Thematic Mapping

La revision de la literatura especializada sobre los metodos e indices de diagnostico que se utilizan para evaluar la erosion de los suelos evidencio la amplia variedad de metodos que existen, por lo cual los investigadores teniendo en cuenta sus objetivos de trabajo y la disponibilidad de datos pueden seleccionar entre todos, los mas apropiados. Se reconocen metodos basados en: la cartografia de formas de erosion, evaluacion y cartografia tematica de factores que influyen en la erosion, observaciones directas de campo, isotopos radioactivos y la modelacion, destacandose la importancia de los Sistemas de Informacion Geografica (SIGs) en el desarrollo de algunos de ellos. Los metodos presentados se clasifican en cualitativos y cuantitativos por el tipo de resultado que ofrecen, agrupandose de esta forma para su descripcion en este trabajo. Se revisaron ademas los metodos e indices de diagnostico que han sido utilizados en Cuba durante las ultimas decadas.

The earlybird registration deadline - February 18th - is fast approaching. There are still some places available for this exciting new Summer School! "Cultural Mapping and Connecting with Place" 21 to 25 March 2022, Caldas da Rainha, Portugal. For info and registration, visit: https://ces.uc.pt/summerwinterschools/?lang=1&id=28189

mapping in relation with informal settlement upgrading based on information gathered from the residents of the informal settlement. Furthermore, the application of GIS spatial analysis in different informal settlement problems is demonstrated. This research outlines the investigation of mapping and spatial analysis in Informal settlements upgrading using GIS, making use of five different analysis methods: Buffer analysis, thematic mapping, Thiessen polygons, distance mapping and Multi Criteria Evaluation. The case study area is Monwabisi Park in Cape Town and the data was collected by Violence Prevention through Urban Upgrading (VPUU). The study has revealed that the use of indigenous knowledge in GIS analysis for upgrading could be very valuable in making scientific and alternate decision during informal settlement upgrading process.

“Vi un cielo nuevo y una tierra nueva, porque el primer cielo y la primera tierra han desaparecido; y el mar ya no existe”. Así escribe Juan en Apocalipsis, 21:1, y de hecho en su libro abundan las descripciones de transformaciones del mundo: las islas y las montañas se mueven dos veces, el mar se convierte en sangre, una estrella cae a la tierra, etcétera. Hay muchos ciclos medievales de ilustraciones del Apocalipsis, pero muy pocos representan estas transformaciones de la tierra a través de la cartografía, es decir, por medio de mapamundis.
  Después de analizar los pocos mapamundis utilizados para ilustrar el Apocalipsis en otros manuscritos, me centraré en uno manuscrito alemán poco estudiado de finales del siglo XV disponible en la Biblioteca Huntington, más específicamente en las dos primeras partes de dicho libro. Este se abre con una sección dedicada a la geografía, que se ilustra con una variedad inusual de mapamundis –entre ellos, mapas que muestran las islas del mundo, y los ríos navegables–. Generalmente se cree que la cartografía temática comenzó en el siglo XVII, pero estos mapas que presentamos son temáticos y, por lo tanto, son de gran originalidad y gran importancia en la historia de la cartografía. A continuación sigue un breve tratado sobre el Apocalipsis, que se ilustra por una notable serie de seis mapamundis que representan las transformaciones radicales de la tierra durante el fin del mundo, que según el autor anónimo tendrá lugar entre 1514 y 1661. Estas imágenes son mapas históricos; normalmente se dice que la cartografía histórica comenzó en el siglo XVII, y por eso estos mapas presentan la misma originalidad que los mapamundis de la primera parte del manuscrito.
  Varios estudiosos han señalado que los mapamundis medievales tratan tanto de la historia cristiana como de la geografía, y esta serie de mapas proféticos exclusivos proporciona un ejemplo especialmente llamativo de este fenómeno. El manuscrito es una de las obras cartográficas más originales del siglo XV.


