UN Global Compact

Los días 10 y 11 de diciembre se ha ratificado en Marrakech el Pacto Mundial para una migración segura, ordenada y regular. Constituye el primer acuerdo global de la ONU sobre un enfoque común de la migración internacional en todas sus dimensiones. El pacto global no es legalmente vinculante. Se basa en los valores de la soberanía del estado, la responsabilidad compartida, la no discriminación y los derechos humanos, y reconoce que se necesita un enfoque cooperativo para optimizar los beneficios generales de la migración, al tiempo que
se abordan sus riesgos y desafíos para las personas y las comunidades en los países de origen, tránsito y destino. Lo vivido en estos últimos días en Marruecos, donde tuve la suerte de participar, refuerza una mirada sobre la realidad migratoria como una de las encrucijadas más importantes de nuestra historia contemporánea.

We survey the growing theoretical literature on the motives for and welfare effects of corporate greening. We show how both market and political forces are making environmental CSR profitable, and we also discuss morally-motivated or altruistic CSR. Welfare effects of CSR are subtle and situation-contingent, and there is no guarantee that CSR enhances social welfare. We identify numerous areas in which additional theoretical work is needed.

La participación del sector privado en la agenda del desarrollo es un tema que ha venido cobrando mayor interés en los últimos años. Con el inicio de los ODS en 2016, dicho interés se mantiene vigente y renovado, así el present trabajo analiza la participación del sector privado en la cooperación internacional e identifica tendencias de colaboración dentro de la Agenda 2030. El texto se plantea particularmente desde el caso mexicano, en el que se detecta la necesidad de documentar y anlaizar los avances en la materia.

We survey the growing theoretical literature on the motives for and welfare effects of corporate greening. We show how both market and political forces are making environmental CSR profitable, and we also discuss morally-motivated or altruistic CSR. Welfare effects of CSR are subtle and situation-contingent, and there is no guarantee that CSR enhances social welfare. We identify numerous areas in which additional theoretical work is needed.

We survey the growing theoretical literature on the motives for and welfare effects of corporate greening. We show how both market and political forces are making environmental CSR profitable, and we also discuss morally-motivated or altruistic CSR. Welfare effects of CSR are subtle and situation-contingent, and there is no guarantee that CSR enhances social welfare. We identify numerous areas in which additional theoretical work is needed.

En los últimos años, la Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU) ha impulsado el compromiso de compañías alrededor del mundo para que sus prácticas empresariales estén acordes con sus postulados básicos, es decir en consonancia con su misión como Organización Internacional (OI). No es gratuito pues que la Asamblea General y la Secretaría General hayan aunado esfuerzos por crear un marco a partir del cual se pueda, por un lado, legitimar esta causa dentro de Naciones Unidas y, por otro lado, buscar tener un monitoreo eficaz de las empresas que se adhieran a este marco. La exaltación de la Asamblea en varias ocasiones para propender por mejores relaciones entre la ONU y las empresas, consolidadas en los principios Ruggie aprobados el año pasado (Asamblea General, 2011), son muestra del primer punto. La creación de una iniciativa a escala internacional que adhiera empresas y les exija un monitoreo constante llamada Pacto Global es un ejemplo del segundo. Así las cosas, el presente escrito busca esclarecer dudas frente al carácter de los instrumentos jurídicos que existen en torno a la relación ONUEmpresas, enfocándonos especialmente si estos constituyen “soft law” y de qué manera. En esta tarea se estudiará, en primer lugar, la teoría de los poderes implícitos en relación a las posibilidades que tiene una organización internacional de dictar decisiones. En segundo lugar, los instrumentos de “soft law” como la forma por excelencia en que se expresan estos poderes para, finalmente, evaluar si los principios Ruggie y los informes de Pacto Global se adecúan a esta teoría.

