Translation of Islamic Religious Texts

ترجمه به عنوان یکی از پدیده¬های چندوجهی و پیچیده انسانی، در طول تاریخ نقش مهمی در ایجاد ارتباط بین جوامع مختلف ایفا کرده است. ترجمه متون مذهبی، به عنوان یکی از انواع ترجمه، همواره از اهمیت و حساسیت ویژه¬ای برخوردار بوده است. در حالی که متن زیارت عاشورا بازتاباننده مجموعه¬ای است از رویکردها و اندیشه¬های دینی، اجتماعی و سیاسی مرتبط با قیام امام حسین (ع)، پژوهش نشان داده است که ترجمه¬های معدودی از این متن به زبان¬های دیگر صورت گرفته و در دسترس است. پژوهش حاضر تلاشی است برای تحلیل متنی دو ترجمه از میان ترجمه¬های موجود از زیارت عاشورا: ترجمه انگلیسی به قلم سید کاظم حسین و ترجمه فارسی به قلم حسین انصاریان. یکی از واقعیات مسلم و پذیرفته¬شده در میان اندیشمندان مطالعات ترجمه آن است که مترجم همواره با گزینه¬هایی مواجه است و ناگزیر دست به انتخاب می¬زند. این انتخاب¬ها نیز در شکل¬گیری متن مقصد و ارتباط آن با مخاطبان جامعه مقصد ایفای نقش می¬کنند. از این رو، در پژوهش حاضر کوشیده¬ایم تا دو ترجمه انتخاب¬شده را در سطح متن و با توجه به معیارهای زیر تحلیل و بررسی کنیم: گرایش به متن مبدأ یا متن مقصد، سبک نگارش، واژگان و معادل‌گزینی¬ها، و بسط‌ یاکاهش معنایی. سعی بر این است که ترجمه‌ی متن عربی به دو زبان انگلیسی و فارسی با بهره‌گیری از اصول برآمده از علم مطالعات ترجمه تحلیل و بررسی شوند تا از پس این بررسی تصویر کامل‌تری از ترجمه¬های انگلیسی و فارسی این متن به‌دست آید. نتایج اولیه حاکی از آن است که ترجمه انگلیسی گرایش بیشتری به مخاطب خود دارد، از واژگان و عبارات پرکاربرد و مأنوس استفاده می¬کند و در موارد متعددی از راهبرد بسط معنایی و تصریح بهره می¬گیرد تا متن را هرچه بیشتر به مخاطب ترجمه نزدیک کند در حالی که ترجمه فارسی بیشتر مبدأ-محور است، تا حد زیادی متأثر از نحو عربی است و تلاش قابل¬توجهی برای تصریح و توضیح اشارات و تلویحات متن مبدأ نمی¬کند و می¬کوشد مخاطب را به متن اصلی نزدیک کند

The present work is a translation of al-Shahid al-Thani’s Munyat al-Murid fi Adab al-Mufid wa al-Mustafid. The original Arabic work, written in 954 AH/1547 CE, quickly established  itself as a core text in the Islamic seminaries, and it has long been an important source of reference for anyone interested in Islamic education and spiritual development.

Now available in English for the first time, this classic work will be a valuable addition to the core reading lists of courses on Islamic ethics and spirituality. The current edition also contains an insightful introduction consisting of a biography of the author, an overview of the body of his work, a survey of his predecessors’ views on education, a study of his ideas on education, and an examination of his methodology of education.

Edited by Mohammad Mehdi Baghi and Mohammed Ali Ismail, with an introduction by Mohammad Mehdi Baghi.

This book studies the translation of Islamic religious texts (IRTs). These texts are peculiar in that in addition to their having a sacred as well as legal nature, they address the minds together with the hearts of their audience.  They evoke aesthetic feelings and have vocative functions.  This book tries to tackle this issue by analysing the register of IRTs, highlighting the characteristics of the sub-field of jurisprudence, examining the semantic notions and problems connected with this field and introducing the strategies of translation from the angle of IRTs.
This study focuses on a very important issue in the translation of IRTs, viz., the interrelationship between language, culture and religion through investigating the application of translation strategies to the cultural signs. It shows how different translators have applied them in the hope of communicating the message to the largest possible number of receptors.  The investigation of an adequately representative collection of specimens has revealed how the lack of guidelines to follow in translating IRTs leads translators to base their judgements on personal intuition and thus produce different translations for identical signs.
The second area inspected is style. After introducing the concept of style and indicating the two resources focused upon here, viz., the phonological and the lexical, the present work shows that IRTs bear strong affinity to literary register, in that they use sound devices, such as paronomasia, assonance, consonance and rhyme and employ literary style, such as verbosity and terseness. It also affirms the strong affinity to literary register by showing how idiomatic and connotative the language of IRTs is.
Through the investigation of the lexical and stylistic levels of IRTs, the present work has proved that there are various elements which have to be taken care of in translating IRTs, and that overlooking any of them has serious consequences at the denotative and/or connotative levels.
The third point examined is the importance of the audience as a factor in deciding on the strategies to be adopted. Intelligibility and acceptability have been brought into focus in this work. A questionnaire was conducted in Taiwan to find out the points of view of non-Arabic speaking audience concerning the translation of an Islamic juridical text. Significant results in this connection emphasized the point in question, viz.,  intelligibility and acceptability.

