Disabled people movement

This article discusses the acquisition of a physical impairment/disability through voluntary body modification, or transability. From the perspectives of critical genealogy and feminist intersectional analysis, the article considers the ability and cis*/trans* axes in order to question the boundaries between trans and transabled experience and examines two assumptions impeding the conceptualization of their placement on the same continuum: 1) trans studies assume an able-bodied trans identity and able-bodied trans subject of analysis; and 2) disability studies assume a cis* disabled identity. The perception of transsexuality and transability as mutually exclusive phenomena results from a non-intersectional analysis of transsexuality as an issue of sex/gender, but not ability, and of transability as an issue of ability, but not sex/gender. Difficulty recognizing continuities between these phenomena thus stems from an ableist interpretation of sex/gender and a cis(gender)normative* interpretation of ability. This article aims to: 1) enrich intersectional analysis in trans and disability studies and transability scholarship; 2) complicate disability studies, in which disabilities are often presumed “involuntary”, and encourage the decentering of a cis* subject; 3) encourage trans studies to decenter an able-bodied subject; and 4) advocate for increased dialogue and the creation of alliances between trans and disability studies and movements.

Link: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hypa.12113/abstract

The title of this book might have been Story of a Deaf woman and the society she lives in, that is, the woman would have been qualified as Deaf, and the society would have not been qualified. One can attribute an adjective, that is, a delimitation, to what is markedunusual, special, extraordinaryas opposed to what is unmarkedstandard, natural, normal. Intentionally, the title of this book is rather Story of a woman and a hearing society, and this for two reasons. First, for Anna, the woman the story is about and the author of the chapters in autobiographical part "a" of this book, being born Deaf has been quite a natural experience, as her family was entirely Deaf. Second, for Sara, the hearing author or co-author of essay chapters in part "b" there is a majoritythe hearing oneholding too much power on a minoritythe Deaf community-, and it is about time that such majority took the responsibilities connected to its power, including the one consisting in yielding power on Deaf lives to Deaf people. In contrast to what many books about deafness are engaged in discussing, this is not a work about identity (although chapter 9b also deals with identity). Anna can tell who she is, but there is no attempt to define Deaf people's identity in the chapters that Sara wrote. Defining identities has entirely different meanings, when it is part of the search for oneself, and when it is a label coming from a hearinglet us call it by its namepower. But Anna never felt the need to look for her identity, she has always been perfectly at ease in the role she has had in the world. And, according to Sara, it is the hearing who need to engage in a more comprehensive understanding of their actions relating to Deaf people, in order for Deaf people to be adequately included in society. So, the story told in this book is the story of a woman who leads a satisfactory life, and the story of aoften well-intentionedhearing society that may improve theoften unsatisfactorymanner it treats Deaf people.

Claude Pinard est Directeur exécutif de la Fondation Mirella et Lino Saputo, une fondation familiale privée basée à Montréal. La Fondation se consacre à un meilleur exercice social et économique des personnes handicapées des personnes âgées et des personnes issues de l’immigration . Au cours des 30 dernières années, Claude a perfectionné ses compétences en communication, relations publiques, philanthropie, marketing et gestion du sport professionnel dans les secteurs privé et public. Il est actuellement président du conseil d’administration de la Maison de l’innovation sociale au Québec et est membre du conseil d’administration de Fondations philanthropiques Canada et du Conseil mondial de la Social Innovation Exchange (SIX), basé à Londres, en Angleterre. Il est également membre du comité consultatif de l’Initiative Impact Canada.

Muzea to miejsca wyjątkowe. To nie tylko skarbnice artefaktów i dzieł sztuki, ale również miejsce edukacji i wypoczynku. Jako jednostki publiczne powinny umożliwiać wszystkim korzystanie ze swojej pełnej oferty. Dotyczy to również osób niepełnosprawnych.
Po długich latach kryzysu Polska przeżywa obecnie „boom muzealny”. Szczególnie w ciągu ostatniego dziesięciolecia zainicjowano budowę wielu gmachów ekspozycyjnych, a także przystosowano różne zabytki do pełnienia nowej funkcji. Pośród najczęściej adaptowanych nieruchomości najliczniejszą grupę stanowią obiekty potechniczne i poprzemysłowe. Transformowanie istniejących budynków jest korzystne pod względem finansowym, ale niesie za sobą duże wyzwania. Jednym z głównych problemów jest dostosowanie ich dla osób niepełnosprawnych. Wyzwaniem są np. różnice poziomów, tunele, kanały, torowiska oraz zachowanie układu urządzeń technicznych. Usunięcie niektórych przeszkód jest niemożliwe lub trzeba zastosować rozwiązania indywidualne.
W artykule wskazane będą problemy projektowe oraz wykonawcze wynikające z konfrontacji zabytkowego obiektu poprzemysłowego i wprowadzanej funkcji muzealnej. Zostaną omówione na m. in. na przykładzie zajezdni w Szczecinie (Muzeum Techniki i Komunikacji „Zajezdnia Sztuki”), bydgoskiej fabryki broni (Explozeum), galerii sztuki w Gliwicach (Szyb Willson) oraz elektrowni w Radomiu (Mazowieckie Centrum Sztuki Współczesnej).

