Livestock Production Economics

A simple case study was conducted concerning farmers' perception towards agriculture and livestock
insurance in Birendranagar municipality of Surkhet valley. The foremost intention of this research survey
was to appraise the current scenario of crop and livestock insurance with constraints and future prospects
regarding minimization of agriculture risk and losses among farmers of study area. Prior to the household
survey, a key informant survey was conducted with personnel of the Birendranagar municipality office. A
total of 100 farmers were selected by random sampling technique and scheduled interviews were carried out
during Nov-Dec 2021. The study included 63 non-insurers and 37 insurers as respondents. The average
income of insurer farmers was found to be higher than the non-insurer farmers. Majority (78%) of insurance
adopters were livestock insurers. More than half (51.72%) of livestock insurers perceived the damage from
accident and death of animals as a major risk. Majority of the crop insurers (75%) perceived damage from
adverse climatic conditions as a major risk. Income stability was perceived as the most important benefit
gained from joining insurance with Relative Importance Index (RII) 0.784. Insurers were found to be most
satisfied with the policy of risk coverage with Relative Satisfaction Index (RSI) 0.681. The study divulged lack
of information about benefits of insurance and awareness related to insurance services as the major factor
behind not joining insurance by more than two-third of respondents (70.49%). Majority of insurers (62.17%)
asserted delaying in claim payment as the major drawback of insurance service providers. Improving access
of farmers' on agriculture credit, effective publicity of insurance schemes and awareness generation
programs regarding risk management strategies can play a crucial role to minimize risks related to crop and
livestock production in near future.

Climate change and extreme weather events have an impact on crop and livestock husbandry in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. The direct effects posed by anthropogenic to changes in environmental conditions have been thoroughly proven in recent years through empirical studies. As a result, since 1960, the global average temperature has risen by 1 degree Celsius. In Ethiopia, climate change has had an impact on livestock production and productivity. The majority of livestock owners in the country believe climate change will influence pasture shortages, water shortages, livestock genetic resource losses, loss of livestock life, and less meat on mature livestock or reduced growth rate to achieve the required weight. Consequently, regarding mature animals, that leads to reduced livestock physiological processes, low milk supply, and impaired procreant function. Drought oxen will become malnourished and will be unable to generate the required draught power or energy for farm activities such as ox-cart, ploughing, causing crop cultivation to be hampered. Moreover, conferring to patterns and occurrences of rainfall have a significant impact on the present quantity of water and pasture for livestock. As a result, the absence of quality pasture for livestock and enough water roots livestock productivity and reproduction to suffer in Ethiopia. Higher temperatures caused by climate change may hasten the growth of diseases and parasites that may proliferate in or outside of the host livestock for too long. However, climate variation and climate change are anticipated to far reach more detrimental effects on livestock well-being and productivity, particularly in disadvantaged areas. Therefore, in these food and human livelihood are of essence for survival. The purpose of this study is to highlight the potential effects of changes in climate contribution to livestock production and productivity in Ethiopia.

During the war the situation of the some ''safety'' places is not exactly ''safe''. Providing people opportunity for producing their own foods is better than sending money or giving them usefulness materials is not exactly helping. However, helping people on their way as supporting them is the best way of helping. In example, If you want to send cheese to them you cannot know if they like that or will not sell it. But if you provide them all equipment of producing cheese, they can produce what they consume in Syria. They can also sell to other families.
Milking and producing milk products are not easy in Syria. The number of the cows, sheep and goat is not enough. There is no big farm. On the other hand, in some of places, families have enough animals compering with other places. But the equipment is not available. In this report, I've found out the animal numbers in Afrin (with sub-districts and villages) and what people consume as milk products (local cheese, yogurt etc.)

