Corporate Social Responsability

Corporate Volunteering (CV) is a phenomenon that emerged in the second half of the 20th century and began to grow and globalize at the beginning of the 21st century. Th ere seems to be a consensus that the recent growth of Corporate Volunteering is related to the development and growing legitimacy of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Nevertheless, the theoretical discussion on how the two concepts
(Corporate Volunteering and Corporate Social Responsibility) are related is just beginning, while empirical
research on how this relationship operates in corporate practice is still incipient. Th is paper presents preliminary results of a research on this subject carried out in Uruguay in 2016. Th is is a statistical study
that analyses the relationship between the application of corporate volunteering activities and the incorporation of a CSR approach to the management of companies. Th e incorporation of both types of practices is measured by a self-assessment questionnaire that includes 81 indicators (using a Likert scale to assess them), which were designed based on ISO 26000 Guidance of Social Responsibility1. Th e questionnaire was administered to 96 companies, using a comparative analysis between those that practice Corporate Volunteering
and those which do not. Th e results obtained allow us to support the hypothesis that the application of Corporate Volunteering is positively associated with the incorporation of CSR when managing the
relationship between the company and its employees and also with the community. Moreover, these results contribute to a better understanding on how both concepts are related.

Dans un contexte général d'une demande sociétale d'éthique, d'appel à la responsabilité sociale des entreprises et face aux attaques (dopage, violences, corruption…) que connaît aujourd'hui le mythe de l'éthique sportive, comment les organisations présentes dans le secteur du sport adaptentelles leurs stratégies marketing ? Cet article propose une typologie des enjeux stratégiques de l'instrumentalisation de l'éthique sportive selon quatre types d'organisations. A partir de ce cadre conceptuel, de nouvelles pratiques de marketing autour de l'éthique sportive sont mises en évidence (stratégies de légitimation autour de nouveaux acteurs de régulation et d'une production déontologique croissante ; formes d'investissements plus responsables : sponsoring citoyen, émergence du mécénat sportif ; nouveaux outils de contrôle…). Elles témoignent de nouvelles formes d'exploitation des valeurs du sport et d'une rationalisation des investissements. Mots clés : Ethique-Marketing associatif-Responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise-Sport-Sponsoring citoyen Summary : In light of the growing social pressure for increased attention to ethics, the call for a higher degree of corporate social responsibility and the recent scandals calling into question the quality of sports ethics (doping, violence, corruption, etc.), it is pertinent to explore the question of whether and how organizations in this sector are adapting their marketing strategies. This article presents a typology of the strategic stakes related to the integration of sports ethics in four types of organizations. Using this conceptual framework, a number of new marketing practices involving sports ethics are highlighted: credibility strategies involving new regulation actors, growing deontological production and increasingly responsible investments (citizenship sponsoring, corporate sports sponsorship, new control tools, etc.). These practices provide examples of new ways of incorporating sports values and rationalizing investments.

Human right to water has arguably become a flashpoint issue for debates over the social dimensions of globalization. The social dimension of a globalization is a current and main challenge to ensure that globalization and global governance become a positive force incorporating inclusiveness, accountability and participation with shared responsibilities. In this context, this paper argues that a lack of the social dimension in a process of globalization means a crisis in global governance.

En este artículo se analiza la figura del programa de cumplimiento empresarial o compliance como herramienta para prevenir la corrupción en el ámbito de la contratación pública. En primer término, se revisa la irrupción y el encaje de la figura en el ámbito del Derecho público a partir de su incorporación a los ordenamientos estadounidense y europeo. En segundo término, se analiza su implantación y evolución en distintas legislaciones latinoamericanas, prestando especial atención a los sistemas de contratación pública en los que goza de mayor desarrollo, como el brasileño y el colombiano.

While we tend to think of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as something that is driven by company strategy, in Ecuador a diff erent dynamic has emerged in which the company and the community are engaged in a collaborative model of social impact creation. The case of Holcim Ecuador contributes to our understanding about CSR models using participatory approaches and CSR resulting in public policy change. Holcim Ecuador's Foundation uses Participatory Action Committees, which are working groups that include representatives of Holcim and community stakeholders where the company operates. The committees are intended not only to foster community consultation, but also provide a space for joint deliberation and shared dialogue which has resulted in the co-designing and co-implementing of corporate-community projects. The experience of Holcim Ecuador is a case in favor of a more inclusive, participatory approach to CSR.

