Land Administration and Land Information Management

This paper examines spontaneous construction of new housing in Obuasi, the largest gold mining town in Ghana after its closure in 2014. Obuasi has become spatially different as more new luxury houses have been developed by the former miners over a relatively short period without coordination. The paper explores the role of lump sum severance packages received from industrial collapse on housing. Using in-depth interviews with former miners who have built their houses after the mine closure, the reasons for the use of the severance packages to build and thoughts behind the choices of housing typologies have been discussed. This paper established that the former workers built their new houses with their take-home money to overcome the bottlenecks in the formal housing finance market and to fulfil continuity of "good-living" privileges previously enjoyed for working and living in the gold mines. The paper concludes that industrial workers should be provided livelihood options training before they are laid off from their respective employments.

The coast of the southern coast of Yogyakarta is an area that has a tsunami hazard, tidal waves and abrasion. This study aims to find out how adaptation and land use in the coastal areas of Depok Beach, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research method is carried out qualitatively, data obtained from image interpretation and field observation. The research was conducted through spatial analysis and presented descriptively. The results of the study show that the pattern of community adaptation is demonstrated through use and utilization by considering aspects of the disaster. The results of the study show that land use on the coast of Depok Beach is in the form of business premises, land for reforestation and land for sand dune preservation. Optimizing coastal management and utilization managed independently by the community is able to increase economic value, create jobs so that people's welfare increases. The role of the government in regulating the direction of coastal land use and public awareness is able to keep coastal ecosystems sustainable. Mentoring by the government, capital assistance and various trainings for community businesses and cooperatives on Depok coast are able to increase the capacity of communities to manage and utilize coastal areas in a sustainable manner.

What is Information Management?
Information management is a field of expertise, a business function responsible for managing information through the lifecycle irrespective of source or format enabling organisations to capture, manage, store, register, classify, deliver, and dispose through preservation or destruction. The question I often hear is: “Who is responsible for proper managing of information?! It is not our concern but records & information managers’?!”  The simple answer to this would be:

“Information Managers and Employees are Responsible to Capture and Manage Information Properly”

Since data and information are of great business importance, they should be considered as any other organisation’s asset. The responsibility of managing assets isn’t only organizational responsibility but personal too. This principle should be accepted across the board, from senior management downwards, or else any proposed information governance will simply be a letter on a paper.  All employees are responsible to capture and manage information properly and reliably. This is achievable by adopting the above-mentioned principle of clear policy that effectively provides staff-members with orientation on the importance of information. To fortify and implement this standard get records and information management into organsiation’s Strategic and Corporate Plans, followed by proper information management training, focusing on theoretical and technical information management aspects...

- Difference between data and information.
- What is Information Management?
- Who is responsible to capture and manage Information properly?
- The Value of Information.
- What is Information Governance (IG).
- IM Mission and Vision.
- Information Management Strategy, IM Project Roadmap.

Infrastructure development often has an impact on land use changes. This study aims to map the impact of Balige bypass road construction on land use changes and analyze its suitability with spatial planning. The research method was carried out through descriptive qualitative with a spatial approach. The data includes Sentinel images for 2017 and 2021, maps of the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) and interviews with government officials. Image analysis is carried out visually, while mapping of land use changes is carried out through overlaying land use maps for 2017 and 2021 and to map the suitability of the RTRW, overlaying land use maps with the RTRW. The results of the analysis show that after the road construction there was a change in land use from rice fields to settlements covering an area of 103.27 Ha. Meanwhile, an analysis of the RTRW shows that there is a mismatch in the use of a land area of 47.2 Ha. This study shows that the use of remote sensing through sentinel imagery and...

This paper presents the current status of land information management system in Uganda, the different problems faced with the system and the practical solutions to the problems. Land is the basic element of development and more especially in developing countries such as Uganda. A good land administration system is a prerequisite for proper land management and information about parcels of land is the basis on which a good land administration and land information system can be built. In this review, we examine issues and problems pertaining to land information management in Uganda. We discuss the roles of various stakeholders, the nature and format of the information and how handling of this information has affected land administration in Uganda. Furthermore, we highlight the various efforts being taken by the government of Uganda in addressing land administration problems. In particular, we examine the current computerisation process and establishment of land information system. Finally, we propose possible solutions to the land information handling problems in Uganda.

