Clickbait

O Verne é uma criação laboratorial do jornal espanhol El País que teve início em 2014. Ele surgiu com a proposta de explorar a rede mundial de computadores e divulgar "as histórias mais incríveis da internet”. Para isso utiliza-se de uma linguagem adaptada aos hábitos do consumo imediatistas da informação difundida na web. Este estudo de caso pretende demonstrar por meio de uma análise de conteúdo a linguagem e a performance desse estilo jornalístico que, afinal, não é tão nova assim, mas que retoma com força alguns mecanismos retóricos de comunicação aliando-os aos mais recentes formatos possibilitados pela tecnologia.

With the arrival of the Internet the already-existing mass media have undergone a complete revolution. Among the most affected subtypes one could easily distinguish the press, which had to find its own place within the new medium. The fierce competition in the realm of online publishing has engendered a number of idiosyncratic linguistic devices used to lure the readers. One of the most popular ones is the phenomenon recognized as clickbait, i.e. an umbrella term for a number of techniques used to attract attention and arouse curiosity. In the following paper, we shall investigate the presence of the said phenomenon in online headlines. In order to do that we shall perform a corpus-based analysis of the data acquired from the most popular American social news outlets on the Internet, namely Buzzfeed, TMZ and E!Online. Apart from establishing the extent to which clickbait has dominated online headlines, we shall also pinpoint and discuss the specific linguistic techniques used to att...

El artículo aborda el clickbait, una estrategia del periodismo viral que busca provocar que los usuarios accedan al vínculo de una página mediante una selección noticiosa y estrategias de redacción que funcionan como cebo. La investigación aporta una definición más
completa que las registradas hasta ahora, así como una caracterización de las variables asociadas al fenómeno.  En su fase empírica, recurre al análisis de contenido para comprobar la presencia de clickbait en 2.266 mensajes emitidos en Facebook y Twitter por El País y El Mundo.
La investigación detecta una alta presencia de contenidos clickbait en ambos medios (41,6% de media), así como una prevalencia de técnicas como: información incompleta, preeminencia de soft news, repetición y serialización o utilización de hipérboles.  La escasez de
investigaciones sobre clickbait exige intensificar el análisis de su evolución y vigilar las consecuencias que tiene en la calidad de la información que circula en redes sociales.

In recent years, universities have been embroiled in debates about the appropriate ways to incorporate social justice concerns into teaching and research. From attempts to place hoax articles in academic journals in order to demonstrate biases in the editorial process to claims that campus activism impinges on free speech, these debates often suggest that radical and progressive politics are responsible for a decline in tolerance and academic standards. But the opposite is often true. Take, for example, "The Case for Colonialism," an article published by Third World Quarterly (TWQ) in 2017 which infamously argued that many "poor" countries would be better off today if colonial systems of government were reinstated. While the controversy around the article, which was ultimately retracted, has been well covered, what is less well known is that the Editor-in-Chief was the sole owner of this journal (and now owns it jointly with his daughter). Although the academic publisher, Taylor & Francis, publishes TWQ, the editor derives a healthy profit from it. As former members of the TWQ Editorial Board who resigned over "The Case for Colonialism," we remain concerned today about the ways that this unique financial arrangement influenced the decision to publish, and the way such commercial pressures continue to threaten the integrity of academic publishing. In short: "clickbait" can dictate what is published, even when the published content is of questionable quality. To begin, it is worth reviewing briefly how the TWQ controversy unfolded. In September 2017, amidst growing debates about colonialism's impact, an article by the political scientist Bruce Gilley appeared in TWQ defending colonialism's record and calling for its return. The article immediately attracted controversy, with scholars debunking its underlying cost-benefit analysis and drawing attention to its lack of citations to existing literature that would contradict Gilley's assertions. These concerns, entirely on grounds of academic merit, would ordinarily have been raised during peer review, and the journal-historically respected for its academic rigor as well as its commitment to anti-colonial politics-began to face questions about how the article had been peer reviewed. Critics wondered whether "academia has been hacked" and they were right. Prior to publication, no board member had ever seen the Gilley article, and when the article appeared, we as board members began contacting the editor, wondering whether the publication was a hoax, a mistake, or an exercise in irony. In the ensuing board debate over how to respond to the controversy, we discovered that the article had initially been rejected by two guest editors of a then-forthcoming special issue on imperialism, with the editor deciding nonetheless to send it out for peer review as a standalone paper instead. When one of the peer reviewers rejected the paper, while the other called for "major revisions," the editor nevertheless decided unilaterally to publish the paper. In short, the article did not pass the peer-review process, but was published anyway for its ability to spark political debate, rather than for its scholarly merit.