In recent years, numerous so-called soft law regimes have been established, often in combination with effective international oversight and rigorous review procedures. This contribution considers the specific impact such regimes may have on small and very small States. Relying primarily on the experiences of Switzerland and Liechtenstein with GRECO and the OECD respectively, it is argued that international standardisation might not always sufficiently take into consideration the sometimes peculiar historical, political and institutional characteristics of small States; also, there is some risk that small States are exposed to particular scrutiny. Sentiments of unfair treatment may in turn lead to an increasingly negative attitude towards soft law in general, as illustrated by the unexpected parliamentary opposition to the U.N. Migration Compact both in Liechtenstein and Switzerland.

En la presente investigación se realiza un análisis de las alianzas multiactor en el marco de la Agenda 2030, atendiendo a su vinculación con la responsabilidad social empresaria y la cooperación internacional. Para ello, se investigan específicamente las alianzas multiactor establecidas en Colombia, entre empresas LEAD, las agencias de las Naciones Unidas, el gobierno de Colombia y otros actores de la sociedad civil, a partir de lo realizado por el Programa Alianzas Transformadoras del Pacto Global Colombia.
Las Naciones Unidas en los últimos años, han posicionado a la empresa como un actor cada vez más relevante de la cooperación internacional, a través de la configuración de alianzas estratégicas. Por su parte, a lo largo del siglo XX las empresas colombianas, han aportado al desarrollo y la sostenibilidad económica, social y ambiental del país, a través de diversas modalidades de responsabilidad social. En la actualidad, Colombia se distingue entre los países latinoamericanos, ya que sus empresas han logrado desarrollar prácticas corporativas creativas y constructivas, alcanzando los más altos estándares de sostenibilidad. En este trabajo, se analiza especialmente el significativo rol que asumió el sector privado colombiano, mediante la conformación de alianzas multiactor junto a las agencias de las Naciones Unidas, los organismos del Estado y otros actores de la sociedad civil.
La investigación demuestra que la cooperación internacional fortalece las estrategias de responsabilidad social empresaria a través de las alianzas multiactor que, en el marco del Pacto Global de Naciones Unidas, permiten alinear los objetivos corporativos con la Agenda 2030. Asimismo, a partir del estudio del Programa de Alianzas Transformadoras del Pacto Global Colombia se expone que las alianzas multiactor potencian las actividades de responsabilidad social conducentes a construir una paz inclusiva, y contribuir al logro de las metas y Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Agenda 2030.
Palabras clave: Alianzas multiactor; Responsabilidad Social Empresaria; Cooperación Internacional; Agenda 2030; Colombia; Pacto Global; Naciones Unidas

En este documento e analizan las tendencias migratorias de América del Sur en el contexto de distintos factores determinantes y según diversas fuentes de información. Se establecen los grandes patrones migratorios y algunas de sus especificidades, teniendo presente los cambios en las dinámicas migratorias. Se destaca que en los países de esta subregión la protección de los derechos de los migrantes constituye un horizonte normativo que adquiere vigencia y centralidad en la agenda política así como en la institucionalidad migratoria.