This paper re-introduces the concept ‘responsible’ land manage-
ment in the context of territorial rural development. Why it is nec-
essary to have this alternative concept and what it adds to other
existing concepts on land management? It builds on theories of
public administration, politics, planning and social sciences to
conceptualise ‘responsible’ in order to derive a framework with
8 indicators of what could entail ‘responsible’. These 8 indica-
tors allow to diagnose, analyze and assess future or ongoing in-
terventions regarding the degree of responsible land manage-
ment. Based on this initial description further recommendations
are provided of how to conceptualise further, and how to derive
a descriptive, normative, prescriptive, and evaluative framework
for ‘responsible land management’

Improvement in the land registration system is a major challenge faced by many land administration organizations. Although providing cheap, convenient and effective services is the policy of the Government of Nepal, the people are not satisfied from the land administration services. It might have been caused by less emphasis on the user requirements while designing the business process. This study seeks to identify user requirements, design a land registration system based on those requirements and validate it. This is a qualitative type of case study research in which the data are collected from the interview, observation and documents and analyzed using descriptive method. The user requirements identified from the case study are discussed in terms of the established cadastral principles, prior knowledge and comparison of the land registration process of other countries. The basic idea for the discussion is derived from the policy and vision of the United Nations Land Administration Guidelines and Cadastre 2014 and other related literature. Based on the discussion, a business process is designed which is verified using the Tecnomatix software and validated using the Assessment Questions. Some conditions for implementation of the proposed process are also presented.

Land Management: -Land management is the process of managing the use and development in both urban and rural settings, of land resources. Land resources are used for a variety of purposes which may include  Organic agriculture,  Reforestation,  Water resource management  Eco-tourism projects.

The Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) as a strategic program of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning / National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) has problems. One of the problems is the identif ication related to data on land plots that are already certif ied (Cluster-4 / K-4) but not yet entered into the Geospatial Database of the Land Off ice (Geo-KKP). This study aims to accelerate the data collection of Cluster-4,so that land parcels data that has been certif ied are integrated into the Geo-KKP appropriately and correctly. The improvement method of the potential areas of Cluster-4 was carried out through a survey of land plots that had previously been certif ied by the Prona in Sif nana Village. Data analysis was carried out spatially through an analog map overlay along with the results of f ield surveys with Geo-KKP data to obtain spatially integrated land registration data. The results of the study show that land parcels mapping through land survey data is able to accelerate the process of identifying the K-4 and encourage the realization of a Complete Village. The acceleration of land parcels mapping through land survey data is also able to provide clarity on the unmapped land parcels data to support the planning of PTSL activities in 2020.

The Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) as a strategic program of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning / National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) has problems. One of the problems is the identif ication related to data on land plots that are already certif ied (Cluster-4 / K-4) but not yet entered into the Geospatial Database of the Land Off ice (Geo-KKP). This study aims to accelerate the data collection of Cluster-4,so that land parcels data that has been certif ied are integrated into the Geo-KKP appropriately and correctly. The improvement method of the potential areas of Cluster-4 was carried out through a survey of land plots that had previously been certif ied by the Prona in Sif nana Village. Data analysis was carried out spatially through an analog map overlay along with the results of f ield surveys with Geo-KKP data to obtain spatially integrated land registration data. The results of the study show that land parcels mapping through land survey data is able to accelerate the process of identifying the K-4 and encourage the realization of a Complete Village. The acceleration of land parcels mapping through land survey data is also able to provide clarity on the unmapped land parcels data to support the planning of PTSL activities in 2020.

Administrasi pertanahan merupakan suatu usaha dan manajemen yang berkaitan dengan penyelenggaraan kebijaksanaan pemerintah di bidang pertanahan dengan mengerahkan sumber daya untuk mencapai tujuan sesuai dengan ketentuan perundangan-perundangan yang berlaku. Dengan demikian maka administrasi pertanahan merupakan bagian dari Administrasi Negara.

Tujuan pembangunan di bidang pertanahan adalah menciptakan kemakmuran dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat. Pencapaian tujuan tersebut dilaksanakan dengan pengelolaan pertanahan dan pengembangan administrasi pertanahan. Untuk dibuatlah keputusan presiden No. 7 tahun 1979 tentang catur tertib pertanahan.

Masalah paling mendasar yang dihadapi bidang pertanahan adalah suatu kenyataan bahwa persediaan tanah selalu terbatas sedangkan kebutuhan manusia akan tanah selalu meningkat.
Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan tanah adalah :
1. Pertumbuhan penduduk
2. Meningkatnya kebuuhan akan ruang sebagai akibat peningkatan kualitas hidup.
3. Meningkatnya fungsi kota terhadap daerah sekitarnya.
4. Terbatasnya persediaan tanah yang langsung dapat dikuasai atau dimanfaatkan.
5. Meningkatkan pembangunan.
Dengan kondisi tersebut maka pengaturan terhadap tanah sangat dibutuhkan dan disinilah administrasi pertanahan memegang peranan yang sangat penting.