There is no place where, disabled people's rights are not violated. The discrimination, oppression, violence and abuse faced by disabled people don’t respect boundaries, wealth or poverty. As a result of our experience, and articulation of our own situation, disabled people have a unique understanding of what constitutes "development" and the social change that is required to ensure our equalization of opportunities and the enhancement of rights. This unique understanding has shown us that strategic change cannot happen on one front alone. To ensure the empowerment and inclusion of disabled individuals in the development of their own communities and states, strategies for change must be devised to:

Accessibility is something that most people take for granted. While conducting our day-to-day activities and conveniently using buildings and its facilities, one hardly realizes that for people with disabilities it is very difficult, and at times, impossible to do a task as simple as getting inside a building without someone’s help. The built environment should be designed such that it eliminates all barriers and allows people with disabilities to use the building and its facilities like other able-bodied people. Building designers should try to understand the special requirements of those with disabilities and adopt appropriate strategies for site planning, building design, and interior layout design, which address all these requirements.

La consecución de métodos adecuados que permiten el  desarrollo de los individuos en sociedad es una de las metas de la humanidad, por ello teniendo como base referencial argumentos de tipo teórico y legales el autor de este trabajo de titulación presenta el  “Programa de atención integral a personas con discapacidad visual, auditiva y motriz en el Tecnológico Espíritu Santo” que es una propuesta orientada a promover  la inclusión de estos grupos sociales para efectos de crear oportunidades de acceso a una educación superior y de corresponsabilidad social tal como lo dicta  la constitución y  la ley de discapacidades.

Los resultados presentes en los instrumentos de investigación develan la factibilidad de acción como respuesta a la problemática social para lo cual el autor de este proyecto de grado resalta la aplicación de 3 ejes de acción  orientados al involucramiento en el desarrollo de mecanismos que faciliten la movilidad y atención prioritaria personalizada de personas con capacidades diferentes.

Chapter in the book 'Madness, Distress and the Politics of Disablement' edited by Spandler, Anderson & Sapey, 2015, Policy Press, pp.231-243

This chapter traces the origins and evolution of the neurodiversity movement, which consists of people with conditions (such as autistic spectrum 'disorders', AD(H)D, dyspraxia, dyslexia, etc.) which have been positioned somewhere in between the traditional categories of 'disability' and 'mental illness'. The neurodiversity movement has roots in, and, as will be argued, has new insights to offer to, both the disabled people's and survivor movements; thus it should be of interest for those seeking to bridge conceptual gaps between the disabled people’s and survivor movements -
such as the sticking point between them over the concept of 'impairment' (Plumb 1994).

Writers and activists within the neurodiversity movement are acutely aware of and concerned with the social construction of both 'distress' and 'disability', and have developed their own distinct analysis of these concepts. This chapter gives an overview of some of that thinking. It draws on my own experience within the neurodiversity movement, as well as on published literature from all three movements, to illustrate the convergences and divergences between them, and finally offers some suggestions for ways forward...

Los ajustes razonables son mecanismos para conseguir la igualdad fáctica de las personas con discapacidad. Sin duda, representan una herramienta importante; por ello es necesario que se tengan en cuenta ciertos criterios para una configuración adecuada de estos ajustes sin que los mismos lleguen a ser desproporcionados, ya sea desde el punto de vista estatal o de la persona con discapacidad. Así, este artículo tiene por finalidad sembrar la discusión acerca de cuáles deberían ser los criterios para determinar la razonabilidad de los ajustes razonables. Finalmente, se aportarán ciertas precisiones conceptuales que pudieran ayudar a una mayor comprensión de las categorías jurídicas que comprenden la garantía de los derechos y libertades de las personas con discapacidad.

in Canadian Journal of Disability Studies, vol. 4 issue 2: http://cjds.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/cjds/article/view/212

Waged work has been a central issue for the Disabled People’s Movement since its inception. For example, the influential analysis of the pioneering Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation in the United Kingdom placed the exclusion of people with impairments from work as the origin of disablement, which is therefore inherent in modern capitalism. Thus it has been traditional in the Disabled People’s Movement in the United Kingdom to regard the removal of barriers to participation in the wage labour economy as a key strategy for overcoming disabled people’s social exclusion and oppression.

However, some authors in the Disabled People’s Movement (e.g., Abberley, 1996; 2002; Taylor, 2004; Withers, 2012) have argued that waged work cannot be the route to liberation for all disabled people, pointing out the paradox of disabled people desiring to be included in the same economic system which is responsible for their exclusion in the first place, and whose values fundamentally privilege the ‘more able’. This issue is especially urgent in the present historical moment, when the ‘work ethic’ has been mobilised by neoliberals and neoconservatives in government and the mass media to justify the cutting of vital support systems for disabled people, who are being demonized as ‘workshy’, ‘scroungers’, etc.

This paper will examine critiques of work and workerism from anarchist, autonomist, and feminist writers and identify theoretical currents that conceptualize disabled people’s liberation as requiring a much more fundamental rejection of the values of capitalism.

