Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the most important socio-economically important plants in the gl... more Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the most important socio-economically important plants in the global scale, and the need for its breeding is increasing. In viticulture, mutation is more promising than crossbreeding in breeding new genotypes from natural genetic diversity. Polyploid plants outperform their diploid relatives in several respects. In this study, the efficacy of oryzalin and N2O mutagens in the induction of polyploidy was investigated by applying different doses and durations to the forced cuttings of 41B [Chasselas (Vitis vinifera L.) × Vitis berlandieri Planch)] and Fercal [(Vitis vinifera x Vitis berlandieri) × 333 EM] rootstocks. LD50 values of mutagen applications were determined, morphological and cytological effects were examined by macroscopic, microscopic, and cytological methods. Application time and dose increase of mutagens decreased LD50 values. As a result of mutagen applications, leaf thickness and chlorophyll content of the surviving plants increased. Ap...
Micropropagation is a tool for large-scale reproduction of planting material for viticulture sust... more Micropropagation is a tool for large-scale reproduction of planting material for viticulture sustainability. Successful micropropagation depends on the continued productivity of plantlets during the acclimatization phase. Due to high humidity in the culture container and free water in the environment, it causes rapid water loss and drying of plantlets with watery stems and leaves, poorly developed cuticle, large intercellular space, and incomplete stomata. Acclimatization of in vitro grown plantlets is often difficult. Silicon is gaining in importance as a useful tool in coping with multiple stress factors in different plant species, due to its contribution to the formation of the cuticle of plants, its mechanical resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, and its contribution to the flow of water through stomata and plant surfaces. In this study, the effects of 500 and 1000 µL ortho silicon applications at the acclimatization stage on in vitro propagated plantlets of 41B, 110R and Fe...
Polyploidy has been used in horticulture as a breeding tool to enhance characteristics such as fl... more Polyploidy has been used in horticulture as a breeding tool to enhance characteristics such as flower size, flower number, plant size, increased width-to-length ratio of leaves and leaf thickness. Nitrous oxide gas (N2O) was applied to seedlings and zygotes of many plants as a polyploidizing agent instead of colchicine treatments. N2O application to obtain polyploid grapevines has not been tested before and has been used as a new approach in viticulture. In this study, N2O was applied in order to induce mitotic ploidy of 41B grapevine rootstock and 'Trakya İlkeren', 'Gök Üzüm' and 'Ekşi Kara' grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) single node cuttings. The application of N2O was performed for 24 h at 12000 kPa and 25°C, after the cuttings sprouted and hand 2-3 leaf developed at different stages of mitosis. The effects were evaluated by stomata traits (density, length, width, and area) and by flow cytometry (FC) analysis using a high-performance multi-laser system. The results showed that stomatas were morphological changed by N2O applications at a significant level. The stomata density was significantly decreased (-28%) in 41B rootstock; grapevine cultivars were also significantly affected. On the other hand, the FC analysis did not detect any polyploid induced plants. The present study reveals that polyploid frequency obtained using N2O was low in the tested rootstock and grapevine varieties; this was likely is due either to the sensitivity of the diploid rootstock and grape cultivars genotypes or to the N2Otreatment method.
Seed germination is a key ecological and agronomic trait, which plays a critical role affecting t... more Seed germination is a key ecological and agronomic trait, which plays a critical role affecting the subsequent growth and production of higher plants. The bioactive molecule nitric oxide (NO) is a prooxidant as well as antioxidant in plants. Gibberellic acid (GA) enhances the seed germination. In the present study, we tested the effects of Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as NO donor) and GA3 applications on seed viability, seed germination and seedling development of the Control, and Boron (B) and Zinc (Zn) applied grapevine seeds (Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Ekşi Kara and Gök Üzüm). B and Zn treatments were carried out in a commercial vineyard in Konya province Turkey, and aqueous solution of SNP (100 μM-24 h, 100 μM-48 h) and GA3 (1 gL−1-24 h, 1 gL−1-48 h) treatments applied at 90 days stratified seeds in Selcuk University. Foliar spray of boric acid (0.15%) and Zn sulfate (0.25%) were done approximately two weeks after full bloom. Results showed that the SNP and the GA3 treatments enhanced the viability and germination rates of the seeds. The B and the Zn foliar applications also promoted the seed viability and seed germination rates in both grape cultivars. Effects of treatments on seedling development depended on the cultivar and application time in the Control, B and Zn applied seeds. The results showed that the SNP and the GA3 applications can be useful for promoting seed viability and seed germination rates in grapevines.
