Viticulture & Enology

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El artículo analiza las diferentes labores agrarias que reciben las vides de una gran explotación dependiente del monasterio de El Puig entre 1671 y 1691 basándose en los libros de contabilidad. Se estudia también el proceso de elaboración del vino y aguardiente y el destino de la producción. La  explotación se caracteriza por un atento cuidado dentro
de una técnica tradicional, pero no excesivamente atrasada. El vino se vende en partidas importantes dentro del año agrícola, y únicamente si es malo o se acumulan excedentes se opta por destilarlo.

In het land van Campanië verenigen de wijnstokken zich met populieren, omhelzen die als echtgenoten en klimmen met opdringerige armen van tak naar tak in hun knoestige loop omhoog, tot ze de top bereiken en zo hoog zweven dat de druivenplukker wanneer hij het contract tekent meteen over zijn brandstapel en grafheuvel onderhandelt. (…) Rankdrager of met een andere naam 'opulus' noemen ze een boom in Italië boven de Po, waarvan de rondom wijd uitgroeiende rijen takken worden gevuld door de wijnstokken, die met oude kale stammen opklimmen tot aan de vertakking en daarvandaan onder de uitgestrekte armen van de boomtakken hun loten laten uitschieten. Ook kunnen ze, door staken gestut, rechtop staan tot de hoogte van een middelgrote man en zo een wijngaard vormen. Andere kruipen kriskras over de bodem, laten over alle lege ruimten hun uitlopers kronkelen en vullen elke voorhof die ertussen ligt op. Zo veel verschillende groeiwijzen laat alleen Italië al zien." Plinius, Naturalis Historia, 14.2.10-13

Registrazione Tribunale di Catanzaro N° 3 del 22/12/2020 © Globus-Tutti i diritti riservati. Manoscritti e foto originali, anche se non pubblicati, non si restituiscono ed è vietata la riproduzione, seppure parziale, di testi e fotografie. I titolari dei diritti fotografici sono stati ricercati con ogni mezzo. Nei casi in cui non è stato possibile reperirli, l'editore è a piena disposizione per l'assolvimento di quanto occorra nei loro confronti.

Berry size has always been a quality factor in wine production. In this study, Syrah grapes from a single vineyard were classified into different size groups according to diameter: small (< 13 mm), medium (13 < diameter < 14 mm) and large (> 14 mm). Smaller berries were present in the highest and larger berries in the lowest numbers. Size distributions were similar in both seasons (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). Berry physical characteristics (mass, volume and skin area) increased with size, showing the same tendency in both years. Positive correlations between berry mass, volume and skin area were found, whereas these variables were negatively related with berry number/kg grapes. Berry volume was negatively correlated with dry skin weight. Skin surface area/berry volume seems to be an indicator of the " dilution " effect associated with increasing size, as larger berries presented the lowest values. In 2012 the grapes were harvested at a higher soluble solid level than in the previous year; large-sized berries presented the lowest levels in both years. The whole-berry analysis of total anthocyanins showed a decrease in concentration and increase in content per berry, from smaller to larger berries. Small berries and the control (naturally occurring berry size mixture) showed a higher extractability of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds than the medium and large berries. Sensorially, wines from medium berries were more consistent over the two years, scoring higher than the rest. Berry sizes were related to wine style differences, and knowing the population of berry sizes in the vineyard close to harvest would offer a possibility to predict wine styles.

This work aims to analyze the productive reality and propose a panorama for the Brazilian organic wine production, from the perspective of producers, representatives of the sector, market and consumers, thus seeking to highlight the market perspectives and adequacy to the consumers' aspirations. This production that aims to meet a growing demand for sustainable products, which include organic, biodynamic and natural foods, combined with the growing Brazilian tendency to consume better quality wines. To prosecute this study, an exploratory research was developed, interviewing twenty consumers, one intermediary, one representative of the sector and four wineries. The data were analyzed crossing the information collected with these actors and bring out key contents. The results show that production is not aligned with consumer demand that it is still necessary to review the information made available to consumers, in addition to making it clearer, other values could be aggregated to those products or better communicated. On this way, it is possible to conclude that an intermediate product between organic and conventional, which has sustainable practices in its production could meet the current demand, so that in the future it can produce an organic product that corresponds to the consumer's demand.

The Creations of François Baco (1898-2011). Birth and Destiny of a French Direct Producer Hybrid Collection.

During the transition from the 19th to the 20th century, François Baco was schoolteacher in the village of Bélus (Landes, Southwest of France). Front of the difficulties the local viticulture knew, he acted by selecting a hybrid wine grape collection. It includes the famous Baco noir (Baco n°1 24-23) and the Maurice Baco 22 A - the only hybrid wine grape that is possible using within the framework of a French Denomination of Origin. This text is a study on the creation process of Baco’s wine grapes and on the destinies of these vines that were cultivated all over the world. The analysis of this peculiar case leads to think about the complexity of vitiviniculture actors’ motivations and about cultural constructions of the “good wine grape” and the “good wine”.