In Ethiopia land is a major socio-economic asset. Nearly 89 percent of the population in Amhara region resides in the rural areas and predominately engaged in small scale and subsistence agriculture which accounts 55.8 percent of the Regional GDP. Natural factors coupled with human factors resulted in an alarming land and other natural resource degradation in the region. These problems are thought to be exacerbated by tenure insecurity and lack of proper land administration system which deals with this issue. With a strong conviction of the existence of alarming natural resource degradation, the Amhara National Regional State (ANRS) asserts the tenure security argument as an important incentive and policy principle for designing a sound land management and land administration system. To this commitment, the Regional government has under taken policy, institutional, and legal reforms since 2000. The rural land registration and certification exercise is, therefore, dedicated to assure tenure security of user rights of rural land holders. This operation has combined with endeavours in combating the alarming land degradation problem through proper land management and environmental protection for sustainable development all over the Region.
The aim of this paper is to assess and evaluate the rural land registration and land information system in Amhara region from land administration point of view. Whereby the paper has attempted to show what are the good practices and performance gaps and suggests as to how the system could be more efficient, reliable and adaptable to new circumstances. A descriptive approach is mainly employed to attain the study objectives. Both primary and secondary data are used as sources of information. Primary data are generated through focus group discussions with members of Kebele Land Administration committee (KLAC), interview with farmers and Woreda land administration staffs in the field. Reviews of different policy documents, relevant legislations, system development and implementation reports are used to generate secondary data. Besides, conceptual evaluation model is also employed to identify the good practices and performance gaps of the system. The study has addressed policy issues, institutional arrangements, responsibilities and coordination, legal frameworks and enforceability, technical issues like data acquisition, maintenance and updating, safety and security, and information dissemination.
The research has concluded that the development of this new system is a welcome operation among different potential stakeholders in the region. EPLAUA’s strategy to address tenure insecurity problem through an innovative and pro-poor approach has significantly considered as good practice of the system. Besides, the process of reviewing and amending the previous land administration law is timely done, though some basic by-laws are not enacted to date. This shows that the iterative nature of the system by which it attempted to accommodate new demands of potential stakeholders. However, some of the principles of effective legal frameworks stated in the legislations and the reality on the ground did not match. On the other hand, the research has shown that there is a serious lack of coordination and communication among the responsible organs at all level though at the lower is worsening. Even if successful land registration and LIS would require the assumption of a very heavy, and often thankless, coordination of responsibilities between different stakeholders, EPLAUA was seemed either hesitant to take the lead to establish a smooth coordination and communication among different stakeholders or unable to do so. Besides, the land policy and land registration objectives and principle of LIS, the responsibilities of each separate entity which deals with rural land is not well publicized for the general public, closely monitored, and followed up.

As a recommendation the following particulars shall be given due consideration by the concerned body so that the system could be more efficient, reliable and adaptable to new circumstances. Stakeholders’ participation in policy formulation should be encouraged since this enables to strengthen the dialogue and mutual trust among the various actors and between the actors and the institution. The decentralised organizational arrangement of EPLAUA should be strengthened by giving ultimate autonomy and adequate financial support at all level. EPLAUA shall take the lead and organize an independent forum at Regional level so as to encourage dialogue and develop mutual trust and cooperation between different potential stakeholders. The process of legal reform related to rural land would consider and reflect the four basic principles of effective legal framework on one hand, and the coordination and consideration of effects on provisions on other related laws on the other hand. It should also be respected and implemented accordingly. Otherwise, the promised tenure security would be jeopardise or in vain. Last but not least, the land policy, land registration objectives and principle of LIS, and the responsibilities of each separate entity which deals with rural land should be well publicized for the general public, closely monitored, and followed up. EPLAUA shall give due attention and do the necessary measure regarding the maintaining and updating of the registry urgently.

The management of West African cities is problematic nowadays: uncontrolled urban sprawl, insufficient basic services, and land insecurity. Yet, major reforms had been put in place with the assistance of international aid to enhance the effectiveness of urban management; which seems to have failed. Going beyond this policy failure statement, the present dissertation aims at understanding how “managing the city” takes place in the particular context of West Africa. The implementation of the Urban Land Registry (RFU), a municipal and multi-purpose land information system that has been put in place in Benin through development programmes in the early 1990s, is the lens through which urban management is examined. Urban management is then studied through the actions taken rather than through the discourses.
With a socio-anthropological approach, the implementation of the instrument is analysed from the stakeholders’ perspectives and according to a double analysis grid. On the one hand, the analysis aims at understanding the local appropriation of the RFU inside public administrations; and on the other hand, its aims at comprehending the interaction of the RFU with the territory, in particular with the complex dynamics of access to the land and land security. A multiple case study was conducted in three municipalities: Cotonou, Porto-Novo, and Bohicon.
This study led to two main conclusions. First, the RFU is recognized as the key instrument of local taxation, but it is minimally implemented. This particular functioning is an optimal adaptation to a context made of: 1) professional rivalries in a compartmentalized administration, 2) political and financial stakes related to different sources of local revenues, and 3) political and institutional tensions provoked by the late decentralisation. Then, the RFU’s impacts in terms of national professional capacities are insufficient to reform urban management from inside municipal administration.
Second, a key function of the RFU that is centralizing information on presumed landowners is impeded by the commodification of land information and by the territorialisation of land regulatory modes. This affects the implementation of the RFU as it takes part in this land information market, but with little success; and its impact is differentiated according to the ‘land regulation territory’ it applies.
Finally, ‘managing the city’ in Benin is not an automatic task, even with the introduction of management instruments such as the RFU. Administration and politics continue to shape municipal policies, and the pluralistic city is managed in a differentiated manner. To the designers of public action (policies), this dissertation encourages to take into account existing regulation modes in African societies, even if they are multiple and complex, and it recognises the singular process of institution building in Africa.

