Viticulture and Enology

form. Low level of non-protein nitrogen (0,18%) in high susceptible cv Malen'kii prints in the period of dormancy allows preliminary conclusion that protein form in particular is needed for pest activity. CONCLUTION The relationship between nitrogen protein form content and severity of gall mite was observed at all stages of dormancy. The most close correlation was observed during dormancy prior to the vegetation initiation. The effect of non-protein nitrogen form content was expressed only before and after vegetation initiation. Therefore high nitrogen level in black currant buds plays a positive role in gall mite activity. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Lobanov, G. Programma i metodika plodovykh, yagodnyh i orekhoplodnykh kul'tur, Michurinsk, 1973, p.191-192. 2. Sammersov, V. O prichinakh vliyania miniral'nykh udobrenii na rastitel'noyadnykh nasekomekh I kleschei // V Sb.: Voprosy entomologii, Minsk, 1974, p.138-147. 3. Tikhonov, G. Povyshenie urozhainosti smorodiny chyornoi na o...

Por la mañana del 17 de julio de 2023 el Servicio Agrícola Ganadero, SAG, comunica que con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo de la agricultura campesina, decidió reconocer al tradicional Pipeño como una bebida alcohólica "con características propias y diferentes al vino". De primera, la decisión asemejaba un argumento sacado de una tómbola y que al recitarse en voz alta, declaraba a todos como ganadores. Claro, un órgano público bombeando reconocimiento a uno de los pocos vinos que resistiendo, aún se considera patrimonio de Chile, es algo poco usual. Pero lo curioso es que a la vez lo desconocía, porque es un vino "con características diferentes al vino". Contradictorio, o un error semántico, por decir o entender algo.

The flavanol and anthocyanin contents of five red fungus-resistant grape varieties (Frontenac, Maréchal Foch, Marquette, Sabrevois and St. Croix) were characterized from berry (skin, seed, free-run must) to wine to evaluate varietal differences and relationships between the berry and wine composition. Flavanols were separated by HPLC according to their degree of polymerization and quantified by fluorescence. Pigments and total phenolic compounds were measured by spectrophotometry UVvisible. Principal component analysis (PCA) of berry composition showed large differences between the studied varieties. Total flavanol concentration ranged from 46 (Maréchal Foch) to 377 (St. Croix) μ gepicatechin eq./berry in berry skin and was mostly composed of polymers (9 + flavanol units). The flavanol content of berry seed ranged from 212 (Frontenac) to 1337 (Sabrevois) μ gepicatechin eq./berry and mostly comprised flavanol monomers to trimers. Both musts and wines showed low flavanols concentratio...

Investigate the effects of water stress on grape berry heterogeneity and composition in Cabernet-Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes under different farming practices (organic and conventional) based on soil structure and provide valuable information for the wine industry regarding quality. The research was conducted in two vineyards, one certified organic and the other following conventional practices. The experiment, designed with Split-Plot Experimental Design based on stress levels, was divided into two main plots, Organic and Conventional, and each of these plots was further divided into two subplots. The predawn leaf water potential results categorized the vines into two groups: those with values lower than-8 MPa and those above-8 MPa, which were labeled as Dryland-shallow soil and Baseland-deep soil, respectively, based on the location and soil type. During the harvest, grape clusters were collected and classified into three groups based on berry diameter (10mm-12mm, 12mm-14mm, 14mm-16mm). The results indicated that the 10mm-12mm berry size group generally exhibited the desired characteristics across all evaluated criteria. The total anthocyanin and total tannin content were higher in the 10mm-12mm berries from vines experiencing moderate stress (Stress 1), regardless of location. Additionally, the Dryland-shallow soil condition showed higher tannin content. On the other hand, grapes from highstress vines displayed lower antioxidant values. The total polyphenol index content was higher in the organic vineyard. Based on the findings, it was suggested that to obtain high phytochemical compounds from Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes in the Tekirdağ region, cultivation should be carried out under Dryland-shallow soil conditions, where the predawn leaf water potential can drop as low as-0.8 MPa during the period between veraison and harvest. Moreover, berries between 10 mm and 12 mm might suit for this purpose.