Este texto trata de una página singular de la historia de la viticultura mundial: el tiempo en el cual vides híbridas se crearon con fines de producir vino. Lo hace a partir del caso de un hibridador francés, François Baco. En la bisagra de los siglos XIX-XX, François Baco era maestro de escuela en el pueblo de Bélus (Landes, sudoeste de Francia). Frente a las dificultades que la viticultura local conocía, actuó seleccionando una colección de cepas híbridas productoras directas – dentro de las cuales la famosa Baco noir (Baco n°1 24-23) y la Maurice Baco 22 A, la única cepa híbrida cuyo cultivo es aceptado en el marco de una denominación de origen francesa. Este texto consiste en un estudio del proceso de creación de las cepas de Baco y de los destinos de estos híbridos que se cultivaron en todos los continentes. El estudio de este caso particular conduce a pensar en la complejidad de las motivaciones de los actores de la vitivinicultura y en las construcciones culturales de la “buena cepa”  y del “buen vino”.
Ampelografía – Híbridos Productores Directos – Baco

Ampelography – Direct Producer Hybrid – Baco

Una ficha diseñada para cata técnica y adaptada a cualquier nivel de catador, permitiendo ignorar u obviar los apartados, subapartados y descriptores demasiado complejos, difíciles de entender o incapaces de detectar por el catador.

Creada específicamente para Club de Cata de Vinos.

To cite this article : A. Catellani, « Vin nature et vin biologique : observations sur quelques aspects de la communication Œnologique », in : Lexia, Rivista di semiotica, n. 19-20 : « Cibo e identità culturale », 2015, pp. 465-477.

This paper presents a semiotic observation of discourses about “natural” and “organic” wine in Italy and France. The attention is focused on some manifestos and other programmatic discourses on the websites of some associations of wine producers, both natural and organic, and on some visual images. The result is a list of aspects of the discourses that “justify” and expose the motivation of these two kinds of wine production. Semiotics helps in identifying the rhetorical forms of these discourses. Tension towards an ideal and the definition of limits and thresholds coexist in these discourses. Natural wine’s associations present in different cases their choices in opposition to conventional and organic wine, proposing a tension towards and ideal of harmony with nature. Some organic wine associations seem to prefer a discourse based on the identification of rules and limits.

A nivel mundial, es reducido el número de personas que se han dado a conocer por sus amplios conocimientos y títulos en la industria vitivinícola. Desde enólogos, sumiller, viticultores, dueños de bodegas productoras de vinos, hasta periodistas, profesores y consumidores; todos ellos tienen en común la pasión por el arte de producir y consumir vino, y quienes han explotado más dicha ímpetu se han convertido en importantes críticos reconocidos internacionalmente. Catadores que han aportado conceptos, estilo e innovación a una de las culturas más antiguas en el mundo, la del vino. El presente ensayo dará a conocer a cuatro de estás personalidades, siendo ellos los más destacados en el mundo.

Wine is an integral part of life on the Croatian island of Hvar. Its significance is multivalent, from the importance of home production and consumption to its functions as a trade commodity and symbol of community and identity. Much of Hvar’s wine grapes are grown in the Stari Grad Plain, a UNESCO World Heritage-listed cultural landscape. Economic factors mean grape and wine production can be a precarious pursuit, and although wine retains a central cultural position many farmers on the Plain are abandoning agriculture in favour of tourism industries. To increase value of their product, grape and wine producers seek to tap into discourses of ‘heritage’ that are understood locally and shaped by globalised discourses of authenticity and quality. Wine producers have identified autochthonous grape varieties, particularly bogdanuša, as important elements in the promotion of Hvar wine. These grapes are able to simultaneously access multiple registers of value due to their uniqueness, perceived quality, heritage significance, emplaced ‘belonging’ on the island, and relationship to cultural practices and other important elements of cultural patrimony, and producers are optimistic about their role in the future success of the wine industry on Hvar.

Obiettivo del contributo qui presentato (estratto della Tesi di Specializzazione di chi scrive) è quello di contribuire a ricomporre e riunire la frammentata documentazione archeologica nel territorio dell’antica Contea di Mascali. Quest’ultima è un’entità para-statale nata nel XVI sec. che basò la sua ricchezza su un vasto territorio alle pendici orientali dell’Etna – compreso tra l’Alcantara, a Nord, e il torrente Fago, a Sud – che già i Calcidesi di Naxos avevano occupato in maniera stabile per lo sfruttamento agricolo. Per la pri-ma volta in questo contesto storico-geografico si è tentato di ovviare alla discontinuità nella documentazione mediante l’utilizzo di una piattaforma GIS attraverso la quale è stato possibile incrociare i dati provenienti, in particolare, dalla lettura delle fonti antiche, dalla raccolta di tutte le informazioni edite sul record archeo-logico, dalla consultazione della cartografia storica. In tal modo è stato possibile mappare completamente il contesto e ricostruire più facilmente ed esaustivamente questo paesaggio antico in un arco cronologico che va dall’Età del Bronzo al Medioevo giungendo fino all’età moderna e ai giorni nostri. In una dimensione di “archeologia pubblica” la carta qui presentata intende integrare i dati del passato con quelli del presente e del futuro e potrà essere utile non solo agli addetti ai lavori ma anche per le pubbliche amministrazioni e alla comunità territoriale.