In his prologue, Akhdari lists the duties one is obliged to understand and act upon once they attain the age of maturity. It is a common practice in Muslim pedagogical tradition to versify basic texts so that students can memorize them more easily. Here, the text is presented as translated into rhyming couplets of English verse.

This book explains 41 different types of hadith collections, and provides examples for each. The purpose of this brief text is to familiarize seekers of sacred knowledge (beginner level) with key hadith texts so that they can pursue further study and research in this field.

Reliable Creed for a Community in Need —Pocketbook— is a rhyming English translation of Imam Tahawi's famous formulation of orthodox Islamic theology. Abu Jafar Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Tahawi’s (d. 933) text on creed is the most widely accepted exposition of the beliefs of Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jama`ah, or Sunni Islam. Students pursuing a traditional curriculum in Islamic sciences begin by studying short primer texts that introduce three foundational subjects: theology (`aqidah), essentials of individual religions practice (fiqh) within the guidelines of a recognized school of jurisprudence (madhhab), and spiritual refinement (tasawwuf). To facilitate the learning process, those texts have often been adapted to rhyme, which makes them easier to commit to memory. This book is designed to aid students in memorizing the concepts expressed in Imam Tahawi's classic manual of orthodox Sunni belief in English. 38 pages. ISBN: 1979077894

An authoritative reference book on the translation Islamic texts, designed as a training course, a handbook for practicing translators. The first and only of its kind. Touches on various topics relevant to the field of Islamic translation with a number of important appendices.

Abdelwali (2007:1-2) states that " the Holy Qur'an is artistically constructed and strongly rhetorical in comparison with ordinary prose. The versatility of the Qur'anic lexemes and style were not captured in most of the English versions of the Qur'an " .Thus, the transference of the glorious Qur'an " is an extremely difficult endeavour because each translator must consult his/her opinion and aesthetic sense in trying to replicate shades of meaning in another language ". The present paper explores the transference of regular exclamatives in the Glorious Qur'an. It examines the methods the translators adopt in choosing equivalents and evaluates their translations in terms of meaning and effect. Seven translations are analysed and evaluated. The main conclusion the paper arrives at is that most translators tend to preserve the original contextual meaning at the expense of the original effect. Since the language of Holy Qur'an is miraculous and, thus, difficult to translate, translators are reluctant to change the propositional content of the original exclamatives.They, sometimes, tend to be literal in order to preserve the original structure. Moreover, five criteria are identified concerning the choice of an appropriate equivalent for a Qura'nic exclamative, namely, the context and co-text of use, the existence of more than one interpretation for one verse, the structure of the original exclamative, the propositional content of the exclamative and overtranslation and undertranslation.

Dies ist eine Übersetzung des offenen Briefes an die ISIS und Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi und erklärt, in welchen Punkten die ISIS in ihren Handlungen und ihrem Verständnis dem Mainstream der klassisch-sunnitischen Tradition und der heutigen Gelehrsamkeit widerspricht. Der Brief wurde von mehr als 120 Gelehrten weltweit unterzeichnet.