El asoleado de Cauquenes y Concepción representa un caso de singular interés entre los vinos típicos de América Latina. En el siglo XIX era el mejor vino de Chile según las preferencias de los mercados. En la centuria posterior fue reconocido por el Estado en 1953 como el primer vino con Denominación de Origen del país, junto al pajarete y el vino licoroso del Elqui. Con estos antecedentes, el asoleado presentaba grandes perspectivas de desarrollo en los mercados nacionales e internacionales. Sin embargo, estas expectativas se vieron frustradas y el producto, en la actualidad, es irrelevante en la industria vitivinícola de Chile. El artículo examina el ciclo de auge del producto por medio de la prensa de la época (1850-1880), y aporta algunas explicaciones de su posterior declinación. Palabras clave: asoleado, denominaciones de origen, vinos típicos, viticultura de Chile, industria vitivinícola.

Nella riscoperta dei vitigni autoctoni, c'è quello per antonomasia: il Sangiovese. Vitigno diffuso prevalentemente nell'Italia centrale, con una propaggine in Romagna, è il padre dei vanti della nostra enologia, come il Brunello di Montalcino, il Nobile di Montepulciano, il Morellino di Scansiano e di tante altre DOC e DOCG,  senza dimenticare il Chianti, dove è il componente predominante, se non il principale. E' una delle poche varietà italiane migrate in altri Paesi del mondo.

El presente articulo busca describir el proceso de incorporacion de mujeres profesionales a sectores de alta calificacion de las bodegas del Oasis Norte desde el inicio de la reconversion vitivinicola a la actualidad, poniendo especial atencion en el caso de las profesiones centrales para el proceso productivo (personal con formacion en enologia y agronomia). Para ello, se realiza la indagacion mediante la aplicacion de entrevistas al personal encargado de la gestion de la mano de obra y a trabajadoras de sectores de alta calificacion. Como resultado, este trabajo permite conocer la desigualdad de genero presente en esta actividad.

De forma casi inmediata, la historia tras la reaparición del Carignan chileno fue modelada por una catástrofe, el terremoto de Chillán de 1939. Éste hecho según distintas voces y personalidades, dio pie a la promoción de su cultivo, ya que fue su plantación una de las medidas que se establecieron para ir en ayuda a los productores afectados en la región del Maule. Seguido, se habló del apoyo de CORFO, de universidades, del Estado a través de una política de fomento vitivinícola, y que dada su productividad y tinte se utilizó para mejorar el color de aquellos vinos provenientes de la cepa criolla por excelencia, la país. Sin embargo, ninguna de estas declaraciones fue examinada en detalle o corroborada, y se repitieron consecutivamente hasta recorrer la mayoría de las publicaciones nacionales. Esta investigación se centra en la primera constatación de cultivo y resultado, que arroja cien años de existencia en el viñedo chileno.

El artículo examina la historia del pajarete, vino escogido de los desiertos del norte de Chile, desde los primeros registros (1790) hasta su reconocimiento como Denominación de Origen y su proyección posterior. El trabajo se fundamenta en documentos como libros de Aduana, la prensa gráfica, los relatos campesinos y los registros de marcas del Instituto Nacional de Propiedad Industrial (INAPI). Se demuestra que el pajarete ha existido durante 225 años en Chile; se ha mantenido como un vino escogido, elaborado, comercializado y consumido en pequeñas cantidades. Palabras clave: pajarete, vinos escogidos, productos típicos, denominaciones de origen, industria vitivinícola.

El asoleado de Cauquenes y Concepción representa un caso de singular interés entre los vinos típicos de América Latina. En el siglo XIX era el mejor vino de Chile según las preferencias de los mercados. En la centuria posterior fue reconocido por el Estado en 1953 como el primer vino con Denominación de Origen del país, junto al pajarete y el vino licoroso del Elqui. Con estos antecedentes, el asoleado presentaba grandes perspectivas de desarrollo en los mercados nacionales e internacionales. Sin embargo, estas expectativas se vieron frustradas y el producto, en la actualidad, es irrelevante en la industria vitivinícola de Chile. El artículo examina el ciclo de auge del producto por medio de la prensa de la época (1850-1880), y aporta algunas explicaciones de su posterior declinación. Palabras clave: asoleado, denominaciones de origen, vinos típicos, viticultura de Chile, industria vitivinícola.