Veu sobre l'escultor i viticultor català Josep Maria Barnadas i Mestres per al Diccionario Biográfico Español (DBE) de la Real Academia de la Historia (Madrid, RAH, 2009, vol. 7). Versió electrònica (DB-e) del mateix diccionari publicada en xarxa el 2018 i revisada i augmentada per l'autor.

En la presente Tesina, me sitúo en el marco teórico-conceptual de las corrientes de Pensamiento Ambiental Crítico (PAC), tomando herramientas interpretativas de la historia ambiental y la economía ecológica. Partiendo de allí, aplico sus herramientas generales para adentrarme en el esquema de permanente transferencia hacia el exterior del excedente producido en el territorio nacional, con su consecuente impacto sobre los recursos naturales. En este caso, me circunscribo a la provincia de Mendoza para centrar el abordaje en la principal actividad agroindustrial de este territorio: la vitivinicultura, a partir de la reestructuración productiva que verifica desde los ‟90; y en su recurso natural más importante: el agua.
En primera instancia, realizo un estudio histórico en clave ambiental de los procesos de apropiación y uso de los recursos naturales en el continente latinoamericano y Argentina, según los distintos modelos productivos dominantes en cada etapa. Ello me permite enmarcar el caso de la provincia de Mendoza, que abordo a continuación de lo anterior, reconstruyendo las particularidades de este territorio, en el que tomo como eje del relato a la actividad vitivinícola. Evalúo el proceso que lleva al modelo de vitivinicultura tradicional a instalarse como modelo productivo dominante durante el periodo secular que va desde fines del siglo XIX hasta fines del XX. Finalmente, analizo los cambios en la matriz productiva desde la década del ‟90 en adelante, considerando cómo afecta el nuevo modelo vitivinícola a la economía provincial y a la apropiación y manejo del agua.
Con este trabajo espero evidenciar la necesidad de nuevos criterios de manejo estatal del agua en Mendoza, en vista de los cambios ambientales que se encuentran en marcha y que nos imponen una administración cada vez más ecoeficiente del recurso.

This article is taken from a contribution to the website 'Bad Ancient'. It discusses the alcoholic content of ancient wines using ancient literature, archaeology, comparative modern vinicultural methods and new scientific studies on the sanitising properties of wine in water.
Ancient wine could not possibly be more alcoholic due to the inherent process of creating wines by natural methods and with wild yeasts. A range of other reasons are suggested for the practice of watering down wine, ranging from a combination of cultural tradition, fashionable taste and societal preference, sanitisation, and nutrition.
Original article here: https://www.badancient.com/claims/ancient-wine/

Recent archaeological discoveries as well as molecular and DNA investigations show that the earliest stages of vinicultural history and prehistory extends back into the Neolithic period and beyond. The first domesticators of the Eurasian wine and early winemakers must have marveled at the seemingly miraculous process of fermentation. From success to success, viniculture stretched out its tentacles and entwined itself with one culture after another (whether Egyptian, Iranian, Israelite or Greek) and laid the foundation for civilization itself. As medicine, social lubricant, mind-altering substance, and highly valued commodity, wine became the focus of religious cults, pharmacopoeias, cuisines, economies, and society.
The influence of wine in ancient Greece helped Greeks trade with neighbouring countries and regions. Many mannerisms and cultural aspects were associated with wine. The ancient Greeks pioneered new methods of viticulture and wine production that they shared with early winemaking communities in what are now France, Italy, Austria and Russia, as well as others, through trade and colonization.
Ancient Rome played a pivotal role in the history of wine, too. The rise of the Roman Empire saw both technological advances in and burgeoning awareness of winemaking. To ensure the steady supply of wine to Roman soldiers and colonists, viticulture and wine production spread to every part of the empire. Many of the techniques and principles first developed in ancient Roman times can be found in modern winemaking.
Since the 9th millenium B.C. viniculture had a significant history in Asia Minor. In this paper viniculture in Graeco-Roman Asia Minor will be examined in three geographic portions: western, southern and northern parts of Anatolian peninsula. A special attention will be given to the trade amphorae. At the end of the paper Armenian tradition of viniculture in Asia Minor is referred. The paper is in Turkish language.