Selcuk Journal of Agricultural and Food Sciences, 2017
Kara' (Vitis vinifera L.) is an ancient and autochthone grapevine cultivar intensively grown in K... more Kara' (Vitis vinifera L.) is an ancient and autochthone grapevine cultivar intensively grown in Konya due to its well-adaptation to the ecology. Thus, it has been promising with its unique characteristics peculiar to similar ecologies. This cultivar is robust and very fruitful in comparison with many other V. vinifera varieties in the region. The sex of the flowers is functionally female, and need a pollinator, for a good fruit set. 'Gök ARTICLE INFO ABSRACT Article history:
Öz 'Gök Üzüm' (Vitis vinifera L.), antik dönemden gelen, Konya yöresinde yoğun olarak yetiştirile... more Öz 'Gök Üzüm' (Vitis vinifera L.), antik dönemden gelen, Konya yöresinde yoğun olarak yetiştirilen, ekolojik adaptasyonu iyi, omçaları güçlü ve çok verimli, lokalde sofralık, kuruduğunda doğal rengi yeşil rengini koruyan çerezlik çekirdekli kurutmalık, pekmezlik gibi çok maksatlı değerlendirilebilen, 'Ekşi Kara' çeşidine tozlayıcı olarak kullanılan, lokalde ve diğer benzer bağ ekolojileri için ümitvar, ülkesel ve global pazar potansiyeli taşıyan bir üzüm çeşididir. Çeşidin ampelografik tanımı, OIV üzüm ve asma anaç çeşit tanımlama kriterleri listesinde yer alan 69 asıl tanımlayıcıdan 63'ü ve 89 tamamlayıcı tanımlama karakterinden 81'i olmak üzere, toplam 144 karakterle yapılmıştır. 'Gök Üzüm' çeşidinin minimal tanımı; Genç sürgün: Sürgün ucu tipi (OIV 001) 5 'Tamamen açık'; Sürgün ucunda dik tüy yoğunluğu (OIV 004) 9 'Çok yüksek'tir. Sürgün: Arka arkaya gelen sülük sayısı (OIV 016) 1 [Kesikli (2 veya daha az)]'dir. Genç yaprak: Aya üst yüzeyinin rengi (4. yaprak) (OIV 051) 3 'Bronz'dur. Olgun yaprak: Ayanın şekli (OIV 067) 3 'Beşgen şeklinde'; Dilim sayısı (OIV 068) 3 'Beş'; Aya üst yüzeyinde antosiyanin renklenme alanı (OIV 070) 2 'Sadece sap bağlantı noktasında'; Dişlerin şekli (OIV 076) 3 'Her iki tarafı dışbükey'; Sap cebinin açıklık / üst üste binme durumu (OIV 079) 7 'Üst üste binmiş'; Sap cebi kenarında damarla sınırlanma (OIV 81-2) 1 'Sınırlanma yok'. Olgun yaprak: Aya alt yüzeyinde ana damarlar arasında yatık tüylerin yoğunluğu (OIV 084) 5 'Orta'; Aya alt yüzeyinde ana damarlar üzerinde dik tüylerin yoğunluğu (OIV 087) 3 'Düşük'tür. Tane: Şekli (OIV 223) 3 'Yuvarlak'; Kabuk rengi (OIV 225) 1 'Yeşil sarı' olarak tanımlanmıştır.