Le Grenelle de l'environnement : conséquences et mesures pratiques >Ne traiter que si nécessaire : où en est-on de la modélisation des risques Marc RAYNAL-IFV > Mildium : conception et évolution d'un Processus Opérationnel de Décision pour la gestion fongicide du mildiou et de l'oïdium de la vigne Laurent DELIERE et Philippe CARTOLARO-INRA Bordeaux > Les méthodes de lutte biologique ou biotechnique contre les ravageurs Gilles SENTENAC-IFV. Denis THIERY-INRA Bordeaux > La réduction maîtrisée des doses appliquées Alexandre DAVY-IFV > Viticulture de précision : perspectives pour une meilleure gestion des traitements Vincent de RUDNICKI-CEMAGREF > Peut-on stimuler les mécanismes de défenses de la vigne ? Une nouvelle méthode pour évaluer le potentiel des éliciteurs Katia GINDRO-Agroscope Changins > La résistance du matériel végétal Nicolas AVELINE-IFV > La résistance du matériel végétal Didier MERDINOGLU-INRA Colmar > Un label en Alsace. L'association Typlo : 11 années de viticulture intégrée Daniel ANSEN-Chambre d'Agriculture du Bas Rhin > Etat des pratiques sur un réseau de fermes de référence et voies d'amélioration Thierry COULON-IFV > Influence des dialogues professionnels sur les changements des pratiques des viticulteurs Claude COMPAGNONE-ENESAD/INRA-SAD LISTO > Terra Vitis : la viticulture raisonnée en action Jean-Henri SOUMIREU-CA 69. Natacha ELIA-CA 33 > Production intégrée : une contribution au développement durable : La charte Vivre Michèle VACHER-Cave des Vignerons de Beaumes Venise Chapitre I Ne traiter que si nécessaire : le point sur les travaux de modélisation des risques phytosanitaires appliqués par l'IFV au domaine de la protection du vignoble Treat only if necessary: point on the IFV modeling phytosanitary risk works applied on vineyard protection Marc RAYNAL-Institut Français de la Vigne et du vin (IFV) 39-rue Michel Montaigne-33290 Blanquefort Christian DEBORD-Institut Français de la Vigne et du vin (IFV) 39-rue Michel Montaigne-33290 Blanquefort Sylvain GUITTARD-Institut Français de la Vigne et du vin (IFV) 39-rue Michel Montaigne-33290 Blanquefort Marc VERGNES-Institut Français de la Vigne et du vin (IFV) 39-rue Michel Montaigne-33290 Blanquefort Katell GRIAUD-Faculté oenologie-Université Bordeaux II-351 cours de la libération-33405 Talence Nicolas FERNANDEZ-ENSAT-av. de l'Agrobiopôle-BP 32607-Auzeville-Tolosane-31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex Serge STRIZYK-SESMA-40 rue des frères Flavien-75020 Paris Denis BOISGONTIER-CAP2020-2 allée du chemin neuf-91720 Gironville sur Essone Jean CONGNARD-Météo France-7 avenue Roland Garros-33700 Mérignac Didier GRIMAL-Météo France-7 avenue Roland Garros-33700 Mérignac RÉSUMÉ Le vignoble français particulièrement soumis aux risques cryptogamiques contribue pour une part significative à la consommation nationale d'intrants phytosanitaires. Ces pratiques indispensables sont cependant néfastes aussi bien pour l'environnement que pour l'image du produit et de la viticulture. Dans l'objectif de maîtriser ces intrants, l'IFV s'est très tôt intéressé aux outils de modélisation tels que les modèles Potentiels Systèmes de S. Strizyk. L'amélioration de ces outils se heurte aujourd'hui à l'imprécision des variables climatiques et notamment à l'approximation de la pluviométrie. Pour y remédier, l'IFV teste depuis la campagne 2007, l'impact de données spatialisées à maille fine de l'ordre du kilomètre. L'évaluation met en évidence l'aptitude du modèle à déceler, sur des cellules pluvieuses très localisées, des foyers de contaminations délimités non détectés par les réseaux habituels. La spatialisation fine des informations météorologiques est ainsi un facteur de progrès structurant pour la démarche de modélisation.