Vino o acqua? L’impronta idrica di Viticoltura globale e irrigazione: un lusso insostenibile

KEY WORDS:
viticulture, climate change, water footprint, irrigation, dry-farming
viticoltura, i cambiamenti climatici, l'impronta idrica, irrigazione, asciutto-agricoltura


Abstract

Climatologists love wine. The vitis vinifera is the crop most susceptible to changes in climate. Its harvest conditions and migration patterns serve as models for future climate scenarios. It is interesting then, that this thirsty $300 billion international industry (Wine: Global Industry Almanac 2012 and Market Line 2013) and its water crisis has largely escaped notice in the water competition debate. With more erratic harvest conditions existing within increasing temperatures (weather vs climate), the majority of the world’s viticulturists are under threat from drought. Water use in viticulture is essential in every stage of the production process, but irrigation is the largest use, and with temperatures rising, so is the need for water (Mozell and Thack 2014). When vitis vinifera is grown outside its indigenous regions, irrigation is necessary. In the driest parts of Australia, for example, 99% of the water used in wine-making is for irrigation (Kilcline 2006). With climate change, now the grape’s native climates are having to resort to irrigation in order to salvage harvest yields.  This presents a problem: Irrigation is viticulture’s number one adaptation ally, whilst it is mitigation’s number one foe.
The world’s vineyards are being re-mapped (Hannah et al. 2012). That's not new; they have always been changing.  But the climatic changes were slower, permitting adaption. Today, we are witnessing an unparalleled rate of change. Coupled with the fact that never in the history of viticulture has the industry been so firmly and comprehensively entrenched in our economic and cultural identities. These changes will have varying effects on different wine regions that will depend on their ability to adapt: There is not a blanket solution. We do know that the relationship between temperature and wine quality is crucial in determining adaptation strategies. But most adaptation techniques, especially irrigation, negatively impacts a wine’s quality, its soil quality and hence, its specificity, the hallmark of its luxury status. Commercial, mass-produced wines will continue to adapt via technology: They are more impervious to a warming climate, as long as they can sustain the increasing water prices. But achieving resilience in fine wine viticulture will mean finding the options that will establish the balance between protecting low and healthy yields, but also protect quality.
    This paper briefly looks at the cultural perception of wine as an agricultural crop; the winemakers’ use of irrigation in viticulture; how irrigation systems vary and have evolved in order to adapt to climate change; and imagines a scenario where irrigating a luxury crop becomes unviable.

La responsabilidad social ha consistido en la elaboración de vino casero, con el fin de dar a conocer el procedimiento, los agentes que intervienen en este y los cuidados que se deben considerar para obtener un vino casero con buenas cualidades organolépticas.

A comprehensive study of faience grape clusters apparently used as architectural adornment specifically used in New Kingdom palaces.  The study presents all known excavated examples of these grape clusters before beginning an analysis of their symbolic value in ancient Egyptian art and society and how they might relate to ancient Egyptian concepts of kingship.

Published in the American Journal of Archaeology (2022) 126.3, available open access here: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/719697

The world of vinicultural archaeology has expanded exponentially over the past two decades, adding novel discoveries, methodologies, theories, and new archaeological evidence. Despite this, focused regional or site-specific approaches and syntheses dominate scholarship. This article provides an alternate, macroperspective via a comprehensive update and overview of the archaeological evidence for the entire Italian peninsula. When considered as a whole, the sheer quantity of evidence is simply a starting point for future research directions. New data from pre-Roman Italy might suggest localized indigenous winemaking experimentation, contrasting with traditionally dominant east–west colonial diffusionist models. Detailed cataloguing and interpretation of Roman wineries demonstrate that two dominant press types were present simultaneously. Along with these syntheses, previously unpublished evidence is analyzed for the first time, including conspicuous, lavish, and theatrical wine production at the Villa dei Quintili just outside Rome.

Los jesuitas establecieron una cadena de misiones en el norte de la Nueva España desde Baja California hasta los desiertos del noreste. La Misión de Santa María de las Parras en la Comarca Lagunera de Nueva Vizcaya era la más oriental de estas y ministraba a los Indios Laguneros, que como casi todos los grupos norteños carecían de agricultura, estratificación social, y asentamientos permanentes. Pero junto a estos laguneros caza-recolectores se establecieron colonos españoles y tlaxcaltecas que servirían de ejemplo civilizador. Junto con los misioneros ayudarían a introducir a los laguneros a la órbita cultural hispana mediante el establecimiento de pueblos y policía, la agricultura de milpa y el adoctrinamiento en la fe católica.
Al momento de su fundación en 1598 Parras prometía ser la más importante de las misiones norteñas de los jesuitas debido a la alta densidad de población indígena de la Comarca Lagunera. Pero una serie de epidemias que azotó a la región decimó la población lagunera, amenazando la existencia misma de la misión. Junto a este colapso demográfico se dio el surgimiento de la viticultura como la base económica de la región. Esta a su vez transformó completamente en una generación el perfil demográfico, el medio ambiente de la región, y las relaciones laborales entre los distintos actores. Parras pronto se convirtió en una de las comunidades no-mineras más ricas del septentrión novohispano, pero la competencia por tierras y agua entre misioneros e indios por un lado, y colonos españoles por otro (liderados por la más poderosa familia del septentrión, los De Urdiñola) hicieron que las autoridades civiles y eclesiásticas decretaran la secularización de la misión a menos de medio siglo de haber sido fundada, mas de un siglo antes del mismo proceso que se dio en otras partes de la frontera colonial.