Con el propósito de contribuir con insumos sobre América Latina y El Caribe para el Pacto Mundial para una Migración Segura, Ordenada y Regular, en este documento se presenta un diagnóstico de la migración internacional en la subregión de México y Centroamérica. Se trata de una visión panorámica y, por tanto, no exhaustiva, de esta subregión como un todo, mediante la cual se resaltan aspectos y dinámicas migratorias relevantes, que contribuyen con elementos para entender la situación en materia migratoria y de derechos humanos. Con este fin, se describen los flujos y sus componentes con base en datos de diversas fuentes estadísticas; se analizan aspectos relacionados con la gobernanza de las migraciones, destacando las principales iniciativas y la participación de la sociedad civil; se abordan aspectos relacionados con temas prioritarios en el debate global sobre migración: derechos humanos de personas migrantes, factores que impulsan las migraciones, cooperación internacional, contribuciones de la migración al desarrollo especialmente los flujos de remesas y su papel en el financiamiento de los presupuestos familiares, trata de personas y tráfico ilícito de migrantes, y migración en situación irregular. Asimismo, se analizan algunas especificidades de problemáticas subregionales, en torno a instrumentos y políticas en torno a la gestión de la migración en esta subregión, la migración centroamericana en tránsito por México (focalizada en los casos de Guatemala, El Salvador y Honduras, por su mayor presencia en dicho flujo) y la migración de retorno (ilustrada con los casos de México y Honduras). Finalmente, se exponen algunas perspectivas y recomendaciones, resaltando la complejidad de los procesos migratorios en la región y los retos para la garantía y la efectiva protección de los derechos de las personas migrantes.
El presente documento ha recurrido tanto a fuentes primarias como secundarias para sistematizar y presentar un análisis descriptivo de perfiles de migrantes, así como de niveles y tendencias de la dinámica migratoria en la región. También se usaron fuentes documentales secundarias, destacando los informes de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil y especialistas en el tema, así como de algunos de los comités de seguimiento a acuerdos internacionales de carácter vinculante para los países signatarios.

Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on voluntary basis. An investigation of available international principles, guidelines and reporting initiatives in area of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) yielded a framework of broad definitions categorized under four dimensions i.e. operational, economic, environmental and social. A schedule developed for assessment of CSR for organizations was framed by the researchers. In the present study sample comprised of 100 companies that gave their consent for the participation. The sample had 2 primary 66 secondary,28 tertiary and 2 quaternary sector companies. Each organization was represented by a top official or his nominee in the present survey.CSR factors identified for studying environmental concerns of organizations were: i) biodiversity conservation; ii) air quality and noise pollution management; iii) energy and water management; and iv)environmental development. A preliminary analysis of the data revealed that lot of ground needs to be covered in the areas of environmental issues.

"The Report presents insights which illuminates the intertwinements of European regulatory policies and global governance arrangements. By pinning down the exact nature of the interaction between these two levels, the EU’s dilemma becomes obvious: On the one hand, stronger global governance can be a chance, through which the EU can clarify its own raison d’être of increased integration to the wider world. On the other hand, the design of the European project is being challenged by more assertive global structures. This is especially the case in relation to the WTO regime, which is constraining the decisional autonomy of the EU, regarding the appropriateness of its content and its external effects. Thus, the regulation of services in the EU and the WTO are discussed in the first section of this report. Section two focuses on labour standards, which are analysed from different angles in order to clarify the functions of the WTO and the ILO, multinational companies as well as other private actors within this specific field. The final section deals with the legitimacy problematic of transnational governance.

Table of contents:

Introduction
Christian Joerges and Poul F. Kjaer

Section One: Freedom of Services

Chapter 1
The Multiple Understandings of Conflict between Trade in
Services and Labour Protection
Alexia Herwig
Chapter 2
Competing in Markets, not Rules:
The Conflict over the Single Services Market
Susanne K. Schmidt
Chapter 3
Competitiveness and Labour Protection: A Comment
Markus Krajewski
Section Two: Labour Standards
Chapter 4
WTO and ILO: Can Social Responsibility be maintained
in International Trade?
Josef Falke
Chapter 5
Reframing RECON: Perspectives on Transnationalisation and
Post-national Democracy from Labour Law
Claire Methven O’Brien
Chapter 6
Transnational Governance and Human Rights: The Obligations of
Private Actors in the Global Context
Regina Kreide
Section Three: The Legitimacy of Transnational Governance
Chapter 7
Legitimacy through Precaution in European Regulation of GMOs?
From the Standpoint of Governance as Analytical Perspective
Maria Weimer
Chapter 8
The Justice Deficit of the EU and other International Organisations
Jürgen Neyer
Chapter 9
Towards Normative Legitimacy of the World Trade Order
Alexia Herwig and Thorsten Hüller
Chapter 10
From Utopia to Apology – The Return to Inter-state Justice
in Normative IR Scholarship: Comments on Neyer and
Herwig & Hüller
Jens Steffek"