“Vi um céu novo e uma terra nova, porque o primeiro céu e a primeira terra desapareceram; e o mar já não existe”. Assim escreve João no Apocalipsis, 21:1, e, de facto, no seu livro abundam as descrições de transformações do mundo: as ilhas e as montanhas movem-se duas vezes, o mar converte-se em sangue, uma estrela cai à terra, etc. Há muitos ciclos medievais de ilustrações do Apocalipsis, mas muito poucos representam estas transformações da Terra através da cartografia, isto é, por meio de mapamundis. Depois de analisar os poucos mapamundis utilizados para ilustrar o Apocalipsis noutros manuscritos, centrar-me-ei num manuscrito alemão pouco estudado de finais do século XV disponível na Biblioteca Huntington, mais especificamente nas duas primeiras partes daquele livro, que abre com uma secção dedicada à geografia, ilustrada com uma variedade incomum de mapamundis – entre eles, mapas que mostram as ilhas do mundo e os rios navegáveis. Geralmente, julga-se que a cartografia temática começou no século XVII, mas estes mapas que apresentamos são temáticos e, portanto, de grande originalidade e importância para a história da cartografia. Segue-se um breve tratado sobre o Apocalipsis, ilustrado por uma notável série de seis mapamundis que representam as transformações radicais da Terra durante o fim do mundo, que, segundo o autor anónimo, terá lugar entre 1514 e 1661. Estas imagens são mapas históricos. Normalmente, diz-se que a cartografia histórica começou no século XVII, e por isso estes mapas apresentam a mesma originalidade que os mapamundis da primeira parte do manuscrito. Vários estudiosos assinalaram que os mapamundis medievais tratam tanto da história cristã como da geografia, e esta série de mapas proféticos exclusivos proporciona um exemplo especialmente apelativo deste fenómeno. O manuscrito é uma das obras cartográficas mais originais do século XV.

Urbanisation leads to rapid constructions, which use low albedo materials leading to high heat absorption in urban centres. In addition, removal of vegetation cover and emissions of waste heat from various sources contribute to the accumulation of heat energy, leading to formation of urban heat islands (UHIs). UHIs have many adverse socio-environmental impacts. Therefore, spatial identification of UHIs is a necessity to take appropriate remedial measures to minimise their adverse impacts. Satellite remote sensing provides a cost-effective and time-saving methodology for spatio-temporal analyses of land surface temperature (LST) distribution.

In this study, thermal bands (10.40–12.50 μm) of Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery acquired in 3 distinct dates covering Colombo city of Sri Lanka were analysed for the spatio-temporal identification of UHIs. Vegetation cover of Colombo city was extracted by using NDVI method and subsequently examined with the distribution of LST.

A deductive index was defined to identify the environmentally critical areas in Colombo city based on the distribution of LST and availability of vegetation cover. Accordingly, Colombo harbour and surrounding areas were identified as the most critical areas. Remedial measures can be taken in future urban planning endeavours based on the results of this study.

Thematic mapping is one of the most common cartographic methods used to identify spatial interrelated phenomena, which are observed in another form to a limited extent. Cartographic expression helps to identify the exact context in space. Nowadays, there exist a number of specialized products for the creation of thematic maps, in the form of software applications, or applications using services from the World Wide Web. In our paper we will try to explain the possibility of vector format KML and its properties for thematic mapping in Google Earth closer, which is used to display the resulting map outputs. Maps alone are compiled by the client using the Web site browser for transferring input variables to the server, where they are processed and map data is subsequently generated according to client requirements. As well as KML format the application also uses the MySQL database system, which serves for storing the geometry of entities in the form of single points forming the boundaries of administrative units (communities), as well as attributes from the official census of population and housing in 2001 for these spatial units.

Cultural tourism, which has evolved from the Grand tour phenomenon, aims to obtain information about the cultural values of the country and city traveled. In the tourism area, diversity is increasing day by day. Tourism types such as experience and culture, which contribute to information and philosophy of life, are gaining importance as the days' pass. The realization of thematic routes in the tourist info and tourism programs of cities contributes to the development of cultural tourism. These routes are also being created for the urban traces of great classical music composers. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the great composers of the cities and the perspective of urban planning on the touristic effects. In this study based on literature research, there is an effort to develop an approach that grounds on the cultural studies in urban planning. As a case study, the spatial analysis of the Chopin's effect on the tourism of the city of Warsaw is carried out. Cultural thematic tourism creates an opportunity to hand down the values of architectural textures and historical figures that constitute the identity of the countries to the next generations. Cultural thematic tourism also contributes to the urban identity by showing that there are some types of tourism that can create value and develop awareness of conservation.