Many important local grape cultivars have been producing for their local preference and well adap... more Many important local grape cultivars have been producing for their local preference and well adaptation in own zones. 'Eksi Kara' and 'Gök Üzüm' (Vitis vinifera L.) are ancient cultivars in the Anatolian peninsula, especially in the middle Taurus viticultural areas, and are utilized as table grape, raisin and grape juice production. Boron (B) plays a key role in fruit set and effects the formation of pollen grains and pollen tube growth, while zinc (Zn) plays an important role in different enzyme activities and cell division. Zn and B deficiencies cause significant yield losses in vineyards. 'Eksi Kara' has functional female flowers and it has been pollinated with hermaphroditic flowers of grape 'Gök Üzüm'. In this study, two weeks after the fruit set, 1.5 g L-1 B (H3BO3) and 2.5 g L-1 Zn (ZnSO4) were applied separately in the 20 years old producer vineyards at 1000 m. Both cultivars were grafted on rootstocks 110R. The effects of the B and Zn treatments were evaluated by measuring berry and cluster size and fruit quality at harvest. The foliar treatments affected berry and cluster sizes and measured fruit quality values in both cultivars. Berry weight was increased 21.50% in 'Eksi Kara', and the cluster weight was increased 33% in 'Eksi Kara' by B. Berry weight was increased 18.13% in 'Gök Üzüm' and 9% in 'Eksi Kara' by Zn. The increase in cluster weight was measured 47.92 and 46.74% in 'Eksi Kara' and 'Gök Üzüm' respectively by Zn. Fruit juice yield was increased 16.18% by Zn on the other hand 22% decrease detected in 'Gök Üzüm' by B application. Fruit ripening process was not significantly altered by Zn while B treatment caused acceleration on fruit ripening in both cultivars. The present study reveals that effects of B and Zn were different among cultivars.
Ekonomik olarak çok geniş bir alanda yapılan bağcılık, filoksera zararlısının geniş alanlara yayı... more Ekonomik olarak çok geniş bir alanda yapılan bağcılık, filoksera zararlısının geniş alanlara yayılması nedeniyle neredeyse anaç kullanılmadan yapılamaz hale gelmiştir. Mevcut asma anaçları sektörün gereksinimlerini tam olarak karşılayamadığından anaç ıslahı da süreklilik arz etmektedir. Bu maksatla vegetasyon süresi daha kısa, biyotik ve abiyotik stress koşullarına daha dayanıklı anaçların geliştirilmesine çalışılmaktadır. Bağcılıkta tetraploid üzüm çeşitlerinin yanısıra anaçların da geliştirilmesi son yıllarda daha yoğun ilgi çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 41B anacına ait tek göz çelikleri serada köklendirilip hızlı büyümeye geçtikleri dönemde farklı süre (24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat) ve dozlarda (%0.1, %0.3, %0.5, %0.7, %0.9 ve %1.1) kolhisin uygulamalarının ploidiyi teşvike yönelik etkileri incelenmiştir. Kolhisin doz ve uygulama sürelerine göre morfolojik değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Stoma boyu, stoma genişliği ve stoma alanında artış, stoma sayısında ise azalma tespit edilmiştir. Ancak flow sitometri (FC) analizlerinde sitolojik değişiklik tespit edilememiştir. Sonuçta, 41B tek göz çeliklerinden gelen sürgünlere farklı doz ve uygulama süreleriyle yapılan kolhisin uygulamalarından toplam 240 adet materyalin FC analizine göre mitotic autopolyploid bitkilere ulaşılamadağı anlaşılmıştır. 41B asma anacında kolhisinle polyploidi teşvikine yönelik tam mutasyon frekansının bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre 1/240'den daha düşüktür. Bununla birlikte kolhisinle muamele edilmiş materyalde tespit edilen önemli morfolojik farklılıklar ve FC analizlerindeki sınırlı varyasyon nedeniyle materyalin bundan sonraki sürecinin takip etmek üzere araziye aktarılarak izlenmektedir.
In this study, the mutagenic effects of different doses and exposure times of oryzalin and Nitrog... more In this study, the mutagenic effects of different doses and exposure times of oryzalin and Nitrogen Protoxide (N 2 O) were tested for stimulating polyploid on 41 B and Fercal grapevine rootstocks seedlings. Ploidy changes were examined by morphological, cytological, macroscopic, and microscopic methods. Leaf thickness, chlorophyll contents, stomatal sizes, and chloroplast numbers of polyploid seedlings stimulated with mutagens increased but their stomatal densities decreased. Flow cytometry (FC) analyses were performed on 50 samples selected by morphological and microscopic preliminary determinations. In FC analyses, 1 tetraploid seedling and 4 mixoploid seedlings from Fercal offspring and 1 mixoploid seedling from 41 B offspring were verified. The nuclear DNA content of tetraploid and mixoploid seedlings were increased by 2.00 and 1.34-fold, respectively, when compared to their diploid parents. Chromosome counts in root tip samples propagated in vitro from the tetraploid Fercal offspring confirmed a 2-fold increase compared to the diploid parent. In polyploidy induction studies, it was deemed appropriate to use FC analysis and chromosome count together to confirm the ploidy levels of mutants. Oryzalin and N 2 O applications at different doses and exposure times were found to be effective for inducing polyploidy in 41 B and Fercal grapevine rootstocks.