يسعى هذا البحث إلى بيان الاستراتيجيات التي يمكن للمترجم اتباعها في ترجمة المصطلح الديني الإسلامي على الأخص من خلال استعراض استراتيجيات اتبعها المترجمون في أمثله أخذت من ترجمات انكليزية لنصوص عربية في الحديث والفقه والشريعة...الخ.  وتقتصر الترجمة فيه على اتجاه واحد من العربية إلى الإنكليزية.  وأخذت عينة البحث من نصوص عربية إسلامية ترجمها الى الإنكليزية مترجمون بعضهم من العرب وبعضهم الآخر من الأجانب.
يدرس البحث ثلاث عشرة استراتيجية رئيسة تتفرع منها استراتيجيات ثانوية اتبعها المترجمون في ترجمة المصطلح الديني الإسلامي هي: الترجمة الحرفية، والاستعارة اللفظية الممزوجة، والتثقيف، واستخدام ترجمة متعارف عليها، والنقل الصوتي (الكلي أو الجزئي)، والترجمة التعريفية (تعريف المصطلح مع النقل الصوتي، والترجمة وفق تعريف مذكور في مكان آخر من النص، وترك المصطلح للنص ليعرفه)، والترجمة التفسيرية، والتفسير في هامش، والترجمات المتعددة، والترجمة وفق السياق، والإضافة (الثقافية، والتقنية، واللغوية)، والحذف، وأخيراً الترجمة الفضلى. وتتداخل هذه الاستراتيجيات مع بعضها البعض وقد تتعاون استراتيجيتان في خلق استراتيجية ثالثة.  ومن المؤكد ان بإمكان المترجم ان يبتكر استراتيجيات أخرى تدمج أو تفرق بين أجزاء هذه الاستراتيجيات لخلق استراتيجية جديدة وفق ما يتطلبه النص الأصل.
مع اختلاف هذه الاستراتيجيات إلا ان المترجم في كل الحالات يسعى إلى نقل المصطلح بأقل عدد ممكن من الكلمات بأمانة ودقة وثبات مع الحفاظ على قدسية النص، الا انه يفلح في ذلك في بعض الأحيان ويخفق في أحيان أخرى بسبب البون الشاسع بين الثقافة العربية الإسلامية وثقافة اللغة الإنكليزية وما يتبع ذلك من فجوات لغوية أو ثقافية أو دلالية أو إشارية بين اللغتين.  ومن الملاحظ في البحث ان السياق الذي يأتي فيه المصطلح يفرض أحياناً استخدام استراتيجية بعينها دون الأخرى.

Majallat Al-Zahira is an academic review published for Al-Zahira International Forum for Dialogue . Al-Zahira International Forum for Dialogue is a non-profit scientific institution that aspires to invest in the Andalusia cultural heritage in hope of building new relations between the Islamic world and Hispanic world. Al-zahira seeks to find a cultural ally that can be a mediator between the Islamic world and the west to reduce the growing tensions between diverse cultural systems.

The 'Turk' was greeted in various ways, but generally with hostility by Early Modern Europeans. The advancing army of Suleiman the Magnificent attacked Vienna in 1529, prompting apocalyptic fear from Christians throughout Europe. Martin Luther, Philip Melanchthon, Nicolas Senecker, etc identify the Turks with prophecy (e.g. Gog and Magog from Ezekiel 38 and 39 and the little horn of the beast in Daniel 7) and interpreted their approach towards Europe accordingly. They also identified a need for deeper knowledge of Islam. This prompted a number of publications including Johann Albrecht Widmanstetter’s Mahometis Abdallae filii theologia dialogo explicata, ... Alcorani epitome and Theodore Bibliander's Machumetis Saracenorum principis, eiusque successorum vitae, ac doctrina, ipseque Alcoran, both of which were published in 1543. This paper examines both of these works but particularly Bibliander's Machumetis Saracenorum. It explores the reasons why Bibliander produced it through a comparison of it with Bibliander's earlier Ad nominis Christiani socios consultatio, qua nam ratione Turcarum dira potentia repelli possit ac debeat a populo Christiano.

با گسترش توجه و علاقه ايرانيان به شناخت انديشه هاي فلسفي و ديني پس از انقلاب و ظهور ترجمه هاي بسيار از كتاب هاي مهم غربي كه در اين زمينه به رشته تحرير در آمده است، اين ترجمه ها و مفاد آنها با چالش هاي جدي روبرو هستند كه اگر به اين چالش ها توجه نشود ما را هم با بدفهمي انديشه غربي و هم با آثار فرهنگي نامتناسب آن مواجه مي سازد. در اين مقاله در نظر است تا برخي آسيب هاي ترجمه متون فلسفي و ديني معرفي شود و ضرورت توجه به مباني هرمنوتيكي اين ترجمه ها مورد توجه قرار گيرد تا بتوان تفسيري مناسب از ديدگاههاي ترجمه شده داشت.