Este artículo propone un análisis de los titulares clickbait publicados desde las cuentas oficiales de los medios y que se reflejan en el Feed de noticias de sus seguidores en Facebook. A través de un análisis descriptivo con base en una observación estructurada de las publicaciones de los medios en esta red, se estudian la estructura y las principales características de estos titulares, así como el uso que hacen los medios del clickbait. Se observa una tendencia a la modificación del titular original cuando este es publicado en Facebook, omitiendo información esencial y empleando recursos lingüísticos como los signos de puntuación, mayúsculas, números o adjetivos para llamar la atención de los lectores y motivarles a que hagan clic en el enlace. A menudo el usuario es atraído por un contenido que crea falsas expectativas respecto a lo que finalmente se encuentra publicado en la web del medio.

İçinde bulunduğumuz dijital çağın olanaklarıyla yeniden şekillenen habercilik anlayışıyla beraber, habere/bilgiye
erişmek isteyen medya tüketicisinin dijital kaynakları kullanım/tüketim alışkanlıklarında değişim meydana
gelmiştir. Web sayfalarının öne çıkabilmesi için ölçülebilir değer olarak tıklanma oranı kullanıldığından,
okuyucunun sayfalarında kalmayı sürdürmesini hedefleyen haber siteleri, Clickbait (tık avcılığı) yöntemine
başvurmaktadırlar. Sansasyonel başlıklarla okuyucunun dikkati habere çekilerek, içeriğin/haberin tamamına
ulaşabilmesi için pek çok tıklama (Click) yapması gerekliliği üzerine kurulu bir gazetecilik stratejisi olarak ele alınan
Clickbait, okuyucuya harcattığı zaman ve içeriğin başlık kadar sansasyonel olmaması nedenleriyle Internet
üzerinden haber okuyanlar için sorun oluşturmaya başlamıştır. Bu araştırma, Clickbait’in ayrıntılı bir tanımını
yaparak, bu gazetecilik stratejisine karşı Twitter üzerinden bir alternatif oluşturan, okuyucunun haber içeriğini
öğrenmesine yönelik kolaylık sağlamayı hedefleyen Limon Haber üzerinden farklı bir perspektif sunmayı
hedeflemektedir. Araştırma kapsamında, Twitter’da 70 binin üzerinde takipçisi bulunan Limon Haber’in
editörüyle derinlemesine görüşme yapılmış, Limon Haber’in haberleri servis etme biçimi söylem ve içerik analizi
yöntemlerinden faydalanılarak incelenmiştir. Clickbait haberciliğin okuyucuya haberi eksik vermesi, yüzeysel bilgi
aktarması ve tekrara düşmesinin yanı sıra, Trapped Click (kapana kısılmış tık) yöntemiyle haberin okuyucuya
şüpheli gelmeye başlaması neticesinde Limon Haber gibi alternatiflere ihtiyaç duyulduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
İlgili alanda Clickbait üzerine yapılmış çalışmaların azlığı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, araştırmanın Internet
haberciliğinin geldiği noktaya dair bir kesit sunması hedeflenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Clickbait, Dijital Gazetecilik, Twitter, Trapped Click

Internet, Web 2.0 and algorithmic culture have a profound impact on the information world, determining new business models, confusing journalist and reader roles, making algorithms tools for managing, circulating and accessing at the news. The traditional information: in-depth, verified and mediated by newspapers has been replaced by content platforms, characterized by a disintermediated environment in which social actors are transformed into hybrid subjects: no longer producers or consumers of news, but prosumers. The rapidity through which these changes occurred, led to a series of information disturbances variously described with the term disinformation. The document intends to investigate the phenomenon starting from the Italian historical characteristics of information system, reasoning on the causes in terms of Mcdonaldization of production.