Paru in Chatel, V., Soulet, M.-H., 2002, Faire face et s'en sortir, Fribourg, Editions Universitaires, vol.2, 107-114 Dans leurs efforts pour aider les personnes à se réinsérer, les travailleurs sociaux 2 se sont lancés depuis quelques années dans des entreprises de reconstitution des compétences individuelles, à même de permettre à chacun de tenir son rôle et de participer " normalement " à la société. Dans cette perspective, nommée par certains " nouveau social " pour l'opposer au travail social dit " classique " 3 , il s'agit soit de rendre leur "autonomie" à certaines personnes soit encore de la leur faire acquérir, en particulier par le recours à la contractualisation de la relation d'assistance. Cet effort s'inscrit de manière plus générale dans le passage d'une politique sociale fondée sur la distribution d'indemnités, attribuées en fonction de catégories universelles et abstraites d'ayants droit, à une politique sociale organisée à un niveau local et soucieuse de la singularité de chaque relation d'assistance. 4 LA DIGNITE DE L'INDIVIDU On peut estimer qu'une telle politique est proprement sociale dans la mesure où elle produit des effets de justice sociale. Faire accéder les personnes à certain degré d'autonomie et de responsabilité leur permet en effet de retrouver une certaine dignité. La dignité dont il est question est celle accompagnant la personne humaine, reconnue comme dotée d'une capacité d'initiative, c'est-à-dire capable de manifester une volonté, de faire des choix qu'il convient de 1 Cet article a bénéficié largement du travail effectué dans le cadre du séminaire "politique de proche" animé par Laurent Thévenot depuis trois ans. Je tiens à remercier plus particulièrement Marc Breviglieri et Joan Stavo-Debauge pour leurs commentaires et conseils concernant ce texte, ainsi que pour le travail commun que nous effectuons sur ces thématiques. Un ouvrage collectif est en voie de préparation, il devrait comporter une version plus détaillée de cet article 2 Nous employons le masculin pour parler des "travailleurs sociaux" par commodité stylistique tout en rendant attentif qu'une partie des personnes rencontrées sont des femmes. 3 DONZELOT J, JAILLET, M.-C., "Europe, Etats-Unis : convergences et divergences des politiques d'insertion", in Esprit, vol.11, novembre 2000. 4 DONZELOT J, JAILLET, M.-C., idem.

Purpose – This article examines how responsibility and strategy can and should be connected in a business organization. Design/methodology/approach – The article offers a review of the field by mapping previous studies according to their strategy and responsibility orientations and, consequently, identifies the classic perspective, as well as the major deficiencies and prevailing research gaps in the literature. Findings – The article contributes to the field of strategic corporate responsibility by reframing the field with a contender perspective that challenges the classic view of strategy and responsibility amalgamation. Together, the classic and the contender perspectives are synthesized to form an integrative perspective that is more holistic than those currently available. Originality/value – The article ends by calling for a reimagining of the relationship between corporate responsibility and strategy to find promising future research avenues and effective business practices suitable to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century.

En este trabajo se analizan dos vías diferentes de generar contribución a la sociedad
o al medioambiente que desarrollan las empresas: la responsabilidad social empresarial
y la empresa social. Se trata de examinar sus principales caracteres y sus diferencias
y observar cómo encajan unas y otras con nuestro sistema jurídico basado sobre
una economía de mercado. Al efecto, se destacan algunos problemas con que pueden
toparse estas iniciativas empresariales y considerar las posibles soluciones.

The paper addresses two different ways developed by enterprises to generate society or
social or environmental giving: corporate social responsibility and social business. It is
aimed to analyse their key features and contrast them. The article seeks to monitor how
they fit with our market economy legal system. In this regard, certain problems have
been identified considering possible solutions.