ABSTRACT
It has been recognised that the process of conducting land transactions with government in Nigeria is generally expensive, time consuming, burdensome and complex (Otubu, 2004). Thus, in spite of the power vested on the Governor of each State (Land Use Act, 2004, Chapter 202), many states in the country however, do not administer lands effectively because of the analogue procedures involved. According to Acharya (2009), the wise use of Geo-ICT (Geographic information and Communication Technology) will fast-track service delivery to land owners seeking to register and obtain Certificates of Occupancy of land properties, conduct searches and process Governor’s consent to subsequent transactions. The other benefits include huge revenue for the state through lease, transfer, taxation, mortgaging and ground rents paid for these services.
In Kaduna State, an e-government policy initiative has resulted in the establishment of KADGIS—Kaduna Geographic Information Systems. The objective is to strengthen good governance by developing a digital system of cadastral records for land administration and provision of additional geospatial data and services. This thesis investigates how and to what extent Geo-ICT is used in the digital, computerised land administration and good governance in Kaduna State in particular with lessens for Nigeria general.

Key Words: Geo-ICT, GIS, Land Administration and Geospatial data

This study examined land information system and land registration in Kampala and Wakiso land offices. There were concerns that the land registration process was slow and marred with fraud which motivated this study. The specific objectives of this study were: to examine the influence of record creation on land registration; to determine the effect of record maintenance on land registration and to investigate the influence of record disposal on land registration in Kampala and Wakiso land offices. The study adopted a case study research design with a sample size of 75 respondents. Data were collected using documentary review, questionnaire survey and interview methods. The study found a very strong and positive correlation between record creation and record maintenance and a moderately strong and positive correlation between record disposition and land registration with Pearson correlation coefficient rho, of 0.746, 0.873 and 0.494 respectively. The study also found that record creation and record maintenance had a very strong and positive influence while record disposition had a moderately strong and positive influence on land registration. All the variables were statistically significant at 99% confidence level. The study concluded that for any IS programme aimed at enhancing land registration, deliberate efforts should be placed on record creation, maintenance and deposition as they significantly influenced land registration. The study recommended training in information systems management, development and maintenance of uniform file indexing system, provision of safe record storage and development and adoption of a record tracking system in land offices.

The processes of mobilization of land for infrastructures of public and private domain are developed according to proper legal frameworks and systematically confronted with the impoverished national situation as regards the cadastral identification and regularization, which leads to big inefficiencies, sometimes with very negative impact to the overall effectiveness.
This project report describes Ferbritas Cadastre Information System (FBSIC) project and tools, which in conjunction with other applications, allow managing the entire life-cycle of Land Acquisition and Cadastre, including support to field activities with the integration of information collected in the field, the development of multi-criteria analysis information, monitoring all information in the exploration stage, and the automated generation of outputs.
The benefits are evident at the level of operational efficiency, including tools that enable process integration and standardization of procedures, facilitate analysis and quality control and maximize performance in the acquisition, maintenance and management of registration information and expropriation (expropriation projects). Therefore, the implemented system achieves levels of robustness, comprehensiveness, openness, scalability and reliability suitable for a structural platform.
The resultant solution, FBSIC, is a fit-for-purpose cadastre information system rooted in the field of railway infrastructures.
FBSIC integrating nature of allows: to accomplish present needs and scale to meet future services; to collect, maintain, manage and share all information in one common platform, and transform it into knowledge; to relate with other platforms; to increase accuracy and productivity of business processes related with land property management.

Rapport de recherche réalisé dans le cadre du projet mobilisateur « Appui à l’élaboration des politiques foncières » piloté par le Comité technique foncier et développement de la coopération française (Agence Française de Développement et Ministère français des affaires étrangères et européennes)

Mots clés : Information foncière, Politiques et droits, Urbain et habitat. Bénin.

The "International Conference on Spatial Data Infrastructures & Spatial
Information Management 2013" was held during November 13-16, in FON
University, Skopje. The Annual FIG Commission 3 Workshop and Meeting
was joined by 'FIG Task Force on Property and Housing' (FIG-TF-PH) and
'South-East European Research Institute on Geo-Sciences' (Geo-SEE
Institute) to form the first International Conference on Spatial Data
Infrastructures (SDIs) and Spatial Information Management (SIM).
The main focus of the conference is the development and use of spatial data
through SDI and SIM Systems, together with relevant aspects, such as
technology, criteria and standards for organizing and sharing spatial data.
The realization of the European INSPIRE directive in the countries of South
East Europe is an important part of the conference.
The conference brought together stakeholders interested in the development
and use of spatial data, focusing on the region of South-East Europe.
Participants from all over the world contributed with their research and
experience. Scientist, researchers, industry and data owners from public or
private sector contribute to increased understanding and awareness of spatial
data in the region, and to the identification of new ways of their
implementation and use.
Participation of professionals from all over the world, especially from
European countries in the conference, shared their experiences in developing
and using spatial data in their countries. Through scientific and practical
solutions presented by the participants (scientific institutions-researchers,
governmental and private sector organizations), and fruitful discussions and
papers, methodologies and ways are put forward, which helped finding
alternatives and solutions for developing spatial data in the region, and
internationally, for special purposes and applications.