Digital transformations entail continually reviewing the various Communication models and processes. The influence of the media themselves as agenda setters for an ever more active audience and social networks that select and make certain content they receive viral are also affected by such a convergent context. This current research analyses a model called here the ‘triple agenda’ within the media themselves, in which the journalistic criterion of relevance and their audience’s preferences in the web and the networks travel along different paths. The proposal includes the users and the viral effect as influencing agents in the shape and selection of news, generating a news gap of interests between the media and their audiences. In order to test this model, we study an exploratory case in ElPaís.es, applying a content analysis to the information (n=420) distributed among the online front page, what is most read by the audience in its webpage, and the most viral in its Twitter accoun...

There is a general agreement that the so-called digital revolution had a dramatic impact on many aspects of human life including the shape of contemporary media. Exceptionally, we have witnessed not only the process of remodeling the press in general, but also the creation of the brand new forms of journalism, which tend to focus on social news and entertainment. An archetypal example may be the US news website Buzzfeed. The following article aims to provide an insight into the most prevalent linguistic features of Buzzfeed headlines. The material acquired for the purpose of the study has been derived from the said website and incorporated into a corpus. The analysis shall focus on the examples of linguistic creativity, formulaicness and acronymization, as well as the use of offensive language and euphemisms. As regards the results of the study, they will allow us to project the linguistic image of the contemporary social news and entertainment journalism.

Günümüzde, etkileşim odaklı şekillenen yeni medya ekosistemi yeni gazetecilik pratikleri ve tanımlamalarının önünü açmıştır. İletişim çalışmalarına farklı bir açılım sunan Marshall McLuhan’ın “araç mesajdır” perspektifinden hareketle, medyum özelinde gerçekleşen değişikliğin medya anlayışındaki değişikliği de belirlediğini savunan görüşler ön plana çıkmaktadır. Son yıllarda yaşanan gelişmeler göstermiştir ki medya ve gazetecilik alanında yaşanan dijital dönüşüm, haber üretim süreçlerine sağladığı pek çok avantajın yanı sıra bazı dezavantajları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Özellikle gazetecilikten ziyade “girişimcilik” motivasyonun ağır bastığı modellerde gelir kaynaklarını çeşitlendirmek temel mesele hâline gelmiştir. Yeni medya özelinde haber üretimi merkeze alındığında haber algoritmalarının içerik üzerindeki belirleyiciliği, dijital alandaki haberin doğası üzerine yapılacak sorgulamaları gerekli kılmaktadır. Tık tuzağı, tık haberciliği, “clickbait” haber gibi etik sorunları merkeze çeken kavramlar görünür hâle gelmiştir. Haber içerik ve metinlerinin tıklama üzerine kurgulanması, haberin sadece yanlış ve spekülatif olmasıyla ilgili değildir. Temel bilgilerin bulunmasının zorlaştırılması, metinde birden fazla aynı kelimenin ve başlığın kullanılması, kaydırma (scrolling) ile okuyucunun sayfada daha fazla vakit geçirmeye teşvik edilmesi gibi uygulamalar da “tık tuzağı” olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu bağlamda, İnternet medyumundan hareketle reklam ve algoritmaların haber dilini nasıl etkilediğini ve bu konunun habercilik adına ne tür sorunları beraberinde getirdiği bu çalışmanın problemini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, araştırma nesnesi olarak Türkiye Futbol Süper Ligi (TSL) maçlarının anons haberleri belirlenmiştir. Gazete haberlerinde bir maçın tarihi, saati, hangi kanalda yayınlandığı gibi temel bilgilere erişimin nasıl sağlandığının sorgulanması amacıyla TSL 2020-2021 sezonu eylül ve ekim aylarında dört büyük takımın (Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe, Beşiktaş ve Trabzonspor) maçlarının HürriyetSpor, NTVSpor, SözcüSkor, Fanatik ve FotoMaç İnternet sayfalarındaki haber anonsları ve bilgilendirme metinleri incelenmiştir. Metinlerin İnternet sitelerinde nasıl yayınlandığı -niteliksel boyutu öncelikli- içerik analizi tekniği ile Biyani, Tsioutsiouliklis ve Blackmer (2016, s. 96) tarafından belirlenen 8 farklı tık odaklı haber kategorisi kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve yapısal sorunlar belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analiz sonucunda, ilgili gazetelerdeki TSL maç anonslarında, “Belirsiz Bırakma”, “Merak Uyandırma” ve “Yazıyı Biçimlendirme” gibi unsurların yer aldığı saplanmıştır. Haber başlıklarında istenilen bilgilere cevap verilmediği, genellikle soru sorarak okuyucuda merak uyandırmanın hedeflendiği ve haber metinlerinde de aynı soruların tekrarlanarak okuyucuların kaydırma yapmaya yönlendirildiği tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, haber dili algoritmik arayışlara cevap verecek şekilde değiştirilmektedir. Arama motorlarında sayfanın ilk sonuçlarda çıkmasına yönelik ortaya konulan bu pratik, sadece algoritmayı önceleyen bir habercilik anlayışını doğurmaktadır. Bu konunun dijital gazetecilik ve reklamcılık yöndeşmesinin bir sonucu olduğu ve aracın yapısal özelliklerini “haber” olarak kurgulayan bu pratiğin bilgi/enformasyon değil, algoritma eksenli bir habercilik anlayışını beslediği söylenebilir.