Keywords

Anti-work; Autonomy; Basic Income; Capitalism; Disablement; Disabled People’s Movement; Gift economy; Post-Work; Wage labour

Ο ΔΣΕ, με πολλά μέλη του να έχουν διακριθεί στο Εθνικό Απελευθερωτικό Μέτωπο
(ΕΑΜ) και το αντίστοιχο στρατιωτικό του σκέλος τον Ελληνικό Λαϊκό
Απελευθερωτικό Στρατό (ΕΛΑΣ), τη μεγαλύτερη αντιστασιακή οργάνωση επί
κατοχής, εξακολουθούσε να διατηρεί ισχυρό λαϊκό έρεισμα και στα χρόνια του
εμφυλίου. Αυτός ήταν και ο λόγος που σε αρκετά σημεία της χώρας, οι αντάρτες του
ΔΣΕ αντιμετωπιζόταν θετικά από τον πληθυσμό. Αυτό συνιστούσε τροχοπέδη για τον
ΕΣ αφού ο ΔΣΕ επωφελούταν άμεσα ή έμμεσα από αυτή την κατάσταση.
Αυτή η σχέση πληθυσμού – ανταρτών προσέφερε στον ΔΣΕ πολλά
πλεονεκτήματα. Τα πλεονεκτήματα αυτά μεταφράζονταν είτε σε ανεφοδιασμό και
τρόφιμα, είτε σε ανθρώπινο δυναμικό και πιθανές στρατολογήσεις είτε σε ένα δίκτυο
πληροφοριών. Αυτό σήμαινε πως οι κάτοικοι της υπαίθρου και κυρίως των ορεινών
περιοχών, μετατρέπονταν, συνειδητά ή όχι, σε άτυπους συμμάχους του ΔΣΕ,
παρέχοντάς του σπουδαίες υπηρεσίες. Με τον πληθυσμό κοντά οι αντάρτες είχαν όλα
όσα χρειάζονταν και μια ενδεχόμενη απουσία του θα ήταν ανεπανόρθωτο πλήγμα γι’
αυτούς και θα άλλαζε εντελώς τις ισορροπίες του πολέμου.
Το κράτος το αντιλήφθηκε αυτό και πήρε αρχικά κάποια μέτρα προς την
αντιμετώπιση του ζητήματος ήδη από το 1946. Επρόκειτο για κάποιους περιορισμούς
στη μετακίνηση των ορεινών πληθυσμών και έλεγχος της κίνησης σε αυτά.1
Ένα άλλο
μέτρο ήταν και οι διακρίσεις, μέχρι και η διακοπή βοήθειας σε χωριά ύποπτα για
συμπάθεια προς τους αντάρτες.2 Ουσιαστικά τα χωριά που υποστήριζαν τους αντάρτες
«τιμωρούνταν» για την «αντεθνική» δράση. Ωστόσο τα παραπάνω μέτρα δεν έφεραν
τα επιθυμητά αποτελέσματα και οι αντάρτες συνέχισαν να απολαμβάνουν τα
πλεονεκτήματα που τους προσέφερε ο πληθυσμός που βρισκόταν πλησίον τους. Αυτή
η εξέλιξη έφερε την λύση των εκκενώσεων προ των πυλών.
Για την οριστική αντιμετώπιση του προβλήματος η κυβέρνηση αποφάσισε την
αλλαγή της «ήπιας» πολιτικής και την υιοθέτηση πιο σκληρής πρακτικής. Αυτή
μεταφραζόταν σε εκκένωση των ορεινών περιοχών από τον τοπικό πληθυσμό και την
μεταφορά τους σε κέντρα ασφαλείας στην ύπαιθρο και πολύ περισσότερο στα αστικά
κέντρα. Το κράτος εφάρμοσε ένα σχέδιο πληθυσμιακής μηχανικής και πολιτικής
ελέγχου του πληθυσμού που διαπνεόταν από όλες τις αρχές της έννοιας και την
πολιτική της εδαφικότητας. Στόχος του ήταν η ανάκτηση του ελέγχου του πληθυσμού
και του εδάφους. Δηλαδή σε χώρο που ήταν από δύσκολο έως αδύνατο να ελέγξει, και
κατ’ επέκταση ούτε τον πληθυσμό σε αυτό το χώρο, προχώρησε στην εκκένωσή του
και τη βίαιη μεταφορά των ανθρώπων στα πεδινά ή στις πόλεις. Με λίγα λόγια άσκησε
μία πολιτική ελέγχου του ανθρώπου στο χώρο που δημιούργησε ζώνες ασφαλείας στο
ίδιο το έδαφός του, απομονώνοντας τους αντάρτες του ΔΣΕ και αχρηστεύοντας έτσι
την κοινωνική αποδοχή και δυναμική του. Ήταν μία επίδειξη της εδαφικοποιημένης
κρατικής κυριαρχίας
και μετά από την εφαρμογή της, τίποτα πια δεν ήταν το ίδιο στον
εμφύλιο πόλεμο.  (από την εισαγωγή της εργασίας)

Some authors in disability studies have identified limits of both the medical and social models of disability. They have developped an alternative model, which I call the ‘composite model of disability’, to theorise societies’ ableist norms and structures along with the subjective/phenomenological experience of disability. This model maintains that ableist oppression is not the only source of suffering for disabled people: impairment can be as well. From a feminist, queer, trans activist, anti-ableist perspective and using an intersectional, autoethnographic methodology, I apply this composite model of disability to trans identities to consider the potentially ‘debilitating’ aspects of transness. I argue that transness, like disability, has too often been perceived from two perspectives, medical or social, without the benefit of a third option. From a medical perspective, transness is reduced to an individual pathology curable with hormonal/surgical treatments, a conceptualisation that erases structural oppression. From a social point of view, transness is conceptualised as a neutral condition and variation in sex/gender identity. In this model, structural oppression (transphobia/cisgenderism) is seen as the only cause of ‘trans suffering’. I argue that, just as the medical and social models of disability provide limited opportunities for reflection on the complex experience of disability, medical and social understandings of transness, respectively, are insufficient to describe the complexity of trans experience. I explore the possibilities presented by the application of a composite model of disability in trans studies. By problematising both cisgenderist oppression and acknowledging trans people’s subjective experiences of suffering through some of the debilitating aspects of transness, this composite model avoids the pitfalls of the medical and social models. The application of tools from disability studies to trans issues uncovers cisnormativity in disability movements and denounces ableism in trans movements. This will, I hope, solidify alliances between these communities and fields of study.

