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PURANMAL LAHOTI GOVERNMENT

POLYTECHNIC, LATUR

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Capstone Project Execution

CPE (22060)

On

Design and Fabrication of GrassCutter

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering
By
Roll No So 2100160529
119
Roll No Dhokale Rushikesh Yuvraj 2100160541
121
Roll No Bhalerao Saket Sangharsh 2200160068
122

Under the Guidance of

B.M.Chame

Lect. in Mech. Engg. Dept.

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, Sonkamble S A. Dhokale .R.Y,and Bhalerao S.S.,from
Mechanical Engineering Department, Puranmal Lahoti Government Polytechnic Latur,
Institute Enrolment No. 2100160529,2100160541, 2200160068,completed project
(Capston Project Report 22050) of final year having title “Design and Fabrication of
Grass Cutter” during the academic year 2023-2024. The project completed by
individually/ in a group consisting of 3 members under the faculty guide.

Guide V. D. Nitnaware V. D. Nitnaware

B.M.Chame HOD (Mech department) Principal Lect. In
Mech. Engg.
P.L.G.P .L

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere and heartily thanks to
Mr.B.M Chame Sir for his timely guidance and inspiration, without which my
work would not have been completed. Apart from the suggestion of the topic to
the completion of the work, he has taken deep and sincere interest and has
rendered every help that was needed.
I wish to express my thanks Mr. V D Nitnaware Head, Mech Engg. Dept., for his
support and the help extended. I must express my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. V D
Nitnaware, Principal, Puranmal Lahoti Government Polytechnic Latur, for making
various facilities available.
I am also thankful to my parents and all those known and unknown persons who helped
me.

Sonkamble Shailesh Anil

Dhokale Rushikesh
Yuvraj Bhalerao Saket
Sangharsh

Latur,
Date:-

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ABSTRACT

This title presents the concept for design and analysis of grass cutter. The grass cutting

is important stoge in agriculture field. Currently in India former used conventional

method for the crop cutting Le the conventional method for crop cutting is as manually

cutting using labour but this method is lengthy and time consuming. This project aim is to

design and analysis of small field crop cutter machine for small height crop. To analysis

cutting rollerand horizontal cutting blade by using Pro-e and anises software. The

machine consists of petrol engine to operate cutting roller and blade. When compare to

manual crop cutting by and this machine has a capacity to cut the crop in faster. This

machine to helpful for both the small as well as big farm.

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CPE:- TABLE OF CONTENT

Sr no. Title Page no.

1 Title page 1

2 Certificate 2

3 Acknowledgements 3

4 Abstract 4

5 Content page 5

6 Introduction 6

7 Literature Survey 7

8 Scope of Project 9

9 Methodogy 10

10 Detailed Working 16

11 Results and Application 22

12 Conclusion 23

13 Referance 24

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION:-
Cleaning is the essential need of current time. Cleaning Machines are very useful in
cleaning Floors, outside ground in Hospitals, houses, auditoriums, bus stands and public
places Etc.Many researchers have done so many works in evaluation Of design of
cleaning machine to Give better outcomes, but Many researchers were operating their
machine with the help Of any External source like electrical energy, but this machine Has
been designed in such a way that it Can be operated by Manual power and there is no
need of electric energy or any Other energy. For the above said purpose the manual power
is Transferred from the chain socket to the gear Through chain Mechanism then its power
transfer to bevel gear.To rotate the wheels and floor Cleaning work is performed, Which
makes this machine completely manually operated Without Any external source of
energy and its manufacture, And design is also cheaper in cost and Reliable for everyone
[1]. It is capable for the cleaning purpose of both dry and wet Floor and Easily transfer
from one place to other due to its lightweight and simple design. Also, a benefit is that it
is Environmentally friendly. The components have been used in Designing this
mechanically operated floor cleaning machine Are steel bar, bevel gear, wheel Wooden
clips, bearing, rod , wiper, chain socket, gear. Building maintenance is often
Characterized by an infini series of drab, unclean, Time consumin and unpleasant duties
such as floor washing.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY:-

Arious researchers have worked on floor cleaning machines And related properties, and a
Light has been thrown on some of The recent works done by different scholars. A cleaning
Machine for the floor was designed and prepared a 3D model Of their projector, say, a
Machine in the modeling software and Then analyzed by applying boundary conditions as
Their project Conclusion and found that the level of stress on a handhel Machine is within
The safe range. A Street Cleaning Machine operated by Tricycle was manufactured. This
Research article depicts that it has been made for most Rural areas and concluded that cleansing is
working less when The road seems too heavy again Damaged .
A multi-use floor Cleaning machine using A.C. induction Motor and speed Reduction
Method was designed and manufactured. The Machine produced was highly efficient and showed
Flexibility. The operational capacity of the given mechanical project is Also fulfilled by using the
Machine; the process of cleaning the Floor can be done quickly and easily in an effective manner
.An automatic floor cleaner using a Direct Current Motor and Configured a wiper mechanism
Was designed and fabricated.The proposed machine produced shows flexibility and
Laboriousness. Successful utilization of Solar Energy saves Electricity. The main aim for this
Project is achieved, and using The device, floor cleaning can be done quickly . In 1868, the First
W. McGuffey in Chicago. In the late 1990s & early 2000s, Many different companies came into
The market to develop Robotic vacuum cleaners. But again, the only problem with These cleaning
Devices is the consumption of electricity for Operating them A floor cleaning machine that was
Manually operated, which is simply a bicycle working on the Same concept up to some extent. But
this project lacks Efficiency with a high margin of error. Besides the fact that it Was not so
efficient, it deals with the problem that women Could not Operate it as efficiently as men.
Effective cleaning And sanitizing play an essential role in human Beings’ health Several studies
on human-robot interaction with floor Cleaning robots have been Published. Fink et al describe
Ethnographic research of floor cleaning robots conducted in Various residences over six months.
User perception, usage Analysis, and social activities Involving cleaning robots are all Thoroughly
researched in their research. Sakamoto et al Offer a Computer screen interface for engaging with a
floor Cleaning robot based on stroke gestures. Their experiments Show that the proposed interface
can manage a cleaning robot And obtain Various views from ceiling cameras. Based on a bio-
Inspired neural network technique, Luo and Yang suggest Multi-robot cooperative sweeping. The
authors investigate The total coverage and Path planning challenges associated with Unstructured
workspaces using many cleaning robots.Another Critical study describes a cellular decomposition
method For dividing a cleaning space Into cells and providing a good Coverage plan for twoindoor
floor cleaning robots over the Cells. With the market for floor cleaning robotic goods Increasingly
crowded, interest in benchmarking Various Automatic systems has developed. Rhim et al present
Performance indicators for autonomous cleaning robots. Most Cleaning robots identify
Independent mobility, dust collection, And operating noise as essential performance indices.
Wong et Al. propose and validate two criteria to capture robotic cleaning Performance
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CHAPTER 3
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Field Survey
Present method of Floor Cleaner is important stage in Big mall, Bus stand, Big hospital
field.Currently Indian Workers or labour used conventional methods

Manual method of Floor Cleaner

A manually operated floor cleaning machine works by placing a main roller in a water tank that transfers
wetted cotton forward to clean the surface. The cotton rotates due to a chain drive, which is powered by the
wheel. The machine also has two small rollers on the surface to remove excess water. A collector is placed
in front of the machine to catch dirt and dust particles before cleaning the surface. When the machine
moves forward, the cotton rotates around the rollers, cleaning the surface. This cycle of rotation repea.

Manually operated floor cleaning machines are designed to achieve simultaneous dry and wet
cleaning, reduce maintenance costs, and clean more space in less time. They are an alternative to
conventional machines that require fuel and are more expensive to operate.

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CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY:-
Theory:-
Methodology is the systematic, Theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a study or
to the theoretical analysis of the method and principles associated with branch of study.

1. Studying the present mechanisms.

2. Field Survey

3. To identifying the potential problem. Problem definition.

5. Literature review.

6. Design of Floor Cleaner.

7. Calculation.

8. Analysis using FEM method.

9. Fabrication.

4. Studying the present mechanisms.

Background

A) Manually operated floor cleaning machines work by placing a wetted cotton ball in a water
tank, which is then moved forward to clean. The cotton rotates due to a chain drive, which
gets the drive from the wheel. Two small rollers are mounted on the surface, and the
compression rollers remove excess water. In front of the machine, a collector collects dirt and
dust before cleaning the surface. As the machine is pushed forward, the cotton rotates around
the rollers, which clean the surface. This cycle of rotation repeats.

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B) Manually operated floor cleaning machines are used in many applications, such as
airports, hospitals, railway stations, roads, bus stands, colleges, and multi buildings.
They are user-friendly and eco-friendly. For the above said purpose the manual
power is transferred from the chain socket to the gear through chain mechanism
then its power transfer to bevel gear and it result to rotate the wheels and floor
cleaning work is performed, which makes this machine completely manually
operated without any external source of energy

C) Achieve simultaneous dry and wet cleaning in a single run

D) Make the machine cost effective

E) Reduce the maintenance cost of the manually operated floor cleaning machine as
far as possible

The main parts of a Floor Cleaner are:-

 PARTS OF FLOOR CLEANER
 Cleaning brush -It Consist of 1 brush that are attached to a rotating shaft. Of

bevel gear ⚙️

 Body frame The main structural frame of the brush on to which the other parts of
the brush are mounted.
 Wheels These help propel the brush in action. Generally Floor cleaner have
four wheels.
 Push Handle – The “power source” of a manually operated floor cleaner. This is a
cross handle that is connected to the frame, wheels.
 Dust pan:- to pick up dust and dirt after sweeping. It

 BEVEL GEAR:- Between intersecting or angular shafts, and are used to reduce
speed, reverse shaft rotation, and increase torque between rotating shafts that
are not parallel.
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 DESIGN OF FLOOR CLEANER

A floor cleaning machine is a device that is used to clean floors. They are typically used
in commercial and industrial settings, but can also be used in homes. Floor cleaning
machines can be either manual or automatic. Manual floor cleaning machines require the
user to push or pull the machine across the floor, while automatic floor cleaning machines
move on their own.Manually operated floor cleaning machines are typically smaller and
lighter than automatic floor cleaning machines. They are also less expensive. However,
manual floor cleaning machines require more effort to use.

I. Housing

 Brush
 Push Handle
 Body Frame
 Wheel
 Water Tank

II. Power Supply Shaft

 Sproket
 Bevel gear
 Human power

BRUSH MOUNTING AND DRIVE SYSTEM

The brush of a rotary cleaner is usually mounted directly to the bevel gear shaft

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 CLEANING BRUSH

A Cleaning brushes are used to carry out heavy duty cleaning tasks in the kitchen,
bathroom, they are also used to clean floors and ceilings.

 DESIGN AND THEORATICALANALYSIS

 BRUSH

It Consist of brush is a type of wide brush with a long shaft used for cleaning hard floors
or surfaces Floor scrubber brushes are important because they loosen dirt and grime from
floor surfaces, allowing the cleaning solution to penetrate and remove debris. Floor
scrubbers can be simple tools like a brush or mop, or they can be walk-behind or ride-on
machines that spray water and chemicals on the floor, scrub, and dry.

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FAILURE CHECK OF BODY FRAME

We select right angel WI rod of 20X20 mm height and width. From data hand book

Ultimate Tensile strength-150N Taking Factor of safety-5 Allowable stress (G) U. Tensile
strength Factor of Safety-150/5-30N/mm² Moment(M)-WxL/2-294.5×500/2-73625Nmm
Section Modulus(Z) a (do-di’)/32do -π (75-45/32x75) 36049,77mm

Total load=1178N

Load on one wheel(W)=294.5N

Stress-M/Z-73625/36049.77-2.04N/mm²

Allowable stress-Tensile Strength/ POS-150/5-30

Allowable stress >stress So,

The design is safety.

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WHEEL

These help propel the cutter in action. Generally, our grass cutters have four wheels. The
diameter of the wheel is 12 inches. A base frame with Four Wheels of the Floor Cleaner
The wheels having rubber gripped, for better moving on floor

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Chapter 5
OPERATING PRINCIPLE

Design and Fabrication of Floor cleaner

Manually operated floor cleaning machines are designed to clean large floor areas with
wet or dry surfaces. They are more efficient, time-saving, and affordable than existing
machines, whether electric or human powered. The machines are designed to be compact
and simple, making them suitable for flat surfaces and usable without skilled labor. They
are also designed to be eco-friendly, using human power

 . ANALYSIS OF POWER SUPPLY

 THEORY

BEVEL GEAR

The system is assembled with a pair of existing wheels that rotates with the help of a shaft. The shaft
and wheels are joined together. The wheels provide power to the gear through the chain mechanism,
and the bevel gears are connected perpendicularly. The help of bevel gear rotates the brush .The
design and fabrication of a manually operated floor cleaning machine with bevel gears involves using
a pair of bevel gears to control the machine’s motion. This motion is powered by the wheels, which
are connected to a shaft. The shaft then transfers this power to the gears through a chain mechanism,
causing the brush to rotate. The machine also includes rollers, a water tank, a sprocket and chain
mechanism, a collector brush assembly, a drive wheel, and cotton.