This paper aims at expounding on the land administration domain model to bring understanding of the related concepts to the subject. It looks critically at the august and robust subject of land administration and the essence for establishing the land administration domain model (LADM). It gives response to whys which arise concerning the adoption of LADM and its relevance in countries with complex tenure system such as those with duo tenure system like Tanzania including informal.

The last few decades has witnessed an increasing demand for Cadastral or Parcel- based Information as a result of the                    increasing human interaction on land for occupation and settlement. Also, land transaction has continue to generated serious tension and unnecessary conflict in various quarters, among interest groups and professionals because of the importance attached to this commodity as the source and means of livelihood. Over the years, the manual method of data handling has dominated cadastral information management in a disjointed manner among various departments, parastatals within the state. It is however, becoming feasible that this manual method of handling cadastral information can no longer cope with the increasing demand and requirements of users of such information. Hence there is a need for a well-coordinated approach to managing cadastral information. Accurate cadastral information is indispensable not only for effective planning and distribution of basic amenities, but for proper revenue collection by the state, security of ownership and control over land. The technology of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have become the most effective option for handling spatial problems and an indispensable tool for planning and distribution of resources, land assessment and analysis and above all, for efficient parcel-based information management. GIS has grown up to automate the manipulation and integration of spatial data files. It also permits the integration of numerous data sets into a composite one for spatial search, database query and trend analysis. By employing a case study approach, this paper discusses the concept of cadastral and cadastral information systems; the present status of cadastral in Bayelsa State and a strategy for implementing a GIS oriented cadastral information systems. The benefits of the system are highlighted and the implications for policy development.

This paper describes three copies of an estate map produced at intervals of roughly one century, the first being created in the early 17th. Century. The motives for the creation of the maps are discussed as is the nature of innovations in management information systems that they represent. Issues concerning the need for maps are raised prefiguring the discussion in the next paper in the series which will examine the technologies that the maps replaced and the reasons why they did.

Sub-Sahara Africa is characterized with land ownership which bestows no particular wealth on the holder because substantial portion of land is transacted in an informal market. Manual system of land titling registration is not only time consuming, prone to corruption and cost intensive but also robs the land-owners the full enjoyment of the potential value of their properties and erodes the government revenue generation through tax avoidance as reveals by this paper. Adoption of GIS/LIS tools in land titling registration will not only bring effectiveness in land administration and management but will go a long way in ensuring the reaping of maximum benefit from land by individual owners and boosting the real estate revenue base of the various tiers of government. This paper focuses on the operation of Abuja Geographic Information System AGIS and other major stakeholders while utilizes extensively the World Bank data on Doing Business. For easy presentation, the paper is divided into five sections covering introduction, literature review, data presentation/analysis, recommendations and conclusions. The paper recommends the establishment of National Land Commission and reviewing of Land Use Act as major ways for the effective operation of GIS/LIS in our land administration system in order to achieve urgent economic transformation being needed in Nigeria.

The  study  examined  landlords'  perception  of  Estate  Surveyors  and  Valuers  as property  managers  in  Awka,  Anambra  State.  The  study  addressed  the  following  objectives:  to examine  landlords'  perception  of  Estate  Surveyors  and  Valuers  as  property  managers  in  the  study area,  to  examine  landlords'  perception  of  lawyers  and  other  non-professionals  as  property managers  in  the  study  area  and,  to  determine  the  extent  to  which  landlord's  in  the  study  area  are informed  about  the  professional  roles  of  Estate  Surveyors  and  Valuers  as  property  managers.  The study  made  use  of  well-structured  questionnaires  as  its  primary  source  of  data.  A  total  of  150 questionnaires  were  distributed  out  of  which  a  total  of  102  were  retrieved.  The  data  collected  were duly  presented  in  frequency  and  percentage  tables  and  analyzed  using  the  Chi-square  test  method to  validate  the  hypotheses.  The  study  revealed  that  landlords  in  Awka  perceive  Estate  Surveyors and  Valuers  as  trained  professionals  in  the  field  of  property  management.  However,  they  also perceive  lawyers  as  property  managers  and  prefer  them  to  manage  their  properties.  Estate Surveyors  and  Valuers  are  therefore  enjoined  to  enlighten  the  public  more  on  who  Estate Surveyors  and  Valuers  are  and  their  functions  using  varous  platforms  such  as  social  and  other electronic  media  platforms,  articles  and  journals;  shun  all  forms  of  professional  misconduct  which can  lead  to  distrust  and  doubts  on  their  professional  competence  and  also  the  Nigerian  Institution of  Estate  Surveyors  and  Valuers  (NIESV)  and  the  Estate  Surveyors  and  Valuers  Registration  Board of  Nigeria  (ESVARBON)  should  reduce  the  rigorous  processes  required  for  one  to  become  a professional  Estate  Surveyor  and  Valuer,  as  the  number  of  professionals  in  practice  still  leaves much to be desired.

In the light of the global discussion on reducing public and private expenditure on cadastral processes and services, this
article reviews the transaction costs of land registration, based on data gathered in Namibia. The data show a large differentiation in the types of costs incurred in the process, as well as various levels of cost recovery. In addition, the
degree to which delays in the operational registration processes influence the total cost to land developers and landowners is reviewed.

In order to uplift the economy of the low-income people in Namibia, the Government of Namibia
investigated alternative forms of land tenure aimed at uplifting the socio-economic status of the
lowest income sectors of the community. The Ministry of Lands and Resettlement launched the
lands project to look for innovative solutions to this challenge. An approach referred to as
"Flexible Land Tenure System (FLTS) for Namibia" was developed, which will be debated in
parliament soon, aimed at providing simpler, more affordable and faster forms of secure tenure to
low income communities in the country and to urban informal settlement residents in particular.
According to the flexible land tenure bill of 2006, it is anticipated that municipalities, town councils
and village councils are responsible for monitoring and overseeing the process of the flexible land
tenure system to be carried out by the Local Property Offices (LPO) to be established in various
regions, this is also in accordance with the local authority act of 1992.
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are used increasingly in variety of application areas. The
possibilities to increase the accuracy and to create combinations of all kinds of information
sources are available through the GIS technology, the FLTS data is no exception in all this.

Land registration is a useful land information system practised in almost all modern nations. It is also true that many land registration systems fail due to a number of reasons. This article investigates whether the land registration system in Ethiopia has given due attention to sound land governance components which are critical for the success of any land registration system. Doctrinal and content analysis of legislative documents of Ethiopia is applied to this end. Desk review of relevant secondary material was also used. The article discusses the general role of good governance in such systems and shows the benefits of a land registration system that is exercised under good governance. A conceptual framework is used by which the land registration governance system of Ethiopia is weighed. I argue that the land registration system of Ethiopia has major gaps of land governance. Good land governance in land registration of the country could be enhanced by the provision of adequate legislative and policy framework, effective land registration institutional organs and efficient processes for the enforcement of the system.

Ethiopia has embarked on one of the largest digitalization programs for rural land registration in Africa. The program is called the national rural land administration information system (NRLAIS). Over the past couple of years, NRLAIS was rolled-out and made operational in over 180 woredas (districts). There is, however, limited empirical evidence on whether and to what extent NRLAIS has been successful. This study explores the factors that influence the acceptance and actual use of NRLAIS to gauge its operational success in Ethiopia. Data were collected both from primary and secondary sources using surveys, key informant interviews, and a literature review. Survey data were collected from 201 staff of 50 woreda land administration offices in three regional states (Amhara, Oromia, and SNNP) and analyzed using a structural equation model. The results revealed that system quality, information quality, service quality, and perceived usefulness of NRLAIS have positively and significantly influenced the acceptance and actual use of the system. However, perceived ease of use has an insignificant influence. The predictive relevance of the research model is significant and indicates substantial operational success of NRLAIS. The quick acceptance and use of NRLAIS will likely improve service delivery, promote data integration, and strengthen informed decision-making. The study recommends strengthening behavioral changes of the land administration experts through two enhanced service quality measures—technical and operational capacity to a robust and sustainable digitalization. Policymakers could leverage operational success to upgrade the NRLAIS into a unified national land registration information system that bridges the urban-rural land governance divide.

On the second day of the 2016 EROPA Conference, a total of 23 papers dealing with the three conference sub-themes (Innovative, Inclusive and Integrity-Based) were presented in 11 concurrent sessions. Most of the presentations looked into best practices and innovations in public service delivery from different local governments and national government agencies, which could serve as benchmark for other state and governance institutions to emulate. Cause-and-effect studies linking good governance with institutional factors as well as public service and leadership values were also presented. A few presentations dealt with case studies highlighting successes and challenges in public sector collaboration in the context of information and communications technology (ICT) developments. Finally, studies that seek to improve ethical standards in public service, particularly in terms of compliance and enforcement, were also featured during the sessions.

This study aims to analyze changes in land use and social conditions of the community that occur due to land acquisition for the construction of railway facilities and infrastructure in Tanete Rilau District. The research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods to determine the social impact of the community, while spatial analysis was to map changes in land use. Data collection was carried out through interviews with key respondents, observation and interpretation of Sentinel imagery in 2015 and 2021. Overlay analysis of land use maps from 2015 to 2021 was carried out to map land use changes. The results showed that the construction of railway facilities and infrastructure had an impact on the reduction of agricultural land, namely 37.77 hectares of rice fields and 12.40 hectares of dry fields. The development also has implications for the declining quality of the environment, even causing floods. The impact of the development also changes the social conditions of the community, including the change of job functions, the decline in farmers' arable land and the limited transportation network due to the construction of railroads. The development also results in changes in morphology and disruption of the irrigation system which has implications for the accumulation of water/puddles on agricultural land. This condition causes farmers to experience crop failure. Unplanned impact mitigation since the beginning of development has implications for the decline in social conditions of the community and environmental degradation.

