Drones

Until recently most militaries tended to see moral issues through the lens of rules and regulations. Today, however, many armed forces consider teaching virtues to be an important complement to imposing rules and codes from above. A closer look reveals that it is mainly established military virtues such as honour, courage and loyalty that dominate both the lists of virtues and values of most militaries and the growing body of literature on military virtues. Although there is evidently still a role for these traditional martial virtues, it is equally evident that they are not particularly relevant to, for instance, military personnel operating drones. This chapter looks into the ethics of unmanned warfare from the perspective of military virtues and military ethics education, and addresses the question of what we need to solve that just-mentioned misalignment: 1) a new set of virtues; 2) a different interpretation of the existing virtues; or 3) a different approach altogether, that is, an alternative to teaching virtues? That we have to think about such questions is at least partly because unmanned systems bring risk asymmetry in war to a new level, making warlike virtues such as physical courage by and large obsolete. The last section of this chapter therefore addresses the question: to what extent does the possibility of riskless warfare makes drone use ‘virtue-less’?

21. yüzyılın ilk yarısındaki belirsizlik ve bilinmeyen odaklı güvenlik ortamında küresel iklim değişikliği, doğal ve insan kaynaklı afetler, su sorunu, enerji sorunu, gıda sorunu, nüfus artışı, göç ve gelir dağılımı dengesizliği gibi hususların potansiyel risk sahaları olması beklenmektedir. Muhtemel tehlikelere yönelik risklerin kontrol edilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilecek uygulamalar kapsamında, dünya genelinde her yıl daha fazla kullanım örnekleri görülmekte olan İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) sistemleri, uygun çözümler sunabilme imkânına sahiptir.
İHA sistemleri 2000'li yılların başından itibaren hızla yayılmış, sistemlerin sayısı ve çeşitleri artarken paralel olarak kabiliyetleri de oldukça gelişmiş ve askerî güvenlik ortamına yeni bir anlayış getirmiştir. Uluslararası Sivil Havacılık Organizasyonu (ICAO), ABD ve Avrupa Birliği liderliğinde yürütülen çalışmalar sonucunda, hâlihazırda her geçen gün daha fazla sayıda görülmekte olan sivil ve ticari İHA uygulamalarının 2020'li yıllarda oldukça yaygınlaşacağı öngörülmektedir.

The present paper shows that is possible to record archaeological sites using 4k videos from UAVs. The here described methodology starts with the decomposition of the videos in the original frames. Considering that the recording of videos is taken at a regular pace the extracted frames can be selected in different patterns to assure a proper photogrammetric restitution. In this paper, we have tested different configurations (overlapping of frames and the number of ground control points) to design an efficient protocol. The results show that the method is suitable for surveying large sites and that 4k videos can be a reliable source for producing accurate cartographic products (digital terrain models and ortho-images).

Since the flight of a kite by some Chinese, thousands of years ago, the UAVs have developed to the level of unleashing immeasurable destruction even without endangering the life of the " man in the loop ". This paper traces the history of the drones in the modern times while focussing on the American utilisation of the UAVs in the wars of the twenty-first century. Drones basically address the " friction " element of the war. While analysing the technical aspects of the UAVs, the article assesses the revolution these have brought in the conduct of the warfare. There are issues of collateral damage being labelled against the use of UAVs, but there is no denying the fact that these are the best weapons available in the arsenal to minimise the number of civilian casualties – as compared with the manned aircrafts and the casualties caused by the missiles fired from the aircraft carriers at times stationed hundreds of miles away. Pilotless target aircraft (PTA), Reconnaissance UAVs, and Strike UAVs or UCAVs are the three main types of Drones according to their function. The advantages of the UAVs over the manned aircrafts are the performance of dull, dirty, and dangerous work, their development and use being economical, their tactical advantage of not endangering the life of the controller, and most recently their use in the civilian arena like the flood relief activities, monitoring of the borders, reconnaissance of the areas after accidents or natural disasters, etc. Biggest challenges in the development of the drones are enhancing the endurance and autonomy of the UAVs, in-flight refuelling, increasing the payload capacity, having less numbers of satellites, and most importantly the issues related with the international law and the attached ethical issues. With the successful tests of Burraq, Pakistan has also joined the club of the states developing the UAVs and the race is still " on " .