Indonesia adalah net importir daging sapi dengan trend perkembangan volume dan nilai impor selama periode 2010 sampai 2017 terus mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Ketidakberdayaan produksi domestik guna memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen yang terus meningkat menyebabkan negara yang kaya sumberdaya alam peternakan ini terus mengalami pengurasan devisa. Salah satu sumber yang diduga menjadi penyebab adalah inkonsistensi dalam kebijakan seperti yang akan disajikan pada BAB I tentang analisis kebijakan pembangunan peternakan sapi potong sejak dicanangkannya program PSDS 2007 sampai berlangsung program UPSUS SIWAB era pemerintahan kabinet kerja sekarang. Inkonsistensi kebijakan yang menyebabkan tidak hanya terjadi pembangunan yang tidak fokus dan tidak berkelanjutan tetapi juga menyebabkan pemborosan sumberdaya dan kebingungan implementasi bagi instansi teknis dan pengambil kebijakan di daerah. Semoga pada masa akan datang, kebijakan yang didasari  oleh ego sektoral  dan kekuasan dan bahkan ego keilmuan tidak lagi terjadi seiring dengan terbentuknya pemerintahan baru terlepas dari siapapun nanti yang terpilih sebagai nahkoda Negara Kesatuan  Republik Indonesia tercinta ini.
Kata orang bijak “menjadi berguna tidak harus menunggu jadi utama” adalah ungkapan penuh makna yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam peningkatan peran sektor peternakan dalam pembangunan. Posisi mayoritas usaha peternakan sapi potong selama ini bukan sebagai sumber pendapatan (pekerjaan) utama tetapi lebih sebagai sumber pendapatan tambahan dan malahan sebagai tabungan. Posisi peternakan sapi potong dalam kenyataannya tidak membuat komoditas ini merasa terabaikan karena mampu hadir sebagai solusi pemecahan masalah dalam kehidupan masyarakat terutama rumah tangga pertanian. Pada BAB II tentang Perkembangan Sistem Integrasi akan dijelaskan tentang peran usaha ternak sapi potong dalam berbagai kondisi perekonomian. Usaha ternak sapi potong bisa hadir sebagai solusi alternatif dalam krisis ekonomi 1997 dan ekonomi global 2008, serta pasca kebakaran hutan dan lahan 2015 dan program pengendalian karhutla berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat sekitas kawasan konsesi Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI). Bahkan peternakan sapi potong berpotensi  bisa hadir sebagai solusi pemecahan masalah kehilangan pendapatan sementara (temporary lost income) sebelum dan selama proses peremajaan sawit dan karet rakyat.
Buku sistem integrasi tanaman ternak berkelanjutan (Sustainable integrated farming system atau SIFAS) ini merupakan rangkuman perjalanan panjang kegiatan penelitian dan pengabdian pada masyarakat, serta kerjasama penyusunan rencana program dan kegiatan beberapa lembaga terkait sejak tahun 2007.

As in many other countries, in Mexico, the ostrich aroused the interest of public and private entities for its broad productive qualities and quality of its products. The objective of the present study was to describe the history of ostrich introduction in Mexico as a kind of commercial interest, from the arrival of the first birds to the current farms. In 1988 the first farm was established, then a series of farms of significant size were appearing, all of them focused their business on the sale of breeding stock, a business that was profitable during the heyday of the specie in the country (1998-2008). The main client was the government that acquired ostriches to distribute them among a large number of new farmers. When the introduction into the activity of government and private individuals was no longer attractive, the prices of the breeders fell and the sector collapsed because the farms were inefficient and the infrastructure and promotion sufficient to position the ostrich products were not produced on the national or export market. In 2016 it was known that about 30 farms remained in the activity, of which 20 were located and provided information for this study. The farms that remained in the activity continued with significant difficulties in terms of their productivity, however, they had managed to mitigate part of the problem by sharing production practices among themselves and going to their counterparts abroad through digital media. On the commercial side, they had managed to develop standardized products using maquiladora companies, and placed them in niche markets that paid for higher prices than those that are paid for conventional substitutes. In the case of ostrich, in Mexico and many other countries, the sector failed because the market demand response was overestimated and the farmers ventured into the activity without adequate knowledge bases, infrastructure, and institutional support. These findings could be referred to many other species of nascent interest.

The Thai livestock industry has experienced significant change over the last two decades in its cattle/buffalo, pigs and poultry sectors. Increasing human population and income levels, political and technological change in Thailand have meant changes in the traditional roles of livestock within the Thai village economy and have caused a heightened demand amongst Thai consumers for livestock products such as meat and milk. These changing socio-economic conditions in Thailand have seen the poultry sector achieve internationally competitive status, and more recently expanding commercial development of the cattle and pork industries. Technological advances in Thailand however have resulted in substantial decline in buffalo numbers as draught power has become increasingly mechanised. In order for Thailand's livestock sector to meet growing domestic and international demand, it is essential that issues such as disease control in livestock are successfully addressed.