The Sri Lankan Muslims, most of whose native language is Tamil, depend in their religious affairs on translating from Arabic into their mother tongue. This article seeks to identify the common mistakes made by imams of masjids in translating religious texts. This research is based on the analytical descriptive approach. Primary data was collected through personal interviews and the questionnaire. As for the results,  although, most imams translate religious texts properly, some of them do not do so. The main mistakes occurred in the use of inappropriate words and the commitment to literal translation since the Arabic colleges tracked the translation of Arabic religious texts by literal translation. The Arabic colleges are recommended to teach Arabic and Tamil languages, linguistics, and translation as a compulsory subject, and to teach the foundations and rules of religious translation.

Anyone who has translated at some length knows the difficulties of transmitting the original meaning and that explanations are often necessary. A written translation of a major work, moreover, requires decisions on how it should be presented to suit the purpose of the translation. Many of the considerations that go into a translation today were faced by pre-modern translators, and in the case of rendering the Qur'an into Latin for readers in western Europe the task was charged with religious tension. Reading the Qur'an in Latin Christendom is a meticulous study of the four pre-print Latin translations of the Qur'an and of their manuscript heritage.

This paper investigates views on translating that were expressed by the medieval Arabic prose writer Jahiz (776-868) in his famous Book of Animals (ar. Kitāb al-ḥayawān) in the second half of 9th century. Although he deals mostly with zoological themes in this work, in its foreword we find very valuable remarks on
translating in general, as well as translating Arabic poetry, translating texts of sacral
nature and interventions in the text by translators and scribes. Jahiz was a
contemporary of the first uplift of the largest translation movement in the Middle
Ages, thus being able to read numerous scientific, philosophical and literary works in
direct or indirect translation from the languages such as Greek, Persian, Sanskrit, etc. Those very translations introduced Jahiz to Aristotle’s physics or natural philosophy, and that inspired him to write one of his most important works – Book of
Animals. Although Jahiz approached the subject from a reader’s perspective,
dedicating it only four of more than two thousand pages of his Book of Animals, even
a short glimpse at his reflections on translating clearly indicates that he managed to
identify and examine some of the principal issues of the modern translation theory. In this paper we produced the translation and performed the analysis of Jahiz’s views
on translating in the mentioned work, by comparison with the ideas of modern translation theory and linguistics, as well as dominant attitudes toward the Arabic
language in Jahiz’s time and characteristics of the translations that were available to
him.
Key words: Jahiz, Book of Animals, translating, Arabic language, translation theory, translation equivalence, translatability, negative transfer, Qur’an, functional styles.

This study investigates the meaning of the Qur'ānic near-synonyms الإفك  al-'ifk and الكذب al-kadhib (lie) and their English translation. It aims to identify the contextual meaning of these Qur'ānic near-synonyms based on the exegeses of the Holy Qur'ān. Then, it explains the nuances that exist between these two lexical items in terms of denotative meaning. This study also examines how the semantic differences between these Qur'ānic near-synonyms are reflected in the English translation of the Holy Qur'ān by Ali (2006). This study adopts the RC-S approach by Murphy (2003) as a theoretical framework for data analysis. It also employs the qualitative approach to collect and analyze the data of the study. The exegeses of the Holy Qur'ān are consulted to identify the semantic differences between the Qur'ānic near-synonyms. The findings reveal that there exist some differences in meaning between these Qur'ānic near-synonyms in terms of denotative meani...

نوشتار پیش رو حاصل کاوشی است کنجکاوانه در باب نهضت ترجمه در جهان اسلام، معروف به نهضت ترجمه بغداد، که اوج آن مصادف است با دوران حیات پربرکت امام رضا (ع). نگارندگان درصدد بوده اند پس از تبیین شرایط جامعه اسلامی در زمان امام رضا (ع) و توضیح اجمالی نهضت ترجمه در جهان اسلام و مرکز علمی بیت الحکمه/دارالترجمه در بغداد، به این پرسش اساسی پاسخ دهند که امام (ع) در مواجهه با «دیگری» (زبان دیگر، فرهنگ دیگر، قوم دیگر، اعتقاد دیگر) چه رویکردی اتخاذ می¬کردند. نوشتار حاضر به پنج بخش تقسیم شده است: سه بخش اول شامل مروری است تحلیلی بر شرایط زندگی حضرت، وجه علمی وجود ایشان، بیت الحکمه/دارالترجمه بغداد و اوج¬گیری نهضت ترجمه در جهان اسلام. در بخش چهارم مستنداتی شامل آیات و روایاتی که منعکس¬کننده سیره عملی امام (ع) در این موضوع خاص است گردآوری و تحلیل شده است تا پرسش اصلی پژوهش پاسخ داده شود. بخش نهایی شامل جمع¬بندی و نتیجه¬گیری از تحلیل سیره امام (ع) است که حول 7 محور اصلی بیان شده است: 1. نبود تعصب کور نسبت به «خود»، 2. تبیین و تعریف صحیح و نیز دفاع مستدل و منطقی از «خود»، 3. پذیرش وجود «دیگری»، 4. احترام به «دیگری»، 5. انعطاف¬پذیری در روش، 6. تعامل سازنده با «دیگری» به منظور رسیدن به هدف متعالی، و 7. توجه بیشتر به وجوه اشتراک در مقابل وجوه افتراق

