Internet Studies

La interactividad y el multimedia son dos de los pilares fundamentales del periodismo digital, junto a la hipertextualidad. Dado su carácter relativamente incipiente, analizamos empíricamente el uso en cabeceras internacionales. En este artículo se recogen los resultados de incorporación de interactividad (proporción de piezas en las que hay interactividad mediante comentarios en el foro, piezas con interactividad simétrica o asimétrica) en los periódicos The Sun (Reino Unido), Le Monde (Francia), The New York Times (Estados Unidos de América) y La Vanguardia (España). En la misma muestra se han recogido las inclusiones multimedia (audio, video, audiovisual). Se percibe un uso intenso de la interactividad en el foro, un uso testimonial de la interactividad simétrica y asimétrica y una inclusión moderada de los recursos multimedia analizados. Palabras clave: periodismo digital, interactividad, multimedia, comentario, entrevista.

È "lavoro di partito" tutto ciò che contribuisce al movimento reale che abolisce lo stato di cose presente. In Marx la teoria del partito non è del tutto esplicita, però è facile da ricavare da molti dei suoi scritti. Nel Manifesto il quadro teorico offre già una buona traccia per una lettura di tutto ciò che egli scriverà successivamente: i comunisti sono coloro che anticipano la società futura; non fanno già più parte di questa società anche se vivono dentro di essa. L'enorme importanza di questo concetto non è stata capita dalla maggior parte di coloro che si richiamano a Marx.

The semiotics of the face studies the meaning of the human face in contemporary visual cultures. There are two complementary research foci: widespread practices of face exhibition in social networks like Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Tinder; and minority practices of occultation, including the mask in anti-establishment political activism (Anonymous) and the veil in religious dressing codes. The meaning of the human face is currently changing on a global scale: through the invention and diffusion of new visual technologies (digital photography, visual filters, as well as software for automatic face recognition); through the creation and establishment of novel genres of face representation (the selfie); and through new approaches to face perception, reading, and memorization (e.g., the ‘scrolling’ of faces on Tinder). Cognitions, emotions, and actions that people attach to the interaction with one’s and others’ faces are undergoing dramatic shifts. In the semiotics of the face, an interdisciplinary but focused approach combines visual history, semiotics, phenomenology, visual anthropology, but also face perception studies and collection and analysis of big data, so as to study the social and technological causes of these changes and their effects in terms of alterations in self-perception and communicative interaction. In the tension between, on the one hand, political and economic agencies pressing for increasing disclosure, detection, and marketing of the human face (for reasons of security and control, for commercial or bureaucratic purposes) and, on the other hand, the counter-trends of face occultation (parents ‘hiding’ their children from the Internet, political activists concealing their faces, religious or aesthetic veils, writers and artists like Bansky or Ferrante choosing not to reveal their identity), the visual syntax, the semantics, and the pragmatics of the human face are rapidly evolving. The semiotics of the face carries on a comprehensive survey of this socio-cultural phenomenon.

Once viewed as an embarrassing superstition, the theatrical religious performances of Korean shamans—who communicate with the dead, divine the future, and become possessed—are going mainstream. Attitudes toward Korean shamanism are changing as shamanic traditions appear in staged rituals, museums, films, and television programs, as well as on the internet.

Contemporary Korean Shamanism explores this vernacular religion and practice, which includes sensory rituals using laden altars, ecstatic dance, and animal sacrifice, within South Korea's hypertechnologized society, where over 200,000 shamans are listed in professional organizations. Liora Sarfati reveals how representations of shamanism in national, commercialized, and screen-mediated settings have transformed opinions of these religious practitioners and their rituals.

Applying ethnography and folklore research, Contemporary Korean Shamanism maps this shift in perception about shamanism—from a sign of a backward, undeveloped Korea to a valuable, indigenous cultural asset.
https://iupress.org/9780253057174/contemporary-korean-shamanism/

L’article propose une revue de littérature des travaux français qui se sont intéressés aux usages des technologies de la communication dans une perspective ethnométhodologique et conversationnelle. La première partie, théorique et historique, décrit la structuration de ce champ de recherche en France en retraçant ses ancrages épistémologiques, méthodologiques et institutionnels. La deuxième partie rend compte des travaux réalisés sur les trois principaux terrains d’enquête: la vidéocommunication, les interactions sur téléphone mobile et sur les plateformes conversationnelles d’internet. L’article met en évidence les apports de l’ethnométhodologie à la sociologie des usages, de la communication et des technologies, à travers notamment le traitement original des notions d’usage, de pratique et de contexte qu’elle rend possible.