On 19 September 2016, the UNGA adopted the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants through which States committed to developing two compacts: one on refugees and one on safe, orderly and regular migration. The Zero Drafts of the compacts were published on 31 January 2018 and 5 February 2018, respectively. The move towards the discussion and adoption of the global compacts comes in part in recognition of the unprecedented number of displaced persons (and human mobility more generally) around the globe and cynically in response to the number of would be asylum seekers that arrived on Europe's shores over the past three years. This paper seeks to engage with what the global compacts should seek to achieve in relation to smuggling and trafficking and whether there is room for cautious optimism in what might be achieved by the compacts in relation to the protection of smuggled migrants and trafficked persons. In so doing, it focuses on the potential of the compacts within the existing framework of the UN protocols against human smuggling and human trafficking. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Gauci, J-P. and Stoyanova, V. (2018) 'The human rights of smuggled migrants and trafficked persons in the UN global compacts on migrants and refugees', Int.

UN Global Compacts is a concise introduction to the key concepts, issues, and actors in global migration governance and presents a comprehensive analysis of the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, the Global Compact on Refugees, and the Global Compact for Migration.

The book places the declaration and compacts within their historical context, traces the evolution of global migration governance, and evaluates the implementation of the compacts. Ultimately, the global compacts were the result of three wider shifts in global governance from hard to soft law, from rights to aid, and from Cold War politics to nationalism. The book is an important contribution to international relations and migration studies and provides essential information on the NY declaration and the global compacts, in addition to an examination of the:
• Negotiating blocs and strategies
• Populist backlash to the Global Compact for Migration
• Responsibility sharing for refugee protection
• Human rights of migrants
• Principle of non-refoulement
• Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework
• UNHCR, IOM, and the UN Network on Migration

The book will be of interest to practitioners, students, and scholars of international cooperation, global governance, migrants, and refugees, and will be essential reading for graduate and undergraduate courses on international law, international organizations, and migration.

This working paper on the history of global migration governance has been written in the context of discussions on the Global Compact for Migration. The paper is aimed at a policy-making and diplomatic audience, and seeks to situate the current discussions within a historical context and enable the trajectory of the institutional architecture relating to migration governance to be better understood by all parties to the negotiations. It traces the evolution of migration institutions over the last 100 years and highlights key turning points that have enabled to pace of institutional developments to accelerate in recent years. It argues that one of the great challenges of global migration governance has been its fragmentation, and concludes with a series of recommendations about how policy-makers can manage fragmentation in a way that promotes international cooperation.

The MENA region has been dealing with waves of refugee crises for decades. Addressing urban and protracted refugee crises in the region contributed to triggering reflection on the global governance of refugee protection. The Global Compact on Refugees now sets out the parameters for stronger solidarity and responsibility-sharing, based on multi-stakeholder partnerships, inclusive and comprehensive solutions, and stronger emphasis on host community support and engagement as the new way forward.

Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) and a Refugee Law Initiative Research Affiliate. The views expressed in this blog post are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position of ECRE. The author would like to thank Mariette Grange for her helpful comments on an earlier version of this blog post. Any errors and conclusions remain the author's alone. This blog post forms part of a series of blog posts examining the implementation of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration.

This paper is the programmatic introduction to the VRÜ/WCL's special issue “A Global View on the Global Compact for Migration”, assessing the GCM from the perspective of different world regions and discussing the structural conditions for it to have an impact on migration policies. The special issue provides the floor for regionally diverse analyses of the reception of the GCM, its interplay with other human rights instruments as well as its impact on global governance structures.