The discovery of an agricultural press counterweight, during an archaeological reassessment of Region I.20 at Pompeii, alters previous hypotheses regarding the viticultural function of this insula. Traditional interpretations of quality, quantity and method must be adjusted. Furthermore, the type of counterweight found, a Semana (T55121) or Brun type 11, has implications not only for this insula and Pompeii, but also for the wider Italian peninsular. It illustrates a different method of mechanical pressing to that commonly found in Campania and is the first of this type to be found in southern Italy, which supports the theorised Greek colonial distribution of this technology. This brief study illuminates the need and the benefit of such archaeological reassessments, particularly in relation to ancient agricultural features.

El cultivo de la vid ha sido a lo largo de la historia un referente del sector agrario dentro la provincia de Málaga. Desde mediados del siglo XIX dicho sector comenzará a padecer una serie de reveses que tendrán fuertes repercusiones sociales y económicas en la provincia, todas ellas agravadas por la llegada de la filoxera y la destrucción de innumerables hectáreas de viñedo. La incompetencia política y la ausencia de medidas legislativas para retener la plaga no harán sino agravar la situación de precariedad, que desembocará en un clima de agitación y desigualdad social, así como en la búsqueda de nuevos horizontes productivos.

Australian Organic Agriculture - Prospects for Growth?
is the report of a unique research project that attempted to capture and articulate the motivations, understandings, approaches and practices of  people involved in organic farming. Organic agriculture
is in a period of rapid expansion around the world and is experiencing unprecedented interest in Australia. This growth in interest is a relatively recent phenomenon and there is no doubt that in the past organics have been ignored or marginalised. The place and status of organic agriculture in Australia is changing. Not so long ago organics was regularly portrayed as a fringe activity. It is now increasingly seen as a field of commercial opportunity. A coalescence of factors is thrusting organics from the fringe to a more prominent position driving considerable growth and interest in organics. Escalating global demand and the growing intensity of sustainability and health concerns, including the reactions to mad cow disease, genetic engineering and declining environmental health are fuelling the interest in alternative production systems around the world. To ensure high quality analysis it is important that we consult with those who have done things differently and who have pioneered different ways of doing agriculture or business. Funding from the RIRDC Organic Produce program has ensured that this project has been able to do this. The project was designed to let those involved in the industry identify their priorities for future R&D. Despite, or perhaps because of the limited support received from governments in the past, there is an active spirit of cooperation and an eagerness to learn in the organic industry. The success of the  project was a result of the intense and willing cooperation of hundreds of people who have contributed openly, communicated frankly and approached industry development with an ethic of open information exchange and self-reliance. This project was an important example of how R&D projects can work with the networks that exist in the organic sector. We have no doubt that there is much to be learnt from the practitioners of organic agriculture and that many opportunities exist for designing and refining farming systems that are “applied symbiosis”. We feel that this study has only begun to peel back the layers. While this project started out looking at agricultural practices used in organic production systems, it rapidly became apparent that agricultural systems are never simple because they involve people, their life choices and beliefs, and their relationships with the environment, with food and with the market. What began as fairly practical level investigations into agricultural practices and technologies rapidly evolved to question ethics, environmentalism, sustainability, health and social conscience. In short, all farming systems have  people at their centre. Research into these systems therefore must include a study of people. The project has identified the need for "scientific organics" as part of the search for ecologically sound agricultural systems. This will involve some fundamental changes to the way research is done and the way researchers and research institutions approach their role. They must increasingly look outside the current paradigms and status quo. Given the extraordinary rates of change in the late 20th century, it is difficult to pinpoint exactly which factors may confer the greatest competitive advantage. The future of Australia's rural industries must be built on on-going innovation. The sources and resources for innovation are diverse and at times hard to identify - large industries grow from small beginnings. They often arise from "left of field" - out of the mainstream. This is particularly the case in organics.