This article explores how lesbian and bisexual women negotiate pressures to look like an authentic lesbian and an authentic individual in their accounts of their clothing and appearance practices. Thirty women responded to a ‘paper-and-pen’ qualitative survey about lesbian and bisexual women's dress and appearance. Two main themes were generated from the data: ‘norms and conformity’ and ‘freedom and authenticity’. Conformity to appearance mandates raised questions about individual authenticity; the women negotiated this dilemma either by presenting their conformity as active and strategic, a means to an end (subverting normative assumptions of heterosexuality, being recognised by other non-heterosexual women) or as an almost unconscious expression of their inner dyke. For feminine and other non-conforming women, their lack of conformity raised questions about their authenticity as a non-heterosexual woman (and their feminist credentials), and some of these women negotiated this dilemma by presenting their femininity as a subversion of heteronormative assumptions by showing that any woman can be a lesbian. We conclude this article by highlighting the potential for over-reading sexuality in accounts of sexuality and appearance practices.

Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) are conventionally recommended in mental health
care literature as an important way to offer holistic treatment provision to patients. This
study aims to explore multidisciplinary teamwork in contemporary mental health
settings, particularly what aids and hinders the process of multidisciplinary teamworking,
and the social work contribution in such teams. In order to attain an in-depth
exploration of these phenomena, a single case study design was employed. Within this
design, data were generated through semi-structured interviews and structured
observation of a mental health MDT in Ireland. These data were analysed using
interpretative phenomenological analysis. The research highlights how the concept of
mental illness is contested within this MDT, with the medical model dominant within
an environment of fluid working arrangements. Professional role blurring and
stereotyping were found to impact the division of labour on this team, with role
negotiation found to be an integral part of retaining a professional’s practice identity.
This research raises concerns for social work’s capacity to function within mental
health MDTs in Ireland, and highlights ways in which social work educators might
respond in order to empower Irish social workers to meet the challenges of mental
health multidisciplinary teamworking.

This work presents Top 5 football leagues in Europe, and their best clubs for the period 2000.-2020. Every map contents: name of the clubs, their official arms, and cities. Some of these clubs are now in 2 and 3. League, but still they have the best results in league and European competitions.
In this short visual presentation author use geomapps for: United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, France and Italy.

Spatial Decision Support Systems are widely used in site selection studies to locate the most suitable areas which satisfy the exclusion and preference rules that have been set by the decision makers. The use of these systems is particularly useful as well as demanding since spatial decision problems depend on a number of people involved in the decision making process (Massam 1988) and they often involve a mixture of quantitative and qualitative information on evaluation criteria. Furthermore spatial decision systems ought to include methods for a sustainable development of the environment as well as concerns which derive from the public awareness and sensitivity about the urban or rural growth. The combination of multiple parameters, methods and decision making techniques, creates the foundation for a Multi-Criteria Spatial Decision Support System. This study was undertaken under the framework of INTERREG III –C to form a Sustainable Strategy for Industrial Development in Coastal Zones. The area of study is the Corinthia prefecture which was chosen amongst others due to the total absence of spatial planning (and more particularly industrial planning) which has led to implications with land uses and urban coherence. These implications generate social, environmental and political conflicts. The study's main goal is to identify the most suitable areas where new industrial zones can be established. This will be achieved through the comprehensive formation of a MCDSS or a so-called Suitability Model designed in ESRI's Model Builder environment. The framework for the model includes the problem definition, the criteria selection, the parameters' weighting, the spatial analysis implementation, the illustration and inspection of the selected areas, the sensitivity analysis and finally the recommendation of the most suitable areas (Malczewski 1999). 2

The paper sets out to expose the conceptual structure of sentence meaning dealt with in linguistics under the heading ‘theme-rheme’, and to analyze through a series of pragmatic texts whether by reproducing source-text thematic structures leads to felicitous translations.