This document presents the results of research on farmer cattle feeding carried out in Senegalese Groudnut Basin with the aim to delimit the constraints of its development. This study is based on investigations and the follow up of peasants' operations. More and more farmers are forming cattle fattening associations, in order to get financing with NGO and other partners of the rural world. This activity is conducted individually with credit allocated by the association to its members. Collective cattle feeding with pooled lots, is rarely adopted. Few farmers isolated, can get access to credit. However, the most of difficulties they must face, whatever the category considered, comes from the poor technical mastery, the missing of dynamism in the marketing, and the low level of available feeds. This last constraint stops the adoption of cattle feeding by women and youths who don't have access to the fodder resources of the family farm. Neitherless, the farmer cattle feeding is profitable. With the rainy season, it runs few risks, and guaranteed appreciable profits of even more than CFA 15 000 per bull calf, with maxima of MDG (mean daily gain) that can reach 700 g. Moreover, it is proved to be possible to realize, during the dry season, MDG of more than 350 g and to have a net margin of at least CFA 10 000 bull
calf. So, this cattle feeding, operated in rudimentary lots, is a source of incomes diversification and a motor of growth: 10 to 20 % of profits are invested in other productions. However, this study shows also that its promotion and its function in the integration of cattle breeding into agriculture can't be intended without: a cleaning up of cattle and meat processes, an increasing valuation of manure and the introduction of fodder farming.
Kev words : Groundnut Basin; cattle fattening; rural financing, peasant

"At eight times the size of the human population, livestock cast a very long shadow indeed. A primary contribution of this essay is to provide a survey of the human and environmental impacts of livestock production. We will find that, considering both the direct and indirect effects, the overconsumption of animal meat is now a (if not the) leading cause of or contributor to both malnourishment and obesity, chronic disease, antibiotic resistance, and the spread of infectious disease; the livestock sector may now be the single greatest source of freshwater use and pollution, the leading cause of rainforest deforestation, and the driving force behind spiraling species extinction; finally, livestock production is among the largest sectoral sources of greenhouse gas emissions contributing to global climate change.

Recognizing the inefficient and environmentally destructive nature of intensive livestock production, this essay will consider various solutions being proposed to “shrink” livestock’s long shadow, including “technical” or “market” fixes, a transition to “new agrarian” methods, and the movement to a vegetarian or vegan diet. Though important and morally relevant qualitative differences exist between industrial and non-industrial methods, this essay will conclude that, given the present and projected size of the human population, the morality and sustainability of one’s diet is inversely related to the proportion of animals and animal products one consumes."

Adada site reconnaissance visit on 19th Septemebr,2020 located at Uzo-Uwani local government area, Nkpologwu Area, Enugu state, Nigeria soils profile suitable for ginger cultivation from the site visit (see section two plates 1-4) with a landmass area of 1850 hectares and soil sample was collected for preliminary laboratory analyses. The decision to plant ginger at the location is a function of the ginger agronomic soil physiology parameter for ginger cultivation. Adani site soil
the profile is waterlogged and will require erosion and drainage management for ginger cultivation, see section two, plates 6 and 7 respectively.
Soils:  Adada soil falls into the category of the interior zone of laterite soil is a red tropical soil -a reddish mixture of clayey iron and aluminum oxides and hydroxides formed by the weathering of basalt under humid, tropical conditions. Laterite is a dense, porous, iron-bearing soil that can be quarried like stone and capable of withstanding intensive development. This is also the soil type found at the project site.
Vegetation: The vegetation in Enugu state lies in two main vegetation zones: The Woodland and
Tall Grass Savannah and the Rain Forest. Most common, are dumps of 20 feet tall trees commonly
isoberline, locust bean, Shea butter, almond tree and oil bean trees that lose their leaves in the dry season and elephant trees covered the plains between the trees.
Added Value - Value co-creation and service science in agriculture with the application of
environmental and agriculture biotechnology to Adada and Adani sites for crop cultivation.
Agribusiness Strategy - The development of Adada Agro-Corridor (section six).
Organization - Ensure clients organizations are resilient for value stream creation.
Capability Building - Our capability-building team provides customized learning experiences led by experts who combine deep domain knowledge with real-world perspectives and innovations.
Sustainable agricultural intensification - Develop food security policies for resilient and productive agricultural systems, agroecology/corridor development for sustainable agriculture.
Agro Corridor – Agriculture facilities, value chain development, credit schemes, especially for smallholders and agro-dealers powered by agro-ecology sustainable agricultural intensification by easing farmers' access to regional and international markets and deployment of climate-smart agriculture. A strategy, incentives are provided to promote diversified agro-industries based on local agricultural production for export and food security. Converged academia, government and
industries to commercial doctoral research outcome to create wealth.
Smart agriculture - Smart agriculture using data on likely crop output where farmers can more
effectively utilize organic farm inputs (biofertilizer, biopesticide, bioherbicide, and post-harvest) improves soil health and quality www.aratibiotech.com.There is no better time than now to
strengthen farmer ecosystems. Advancements in technology can facilitate data-driven agriculture
digitization, driven by four disruptors:
i. Rise in data volumes, computational power, and connectivity, especially new low-power
wide-area networks www.huetzmobile.com ;
ii. The emergence of analytics and business-intelligence capabilities via artificial
intelligence;
iii. New forms of human-machine interaction such as augmented-reality systems and internet of things (IoT) ; and
iv. Improvements in transferring digital instructions to the physical world, such as advanced robotics.
v. Adada livestock and organic agriculture training institute (proposed).