Propagation of grape rootstocks with cuttings is one of the routine processes of viticulture. Cut... more Propagation of grape rootstocks with cuttings is one of the routine processes of viticulture. Cutting studies for nursery production under nursery conditions often fall below the expected productivity level due to biotic and abiotic stress. To increase nursery yield remains on the agenda of vine researchers. Encapsulated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced by the green synthesis method from grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera L. cv Okuzgozu) with high phenolic content and silver nitrate (AgNO). The size of AgNPs was determined by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) as 10–50 nm and was not agglomerated and browned in colour. The effect of AgNPs on rooting of standard lignified 41B (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chasselas × Vitis berlandieri) rootstocks pure and with Indole 3 Butyric Acid (IBA) (control, 0.5 mg L−1 AgNPs, 0.5 mg L−1 AgNPs 50 ppm IBA, 1 mg L−1 AgNPs, 1 mg L−1 AgNPs 50 ppm IBA and 50 ppm IBA) were tested. The effects of the applications on the cuttings in the greenhouse 1:1 perlite peat medium, leaf chlorophyll content, vegetative growth parameters and the effects on the vascular tissues were evaluated by micro tomography (microCT). Applications of pure AgNPs and combined with IBA did not altered the leaf chlorophyll content. While 1 mg L−1 AgNPs application, which was the closest level to 50 ppm IBA, provided the root and shoot development, while the application of 1 mg L−1 AgNPs encouraged the development of shoot most. The 1 mg L−1 AgNPs + 50 ppm IBA application resulted in the highest number of nodes in shoots developing from cuttings. In microCT analysis of rooted and unrooted grapevine cuttings, tissue damage was determined that was attributed to result in drying due to embolism and loss of nursery material. AgNPs applications are thought to increase the nursery success in grapevine rootstock cuttings.
International Journal of Advances in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJASEAT), 2020
Grapevine (Vitisspp.) is one of the most socioeconomically important fruit crops worldwide. Viral... more Grapevine (Vitisspp.) is one of the most socioeconomically important fruit crops worldwide. Viral diseases are also common in grapevine plantations.Infected grapevines give rise to disturbances in plant growth and metabolism include seed metabolism. Enhansing the seed germination plays a critical role affecting the subsequent for increasing breeding efficiency of higher plants.Extracted grape seeds require the break of dormancy by several physical and chemical treatments before sowing. The aim of this study is to compare virus free and multiple virus (Grapevine leafroll associated virus (GLRaV-1, 2, 3), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), and Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV)infected grapevine clones (Vitis vinifera L. cv Ekşi Kara seeds germination and seedling regeneration and growth, and the test the effects of Sodium nitroprusside (SNP as NO donor) and Gibberellic acid (as GA3) applications on this process. Results: Results showed that virus infections restricted seed germination, surviving and shoot growth.SNP and GA3 application promoted the germination rate in the virus free samples but in the infected samples the SNP and GA3 applications were little promoted the germination rates.The germination rate difference between virus free and infected samples was 11.46%, likewise that was 29.63% between the seedling regeneration rates, and that were 44.45%, 37.04%, 48.18%, 74.15% SNP 24h, SNP 48h, GA3 24h, GA3 48h, respectively. SNP and GA3 treatments were promoted shoot growth in the virus free samples, but that was decreased in the infected samples. The SPAD walues was greather in virus free samples but SNP application increased it in infected samples. Conclusions: GLRaV-1, 2, 3, GFLV, and GFkVinfections restricted seed germination, seedling regeneration and seedling growth. SNP and GA3 increased seedling development only virus free samples. As a result of the study, virus ifections are implicated in the control of seed germination, seedling regeneration and surviving of young plants. Significance of the study: Our results highlight that GLRaV-1, 2, 3, GFLV, and GFkVinfected grapevine clones cv Ekşi Kara seeds can germinate in controlled environment, but the woody shoot length was so litle (30 cm) these seedlings couldnot survining in natural environment. On the orher hand SNP and GA3 applications useful tool for seedling developlment from infected grapevines. Keywords - Grapevine, Vitis Vinifera L., Seed Germination, Surviving, Grapevine Leafroll Associated Virus (Glrav-1, 2, 3), Grapevine Fanleaf Virus (GFLV), And Grapevine Fleck Virus (Gfkv)
Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the most important socio-economically important plants in the gl... more Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the most important socio-economically important plants in the global scale, and the need for its breeding is increasing. In viticulture, mutation is more promising than crossbreeding in breeding new genotypes from natural genetic diversity. Polyploid plants outperform their diploid relatives in several respects. In this study, the efficacy of oryzalin and N2O mutagens in the induction of polyploidy was investigated by applying different doses and durations to the forced cuttings of 41B [Chasselas (Vitis vinifera L.) × Vitis berlandieri Planch)] and Fercal [(Vitis vinifera x Vitis berlandieri) × 333 EM] rootstocks. LD50 values of mutagen applications were determined, morphological and cytological effects were examined by macroscopic, microscopic, and cytological methods. Application time and dose increase of mutagens decreased LD50 values. As a result of mutagen applications, leaf thickness and chlorophyll content of the surviving plants increased. Ap...