La responsabilité sociétale des organisations renferme deux réalités complémentaires. Pour la société, c'est l'adhésion de toute organisation à l'effort national de développement durable. Pour l'organisation, c'est l'expression de la recherche d'une performance globale grâce au retour sur investissement particulièrement dans l'économique, le social et l'environnemental. L'ISO 26000 a pour objectif fondamental de concevoir et instaurer, mondialement et collectivement, un nouveau modèle de développement socio-économiquement durable Dans notre communication, nous essayerons au même temps d'approcher les différentes représentations de la RSO et d'apporter des éclairages empiriques sur l'adoption et la mise en oeuvre de celle-ci par les organisations marocaines en relation avec le guide de l'ISO26000. Certes, les organisations certifiées par des normes de management (ISO 9000) ou environnementales (14000) ou sociales (OHSAS 18001 ou SA8000), etc. appliquent sans doute l'ISO26000 partiellement; mais notre analyse exploratoire montre que celles qui sont les plus proches de ce référentiel et qui sont une minorité (82 organisations) sont celles qui ont adhéré au label RSE-CGEM ou au Global Compact-UN. Aussi, à partir d'une enquête exploratoire, le benchmarking que nous avons fait entre 5 entreprises labélisées RSE-CGEM et 8 organisations non labélisés d'un échantillon témoin montre que certaines pratiques RSO exigent l'engagement dans cette démarche. Malgré ceci certaines pratiques RSO apparaissent chez quelques organisations qui ne sont pas explicitement engagées dans une démarche RSO.

Stakeholder paradigm has been gaining currency over the past few decades and technological breakthroughs have been influential in building its momentum. Hyper-Transparency is emerging as a building block and as an indispensable concomitant of stakeholder paradigm. The crux of a Hyper-Transparent organization is trust. The new paradigm requires substituting translucent and opaque business practices with fully transparent ones under which lasting trust can be built between the organization and its stakeholders. However, the nub of the stakeholder paradigm is the changes inside the organizations as well as changes in relation to their external environment, and transparency is both a driver and a resultant of these changes. Transparency is an integral part of corporate social responsibility debate and an eristic issue for the stakeholders. Moreover, Hyper-Transparency empowers the stakeholders to considerably influence the decision making sphere. In this chapter, transparency, its drivers and tools as well as the power of stakeholders in the new age of Hyper Transparency alongside a number of case studies are presented.

Institutional investors are becoming ever more aware of the potential risks and opportunities associated with environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors. From natural resource scarcity to changing governance standards, from supply chain and labor management concerns to evolving regulatory landscapes, it has become increasingly important for socially responsible investment (SRI) professionals to understand the ESG profile behind the assets they are managing. Hence, the access to relevant, consistent, comparable, balanced and reliable ESG information has become a prerequisite for asset managers to take the right investment decisions.

The financial services market has responded to this need by producing specific ESG ratings, rankings and indices. These services serve asset managers of SRI portfolios with the analytical information they would need to assess the ESG performance, risks, and opportunities of assets-under-management (AUM).

The objective of this research paper is to examine the relevance of ESG ratings for SRI decisions from a market perspective and to identify the dynamics that affect the development of the ESG ratings industry in the future.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a buzzword worldwide. In today's globalized world, one of the great challenges faced by firms is integration of CSR in business. Stakeholders require a lot more from companies than merely pursuing growth and profitability. CSR has come a long way in India and other emerging markets. From responsive activities to sustainable initiatives, corporates have clearly exhibited their ability to make a significant difference in the society and improve the overall quality of life. This paper focuses on the concept of CSR, its dimensions and relevance in emerging markets with special reference to India.

¿Recuerdas que, cuando éramos muchachos, en los cursos de Oxford, te recomendé El Señor de los Anillos? Bien, lo es, Mordor: busca en la Tercera Parte. Hay un pasaje que habla de " ríos de roca derretida que se abren paso… hasta que se congelan y yacen como siluetas de dragones retorcidos vomitados por la tierra atormentada ". Es una descripción perfecta: ¿cómo lo pudo saber Tolkien, un cuarto de siglo antes que nadie viera una fotografía de lo? Podríamos hablar de la Naturaleza imitando al Arte.
Arthur C. Clarke, 2010 Odisea dos.

