Questions tagged [graphics]
A very generic term referring to visual part of a game. Try to avoid unrelevant usage and instead tag for specific graphics type (2D, 3D), API, framework or a library you are using, if possible.
1,070 questions
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How to feed lightmap in GPU instanced meshes in Unity?
Unity's documentation state that GPU Instancing supports baked lighting:
Since Unity 2018.1, Global Illumination (GI) rendering is supported by GPU Instancing in the form of light probes, occlusion ...
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Why do the points of my triangle bend inwards?
I'm trying to make a tiny software renderer in hopes I can make some crappy little game in the far future, and I've hit a roadblock where nothing helps at all. I've found that whenever I go into the ...
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How to create colorizable vegetation albedo textures similar to Horizon Zero Dawn?
In the talk "Between Tech and Art: the Vegetation of Horizon Zero Dawn", Gilbert Sanders says "we average out the color of our albedo textures to mid gray value".
But the final ...
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RenderTexture doesn’t work in build
A Gameobject sprite, a Texture2D which is written into using "Texture2D.ReadPixels" works/is visible in the Editor/Play Mode but is not/is invisible when built.
The Texture2D is written to ...
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post process behavior artifacts on new unity versions
I have an old project that I need to run on Unity 2022.3.40. It uses post process behavior and post process works absolutely fine in the editor, just as before migrating to new Unity. But when I make ...
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Differences between rotations and translations of different camera properties in LiBGDX
I am trying to understand the camera API (applicable to perspective camera ONLY) of LiBGDX.
It really does not make sense that you can call rotate and translate on many different properties of the ...
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How do I repeatedly change the colors of a list of cubes in run time without causing a bottleneck to my fluid simulation?
I am coding a 3d fluid simulation. I want to render each cell of the simulation grid with a cube, so I have a grid of cubes. Each cube has its own color, and the colors are stored in a compute buffer. ...
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LOD selection issue
I have been developing an LOD algorithm similar to Nanite's style. I have been developing the algorithm using Vulkan .However, I encountered problems with LOD selection. It seems that the algorithm ...
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Rendering sometimes blocks when updating Index Buffer at runtime
I developed a way to update my index buffer at run-time in Vulkan. Unfortunately, sometimes the rendering process blocks. I think that is caused by the update of the index buffer. The following code ...
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How to compute screen-space error for LOD selection?
I'm developing a LOD selection system and I would like to select a LOD level based on screen-space error. Could someone explain how I can accurately compute the screen-space error?
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Update index buffer in Vulkan at run-time
What is the proper way to update at run-time the index buffer in Vulkan?
Many thanks
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How to check if an AABB is behind another AABB while isometric depth sorting?
I have an isometric scene in a custom engine where my world sim is 3D, but I'm rendering sprites. To depth sort, I follow the approach in this blog post. Basically: wrap each sprite in an AABB, then ...
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Height gradient generation from height map,using compute shader has weird artifacts
I am trying to generate the height gradient (the slope) for a heightmap of mine using a compute shader in Unity, and the result has weird ringing artifacts and I completely lost what could be wrong. I ...
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The perspective projection change the sign of z
I have an issue, I am drawing a cube in 3d. I am using z-buffer for hidden surfaces removal.
But the hidden faces are drawn (i see the inside of the cube). After some research And I found that this ...
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How to implement graphics API functions like setUniform on a cross-platform shader in VLang?
I've been working on a C++ game engine for a while, but I decided to scrap the project because doing it in C++, despite my best efforts, I could feel the technical dept building. As such, I switched ...
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Texture space Raytracing of cylinder primitive in godot shader for Helix interception
I have been trying to do raytracing of an helix in a spatial shader in godot 4.2, but apparently I missed something because the result is bloby and melty at the cylinder level.
The basics is that I ...
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What are N-Buffers?
For a school project, I had to read a scientific paper that talked about Ambient Occlusion. In it, the authors mentionned using a technique they call N-Buffering. From what I understood, it looks like ...
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Black screen when sizing JFrame/JPanel with Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize()
I am working on a game engine.
...
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C++ how to load different assets within an asset manager?
I'm in the process of redoing my asset/resource manager currently I have load functions scattered throughout my code for example LoadMeshFromFile(), LoadTextureFromFile(), LoadShaderFromFile(), etc, ...
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Mirroring a Character's Position In a Shadow After Rotating 180 Degrees
Description:
I am creating a 2.5D RPG.
When my character moves from left to right, they rotate 180 degrees to face the new direction. Just like this example.
They also have a blob shadow sprite that ...
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How to get the direction to the sky a pixel is facing to draw a sky?
I am drawing an empty texture over a framebuffer with a fragment shader active to try and draw a sky, but I need the direction each pixel is facing in (for correct linear perspective) to draw the ...
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Hide Horizon Line with Small Terrain?
I'm drawing a sky plane with an atmosphere fragment shader in front of my terrain. It looks pretty much fine at sea level, but if you move above the sea level, the illusion is quickly broken, as you ...
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Shader to give the effect of a 2D character covered in oil
I have a 2D pixel art game where characters can be covered in a flammable black oil-like substance and I am looking for a simple way to depict that visually.
Simply tinting the character black won't ...
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Normalized coordinates not translating to screen coordinates the way I need them to
I am making a simple game in C# using pictureboxes. I want to move a picturebox on a form. Once this picturebox is placed in a new location, I normalize its X,Y coordinates between [0, 1] and then ...