Traditionally there have been two different strategies toward the interpretation and translation of the Christian Scriptures, namely 'transfering' and 'explaining', according to Fray Luis de Leon's terminology. The first of these two strategies has been maintained by most Biblical translators, while Qur'anic translators have normally been biased toward a model of translation inspired by the politics of explaining. This is particularly true when we deal with Qur'anic passages analyzed as instances of figurative speech by medieval Arab commentators, who seem to be still inspiring contemporary translators. Nevertheless a new model of Qur'anic translation has recently been implemented by M. de Epalza and his team. Their translation of the Qur'an into Catalonian has been generally acclaimed because of their sttylistic concerns. We analyze this translation in the light of some contemporary Western sets of ideas about truth and religion.

Translation, as a millennial act, can be said to have served the function of bridging the gaps among diverse linguistic, cultural, religious, social, political communities. It is translation, in its broadest sense, which has made possible contact, communication, dialogue, and ultimately mutual understanding among different peoples. Outstanding masterpieces and important events in every society have transcended existing borders, both spatially and temporally, to reach other societies. As a matter of fact, one can say that translation has made it possible for these events to continue their 'life' in new settings. In this sense, translation can be claimed to be the oldest, most effective media at the disposal of mankind. Imam Husain's movement, as an act of rising up against the tyranny, injustice, and corruption practiced by the then ruler (Calif) of the Islamic world, has proved to be an unmatched event in the history of Islam. It is still remembered and respected by Muslims world around, regardless of Shia-Sunni differences. The main message(s) of Imam Husain's movement can be seen in the 'text' of the Ziarat of Imam Husain. The text of the Ziarat, which has been disseminated as part of a collection known as Mafatih al-Janan, reflects, in short, an account of the happenings on the day of Ashura, as well as the approach that should be adopted towards this event; (reciting) the text is a means to express support for and solidarity with the conduct of Imam Husain, his family, and companions, and to pledge allegiance to their causes. Imam Husain's historic movement has also served as a source of inspiration for people from other religions, those who have heard the 'message' of Karbala, and who believe in the freedom and dignity of mankind. In addition, Arba'een pilgrimage (a visit paid annually to the holy shrine of Imam Husain a fortnight after the anniversary of his martyrdom) is turning into a unique 'scene of solidarity' where the pilgrims, regardless of their national, religious, cultural, and even linguistic differences, move in unity towards Imam's mausoleum in Karbala, symbolically towards the cause for which Imam and all his family and companions sacrificed their lives. The number of Arba’een pilgrims, who are from diverse national, cultural, and religious backgrounds, is ever on the rise. Over the past few years, the figure has exceeded 20 million, which obviously gives it an international aspect. Ironically though, the mainstream media seem to have turned a blind eye to such a unique phenomenon. The present study is primarily concerned with the ‘spreading’ of this message through translation. The initial question which sparked the present research project is how the uprising of Imam Husain, more precisely worded the textual material relating to Ziarat of Imam Husain, has been reflected in translations. The study is aimed at providing a hopefully comprehensive bibliography of the existing translations of Ziarat-related textual materials in different languages. Such a bibliography can help us better understand how such material has been dealt with from the point of view of translation studies. Upon compiling the bibliography, effort will be made to provide an analytical account of all the translations on an extra-textual level. Besides, a textual analysis of the translations in English and Persian will also be provided.

Das umfassende Islam-Lexikon erläutert Grundbegriffe der islamischen Religion und Kultur. Die Stichwörter werden auf Deutsch, Arabisch und Türkisch genannt.
Themenseiten veranschaulichen detailliert zentrale Themen, z.B. die Fünf Säulen des Islams, die Pilgerfahrt, Muhammads Leben.
Islam - von Abendgebet bis Zuckerfest informiert sachlich fundiert mit zahlreichen Farbfotos. Das Lexikon spricht sowohl Jugendliche im (islamischen) Religionsunterricht als auch interessierte Erwachsene an.