The 21st century has witnessed precipitous changes spanning from the way of life to the technologies that emerged. We have entered anascent paradigmshift(industry 4.0) where sciencefictions have becomescience facts, and technologyfusion is the main driver.us, ensuring that any advancement intechnologyreach andbenefitall istheideal opportunity foreveryone.In thisstudy, disruptive technologies of industry 4.0 were explored and quantified in terms of the number of their appearances in published literature.e study aimed at identifying industry 4.0 key technologies which have been ill-defined by previous researchers and to enumerate the required skills of industry 4.0. Comprehensive literature survey covering the field of engineering, production, and management was done in multidisciplinary databases: Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Sage, Taylor & Francis, and Emerald Insight. From the electronic survey, 35 disruptive technologies were quantified and 13 key technologies: Internet ofings, Big Data, 3D printing, Cloud computing, Autonomous robots, Virtual and Augmented reality, Cyber-physical system, Artificial intelligence, Smart sensors, Simulation, Nanotechnology, Drones, and Biotechnology were identified. Both technical and personal skills to be imparted into the human workforce for industry 4.0 were reported. e review identified the need to investigate the capability and the readiness of developing countries in adapting industry 4.0 in terms of the changes in the education systems and industrial manufacturing settings. is study proposes the need to address the integration of industry 4.0 concepts into the current education system.

O  presente  artigo  analisa  os impactos  das  relacoes  Brasil-Israel  no processo de aquisicao de capacidades  para a  producao  nacional  de  Aeronaves Remotamente Tripuladas (ARPs)  no contexto da Base Industrial de Defesa (BID) brasileira. Desde o lancamento da Estrategia Nacional de Defesa em 2008 a BID se encontra em um processo de  revitalizacao  orientado para o acesso e  desenvolvimento  de  tecnologias  de  ponta.  A cooperacao internacional se torna um instrumento necessario para o conhecimento e compreensao  da  tecnologia  (know why)  e  de  como  desenvolve-la  e  adapta-la  para  suas  especificidades  e necessidades  locais  (know-how) das  Forcas Armadas  brasileiras. Neste sentido, o artigo indaga como a cooperacao Brasil-Israel no setor de ARPs insere a BID noutro patamar da escala de producao militar.  A estrategia de investigacao adotada no artigo foca nas relacoes no  âmbito  de  cooperacao  interempresarial, como a criacao de joint-ventures e o seus spillove...

Multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles
are a popular up and coming platform for
autonomous robotics research. This report outlines
the design and implementation of a multithreaded
software system and quad copter with a 3DOF
robotic arm carrying payload or weapons
controlled by a DJI NAZA .
An array of sensors including a GPS, an IMU, a
laser and a camera are used on the quad copter,
and the software system is responsible for
collecting data from and monitoring these sensors
through their lower level libraries. A modular
approach is taken to design a foldable quad copter
for military so that the system can be used in a
variety of applications.
The applications tested in this project were: GPS
waypoint navigation and single coloured object
tracking. GPS navigation was achieved with a
maximum path deviation of 5.66m. A discussion on
improvements to the navigation algorithm and the
incorporation of course correction methods is
provided. Object tracking algorithms were
implemented using center of mass and camshift
techniques. Now days the multirotor are used in
variety of areas so we are making flexible for
military purpose.