The history of growing vines in Bages goes back a long way , and while there have been spectacular booms , there have also been important slumps. All in all, the future implies a modernization which will break with a thousand year old tradition and the use of a new vocabulary which implicitly threatens the existing one ,associated with a way and vision of life. This way and vision of life is the basis and object of study of the thesis.
The results obtained can be extrapolated to a geographical area much larger than the area of D.O. Plain of Bages. For this reason , this dictionary would modestly like to be added to the Romanesque linguistic studies on the world of vines and wine, due to the fact that after having checked the lexical ,specific and general content of the bibliography,it can be seen that almost 25% of the lexis gathered does not appear in any of them.
Our basis is direct communication with people that still conserve traditional know-how that comes of several generations of experience. At the same time we mix this ancestral knowledge with that of various cultural sources, thus the ethnolinguistic converges with other disciplines.
The main defining characteristic of this dictionary is its multiple forms . In this sense, a small methodological contribution has been linked to the ethnolinguistic one ,especially in the use of new technology in this type of study, both for the method of collection ( use of voice recorder, video and digital photography) and also the graphic and especially audiovisual forms which allow a much higher degree of accuracy ( use of scanner, computer programmes of photography, sound and database ) .The fact that one is able to see a fixed or moving image and also listen to the voice of the interviewee live with the accuracy that modern digital means offer, allows us to grasp directly the range of the linguistic content , and especially , place it in time alongside the information found in a traditional dictionary ( entry, definition, etymology, synonyms, translation, phonetic transcription or sayings and proverbs ) . In this way, this project does not exhaust all the possibilities of study in itself : it is a collection of diverse material , classified according to specific criteria , but which can be viewed, checked, reclassified and studied from innumerable points of view.
We can not stress enough the importance and wealth of popular wisdom and collective memory . Nor should we forget the need to pass them on to future generations. Hence this study which tries to bring us closer to the culture of vines and wine (morphology of vine, types of vine and grapes, illnesses and plagues, vegetables and animals associated with vines, wines and derivatives) as well as the traditional country world in general (tools and machines, receptacles, jobs ,attire for animals , buildings, legal terms, measures, weather, beliefs and traditions )in a way which can be easily understood, and which avoids the pitfalls of academia. Thus, a kind of bridge has been built between scientific and popular knowledge with the intention of bringing them closer together and making them more accessible, especially to the younger generations by offering a register of the memory of these two hundred wise men and women from Bages, our godparents in age and experience, who one day from these pages will be able to speak to us again, guide us and remind us of who we are and where we are going.

Questa innovativa serie monografica nasce dalla volontà di promuovere sul territorio siciliano nuovi studi e ricerche che, superando la frammentazione che spesso ha contraddistinto lo spirito della ricerca archeologica in Sicilia, guidino verso un approccio globale e multidisciplinare al fenomeno storico ed archeologico di età classica e post-classica. Essa riflette anche il recente revival che sul tema del documento, del paesaggio e della cultura materiale si è avviato in questi ultimi anni. L'aggettivo "post-classico" non è inteso esclusivamente nel suo significato storiografico restrittivo ma serve, invece, per creare una congiunzione tra culture recenti spesso immeritatamente trascurate. L'obiettivo è chiaro: dar vita ad una piattaforma operativa che possa vedere finalmente dialogare, con un linguaggio comune improntato su metodologie di approccio nuove e stimolanti, specialisti di discipline diverse il cui contributo, specie in ricerche di ampio respiro come queste qui presentate, è sicuramente innegabile. L'elemento aggregante è quello delle metodologie di approccio all'argomento in virtù delle quali oggi si può cercare di analizzare e studiare uno specifico tema da angolazioni e punti di vista differenti, da competenze professionali diverse all'interno di un ampio contenitore cronologico che sia in grado di far valutare un territorio o un manufatto non nella specificità di uno o due secoli solamente ma, al contrario, all'interno di una sequenza cronologica di sei, sette o più secoli, l'unica in grado di far emergere dati coerenti con lo sviluppo storico complessivo cui i medesimi dati appartengono. Daniele Malfitana -Giuseppe CaCCiaGuerra arCheoloGia ClassiCa in siCilia e nel Mediterraneo didattiCa e riCerCa nell'esperienza Mista Cnr e università Il contributo delle giovani generazioni. Un triennio di ricerche e di tesi universitarie con la collaborazione di annarita di Mauro e Maria luisa sCrofani Catania 2014 © Tutti i diritti riservati. è vietata la riproduzione di testi ed illustrazioni senza il permesso scritto dell'Editore, dei Curatori, del Responsabile scientifico dei progetti e degli Autori. Ricerche di archeologia classica e post-classica, vol. II arCheoloGia ClassiCa in siCilia e nel Mediterraneo. didattiCa e riCerCa nell'esperienza Mista Cnr e università. Il contributo delle giovani generazioni. Un triennio di ricerche e di tesi universitarie 446 pp., ill. 17 x 24 cm. ISBN(13): 978-88-89375-12-9 I. Malfitana, Daniele <1967> II. Cacciaguerra, Giuseppe <1977>

Es objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar, bajo la idea de paisaje expresada anteriormente y tomando como hilo conductor el tramo norte la Ruta Nacional 40, desde la provincia de La Rioja hasta la provincia de Jujuy, una serie de aportes, traducidos en conceptos, definiciones y pautas de protección patrimonial para la recualificación del camino o la ruta del vino como generadora de un desarrollo territorial sustentable.