A triangular point graph helps in the process of data classification for a thematic map. A triangular graph can be used for a situation that is described by three variables. The total sum of variables is 100%. The proportion of three variables is plotted in an equilateral triangular graph where each side represents a coordinate for one variable. A triangular graph displays the proportions of the three variables. The position of the point indicates the type (class) of the situation in the triangular graph. The typology of the situation can be subsequently expressed in the map.
We have created a “Triangular Graph” program which represents a helpful automatic tool for ArcGIS software. This new program classifies input data based on a triangular graph. It is realized by two python scripts located in a custom toolbox as two programs. The first program calculates X and Y coordinates in an equilateral triangular graph.  The second program compares plotted points and suggested zones of a division produced by the first program. Finally, a new attribute is added to the source data. The user can create a new thematic map, based on that attribute in order to express the typology of the given situation. 
The programming language Python and essential module ArcPy have been used for solving these tasks. To test the created programs several maps were made, based on the classification often used in demography. For example, the new program helped to create a sample map of age categories in districts of the Czech Republic. 
The program is available to download from the Esri web pages and web pages of the Department of Geoinformatics, Palacký University Olomouc.

In this paper we describe ongoing work in the restructuring of a tagset originally organised as a taxonomy and used to annotate literary themes and motifs in a corpus of classical works of poetry from a number of different traditions. We show how such a tagset can be rendered more efficient and useful through the appropriation of ideas and techniques from lexical semantics and ontology design. The newly redesigned tagset is described with examples showing how the new design is much more expressive than the old taxonomy; furthermore, an example query is described in order to demonstrate how more refined semantic searches can be carried using the new version of the taxonomy. The final result is, we hope, a resource that will be useful not only for the specific project for which it was developed but one that is well-designed and well-documented enough to be of use for other similar semantic annotation tasks.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-2_1

Decision makers historically have indicated that inaccessibility of required geographic data and difficulties in synthesizing various recommendations are primary obstacles to spatial problem solving. Studies have shown that the quality of decisions (i.e., the ability to produce meaningful solutions) can be improved if these obstacles are lessened or removed through an integrated systems approach, such as a spatial decision support system (SDSS). In addition, multicriteria decision making (MCDM) and a wide range of related methodologies offer a variety of techniques and practices to uncover and integrate decision makers' preferences in order to solve "real-world" GIS-based planning and management problems. However, because of conceptual difficulties (i.e., dynamic preference structures and large decision alternative and evaluation criteria sets) involved in formulating and solving spatial decision problems, researchers have developed multicriteria-spatial decision support systems (MC-SDSS). In this paper, we present a general overview of MC-SDSS, briefly review applications of MC-SDSS to a broad range of decision problems, and provide direction for future trends and research in this area.

Decision makers historically have indicated that inaccessibility of required geographic data and difficulties in synthesizing various recommendations are primary obstacles to spatial problem solving. Studies have shown that the quality of decisions (i.e., the ability to produce meaningful solutions) can be improved if these obstacles are lessened or removed through an integrated systems approach, such as a spatial decision support system (SDSS). In addition, multicriteria decision making (MCDM) and a wide range of related methodologies offer a variety of techniques and practices to uncover and integrate decision makers' preferences in order to solve "real-world" GIS-based planning and management problems. However, because of conceptual difficulties (i.e., dynamic preference structures and large decision alternative and evaluation criteria sets) involved in formulating and solving spatial decision problems, researchers have developed multicriteria-spatial decision support systems (MC-SDSS). In this paper, we present a general overview of MC-SDSS, briefly review applications of MC-SDSS to a broad range of decision problems, and provide direction for future trends and research in this area.

O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar os resultados alcançados no estudo da vulnerabilidade socioambiental da Área Insular de Santos SP – Brasil, integrados com o mapeamento de vegetação e uso do solo urbano. Com vistas a aferir a metodologia desenvolvida para a seleção das principais variáveis e a representação espacial dos setores e dos bairros mais vulneráveis da cidade, foi realizado um mapeamento das ocorrências de deslizamentos e quedas de blocos. Os resultados obtidos na análise da vulnerabilidade indicam que parte significativa dos bairros que apresentaram elevado grau de vulnerabilidade têm como indicadores a baixa escolaridade e baixa renda e a alta incidência de crianças, bem como o predomínio de infraestruturas deficientes tanto dos bairros quanto dos domicílios. Quanto à análise integrada dos mapas de vulnerabilidade, vegetação, uso do solo urbano, ocorrências de deslizamentos e quedas de blocos, observou-se uma predominante coincidência entre as altas vulnerabilidades com as ocorrências registradas pela Defesa Civil, em áreas de contato entre vegetação do tipo mata, edificações subnormais e convencionais assentadas em áreas de alta declividade ou no alto de morros. Tais aspectos reforçam a adequação do procedimento apoiado em análise estatística e integração de dados em SIG, que permitem que se destaquem as regiões de alta e muito alta vulnerabilidade, podendo assim dar suporte à administração pública no planejamento urbano e em ações preventivas de desastres.