Para aprehender el mundo necesitamos palabras, frases, pensamientos, historias, en otras palabras necesitamos de literatura. Para comprender el territorio, como espacio de la razón, la emoción y como creación, todas las artes son y pueden formar parte integrante del proceso de conocimiento geográfico. En ese sentido, las artes pueden ser defendidas como expresión territorial, que responden tanto a los preceptos de una geografía regional como de una geografía cultural, aun cuando ambas posean una tradición diferente, a veces conflictiva e incluso pareciera que irreconciliables en algunos puntos.

Corporate

social

responsibility

implies a proactive role by the political parties, civil society organisations and academic institutionstowards reforming the legal and administrative procedures of land acquisition in a democratic country. Under this framework, we would describe the case of land acquisition in the state of West Bengal in anethnographic manner by using a number of data sources ranging  from the field to archives. The case study presented in this article followed an extended case approach in which is attempted a rounded description of the process of acquiring land and its legal and administrative shortcomings. The study reveals the hurdles in the wayof corporate social responsibility.

"The Report presents insights which illuminates the intertwinements of European regulatory policies and global governance arrangements. By pinning down the exact nature of the interaction between these two levels, the EU’s dilemma becomes obvious: On the one hand, stronger global governance can be a chance, through which the EU can clarify its own raison d’être of increased integration to the wider world. On the other hand, the design of the European project is being challenged by more assertive global structures. This is especially the case in relation to the WTO regime, which is constraining the decisional autonomy of the EU, regarding the appropriateness of its content and its external effects. Thus, the regulation of services in the EU and the WTO are discussed in the first section of this report. Section two focuses on labour standards, which are analysed from different angles in order to clarify the functions of the WTO and the ILO, multinational companies as well as other private actors within this specific field. The final section deals with the legitimacy problematic of transnational governance.

Table of contents:

Introduction
Christian Joerges and Poul F. Kjaer

Section One: Freedom of Services

Chapter 1
The Multiple Understandings of Conflict between Trade in
Services and Labour Protection
Alexia Herwig
Chapter 2
Competing in Markets, not Rules:
The Conflict over the Single Services Market
Susanne K. Schmidt
Chapter 3
Competitiveness and Labour Protection: A Comment
Markus Krajewski
Section Two: Labour Standards
Chapter 4
WTO and ILO: Can Social Responsibility be maintained
in International Trade?
Josef Falke
Chapter 5
Reframing RECON: Perspectives on Transnationalisation and
Post-national Democracy from Labour Law
Claire Methven O’Brien
Chapter 6
Transnational Governance and Human Rights: The Obligations of
Private Actors in the Global Context
Regina Kreide
Section Three: The Legitimacy of Transnational Governance
Chapter 7
Legitimacy through Precaution in European Regulation of GMOs?
From the Standpoint of Governance as Analytical Perspective
Maria Weimer
Chapter 8
The Justice Deficit of the EU and other International Organisations
Jürgen Neyer
Chapter 9
Towards Normative Legitimacy of the World Trade Order
Alexia Herwig and Thorsten Hüller
Chapter 10
From Utopia to Apology – The Return to Inter-state Justice
in Normative IR Scholarship: Comments on Neyer and
Herwig & Hüller
Jens Steffek"

La significación de responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) o empresa socialmente responsable (RSE) ha pasado de ser un concepto abstracto y mal entendido, a ser un apellido que otorga prestigio a las empresas que deciden adoptarlo. Las empresas han adoptado y adaptado esta concepción con el objetivo de seguir lucrándose con sus actividades empresariales, pero poseyendo un argumento perfecto para venderse ante una sociedad cada vez mejor educada en temas sociales y medioambientales: ser socialmente responsable o, lo que es lo mismo, buena con el entorno más próximo que le rodea y en el que crece.

Se puede afirmar que una empresa es socialmente responsable cuando su modelo de actuación promueve el desarrollo de prácticas transparentes en el foro interno y externo de la empresa, marco de actuación que no solo se limita al área de confort de la organización sino a un saber hacer ético. Los códigos éticos y corporativos deben ser accesibles y comunicados correctamente ante todos los públicos de una empresa.