"The Piracy Crusade examines the music industry’s overreaction to the threat of digital piracy, and the resulting damage done to our economy, culture and society. It challenges the commonly-accepted myth that piracy is killing the music industry, exploring the unheralded benefits of digital sharing, and the “perfect storm” of economic factors – many of them self-inflicted – that burst the industry’s bubble.

The book critiques the premise of digital piracy itself, arguing that today’s file sharers, music bloggers and mashup artists are simply making use of new technologies to recuperate music from its 20th Century status as an entertainment commodity, and returning it to its original role as a medium for interpersonal and group communication.

Finally, The Piracy Crusade reveals how a flood of new laws and policies enacted in the name of combating piracy have undermined free speech, privacy and cultural innovation – all for the sake of protecting an outmoded media cartel."

This chapter aims to show how radical beliefs and violent action relate to each
other. It summarises the current landscape of academic research that has, in different
ways, attempted to identify the causes of terrorist action. In showing the current
trends, areas of consensus and areas of dispute, the chapter aims to show the
complex relationship between drivers based on ideas, ideologies and beliefs and
drivers based on other factors. Terrorists, like normal people, are influenced on a
number of different levels and in ways that they do not always realise or acknowledge
themselves. Whether through social ties, the power of counter-culture, or the
desire to seek thrills, status or recognition, the story of why people undertake political
violence is more complex and subtle than simply a question of belief.

The current context of labor relations, deeply changed by the growing digitization, has created a new right to disconnection, recently codified by French legislator, but also object of the Italian project of law on “smart working”. The essay explores characters and limits of this right, which belongs to the catalog of so-called digital rights, with particular regard to its effective judicial protection, inevitably conditioned by the same technologies that originated it.

Modern biotechnologies are among the reasons explaining the new focus on the idea of human dignity in public, political and scientific discourses. Topics being debated range from assisted reproduction, cloning, genetic diagnostics and genetic intervention, neuroprosthetics, cyborgs or artificial life all the way to visions of 'transhumanism' or 'posthumanity'. With their potential for bringing about radical transformations, advanced biotechnologies are forcing the notion and boundaries of what is human to be revisited. The biological foundations of humankind are more and more accessible , can be modified in a targeted way, and thus become the object of decisions. Naturalistic self-descriptions are being questioned and replaced by forms of description which are explicitly culturally constructed. We have to rethink the very question of what it means to be human and how we are to construct human boundaries or the difference between human beings and their environment. This creates a new background for the nor-mative concepts of human rights, rights of the individual and human dignity. Through reference to the dignity of a human being and to the idea of dignity, the concept of human dignity implies notions attached to what constitutes being human. This fundamental meaning is supported by the multifarious traditions of human dignity, by its function as a key concept in interdisciplinary debates and not least by its prominent status in legal texts and discourses. Views of the role of human dignity, though, could not be more divergent. The conviction that dignity is an essential norma-tive concept is juxtaposed with criticism that it is useless, nebulous, incoherent or even reactionary.

Abstract:
The growth and widespread use of social media is altering the viewing experience for some television audiences quite considerably. Viewers are increasingly integrating social platforms such as Twitter and Facebook into their TV-watching experience to collectively discuss programmes and live TV events as they happen. In sum, viewers are watching television with their laptops or mobile devices at hand, seemingly in an effort to transform their experience into a social, or community event (Makice, 2009). This paper will examine this growing intersecting media landscape of television and social media, considering the consequences of increased audience involvement within this convergence. Analysing the Twitter-led engagement of viewers of Channel 4’s 2011 Street Riots: The Live Debate, this study illustrates how Twitter is being used by television audiences and networks surrounding the live broadcast of a programme. I show how the viewing audience uses Twitter to express their views on issues within the debate and also on the show itself, the importance of “liveness” (Auslander 2008) and the extended tweeting audience, and how information and knowledge is circulated, in form of “collective intelligence” (Lévy, 1997). I argue that we can see these processes resulting in a change in viewership for many individuals, subsequently influencing the ways in which audience and programmes engage with each other.