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A Bevel gear mechanism is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one shaft to
another shaft. The pair of bevel

gears are used in this mechanism is shown in the fig. 1, it is used to give power to the
wheels. Two wheels made of plastic material with dimensions of 200 mm in diameter
and 30mm in thickness were fitted on the backside,. One ball bearing of outer diameter
50mm was fitted on the front side for 360-degree rotation, as shown in fig. 2. A bevel
gear has its axis perpendicular to each other, and the standard value of the gear ratio is
1:2. This gear is used for increasing the speed of the rotating disc brush; in this
machine,the bevel gear's diameter is 35mm

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MOUNTING THE BEVEL GEAR

 When mounting theThe gears are connected to a chain mechanism, which then
transfers power to the bevel gear, causing the wheels to rotate and the floor to be
cleaned

MOUNTING THE BRUSH

 Mounting The brush of a manually operated floor cleaning machine is installed at the
bottom of the machine and mounted with bevel gears. The bevel gears rotate the
brush with the help of a chain and sprocket unit.

Advantages

 Reduce Labor Costs,

 Mops and Brooms Don’t Get Floors Clean
 Now we are safety with no pollutants emitted.
 Commercial Machines Minimize Disruption
 Not required the electricity

Disadvantages

 Time-consuming: Cleaning large or heavily soiled spaces can be time-consuming and

physically demanding.
 Maintenance: Floor scrubbing machinery requires maintenance and training
and expertise.
 Limited efficiency: Manual sweepers are best suited for small areas with
light to moderate debris and are not effective at cleaning fine dust.

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CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION:-

The present machine has been designed in such a way that it May work manually which
Has many advantages like it is Environment friendly, low cost, reduces human effort and
Time. It is a good option in current scenario because as we can see Energy crisis or energy
Shortage is in limelight all over the World. It is capable to operate easily by the help of
Hands with Negligible risk. The mechanically operated floor cleaning Machine can be
Used in the place of room cleaning and reduces Human effort. It works very efficiently
And the “Manually Operated Floor Cleaning Machine” eco-friendly and economic, road and floor
cleaner is Successfully capable to cover an area. Maintenance of machine Is very cheap, and it is
Easily controllable with associated Benefits of cleaning for the along with reduction in
Environment pollution.

REFERENCE

https://m.indiamart.com

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/36127

_6593
Design_of_mechanically_operated_floor_cleaning_
.machine

/https://www.scribd.com/document/531328862

DESIGN-AND-FABRICATION-OF-MANUALLY-
OPERATED-ECO-FRIENDLY-CLEANING-
MACHINE-synopsis

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-https://www.google.com/search?client=ms

Android-vivo-
Rvo2&sa=X&sca_esv=583929409&tbm=bks&tBm=
bks&q=inauthor:%22Michael+Fingeroff
%22&ved=2ahUKEwiX_5Owh9OCAxV1Z_UHHY
y3Cn8Q9Ah6BAgOEAY&biw=360&bih=689&dpr=
2

• https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zvbJEAA

AQBAJ&pg=PA290&dq=manually+operated+Floor+cleaning+Machine&hl=en&newbks
=1&nEwbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovDme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwictd
Lah9OCAx

X_lFYBHe34C-EQuwV6BAgLEAY7th Edition. McGraw Hill Book Company,

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Results And Application

Time Savings: These machines can cover large areas quickly, saving time compared to
manual operated Floor cleaner methods.

Uniformity: Floor cleaner machines ensure uniform floor height, leading to a consistent
and aesthetically pleasing landscape.

Precision: Many modern floor cleaner machines offer adjustable brush heights and precise
control, allowing users to achieve the desired level of cleaning.

Versatility: Floor cleaner machines come in various types, such as push mowers, ride-on
mowers, and robotic mowers, catering to different needs and preferences.

 Applications of Floor Cleaning machines include:

 It is used for Floor Cleaning Purpose.

 It is used for hospital Cleaning.

 To clean bus stand areas.

 To clean railway station floor areas.

 It is used to clean for all suitable areas

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