Streszczenie: Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości zastosowania bezzałogo-wych statków powietrznych w łańcuchach dostaw, aby zwiększyć elastyczność ich funk-cjonowania, tak by osiągnęły one pożądany poziom zwinności. W artykule nakreślono bariery funkcjonowania łańcuchów dostaw w obszarach zurbanizowanych, wskazano czynniki ograniczające elastyczność łańcuchów dostaw w obszarze realizacji dostaw do klienta. Zwrócono także uwagę na wprowadzane w miastach strefy niskiej emisji, co jest szczególnie istotnym ograniczeniem z perspektywy europejskiej. Przedstawiono kon-cepcję drona i w skrócie nakreślono rozwój bezzałogowych statków powietrznych w cią-gu lat. Scharakteryzowano możliwe pola eksploatacji dronów, ukazując wszechstronność tej technologii. Wymienione zadania można traktować w kontekście celów szczegóło-wych artykułu. Ze względu na wagę problemu, uwzględniono ograniczoną podaż ropy naftowej jako czynnik, który wpływa istotnie na funkcjonowanie łańcuchów dostaw nie tylko na obszarach zurbanizowanych i który długookresowo będzie zwiększał swoją siłę oddziaływania. W tym układzie przedstawienie kwestii prawnych dotyczących korzy-stania z dronów oraz obaw wynikających z ich popularyzacji – mimo że rozwinięte do znaczącej części artykułu – należy traktować jako tło rozważań. Słowa kluczowe: zwinne łańcuchy dostaw, transport powietrzny, bezzałogowe statki po-wietrzne, drony. Abstract: This paper presents the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles in the supply chain to increase operation flexibility and to gain the desired level of agility. The

While the growing prevalence of the Predator and other remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) marks an important stage in the evolution of airpower, technological advancement has outpaced strategic conceptualization. Owing to a long history of partnership with the United States Intelligence Community (IC) and a prior inability to match capabilities with requirements, the Air Force has yet to break the mold of employing RPAs as reconnaissance and surveillance platforms. Despite being a low-intensity conflict, operational strategy in Afghanistan—when viewed through the lens of strategic bombing doctrine—suggests essential lessons for reshaping modern strategic bombing to include remotely piloted aircraft.

This poster shows a new alternative propeller structure that can generate automatic kinetic energy for any large ship, airplane, and electric generators. The performance and efficiency are directly connected to the position of 28 propellers onto the large and single propeller respectively.

As coronavirus lockdowns left the world’s cities deserted, drone footage of empty towns made its appearance on video-sharing platforms. Across the globe, observers insisted on the melancholic feelings that such “post-apocalyptic” images aroused. This essay proposes to read these images against the background of our current ecological crisis, highlighting their connections to drone footage of recent anti-racist protests and as footage of wild animals taking over lockdown cities around the world. Attention will be drawn to their problematic aestheticization of politics, in particular when it comes to ecological thinking.

Drohnen können in Kombination mit diversen Nutzlasten, etwa Digitalkameras, wertvolle Beiträge zur Dokumentation archäologischer Grabungen und zur Erkundung von Terrain für die archäologische Forschung leisten. Aufgrund der Effizienz und Geschwindigkeit ihrer Datengewinnung, der Möglichkeit schwierige Gelände zu erschließen und ihrer kostengünstigen Anschaffung haben Drohnen das Potenzial, die Archäologie in Richtung eines minimalinvasiven Top-Down-Ansatzes disruptiv zu verändern. Gleichzeitig besteht neben verschiedenen unklaren Rahmenfaktoren das Risiko, dass Drohnen zu einer Bedrohung für das archäologische Kulturerbe werden können.