An important text mining problem is to find, in a large collection of texts, documents related to specific topics and then discern further structure among the found texts. This problem is especially important for social sciences, where the purpose is to find the most representative documents for subsequent qualitative interpretation. To solve this problem, we propose an interval semi-supervised LDA approach, in which certain predefined sets of keywords (that define the topics researchers are interested in) are restricted to specific intervals of topic assignments. We present a case study on a Russian LiveJournal dataset aimed at ethnicity discourse analysis.

This is a preprint (submitted manuscript pre peer review) of an article, subsequently published in Public Health Ethics, 7 (1): 1--4. The final version contains typographical as well as substantial changes compared to this first submission, and can be accessed online: http://phe.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/1/1.abstract. The entire special symposium introduced can be accessed online: http://phe.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/1.toc The idea of a special journal symposium on the theme of New Media and Risky Behavior of Children and Young People: Ethics and Policy Implications originally arose out of a workshop at the University of Gothenburg held in 2011 as part of a European project coordinated by the University of Central Lancashire Law School, on possible policy responses to the impact on young people of exposure to audiovisual media portrayals of alcohol consumption. 1 A main outcome of that meeting, where selected experts on the empirical research in this area as well as on relevant aspects of ethics and law participated, was that the problem is just an instance of a much more complex and encompassing one, not least the underlying value and normative issues. While we did have in mind as a thematic topic the possible clash between two powerful set of societal norms and concerns -the well--being of children and the freedom of expression, it turned out to be a less than straightforward matter to connect these to the empirical information available and the same turned out to hold for issues about the proper sharing of responsibilities between businesses, societal institutions, parents and young people themselves.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é oferecer uma pesquisa documental abrangendo diversas considerações sobre as formas do conhecimento humano e suas mutações ao longo da história moderna, quando a cognição humana se depara com elementos de sua própria criação estabelecidos sob a pretensão de extensões das capacidades humanas, mostrados sob o ponto de vista de diversos autores/pesquisadores, relacionando a insurgência das novas tecnologias à acepção da realidade. Aqui são cruzados elementos como o binarismo socrático e a tríade aristotélica, as dimensões e a acepção metafísica, linguagem cultural e a quebra do Eu, questões de abordagem fenomenológica e existencialista, assim como aspectos políticos envolvidos na formalização do conhecimento instrumentalizado. A utilização destes objetos tecnológicos em pedagogia, observados durante um percurso do entendimento, propicia ou distancia o Ente de seu mundo? Haveria na formalização do mundo à métrica matemática e as formas dos novos simuladores, geradores, projetores, a reconstrução de um universo já compreendido e a exclusão do absoluto devir de onde as causas dialéticas não fossem determinadas?

El martes 20 de febrero, el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), la Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (SCT), y el Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones (IFT) dieron a conocer, por medio del comunicado de prensa 105/18, resultados de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Disponibilidad y Uso de Tecnologías de la Información en los Hogares (ENDUTIH) 2017, la cual puede ser consultada en http://www.beta.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2018/OtrTemEcon/ENDUTIH2018_02.pdf?platform=hootsuite  

En México hay 71.3 millones de usuarios de Internet mayores de cinco años de edad, los cuales representan 63.9 por ciento de la población. En cuanto a la penetración de Internet en los hogares, 17.4 millones de hogares disponen de acceso a Internet. Tal cifra  representa 50.9 por ciento del total de hogares en el territorio nacional.