Link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1057%2Ffr.2015.21

JOURNAL OF WORLD TRANSPORT POLICY & PRACTICE  This is a rather unusual and special issue of this
journal. It is dedicated to the memory of Louise
Darracott Britton who died in Amory, Mississippi
(USA) in October, 2000. Louise was the mother of one of
our editors, Eric Britton, and led a long, active and
healthy life until Parkinson’s Disease slowly
deprived her of independence and the means to live a
full life.
This journal has always taken a clear line on the
need for a human-centred conceptualisation of
transport. One of the key trends that has grown in
strength during the long period of Louise’s life is the
development of motorisation and high levels of
mobility. Whilst for some people this has produced a
dazzling array of destinations and travel
opportunities within a couple of hours driving time, for
others it has produced a sterile and machine
dominated world that reduces travel opportunities and
accentuates isolation. A child in the 1950s had far
more freedom and independent mobility than a child
has in 2002. For the elderly and those with mobility
problems the situation is much worse than it is for
children. A child is deprived of independent mobility
and freedom (see M. Hillman, J. Adams &
J. Whitelegg, (1990) One False Move: a study of
children’s independent mobility Policy Studies
Institute, London) but still has one or two parents who
will go to quite extraordinary lengths to ferry them
around, arrange visits and ensure that social networks
are as rich as geography, time and cash can permit.

Globally, disabled people are disproportionately excluded from the workforce. For the general population, it is recognised that having a job is closely linked to better health, wellbeing, self-esteem and to social inclusion. Disabled people are known to be disadvantaged in all these arenas and being employed may be a powerful route out of exclusion. The Inclusion Works programme (2018–2022), funded by the UK Department for International Development, aims to improve employment rates for people with disabilities in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda. This Working Paper provides an overview of disability as a concept and relevant global treaties and statistics, including evidence of trends and complexities in promoting disability inclusive employment broadly and with some focus on formal employment specifically. We describe the current situation in each of the four focus countries, demonstrating the similarities and differences between them. We then discuss some promising interventions that have been tried, usually on a small scale, in diverse settings, and which may be applicable in our four focus countries. Finally, we present the potential interventions that will be trialled in the Inclusion Works programme, using an innovation-driven, adaptive management approach.

Özet
Bireylerin yaşamlarında gereksinim duydukları en önemli konuların başında yeme–içme faaliyetleri gelmektedir. Günlük yaşam içerisinde bireylerin evlerinin dışında ortaya çıkan yeme–içme ihtiyacını karşılayan yiyecek içecek işletmeleri açısından menü hazırlayıp sunmanın temel amacı; satın alma aşamasından sunum aşamasına kadar geçen süre zarfında hammadde seçimi ve farklı tüketicilerin ihtiyaç ve beklentilerine cevap verebilmektir. Birbirinden farklı tüketici istek ve ihtiyaçlarının bulunmasının yanında, birbirinden bağımsız tüketiciler ve birbirinden farklı yaşam koşullarının varlığı da göz ardı edilemeyecek bir gerçektir. Sağlıklı bireylere göre daha sert ve zorlu yaşam şartlarına sahip olan, doğuştan veya sonradan bazı yetilerini kaybetmiş engelli bireyler günlük yaşamlarında bilgiye erişim ve kaynak elde edebilme problemleri yaşamaktadırlar. Braille alfabesiyle hazırlanan kaynakların, sayıları ve çeşitliliği az olup erişilebilmesi de zordur. Buradan hareketle engelli bireylerin, toplumun diğer üyeleriyle eşit bir şekilde yaşam sürdürebilmeleri için; Eskişehir’de faaliyet gösteren Oda Restoran’ın menüsü, Altı Nokta Körler Vakfı yardımıyla Braille alfabesi ile yeniden düzenlenmiş ve çalışmanın uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda görme engelli bireyler için hazırlanan ve pilot uygulaması gerçekleştirilen menünün, engelli bireyler tarafından algılanması; olumlu yönde olup, her bireyin aldığı hizmetten eşit şekilde faydalanma hakkı olduğunu ve her müşteri gibi kaliteli hizmet almak istediklerini ifade etmişlerdir.
Abstract
The most important issues in the life is mostly about eat and drink. The main purpose of preparing and presenting menu in terms of food and beverage companies; selection of raw materials from the purchasing stage to presentation stage and, to respond to different customer needs and expectations. Besides the presence of different consumer desires and needs, the presence of independent and disparate consumer life conditions are can’t be ignored. People with disabilities who having a harder and challenging living conditions compared to healthy individuals have problems to obtain the information and, access the resources in their daily lives. Braille alphabet resources diversity and numbers are less and, accessing to them are difficult. Hence people with disabilities, to sustain their lives on an equal basis with other members of the community; the menu of the Oda Restaurant that operates in Eskişehir, reorganized by Braille with the help of Six Dots Foundation and, the application was performed. The perception of the menu that prepared for the visually impaired people is positive, and visually impaired people represented that they would like to receive equal quality service as well as normal people.
(2014). Gazi Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 20-32