Micropropagation is a tool for large-scale reproduction of planting material for viticulture sust... more Micropropagation is a tool for large-scale reproduction of planting material for viticulture sustainability. Successful micropropagation depends on the continued productivity of plantlets during the acclimatization phase. Due to high humidity in the culture container and free water in the environment, it causes rapid water loss and drying of plantlets with watery stems and leaves, poorly developed cuticle, large intercellular space, and incomplete stomata. Acclimatization of in vitro grown plantlets is often difficult. Silicon is gaining in importance as a useful tool in coping with multiple stress factors in different plant species, due to its contribution to the formation of the cuticle of plants, its mechanical resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, and its contribution to the flow of water through stomata and plant surfaces. In this study, the effects of 500 and 1000 µL ortho silicon applications at the acclimatization stage on in vitro propagated plantlets of 41B, 110R and Fe...
Polyploidy has been used in horticulture as a breeding tool to enhance characteristics such as fl... more Polyploidy has been used in horticulture as a breeding tool to enhance characteristics such as flower size, flower number, plant size, increased width-to-length ratio of leaves and leaf thickness. Nitrous oxide gas (N2O) was applied to seedlings and zygotes of many plants as a polyploidizing agent instead of colchicine treatments. N2O application to obtain polyploid grapevines has not been tested before and has been used as a new approach in viticulture. In this study, N2O was applied in order to induce mitotic ploidy of 41B grapevine rootstock and 'Trakya İlkeren', 'Gök Üzüm' and 'Ekşi Kara' grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) single node cuttings. The application of N2O was performed for 24 h at 12000 kPa and 25°C, after the cuttings sprouted and hand 2-3 leaf developed at different stages of mitosis. The effects were evaluated by stomata traits (density, length, width, and area) and by flow cytometry (FC) analysis using a high-performance multi-laser system. The results showed that stomatas were morphological changed by N2O applications at a significant level. The stomata density was significantly decreased (-28%) in 41B rootstock; grapevine cultivars were also significantly affected. On the other hand, the FC analysis did not detect any polyploid induced plants. The present study reveals that polyploid frequency obtained using N2O was low in the tested rootstock and grapevine varieties; this was likely is due either to the sensitivity of the diploid rootstock and grape cultivars genotypes or to the N2Otreatment method.
Seed germination is a key ecological and agronomic trait, which plays a critical role affecting t... more Seed germination is a key ecological and agronomic trait, which plays a critical role affecting the subsequent growth and production of higher plants. The bioactive molecule nitric oxide (NO) is a prooxidant as well as antioxidant in plants. Gibberellic acid (GA) enhances the seed germination. In the present study, we tested the effects of Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as NO donor) and GA3 applications on seed viability, seed germination and seedling development of the Control, and Boron (B) and Zinc (Zn) applied grapevine seeds (Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Ekşi Kara and Gök Üzüm). B and Zn treatments were carried out in a commercial vineyard in Konya province Turkey, and aqueous solution of SNP (100 μM-24 h, 100 μM-48 h) and GA3 (1 gL−1-24 h, 1 gL−1-48 h) treatments applied at 90 days stratified seeds in Selcuk University. Foliar spray of boric acid (0.15%) and Zn sulfate (0.25%) were done approximately two weeks after full bloom. Results showed that the SNP and the GA3 treatments enhanced the viability and germination rates of the seeds. The B and the Zn foliar applications also promoted the seed viability and seed germination rates in both grape cultivars. Effects of treatments on seedling development depended on the cultivar and application time in the Control, B and Zn applied seeds. The results showed that the SNP and the GA3 applications can be useful for promoting seed viability and seed germination rates in grapevines.