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Spherical Billboard Effect
I try to make a spherical billboard that follow the camera's direction. But, the result that I got is model get distorted or event twisted. If I'm using only a yaw/pitch quaternion per time, it works ...
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LWJGL3. A strange graphic artifact of OpenGL 3.x
I work in java with lwjgl3. I came across a strange artifact, the source of which I have not been able to determine for a very long time. I'm drawing a large surface. When I approach this surface and ...
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How is a Spherical Harmonics Lightmap generated?
I have successfully generated a single color lightmap using ray tracing.
For each texel in the lightmap, I trace into the hemisphere (using the normal) and capture the incoming light.
This single ...
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Game loop isn't performing well enough, so my frame rate is too low (Windows Form + GDI+)
I decided to learn about building games, so I picked up C# to use it along with Windows Form - I already have C# experience, so that was the main reason I did so. That said, I tasked myself to build a ...
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Recreating The Visual Effect From Super Mario RPG Remake In Unity URP
The upcoming remake of Super Mario RPG uses an effect that adds a 'colorful fog'(I'm really struggling to describe it 😅) to certain parts of the screen. It's mostly used in the corners and top of ...
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PyOpenGL "Attempt to retrieve context when no valid context" - seems to be Linux specific?
I've been trying to learn PyOpenGL, so I'm still pretty clueless about what's going on. I've been following a video series. I couldn't get it to stop throwing "Attempt to retrieve context when no ...
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Issues with bitmap character spacing
I've been working on a bitmap character renderer for my game engine in C#, however, I've been running into some spacing-related problems.
This script parses the font and gets all the relevant data ...
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Can somebody please explain why my illumination is inconsistent?
100% not a graphics guy here.
Problem Demonstration.
Randomly discovered this when showing the project to a friend after not touching it for over a month (been working on other stuffs). First I ...
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How to Generate a Texture to Make an Obstructing Plane Appear Invisible in a 3D Scene?
I have a 3D scene with a camera. Between the camera and the scene, I have a plane with arbitrary orientation. This plane obscures a portion of the scene from the camera’s perspective (anything behind ...
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How to get rid of shading seams inside a cylinder?
Is there any other way to remove these shading "seams" other than to increase the vertex count of the cylinder?
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Differentiate Generic Tromino or Tetramino Match vs Specific Shape (Square, Line, L, ect..) in Match-3
This is primarily a user interface question related to match-3 games and visualizing a goal for the player using clear imagery.
I'm interested in having a match-3 game where if you get certain matches ...
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Perspective projection distortions
I'm building my own engine using python and pygame however my cube model is not able to be displayed correctly. This is my result after applying translation, scaling and projection matrices:
...
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Perspective projection not working as intended
I copied a perspective projection matrix from here (https://jsantell.com/3d-projection/) and applied it to my vertices. It looks ok but without depth. Rotation matrices also work.
When I try to divide ...
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Trying to plot trajectory of rocket using only its current position and velocity components
I have a 2D controllable rocket for which I want to plot the parabolic motion. Additionally, the parabola should be able to change due to the thrust of the rocket accelerating it in either direction. ...
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How to achieve no gaps between triangles in software renderer like in Quake?
I've heard alot that I need to use fixed-point math, top-left rule, etc. to eliminate gaps between triangles but the thing is how did Quake not have any gaps, did it? I've seen Quake's math file and ...
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Bending at edges of screen
This is a weird effect where objects bend at the edges of the screen (shearing?). It doesn't happen everywhere. I know it happens in Minecraft and Godot, but not Blender or Bevy. What is it and is ...
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Which method of preventing viewport distortions is most ideal?
I am working on rendering various 2D shapes in OpenGL. After initial experimentation, I came to the conclusion that the rendered image is distorted due to the window having a non-square aspect ratio:
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Animating A 2D Stylized Cloud Programmatically
I am tiling the following background cloud image horizontally.
I would like to give it more character by making the top of the image deform.
I would preferably like the puffs on top to bulge bigger ...
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How do game devs tie physics to fps?
If a GPU is rendering 3D graphics, doesn't it have to wait for the CPU to finish computing all the physics calculations before returning a frame? And if it does have to do that, then how does game ...
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Smooth self shadow on dense foliage
I don't know how to achieve or research smooth lighting on foliage, like in this screenshot of theHunter: Call of the Wild.
The grass is translucent, but blocks light smoothly when it's tall and ...
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How to create a ScriptableRenderPass that renders normally, with lighting?
What I'm trying to do: Render GameObject(s) of a specific Layer in my custom pass. I want to do something more later, but I'm just trying to get it to render exactly as URP would for now.
I'm just ...
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Why do texture samplers seem to bleed into other instances when rendering multiple instances of the same mesh with differing textures
So I will start off by laying out the relevant structure of my program.
I am using vulkan to render the same mesh over a few instances. To do this I have:
a vertex buffer, used per vertex, which is ...
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What's the purpose of this cross product and dot product in triangle clipping code?
I have this code that inserts a triangle into the drawing list. The PHD_VBUF structure stores one x,y,z vertex. If the vertex is behind the front plane, then ...
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What is the advantage of using Element Buffer Objects, if any?
I'm following the amazing LearnOpenGL tutorials and noticed that Element Buffer Objects, which were mentioned and used in the Hello Triangle chapter, never appear again. So my question is, is using ...
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Recreate red & cyan menu item highlight from Persona 5
I would like to animate two of my UI images in a similar manner to the red and blue images below:
I'd like to accomplish this through script, but I'm not certain if it's possible.
Does anyone have ...
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