis is characterised by a preponderance of repeating eigenvalues for the transmission modes, and the state-space formulation allows a systematic approach for determination of the eigen-and principal vectors. The so-called wedge paradox is related to accidental eigenvalue degeneracy for a particular angle, and its resolution involves a principal vector describing the bending moment coupled to a decay eigenvector. Restrictions on repeating eigenvalues and possible Jordan canonical forms are developed. Finally, symplectic orthogonality relationships are derived from the reciprocal theorem.

The Mankiw- augmented Solow-Swan (Solow 1956; model is extended to incorporate the financial sector in this study. Distinguishing between financial capital, physical capital and human capital, the research attempts to identify, in particular, the effects of financial capital on economic growth. The effects of financial sector efficiency on economic growth are also examined. The financial sector augmented model is tested on a cross-section of 35 economies. Strong support is found for the model.

International evidence shows that research is increasingly being carried out in organisational forms built around cross-sectoral (government, academic and business) and transdisciplinary teams with well-defined national social, economic or environmental objectives in view. As a result, new and unfamiliar forms of organisational arrangements for research are emerging within universities and elsewhere. These collaborative research centres have been variously termed ‘hybrid’ or ‘parasitic’. This paper draws upon around 30 in-depth interviews with participants from selected Australian Cooperative Research Centres (CRC). It examines how researchers reconcile the many demands of their dual role, first, as a government researcher or academic, and second as a committed participant in an industry-collaborative research centre. These collaborations go beyond ‘applied research’ to span fundamental research and immediately useful knowledge. But reward systems and performance measures for academic researchers are still founded largely on ‘discovery’, while those for government researchers are based upon ‘application’. The risk is that researchers will be deflected by the collaboration in ways that conflict with their institutional responsibilities. The paper reports work analysing the management strategies used by the CRCs and their public sector partners to ensure that their common goals are achieved while preserving their institutional interests and the expectations of their research staff. The aim is to identify effective ways of managing the various ‘risks’ of cross-sector collaborative research and development (R&D) in Australia and more widely.

The 4 September 2010 Mw 7.1 Darfield earthquake had major physical, economic and social effects on organisations in Canterbury, New Zealand. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted between November 2010 and February 2011 of organisations based in the Canterbury region. Sampled organisations include those belonging to six industry sectors: fastmoving consumer goods (FMCG), trucking, information and communication technology (ICT), hospitality, building suppliers and critical infrastructure. Also included are organisations from the Christchurch and Kaiapoi central business districts (CBDs) as well as rural organisations proximal to the fault trace. Organisational recovery after the earthquake will be a major undertaking and the challenges vary for different organisations and industry sectors. This paper analyses the initial effects of the 4 September event across industry sectors and geographic areas. It also highlights possible interdependencies and system characteristics that affect recovery for these organisations and industry sectors. Other factors considered include the specific challenges organisations faced after this major hazard event.