This thesis investigates the employment of personal assistants (PAs) by disabled individuals in the UK. Personal assistance is considered to be one of the most essential services necessary for disabled people to achieve ‘independent living’, and as such the right to directly employ PAs and to receive the funding needed to do so has been a central campaign objective of the Disabled People’s Movement (DPM) in the UK and elsewhere. However, both the employment of PAs and the concept of ‘independent living’ contain contradictions. Waged employment has been identified as a source of disabled people’s oppression, but in the personal assistance relationship it is treated as a means to their emancipation. The concept of ‘independence’ within the DPM framing of ‘independent living’ can be equated to autonomy, but the autonomy of disabled people is arguably achieved at the expense of that of PAs as workers. Semi-structured qualitative interviews with both PAs and disabled employers of PAs were used to attempt to gain new insight into these contradictions. Topics covered in these interviews included the relationships between PAs and employers, their interaction with other social relationships, the occupational status of PAs and possible ways to improve it, and barriers to the implementation of personal assistance as it was envisaged by the DPM. Both PAs and their employers are severely impacted by the political economics of austerity and the cultural devaluation of ‘dependence’ and the labour associated with it. Potential exists for organising personal assistance in ways other than direct employment of PAs by individuals, such as through co-operatives or informal collective models. However, all of these have advantages and disadvantages compared with direct employment. The thesis concludes with recommendations for policy, for further research and for action priorities within the DPM on personal assistance.

This paper gives an overview of Italian legal instruments that aim to ensure the integration and participation of disabled persons in the labour market and ultimately in society as a whole. The analysis moves from an examination of Constitutional standards to a consideration of the most detailed regulations. The author also discusses the influence and implementation of international legal regulations in Italian law and the possible different approaches to the definition of disability between these two levels. The paper also summarises the most relevant court decisions on the subject and describes the present labour market situation with regard to the employment of disabled persons as well as the effectiveness of the law instruments,  analysed by means of statistical data. Finally, the author analyses the role of Universities in the placement of young graduates with disabilities and gives examples of best practises and specific programs.

Neoliberal reforms lead to deep changes in healthcare systems around the world, on account of their emphasis on free market rather than the right to health. People with disabilities can be particularly disadvantaged by such reforms, due to their increased healthcare needs and lower socioeconomic status. In this article, we analyse the impacts of neoliberal reforms on access to healthcare for disabled people. This article is based on a critical analytical review of the literature and on two case studies, Chile and Greece. Chile was among the first countries to introduce neoliberal reforms in the health sector, which led to health inequalities and stratification of healthcare services. Greece is one of the most recent examples of countries that have carried out extensive changes in healthcare, which have resulted in a deterioration of the quality of healthcare services. Through a review of the policies performed in these two countries, we propose that the pathways that affect access to healthcare for disabled people include: a) Policies directly or indirectly targeting healthcare, affecting the entire population, including disabled people; and b) Policies affecting socioeconomic determinants, directly or indirectly targeting disabled people, and indirectly impacting access to healthcare. The power differentials produced through neoliberal policies that focus on economic rather than human rights indicators, can lead to a category of disempowered people, whose health needs are subordinated to the markets. The effects of this range from catastrophic out-of-pocket payments to compromised access to healthcare. Neoliberal reforms can be seen as a form of structural violence, disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable parts of the population – such as people with disabilities – and curtailing access to basic rights, such as healthcare.

I filed and served the above document today on landlord's attorney, one Jeff S. Bennett, Esq. who served the subject Motion to Dismiss (MTD) on me yesterday afternoon by email. The more he lags, the faster I get. In it you will find a summary of current Oregon law addressing common landlord-tenant issues as they apply to MOBILE HOME OWNERS on someone else's land, in this case the land is owned by a corporation and that corporation employs various minions each of whom does some compartmentalized task. All is well until there is a breach, then it becomes and adventure "through the looking glass" to get any human being to communicate in a meaningful way with this legally deaf tenant. The dialogue between is colorful and informative as this is not a typical eviction suit, in fact there is no eviction or defect to be corrected at this point, I only seek to prevent future harm. Defendant seeks attorneys' fees, of course!

This paper aims to determine the nature of and compliance with UK policy and legislation pertaining to people with disabilities, particularly with regard to access provisions for wheelchair users. It explores two aspects of wheelchair access in London; those of access to public transportation, and access to public and commercial premises. The findings suggest that the UK still has a long way to go in order to meet the access requirements for all and as such further research and policy adaptation are recommended.
Introduction

Access is considered by many to be at the heart of the modern disability movement (see Barnes, et al., 1999; Clarkson, et al., 2003; Goldsmith, 1997; Gore & Parckar, 2010; Imrie, 1997; Oliver, 1990; Swain, et al., 1993). In recent years accessibility has become something ‘to value and improve in an urban setting’ (Church & Marston, 2003, p. 83). As a key aspect of the geography of space, accessibility is currently a prime consideration in building design, transportation networks and land use strategies. Unfortunately, this has not always been the case and as such much of the built environment remains inaccessible to many people with disabilities (PwD ). In order to gauge current levels of accessibility it is important to understand the varying processes undertaken in arriving at this point. This will be discussed in the first section of this paper by defining disability and discussing both the individual and social models of disability which are so highly debated in the literature. This is followed by a short account detailing the establishment of basic human rights for people with disabilities; and continues with a chronology of UK legislation with regards to both disability and access. The section closes with a brief portrayal of the extent of disability within the UK.