Resumo: Os bairros sociais perpetuam-se numa imagem pré-estabelecida que os conota com problemas relacionados com a violência, a insalubridade social e com a delinquência. Esta construção parte, por norma, do exterior do bairro, apoiando-se em exemplos generalizados e assim objectificando uma imagem própria. Este processo propaga a já existente exclusão destes bairros. A referida exclusão desenrola-se a vários níveis, como na falta de acesso aos direitos sociais mais básicos para os seus moradores. Foram consultados artigos de sites jornalísticos publicados online no período entre 2011-2015. Procedeu-se à recolha online nos seus respectivos sítios, através de pesquisa de termos conducentes a notícias relevantes. Aponta-se como objectivo observar esta construção de uma imagem do bairro – a Quinta do Mocho – onde simultaneamente se realiza um projecto de criação de Galeria de Arte Pública com apoio autárquico. Este projecto consiste na realização de murais de street art que cobrem as empenas dos prédios deste bairro. Fabrica-se assim uma imagem positiva do bairro contrariando o negativismo mediático. Pretende-se com este trabalho entender como os jornais portugueses constroem e alteram a imagem deste bairro, de acordo com as mudanças operadas no mesmo.

Palavras-chave: Quinta do Mocho, street art, imprensa online.

Abstract: There is a pre-established image that is perpetuated about social neighbourhoods which connotes them with problems related to violence, social noxiousness and delinquency. The construction starts, usually, from outside the neighbourhoods, supported by generalised examples and then objectifying a specific image. This process propagates the already existing problem of exclusion in this neighbourhoods. The exclusion operates on different levels, as the lack of access to the most basic social rights for their inhabitants is an example. I consulted several articles from journalistic sites published online between the period of 2011-2015, were analysed. We proceeded to collect online in the respective places through searching using terms leading to relevant news articles. This article has as its objective to observe the construction of an image of the neighbourhood – the Quinta do Mocho – where simultaneously there is a project in development, dedicated to the creation of a gallery of public art, supported by the local authority. This project consists in the realisation of street art murals which cover the sides of the neighbourhood's building, thus fabricating a positive image of the neighbourhood, countering the mediatic negativism. This work pretends to understand how Portuguese newspapers construct and change the image of this neighbourhood, through the changes operated in it.

With the arrival of the Internet the already-existing mass media have undergone a complete revolution. Among the most affected subtypes one could easily distinguish the press, which had to find its own place within the new medium. The fierce competition in the realm of online publishing has engendered a number of idiosyncratic linguistic devices used to lure the readers. One of the most popular ones is the phenomenon recognized as clickbait, i.e. an umbrella term for a number of techniques used to attract attention and arouse curiosity. In the following paper, we shall investigate the presence of the said phenomenon in online headlines. In order to do that we shall perform a corpus based analysis of the data acquired from the most popular American social news outlets on the Internet, namely Buzzfeed, TMZ and E!Online. Apart from establishing the extent to which clickbait has dominated online headlines, we shall also pinpoint and discuss the specific linguistic techniques used to attract potential readers.

With the peristaltic gurglings of this gastēr-investigative procedural – a soooo welcomed addition to the ballooning corpus of slot-versatile bad eggs The Confraternity of Neoflagellants (CoN) – [users] and #influencers everywhere will be belly-joyed to hold hands with neomedieval mutter-matter that literally sticks and branches, available from punctum in both frictionless and grip-gettable boke-shaped formats. A game-changer in Brownian temp-controlled phoneme capture, ρan-ρan’s writhing paginations are completely oxygen-soaked, overwriting the flavour profiles of 2013’s thN Lng folk 2go with no-holds-barred argumentations on all voice-like and lung-adjacent functions. Rumoured by experts to be dead to the World™, CoN has clearly turned its ear canal arrays towards the jabbering OMFG feedback signals from their scores of naive listeners, scrapping all lenticular exegesis and content profiles to construct taped-together vernacular dwellings housing ‘shrooming atmospheric awarenesses...

Diante da perspectiva de que o Brasil é o país que mais consome notícias online nas mídias sociais, este artigo observa o uso da estratégia denominada caça-cliques na formatação dos títulos de matérias veiculadas naquelas plataformas. Conceitos fundamentais do jornalismo e as tendências comunicacionais e comportamentais do meio digital compuseram a discussão teórica para compreender a busca contínua pela audiência como fator decisivo para o sucesso ou fracasso da narrativa jornalística na web. O cruzamento de dados coletados nas fanpages mantidas pelos três portais de notícias do país mais populares no Facebook com as regras que regem a titulação do texto jornalístico identificou cinco padrões de escrita distintos que sugerem a caça ao clique, prática alheia às teorias que responsabilizam o título a resumir a notícia e descrever com precisão o fato reportado. Cabe refletir até que ponto os caça-cliques deixam de agir como mero estímulo e passam a manipular a informação.

The rapid transformation in journalism practice has resulted from the digitization of the
communication space, particularly with the advent of the internet. Nigerian media, like
media in other parts of the world, is going through a period of rapid internet and ICT
penetration. Nigerian newspapers have unquestionably found themselves in an online
world where the advancement of ICT has greatly facilitated their use. This study,
therefore investigates how online media, particularly newspapers, use clickbait titles as
tools to lure their readers to click on particular titles in their websites. The study adopts
a hybrid method of content analysis that involves the use of Algorithmic Text Analysis
using Litrl News Verification Browser which was developed by the Language and
Information Research Lab of the Faculty of Information and Media Studies University
Of Western Ontario, London Canada to help in detecting clickbait, fake news, and
fabricated news and manual quantitative content analysis. The study is situated within
the theories of Technological Determinism by Marshall McLuhan and Mediamorphosis
developed by Roger Fidler. The major findings of this study reveal that, out of 10,242
news titles, 5,039 are clickbait titles, which constitute almost half of the news titles
amounting to 49.2 percent of all news categories. Also, the study findings reveal that
The Tribune newspaper gives more prominence to clickbait titles than any other
newspaper more than one-third of the clickbait titles found are on the top part of its
homepage. The study recommends that the use of clickbait titles in online newspapers
in Nigerian should be controlled. Individuals should be equipped with clickbait detecting tools.