Keywords:
Livestock, Ginger, Biofertilizer, Organic Ginger, Nigeria, ADADA Cattle Ranch, Survey Report, Agro Corridor, Agriculture,
Agribusiness Strategy, Vegetation, Soil

Sick Wildlife The Tip Of An Iceberg

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is ravaging wildlife in many regions across North America. It’s part of a larger epidemic of neurological disease that is killing millions of people, wildlife and livestock around the world. Once again, wildlife are serving as the proverbial canary in a coal mine.

CWD is part of an incurable spectrum disease called transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). The operative word is “transmissible.” Mismanagement of pathogens associated with the disease are contributing to a broader epidemic of neurological disease among wildlife, livestock and people.

TSEs, including chronic wasting disease, are caused by a deadly protein called a prion (PREE-on). Prion disease is unstoppable. Prions defy all attempts at sterilization and inactivation. Victims can spread the disease even further via their bodily fluids and cell tissue. Victims often are contagious long before they appear sick. Their saliva, urine, blood and feces, for example, spread the pathogen further every day. Prions linger in the environment and on objects infinitely. They migrate, mutate, multiply and kill with unparalleled efficiency. Because of the dynamics, Canada has declared CWD unstoppable.

Background: Livestock production under smallholder mixed crop–livestock (MCL) production systems is constrained by feed shortage and scarcity of land on which to grow feed. Livestock feeds are obtained from different sources including crop residues (CR), grazing lands (GL), crop aftermath, fallow land and purchased. But the contribution of these feed resources and the extent of feed balance at farm level are not quantitatively examined. The study was conducted to assess the major feed resources available and evaluate feed balance for the prevailing livestock in MCL system. Methods: Feed types and amount available, livestock holding size and feed demand were estimated for 159 smallholder farmers stratified into wealth status, which were selected following a multistage sampling procedure. The feed balance was evaluated as the difference between requirements of livestock (feed demand) and amount of utilizable feed (supply) per year in terms of dry matter (DM), metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible crude protein (DCP). Results: Regardless of farmers' wealth status, CR mainly sourced from cereals, particularly barley, contributed more than half of the annual feed supply, followed by GL. The contribution of CR to total feed supply sourced on-farm and purchased combined was 55%. Significant differences in the supply, demand and balance of livestock feed were observed across wealth group of farmers. The wealthier have higher quantities of feed supply and demand, but suffered more in feed insufficiency. Overall, about 51, 19 and 38% annual feed deficit in DM, ME and DCP were observed, respectively. But when the rate is considered based on feed produced on-farm only, the deficit worsened and goes up to 60, 34 and 52% in DM, ME and DCP, respectively. Conclusions: Expansion of grazing land is not a practical option to increase feed supply. Therefore, increasing food-feed crops production per unit area, conservation of surplus forages, strategic feeding based on productivity and traction services of livestock, purchase of feeds, and increasing livestock off-take during time of scarcity would help to correct the observed feed shortage. Moreover, refinement of the feed balance analysis at specific nutrients level would be compulsory for effective strategic interventions.