Greening has become a powerful idea in corporate strategy. Firms engaged in greening often seek and cherish external validations such as being an active participant in UN’s Global Compact. This paper examines the investment performance of firms who were named in Newsweek's annual survey of most green companies. Results show that there is no direct relationship between a higher Newsweek Green Ranking and performance. However, firms after being named in the Newsweek survey had better return performance than in the year prior to being named although this difference in return was not statistically significant. The results are nonetheless important as it allows investors to separate good external validators of greening from those external validators who may have wide media recognition but are a perhaps a lagging indicator of greening.

Every minute, at least one woman dies from pregnancy and childbirth
complications; a further 20 suffer injury, infection or disease. Despite
medical advances, and years of national and international policy declarations,
this tragic situation remains particularly severe in developing
countries, violating a fundamental human right.
This book draws together insights and experiences of development
practitioners, policy-makers, academic experts and private sector partners
to describe the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). A public private
partnership based in India, the WHI took a new approach to solving the
apparently intractable problem of poor women’s health.
Informed by the growing literature on public private partnerships, the
observations and analyses in this volume describe how the WHI drew
reference from both the Millennium Development Goals and the United
Nations Global Compact to implement a project that would make a real
difference in women’s lives, simultaneous with meeting private sector
commercial imperatives.
By opening the project to independent transnational assessment, as it
is reported here, the WHI articulated new standards for best practice in
public private partnerships, including with reference to such issues as
communications, objective-setting, ongoing partnership management,
and real health outcomes. In line with the WHI’s ambition to grow and
become transferable to other contexts, these standards can inform and
shape more effective public private partnerships in the future.

On 5 February 2018 the UN Special Representative on Migration released the Zero Draft for a UN Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. This document will be the basis of the negotiations for a Global Compact which will be adopted in Marrakech in December 2018. In this Working Paper, 17 expert academics from Europe and North America who have been following the UN discussions on the Global Compact provide their commentary on the Zero Draft examining the positive and negative aspects of the Objectives and the necessary follow up.

Voluntary programs have emerged as important instruments of public policy. We explore whether
programs lacking monitoring and enforcement mechanisms can curb participants’ shirking with
program obligations. Incentive-based approaches to policy see monitoring and enforcement as essential
to curb shirking, while norm-based approaches view social mechanisms such as norms and learning
as sufficient to serve this purpose. The United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), a prominent
international voluntary program, encourages firms to adopt socially responsible policies. Its program
design, however, relies primarily on norms and learning to mitigate shirking. Using a panel of
roughly 3,000 U.S. firms from 2000 to 2010, and multiple approaches to address endogeneity and
selection issues, we examine the effects of Compact membership on members’ human rights and
environmental performance. We find that members fare worse than nonmembers on costly and fundamental
performance dimensions, while showing improvements only in more superficial dimensions.
Exploiting the lack of monitoring and enforcement, UNGC members are able to shirk: enjoying
goodwill benefits of program membership without making costly changes to their human rights and
environmental practices

En este artículo se examina en qué medida los principios de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) se hayan comprendidos en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. Se trata de una investigación de alcance descriptivo y de corte transversal, basado en datos cualitativos, en el que se estudia la juridificación de la RSE en Colombia, desde el análisis de los principios del Global Compact agrupados en cuatro áreas: derechos humanos, laborales, ambientales y lucha anticorrupción. Se concluye que las distintas facetas de la RSE se encuentran reguladas en mayor o menor medida en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano, lo cual evidencia que esta no es, al menos no en su totalidad, voluntaria y que la regulación en esta materia así como las iniciativas voluntarias son convenientes y necesarias, no se contraponen sino que por el contrario se complementan.

This paper addresses the sometimes confusing and seemingly unattainable standards set for corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the mining industry. It makes the point that the issue of human rights is the basis for all other topics that are the focus of CSR: labor, environment and anti-corruption; and that if human rights are made a reality within the context of CSR and mining, all other standards will be easier to attain. It proposes that the difficulty in the attainment of human rights enhancement and protection stems from a lack of basic understanding of what human rights actually are and that the solution is found in practical and basic education on the subject.