Die Digitalisierung einer Vielzahl von Inhalten sowie deren dezentrale Vernetzung durch das Internet-Protokoll hat zu einem massiven Anstieg im Ausmaß, der Reichweite und Geschwindigkeit von Informationsflüssen geführt. Diese Entwicklungen nähren den Traum des globalen freien Meinungsaustausches, der erreichbarer als jemals zuvor erscheint. Doch ermöglichen digitale Technologien auch neue Kontrollmöglichkeiten, nicht nur von Meinungsäußerungen, sondern auch von sozialen Praktiken, die sich im Netz entwickeln. Die fördernde Rolle des Internets im Bezug auf Zugang und Austausch von Informationen wurde oft von Politikern (z. B. Clintons "Freedom to connect") und internationalen Organisationen (La Rue, 2011; Dutton et al., 2010; OSCE, 2011) unterstrichen. Allerdings stößt die Grenzenlosigkeit des digitalen Informationsaustausches an das bereits bestehende Konstrukt nationaler Inhaltsregulierungen. Die bestehende Gesetzeslage zur Regulierung von Inhalten erstreckt sich auch auf digitale Formate, jedoch berücksichtigen diese keine bestehenden geografischen Grenzen. Die dezentralisierte Struktur des Internets und die Möglichkeit eines jeden Nutzers, anonymen und grenzüberschreitenden Zugang zu Informationen anzubieten und zu erhalten, stellt Regulierungsbehörden in allen Ländern vor die Frage der Umsetzung von länderspezifischen Gesetzen im Internet (Johnston/Post, 1996). Durch die Liberalisierung des Telekommunikationssektors in den 1980 und 1990er Jahren liegt die Informationsinfrastruktur auch größtenteils in den Händen B. Küllmer ()

Since it was invented, we spend more and more of our time on the internet. And who can blame us? On the Internet, the possibilities are endless: you can read everything, see and say what you want. This freedom is an enormous wealth, but she also has a less pleasant, dark side. And the dark side of the Internet, we must dare to face. That will already Professor Raphael Cohen-Almagor, who was a guest in December at the University of Antwerp to present his book Confronting the Internet's Dark Side. It used to be called the first book on social responsibility on the internet.
Cyber Terrorism, cyberbullying, racist chat forums, child pornography ... The Internet should our lives might have improved in many ways, no better people made us. Also on the web, we face our most evil and sinister traits. Yet our moral sense does not seem as sensitive as we are with this evil come into contact from behind the computer screen, says Professor Cohen-Almagor fixed.

Building on existing studies, this chapter examines cyberpolitics in the world’s largest authoritarian regime, China, and attempts to evaluate the impact of the Internet and social media on the authoritarian rule. Through analysis of cyberactivism and state adaptation in relation to each other, I argue that though the digital technology has empowered Chinese citizens in multiple ways, their general political inactiveness and the pluralization of cyberactivism, exacerbated by state censorship, have prevented regime transition from becoming the shared awareness. Moreover, the Chinese state has adapted far beyond censorship and propaganda. Its attempt to accommodate cyberactivism is also crucial to explain the authoritarian regime’s resilience.

המאמר מנתח את תרומתה של רשת האינטרנט להתארגנויות חברה אזרחית וליזמים פוליטיים. לצורך כך יוצגו שלושה סיפורי הצלחה מקומיים בולטים של יזמים אזרחיים אשר בחרו להשתמש באינטרנט על מנת לגבש התאגדויות מקומיות –לעתים אף בניגוד למדיניות ממשלתית ועירונית – ועל ידי כך לקדם את מטרות חבריהן. המקרים הללו, בסיועה של מסגרת תאורטית, מדגימים כי האינטרנט מעשיר את ארגז הכלים של תנועות חברתיות ושל יזמים פוליטיים, ומקל על ארגון ציבורים ועל ניתובם והירתמותם למטרות המשותפות לחבריהם.

The aim of this study is to examine the mediation role of internet addiction in the relationship between loneliness and depression. 452 university students (241 women, 211 men) ranging in age from 17 to 31 and who are receiving education in different faculties at Firat University in Turkey participated in the study. UCLA Loneliness Scale, Young Internet Addiction Test Short Form, and Indication Scanning List was applied to the participants. The data were analyzed with correlation, regression, hierarchical regression analysis, and Sobel Z test. According to correlation analysis, there are relations in a positive way among loneliness, depression, and internet addiction. In reference to regression analysis, loneliness predicts internet addiction and depression. However, internet addiction also predicts depression as well. As a result of hierarchical regression analysis to determine the mediation role of internet addiction, it was monitored that internet addiction has partial mediation in the relation between loneliness and depression. In addition to that, it was confirmed that this mediation predicts at a significant level with Sobel Z Test. The findings of the study demonstrate a partial mediation role of internet addiction in the relation between loneliness and depression. According to this result, it can be stated that loneliness and internet addiction are risk factors for depression. In terms of studies on depression, the results of this study can be taken into consideration.