Selcuk Journal of Agricultural and Food Sciences, 2017
Kara' (Vitis vinifera L.) is an ancient and autochthone grapevine cultivar intensively grown in K... more Kara' (Vitis vinifera L.) is an ancient and autochthone grapevine cultivar intensively grown in Konya due to its well-adaptation to the ecology. Thus, it has been promising with its unique characteristics peculiar to similar ecologies. This cultivar is robust and very fruitful in comparison with many other V. vinifera varieties in the region. The sex of the flowers is functionally female, and need a pollinator, for a good fruit set. 'Gök ARTICLE INFO ABSRACT Article history:
Öz 'Gök Üzüm' (Vitis vinifera L.), antik dönemden gelen, Konya yöresinde yoğun olarak yetiştirile... more Öz 'Gök Üzüm' (Vitis vinifera L.), antik dönemden gelen, Konya yöresinde yoğun olarak yetiştirilen, ekolojik adaptasyonu iyi, omçaları güçlü ve çok verimli, lokalde sofralık, kuruduğunda doğal rengi yeşil rengini koruyan çerezlik çekirdekli kurutmalık, pekmezlik gibi çok maksatlı değerlendirilebilen, 'Ekşi Kara' çeşidine tozlayıcı olarak kullanılan, lokalde ve diğer benzer bağ ekolojileri için ümitvar, ülkesel ve global pazar potansiyeli taşıyan bir üzüm çeşididir. Çeşidin ampelografik tanımı, OIV üzüm ve asma anaç çeşit tanımlama kriterleri listesinde yer alan 69 asıl tanımlayıcıdan 63'ü ve 89 tamamlayıcı tanımlama karakterinden 81'i olmak üzere, toplam 144 karakterle yapılmıştır. 'Gök Üzüm' çeşidinin minimal tanımı; Genç sürgün: Sürgün ucu tipi (OIV 001) 5 'Tamamen açık'; Sürgün ucunda dik tüy yoğunluğu (OIV 004) 9 'Çok yüksek'tir. Sürgün: Arka arkaya gelen sülük sayısı (OIV 016) 1 [Kesikli (2 veya daha az)]'dir. Genç yaprak: Aya üst yüzeyinin rengi (4. yaprak) (OIV 051) 3 'Bronz'dur. Olgun yaprak: Ayanın şekli (OIV 067) 3 'Beşgen şeklinde'; Dilim sayısı (OIV 068) 3 'Beş'; Aya üst yüzeyinde antosiyanin renklenme alanı (OIV 070) 2 'Sadece sap bağlantı noktasında'; Dişlerin şekli (OIV 076) 3 'Her iki tarafı dışbükey'; Sap cebinin açıklık / üst üste binme durumu (OIV 079) 7 'Üst üste binmiş'; Sap cebi kenarında damarla sınırlanma (OIV 81-2) 1 'Sınırlanma yok'. Olgun yaprak: Aya alt yüzeyinde ana damarlar arasında yatık tüylerin yoğunluğu (OIV 084) 5 'Orta'; Aya alt yüzeyinde ana damarlar üzerinde dik tüylerin yoğunluğu (OIV 087) 3 'Düşük'tür. Tane: Şekli (OIV 223) 3 'Yuvarlak'; Kabuk rengi (OIV 225) 1 'Yeşil sarı' olarak tanımlanmıştır.