The term disability covers an enormous range of conditions, affecting people in countless ways thus causing a wide variety of access issues. The depiction of a white wheelchair on a blue background (Figure 1) has become synonymous with accessibility, and in fact, disability as a whole  (Watson & Woods, 2005). The second section of the paper focuses on wheelchair access within the UK, providing a review of prior research with the aim of establishing the main access barriers faced by city dwelling wheelchair users. The two main barriers were found to be a) getting to a goods/service provider, and b) entering the premises.

An extensive review of wheelchair access throughout the London Public Transport Network attempts to address a large facet of the first barrier, getting to a goods/service provider. The second issue, entering the premises, was examined through the use of an access audit; the entrances of 241 goods/service providers were assessed in order to determine current levels of wheelchair access into public and commercial premises within a 250m radius of two of London’s accessible Underground stations.

The research in this paper will contribute to the existing body of literature in that it appears to be both the first thorough review of public transport in London with regard to wheelchair accessibility and the first large scale  qualitative access audit in both London and the wider UK.

This project seeks to answer the following research questions:

1) How has accessibility policy within the UK changed in recent years?

2) Is current accessibility policy within the UK more closely aligned with the individual or social model of disability?

3) What is the extent of wheelchair access to the London public transport network?

4) What is the extent of wheelchair access to public and commercial premises around two accessible stations in London?

 Οι ανάπηροι πολέμου 1912-1922: ιδιωτική φιλανθρωπία ή κράτος πρόνοιας; (α΄ μέρος), περ.Τα Ιστορικά, τ. 61, Δεκέμβριος, 2014
το άρθρο αυτό παρουσιάζει την εμφάνιση και την πρώτη αντιμετώπιση από το κράτος και την κοινωνία του ζητήματος των αναπήρων πολέμου

Το κείμενο αυτό είναι αφιερωμένο στον ανηψιό μου Κωνσταντίνο Γιαννόπουλο και την μεγάλη προσπάθειά του

This paper explores the traits of the leadership dexterity of special students. Leadership in special students is not an expected phenomenon. Cases of special students studying at the University of Tampere, Finland are reported on here. Each case contributes uniqueness and offers qualitative insight into this phenomenon. Interviews were conducted on the respondent's willingness. The interviewees were special students who suffered from different special dexterities such as cerebral palsy, dyslexia, and height phobia. The findings suggest that realizing weakness is important and transforming these in strengths that lead to behavioral changes. Initiating special abilities enhances in strengthening the weaknesses empowering them to perform better through adaptability. Their initiative persistence is high because they are pushing themselves harder. This empowers them to increase their competence through maintaining the stability and adaptability to perform. However, losing persistence is another form of weaknesses.

OZET Bu çaltşmanm amacı; fiziksel aktivite imkant bulan mental retarde çocuklarla, fiziksel aktivite imkant bulamayan mental retarde çocuklarm bazı moton'k özelliklerini karşılaştınp, fiziksel aktiviteye kattfan mental retarde çocuklann moton'k kazantmlann! ortaya koymaktır, Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 12.00±2.16 yılolan deney grubunda 6, kontrol grubunda 6 olmak üzere 12 erkek mental retarde çocuk kattfmıştlr. Gruplar arasında boy uzunluklannda ve vücut ağırlıklarında istatistiksel farkNıkiara rastlanmamıştır (p>O,05), Görsel sağ el reaksiyon zamam, işitsel reaksiyon zamam, 1Ox5m mekik koşusu ve otur-uzan test/elinde p<0.01 düzeyinde, sağlık topu fır/atma testinde p<O.05 düzeyinde istatistikselolarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Görsel sağ el reaksiyon zamanı ve durarak uzun atlama test sonuçlan fiziksel aktivite yapan grubun lehine olmasma rağmen istatistikselolarak anlamlı fark bulunmam/ştır (p>0.05). Bu sonuçlara göre; fiziksel aktiviteye katılan mental retarde çocuklann motorik gelişimlerinin olumlu etkileneceği ve bunun toplum içerisinde entegrasyonlanna yardımcı olabi/eceği söylenebilir, Anahtar Kelime/er: Mental Retardasyon, Spor SUMMARY The aim of this study was to compare some motoric characteristics of mentally retarded boys who have opportunity to engage in physical activity, with mentally retarded boys who haven't opportunity to engage in physical activity and to reveal the m%ric gains of mentally retarded boys participating in physical activity, 12 mentally retarded boys with an average age of 12.00 :t 2.16 participated in the studyand subjects were assigned to two groups; an experimental group (n =6) and control group (n =6). Statistical difference wasn~ found for height and weight in groups (p>0.05). Significant difrenCfJs were found; visual right-hand reaction time, audıal reaction time, 10 x 5 m shuttle run, sit and reach tests (p<0.01) and throwing health-balı test (p<0.05) level in statistics. Physical activity group were superior for visual right-hand reaction time and standing lang-jump tests value but no sicnificant differences found in statistical (p>0.05) Acording /0 this results, mentally re/arded childeren who were involved in physical activities improved their motoric development and enchanced motoric development can help men/ally retarded childeren to adapt complexities of social environment.

The writings republished here will be of special interest for those taking courses in Disability Studies, Disability History Studies and those with an enquiring mind interested in the philosophy of ideas.

The articles and drawings shared here were first published 38 years ago.  At the time of its creation those campaigning for equality for disabled people in the UK, were just a few mainly isolated individuals, and this text reflects the period of its creation.  However, from tiny  seeds great plants can emerge.

The monograph presents, from the disabled consumer's perspective, a description and critique of independent living and attendant care services in Sweden. First, a brief description of Swedish welfare policy as it applies to the population as a whole is presented. Next, services available to people with disabilities are described with emphasis on personal assistance programs which help to keep disabled and elderly citizens out of institutions. These services are then evaluated based on available statistical material, contacts with providers and consumers of the services, and the disabled author's own experiences. These services include personal assistants, the county home health service, escort services, evening patrols, emergency call systems, and cluster housing. Assessment is in terms of administrative compartmentalization, economic and other obstacles to deinstitutionalization, professionalism and limited consumer input, decentralized financial responsibility and regional inequality, and limited consumer choices. Noteri is the formation of the Stockholm Independent Living Group of disabled consumers concerned with increasing choices in personal assistance alternatives. Research issues in the areas of needs assessment, redefining institutions, degree of consumer control, quality criteria, and program design are identified. An appendix contains design criteria for personal assistance programs. Finally, four commentaries by American rehabilitation experts are added. (DB)

Leta 2019 je z določenimi spremembami in popravki Zakona o spremembah in dopolnitvah Zakona o osebni asistenci začel veljati nov Zakon o osebni asistenci. Po njem posameznikovo potrebo po osebni asistenci ocenjuje strokovna komisija. Napiše usklajeno strokovno mnenje, na podlagi tega pa lokalni centri za socialno delo izdajo odločbo, v kateri je določena vsebina osebne asistence in število ur, ki posamezniku glede na njegove potrebe pripadajo. Prispevek se ukvarja z vprašanjem  vključenosti in ovrednotenjem uporabniške izkušnje v strokovnih komisijah. Po zakonu in trenutni praksi osebe z izkušnjo oviranosti v strokovnih komisijah sodelujejo kot izvedenci socialnega varstva ali kot predstavniki uporabnikov, če se vlagatelj odloči, da si v svoji komisiji predstavnika uporabnikov želi. Raziskava, izvedena leta 2019, dokazuje, da je vključenost oseb z izkušnjo oviranosti v strokovne komisije ključna za uspešnost ocene, saj zmanjšuje možnost pristranskega ocenjevanja zaradi predsodkov do oseb z različnimi oviranostmi in nerazumevanja njihovih realnih sposobnosti. Zaradi podobne življenjske izkušnje in poznavanja področja se hitreje vzpostavi zaupen odnos, ki omogoča dovolj natančen vpogled v življenje posameznika za realno oceno potreb po osebni asistenci.

Personal assistance and user experience: inclusion and evaluation of user
experience in expert commissions. In the 2019, a new Personal Assistance Act came into force with certain amendments and corrections. According to it, the individual’s need for personal assistance is evaluated by the expert commission which produces a shared opinion about the contents and extent of personal assistance. The paper
deals with the issue of inclusion and evaluation of user experience in the expert commissions. According to the law and current practice, people with disabilities can participate in the expert commissions as social work experts or as user representatives, if the applicant wishes to have a representative in his/her commission. The research done in 2019 proves that the involvement of people with disabilities in the expert commissions is essential for the success of the assessment, as it reduces the possibility of biased assessment based on prejudices against people with disabilities and the lack of understanding of their real abilities. Due to a similar life experience and knowledge of the field, a trusting relationship is established more quickly, which enables a sufficiently precise insight into the life of the individual so that a realistic assessment of the individual’s need for personal assistance can be made

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę przewozów pasażerskich na terenie miasta Elbląga, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem problemów osób niepełnosprawnych i ograniczonych ruchowo. Przeprowadzoną analizę oparto o statystyczne zestawienie rzeczywistej liczby kursów realizowanych przez przewoźników autobusowych i tramwajowych, zwracając uwagę na stopień wykorzystania nowoczesnego taboru niskopodłogowego. Odniesiono się do rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych i użytkowych zastosowanych w pojazdach miejskich, które zostały nałożone przez obowiązujące regulacje oraz przepisy prawne. Pomimo, iż ocena faktycznego stopnia realizacji omawianych zagadnień dotyczy społeczności lokalnej, formułowane wnioski czy spostrzeżenia mają charakter bardziej ogólny. Wynika to z konieczności wskazywania i eliminacji obszarów dysfunkcji współczesnych systemów transportowych, gdyż z podobnymi problemami spotykają się pasażerowie innych miast.

Symbol of justice is a blindfolded lady. Blind to all diversity, it provides impartial law and equal treatment for all citizens. Their rationality, cooperativeness, autonomy and independence confirm their legal equality. However, what about the people who, for various reasons, do not meet those conditions? Can a political community apply the principles of (political) justice to them? Does it relate to them unfairly excluding them from political relationships or building relationships with them on sympathy and compassion? Can compassion and empathy replace justice and the right to obtain justice? This paper, therefore examines the relationship between concept of political justice and disabled persons.