Responsible investment has always been in the focus since the evolution of the term ‘responsible business best practice’. The responsible initiatives always led to the all-favored results. To put clear light on the best business practices for responsible investing, the United Global Compact and UNEP Finance Initiative have issued the Principles for Responsible Investment. This study has tried to put light on the analytic relevance of the principles as well as proposed application thereof

In the last couple of years, more than 3.6 million Syrian refugees have been hosted under the "temporary protection" scheme in Turkey. Despite these high numbers Turkey did not have a centralized refugee settlement and integration policy. As a result, various stakeholders including local governments have played critical roles in providing refugee assistance services. This research looks at the role of local governments in delivering services evolving from emergency response to local integration. This article argues that this role with respect to the United Nations' Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) has to be further strengthened. The data for this research were collected through a comprehensive study based on interviews and surveys carried out in _ Istanbul with local authorities, _ Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, and its 39 district municipalities in 2016-2017. Although this research has its focus on _ Istanbul as the selected case study, the findings can reveal conclusions relevant to global implications and perspectives.

ECUADOR Resumen La RSE es un imperativo moral que obliga a las empresas a contribuir al bienestar de todos los stakeholders. Una manera de gestionar la RSE es conel Pacto Global (PG) que, con su modelo de gestión, permite a las mipymes adoptar principios en derechos humanos, estándares laborales, medioambiente y anticorrupción. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar cuántas mipymes han adoptado el PG y qué tipo de actividades están llevando a cabo. Los resultados indican que ninguna micro está adscrita al PG y que las actividades más comunes que reportan las pymes son talleres de capacitación y socialización sobre respeto a los derechoshumanos, eliminación del trabajo forzoso e infantil, protección al medioambiente, uso eficiente de recursos y energía e implementación de códigos de ética Palabras clave: Pacto Global, Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, Mipymes. Abstract CSR is a moral imperative that requires companies to contribute to the welfare of all stakeholders. One way to manage CSR is with the Global Compact (GC), which, with its management model allows MSMEs to adopt principles on human rights, labor standards, environment and anti-corruption. The aim of this article is to determine how many MSMEs have adopted he GC and what kind of activities are taking place. The results indicate that no microenterprise has committed to the GC. Among the SMEs that report activities, the most common actions are training workshops and socialization of: respect for human rights, elimination of forced and child labor, environmental protection, efficient use of resources and energy and implementation of codes of ethics.

The Global Compact is corporate citizenship and CSR initiative which encourages companies to behave in a socially responsible manner. Similar to the rest of the world, many Turkish organizations such as companies, SME’s, NGO’s and academic institutions announce their commitment to ten principles of the compact. This study examines the characteristics of the organizations according to specific criteria such as type, sector, engagement level, and so on. The study also analyzes the change in the number of participants and delisted organizations according to years. The study figures out that the number of participant organizations has been decreasing in recent years. Moreover, it also found that larger companies do not tend to be a member of the global compact. It is also concluded that Turkish organizations choose to be signatory rather than participants.

Esta guía fue diseñada para dar asistencia a los gobiernos locales y sus entidades públicas enla puesta en práctica del Pacto Mundial, específicamente en el establecimiento de programas y acciones hacia logros concretos, en torno a los Diez Principios y sus cuatro líneas temáticas.  Para ello, incluye tres experiencias a nivel municipal y la revisión de expertos internacionales, donde se tuvo la oportunidad de realizar ejercicios de campo sobre la aplicación del Pacto Mundial. Los
municipios participantes son Aguascalientes y Chihuahua, y el Instituto de los Trabajadores al Servicio del Estado de Zacatecas

Voluntary programs have emerged as important instruments of public policy. We explore whether programs lacking monitoring and enforcement mechanisms can curb participants' shirking with program obligations. Incentive-based approaches to policy see monitoring and enforcement as essential to curb shirking, while norm-based approaches view social mechanisms such as norms and learning as sufficient to serve this purpose. The United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), a prominent international voluntary program, encourages firms to adopt socially responsible policies. Its program design, however, relies primarily on norms and learning to mitigate shirking. Using a panel of roughly 3,000 U.S. firms from 2000 to 2010, and multiple approaches to address endogeneity and selection issues, we examine the effects of Compact membership on members' human rights and environmental performance. We find that members fare worse than nonmembers on costly and fundamental performance dimensions, while showing improvements only in more superficial dimensions. Exploiting the lack of monitoring and enforcement, UNGC members are able to shirk: enjoying goodwill benefits of program membership without making costly changes to their human rights and environmental practices.