Une alternative aux traitements phytosanitaires pour lutter contre le mildiou et l'oïdium de la vigne est le développement de variétés résistantes. Leur création doit intégrer non seulement le niveau de résistance mais également sa durabilité, ainsi que les performances agronomiques notamment la productivité et la composition des baies qui doit convenir à la production de vins de haute qualité. L'Inra (France) a engagé le programme de sélection ResDur, basé sur le pyramidage des facteurs de résistance, en 2000. Il a conduit à l'inscription au catalogue français d'une première série de variétés à résistance polygénique – Artaban, Floreal, Vidoc, Voltis – en 2018. Agroscope (Suisse) a démarré la création de variétés résistantes en 1996, en mobilisant les résistances portées par des variétés allemandes, principalement Bronner. Un premier aboutissement a été l'homologation en Suisse de Divico et Divona, respectivement en 2013 et 2018. En 2009 l'Inra et Agroscope ...

Mahadevan Palanichamy*, Ramaswamy Sankaralingam & Narayanasamy Department of Civil Engineering, School of Environmental and Construction Technology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (KARE), (A deemed to be University), Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India. Department of Civil Engineering, Anjalai Ammal Mahalingam Engineering College, Kovilvenni, Thiruvarur District 614403, Tamil Nadu, India

In this work, bioclimatic parameters and indices relevant to the grapevine are estimated for the years 2000 (recent-pat), 2049 (medium-term future) and 2097 (long-term future), based on very high resolution (1 km × 1 km) MPI-WRF RCP8.5 climate simulations. The selected parameters and indices are the mean temperature during the grapevine growing season period (April to October, Tgs), the cumulative rainfall during the grapevine growing season period (Pgs), the Winkler index (WI), the Huglin heliothermic index (HI), the night cold index (CI) and the dryness index (DI). In general, a significant increase in mean temperature during the grapevine growing season period is observed, together with a significant decrease in precipitation. The recent-past WI is associated with the production of high-quality wines; the higher values predicted for the future represent intensive production of wines of intermediate quality. The HI shows the passage of a grapevine growing region considered as temperate-warm to a warm category of higher helio-thermicity. The recent-past CI indicates very cool conditions (associated with quality wines), while in the future there is a tendency for temperate or warmer nights. Finally, DI indicates an increase in water stress considered already high under the recent-past climate conditions. These results point to an increased climatic stress on the Douro region wine production and increased vulnerability of its vine varieties, providing evidence to support strategies aimed to preserve the high-quality wines in the region and their typicality in a sustainable way.

En la región de Tarapacá se produjo vino desde el siglo XVI, y era una actividad importante en la localidad de Pica y Matilla, en la cual se obtuvieron aproximadamente 350.000 litros. Sin embargo, producto de varios factores, entre ellos el término del ciclo salitrero, la competencia vitivinícola desde la zona central, la aplicación de elevados impuestos y la expropiación de las aguas para el uso de la ciudad de Iquique, se inició el arranque de las plantas de vid. La actividad vitivinícola terminó entre 1937 y 1949. No obstante, quedaron algunas plantas relictas en distintas localidades de la región, que sobrevivieron a las condiciones adversas del desierto más árido del mundo, como son altas temperaturas diurnas durante todo el año, baja humedad relativa, elevada radiación solar, ausencia casi absoluta de precipitaciones y suelo salino. Por ello, se efectuó un rescate de este material vegetal, estableciéndose un pequeño Jardín de Variedades en la Estación Experimental Canchones de la Universidad Arturo Prat. Se realizó un análisis molecular (ADN), a nivel nacional e internacional, para identificar a qué cepas correspondían. Finalmente quedó un genotipo sin identificar, después de haberlo contrastado con aproximadamente 7.000 genotipos. Se utilizó esta información como antecedente complementario para el registro de la cepa a nivel del Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG).