Introduction. This article addresses clickbait as a strategy of viral journalism that seeks to lure users into clicking on a link to a page through tactics such as sensationalist stories and eye-catching headlines that work as bait. This research aims to provide a more complete definition of this phenomenon, as well as a characterisation of the variables associated with it. Methods. In its empirical phase, the study resorts to content analysis to check for the presence of clickbait strategies in 2,266 news stories posted on Facebook and Twitter by El País and El Mundo. Results. The research detected a high presence of clickbait content in both newspapers (41.6% on average), as well as the prevalence of techniques such as: incomplete information, pre-eminence of soft news, repetition and serialisation, and use of hyperboles. Discussion. The scarcity of research on clickbait requires the intensification of the analysis of its evolution and the monitoring of its consequences on the quality of the news circulating on social networks.

Esta tesina buscó describir los titulares clickbait del portal de noticias
Infobae. Se entiende que dicha práctica tiene como objetivo generar el click del lector a partir de la curiosidad basada en el suspenso y la emotividad. Es por eso que, en primer lugar, se intentó comprobar si los títulos fueron redactados bajo esta técnica, para luego, caracterizar la manera en que se los construyó.

Además, se explicaron los cambios que sufrió el periodismo y su contenido con el surgimiento de Internet y cuál fue el camino para la posible explotación de sus recursos multimediales.

Dentro del contenido periodístico se tuvieron en cuenta las funciones y los tipos de titulares, planteados por especialistas en el tema, para luego
contrastarlos con la técnica clickbait.

Los resultados obtenidos surgieron de un análisis de contenido
cuanti-cualitativo sobre 507 titulares. En él, se detectó que el 45,5% de los titulares publicados fueron considerados como clickbait. Las formas más frecuentes con las que se buscó atrapar al usuario fueron: el uso abundante de adjetivos, la ausencia del dato principal del hecho y la promesa de contenidos exclusivos, olvidados y audiovisuales.

Depuis quelques années, et surtout depuis l’essor des médias sociaux, les fausses nouvelles sont devenues un problème de société, se répandant parfois plus et plus vite que les vraies informations. La grande propagation des fausses nouvelles a un immense impact sur la vie quotidienne des gens. Vu que ces nouvelles sont fausses, elles induisent les gens en erreur, elles les poussent à faire des jugements erronés sur des actions ou politiques importantes. Dans ce rapport, les notions reliées aux fausses nouvelles ainsi que leurs méthodes de détection seront présentées afin d’atteindre des objectifs de recherche importants. Vu que l’apprentissage profond a pris beaucoup d’importance ces dernières années dans le domaine des fausses nouvelles, grâce aux caractéristiques de ses réseaux de neurones, l’apprentissage profond a donné de très bons résultats de détection des fausses nouvelles. C’est pour cela, ce travail portera plus d’intérêt à la détection automatique basée sur la classification profonde des fausses nouvelles en exploitant le contenu textuel des nouvelles et leur source de provenance.

Treści publikowane w serwisach internetowych są zdigitaizowane, a tym samym policzalne i bez problemu poddają się monitorowaniu. Dzięki temu łatwo je ekonomicznie optymalizować, innymi słowy – efektywnie utowarowiać. Zarazem w dobie powszechności mobilnych, sprzęgniętych z Internetem technologii informacyjnych i komunikacyjnych, dostęp do najróżniejszych treści staje się coraz łatwiejszy, a więc ulega rynkowej dewaluacji i coraz trudniej zarabiać na ich bezpośredniej sprzedaży. Głównym źródłem zysku wydawców stają się reklamy. Rynek musi szukać coraz skuteczniejszych sposobów ich przyciągania. W artykule omówiono wybrane techniki i narzędzia wspierające utowarowienie treści internetowych (m.in. clickbait, automatyzacja i algorytmizacja zrządzania treścią) oraz wskazano możliwe społeczne konsekwencje ich stosowania.