This book is devoted to the viticulture of two settlements, Antiochia ad Cragum and Delos, using results stemming from surface survey and excavation to assess their potential integration within the now well-known agricultural boom of the 5th-7th centuries AD. Interdisciplinary and ethnographic data supplements the main archaeological catalogue and provides a rounded understanding of production and use. The publication of an excavated viticultural vat in Rough Cilicia for the first time, along with the first complete discussion of the viticultural industry on Delos in Late Antiquity, underscores the significance of this book. The combined catalogue, analysis and discussion reinforce the noteworthy position viticulture held in Late Antiquity as an agricultural endeavour, socio-cultural and economic factor engrained within eastern Mediterranean settlements.

ABSTRACT DI TESI (Con piccole aggiunte e spunti) PERCORSO DI CANDIDATURA COLLINE DEL CONEGLIANO E VALDOBBIADENE DOCG
 
1. Le vicende della Candidatura nell'area Conegliano - Valdobbiadene,
2. Prospettive: criticità e scenari possibili o auspicabili,

1. LE VICENDE DELLA CANDIDATURA DELL’AREA CONEGLIANO - VALDOBBIADENE

Ogni Stato membro compila, ogni 5 anni, una Lista propositiva di Siti.Le domande di inserimento nella Lista propositiva devono essere inoltrate dalle Amministrazioni competenti per la gestione del sito. All’atto della richiesta di iscrizione, lo Stato membro invia al Centro del Patrimonio Mondiale il dossier di candidatura. Le Linee Guida forniscono tutte le indicazioni per la redazione del dossier, che deve essere esauriente e contenere tutta la documentazione e la cartografia necessarie. Il Centro effettua una prima verifica in merito alla completezza della documentazione ricevuta, richiedendo eventuali integrazioni. Se la documentazione inviata soddisfa i requisiti di completezza nei termini stabiliti, viene inoltrata agli Organi consultivi per la valutazione. La decisione finale sull'iscrizione spetta al Comitato del Patrimonio Mondiale.
Il Comitato può decidere di rimandare la decisione, richiedendo ulteriori informazioni, oppure rifiutare l’iscrizione.

Possiamo suddividere il processo in sei fasi:

Fase 1 – Inserimento del sito nella Propositive list Italiana,

Fase 2 – Definizione degli obiettivi e delle strategie generali,

Fase 3 – Progettazione del piano: i piani di azione Nel modello che qui si presenta è sembrato opportuno articolare il piano in differenti piani settoriali. Tale scelta deriva da considerazioni sia metodologiche sia operative,

Fase 4 - Attuazione e valutazione: la struttura organizzativa Il conseguimento di un‘intesa e di un coordinamento fra i soggetti responsabili a definire strategie e obiettivi,  PIANO DI GESTIONE elaborato per il sito proposto con particolare attenzione a estendere il suo campo d‘interesse anche alle ―buffer zone,

Fase 5 – Monitoraggio A completamento del processo di gestione si pone il sistema di monitoraggio che deve essere in condizione di valutare l‘effettiva realizzazione degli obiettivi programmati e delle ricadute, attese sul territorio, di tipo culturale, economico e sociale,

Fase 6 – Valutazione da parte dell’ICOMOS, che valuta il piano di gestione o il dossier di candidatura del sito, eventualmente indicando possibili strategie d’azione o percorsi che l’ente interessato deve seguire.

PRINCIPALE PERCORSO NORMATIVO

- 2009:
D.G.R. n. 3433 del 17/11/2009 – la Giunta Regionale avvia il processo di candidatura UNESCO del sito <<Le Colline del Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene>>;

- 2014:
Costituzione dell’Associazione Temporanea di Scopo (ATS) costituita tra Provincia di Treviso, Camera di Commercio, Consorzio Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG, Intesa Programmatica d’Area (IPA);

- 2016:
D.G.R. n. 561 del 26/4/2016 – approvazione schema di Protocollo d’Intesa tra la Regione del Veneto e i Comuni dell’area interessati dalla candidatura UNESCO; 
Incontri tecnici preliminari, definizione della norma in base agli obiettivi del Piano di Gestione della candidatura UNESCO;

- 2017:
Presa visione dell’ultimazione della prima bozza del testo normativo, recepimento delle osservazioni;

- 2018:
30 giugno/1 luglio – 42° assemblea UNESCO in Bahrein (esito negativo); 
10-14 settembre – sopralluogo ICOMOS;
Decreto n. 62 del 02/10/2018 e PDL n. 403 del 10/10/201;

- 2019:
Presa visione di modifica del Dossier secondo le specifiche dettate dall’ICOMOS; 
7 Luglio 2019 – 43° assemblea UNESCO a Baku (esito positivo).

Sintesi d’insieme degli interventi che sono stati via, via promossi.