Many important local grape cultivars have been producing for their local preference and well adap... more Many important local grape cultivars have been producing for their local preference and well adaptation in own zones. 'Eksi Kara' and 'Gök Üzüm' (Vitis vinifera L.) are ancient cultivars in the Anatolian peninsula, especially in the middle Taurus viticultural areas, and are utilized as table grape, raisin and grape juice production. Boron (B) plays a key role in fruit set and effects the formation of pollen grains and pollen tube growth, while zinc (Zn) plays an important role in different enzyme activities and cell division. Zn and B deficiencies cause significant yield losses in vineyards. 'Eksi Kara' has functional female flowers and it has been pollinated with hermaphroditic flowers of grape 'Gök Üzüm'. In this study, two weeks after the fruit set, 1.5 g L-1 B (H3BO3) and 2.5 g L-1 Zn (ZnSO4) were applied separately in the 20 years old producer vineyards at 1000 m. Both cultivars were grafted on rootstocks 110R. The effects of the B and Zn treatments were evaluated by measuring berry and cluster size and fruit quality at harvest. The foliar treatments affected berry and cluster sizes and measured fruit quality values in both cultivars. Berry weight was increased 21.50% in 'Eksi Kara', and the cluster weight was increased 33% in 'Eksi Kara' by B. Berry weight was increased 18.13% in 'Gök Üzüm' and 9% in 'Eksi Kara' by Zn. The increase in cluster weight was measured 47.92 and 46.74% in 'Eksi Kara' and 'Gök Üzüm' respectively by Zn. Fruit juice yield was increased 16.18% by Zn on the other hand 22% decrease detected in 'Gök Üzüm' by B application. Fruit ripening process was not significantly altered by Zn while B treatment caused acceleration on fruit ripening in both cultivars. The present study reveals that effects of B and Zn were different among cultivars.
Ekonomik olarak çok geniş bir alanda yapılan bağcılık, filoksera zararlısının geniş alanlara yayı... more Ekonomik olarak çok geniş bir alanda yapılan bağcılık, filoksera zararlısının geniş alanlara yayılması nedeniyle neredeyse anaç kullanılmadan yapılamaz hale gelmiştir. Mevcut asma anaçları sektörün gereksinimlerini tam olarak karşılayamadığından anaç ıslahı da süreklilik arz etmektedir. Bu maksatla vegetasyon süresi daha kısa, biyotik ve abiyotik stress koşullarına daha dayanıklı anaçların geliştirilmesine çalışılmaktadır. Bağcılıkta tetraploid üzüm çeşitlerinin yanısıra anaçların da geliştirilmesi son yıllarda daha yoğun ilgi çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 41B anacına ait tek göz çelikleri serada köklendirilip hızlı büyümeye geçtikleri dönemde farklı süre (24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat) ve dozlarda (%0.1, %0.3, %0.5, %0.7, %0.9 ve %1.1) kolhisin uygulamalarının ploidiyi teşvike yönelik etkileri incelenmiştir. Kolhisin doz ve uygulama sürelerine göre morfolojik değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Stoma boyu, stoma genişliği ve stoma alanında artış, stoma sayısında ise azalma tespit edilmiştir. Ancak flow sitometri (FC) analizlerinde sitolojik değişiklik tespit edilememiştir. Sonuçta, 41B tek göz çeliklerinden gelen sürgünlere farklı doz ve uygulama süreleriyle yapılan kolhisin uygulamalarından toplam 240 adet materyalin FC analizine göre mitotic autopolyploid bitkilere ulaşılamadağı anlaşılmıştır. 41B asma anacında kolhisinle polyploidi teşvikine yönelik tam mutasyon frekansının bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre 1/240'den daha düşüktür. Bununla birlikte kolhisinle muamele edilmiş materyalde tespit edilen önemli morfolojik farklılıklar ve FC analizlerindeki sınırlı varyasyon nedeniyle materyalin bundan sonraki sürecinin takip etmek üzere araziye aktarılarak izlenmektedir.
In this study, the mutagenic effects of different doses and exposure times of oryzalin and Nitrog... more In this study, the mutagenic effects of different doses and exposure times of oryzalin and Nitrogen Protoxide (N 2 O) were tested for stimulating polyploid on 41 B and Fercal grapevine rootstocks seedlings. Ploidy changes were examined by morphological, cytological, macroscopic, and microscopic methods. Leaf thickness, chlorophyll contents, stomatal sizes, and chloroplast numbers of polyploid seedlings stimulated with mutagens increased but their stomatal densities decreased. Flow cytometry (FC) analyses were performed on 50 samples selected by morphological and microscopic preliminary determinations. In FC analyses, 1 tetraploid seedling and 4 mixoploid seedlings from Fercal offspring and 1 mixoploid seedling from 41 B offspring were verified. The nuclear DNA content of tetraploid and mixoploid seedlings were increased by 2.00 and 1.34-fold, respectively, when compared to their diploid parents. Chromosome counts in root tip samples propagated in vitro from the tetraploid Fercal offspring confirmed a 2-fold increase compared to the diploid parent. In polyploidy induction studies, it was deemed appropriate to use FC analysis and chromosome count together to confirm the ploidy levels of mutants. Oryzalin and N 2 O applications at different doses and exposure times were found to be effective for inducing polyploidy in 41 B and Fercal grapevine rootstocks.