Keywords: loneliness, depression, internet addiction, mediation role, hierarchical regression analysis

Monografia zbiorowa autorek i autorów z Polski i krajów Europy Centralnej i Wschodniej dotyczy wizerunku jako kategorii współczesnych nauk humanistycznych i społecznych. Badacze, reprezentujący różne dyscypliny naukowe, zwracają się do wizerunku i obrazowania jako przedmiotu badań, w których centrum znajduje się człowiek i specyficzny dla homo sapiens sposób przetwarzania informacji. Kreowane w świadomości jednostek z otoczenia obrazy należą do zakresu tzw. zasobów niematerialnych, które decydują o funkcjonowaniu obiektu, zwłaszcza o związanych z nim preferencjach. Znaczenie takich zasobów we współczesnym świecie jest coraz większe, co tłumaczy modę na image studies, imagologię i komunikację wizerunkową. Monografia składa się z kilku rozdziałów: 1) Wizerunek: zagadnienia ogólne; 2) Wizerunek w literaturze, filmie, mediach masowych; 3) Wizerunek w marketingu i promocji; 4) Wizerunek w internecie; 5) Wizerunek a tożsamość. Zamieszczone w nich artykuły poruszają problemy wizerunku i komunikacji wizerunkowej z punktu widzenia psychologii społecznej, antropologii, kulturologii, literaturoznawstwa, medioznawstwa, lingwistyki kulturowej. Do najbardziej znaczących zagadnień należą takie, jak status, przedmiot i funkcje wizerunku/image’u w kulturze i komunikacji społecznej; narzędzia kreowania wizerunku w literaturze i mediach masowych; wizerunek/obraz jako element analizy zawartości tekstów; dyskursy wizerunkowe: funkcjonowanie, atrybucja, typologia; wizerunki w różnych obszarach i kontekstach kulturowych; społeczne i kulturowe aspekty oddziaływania wizerunku; aksjologiczne aspekty wizerunku.

The paper investigates the extent to which the adoption of Internet software and services in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has been strategic, i.e. based upon the exploitation of the network characteristics of the new technology. Within SMEs, it seems that opportunistic motivations towards the adoption of the Internet, i.e. until cost-effectiveness of adoption becomes apparent to managers, are predominate. In applying a modified strategic use model, the paper considers strategic use as the ability of business users to recognize the strategic elements in the usage of the Internet and to relate them to network formation in the specific user environment. The extent of strategic use is linked to communication requirements, competitive pressure and the support and incentives in the adoption process of the Internet by SMEs. The empirical analysis employs a large data set on 264 Dutch SMEs that provided detailed information on their adoption of Internet services and software. The research shows that the communication requirements have been a motivating factor of Internet adoption by SMEs. Other strategic determinants derived from the diffusion literature such as competitive pressure or support and incentives for adoption hardly stimulate SMEs to adopt the Internet.

Pricing content defines a major challenge for tomorrow's Internet, since existing models appear to be unworkable yielding very poor results. However, the provider of content, commercial ones as well as private persons, show in a commercialized world of interactive trade the clear need for content charging systems, which in particular are demanding for electronic content. Those systems generally are beyond the pure technical scope of a system and they go beyond the economic point of view as well. Only an ...

This paper describes a quantitative method of measurement and evaluation of the information provided by hotel websites. It aims to measure the richness of specific and comprehensive information dimensions, which as a whole constitute the information services offered through the web. Data from an extended web search along with responses of hotel managers regarding the importance of the offered information services are used. A conceptual model that describes the hotel web sites information features is used in order to summarize the data and to present the overall information volume offered. The applied model combines seven data dimensions: facilities information, customer contact information, reservation and prices information, surrounding area information, management of the web site, company information and communication. Hotel managers’ perceptions are used to weight the relative importance of both the information services and the seven dimensions. We apply the model to Greek hotel ...