This paper returns to Barbara Noske‟s (1989) concept of the „animal-industrial complex‟ in order to develop and re/present it as a key organizing frame of analysis and research collaboration for the field of critical animal studies (CAS). In presenting various ways of refining its definition and illustrating some intersections between both different forms of animal use and with other „complex‟ concepts, the aim is also to help build CAS capacity in analyzing the role of political economy in shaping human-animal relations. Whilst keeping the permeability of the boundaries of the complex very much to the fore, this paper nevertheless focuses on farmed animals and case studies virtual methods of apprehending „livestock‟ genetics companies as one approach for potentially bringing the animal-industrial complex into a more clearly delineated space of scholarly and public critical scrutiny.

Pisciculture value chain includes all steps a fishery business goes through from input sourcing and use to consumption by the end user. Value chain approach possesses numerous advantages such as quick returns on investment, creation of jobs and provision of high quality fish products to the consumers amongst others. Recent studies have shown that the inefficiencies in the pisciculture value chain are expressed in capacity under-utilization of equipment, poor quality products, low output from given quantity of raw materials, poor market information, poor technological know-how, income fluctuation, market gluts and unattractive profit incentives. Various studies have however, not fully underscored the important steps and stages in the analysis of the pisciculture value chain, and most especially in Lagos state, Nigeria, thus necessitating further in-depth analysis. This study therefore set out to analyze pisculture value chain in Lagos state, Nigeria. The study adopted the survey design and utilized mainly primary data. A structured close-ended questionnaire was used to collect information from the fish farmers, who were selected by multistage, stratified random sampling technique. Data gathered was analyzed using value chain analysis. The study therefore recommended a strengthen networks between producers to address business issues by assisting value chain players to support each other for improving market perceptions of pisciculture product. Also, improving productivity and quality through increased adherence to technically correct pisciculture methods among other things.

The Bangladesh Livestock Journal (BLJ) is an independent, yearly basis online & print version, open access, peer reviewed, non-profit  journal that publishes original research, short communications, review articles or essays, and book reviews relevant to natural sciences.  Manuscripts submitted to the Editor-in-Chief or Executive Secretary/Joint Executive Secretary  are first reviewed by Journal’s Editorial board, or Reviewer and, if necessary, by outside experts. All articles will be subject to thorough, critical, objective and fair review by the Editors. Authors must adhere to the format described in ‘Guidelines to Author’ Section; incomplete manuscript has to be rejected. The Editorial board reserves the right to reject any manuscript.

Transmission: Contaminated soil. The organisms enter into the digestive tract with feed and through cuts which occur during the shearing, docking, and castration, and via naval infection during birth. Infection of the vulva and vagina of the ewes during lambing may cause serious outbreak of the disease. Black leg is worldwide in distribution. Well nourished and grass fed animals are more often affected.

This study was carried out to investigate profitability associated with Moringa production in Zuru local government area of Kebbi State. It examined the costs and returns of Moringa production as well as constraints faced by Moringa farmers in the study area. Data were collected from a total of 100 Moringa farmers using purposive sampling technique in 2013. Descriptive statistics and farm budgeting technique were used in the analysis of the data. The study revealed that 48% of Moringa farmers in the study area belong to the active population in the age bracket of 31-40 years, majority (78%) of Moringa farmers were females, majority (69%) of Moringa farmers had formal education at various levels, majority (89%) of Moringa farmers in the study area had a farm size of 0.5 – 1.0 hectares and 46% had experience in Moringa production within the range of 16 – 20 years. The costs and returns analysis indicated that, variable cost constituted 42.27% of the total cost of Moringa production in the study area, while the fixed cost constituted 57.73%. However, the average total cost of production per hectare was N75, 350, the average total revenue was N187, 500 and the net income was N112, 150 indicating that Moringa production was profitable. Despite the profitability of Moringa production, farmers identified pest and disease, lack of technical advice and lack of capital as their major constraints. It is therefore recommended that trained personnel to educate Moringa farmers with new method of Moringa production in the study area should be emphasized. Moringa farmers should form cooperative societies to enable them have easy access to improved inputs, credit and other forms of assistance. [Musa D. Baba, Garba Yakubu, Jibril M. Yelwa and Lukman Haruna. Costs and Returns of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Production in Zuru Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2015;8(1):36-40]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6

— In sheet metal parts deep drawing is one of the most important processes. For mass production of cup shapes in automobile, aerospace and packaging industries Deep drawing process is widely used. Deep drawing process is used to produce a light weight and high strength products. The quality of products is influenced by many of the process parameters like blank-holder force, blank shape, punch radius, die radius, material properties, and coefficient of friction, temperature etc. To produce product with minimum defects a good knowledge of process is required. Therefore, to avoid defects in the parts and to minimize production cost it is important to optimize the process parameters. Importance is given in this review paper to gather the recent research work and developments in the area of deep drawing.