Propagation of grape rootstocks with cuttings is one of the routine processes of viticulture. Cut... more Propagation of grape rootstocks with cuttings is one of the routine processes of viticulture. Cutting studies for nursery production under nursery conditions often fall below the expected productivity level due to biotic and abiotic stress. To increase nursery yield remains on the agenda of vine researchers. Encapsulated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced by the green synthesis method from grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera L. cv Okuzgozu) with high phenolic content and silver nitrate (AgNO). The size of AgNPs was determined by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) as 10–50 nm and was not agglomerated and browned in colour. The effect of AgNPs on rooting of standard lignified 41B (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chasselas × Vitis berlandieri) rootstocks pure and with Indole 3 Butyric Acid (IBA) (control, 0.5 mg L−1 AgNPs, 0.5 mg L−1 AgNPs 50 ppm IBA, 1 mg L−1 AgNPs, 1 mg L−1 AgNPs 50 ppm IBA and 50 ppm IBA) were tested. The effects of the applications on the cuttings in the greenhouse 1:1 perlite peat medium, leaf chlorophyll content, vegetative growth parameters and the effects on the vascular tissues were evaluated by micro tomography (microCT). Applications of pure AgNPs and combined with IBA did not altered the leaf chlorophyll content. While 1 mg L−1 AgNPs application, which was the closest level to 50 ppm IBA, provided the root and shoot development, while the application of 1 mg L−1 AgNPs encouraged the development of shoot most. The 1 mg L−1 AgNPs + 50 ppm IBA application resulted in the highest number of nodes in shoots developing from cuttings. In microCT analysis of rooted and unrooted grapevine cuttings, tissue damage was determined that was attributed to result in drying due to embolism and loss of nursery material. AgNPs applications are thought to increase the nursery success in grapevine rootstock cuttings.
International Journal of Advances in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJASEAT), 2020
Grapevine (Vitisspp.) is one of the most socioeconomically important fruit crops worldwide. Viral... more Grapevine (Vitisspp.) is one of the most socioeconomically important fruit crops worldwide. Viral diseases are also common in grapevine plantations.Infected grapevines give rise to disturbances in plant growth and metabolism include seed metabolism. Enhansing the seed germination plays a critical role affecting the subsequent for increasing breeding efficiency of higher plants.Extracted grape seeds require the break of dormancy by several physical and chemical treatments before sowing. The aim of this study is to compare virus free and multiple virus (Grapevine leafroll associated virus (GLRaV-1, 2, 3), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), and Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV)infected grapevine clones (Vitis vinifera L. cv Ekşi Kara seeds germination and seedling regeneration and growth, and the test the effects of Sodium nitroprusside (SNP as NO donor) and Gibberellic acid (as GA3) applications on this process. Results: Results showed that virus infections restricted seed germination, surviving and shoot growth.SNP and GA3 application promoted the germination rate in the virus free samples but in the infected samples the SNP and GA3 applications were little promoted the germination rates.The germination rate difference between virus free and infected samples was 11.46%, likewise that was 29.63% between the seedling regeneration rates, and that were 44.45%, 37.04%, 48.18%, 74.15% SNP 24h, SNP 48h, GA3 24h, GA3 48h, respectively. SNP and GA3 treatments were promoted shoot growth in the virus free samples, but that was decreased in the infected samples. The SPAD walues was greather in virus free samples but SNP application increased it in infected samples. Conclusions: GLRaV-1, 2, 3, GFLV, and GFkVinfections restricted seed germination, seedling regeneration and seedling growth. SNP and GA3 increased seedling development only virus free samples. As a result of the study, virus ifections are implicated in the control of seed germination, seedling regeneration and surviving of young plants. Significance of the study: Our results highlight that GLRaV-1, 2, 3, GFLV, and GFkVinfected grapevine clones cv Ekşi Kara seeds can germinate in controlled environment, but the woody shoot length was so litle (30 cm) these seedlings couldnot survining in natural environment. On the orher hand SNP and GA3 applications useful tool for seedling developlment from infected grapevines. Keywords - Grapevine, Vitis Vinifera L., Seed Germination, Surviving, Grapevine Leafroll Associated Virus (Glrav-1, 2, 3), Grapevine Fanleaf Virus (GFLV), And Grapevine Fleck Virus (Gfkv)
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