En el presente texto se sostiene la idea de una marcada influencia de la vitivinicultura en el desarrollo historico del patrimonio e identidad cultural, i mportancia que no solo le cabe estrictamente en el campo agricola o bien en torno a las caracteristi cas del mundo rural, sino que habria trascendido hacia otras esferas que componen el sistema social. Asimismo, las apreciaciones generales que se tienen del vino lo vinculan con actividades como la gastronomia, la hoteleria y el eno turismo, toda vez que ve mos como la evolucion de la vitivinicultura chilena ha ido diversificando sus campos de significacion , incorporado nuevos elementos simbolicos , a la cultura del vino

Les variétés résistantes aux maladies cryptogamiques de la vigne sont porteuses de beaucoup d’espoirs dans l’optique d’une baisse de l’utilisation des produits phytosanitaires. Elles semblent être une alternative crédible aux cépages traditionnels car les vins qui en sont issus devraient trouver preneurs sur le marché, d’après une étude publiée par des chercheurs de l’Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (Université de Bordeaux, France).

This research studies the functioning of three categories of intellectual property that have the potential of helping out the vitivinicultural sector to face the sustainability and climate change challenges without losing their distinctiveness and reputation in the market. Specifically, we review the geographical indications, denominations of origin and certificate trademarks. These intellectual categories refer to the prestige of products, in regard to their origin. But their scope and functioning are different. We study the advantages and obstacles that the denominations of origin face in Mexico in other productive sectors. We contrast these elements with those of geographical indication and certification trademarks, to assess which of these categories involve a more appropriate operation to distinguish wine products that comply with the OIV sustainability principles. Our contribution portrays two proposals based on the national and international legal context of Mexico. For insta...

This research studies the functioning of three categories of intellectual property that have the potential of helping out the vitivinicultural sector to face the sustainability and climate change challenges without losing their distinctiveness and reputation in the market. Specifically, we review the geographical indications, denominations of origin and certificate trademarks. These intellectual categories refer to the prestige of products, in regard to their origin. But their scope and functioning are different. We study the advantages and obstacles that the denominations of origin face in Mexico in other productive sectors. We contrast these elements with those of geographical indication and certification trademarks, to assess which of these categories involve a more appropriate operation to distinguish wine products that comply with the OIV sustainability principles. Our contribution portrays two proposals based on the national and international legal context of Mexico. For instance, the more recent Treaty between Mexico, United States and Canada, for the first time in the region, recognizes certification trademarks (article 20.18) and indications of origin (article 20.29). It should be noted that, even though the geographical indication is a category that already exists among the wine sector in other OIV member countries, GIs and certification trademarks were recently recognized within the national legislation in Mexico in 2018. Hence, these categories of intellectual property are not yet in use in the national wine sector that is on the rise in the country. Therefore, it is relevant to evaluate which of them may contribute facing the mentioned challenges; the proposals of this research are: Firstly, the possibility of establishing a certification trademark for those products that comply with the principles of sustainability is analyzed. For this purpose, it is important that the rules of operation of the certification trademark have flexible conditions that can be easily updated to the social and climatic context that may occur in each harvest. The second proposal reviews the possibility of establishing a cross-border geographical indication, to distinguish wine products from California in USA and Baja California, Mexico. If the conditions of the legal framework are feasible for such GI, the producers in this territory may collaborate to deal with their different needs, having a distinctive sign in common, with which the consumer can identify this production area. Each of the proposals generate different alternatives that intent to give the necessary flexibilities the vitivinicultur sector need to accommodate the climate change conditions of each harvest, but preserving the umbrella

This study presents the global climate model IPSL‐CM6A‐LR developed at Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace (IPSL) to study natural climate variability and climate response to natural and anthropogenic forcings as part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). This article describes the different model components, their coupling, and the simulated climate in comparison to previous model versions. We focus here on the representation of the physical climate along with the main characteristics of the global carbon cycle. The model's climatology, as assessed from a range of metrics (related in particular to radiation, temperature, precipitation, and wind), is strongly improved in comparison to previous model versions. Although they are reduced, a number of known biases and shortcomings (e.g., double Intertropical Convergence Zone [ITCZ], frequency of midlatitude wintertime blockings, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation [ENSO] dynamics) persist. The equilibrium c...