El presente documento describe una aplicación práctica de la herramienta (plug in) que estructura el Modelo de Dominio de la Tenencia Social-STDM, desarrollada a partir de 2008 a través de una asociación entre GLTN/UN-HABITAT y la Universidad Twente de los Países Bajos, bajo la supervisión y revisión de la Federación Internacional de Geometras-FIG. El STDM tiene como objetivo de cerrar la brecha que existía entre los sistemas convencionales de gestión de la tierra, pasando a incluir las ocupaciones informales. Surgió como complemento del Modelo para el Ámbito de la Administración del Territorio (Land Administration Domain Model-LADM) desarrollado para apoyar de la administración convencional, dando juntos continuidad a los derechos, restricciones y responsabilidades sobre la tierra. El LADM es un modelo compatible con los distintos sistemas catastrales existentes, que de una manera flexible y modular contempla tanto los componentes administrativos/legales cuanto los componentes espaciales/topográficos de la administración de la tierra. Surgió para proporcionar seguridad en la tenencia, pero como gran parte de los derechos sociales no corresponden a derechos de propiedad, había un espacio vacante, el cual pasó a ser llenado por el STDM, el cual tiene como objetivo administrar las relaciones informales. La herramienta que estructura el STDM posibilita desarrollar ejercicios prácticos orientados a estructurar las relaciones persona-tierra, independientemente del nivel de formalidad, legalidad y precisión técnica de la jurisdicción. Basado en una arquitectura cliente/servidor, el plug in fue desarrollado utilizando software libre y de código abierto. Escrito en lenguaje de programación Python, el cliente es un complemento de software QGIS, un sistema de información geográfica, y el servidor es la base de datos PostgreSQL, con la extensión espacial PostGIS. Desde el sitio web de GLTN se puede descargar el paquete que contiene el software mencionado, con un script preparado para la instalación y creación de la base de datos vinculada a QGIS. Es posible concluir que el STDM y la herramienta pueden usarse en cualquier país, configurarse de acuerdo con las especificidades locales y, si necesario, personalizarse y mejorarse teniendo disponible su código fuente. En este caso, su desarrollo materializó el concepto inicial de STDM de hacer que el sistema de administración territorial sea más flexible y con documentación muy completa, tornándose una poderosa herramienta de gestión del territorio. La experiencia relatada en este documento corresponde a la integración del LADM propuesto para la ciudad de Florianópolis, y su complemento STDM para las áreas informales. Los resultados son alentadores, concluyendo que el plug in es completo y requiere adaptaciones mínimas para los casos estudiados.

The acquisition of parcels of land without commensurate development is often evident in and around urban settlements. Meanwhile, the need for immediate physical housing construction is critical because housing deficit is persistent. This study investigates organised real estate developers' land acquisition activities and housing development constraints in Lagos fringe areas. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for the study. From the population of 251 REDAN members in the southwest zone of Nigeria, only 141 members (56%) on the list were found to be practising with their offices within the study areas. 31 land bureau officers were also surveyed. The study employed mean item score (MIS), standard deviation, frequency and principal component factor analysis (PCFA) to identify the most critical factors considered as constraints to new housing development. Finding shows that the major activities carried out on land are farming, land banking and safeguarding land from encroachers and land thieves. It was also evident that only about one-third of the land acquired was used for physical housing construction. The study discovered evidence of rigorous title processing and planning approval; very slow title documentation and re-acquisition of land with Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) by the government through the application of Land Use Act mechanism. Further findings revealed two major themed-principal components that revolve around institutional factors and inconsistency in government policy and regulations. The study recommends that the government should remove policies and regulations which serve as impediments to timely land documentation especially in instances of re-acquisition of land already bought by developers for the overriding public interest. This is very daunting for private developers and investments. Hence, the need for innovative land institutions to enhance the sustainable framework for land reform dynamics. This is inevitable in a growing African megacity.

Describing, analyzing and interpreting land policy and land governance is complex. This has two fundamental reasons: first, the domain of 'land' is often ambiguous. Multiple actors look at land and treat land matters in different ways. Secondly, the methodologies and tools employed to describe, measure and analyze the governance are both diverse and highly pragmatic. They are not rooted in theories or tools of public governance. This article posits that there is a need to develop a theory of meta-governance of land. As 'Land' is a thematic field which cuts across different other domains, and as a consequence there are different types of governance system acting upon land simultaneously. A true understanding of 'land' probably requires a transdisciplinary approach, a metagovernance, i.e. a governance of governance networks with new concepts, constructs and methods. The approach to develop such a theory is twofold: first a selection of public governance literature helps to derive a description of the core resources of governance and of meta-governance. These elements are translated into the thematic field of land with examples from Ethiopia. After this, a number of core starting points of land meta-governance are derived by a basic Q methodological analysis, which gathers and categorizes basic operant belief systems within a community. This analysis relied on a selection of statements out of a generic land governance discourse and an associated Q sorting and Q analysis process, derived from stakeholders in Ethiopia and Asia to derive 4 principle belief systems on land governance. The combination of the core elements of land meta-governance and core principle belief systems within the discourse of land provide the corner stones or starting points for a theory of land meta-governance.

ABSTRACT
Transparency, accountability, efficiency and fairness are the main features for good governance. It is presently lacking in most of the public sector departments of developing countries. The existing system of land record keeping of agricultural and residential land especially in rural areas is highly unscientific. Centuries old drawings produced with inaccurate survey methods and drawn on piece of cloth are kept by a very low level employee. He can abuse his powers due to lack of knowledge by the common/illiterate people. Land grabbing mafia uses them to misuse the property of poor/weak people. In order to know about the owner of a piece of land we have to dig the record kept in files, which are not accessible to every body. The record keeping and land transactions are therefore not transparent; it leads to inefficiency, misuse of powers (unfairness) by the land management staff and corruption without any accountability.
Technology can resolve this problem. Land Information System (LIS), a computer software can provide complete information about any piece of land with location, sizes, owner‟s information etc. LIS is updated, in case of any land transaction/change of tenure. It is also connected to the central data base, which is helpful to implement land reforms, prepare land use plan, raise the state revenues and find the tax evaders etc. Therefore it serves the purposes of good Governance.
The problem areas faced in adoption of LIS have been identified in a case study of public sector organization and there solutions have been suggested.
Key words: Transparency, accountability, efficiency, fairness, good Governance, Land Information System.

The increased disaster events in the last ten years warns all stakeholders about potential hazards. Potential risk to land assets due to disaster affects the needs of fast and accurate land data that only 65% mapped. This study aims to establish an interpretation method and mapping of paddy f ield using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The research uses interpretation method by evidence convergence approach. The result shows that the value of accuracy above the tolerance value, 93.13% for landuse interpretation and 84,21% for land parcel booundary interpretation. It means that the small format aerial photography derived from drone can be used to provide quick and accurate spatial data on paddy f ield land parcel identif ication

Policy paper on enhancing the ongoing updating and review Philippine Land Sector Development Framework 2010-2020.  The paper argues that land as critical and finite resource of the country must not only be treated as a natural or economic asset but as a common patrimony that must be judiciously governed, sustainably managed and inclusively accessed by all citizens.

Ethiopia has embarked on one of the largest digitalization programs for rural land registration in Africa. The program is called the national rural land administration information system (NRLAIS). Over the past couple of years, NRLAIS was rolled-out and made operational in over 180 woredas (districts). There is, however, limited empirical evidence on whether and to what extent NRLAIS has been successful. This study explores the factors that influence the acceptance and actual use of NRLAIS to gauge its operational success in Ethiopia. Data were collected both from primary and secondary sources using surveys, key informant interviews, and a literature review. Survey data were collected from 201 staff of 50 woreda land administration offices in three regional states (Amhara, Oromia, and SNNP) and analyzed using a structural equation model. The results revealed that system quality, information quality, service quality, and perceived usefulness of NRLAIS have positively and significantl...

Klaten Regency is one of the potential food barns in Central Java, but its existence is increasingly threatened because the conversion of agricultural land continues to increase. This study aims to map the potential of sustainable food agricultural reserves (LCP2B) to support the spatial data presentation for the determination of Sustainable food agricultural land (LP2B). The research was conducted through spatial analysis by overlaying the existing land use data with Spatial Planning Map. The results of the study showed that in Klaten District there was 30,703 Ha. or 46.84% of the potential land for LP2B and the potential land for LCP2B location is 6,877 Ha or 10.49% so that the potential area of LP2B and LCP2B is 37,580 Ha or 57.33% of the total area of Klaten Regency. Overlay results show that the LP2B Potential Location is appropriate with the RTRW which is 25,413 Ha or 38.77% and the inappropriate is 40,143 Ha or 61.23% of the total area of Klaten Regency. The efforts to protect LP2B in Klaten Regency need to be immediately encouraged through the establishment of Regional Regulations accompanied by complete and accurate spatial data so that the sustainability of increasingly urged food agriculture lands can be realized. Determination of LP2B to prevent the conversion of agricultural land is expected to be able to realize food security and support the sustainability of the livelihoods of most people who work as farmers.

Land management plays an important role in the economic and social development of all countries. Land management has four functions: land  tenure management, land value determination, land use and its development [1]. In developing countries, the four functions of land management vary by political, economic, and social development.
Lack of proper land registration in the land market is one of the challenges that many developing countries face. [2]. One of the reasons for this problem is that land information is not integrated and is maintained by various organizations.
This article focuses on the integration of land information and analyzes the problems of developing a single multi-purpose land - information database based on the experience of developed countries.