Recent trends show that internet is becoming a very popular media. More and more companies are creating their websites, but most of them never payback. This paper shows the author's experiences and knowledge on what companies can achieve on the internet and how to do it in a cost-effective way. 1. Website profitability An average company website without properly managing its website have about 0-10 visitors daily. Based on previous researches, around 90% of websites costs more than the profit they produce [Gangel 2007]. As a main rule the website should get at least as much profit from new sales which originates somehow from the online presence as much cost it needs to run. Successful websites gains more profit than they cost. For a website to be successful it is crucial to convert visitors into potential buyers. Conversion rates differ mainly by the topic of website, statistics shows that rates can be between 0.5-5.3% [FireClick in Eisenberg 2004, Hart Creative Marketing 2005]. It is hard if not impossible to increase conversion rates, so to increase sales increasing the number of visitors is needed. A strategic goal can be defined here: to gain more profit from a website it is necessary get more visitors to a website who are interested in the subject of the website. 2. Getting more visitors The main methods of getting visitors to the website are the following:  Link exchange  Direct e-mails  Online advertisements  Search engine optimization There are other methods as well, for example offline advertising of websites, but these usually have low cost-effectiveness and therefore not topic of this paper. When judging if spending to get new visitors is profitable for the company it is important to know how many new customers the website will because of it. A way of measurement is shown here. The cost of a new customer can be defined as the following: p r c   / 1 where c = cost of new customer r = customer/unique visitor rate in average p = price of one new visitor through online advertisement If the cost of a new customer is lower than the average profit on one average order the advertisement is definitely profitable. As satisfied customers may return at a later time it may even be profitable if the new customer cost is somewhat higher than the average profit on one order.

This paper retraces the histories of two Italian networking projects of the mid-19990s: the national infrastructural plan named Socrate, launched by the monopolist Telecom Italia in 1994 and the civic network Iperbole, launched by the municipality of Bologna in 1995. Relying upon a corpus of primary sources and in-depth interviews with key-informants, the paper stresses the complex relationship between infrastructures, networks and media imaginaries in Italy at a time when the large-scale diffusion of the Internet and the World Wide Web were still in fieri. The same years of the WWW's first diffusion were in fact a period of negotiation at local, national, and international level between various actors and different ways of envisioning the upcoming digital age. The paper shows how the history of Socrate challenges the idea of the centrality of the Web and the Internet in company discourses of the mid-1990s juxtaposing a different narrative and an imaginary of networking infrastructures linked to broadcasting media. Conversely the case of Iperbole is a particular example of public service use of the Internet on the wave of a political and cultural tradition that looked at media as strategic tools, rather than theoretical models, for democratisation.

La siguiente investigación busca explorar los patrones espaciales de
la producción de datos en el Gran Santiago, en tanto “los datos”,
como la piedra fundacional de lo que conocemos como una “Ciudad
Inteligente”. Así también, se analiza la relación de dichos patrones
espaciales generados por los datos, tanto activos como pasivos, con
la distribución espacial del ingreso por hogar en el área estudiada,
con el fin de establecer, si existe una relación entre ellos en el
contexto de Santiago como una ciudad segregada. Finalmente, se
entregan conclusiones en relación a la potencialidad de ciertas
comunas del Gran Santiago, para transformarse en territorios que
fomenten una “Sociedad Habilitada Espacialmente”, en términos del
aprovechamiento de los datos para una mejor planificación y diseño
de la Ciudad.

""Netzbasierte Kommunikation, Identität und Gemeinschaft" – in diesem Band finden sich zwanzig Beiträge versammelt, gruppiert um ein thematisches Zentrum: sich verändernde Muster individueller und kollektiver Identitätsbildungen in Verbindung mit sich verändernden Formen in der Assoziation zusammen lebender, interagierender oder miteinander kommunizierender Personen.
Als "sozio-kulturelle Transformationen" sind diese Veränderungen nicht einfach Folge erweiterter technischer Möglichkeiten oder deren breiterer Nutzung. Internet, computervermittelte Kommunikation und neue Medien zeichnen sich vielmehr dadurch aus, dass sie die Verhältnisse von "Virtualität und Realität" sowie von "Raum und Zeit" in einem bisher unbekannten Ausmaß gesellschaftlich verfügbar und gestaltbar machen.
Für uns ergeben sich damit neue Bedingungen und Modalitäten in der Expression und Wahrnehmung eigenen und fremden "kommunikativen Handelns" sowie im Arrangement des räumlichen und zeitlichen aufeinander Bezugnehmens von Interaktionen. Zu diskutieren sind daher ebenso vielfältige wie weitreichende Konsequenzen für unser Selbst- und Weltbild, unsere Vergesellschaftungsformen, die politische Willensbildung und die Diversität sprachlich-kultureller Praktiken überhaupt."