The purpose of this article is to present the results achieved in the study of the social and environmental vulnerability of the Insular Area of Santos SP - Brazil, integrated with the vegetation and the urban land use mapping. In order to assess the methodology developed for the selection of principal variables and the spatial representation of the most vulnerable sectors and neighborhoods of the city, a mapping of landslides and rock fall occurrences was done.
The results obtained in the analysis of vulnerability indicated that a significant part of the neighborhoods with high and very high degree of vulnerability presented indicators of low education, low income and of high incidence of children, as well as the predominance of precarious infrastructures both in the neighborhoods and in the households. As for the maps integrated analysis, a predominant coincidence between registrations by the Civil Defense and high vulnerability areas was observed especially in contact areas between the forest and precarious or conventional buildings settled either on high slopes or on hilltops. Such aspects reinforce the adequacy of the methodology based on statistical analysis and GIS data integration allowing the regions with high and very high vulnerability to stand out, and thus supporting the public administration in relation to the urban planning and to disaster preventive actions.

El presente trabajo ofrece una descripción en forma resumida de las características de los estudios de nivel superior de Cartografía en Hungría, presentando la enseñanza y uso de las técnicas digitales en las diferentes asignaturas y haciéndose enfásis en la experimentación de soluciones menos conocidas pero novedosas en tareas de visualización de los datos geográficos durante los estudios de grado Master. Como conclusión se ofrecen ejemplos de las investigaciones relacionadas con este tema que nuestros estudiantes realizan en el marco de sus tesis de grado.

Sürekli gelişen teknolojiyi daha iyi hizmet sunmakta, karar destek mekanizmalarında, vergilendirme, planlama, alt-üst yapı çalışmalarında ve belediyenin görev alanına giren her türlü konuda yardımcı olmak için kullanmak amacıyla Altındağ Kent Bilgi Sistemi (ALBİS) Projesine 2010 yılı içerisinde başlanmıştır ve halen devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmaların sonucunda, 2 Boyutlu ve 3 Boyutlu, çeşitli tematik haritalar üretilmiştir. Bunlardan bazıları; yıllara göre ruhsat alınan parsellere, belediyenin istek/ şikayet birimine gelen şikayetlerin sayılarına, belli bir Kadınlar Eğitim ve Kültür Merkezine üyelere göre, tamamı Belediye ait ve belediyenin hissesinin bulunduğu parsellere, bina türlerine göre (apartman, gecekondu, site, işyeri, kamu kurumu, vb) tematik haritalardır.

Accessing the infrastructure networks, the urban concentrations, the commercial and other activities or key locations is considered by the spatial planners a significant and sensitive variable for the territorial analysis. The spatial policies are determined today by the principals of equal and balanced distribution of human resources and activities, as well as by the systematic study of territorial disparities in the deepest territorial analysis detail level possible. The traditional calculative methods of accessibility indicators do not take into ...

Entre 1880 y 1916, el ferrocarril constituyó un factor clave en la configuración demográfica y territorial de gran parte de la Argentina. En Bahía Blanca, ciudad localizada al SO de Buenos Aires, el ferrocarril ha desempeñado un rol decisivo en el desarrollo de la ciudad y, actualmente, el acervo patrimonial ferroportuario e industrial con que cuenta reviste gran importancia. En este trabajo se presenta un inventario de 67 sitios de interés patrimonial con el objetivo de describirlos como así también, estimar su grado de deterioro y el estado de conservación. Por otro lado, se presenta un sistema, basado en SIG, que hemos diseñado para la gestión patrimonial con el objetivo de impulsar la puesta en valor del patrimonio como recurso cultural, social y económico.