El objetivo de este estudio se centra en analizar la relación existente entre la Ética y la RSC, ya que ambas deben ser inseparables en la construcción del eje transversal que recorre la estrategia organizacional. Se desarrolla una metodología de tipo cualitativo, justificado por el enfoque conceptual-teórico desde el punto de vista social, cultural y económico del tema objeto de estudio.

Resumo: O estudo tem o intuito de identificar as principais práticas de gestão e responsabilidade socioambiental voltadas para a promoção da sustentabilidade no setor hoteleiro da cidade de Vilhena/RO. Por meio de questionário, conjugado com entrevista informal e simples conversação, verificou-se que a prática ambiental identificada com maior número de respostas negativas está relacionada ao tratamento dos resíduos sólidos. Nenhum hotel possui conhecimento nem ações sobre logística reversa, somente dois adotam ações de educação ambiental e apenas um faz o reuso da água. A economia no consumo de energia destacou-se como sendo a prática socioambiental mais comum. Para os gerentes, há dificuldades a serem enfrentadas para implementar ações sustentáveis de gestão ambiental como a falta da mão de obra qualificada. Notou-se que as empresas estão em um estágio inicial em relação ao conhecimento da legislação e ao desenvolvimento de ações de economia dos recursos naturais.

Sabemos que a atividade de uma organização, qualquer que ela seja, nos setores público, privado ou social, com ou sem fins lucrativos, decorre num espaço que está muito para além dos colaboradores que tem, das instalações que ocupa, dos clientes que capta, dos fornecedores que possui ou, até, daqueles que, não estando incluídos em nenhuma destas categorias, conhecem a organização e observam e avaliam o seu desempenho.

Socially responsible investment (SRI) has experienced strong growth in recent years. In 2012, $1 out of every $9 US assets under professional management was invested in some form of sustainable investment. 1 Global sustainable investment assets have expanded dramatically, rising from $13.3 trillion at the outset of 2012 to reach a total of $21.4 trillion at the start of 2014. Most of the SRI assets are in Europe (63.7 percent), but the relative contribution of the United States has increased from 28.2 percent in 2012 to 30.8 percent in 2014, and over this two-year period, the fastest growing region has been the United States, followed by Canada and Europe. These three regions are also the largest regions in terms of assets, accounting for 99 percent of global SRI. 2 With this growth one most important issues is whether it pays for organizations to concern themselves with social responsibility, and whether there are any tradeoffs to sustainable investing. Much of the present research on this question is based on the views of Friedman and Freeman. But changes in economic development, national and local security, and the growing expectations

In the literature, discussions about who is responsible for corporate social responsibility activities are generally divided into two. The basic view that argues that such activities are the responsibility of states or individuals points to the classical approach. Accordingly, CSR conflicts with the interests of the organization. Over time, this perspective has been enlarged and the CSR has become a subject that the whole stakeholder group should contribute. Thus, there has been a transition from a classical approach to a modern approach. The aim of this study is to reveal what perspective the airline organisations in Turkey have. Qualitative research method was used in the study. In this context, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 managers from 7 airline organizations on corporate social responsibility. As a result of inductive analysis of interview data, 2 main themes, 5 categories and 3 sub-categories were reached. As a result of the study, it was found that 6 out of 7 airlines adopt modern approach and 1 adopt classical approach. According to organizations with a modern approach, everyone should contribute to CSR and organizations should carry out CSR in line with their own goals. In addition, it was found that CSR does not contradict the interests of the organization, on the contrary it has positive results for the organization.

The 'conflicts law approach' reconstructs the potential of primarily, but not exclusively, European law to address the threat to democracy that is posed by the concern that citizens would increasingly be subject to the effects of laws which they themselves had not authored. This structural democratic deficit calls for consideration of 'foreign' demands. It also calls for cooperation and mutual respect between political constituencies. The normative basis for understanding conflicts law as a constitutional form with democratically grounded validity claims stems from the proposition that states must acknowledge or establish a law that provides a forum for foreign demands and manifests deference through transnational rules. The approach sets out to examine three types of conflict constellations—horizontal, vertical and diagonal legal conflicts—and three types of law-mediated responses, layered as the scheme of a 'three-dimensional conflicts law'.