By historical reasons, public policies related to native and exotic fauna management in Brazil have been responsible for several processes of biological invasion by promoting incentives to exoticism in expressing opposition to the benefits of the Convention on Biodiversity Diversity (CBD), which Brazil is one of the main protagonists during the Eco-92 Conference (Rio de Janeiro, 1992). I describe what Brazilian government has made since then for natural resources management, especially on sustainable uses from wildlife to avoid and restrict the commercial exotic animal production. I use specific cases of invasive exotic fauna, including the feral hog and wild boar (Sus scrofa) invasions at national scale, to evaluate the Brazilian government's commitments and responsibilities in relation to the demands from society related to the management and use of fauna, especially from the socio-economic and environmental point of view. I discuss the causes, consequences and challenges to the public managers for wildlife use and conservation, and its particular socio-economic and environmental conflicts that are disastrous and compromising the biological megadiversity in Brazil. Considering the national and regional scenarios presented, I also deal with ecological issues concerning the distribution and occupation of invasive wild boar in Mato Grosso do Sul state, starting with the occurrence survey and the mapping of the conflicts related to the presence of wild boar (javali/javaporco) and also of the feral hog (porco-monteiro) in the Pantanal plain in recent years. I present the spatiotemporal evolution of the process of invasion of feral pigs, especially regarding the most recent cycle of invasion involving wild boars and their hybrids (javalis/javaporcos). I identify some factors that have influenced this dynamic, showing the localities where the encounter between these populations and the oldest population of the feral hog (porco-monteiro) in the Pantanal has been taking places. It is also estimated the frequency of detection and occupation of the feral pigs in the state, as well as the percentage of the area invaded by wild boars/hybrids (javalis/javaporcos) in the state and their local relative abundance. The detection and occupation (invasion area) of feral pigs are tested between both, and also in relation to the effect of socioeconomic and environmental variables that could be associated to the occurrences of feral pigs as habitat types detected in the landscape and land uses identified in the state. In addition, I present feral pig population estimative all over the MS state, considering the current frequency and also population size predictions, if the abundance reaches their thresholds of environmental saturation, modeling the feral pigs distribution and occupation. Finally, the relative frequency of detection between the three species of suiforms, Sus scrofa and the two native species, Tayassu pecari and Pecari tajacu, is presented and discussed, as well as the possible relationships among them and the implications for the conservation of native biodiversity. These aspects were related to the management policies of invasive feral pigs and the conservation of regional biodiversity, in the light of what has already been discussed in all chapters. At the end, I critized the current model of extremely protectionist management of wildlife by the Brazilian State, which repels investments in research and development, and propose a new management model for fauna based on scientific and technological knowledge and supported by free market initiatives.

The essay attempts to carry out a strategic financial evaluation and analysis of two companies: TESCO and Benedict Co.  Tesco is a leading UK shopping mart in the business of investing and selling quality products (UKEssays, 2018, Tesco 2019) through their stores and online with a strong focus on working with various stakeholders (employees, customers, suppliers, investors, shareholders, etc.,. (Tesco 2019)). The essay will define the term “stakeholder” and identify Tesco’s three key stakeholders.  Further, using Tesco’s annual report 2016, a review of the company’s financial performance in terms of corporate and social responsibilities against its environmental, social and corporate governance report will be carried out.
The report will also attempt to evaluate and analyze the financial position of Benedict Co. which is a provider of superior salvage solutions. The Company buys and sells damaged or abandoned freight and other items. (Benedict Co. 2019). The report will calculate, interpret and analyze a range of financial ratios to measure the company’s financial performance. Finally, a summary of the findings and recommendations will be drawn.