In the last couple of years, more than 3.6 million Syrian refugees have been hosted under the "temporary protection" scheme in Turkey. Despite these high numbers Turkey did not have a centralized refugee settlement and integration policy. As a result, various stakeholders including local governments have played critical roles in providing refugee assistance services. This research looks at the role of local governments in delivering services evolving from emergency response to local integration. This article argues that this role with respect to the United Nations' Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) has to be further strengthened. The data for this research were collected through a comprehensive study based on interviews and surveys carried out in _ Istanbul with local authorities, _ Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, and its 39 district municipalities in 2016-2017. Although this research has its focus on _ Istanbul as the selected case study, the findings can reveal conclusions relevant to global implications and perspectives.

The movement " nothing about us without us " since the inception of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) continues to grow stronger and stronger with a bid to guarantee effective inclusion and participation of persons with disabilities in our societies as well as their socioeconomic empowerment. This paper seeks to contribute to this movement by examining the current Global Compact on Refugees, the New York Declaration with annexed Comprehensive Refugee Framework and the reiterated accentuated aim of achieving of the Sustainable Development Goals therein as potential frameworks for the realization of these inclusive and participatory objectives. The assumption postulated in the paper is that the CRRF and the Global Compact on Refugees, presents a colossal/unique opportunity to increase the momentum in the realization of rights of persons with disabilities.

Résumé:
Les acteurs engagés dans le processus de construction d’une norme transnationale dans le domaine de la responsabilité des entreprises (RSE) effectuent différentes formes de travail institutionnel afin de mener leur projet à terme. En mettant l’accent sur les processus et sur les acteurs, cette recherche compare la mise en œuvre de deux standards : le Pacte mondial (Global Compact) de l’onu et la norme iso 26000 de l’Organisation internationale de normalisation. L’analyse approfondit notre compréhension des liens entre les types de travail institutionnel et les différentes dimensions de la légitimité. Elle révèle les mécanismes de légitimation dans la construction initiale d’une norme RSE. Si le travail institutionnel est toujours d’une importance cruciale, il prend différentes formes selon les conditions propres à chaque initiative.

Abstract:
Actors involved in the construction of a transnational standard in the field of corporate responsibility (CSR) perform different types of institutional work in order to succeed with their project. This research focuses on processes and actors and compares the initiation of two standards: the un Global Compact and ISO 26000. Our research sheds light on the link between types of institutional work and dimensions of legitimacy. This fosters our understanding of legitimation mechanisms in the initial phase of a standardization project. Our analysis reveals that institutional work is paramount in the early construction of a standard and that it can take different forms depending on the specific circumstances of the cases in question.

Resumen:
Los actores implicados en el proceso de construcción de un estándar transnacional en el área de responsabilidad social empresaria (RSE) hacen diferentes tipos de trabajos institucionales a fin de realizar su proyecto. Poniendo el acento sobre el proceso y los actores, este trabajo compara el inicio de dos estándares: la Global Compact de la ONU y la norma ISO 26000 de la Organización internacional de normalización. EL análisis permite comprender los vínculos entre los tipos de trabajo institucional y las diversas dimensiones de la legitimidad, de modo de identificar los mecanismos de legitimación en la construcción de nuevos estándares de la RSE. Si bien el trabajo institucional es de una importancia crucial en los dos casos, toma formas distintas según las circunstancias particulares de cada iniciativa.