Departing from systems theory, Marc Amstutz has developed a refined theory of world law. In the course of developing this theory he has, however, reformulated or changed the status of a number of central system theoretical concepts, including the concepts of (co-)evolution, interpenetration and function. At first glance, these changes appear to be relatively inconsequential but at second glance they amount to a radical reformulation of systems theory because the focus is systematically shifted away from system internal processes and towards inter-systemic processes. Although Amstutz departs from a legal perspective, his theory is in fact projecting a mirror image of the wider society. Amstutz has, in other words, not just developed a theory of world law, but rather a central contribution to a novel inter-systemic theory of society as such.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore changes in corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies in food, soft drinks and packaging industries to capture changes in CSR implementation given increased environmental activism. The paper takes an exploratory approach in reviewing CSR policy changes to explore to what extent companies change CSR policies with increased environmentalism. Design/methodology/approach A comparative website analysis was used to analyse CSR policies of companies in the food, soft drinks and packaging industries in the UK. The companies were selected for the analysis based on their annual turnover and 23 companies were analysed (seven for the soft drinks industry, eight for the food industry and eight for packaging industry). Five interviews were conducted with packaging and retail professionals, and the findings were analysed by using thematic analysis, which captured trends in responses. Findings The findings show that companies are implementing and ...

Cet article s'intéresse à la philanthropie corporative comme stratégie indépendante de la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise (RSE). Nous la voyons comme un domaine d'action permettant aux corporations d'acquérir de la légitimité auprès de ses parties prenantes. Le présent texte apporte de nombreux éclairages conceptuels au phénomène de la philanthropie corporative, laquelle fait référence à la contribution volontaire de ressources corporatives privées à des objectifs d'intérêt public (Gautier et Pache, 2015). Selon les données statistiques d'organisations comme Charity Navigator, aux États-Unis, les dons corporatifs ont expérimenté une croissance de 8% en 2017 et représentent 20.77 milliards de dollars américains (Charity Navigator, 2019).

Sponsors increasingly shift from large professional to community-based properties, as these can deliver an engaged audience and enable sponsors to demonstrate their corporate social responsibility (CSR). This research comprises two studies and shows that communitybased sponsorship may improve CSR image and, in turn, self-congruity, a key determinant of consumer behavior. Study one investigates perceived sponsor-club fit, confirming attitude and corporate positioning similarity as relevant predictors. Importantly, CSR image similarity does not impact fit, suggesting sponsorship opportunities for organizations independent of their initial CSR image. Study two shows perceived sponsor CSR image to mediate the relationship between the perceptions of a community-based property's CSR image and consumers' self-congruity with the sponsor. While perceived sponsor-club fit and sponsorship awareness moderate the relationship between property and sponsor CSR image, attitudes toward CSR moderate the association between sponsor CSR and self-congruity. The paper concludes with implications and future research directions.

This chapter analyses the change in the informal trafficking of standard consumer goods between Israel and the West Bank since summer 2007, when Palestinian Authority’s security forces were redeployed under the supervision of General Dayton. Based on an examination of the trafficking and the strategies developed by the traffickers, the Palestinian Authority’s capacity to territorialise its control in Palestinian enclaves will first be assessed. Changes in the nature of these transactions will then be studied to identify the new forms of regulation that are emerging between the Israeli and Palestinian economies, over and above formal exchanges.

Post Globalization Indian companies started making CSR a part of their Business strategy rather than merely restricting it to charity or philanthropy. The most significant breakthrough in CSR took place in 2013 with the introduction of idea of "mandatory CSR". With an enormous increase in the scope of CSR, the companies are struggling to align their organizational objectives with CSR goals. The companies are focusing on Stakeholder engagement, identifying implementation partners, capacity building, and effective project implementation. What is amiss is impetus on monitoring and evaluation of CSR activities. A number of CSR rating agencies have come up with their own indices, but they lack in adequate transparency on evaluation criteria and methodology. There is also inter-agency divergence with respect to company"s evaluation and ranking. This paper proposes a comprehensive and realistic framework which can be implemented in the Indian context for evaluating the CSR activities.