Grapevine is one of the most important horticultura l perennial crops grown in many countries from worl dwide. In this paper, we review the global benefits of arbuscular mycorrhiza application for grapevine production and the impact of viticultural practices for these natural microorgan isms t o establish symbiotic associations with vine roots . This review aims to provide a brief overview of the status of a nd to outline the most important application and ef fects of AMF in viticulture in order to increase the sustainability of vineyards. Viticulture has to adapt to new chal lenges of pest and chemicals fertilizers management, climate change, g lobal urbanization, land erosions, increasing droug hts, world population growth and others factors that can affec t the sustainability of viticultural production sys tems. One of ecofriendly approaches is to use the application of ar buscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF). Response of grapevine to AMF application demonstrated a lot of benefits for...

Les réunions des viticulteurs initiées par les sociologues d'ETBX ont été interrompues durant une année pour être reprises la veille de la remise de ce rapport. En conséquence, la production de ce groupe de viticulteurs n'a pu être suffisamment élaborée pour que les économistes et les agronomes puissent la prolonger en évaluant, à l'échelle d'un territoire et de la filière, les effets probables des scenarii proposés. L'ensemble de l'équipe a cependant participé aux réunions de coordination annuelles et se retrouve globalement dans un programme de recherche ExpoJust financé par le Labex Cote. Il permet de poursuivre ce questionnement durant 3 années supplémentaires, enrichi par un travail de thèse en sociologie et un volet en économie expérimentale. 1. Une recherche-action capacitante en viticulture bordelaise sur les inégalités de participation des travailleurs ..

Grape variety has a significant impact on wine flavan-3-ol and polysaccharide profile. The main objective of this work was to study differences in flavan-3-ol and polysaccharide diffusion from grape to wine during the fermentative alcoholic maceration of three Vitis sp. varieties: the cold-hardy hybrid varieties Frontenac and Frontenac blanc, and the V. vinifera variety Cabernet-Sauvignon. Polysaccharides from must and wine were precipitated by ethanol and quantified using the phenol-sulfuric method of Dubois. Flavan-3-ol concentration and profile were analysed by HPLC-FLD. Results showed that wines from Frontenac and Frontenac blanc had less oligomeric and polymeric flavan-3-ols than those from V. vinifera Cabernet-Sauvignon. Wines made from Frontenac also had a higher concentration in total polysaccharides. Preliminary results from GPC/SEC analyses suggested that Frontenac wine had a higher content in mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-2 polysaccharides compared to the other studied varieties. Overall, wines of Frontenac showed the highest content in total polysaccharides, and the lowest content in condensed tannins. As polysaccharides are known to negatively impact wine perceived astringency, these results suggest that significant attention should be given to the polysaccharide composition of cold-hardy cultivars in the context of cold climate wine production. Such knowledge may help winemakers from cold climate areas to improve the winemaking processes and final wine composition when working with cold-hardy Vitis sp. varieties. Knowledge on interspecific hybrid polysaccharide and flavan-3-ol kinetic during the alcoholic fermentative maceration may help the winemakers from cold climate areas to improve winemaking processes and final wine composition. k e y w o r d s cold-hardy grape, Vitis vinifera, cold climate, winemaking, flavan-3-ol, polysaccharide Supplementary data can be downloaded through: https://oeno-one.eu/article/view/3695

Grape variety has a significant impact on wine flavan-3-ol and polysaccharide profile. The main objective of this work was to study differences in flavan-3-ol and polysaccharide diffusion from grape to wine during the fermentative alcoholic maceration of three Vitis sp. varieties: the cold-hardy hybrid varieties Frontenac and Frontenac blanc, and the V. vinifera variety Cabernet-Sauvignon. Polysaccharides from must and wine were precipitated by ethanol and quantified using the phenol-sulfuric method of Dubois. Flavan-3-ol concentration and profile were analysed by HPLC-FLD. Results showed that wines from Frontenac and Frontenac blanc had less oligomeric and polymeric flavan-3-ols than those from V. vinifera Cabernet-Sauvignon. Wines made from Frontenac also had a higher concentration in total polysaccharides. Preliminary results from GPC/SEC analyses suggested that Frontenac wine had a higher content in mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-2 polysaccharides compared to the other stu...