Rantai pasok daging sapi (beef supply chain) global menjadi salah satu komponen yang strategis di dalam pemenuhan pangan dan sistem logistik daging sapi nasional. Pada saat ini industri daging sapi, atau rantai pasok daging sapi nasional, dihadapkan pada lingkungan pasar global yang sangat kompetitif. Oleh sebab itu, tuntutan terhadap Indonesia untuk menyelaraskan diri terhadap berbagai norma dan regulasi perdagangan internasional semakin diperlukan. Khususnya untuk komoditas perdagangan sapi potong, isu-isu mengenai kepuasan dan kepercayaan konsumen atas atribut-atribut non ekonomi, seperti keamanan pangan, kemamputelusuran (traceability) dan kesejahteraan hewan (animal welfare) semakin intensif dikemukakan diberbagai forum. bahwa kondisi RPH saat ini berjumlah sekitar 800 RPH. Dari jumlah ini, baru 25 RPH direvitalisasi yang memiliki NKV (Nomor Kontrol Veteriner), ditargetkan pada tahun 2012 yang akan memiliki NKV dan bertaraf internasional 150 RPH dan 11 RPH yang telah diaudit oleh lembaga independent Auditor. Standarisasi RPH pemerintah di Jawa Barat dapat dilakukan sesuai dengan dengan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor: 381/Kpts/OT.140/10/2005 tentang Pedoman Sertifikasi Kontrol Veteriner, dan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 13/Permentan/OT.140/1/2010 tentang Persyaratan Rumah Potong Hewan Ruminansia dan Unit Penanganan Daging serta SNI tentang rumah potong hewan No. 01-6159-1999. Selain itu, kondisi social budaya masyarakat perlu dijadikan pertimbangkan dalam melakukan standarisasi.

The study examined the economics of smallholder turkey production in Zuru Emirate of Kebbi State, Nigeria. Proportionate sampling technique was used to select one hundred and eighty seven (187) turkey farmers. Primary data were collected using interview schedule. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting technique, financial analysis, production function analysis, Regression analysis and T-test. Results revealed that variable costs accounted for 89.3% of the total cost of turkey production, while fixed cost accounted for the remaining 10.7%.  However, the average total cost per bird was N4, 350.43, average total revenue was N6, 866.81 and net income was N2, 516.38 indicating that turkey production in the study area was profitable. Double log production function gave the best-fit to the data, with R2 value of 0.821. This implied that about 82% variation in the dependent variable (weight of turkey) was explained by the independent variables included in the model. On the efficiency of resources used, result showed that turkey farmers were inefficient in the use of their resources. The major problem faced by turkey farmers was high cost of feeds. It was recommended that turkey farmers should increase their scale of production so that the high cost of feed will be distributed among large number of birds which will in turn cut down the cost.

In many developing countries of Africa and Asia, camels are the most important source of income for the Pastoral population through the provision of milk, meat, and transportation service. The chief role of the camel relates directly to its remarkable adaptation to extremely harsh conditions. However, these contributions of camels to the human welfare of developing countries are generally obscured by several factors, among which disease is the basic one. Brucellosis is one of the common bacterial diseases of a camel which is caused by genus Brucella resulting in substantial loss of production. Currently, ten species of brucella are recognized among which six of them are classical species. In dromedary camels, brucellosis can be caused by B. abortus; B. melitensis and B. ovis which results in significant loss of productivity through late first calving age, long calving interval time, low herd fertility and comparatively low milk production. The disease is found widespread in camel rearing regions of the world whereas age; sex; management and husbandry practice are considered as a major risk factor. The prevalence of camel brucellosis which was reported from different pastoral areas of Ethiopia is quite varying. Additionally; research conducted on camel brucellosis is scarce and is limited only to serological study with no confirmed isolation of Brucella bacteria. In humans, brucellosis is a debilitating disease with nonspecific symptoms and infertility being the common sequelae. The disease is transmitted by contact with infected animals; consumption of unpasteurized dairy products and undercooked meat. To treat brucellosis in humans, several conventional antibiotics are used in clinics and can also be controlled through milk pasteurization and hygienic measures coupled with effective disease surveillance and animal movement control. Generally, to combat the public health and economic significance of camel brucellosis detailed studies for isolation and characterization the causative agent of camel brucellosis should be implemented along with enhancing awareness level of the society.

Pemerintah Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur melalui Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPEDA) berkerja sama dengan Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Jambi dalam penyusunan dokumen studi kelayakan dan master plan BPT Sapi Potong ini. Semoga dengan kerjasama ini akan melahirkan BPT Sapi Potong yang berdaya saing dengan manajemen operasional yang lebih efisiens dan efektif serta dapat mandiri dan berkelanjutan. Sebagai kepala pemerintahan, diucapkan terima kasih atas kerjasama ini dan semoga menjadi awal terjalinnya hubungan kerjasama yang lebih baik dimasa akan datang terutama dalam pembangunan peternakan.