In this article, the website infrastructures of both pro science climate change and climate denier websites are examined. The focus is on the backstage of the website, defined as the use of widgets, ad trackers, beacons, and analytics and not the website content, or what might be described as the front stage. This research addresses questions about the presence and use of trackers within the commodification of user attention, the audience economy. The study concludes that organizations on both sides of the climate issue use similar strategies in monetizing their websites and tracking user behavior. Moreover, the infrastructure that is created among the platforms reflects the major role that big tech plays in developing an interconnected web of tracker technologies. While website transparency may remain an ideal, the study advocates for a responsible approach to website development, one that acknowledges the complexity of the issue within a stronger regulatory environment.

Internet et les médias sociaux ont profondément
transformé l’exercice du métier de diplomate, qui
doit désormais maîtriser l’art de la diplomatie numérique,
devenir un expert de la « twiplomatie » et
des big data tout en évitant l’écueil des fake news.

La responsabilidad civil de los titulares de los buscadores de internet (como Google, Yahoo!, Bing) y de las redes sociales (como Instagram, Facebook, Twitter) ha generado, tanto en la jurisprudencia como en la doctrina, más controversias que acuerdos.
Nos proponemos estudiar y analizar pormenorizadamente las diferentes posturas que gobiernan la materia en la actualidad y, a su vez, brindaremos al lector una visión renovada que propone una nueva teoría: La responsabilidad obligacional de los titulares de los buscadores y redes sociales, enmarcada en el derecho del consumidor y en los derechos constitucionales.
Nos introduciremos en el mundo de internet, examinaremos los derechos constitucionales en pugna y, luego, nos abocaremos a analizar el funcionamiento de los buscadores de internet y su responsabilidad civil, estudiando las teoría subjetiva y objetiva, y proponiendo una teoría obligacional de la responsabilidad. Con igual énfasis, nos enfocaremos también en la responsabilidad de las redes sociales. Finalmente, dedicamos un capítulo completo al estudio de herramientas e institutos procesales relacionados con los reclamos extrajudiciales y judiciales en la materia. Destacaremos cuestiones de competencia y legitimación, la pretensión preventiva, la pretensión resarcitoria, las medidas cautelares y la producción de prueba anticipada.
Finalmente, concluimos con un anexo de modelos, que servirán de guía al colega que se embarque en un reclamo contra los buscadores y redes sociales.

Este livro é destinado a estudantes, pesquisadores, profissionais e demais interessados em comércio eletrônico (e-commerce), e faz um resgate histórico do surgimento das compras on-line, sua evolução no decorrer dos anos, além de explanar sobre as vantagens e as desvantagens de se utilizar as ferramentas e os recursos do ambiente virtual. Um dos principais objetivos do autor é apresentar como se relacionam alguns aspectos que, via de regra, estão presentes em tal ambiente, como a privacidade, a segurança, a qualidade das informações, a confiança, a propaganda boca a boca eletrônica e a intenção de recompra. Trata-se de uma leitura envolvente, ilustrada com diversas evidências empíricas nacionais e internacionais, complementada por uma ampla pesquisa realizada entre consumidores brasileiros que costumam realizar compras no formato on-line.

The design of Internet Relay Chat (IRC) affords for, and itself produces, non-response situations that are not possible in FTF or telephone interaction. These system-occasioned non-responses produce almost isomorphic stimuli to participant non-responses. Situations thus arise in which non-responses are interpersonally accountable despite agentive ambiguity. This study explores four intersections of participant-action and system-occasioned non-responses. An extension to Pomerantz's (1984b) 'pursuing a response' problems/solutions is proposed. The impact of IRC's design on its popularity is discussed in contrast to more recent chat systems. Suggestions are made for active and passive presence and non-response accounting features in future chat systems.

The present article seeks to understand the uses of the internet as a space for action and reflection among feminist groups in the Brazilian scene. It takes as its focus the relationships between new feminist generations and esthetics and the social space of the internet. Several feminist groups have emphasized the use of the internet and social networks as relevant platforms for organization, news and political expression. I thus take as my object of analysis one of the most important blogs in the Brazilian context: Blogueiras Feministas (Feminist Bloggers - BF), seeking to use this as an ethnographic resource in order to understand the set of actors and collectives working within this feminist scenario, as well as the spaces and social, political and cultural strategies that appear within it.