OMSCHRIJVING Introductie Een expert in drones worden? Jouw competenties vergroten? Als drone technicus of drone monteur bestaan jouw werkzaamheden uit het bouwen, onderhouden en repareren van drones. Je kan bijvoorbeeld een eigen zaak starten, jouw diensten als handelaar in drones uitbreiden of werken bij een zaak die drones verkoopt en of verhuurt. Uiteraard zal je als drone technicus ook (test)vliegen en soms zelf optreden als dronepiloot. Neem met deze opleiding een vliegende start of wending in jouw carrière en onderscheidt jezelf met vakkennis in dronetechniek. Voor wie is deze opleiding bestemd? Voel je jou geroepen om in de toekomst drones (RPAS) te onderhouden of zelf op maat van een klant te bouwen? Dan is deze opleiding jou op het lijf geschreven. De opleiding richt zich naar modelbouwers, dronepiloten, designers, onderhoudstechnici en personen met een sterke interesse in deze materie. Voorkennis Voor deelname aan de opleiding is geen voorkennis vereist. Methodologie Klassikale opleiding Werkplekleren Ondernemersvorming en advies Beurzen en evenementen Wat kent u na het volgen van deze opleiding? Als drone onderhouds-en bouwtechnicus kan je een RPAS volgens stappenplan onderhouden, controleren op gebreken en desnoods 'out-ofservice' componenten vervangen. Tevens kan je een RPAS bouwen op maat en vraag van de klant. Je kan een technische manual opstellen met het oog op homologatie voor België. Je kan de drone afstellen zodat deze gebruiksklaar is voor de klant. Dit kan gaan voor klanten in diverse sectoren zoals: scanning van pijpleidingen, scanning van ziekten in de fruitteeltsector, controle van complexe industriële gebouwen, spectaculaire videografie en fotografie in de toeristische sector, beschermd erfgoed, enz. PROGRAMMA MODULE 1 : Drone-onderhoud (7 lessen)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an increasingly important role in various areas of life, including in terms of protection and security. As a result of fires, volcanic eruptions, or other emergencies, huge amounts of toxic gases, dust, and other substances are emitted into the environment, which, together with high temperature, often leads to serious environmental contamination. Based on the available literature and patent databases, an analysis of the available UAVs models was carried out in terms of their applicability in air contaminated conditions in industrial areas, in the event of emergencies, such as fire, chemical contamination. The possibilities of using the devices were analyzed in terms of weather conditions, construction, and used materials in CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) threat situations. It was found that, thanks to the use of appropriate sensors, cameras, and software of UAVs integrated with a given system, it is possible to obtain informat...

Este trabalho apresenta propostas para lidar com limitações comuns em amostragens de águas superficiais. Foram desenvolvidos dois protótipos que, além de terem em comum o uso de drones multirrotores de pequeno porte, também foram idealizados com a premissa de serem simples de se construir, operar e manter. De maneira geral, os resultados dos testes realizados foram satisfatórios e mostraram que especialmente o protótipo 2 (solução baseada no uso de bailers e na transmissão de imagens em tempo real) tem potencial para melhorar de forma significativa os procedimentos de amostragem de água em campo. De fato, além da simplicidade operacional / manutenção, o protótipo 2 foi capaz de coletar 150 mL de água-suficiente para até 15 análises de turbidez-com o drone a uma distância vertical de 5 m do espelho d'água.

A urbanização é um dos fenômenos com maior capacidade de alteração do espaço e a forma como ela aconteceu na Cidade de São Paulo favoreceu para que a população de baixa renda buscasse por loteamentos mais acessíveis e ocupassem as periferias com loteamentos irregulares instalados em encostas e margem de córregos, criando uma vulnerabilidade aos processos de deslizamento. Uma das maneiras de atuar nessas situações é a partir do monitoramento periódico e é possível fazê-lo por intermédio das fotografias aéreas inclinadas.
Analisando a realidade da Prefeitura de São Paulo, realizou-se uma comparação da eficiência da obtenção dessas fotografias a partir de sobrevoo com helicóptero e de VANT, comparando-as por meio dos critérios de: custo para aquisição das fotografias; velocidade de descolamento; capacidade de obtenção de fotografias por tempo de voo; repetição das fotografias; tomada de decisão em tempo real; qualidade das fotografias e, informações e produtos possíveis de serem
gerados.

El desarrollo del tema trata de explicar y analizar los diversos usos y aplicaciones actuales y posibles futuras de los drones o RPAS en la edificacion. El documento tambien habla de las ventajas y las desventajas con las que cuentan, los diferentes tipos de drones que existen, sus capacidades maximas y tomando en cuenta las limitaciones que pueden llegar a tener estos en la edificacion. Se explicara la situacion actual que tiene un dron en la edificacion, estudiando las aplicaciones ya existentes y se intentara encontrar posibles futuras aplicaciones funcionales de los drones en el ambito arquitectonico.

The scope of this work is to compare Sentinel-2 and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) imagery from northern Greece for use in precision agriculture by implementing statistical analysis and 2D visualization. Surveys took place on five dates with a difference between the sensing dates for the two techniques ranging from 1 to 4 days. Using the acquired images, we initially computed the maps of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), then the values of this index for fifteen points and four polygons (areas). The UAV images were not resampled, aiming to compare both techniques based on their initial standards, as they are used by the farmers. Similarities between the two techniques are depicted on the trend of the NDVI means for both satellite and UAV techniques, considering the points and the polygons. The differences are in the a) mean NDVI values of the points and b) range of the NDVI values of the polygons probably because of the difference in the spatial resolution of the tw...

Internet of Things (IoT) envisages a world of connected devices paired with automation systems that aid everyone in their daily activities and communities at large. One of the most prominent use cases of IoT is emergency services. Based on the lessons learned from the tragic Grenfell Tower incident in the UK, we designed an IoT framework that aims at supporting rescue services to quickly locate and identify victims in an event of emergency by using a range of heterogeneous smart systems. Based on the framework design, a prototype is developed using a RFID access control and a drone system. We also incorporate design specifications that minimise the risk of data and privacy breaches.

Virtual tours using drones enhance the experience the users perceive from a place with cultural interest. Drones equipped with 360o cameras perform real-time video streaming of the cultural sites. The user preferences about each monument type should be considered in order to decide the appropriate flying route for the drone. This article describes a scheme for supporting personalized real-time virtual tours at sites with cultural interest using drones. The user preferences are modeled using the MPEG-21 and the MPEG-7 standards, while Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontologies are used for metadata structure and semantics. The Metadata-Aware Analytic Network Process (MANP) algorithm is proposed in order to weigh the user preferences for each monument type. Subsequently, the Trapezoidal Fuzzy Topsis for Heritage Route Selection (TFT-HRS) algorithm ranks the candidate heritage routes. Finally, after each virtual tour, the user preferences metadata are updated in order in order the scheme to continuously learn about the user preferences.

Salah satu masalah dalam proses produksi jagung ialah serangan hama dan penyakit. Monitoring kondisi tanaman merupakan cara yang efektif untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung. Informasi berupa data tabular maupun spasial merupakan salah satu elemen penting untuk pemantauan kondisi tanaman. Teknologi sistem informasi geografis (SIG) dan penginderaan jauh (inderaja) dapat digunakan untuk mendapatkan data spasial secara cepat dan akurat. Penggunaan drone dengan sensor kamera RGB yang dilengkapi dengan sensor NIR dapat memudahkan dalam analisis indeks vegetasi menggunakan algoritma NDVI. Sebagai alternatif algoritma NDVI yang mengharuskan adanya sensor NIR, terdapat satu indeks yang dapat bekerja dengan sensor RGB yaitu algoritma VARI untuk mendeteksi area tanaman yang tidak sehat atau stres. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan image sensor RGB drone dalam mengidentifikasi tingkat stres tanaman jagung dengan algoritma VARI. Tahapan penelitian meliputi (1) pemotretan foto udara lahan jagung menggunakan drone, (2) mosaik citra foto udara hasil perekaman, dan (3) pengolahan data mosaik citra foto udara dengan algoritma VARI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan algoritma VARI efektif untuk memperoleh data kondisi stres pertanaman jagung secara luas dan cepat jika hanya memiliki drone dengan kamera sensor RGB. Dari 0,94 ha lahan yang dianalisis, 38,3% termasuk dalam kategori fine dan 61,7% dalam kategori stress. Hasil ini menunjukkan kondisi pertanaman jagung di lokasi penelitian didominasi area stres karena masih banyak area kosong tanpa tanaman di samping tanaman yang ada atau faktor pembatas lainnya.

В литературата съществуват много дефиниции на думата „риск“. Една от най-лесните и разбираеми е: „комбинацията от честотата (вероятността) за събитие и неговата степен на сериозност“. Последствието от всяко събитие ще е уязвимост от някакъв вид. Много различни категории уязвимост възникват от всяко събитие. Различни автори са събрали тези категории уязвимости и съществува много литература по въпроса. Категориите уязвимост са с потенциал за:
- Фатални наранявания на трети страни на земята,
- Фатални наранявания на трети страни във въздуха – Катастрофални сблъсъци във въздуха с пилотен апарат, тази метрика може да се промени от катастрофални сблъсъци във въздуха за полетен час към просто сблъсъци във въздуха за полетен час,
- Уязвимости по критична инфраструктура.

Texto publicado na revista eletrônica Conjur (http://www.conjur.com.br/2015-mai-29/silvanoflumignan-legislacao-insuficiente-quanto-drones em 29/05/2015 -ISSN 1809-2829) com o título: "Drones geram debates jurídicos ainda não enfrentados pela lei brasileira" Citação: FLUMIGNAN, Silvano José Gomes. Drones geram debates jurídicos ainda não enfrentados pela lei brasileira. In: http://www.conjur.com.br/2015-mai-29/silvano-flumignanlegislacao-insuficiente-quanto-drones (acesso em 29/05/2015) A imagem de um drone com um "fantasma da série B" circulando pelo estádio La Bombonera pareceu uma grande "brincadeira" entre torcedores. E, convenhamos, teve lá a sua graça. Agora circula na Internet um vídeo de um suposto aparelho nas imediações da Arena Corinthians. Os drones são dispositivos impressionantes. Eles podem pairar no ar, girar, fazer manobras ousadas; podem se movimentar com suavidade e precisão; podem voar por pequenos espaços; transportar os mais diversos objetos, desde câmeras a uma infinidade de outras tecnologias 2 .

Research on explanation is currently of intense interest as documented in the DARPA 2021 investments reported by the USA Department of Defense. An emerging theme for explanation techniques research is their application to the improvement of human-system interfaces for autonomous anti-drone or C-UAV defense systems. In the present paper a novel proposal based on natural language processing technology concerning explanatory discourse using relations is briefly described. The proposal is based on the use of relations pertaining to the possible malicious actions of an intruding alien drone swarm and the defense decisions proposed by an autonomous anti-drone system. The aim of such an interface is to facilitate the supervision that a user must exercise on an autonomous defense system in order to minimize the risk of wrong mitigation actions and unnecessary spending of ammunition.

Coverage path planning consists of finding the route which covers every point of a certain area of interest. In recent times, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been employed in several application domains involving terrain coverage, such as surveillance, smart farming, photogrammetry, disaster management, civil security, and wildfire tracking, among others. This paper aims to explore and analyze the existing studies in the literature related to the different approaches employed in coverage path planning problems, especially those using UAVs. We address simple geometric flight patterns and more complex grid-based solutions considering full and partial information about the area of interest. The surveyed coverage approaches are classified according to a classical taxonomy, such as no decomposition, exact cellular decomposition, and approximate cellular decomposition. This review also contemplates different shapes of the area of interest, such as rectangular, concave and convex poly...

A radiometric thermal camera measures the temperature of a surface by interpreting the intensity of an infrared signal reaching the camera. This non-contact and non-destructive technique (NDT) gives users enormous advantages for many of their surface temperature measurement applications because it can be integrated onto unmanned aerial systems (UAS). A UAS allows an operator to move and position the thermal camera to quickly make temperature measurements over large areas and in difficult or dangerous environments. For example, a UAS can measure the surface temperature of a heat exchanger on a roof, a faulty connection on a high voltage transmission line, solar cells in a solar panel, and over large agricultural fields.

We would like to invite you to join this exciting new project as a chapter contributor. Since this is a textbook, a great deal of this chapter entails a survey on the topic under the paradigm of cyber-physical systems, what can be done onboard and remotely, the distributed nature of the system and some exercises on futurology (anticipating trends can shed some light on upcoming designs). IET will bring great visibility to your work. You are welcome to suggest another topic/chapter title if you feel it would be more suitable. Each chapter should be around 20-25 pages each and can be submitted as a Word or Latex File. The IET will send you additional information (formatting, permission form, etc.) with the contributor's agreement once you have agreed to contribute to the book. Visit http:// www.theiet.org/resources/author-hub/books/index.cfm to get all information you need as a contributor to an IET research-level book. Each book is expected to have a total number of 500 printed pages (based on approximately 550 words per page with a 20% allowance for figures and tables). We have included a tentative schedule and list of topics below. If this is something you would consider, please send me the title of your chapter, a short description/abstract of the chapter content, and your full contact details. We will expect original content and new results for this book. You can, of course, reuse published material but the percentage of material reuse for the chapter should be less than 40%. The IET will run a piracy software on the full manuscript to control that you are including original material and will reject chapters who contain a large amount of already-published material so please do take this into consideration.

Currently the international military situation on the whole tend to ease, but the world is not peaceful, 21th century, international relations are complicated, various forces continue to divide the world in combination. Exchanges and cooperation, struggle and competition are intertwined, will be the basic form of the 21st century, the international security environment and military situation. With the extensive application of high technology in the military field, modern warfare has entered a high‐tech stage, due to extensive use of war weapons and senior technical leader role in the new doctrine, causing major changes in the form of war. Resulting in a change in the scale of war, styles and processes. War has been a simple contest of wisdom into a physical confrontation military geology research and explain, I published a number of one‐sided view, mainly from remote sensing technology, according to Dr. Zhang Qingxiang. Remote sensing technology is the sensor mounted on the platform, as an electromagnetic wave information media, objects in the earth's surface and a certain perception of spatial extent from distant places, the whole process ground to identify the object, he is airborne remote sensing, in the 20th century 60 years developed a new type of comprehensive immigration interdisciplinary, since the 1970s, with the launch of new aerospace remote sensing platforms, research, space remote sensing technology to develop new sensors. Applications developed from military applications to a global environment and resources for monitoring and research objectives of cutting‐edge technology.

Literature on armed drones has spread almost as fast as the drones themselves. They seem to embody an irresistible combination of violence and progress, promising war both total and limited, and precisely administered. Dumbfounded by the bluntness of the recent political transition, we don't have a full picture of how the new US administration will use this weapon of choice. We may wonder if drones will persist as the central 'new paradigm'. One of the arguments advanced in Scahill's book is that drone policy ensured some continuity between the Bush and Obama administrations, despite protestations to the contrary. As Glenn Greenwald puts it in the book's afterword, the policy of assassination by drone represents "a continuation, and in many cases an aggressive expansion, of the core principles of the Bush-Cheney mentality that Obama repeatedly vowed to overturn." (p. 182) Indeed, that's how drones should be seen: as ensuring continuity; as accentuating a particular moment in the 20 th century ambition of air power to kill from afar and ensure asymmetry and invulnerability.

Resumo
A reconfiguração do campo jornalístico exige novas incursões de pesquisas. Neste contexto, temos o "jornalismo drone", que se caracteriza pelo uso de veículo aéreo não-tripulado móvel para fins de coberturas jornalísticas aéreas. O artigo faz um estudo de caso da Folha de São Paulo, The New York Times e mapeamento de outros episódios empíricos no jornalismo. Espera-se apontar desdobramentos dos usos no jornalismo e caracterização das implicações éticas e de mobilidade.

Abstract
The reconfiguration of the journalistic field requires new incursions of research. In this context, we have "drone journalism," which is characterized by the use of mobile Unmanned Air Vehicle for purposes of news coverage. The article makes a case study of the Folha de São Paulo, The New York Times and mapping other empirical episodes in journalism. Expected developments point uses in journalism and characterization of the ethical implications and mobility.

Marine litter (ML) accumulation in the coastal zone has been recognized as a major problem in our time, as it can dramatically affect the environment, marine ecosystems, and coastal communities. Existing monitoring methods fail to respond to the spatiotemporal changes and dynamics of ML concentrations. Recent works showed that unmanned aerial systems (UAS), along with computer vision methods, provide a feasible alternative for ML monitoring. In this context, we proposed a citizen science UAS data acquisition and annotation protocol combined with deep learning techniques for the automatic detection and mapping of ML concentrations in the coastal zone. Five convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were trained to classify UAS image tiles into two classes: (a) litter and (b) no litter. Testing the CCNs’ generalization ability to an unseen dataset, we found that the VVG19 CNN returned an overall accuracy of 77.6% and an f-score of 77.42%. ML density maps were created using the automated cla...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) are synonymous with drones and are used interchangeably; its many avatars having the same meaning. This paper covers how advancement in technology has enhanced the features of the drone in scope and scale to specific functions demanded across a spectrum of industries. By presenting a review of the application of drones as a cost-effective option, a variety of purposes in various industries is served as well. By using a host of sensors, vision system, and micro-controllers onboard coupled with IoT, the effectiveness of drones in collecting, analyzing, and providing data has increased multifold, upgrading existing usage and throwing open new avenues of applications. To alleviate the possibilities of the transport-related congestion and its consequences, developments in the Internet of Drones (IoD) architecture and system are studied for seamless operations, to manage the heavy traffic of drones envisaged in their airw...

Drones are permitted in Bangladesh, but you have to obtain permission from the air traffic control authority before your maneuvers. Authorizations have to be submitted 45 days in advance to the Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB).

Written as the keynote for the Graduate student conference “Flanking Maneuvers: Lateral Thinking” at Cornell University in April 2018, the manuscript puts Edward de Bono’s concept of Lateral Thinking (1970) in conversation with the German word Nebenschauplatz, understood as a way of seeing that is off-center, marginal, and askew. It develops the latter from an etymology of the word itself and in conjunction with passages in Siegfried Kracauer’s novel Ginster (1928) that emphasize unaccented words and cast-aside details to unearth a different kind of meaning. Taken together, the three concepts suggest a lateral methodology to be used as a way of reading and seeing.

In the lecture, this lateral methodology is put forward vis-à-vis the vertical phenomenon of drone warfare. Looking at Louise Lawler’s installation No Drones (2010/11) and Hito Steyerl’s essay A Sea of Data (2016), I propose the perceptual techniques of anamorphosis and apophenia as two visual forms that practice a looking askew, which allows them to counter what Donna Haraway has called the god trick. The artworks put forward two ways of dealing with contemporary regimes of power and knowledge via a re-reading and re-viewing of their images.

In a last move, this kind of re-reading and re-viewing is applied to the discipline of literary studies, as the conference was hosted by the Department of German Studies at Cornell University. I ask literary studies to integrate texts and tools from visual studies, and return to the methodological discussions taking place in the late 1980s and early 1990s, because it might be there that ‘we’ can find something to methodologically grapple with the present.