The flavanol and anthocyanin contents of five red fungus-resistant grape varieties (Frontenac, Maréchal Foch, Marquette, Sabrevois and St. Croix) were characterized from berry (skin, seed, free-run must) to wine to evaluate varietal differences and relationships between the berry and wine composition. Flavanols were separated by HPLC according to their degree of polymerization and quantified by fluorescence. Pigments and total phenolic compounds were measured by spectrophotometry UVvisible. Principal component analysis (PCA) of berry composition showed large differences between the studied varieties. Total flavanol concentration ranged from 46 (Maréchal Foch) to 377 (St. Croix) μ gepicatechin eq./berry in berry skin and was mostly composed of polymers (9 + flavanol units). The flavanol content of berry seed ranged from 212 (Frontenac) to 1337 (Sabrevois) μ gepicatechin eq./berry and mostly comprised flavanol monomers to trimers. Both musts and wines showed low flavanols concentratio...

Melia azedarach, a versatile tree belonging to the Meliaceae family, presents a significant challenge in achieving successful seed germination for forest plantations. The robust nature of Melia azedarach seeds necessitates pre-treatments to overcome physical barriers and enhance water absorption. Natural ecosystems often benefit from the symbiotic relationship between Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant roots, which promotes survival and growth. This study examined the impact of Glomus mosseae-inoculated soil on Melia azedarach seeds treated with pre-sowing techniques at the Nursery of the Forestry Department, CCSHAU, Hisar in 2019. Glomus mosseae was sown at a rate of 400–500 sporocarps per kg of soil, and its influence was evaluated in terms of physiological parameters, survival rate, root colonization percentage, and sporocarp count. Each replication of the experiment involved 250 seedlings and was repeated five times. Results demonstrated that soils inoculated with Glomu...

A nossa comunicação analisa os sistemas de cultivo em Trás-os-Montes, relacionando a problemática dos usos do solo com a intensificação agrícola entre 1750 e 1890. Sendo um período em que se operaram várias mudanças no quadro da agricultura nacional e se criaram as condições económicas e sociais para um aumento da produção alimentar, focamo-nos sobretudo na evolução da fertilidade do solo e nas condições da sua reprodução segundo uma perspetiva local. Discutem-se por isso as práticas de fertilização orgânica para produção de bens alimentares na longa duração. Atendendo ao aumento da população e à consequente necessidade de produzir alimentos nos séculos XVIII e XIX, qual foi o impacto na articulação agro-silvo-pastoril em Trás-os-Montes, uma vez que a mesma sustentava a fertilidade do solo nos sistemas de agricultura orgânica? Na leitura de Floras, “diários de campo” dos cientistas, relatórios, artigos científicos e memórias, empreende-se uma metodologia de cruzamento destas fontes com informações sobre a relação entre pastagens e solo cultivado. O objetivo visa compreender a transferência de nutrientes nestas utilizações do solo, bem como os efeitos provocados pelo desenvolvimento da produção de batata e o alargamento da área agrícola sobre territórios de pastoreio e de matos.