L’azione a sostegno della candidatura da parte della Regione Veneto ha, da tempo, riconosciuto l'importanza strategica dell'esercizio associato da parte dei comuni per lo sviluppo della competitività territoriale anche attraverso la definizione di politiche di incentivazione per favorire la realizzazione di una "rete" interistituzionale quale passo decisivo per un federalismo funzionale promuovendo, in particolare, lo sviluppo delle unioni e delle convenzioni, nonché la fusione dei comuni.

2. PROSPETTIVE: CRITICITA’ E SCENARI POSSIBILI O AUSPICABILI

Cosa succede adesso?

Consorzio:
Si denota il tentativo di migliorare e gestire, sia a livello ambientale, che sanitario, il rapporto tra: coltivatori diretti del fondo, imprenditori e l’ambiente circostante, costruendo anche delle linee direttrici per una migliore concezione delle pratiche agricole.

Amministrazioni comunali:
Hanno sicuramente appoggiato l’entrata del territorio nella WHL, ed  il disciplinare unico risulta essere utile nella gestione del territorio a livello comunale. Tale documento ha sancito, in parte, delle regole comuni, a cui tutti gli agricoltori devono fare riferimento.

Comitati:
Hanno sicuramente aiutato il territorio a svilupparsi nei primi anni del boom del prosecco, grazie alle svariate campagne intraprese nei confronti dei prodotti fitosanitari per il settore vitivinicolo. Tuttavia penso che, in seguito alla candidatura, i Comitati dovrebbero indirizzare le loro proposte verso il place marking, allargando lo sguardo dagli agricoltori alle amministrazioni.

Regione Veneto:
La sua funzione, all’interno di questo contesto, risulta essere prevalentemente di supporto verso le amministrazioni comunali e il consorzio. A testimonianza di ciò, all’interno del sito web della regione veneto viene descritto come questa abbia, da tempo, riconosciuto l'importanza strategica dell’unione dei comuni per lo sviluppo di piani e normative intercomunali. Questo grazie anche alla definizione di politiche, e normative, che incentivano e favoriscono la realizzazione di una "rete agraria". La “fusione” dei 15 Comuni, appartenenti alla zona di produzione della DOCG, per quanto concerne la realizzazione di un protocollo intercomunale di polizia rurale, risulta esserne una chiara dimostrazione.

Che direzione prenderà il territorio?

Direzione:
- Normative dell’Unione Europea su ambiente e paesaggio,
- Legislazione nazionale e regionale in ambito di protezione del patrimonio paesaggistico,
- Regolamenti a tutela dell’ambiente a livello nazionale e regionale,
- Strumenti regionali che forniscano le basi per una migliore gestione dei piani a livello comunale e intercomunale, regolamenti di produzione e di tutela del prodotto.

In particolare, gli attuali strumenti di pianificazione a livello territoriale, nella loro struttura e nelle norme tecniche di attuazione, cercano di contribuire alla salvaguardia del patrimonio naturale e territoriale, cercando di porre delle precise limitazioni al fondo rurale e all’utilizzo di determinati prodotti fitosanitari, in modo tale da interagire e coordinare le azioni di tutti i portatori di interesse.

In altri contesti come hanno reagito  ai conflitti locali?

Paesaggi vitivinicoli:
- Langhe roero Monferrato;
- Saint – Emilion;
- Alto Duero; 
- Regione del vino Tokaj.
Da queste analisi abbiamo potuto osservare come ogni singola Regione, che avesse un paesaggio vitivinicolo, abbia utilizzato come base i criteri culturali e naturali III, IV e V. Tutti questi contesti hanno in comune: una particolare morfologia, un paesaggio non comune e un legame uomo – ambiente che ha  modellato e plasmato la coltivazione della vite senza danneggiare il paesaggio.

Scenari possibili:
1. Un maggiore confronto e coesione tra i 15 Comuni porterebbe ad un migliore controllo e sviluppo del territorio;
2. Promozione e spinta verso l’eliminazione totale dei fitofarmaci nelle pratiche agricole del sottore viticolo;
3. Intermediazione tra popolazione insediata e agricoltori relativa ai controlli in campo fitosanitario. 

Lo sviluppo futuro del territorio guarderà sicuramente alla sua conservazione. Il prodotto e il marketing avranno delle previsioni ben precise (si può fare riferimento a Butler, guardando all'economia circolare di un determinato patrimonio UNESCO), ed infine verrà ottimizzato un sistema di tutela efficace in modo tale da conservare non solo il territorio rurale, ma anche cercando di dettare delle buone pratiche relative alla distanza fondo-edificato. Mentre per quanto concerne il settore fitosanitario nell’ambito dello spazio viticolo esistente questo verrà sicuramente rafforzato (si possono osservare i costanti aggiornamenti al protocollo viticolo e al progetto di difesa e lotta integrata) sfruttando le linee guida europee in ambito alla RIS3 e la smart agrifood. Sicuramente dovrà migliorare il sistema di pianificazione e gestione da parte dei 15 Comuni, cercando di realizzare delle strategie efficaci di sviluppo e mantenimento del territorio.