Robotics

Solid-phase techniques have facilitated the handling of biochemical analytes. This has stimulated the development of systems by which large sample panels can be analyzed with high levels of security and quality. We describe a sample transfer device based on the principle of vacuum filtration, which enables parallel handling of 96 samples of analytes bound to Sepharose beads. The tool was employed for strand separation of DNA samples, by attracting the beads to filter probes while passing them between the reagent solutions. The samples were analyzed using Pyrosequencing technology and proved to yield genotyping results of high quality. The presented sample preparation procedure provides an important link in the development of integrated systems for rapid genetic analysis at a low cost. In addition, the same filter could be reused extensively with very low risk for detectable cross-contamination between assays and without any reduction in processing capacity, thus further reducing the cost per analyzed sample.

Mankind’s dependence on artificial intelligence and robotics is increasing rapidly as technology becomes more advanced. Finding a way to seamlessly intertwine these two worlds will help boost productivity in society and aid in a variety of ways in modern civilization.

Androids, Cyborgs, and Robots in Contemporary Culture and Society is an essential scholarly resource that delves into the current issues, methodologies, and trends relating to advanced robotic technology in the modern world. Featuring relevant topics that include STEM technologies, brain-controlled androids, biped robots, and media perception, this publication is ideal for engineers, academicians, students, and researchers that would like to stay current with the latest developments in the world of evolving robotics.

This special issue on AI and robots in service interactions of the Journal of Service Management Research aims to contribute and elaborated our understanding of the new challenges organizations, employees and customers face due to the infusion of service robot- and AI-facilitated and automated interactions in the service encounter. For service organizations, it is essential to recognize and evaluate service robots’ potential not only for their own organizational success, but also for the well-being of their employees and acceptance, and the quality perception and satisfaction of their customers.

We will start with a short introduction into service robots and AI before we introduce the four papers of this special issue. We use the topics of these papers as a starting point and discuss implications for future research in this emerging field.

This paper gives brief introduction about various sensors used in robotics and their applications. A sensor is a device that detects the changes in electrical or physical or other quantities and thereby produces an output and whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other electronic devices. Robotic sensors are used to estimate robots condition and environment. Sensors in robots are based on the functions of human sensory organs. Sensors used in robots provide intelligence to the robot and improve their performance.

This paper proposes a novel, reactive algorithm for real time obstacle avoidance, compatible with low cost sonar or infrared sensors, fast enough to be implemented on embedded microcontrollers. We called this algorithm " the bubble rebound algorithm ". According to this algorithm, only the obstacles detected within an area called " sensitivity bubble " around the robot are considered. The shape and size of the sensitivity bubble are dynamically adjusted, depending on the kinematics of the robot. Upon detection of an obstacle, the robot " rebounds " in a direction having the lowest density of obstacles, and continues its motion in this direction until the goal becomes visible, or a new obstacle is encountered. The performances and drawbacks of the method are described, based on the experimental results with simulators and real robots..

Este documento consiste de un brazo robótico de 3 grados de libertad llamado “ROBO-WRITER” el cuál tiene la característica de escribir. Se describen las características mecánicas del brazo robótico que se utilizaron para la implementación, la teoría de la cinemática, el análisis matemático de la cinemática directa e inversa implementado y el programa que contiene dicho análisis.
La finalidad de este prototipo es que el robot escriba letras para la formación de palabras que el usuario desee. Se usó una programación en MATLAB mediante el uso de una interfaz gráfica donde el usuario pueda determinar en qué posición del área de trabajo permitida desea que empiece a escribir el manipulador robótico, al mismo tiempo mandará una instrucción al brazo robótico para que plasme la palabra.

A new procedure for the calibration of an articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) is presented in this paper. First, a self-calibration algorithm of four laser trackers (LTs) is developed. The spatial localization of a retroreflector target, placed in different positions within the workspace, is determined by means of a geometric multilateration system constructed from the four LTs. Next, a nonlinear optimization algorithm for the identification procedure of the AACMM is explained. An objective function based on Euclidean distances and standard deviations is developed. This function is obtained from the captured nominal data (given by the LTs used as a gauge instrument) and the data obtained by the AACMM and compares the measured and calculated coordinates of the target to obtain the identified model parameters that minimize this difference. Finally, results show that the procedure presented, using the measurements of the LTs as a gauge instrument, is very effective by ...

"A Roadmap for U.S. Robotics: From Internet to Robotics - 2013 Edition.". Robots are being used more widely than expected in a variety of sectors, and the trend is likely to continue with robotics becoming as ubiquitous as computer technology over the next 15 years. That is the message Henrik Christensen, Georgia Tech's KUKA Chair of Robotics in the College of Computing, will bring to the Congressional Robotics Caucus on March 20 as he presents "A Roadmap for U.S. Robotics: From Internet to Robotics - 2013 Edition." The report, which outlines the progress of robots in multiple industries over the last five years and identifies goals for the coming decade, highlights robotics as a key economic enabler with the potential to transform U.S. society.

This paper presents a comparison of different techniques to capture nominal data for its use in later verification and kinematic parameter identification procedures for articulated arm coordinate measuring machines (AACMM). By using four different probing systems (passive spherical probe, active spherical probe, self-centering passive probe and self-centering active probe) the accuracy and repeatability of captured points has been evaluated by comparing these points to nominal points materialized by a ball-bar gauge distributed in several positions of the measurement volume. Then, by comparing these systems it is possible to characterize the influence of the force over the final results for each of the gauge and probing system configurations. The results with each of the systems studied show the advantages and original accuracy obtained by active probes, and thus their suitability in verification (active probes) and kinematic parameter identification (self-centering active probes) procedures.

Managers come and go, but real leaders of innovation are rare and their tenures in any given role may be short, either because they are in high demand or because senior executives don't really understand how to leverage change agents to achieve their business objectives. Robotics Process Automation (RPA) is one of those disruptive technologies that presents leaders with an opportunity to adapt, change and achieve marked results. But how ready are leaders to embrace the transformation that RPA portends. Assessing RPA Readiness Before embarking on the RPA journey, leaders should ask themselves a few core questions relating to their current and desired states of operation, their existing talent pool and other resources, and the senior executive's willingness to truly sponsor the combination of human and virtual labor. Questions might include the following:  How significant are the competitive and operational related threats and opportunities in the eyes of senior management driving the need for RPA?  How would the shift to combining human and virtual labor reshape the core value propositions for accuracy, efficiency, cost reduction, customer service and profitability?  How disruptive will RPA really be and what are the varying perceptions of IT, compliance, risk management, and business unit leaders regarding its implementation?  How should skill requirements and work processes change to fully realize the potential benefits of RPA? The answers to these questions can help business unit and shared-services leaders build the business case for RPA transformation and can inform their sponsors, stakeholders and critics regarding the longer-term strategy, planning, and resource decisions that RPA will require. As great as the opportunities are for RPA, our practical application of the technology in banks, insurance companies, health care and manufacturing suggests that most companies do not do a great job of socializing RPA adequately among constituent stakeholders before launching their RPA initiatives. Companies seeking to make such a transition face constraints relating to process and work flow, talent development, robotics operating models, RPA governance, IT operational alignment and technology requirements. There may be concerns about integrating legacy systems with RPA technologies, the impact of robotics on PII, SOX, SCC, FRB, FSB, OCC, HIPPA, GAP and other compliance and reporting requirements. There is also a shortage of the talent and skills required to undertake RPA transformation programs, as well as conflicting strategic priorities within leadership teams. Furthermore, while the focus of RPA has been on improving process efficiency, accuracy and transaction speed, there exist equally valuable

Kinect for Xbox 360 is a low-cost controller-free device originally designed for gaming and entertainment experience by Microsoft Corporation. This device is equipped with one IR camera, one color camera and one IR projector to produce images with voxels (depth pixels). This additional dimension to the image, makes it a tempting device to use in robotics applications. This work presents a solution using the Kinect sensor to cope with one important aspect of autonomous mobile robotics, obstacle avoidance.

The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA). It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of AI for researchers, programmers, and software and hardware manufacturers. The journal also aims to publish new attempts in the form of special issues on emerging areas in Artificial Intelligence and applications.

Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of Artificial Intelligence & applications.

Arming uninhabited vehicles (UVs) is an increasing trend. Widespread deployment can bring dangers for arms-control agreements and international humanitarian law (IHL). Armed UVs can destabilise the situation between potential opponents. Smaller systems can be used for terrorism. Using a systematic definition existing international regulation of armed UVs in the fields of arms control, export control and transparency measures is reviewed; these partly include armed UVs, but leave large gaps. For preventive arms control a general prohibition of armed UVs would be best. If that is unattainable, several measures should be taken. An explicit prohibition of autonomous attack, that is without a human decision, should be added to IHL. Concerning armed UVs remotely controlled by a human soldier, recommendations differ according to type or mission. New kinds of uninhabited nuclear-weapon carriers should be banned. Space weapons should be prohibited in general. UVs smaller than 0.2–0.5 m should be banned. Bigger remotely controlled armed UVs not equipped with weapons of mass destruction should be subject to numerical limitations in various categories. For these the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe is an important precedent.

The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA). It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of AI for researchers, programmers, and software and hardware manufacturers. The journal also aims to publish new attempts in the form of special issues on emerging areas in Artificial Intelligence and applications.

A mechanical device or system that can think and look, observe, hear, walk, speak and feel like a human can be developed using a knowledge-based technique known as the expert system. The expert system can be integrated with robotics to connect human intelligence to machines to perform intelligent work like that of humans by incorporating functions such as reasoning, knowledge/intelligence and problem-solving. The methods implemented in expert systems were examined in this article as well as the review of the literature of the different applications of expert systems in the field of robotics. In this article, articles with a keyword index and articles from several literature reviews are discussed to explore the various applications of the expert system. Different types of expert systems are also presented in this article, P. B. Rules for expert systems based on knowledge and expert systems based on diffuse properties, properties and characteristics of the expert system and its advantages.

Background: Over fifty percent of stroke patients experience chronic arm hand performance problems, compromising independence in daily life activities and quality of life. Task-oriented training may improve arm hand performance after stroke, whereby augmented therapy may lead to a better treatment outcome. Technology-supported training holds opportunities for increasing training intensity. However, the effects of robot-supported task-oriented training with real life objects in stroke patients are not known to date. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness and added value of the Haptic Master robot combined with task-oriented arm hand training in chronic stroke patients.

1. Introduction Historically, a lot of authors in psychology and in robotics tend to separate “true imitation” and its related high-level mechanisms which seem to be ex-clusive to human adult, from low-level imitations or “mimicries” observed on babies or primates. Closely, ...

We present a new approach to path planning, called the "Ariadne's clew algorithm". It is designed to find paths in high-dimensional continuous spaces and applies to robots with many degrees of freedom in static, as well as dynamic environments - ones where obstacles may move. The Ariadne's clew algorithm comprises two sub-algorithms, called SEARCH and EXPLORE, applied in an interleaved

AI symposium on 'Ethics and morality in non-human agents' presentation AAAI-16 Spring Symposium.  Slides as pdf.  Robot Priest was demonstrated, chasis, costume, hybrid raspberry pi/sermonator.  Details of present science around biology of human trust, our deteriorating public trust in various institutions including foundations of the catholic church priests, and the need to build 'trustworthy' AI.

The development of an innovative functional assessment procedure based on the combination of electroencephalography (EEG) and robot-assisted upper limb devices may provide new insights into the dynamics of cortical reorganization promoted by rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in event-related synchronization/desynchronization (ERS/ERD) in alpha and beta bands in a patient with pure sensory stroke who underwent a specific rehabilitation program for somatic sensation recovery. A 49-year-old, right-handed woman (time since stroke, 12 months) with severe upper limb somatic sensation deficits was tested using validated clinical scales and a standardized video-EEG system combined with the Bi-Manu-Track robotassisted arm trainer protocol. The patient underwent a 3-month home-based rehabilitation program for promoting upper limb recovery (1 hour a day for 5 days a week). She was tested before treatment, at 1-month, and at 3-month during treatment. Results showed progressive recovery of upper limb function over time. These effects were associated with specific changes in the modulation of alpha and beta event-related synchronization/desynchronization. This unique study provides new perspectives for the assessment of functional deficits and changes in cortical activity promoted by rehabilitation in poststroke patients.

In the last chapter, we went through detailed procedures to install Ubuntu on VirtualBox and on a real PC. We also practiced important shell commands that we are going to use while building a robot. The next important requirement for working with a robot is to learn a few programming languages. By using these languages, we can program the robot for different application. Some of the popular programming languages used for creating robotic applications are C++ and Python. This doesn't mean that we won't use other languages. Programming languages like Java and C# are also used in robotics, but the most common languages are C++ and Python. This chapter discusses some fundamental concepts of C++ and its compilation process. These concepts will definitely help you when you start working with ROS. The fundamentals include mainly objectoriented programming (OOP) concepts and compiling code using Make and CMake tools. This chapter assumes that you have some fundamental understanding of C programming languages. So let's get started with C++ fundamental.

A globally convergent adaptive control scheme for robot motion control with the following features is proposed. First, the adaptation law possesses enhanced robustness with respect to noisy velocity measurements. Second, the controller does not require the inclusion of high gain loops that may excite the unmodeled dynamics and amplify the noise level. Third, we derive for the unknown parameter design a relationship between compensator gains and closed-loop convergence rates that is independent of the robot task. A simulation example of a two-DOF manipulator features some aspects of the control scheme.

The problem of mobile robot navigation has received a noticeable attention over last few years. Several different approaches were presented, each having major limitations. In this paper a new, agentbased solution the problem of mobile robots navigation is proposed. It is based on a novel representation of the environment, that divides it into a number of distinct regions, and assigns autonomous software Space Agents to supervise it. Space Agents create a graph, that represents a high-level structure of the entire environment. The graph is used as a virtual space, that robot controlling agents work in. The most important features of the approach are: path planning for multiple robots based on most recent data available in the system, automated collision avoidance, simple localization of a "lost robot" and unrestricted scalability.

Abstract—Some in-parallel robots, such as the 3-2-1 and the 3/2 manipulators, have attracted attention because their forward kinematics can be solved by three consecutive trilaterations. In this paper, we identify a class of these robots, which we call flagged manipulators, whose singularity loci admit a well-behaved decomposition, i.e., a stratification, derived from that of the flag manifold. Two remarkable properties must be highlighted. First, the decomposition has the same topology for all members in the class, irrespective of the metric details of each particular robot instance. Thus, we provide explicitly all the singular strata and their connectivity, which apply to all flagged manipulators without any tailoring. Second, the strata can be easily characterized geometrically, because it is possible to assign local coordinates to each stratum (in the configuration space of the manipulator) that correspond to uncoupled rotations and/or translations in the workspace. Index Terms—...

Optimizing neurofeedback (NF) and brain–computer interface (BCI) implementations constitutes a challenge across many fields and has so far been addressed by, among others, advancing signal processing methods or predicting the user’s control ability from neurophysiological or psychological measures. In comparison, how context factors influence NF/BCI performance is largely unexplored. We here investigate whether a competitive multi-user condition leads to better NF/BCI performance than a single-user condition. We implemented a foot motor imagery (MI) NF with mobile electroencephalography (EEG). Twenty-five healthy, young participants steered a humanoid robot in a single-user condition and in a competitive multi-user race condition using a second humanoid robot and a pseudo competitor. NF was based on 8–30 Hz relative event-related desynchronization (ERD) over sensorimotor areas. There was no significant difference between the ERD during the competitive multi-user condition and the si...

Citation/Export MLA Ronak Mistry, Kishan Malaviya, Harsh Kotak, Harshil Bhatt, Urvi Patel, “A Novel Approach to Autonomous Farming Robot”, April 15 Volume 3 Issue 4 , International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication (IJRITCC), ISSN: 2321-8169, PP: 2362 - 2366, DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.1604127 APA Ronak Mistry, Kishan Malaviya, Harsh Kotak, Harshil Bhatt, Urvi Patel, April 15 Volume 3 Issue 4, “A Novel Approach to Autonomous Farming Robot”, International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication (IJRITCC), ISSN: 2321-8169, PP: 2362 - 2366, DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.1604127

The sense of touch is of major importance for object handling. Nevertheless, adequate cutaneous sensors for humanoid robot hands are still missing. Designing such sensors is challenging, because they should not only give reliable measurements and integrate many sensing points into little space, but they should also be compliant and should not obstruct the other functions of the robot. This paper presents a capacitive pressure sensor system with 108 sensitive zones for the hands of the humanoid robot iCub. In particular, the palm has 48 taxels and each of the five fingertips has 12 taxels. The size and the shape of the hand are similar to that of a human child. When designing the sensors, we paid special attention to the integration on the robot. Also the ease and speed of production was an important design factor. Furthermore, the sensor incorporates silicone foam and is therefore compliant. We show the working principle of the sensor, how it has been integrated into the hands, and describe experiments that have been performed to show the characteristics of the sensor. 19th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication Principe di Piemonte -Viareggio, Italy, Sept. 12-15, 2010 978-1-4244-7989-4/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE 691 978-1-4244-7990-0/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE

The work reported in this paper is motivated by the need to investigate general methods for pattern transformation. A formal definition for pattern transformation is provided and four special cases namely, elementary and geometric transformation based on repositioning all and some agents in the pattern are introduced. The need for a mathematical tool and simulations for visualizing the behavior of a transformation method is highlighted. A mathematical method based on the Moebius transformation is proposed. The transformation method involves discretization of events for planning paths of individual robots in a pattern. Simulations on a particle physics simulator are used to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.

This paper presents a robotic vision system that automatically retrieves and positions surgical instruments during robotized laparoscopic surgical operations. The instrument is mounted on the end-effector of a surgical robot which is controlled by visual servoing. The goal of the automated task is to safely bring the instrument at a desired 3-D location from an unknown or hidden position. Light Emitting Diodes are attached on the tip of the instrument and a speci£c instrument-holder £tted with optical £bers is used to project laser dots on the surface of the organs. These optical markers are detected in the endoscopic image and allow to localize the instrument with respect to the scene. The instrument is recovered and centered in the image plane by means of a visual servoing algorithm using feature errors in the image. With this system, the surgeon can specify a desired relative position between the instrument and the pointed organ. The relationship between the velocity screw of the surgical instrument and the velocity of the markers in the image is estimated online and, for safety reasons, a multi-stages servoing scheme is proposed. Our approach has been successfully validated in a real surgical environment by performing experiments on living tissues in the surgical training room of IRCAD.

A navigation system is a program that provides graphical maps, coordinates or directions to a destination. Now autonomous navigation system of a mobile robot involves self-steering of a robot from one place to another based on computational resources on-board the robot. There are several ways to approach mobile robot navigation. This paper discusses the most common algorithms used for any kind of mobile robots for navigational purpose which are go-to-goal, avoiding obstacles, following wall and path planning. Sonar range sensors are used as the sensing elements and wheel encoders are used for robot localization. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed navigation system in an unknown environment which contain convex and concave objects. To test the proposed algorithms in real life, a differential drive wheeled robot which is a kind of mobile robot, has been made. However, this paper also contains the motor model of differential drive wheeled robot.

Research of autonomous mobile robots has mostly emphasized interaction and coordination that are natually inspired from biological behavior of birds, insects, and fish: flocking, foraging, collecting, and sharing. However, most research has been only focused on autonomous behaviors in order to perform robots like animals, whereas it is lacked of determinant to those behaviours: energy. Approaching to clusted amimal and the higher, collective and sharing food among individuals are major activity to keep society being. This paper issues an approach to sociable robots using self-maintained energy in cooperative mobile robots, which is dominantly inspired from swarm behavior of collecting and sharing food of honey-bee and ant. Autonomous mobile robots are usually equipped with a finite energy, thus they can operate in a finite time. To overcome the finitude, we describe practical deployment of mobile robots that are capable of carrying and exchanging fuel to other robots. Mechanism implementation including modular hardware and control architecture to demonstrate the capabicities of the approach is presented. Subsequently, the battery exchange algorithm basically based on probabilistic modeling of total energy on each robot located in its local vicinity is described. The paper is concluded with challenging works of chain of mobile robots, rescue, repair, and relation of heterogeneous robots.