El desarrollo de las pantallas hasta la actualidad. SE HA EXPANDIDO EL CONCEPTO DEL CINE Y ASÍ LA MANERA EN QUE EL ARTE A TRUCADO LO QUE SABEMOS DE LA REALIDAD. OBSERVANDO LA TÉCNICA DEL VIDEO MAPPING VISUALIZO LOS ANTECEDENTES E INFLUENCIAS EN LA HISTORIA DEL ARTE REFLEXIONANDO CÓMO SE EXPANDIERON LAS PANTALLAS HASTA PROYECTARSE HOY A TRAVÉS DEL MAPPING EN EL SUBCONSCIENTE ¿EL MAPPING PUEDE ENGAÑAR AL CEREBRO? EL VIDEO MAPPING, UNA TÉCNICA ACTUAL Y QUE ESTÁ COBRANDO FUERZA EN CAMPOS COMO LA PUBLICIDAD, EL ESPECTÁCULO Y OTRAS VERTIENTES MÁS TECNOLÓGICAS YA LO ESTÁN UTILIZANDO Y EXPLOTANDO TODAS SUS POSIBILIDADES. EL INTERÉS DE ESTA TÉCNICA RESIDE EN LO IMPACTANTE DE LA MISMA, LO RECIENTE QUE ES, TODO LO QUE SE ESTÁ HACIENDO CON ELLA Y, A PESAR DE TODO ELLO, LA CARENCIA DE UNA BASE TEÓRICA SÓLIDA QUE SEA CAPAZ DE CLASIFICAR LAS DISTINTAS VERSIONES. PODER DISTINGUIR A TRAVEZ DE LA HISTORIA DEL ARTE ANTECEDENTES QUE HAN DADO PAUTAS ESTÉTICAS ES EL OBJETIVO DE ESTE ENSAYO Y ASÍ CONTRIBUIR A VER DIFERENCIADAMENTE LAS DISTINTAS OBRAS EN EL FUTURO. LA MAYORÍA DE LA INFORMACIÓN QUE SE PUEDE ENCONTRAR EN CIRCULACIÓN RESIDE EN NOTAS DE BLOGS DE OPINIÓN O FOROS, ENTREVISTAS AISLADAS Y RESULTA DIFÍCIL DAR CON ESTUDIOS ACADÉMICOS QUE TRATEN EL VIDEO MAPPING. AUNQUE CADA VEZ SE ESTÁ VIENDO MÁS CON ESTA TÉCNICA, UN GRAN NÚMERO DE PERSONAS AÚN NO DISTINGUE LO QUE ES EL VIDEO MAPPING DE UNA PROYECCIÓN GIGANTE NORMAL O INSTALACION. POR ESO, ESTE ESTUDIO INDAGA EN LA ANTESALA QUE FAVORECIÓ SU DESARROLLO ESTÉTICO, CATALOGÁNDO OBRAS , MOVIMIENTOS ARTÍSTICOS Y ESTUDIANDO SUS CARACTERÍSTICAS COMUNES CON EL VIDEO MAPPING ACTUAL, QUE LO PUEDAN LLEGAR A IDENTIFICAR MOSTRANDO SUS ANTECEDENTES E INFLUENCIAS CREATIVAS.

The high-resolution layers (HRLs) are land cover maps produced for the entire Italian territory (approximately 30 million hectares) in 2012 by the European Environment Agency, aimed at monitoring soil imperviousness and natural cover, such as forest, grassland, wetland, and water surface, with a high spatial resolution of 20 m. This study presents the  methodologies developed for the production, verification, and enhancement of the HRLs in Italy. The innovative approach is mainly based on (a) the use of available reference data for the enhancement process, (b) the reduction of the manual work of operators by using a  semiautomatic
approach, and (c) the overall increase in the cost-efficiency in relation to the
production and updating of land cover maps. The results show the reliability of these
methodologies in assessing and enhancing the quality of the HRLs. Finally, an integration of
the individual layers, represented by the HRLs, was performed in order to produce a National
High-Resolution Land Cover map.