La viña de Quilicura, ubicada en una de las chacras que rodeaban Santiago, tiene su origen en una merced otorgada por el Cabildo a pocos años de iniciada la conquista hispana, dándose posteriormente en ella todas las formas de traspaso de la propiedad: venta, herencia, dote, división, reunificación, donación, pago de deudas, y remate. Puede verse, a través de sus propietarios, que se da lo señalado por la historiografía acerca de la elite chilena: posesión de casas en la traza, chacras en el cordón suburbano y estancias en el ámbito rural. No solo sirvió para los fines económicos de la producción de vino, pequeños arriendos, y la obtención de capitales con la imposición de gravámenes, sino para otros tales como negociaciones matrimoniales, hasta los que, excediendo el plano temporal, ayudaban a salir antes del purgatorio. Esta viña sirve de muestra sobre una unidad de producción con sus formas de trabajarla, gastos y riesgos naturales que debía enfrentar. Palabras clave: Economía colonial latinoamericana-viticultura chilena-hacienda vitivinícola ABSTRACT The Quilicura vineyard, located in a farm (chacra) close to Santiago, was originated in a land grant approved by the town council (cabildo) shortly after the Spanish Conquest. It thereafter underwent every form of property transfer: sale, inheritance, dowry, subdivision, reunification, donation, debt payment and public auction. Its successive proprietors conform to what the historiography has said about Chile's colonial elite: they also owned town houses, farms in the suburban belt and cattle estates in the more rural areas. The vineyard did not only meet economic ends such as the production of wine, small leases and the acquisition of capital through mortgages, but it was also instrumental in negotiating marriages and, surpassing the worldly sphere, obtaining a shorter stay in Purgatory. This vineyard is a fine sample of a colonial economic unit, the ways it was exploited, and the expenditures and natural risks it had to confront.

The present study was conducted to determine salt response of grain sorghum (Sureno) plants through antioxidant defense enzymes and to determine their salt resistanceat biochemical level. Sorghum plants were grown in climate chambers for 15 days in 3 replications in Hoagland growth medium under different salt concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). At the end of growing period, roots and leaves were separated and the effects of salt stress were assessed spectrophotometrically through antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll and carotenes. Root CAT increased until 100 mM, SOD, APX and GST activities increased with increasing salt concentrations until 150 mM and then they all decreased. Increasing salt concentrations elevated MDA accumulation in sorghum roots. Leaf SOD and APX activities and proline contents increased until 150 mM and CAT, GR and GST activities increased until 100 mM and then they all decreased. Leaf MDA contents also increased with higher salt concentrations. However, incr...

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high temperatures on three tomato cultivars at first bloom and yield stages. The leaves were subjected to high temperature stress at 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60°C with gradual increments every 30-minutes in both stages. Samples were analyzed for total chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoid (Car), ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), total soluble protein (TSP) contents. Besides, protein profiles were determined with SDS-PAGE. Heat stress decreased Chl content in both stages, while it was higher in first bloom stage than in yield stage. Whereas carotenoid content increased in both stages. The AsA and GSH contents were higher in yield stage than in first bloom stage. Heat stress, generally reduced AsA content, while increased GSH content. It was observed that the effect of cultivars and temperature treatments on the TSP content was different in both periods. In addition, TSP content had decreased with increasing temperatures, while many p...

En la región de Tarapacá se produjo vino desde el siglo XVI, y era una actividad importante en la localidad de Pica y Matilla, en la cual se obtuvieron aproximadamente 350.000 litros. Sin embargo, producto de varios factores, entre ellos el término del ciclo salitrero, la competencia vitivinícola desde la zona central, la aplicación de elevados impuestos y la expropiación de las aguas para el uso de la ciudad de Iquique, se inició el arranque de las plantas de vid. La actividad vitivinícola terminó entre 1937 y 1949. No obstante, quedaron algunas plantas relictas en distintas localidades de la región, que sobrevivieron a las condiciones adversas del desierto más árido del mundo, como son altas temperaturas diurnas durante todo el año, baja humedad relativa, elevada radiación solar, ausencia casi absoluta de precipitaciones y suelo salino. Por ello, se efectuó un rescate de este material vegetal, estableciéndose un pequeño Jardín de Variedades en la Estación Experimental Canchones de la Universidad Arturo Prat. Se realizó un análisis molecular (ADN), a nivel nacional e internacional, para identificar a qué cepas correspondían. Finalmente quedó un genotipo sin identificar, después de haberlo contrastado con aproximadamente 7.000 genotipos. Se utilizó esta información como antecedente complementario para el registro de la cepa a nivel del Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG).