Synergy

This article examines the conception of the everyday city as presented in the work of architect Christopher Alexander and architectural theorist Bill Hillier: Both thinkers suggest that, in the past, lively urban places arose unself-consciousty through the routine daily behaviors of many individual users coming together in supportive space and place. In different ways. both thinkers ask whether, today, a similar manner of vital urban district can be made to happen self-conscioustv through explicit understanding transformed into design and policy principles. The aim for both Alexander and Hillier is place-based urban communities marked by lively streets, serendipitous public encounters, and informal sociability. The article begins by examining commonalities and differences in Alexander and Hillier's conceptions of environmental wholeness and urban place. Next. the article considers implications for urban design and, last, indicates the considerable value that the two thinkers' ideas offer environmental philosophy, particularly for understanding environmental wholes.

Based on theory and case studies, the merger literature suggests that the implementation of integration approaches is important for effective postmerger integration. This hypothesis is tested with a relatively large sample by focusing on the fit of the integration approach to the synergy potential of the merged companies and the cultural differences between them. Findings suggest that the fit of the integration approach is positively related to integration effectiveness and mediates its relationship with synergy potential and cultural differences.

Many advertisers adopt the integrated marketing communications perspective that emphasizes the importance of synergy in planning multimedia activities. However, the role of synergy in multimedia communications is not well understood. Thus, the authors investigate the theoretical and empirical effects of synergy by extending a commonly used dynamic advertising model to multimedia environments. They illustrate how advertisers can estimate and infer the effectiveness of and synergy among multimedia communications by applying Kalman filtering methodology. Using market data on Dockers brand advertising, the authors first calibrate the extended model to establish the presence of synergy between television and print advertisements in consumer markets. Second, they derive theoretical propositions to understand the impact of synergy on media budget, media mix, and advertising carryover. One of the propositions reveals that as synergy increases, advertisers should not only increase the media ...

Photocatalysis Sonocatalysis Sonophotocatalysis Synergy Metal oxides a b s t r a c t This work presents experimental data regarding hydrogen production by heterogeneous photocatalysis, sonocatalysis and sonophotocatalysis in water/ethanol solutions. Three new metal oxides solid solutions, LaGa 0.5 In 0.5 O 3 , La 0.8 Ga 0.2 InO 3 and S-doped La 0.8 Ga 0.2 InO 3 (S:La 0.8 Ga 0.2 InO 3 ), have been synthesized and used as catalysts. Their action has been tested in diluted and concentrated suspensions wherein the content of ethanol, acting as sacrificial reagent, has been fixed to 10% in volume. The largest amounts of hydrogen have, always, been achieved from concentrated suspensions and by using S:La 0.8 Ga 0.2 InO 3 as catalyst. Ultrasounds, generated by 38 kHz and 50 W piezoelectric transducer, were more effective than light coming from a 35 W Xe lamp. Moreover, the hybrid action of light and ultrasounds determined a remarkable synergistic effect on the hydrogen production.

Through interview, Dr Carol Gordon, through interview, explores the work of Deborah Ehler-Hansen outlining both her theoretical evaluation of the needs of children in poverty and the ways school libraries can play a role in assisting their learning development. The article refers to a range of valuable further resources.

Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) is an important medicinal plant whose secondary metabolite artemisinin is used for the treatment of cerebral malaria. A study was undertaken to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus mosseae, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus intraradices and two free living nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) (identified as Bacillus subtilis and Stenotrophomonas spp. through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis), inoculated alone or in combinations on the biomass, nutrient uptake, and content of artemisinin in A. annua under glass house conditions. Various parameters like plant height, total plant biomass, NPK content, leaf yield, mycorrhizal colonization, bacterial population in rhizosphere, phosphatase activity and artemisinin content were determined and found to vary with different treatments. Among all the treatments, plants inoculated with G. mosseae + B. subtilis performed better than any other treatment or uninoculated control plants. The results of the experiment clearly indicated the compatibility and synergy between G. mosseae and B. subtilis and suggested the use of this microbial consortium in A. annua for enhancing growth, biomass yield, and the content and yield of artemisinin.

c Advocates of the market for corporate control argue that takeover bids should be accepted because unsuccessful targets tend to lose market value. Other researchers argue that takeover bi& should be rejected because the combined firms often pe#orm poorly. However, missing in this debate is the infzuence of the source of takeover gains on the decision to reject or accept takeover bids. This study posits that value from takeovers can be created by synergy or restructuring. The study suggests that only if the synergy component is dominant should the target firm agree to be taken over. The study then tests the dominance of the source of value in takeovers by examining takeovers that were unsuccessful. The study concludes that, first, restructuring, not synergy, motivated the sample studied and target firms can create the same value independently. Second the need for restructuring was industry-wide. However, even if restructuring is the motive behind a takeover, the target firm has to carry out the restructuring, failing which it does not create any value. The study also suggests reasons for the ambiguous findings in the strategic management merger literature. I Also, a simple transfer of control without the physical consolidation of the assets of the two firms is unlikely to bring about any synergistic gains. These gains typically arise out of a rationalizing of the different functions-marketing, manufacturing etc-of the consolidated entity. Thus Unisys, notwithstanding their current situation, initially managed to extract substantial operating efficiencies by the physical consolidation of Burroughs and Sperry. Same is true for Kraft and General Foods.

The competitiveness of border regions is generally lower than that of a country’s interior regions. Typically being areas that mark the end of one entity and the beginning of another, border regions demonstrate weaker economic performance. Tourism, as a method of development, provides opportunities to develop destinations in places where tourism attractions and resources, and comparative and competitive advantages, exist. Our research focuses on tourism supply providers in the border regions of Slovenia and Croatia. We assess their attitudes on tourism, regional competitiveness, and potential tourism destinations as the outcome of cooperation between the two countries in the field of tourism. Results indicate the possibility of enhancing competitiveness through a strategic approach to planning and managing cross-border tourism destinations.

This research questions the definition of “home” and “belonging” for the members of the “new” Indian diaspora in Romania, based on a qualitative research study. The issues of “home” and “country” are central in the diaspora research, being connected to the feeling of ‘inclusion’ or ‘exclusion’ (Cohen, 1997). As Arjun Appadurai argues, the “delocalization” and multiplication of spaces where the individual places himself / herself is a feature of modernity (1994), transnational communities existing simultaneously in two cultural spaces (Portes, 1996: 74-76). Given that individuals are creating interpersonal relationships inside their social networks, in connection to their activities (see Marinescu, V. 2009), the research focused on questioning what are the professional, social and personal trajectories of Indians living in Romania? What are their strategies of inclusion, inside and outside the Indian community? The “communication” dimension is included in this research as well, consi...

To examine the effect on the leakage of low molecular weight cytoplasmic constituents from Staphylococcus aureus using phenolics singly and in combination, and to see if the observations could be modelled using a non-linear dose response. Methods and Results: The rate of potassium, phosphate and adenosine triphosphate leakage was examined in the presence of chlorocresol and m-cresol. Individually, leakage was observed only at long contact times or high concentrations. Combined at these ineffective concentrations, the cytoplasmic pool of all constituents studied was released within minutes. Both chlorocresol and m-cresol were shown to have non-linear dose responses. A rate model for the combinations, which takes account of these non-linear responses, accurately predicted the observations. Conclusions: Antimicrobials, which when used alone exhibit a non-linear dose response, will also give a nonlinear dose response in combination. The simple linear-additive model ignores the concept of the dilution coefficient and will always describe the phenomenon of synergy for combinations where one or more of the components has a dilution coefficient greater than one. This has been borne out by examination of the purported prime lesion of chlorocresol and m-cresol, alone and in combination. Significance and Impact of the Study: Studies aimed at producing synergistic mixtures of antimicrobials, which ignore the non-linear additive effect, may waste valuable research effort looking for a physiological explanation for an apparent synergy, where none, in-fact, exists. Patents granted on the basis of analyses using the linear-additive model for combinations of compounds with non-linear dose responses may no longer be supportable.

Tomato foods contain bioactive compounds, such as lycopene, ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol, which are assumed to show synergistic effects. The aim of the study was to investigate this presumed synergy. The effect on lipid peroxidation and inflammation was assessed. Lipid peroxidation was effectively inhibited by combinations of the compounds compared to the single compounds. Synergy between the combination of ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol was confirmed. Lycopene on its own effectively reduced inflammation by inhibiting the release of TNF-a and stimulating IL-10 production. The combination of lycopene, ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol tended to display a synergistic interaction on IL-10 production. Our observations highlight that lycopene mitigates inflammation, whereas ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol efficiently protect against lipid peroxidation. Both activities are complementary since they diminish the process of inflammation differently on different levels. In relation to health, this is an added value of fruit and vegetables such as tomato products that contain complementary bio-active compounds. (M. Hazewindus), [email protected] (G.R.M.M. Haenen), a.weseler@maastrichtuniver sity.nl (A.R. Weseler), [email protected] (A. Bast). Food Chemistry 132 (2012) 954-958

The rheology and melting of mixed polysaccharide gels containing konjac glucomannan (KGM), locust bean gum (LBG) and -carrageenan (KC) were studied. Synergy-type peaks in the Young's modulus at optimal mixing ratios were found for both KC/LBG and KC/KGM binary gels at a fixed total polysaccharide content (1:5.5 for LBG:KC and 1:7 for KGM:KC). The Young's modulus peak for KC/KGM was higher than for KC/LBG gels. The same stoichiometric mixing ratios were found when either LBG or KGM was added to KC at a fixed KC concentration, where the Young's modulus increased up to additions at the stoichiometric ratio, but leveled off at higher LBG or KGM additions. Addition of KGM or LBG to the 2-component gels beyond the stoichiometric (optimal) mixing ratio at a fixed total polysaccharide content led to a decrease in the Young's modulus and an increase in the rupture strain and stress in extension, and both trends were stronger for KGM than for LBG. Differential scanning calorimetry of the gels revealed the development of a second melting peak for the KC/KGM gels that increased with KGM addition up to higher KGM contents than the stoichiometric ratio. For the KC/LBG gels, only a slight broadening and shift to a higher temperature were observed. When the three polysaccharides were mixed, the DSC endotherms reflected only the main features of the interaction between KC and KGM, and the same was true for the fracture in extension. The different trends led to higher Young's moduli at intermediate KC concentrations when a 1:1 addition of LBG:KGM was used than when either only KGM or LBG was added at a fixed total polysaccharide concentration. This suggests that no special interactions arise when the three polysaccharides are mixed and the binding mechanisms are simply a sum of the bindings observed for KC/KGM and KC/LBG two-component gels.

Pressures of globalisation such as the focus on the growth of productive economies, consumerism, and long work-hours have fragmented cultural beliefs and practices worldwide. Devaluation of deeply held soulful, creative, and nature-based practices in the dominant neoliberal capitalist discourse has challenged the way cultural and spiritual wellbeing are lived. Instead of being completely subsumed into the neoliberal global discourse, local responses incorporating global themes are emerging in the form of the “neo-tribal” festival experience. Although festivals have primarily been seen as places of consumption, this misunderstands the drive to participate in a festival experience. This article investigates a women’s arts and ecology festival held in The Blue Mountains, Australia, where members of the local community celebrate the return of spring. Findings suggest that this festival was a site for reclaiming a localized sense of connectedness, where participants reclaimed what was sacred to them. I will argue that consumerism is secondary to the desire for a sacred synergy of connectedness at this festival where critical creative action challenges the neoliberal and patriarchal discourses in the negotiation of global culture.

Özet " Sinerji " , ne ifade ediyor sizce bu kelime? Son zamanlarda kulağımıza sıkça ilişen, farklı farklı alanlarda kullanılmaya başlayan ve 1+1=3 sonucu gibi ifadelerle tanımlanan " sinerji " kelimesi tam anlamıyla neye karşılık gelmekte? Telaffuzunda bile bir etki, bir merak uyandıran bu kelime hakkında az şey duymamıza ve okumamıza rağmen, galiba çoğumuz bu kelimenin tam anlamıyla ne olduğunu, detayıyla bilmiyoruz. Ancak, henüz yeni bir ifade olan " sinerji " , öyle geniş alanlarda yer bulacak bir tanım ki, sanırım zamanla hepimiz bu ifadeden bahseder olacağız. Abstract: "Synergy "; What do you think this words mean to you, when you hear or read about it? How does actually "Synergy" word that we have widely started to meet and be used in many area and that is described with the usage of " 1+1=3 " , as a different expression way attribute a new meaning to the place that are preferred to be pronounced? I guess, we do not completely comprehend the real meaning of this attractive and interesting word, even though we have started to meet this usage in many spheres, recently. But, it is easy to make guess that "Synergy" is going to be used and mentioned in different study area. Therefore, it is aimed to evaluate the word of "Synergy " that is the one of the most effective way of knowledge sharing in this study.

We propose a new hierarchical model of online and offline advertising. This model incorporates within-media synergies and cross-media synergies and allows higher-order interactions among various media. We derive the optimal spending on each medium and the optimal total budget. We also develop three hypotheses on the effects of within-and across-media synergies on both the total budget and its allocation. We estimate media effectiveness as well as the within-and cross-media synergies of offline (television, print, and radio) and online (banners and search) ads using market data for a car brand. We show that both types of synergies -within-media (i.e., intra-offline) and cross-media (onlineoffline)-exist. We show how within-and cross-media synergies boost the total media budget and online spending due to synergies of the online media with various offline media.

The article gives coverage on the levels of synergetic interaction between architecture and materials science. There are discussed some main benefits and challenges of such kind of synergism. There are separated different levels of synergy. Upon analysis of the industrial and postindustrial age achievements in both of the areas, there can be determined three main levels of synergetic interrelations: inspiration, application, participation. As novel materials and selection tools develop and the area of their possible architectural application increases, the synergistic effects are predicted to strengthen.

The optimization of resources in nature has stimulated the creation of strategies to facilitate the interchange of energy, matter and information. Observation of these natural phenomena allowed Fuller to develop the concept of Tensegrity Systems in the 50's, generating a growing integration of multidisciplinary views on this subject. In this paper Tensegrity is postulated, given its peculiar synergistic qualities, as a paradigmatic and emergent concept in the projectual disciplines, both as a type of system displaying reciprocal interactions between a given number of nodes, and as a structural system with potential applications in multiple, evolving, scientific-technological fields.

Common ground is a problematic concept. It is a necessary part of any pragmatic theory because it names the context that speakers take for granted in carrying out a communicative act, or in other words the background against which a signal shows up as a particular pattern of sounds or shapes, words, and social effects. But it is too often either ignored or treated as a stative body of information, a definition which makes it impossible to understand how common ground is used and instantiated in actual conversations. This essay remedies this problem by presenting a novel account of common ground which subsumes most extant theories by approaching the topic separately on each of three levels of explanation. I begin by presenting a dynamical definition of common ground based on elements of Stalnaker’s theory of speaker presupposition, on which common ground is the information presented by a speaker as not-at-issue in the process of carrying out some speech act. I then justify and enrich this approach with a psycholinguistic account of the uses of common ground in conversation based on Clark’s work on joint action, and show that common ground underlies both egocentric and cooperative communication. I then justify and enrich the psycholinguistic account by showing how it is instantiated on a biological level as intra- and interpersonal synergies in a conversation. Finally, I use an analysis of referring to illustrate the relations between these three levels of description, which between presupposition and joint action and between joint action and synergies I take to be one of coherence, clarification, and specifying the object of explanation. In the other direction - from synergies to joint action and joint action to presupposition - the relation is one of grounding and providing naturalistic credentials via mechanistic details. The originality and generality of this explanatory strategy suggest tremendous opportunities for pragmatic research from a dynamical perspective.

The main objective of this work was to catalogue and bring to the fore, the various driving forces or motives that push leaders of Telecom companies to enter into mergers and acquisitions. The aim was to do a comprehensive review of literature on motives for mergers and acquisitions in the Telecommunications industry, to help researchers in this particular area, and also managers of Telecommunications companies, to understand better the dynamics of mergers and acquisitions worldwide. The work was purely a review of literature on motives for mergers and acquisitions. After a comprehensive review, the motives which stood out were Synergy, Growth, Improving market standing, creating wealth for shareholders, and Empire building for managers, in that order.

This paper has discussed the theoretical characteristics of partnership in missions and first of all it provided a well-defined explanation on what does it mean by partnership in missions. It challenged the necessity to understand partnership in the missional context, and mission itself is of God (Missio Dei). This explains that partnership in missions is a relevant issue in many ministries and countries today. Moreover, unity in diversity is the strength of any partnership ministries.

Partnership in missions is the biblical mandate ministries for Christian leaders around the world for the more immediate extension of the Kingdom. As a result, the researcher discussed the biblical model of partnership in missions such as: 1) Partnership as God’s Nature, 2) Jesus’ model of partnership, 3) Holy Spirit as senior partner for Christians, 4) Paul’s model of partnership, and 5) mission and Ecumenism. Thus, the Christians are to take partnership ministries seriously.

Finally, Christian ministers must aware of the hindrances in partnership ministries. They are the critical factors that hamper partnership ministries. For the effectiveness of partnership in missions, it needs a healthy control with regard to especially the relationship between the supporter and the one who is being supported. Christian ministers must develop “Christlikeness – attitude.” Effective communication is a must – required in any ministries in order to build trust, confidence and avoid misunderstanding. The partnership ministries’ visions, agendas, policies and procedures must be clearly and adequately shared within the synergic ministries.

Shaping original rod structures goes less and less frequently according the traditional methods of design, whereas optimization processes rise in significance. Bionic explorations impact the development in contemporary architecture trends that inspire architects to create more tectonically fascinating solutions. The logic behind forming such structures is effectiveness in the use of materials and energy. The dynamic development of digital technology provides new tools for authors to design increasingly complex spatial forms, often arising as a result of multi-criteria optimization processes. In the times of universal computerization, generative design methods are modern, creative tools of the architects that allow them to create diverse, multi-variant structures based on similar assumptions about the common boundary in the search of synergistic solutions for a new generation in architecture and design. The search for optimal solutions was adopted to study the bionic trends in regular and irregular flat rod structures on the Voronoi-based divisions.

We are extremely thankful to our thesis-supervisor, Mr. Markus HÄLLGREN, for his precious time and invaluable guidance; there were many instances when we encroached upon his privacy, especially during the Christmas and the new-year celebrations.

Today's business environment is volatile, uncertain, and complex. The need for thoughtfulness and care (due diligence) before executing business strategy is more important now than ever. An error in business growth or expansion strategy has the capability of ending the life-cycle of any brand regardless of how efficient it's business model. Successful firms, particularly global brands, have consistently employed sustainable methods especially in the area of market entry when market leadership is the main objective. This research studies acquisition market entry mode by global brands with regards to recent mergers and acquisition. The article submits that acquisition is a sustainable business model for global brands above other market entry modes. Acquisitions such as the Amazon-Souq and Uber-Careem transactions were reviewed using various secondary sources in order to understand the sustainable nature behind contemporary large-scale acquisitions. Being recent transactions, the research was unable to get statistical data to measure immediate effect of such business strategy on economies involved but potential abounds that research at later time, will reveal financial and social trends in the region. The article concludes that acquisition is a sustainable approach strategy for global brands to gain market entry as it enhances efficiency, market power, diversification, and provides accounting and tax benefits.

This book is about the relation between philosophy and organization in so far as it concerns organization studies. The book, then, revolves round the interplay between philosophy, organization and organization studies. The purpose is both to ask philosophically the question ‘What is organization?’ and to question the importance of this kind of philosophical questioning for the field of organization studies.

The central argument of the book is that philosophy performs two radically different roles in organization studies, each based upon a different conception of philosophy. The first role corresponds to the under-labourer conception of philosophy in which philosophy is of value because it performs functions for organization studies: philosophy offers different paradigms, methods or frameworks in which one can perform organizational research. The second, contrasting, conception of philosophy is philosophy as the creation of concepts. In this conception, which is presented through a reading of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, philosophy has a positive dimension which is lost when it is understood in terms of its usefulness for the social sciences. Philosophy of organization, in this sense, means asking the question ‘What is organization?’ philosophically, i.e. by creating concepts of organization.

It is this second conception of philosophy that is developed in the book; by asking what it is (part I) and by exploring philosophy of organization through readings of Spinoza, Robert Cooper and Michel Foucault (part II). Taken together, the two parts argue for a more important role of philosophy of organization in organization studies, as distinguished from a philosophy for organization studies.

LIFE TAKES PLACE argues that, even in our mobile, hypermodern world, human life is impossible without place. Seamon asks the question: Why does life take place? He draws on examples of specific places and place experiences to understand place more broadly. Advocating for a holistic way of understanding that he calls “synergistic relationality,” he defines places as spatial fields that gather, activate, sustain, identify, and interconnect things, human beings, experiences, meanings, and events.
  Recognizing that places always change over time, Seamon examines their processual dimension by identifying six generative processes that he labels interaction, identity, release, realization, intensification, and creation. Drawing on practical examples from architecture, planning, and urban design, he argues that an understanding of these six place processes might contribute to a more rigorous place making that produces robust places and propels vibrant environmental experiences.
  Written in an accessible style that will appeal to academics, practitioners, and the lay public, this book is a significant contribution to the growing research literature in “place and place-making studies.”

In this chapter, I consider place, place experience, and place attachment as they might be understood phenomenologically from three different perspectives: first, holistically; second, dialectically; and, third, generatively. I argue that each of these three perspectives points to a spectrum of complementary experiences, situations, actions, and meanings that remain faithful to the lived comprehensiveness of place and place experience. I suggest that these holistic, dialectical, and generative perspectives provide a range of useful ways for thinking about and understanding place attachment.

In the following paper, we will review the available literature on synergy and additive effects involving medicinal herbs and herbal extracts. Several types of synergistic interactions are discussed, including apparently inactive constituents enhancing the effects of apparently active constituents within and between herbal medicines, various herbal compounds altering the absorption of others, reduction in toxicity of some herbal constituents by others, and direct synergistic therapeutic effects when active constituents are combined within and between many medicinal herbs. Species discussed include Artemisia annua (sweet Annie, q ng h o), Ammi visnaga (khella), Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), G. uralensis (Chinese licorice, g n c o), Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng, rén sh n), Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape), Berberis aetnensis (Mt. Etna barberry), B. trifoliolata (algerita), B. fendleri (Colorado barberry), and Coptis chinensis (goldthread, huáng lián). Part 2 of this article will continue this review on other medicinal herb species.

The foreign missionaries have been involved over the past many years in their various ministries in Myanmar. During the last three decades, missionaries have committed themselves to the Great Commission of the Lord in Myanmar and been involved in various ministries. In spite of being culturally different but with the same calling, they attempted to learn the local language and culture because they understood the importance of cultural diversity in the mission field.
However, the research findings showed there are particular areas that missionaries need to develop such as 60% of missionaries in Myanmar struggled with communication, 87% had difficulties making plans, goals and strategies, 63.33% of them faced financial challenges with the local Christian partners; and 63.33% had experienced relationship problems in working with the local churches.
Moreover, the local Christian partners’ willingness and ability to forgive the mistakes of foreign missionaries showed only 30%, and 80% of them are not willing to admit their own limitations and unhealthy attitudes toward missionaries. Nevertheless, above all, missionaries have the potential to build healthy partnerships with local pastors, leaders, local citizens, and other fellow missionaries.

Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) utilizes the skin as executable route for drug administration but the foremost barrier against drug permeability is the stratum corneum and therefore, it limits therapeutic bioavailability of the bioactive. This review focuses on the recent advancements in the TDDS which include iontophoresis, sonophoresis, electroporation, microneedles, magnetophoresis, photomechanical waves and electron beam irradiation. These advancements are exhaustively discussed with techniques involved with their beneficial claims for different categories of bioactive. However, a lot of research has been carried out in TDDS, still the system has many pros and cons such as inconsistent drug release, prevention of burst release formulation and problems related to toxicity. In addition to that, to exploit the TDDS more efficiently scientists have worked on some combinational approaches for manufacturing TDDS viz., chemical-iontophoresis, chemicalelectroporation, chemical-ultrasound, iontophoresis-ultrasound, electroporation-iontophoresis electroporationultrasound and pressure waves-chemicals and reported the synergistic effect of the same for safe, effective and practical use of TDDS. The present article covers all the above-mentioned aspects in detail and hence the article will assuredly serve as an enlightening tool for the visionaries working in the concerned area.

Due to the alarming spread of resistance to classic antimicrobial agents, innovative therapeutic methods to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens are urgently required. is minireview examines the enhancement of antibiotic efficacy by their combination with new antimicrobials, such as plant-derived compounds, metal ions and nanoparticles and bacteriophage lytic enzymes. e mechanisms of the observed synergy are also described. e promising results of basic research indicate that in future, combined therapy may be applied in human and veterinary medicine, agriculture and the food industry to combat bacterial pathogens.

This article is a study of Pavel Florensky's philosophy of symbol in the context of his discovery of Palamism in the 1910s, when Florensky started to speak of symbol using Palamite language. It proposes a fundamental difference between Florensky's and Palamas' teachings on symbol: Palamas views a natural symbol as the energy of an essence, while for Florensky symbol is the essence itself, the energy of which synergises with the energies of other essence. In this context the prehistory of the concept of synergy in Florensky is studied, leading to the identification of a further difference in the ontologies of Florensky and Palamas: while Florensky's 'essence-energy' has the property of necessary correlation with the 'other', following the tendencies of the philosophy of that epoch, in Palamas 'energy' does not presuppose any necessary correlation with the 'other'. The author connects this difference in ontologies between the two thinkers with their respective teachings on symbol.

Radiance adalah formula khusus untuk rambut, kulit dan kuku. Mengandung tanaman dulse, horsetail, daun sage dan daun resemary. Tumbuhan ini menyediakan sejumlah besar silikon herbag (27,9 mg per 100 gram) dan nutrisi lainnya yang penting bagi rambut, kulit dan kuku.

Dulse (ganggang merah) adalah sumber vitamin-vitamin dan mineral-mineral yang paling baik dibandingkan tumbuh-tumbuhan lain, mengandung semua trace elements (trace elements adalah mineral yang dibutuhkan dalam jumlah sangat kecil tapi sangati dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan fisiologi mahluk hidup). Dulse mengandung banyak nutrisi, karoten, polisakarida. Memiliki sifat antioksidan dan membantu detoksifikasi tubuh dengan cara mengeliminasi toksin. Dulse juga mengandung yodium yang bisa mencegah penyakit gondok.

Ульянов О.Г. Правое и левое, или эпистемология «царского пути» в исихастской традиции // Феномен человека в его эволюции и динамике: Тр. Открытого научн. семинара / Рос. акад. наук, Ин-т  философии; Отв. ред.: С.С. Хоружий, О.И. Генисаретский. М.: ИФРАН, 2009. С. 46-78.
В докладе проф. О.Г. Ульянова (Москва) на заседании открытого научного семинара Института Синергийной Антропологии 12 апреля 2006 г. рассматривается  основная пространственная оппозиция «правое – левое», которая лежит в основе всей системы ориентации человека. Данная проблематика глубоко разработана в русле философской концепции исихазма, исходным пунктом которой является полярность ноуменального и феноме-нального миров. В исихазме дифференциацию «правого» и «левого» определяет не столь-ко место в аксиологическом пространстве, сколько образ жизни в синергии. Также докладчиком рассматриваются принципиальные отличия исихастской молитвы от техники индусской йоги и мусульманской дхикр, анализируется  «Средний и царский путь» в исихастской традиции, как жизненный путь, в котором благочестие, аскетизм и богословское сознание сочетаются в едином ритме, едином движении. Для иллюстрации  основных тезисов своего доклада проф. О.Г. Ульянов привлекает труды Григория Паламы, Иоанна Дамаскина, Максима Исповедника, Николая Кавасилы и др византийских авторов.
Феномен человека в его эволюции и динамике: Тр. Открытого научн. семинара [Текст] / Рос. акад. наук, Ин-т  философии; Отв. ред.: С.С. Хоружий, О.И. Генисаретский. М.: ИФ-РАН, 2009. 287 с.; 20 см. Библиогр. в примеч. 500 экз. ISBN 978-5-9540-0135-8.
Аннотация
В научной монографии представлены антропологические размышления ведущих современных русских мыслителей. С 2005 года в ИФ РАН ведется открытый научный семинар «Феномен человека в его эволюции и динамике». Фундаментом этих размышлений является синергийная антропология - новое направление, выдвинутое и развиваемое руководителями семинара, но им не ограничивается, охватывая спектр актуальной антропологической проблематики: тематизация христианского видения человека (в основном в опыте православных подвижников); кризис классической европейской антропологии; наследие русской философии в синергийно- антропологической перспективе; неклассические подходы к проблеме Человека; антропологические аспекты эстетики и искусства; психологии и психотерапии и различных гуманитарных практик.
Особое внимание уделяется переосмыслению статуса антропологии, ее структурных и методологических оснований. Наряду с докладами приводятся сопровождавшие их дискуссии, что придаёт монографии еще большее значение: живая мысль, мысль в беседе.

The author considers the works of Nobel Laureate Ilya Romanovich Prigogine, his major work in the field of interdisciplinary research. First of all, the name of Prigogine is associated with the natural Sciences. Considerable attention Prigogine was paid to the study of how dissipation creates "order out of chaos" in time and space. The article discusses the theoretical areas addressed by I. R. Prigozhin and working under his leadership, the Brussels team of researchers: non-equilibrium thermodynamics and non-equilibrium physics, necessity and chance, entropy and evolution, bifurcations and events.

En este artículo se revisa el concepto de empresa multinegocios (MN) con el propósito de establecer su especificidad y su distinción conceptual de otras acepciones utilizadas comúnmente, como por ejemplo, empresas grandes, firmas diversificadas, grupos económicos, grupos empresariales, entre otros. Inicialmente, se presentan los principales términos utilizados, partiendo con el concepto de Empresa de Negocios Moderna (ENM) discutido por Chandler (1977), que puede considerarse equivalente al concepto de empresa MN. También se revisan otras acepciones utilizadas comúnmente y que también se refieren a la idea de conjuntos de empresas interrelacionadas. Posteriormente, se deducen las particularidades de la empresa multinegocios, a partir del contraste del conjunto de los conceptos presentados, y se discuten los principales retos de la gestión interna de este tipo de organizaciones, especialmente, en relación a su estructura y al desarrollo y captura sinergias. Se concluye con la presentación de aquellas consideraciones claves que definen la especificidad de las firmas multi-negocios.

L'articolo tratta delle due composizioni realizzate da Walter Branchi durante la sua collaborazione con il Gruppo Altro, Synergy e ecLIPSe, illustrando in che modo esse realizzino il concetto di "intercodice", teorizzato e sperimentato dal Gruppo Altro nel corso degli anni Settanta.

Motives for mergers are various, ranging from ones based on classic assumption of profit maximization to managers' self-interests and exogenous factors. It is assumed that merger usually occurs for a combination of reasons. Even so, it is worth pointing out that some factors have a greater impact on a certain type of mergers. Similarly, there are a number of reasons for frequent failure of mergers to create values for shareholders, especially, of acquiring firms. Companies who want to engage in a merger or acquisition should plan their steps carefully. First of all, they should try to find the best suitable target company. They should calculate the possible resulting synergies and risks. Furthermore, the acquiring company should calculate the highest possible premium to be paid. With the help of the different valuation methods, it should valuate the company worth. Finally, the acquirer should pay attention to the criteria mentioned in this paper and avoid the mentioned deadly sins as well as follow the suggested best practices.

Die provokante Frage soll das sicher geglaubte Kreativitätsversprechen der Kunst als Referenzrahmen für den Kunstunterricht1 anhand von ausgewählten Studien und fachdidakti- schen Ansätzen hinterfragen. Die Wirkkraft von Kunst ist schwer zu fassen. Subsumiert unter dem Begriff der Ästhetischen Bildung in formalisierten Lernumgebungen werden nahezu blind Transferleistungen für Kinder und Jugendliche über die künstlerischen Fächer hinaus in ihr gesehen. Der Künstlermythos von dem eigensinnigen und allein schaffenden Genie hat sich dahingehend verselbstständigt, ästhetische Bildung inmitten von (inter-) nationalen Vergleichsstudien künstlich aufzuladen und pragmatische Bildungsziele wie die Kompetenzvermittlung im Einklang mit der Persönlichkeitsförderung außer Acht zu lassen, weil das eine gefällige Haltung scheint, um konkreten Handlungsempfehlungen aus dem Weg zu gehen. Im folgenden Beitrag soll der Fokus für kreative Lehr-Lernprozesse sowie für Professionalisierungsprozesse im Spannungsfeld der Lehrerbildung in den deutschsprachigen Ländern diskutiert werden. Spätestens seit der Bologna-Reform ist eine Revision der Dynamik zwischen Begabungs-, Intelligenz- und Kreativitätsverständnis nicht nur mit Blick auf die Lernenden, sondern umso mehr auf die Kunstlehrenden obligat, um ein sogenanntes »kreatives Feld« von Vielen bzw. von Allen für einen fachdidaktischen, inklusiv orientierten Begründungszusammenhang transdisziplinär zu reflektieren und für Klassenräume und Lehrerkollegien zu erschließen.

Buckminster Fuller describes synergy as the behavior of whole systems unpredicted by the behavior of their parts taken separately. Adopting this general orientation, the theoretical physicist Hermann Haken (1987) has introduced the concept of synergetics to name a new unifying trend in science.1 The basic goal of synergetics is to explore the general ideas, laws, and principles of self-organization across various fields of human knowledge, from the natural sciences to the humanities. The world as we know it has seemingly come into being and developed through an endless chain of self- organizing processes, from the formation of galaxies and stars to the development of biological and social structures. A synergetic style of thinking and inquiry is beginning to infuse ever wider fields of human knowledge.
Synergy is a common goal and a cherished activity of musical improvisers as well. The dynamic and synergetic qualities of improvisation, however, have proven slippery for many in the music academy.2 In the present work I will compare certain aspects of the modeling approaches to the natural world currently of interest in synergetics and chaos research to the process of performance, listening, and reflexive interpretation explored in musical free improvisation.3 My presentation is informed by my experience participating in regular free improvisation sessions with the Los Angeles- based group Surrealestate since late 1995 and includes an analysis of the synergetic qualities of an extended group improvisation (also heard on the accompanying compact disc).

Antibiotics have been effective in treating infectious diseases, but resistance to these drugs has led to the emergence of new and the reemergence of old infectious diseases. One strategy employed to overcome these resistance mechanisms is the use of combination of drugs, such as β-...