Self-esteem is an organised collection of beliefs, feelings of one-self which makes the individual aware of continuing identity as a person, it is the central scheme in one’s personality. It refers to an individual’s sense of his or her value or worth or to extend to which a person’s value, approves, appreciates, prizes or like himself or herself. Adolescence is the period during which a younger person develops sense of identity and feeling of self-worth and self-esteem. As adolescence being a stage of tremendous physical, cognitive and effective changes in identity and self-image, visually disabled adolescents faces difficulties on many of basic functioning. They can’t satisfy of many of basic emotional and social needs thus become victims of low self-esteem. The disability condition affects one’s self-esteem and negative self-evaluation. This paper examines the self-esteem of visually disabled adolescents and the impact of age, sex, academic achievement of the adolescents on self-esteem. Random sampling technique was used and 60 samples of age group 12-19 years were collected with the Sorensen “Self-esteem Test 2006” from the disabled institutions/centres situated in Imphal East and Imphal West Districts of Manipur, India. The data collected was analysed by using SPSS (version 25.0). Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, percentage as well as‘t’-test and correlation have been adopted to measure the results more efficiently and accurately and to test the hypotheses. Findings reported that lower self-esteem of the visually disabled adolescents. There was impact of age, sex, and academic achievement of the adolescents on self-esteem level. Thus, the results could analyse about the impact factors on self-esteem of the visually disabled adolescents. The study suggested that special needs education system should be incorporated in the curriculum so as to enhance the self-esteem, live skills, co-curricular activities suitable for the disability environment. Moreover, the disabled institutions/centres must develop different mechanisms of creating a conducive environment specially designed for the disabled students. As a whole, the institutions should provide facilities to recognise and acceptance of the disabled adolescents in the society.

Keywords: Self-esteem, Visually Disabled, Adolescents, Personality and Manipur.

This article aims to shed light on the Caravana de la integración en sillas de ruedas (wheelchair integration caravan), a group of around 20 physically disabled people, who travelled more than one thousand kilometres in wheelchairs from the Bolivian city of Trinidad to the capital, La Paz. The trip lasted 90 days (from 15 November 2011 to mid-February 2012) and aimed to assert their right to receive an allowance of 3,000 Bolivian pesos. In examining the specificity of this social movement, it seems relevant to compare it to another march organised by a group of Spanish disabled people in September 1933 between Zaragoza and Madrid. These Spanish activists were asking for employment in the government administration, and lifetime benefits for those who were not able to work. This comparison will look at both the environments that fostered the development of such protests and how this type of action has changed over time and adapted to the economic, social and technological changes in the 20 th century. We will also look at the different political impacts of these two marches.

Trata-se de estudo desenvolvido a partir de um caso concreto e que discute um problema muito comum no campo do acesso à Justiça, agravado em relação à pessoa deficiente: o órgão jurisdicional competente para uma ação ser distante do domicílio da pessoa deficiente que é parte. O estudo enfrenta esta difícil questão de acesso à Justiça e tanta fornecer uma resposta: ou ao menos provoca uma discussão sobre este importante tema.

Community care policy has, simultaneously, attempted to reduce institutional care, contain costs, and emphasise individual and family responsibility for personal welfare. As a result, disabled people often have no choice about relying on informal carers for the support that enables them to live in their own homes. The implications of New Labour's emphasis on "work for those who can, security for those who can't" and of third way emphasis on obligations are explored for carers and disabled people. Both stand to lose from these emphases. Joint campaigning, informed by a common theoretical model, may have more to offer than separatism.

This paper introduces a monitoring and navigation system to help people with disabilities (MND WSN). The proposed system is based on wireless sensor networks. In the MND WSN system, each disabled person uses a handheld smart phone device. Three types of disabilities are studied in this paper: (1) blind, (2) deaf, and (3) on wheelchair. We experimented with a three-floor university building. Sensor nodes and cameras are scattered in all rooms and hallways. Smart phones are used to communicate with the sensor nodes to take instructions to navigate through the appropriate path. Dijkstra's algorithm is used for navigation. MND WSN also monitors the disabled person while navigating. The proposed system is compared to a baseline reference experiment. Results show improvement of 34% compared to the baseline reference experiment.

— Eye tracking as an interface to operate a computer is under research for a while and new systems are still being developed nowadays that provide some encouragement to those bound to illnesses that incapacitates them to use any other form of interaction with a computer. Although using computer vision processing and a camera, these systems are usually based on head mount technology being considered a contact type system. This paper describes the implementation of a human-computer interface based on a fully non-contact eye tracking vision system in order to allow people with tetraplegia to interface with a computer. As an assistive technology, a graphical user interface with special features was developed including a virtual keyboard to allow user communication, fast access to pre-stored phrases and multimedia and even internet browsing. This system was developed with the focus on low cost, user friendly functionality and user independency and autonomy.

Recommendations for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the High-Level Panel emphasise powerful and aspiring themes, including leaving no one behind. However, in a developing country like Nepal, nearly 95 percent of the people with disabilities live below the poverty line, and more than two-thirds do not receive basic education, healthcare services and vocational training for employment. Therefore, would it actually be possible to leave no one behind and achieve inclusive development for everybody?