This study investigates the meaning of the Qur'ānic near-synonyms ‫ااااا‬ al-'ifk and ‫ا‬ ‫اااا‬ alkadhib (lie) and their English translation. It aims to identify the contextual meaning of these Qur'ānic near-synonyms based on the exegeses of the Holy Qur'ān. Then, it explains the nuances that exist between these two lexical items in terms of denotative meaning. This study also examines how the semantic differences between these Qur'ānic near-synonyms are reflected in the English translation of the Holy Qur'ān by Ali (2006). This study adopts the RC-S approach by Murphy (2003) as a theoretical framework for data analysis. It also employs the qualitative approach to collect and analyze the data of the study. The exegeses of the Holy Qur'ān are consulted to identify the semantic differences between the Qur'ānic near-synonyms. The findings reveal that there exist some differences in meaning between these Qur'ānic near-synonyms in terms of denotative meaning and that the semantic differences between these Qur'ānic near-synonyms are not reflected in Ali's English translation of the Holy Qur'ān. The study provides recommendations for readers and translators especially the translators of the Holy Qur'ān.

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There is a widespread belief that the Holy Qu'rān cannot be translated, either because of actual linguistic difficulties or because it would be sacrilegious to do so. Nevertheless, significant portions of the Qu'rān have been translated into numerous languages. Translation, in fact, dates from the ministry of the Prophet Mohammed Himself, and the doctrine of "Qu'rānic inimitability" developed only several centuries after His ascension. There is an ongoing debate, however, as to whether translations are scripture itself or merely a form of commentary, Translators must also decide whether to adopt a verse form in imitation of the original and to what extent potentially opaque Arabic loan words for Islamic concepts should be used. Because of the inherent ambiguity of the original text, decisions in the translation of certain key passages are often made on the basis of sectarian doctrinal teachings, rather than objective exegesis.

This book explores a selection of topics related to the Arabic language, the linguistic style of the Qur’ân and its inimitability, and the translation of the meanings of the Qur’ân into English. It is an attempt toward shedding more light on the nature of translation with reference to the Qur’ân and the various obstacles the Arabic language, in general, and the language of the Qur’ân, in particular, pose to the translator who attempts to carry out such a great task and noble mission. This book targets two types of audience: firstly, those who are interested in the Arabic language, the language of the Qur’ân, and its translation into foreign languages; secondly, novice and professional translators who shoulder a grave responsibility, namely, contributing to reduce the cultural and civilizational gaps as well as the gap in science between the different people of the world.

Translation, as a millennial act, can be said to have served the function of bridging the gaps among diverse linguistic, cultural, religious, social, political communities. It is translation, in its broadest sense, which has made possible contact, communication, dialogue, and ultimately mutual understanding among different peoples. Outstanding masterpieces and important events in every society have transcended existing borders, both spatially and temporally, to reach other societies. As a matter of fact, one can say that translation has made it possible for these events to continue their ‘life’ in new settings. In this sense, translation can be claimed to be the oldest, most effective media at the disposal of mankind. Imam Husain’s movement, as an act of rising up against the tyranny, injustice, and corruption practiced by the then ruler (Calif) of the Islamic world, has proved to be an unmatched event in the history of Islam. It is still remembered and respected by Muslims world around, regardless of Shia-Sunni differences. The main message(s) of Imam Husain’s movement can be seen in the ‘text’ of the Ziarat of Imam Husain. The text of the Ziarat, which has been disseminated as part of a collection known as Mafatih al-Janan, reflects, in short, an account of the happenings on the day of Ashura, as well as the approach that should be adopted towards this event; (reciting) the text is a means to express support for and solidarity with the conduct of Imam Husain, his family, and companions, and to pledge allegiance to their causes. Imam Husain’s historic movement has also served as a source of inspiration for people from other religions, those who have heard the ‘message’ of Karbala, and who believe in the freedom and dignity of mankind. In addition, Arba’een pilgrimage (a visit paid annually to the holy shrine of Imam Husain a fortnight after the anniversary of his martyrdom) is turning into a unique ‘scene of solidarity’ where the pilgrims, regardless of their national, religious, cultural, and even linguistic differences, move in unity towards Imam’s mausoleum in Karbala, symbolically towards the cause for which Imam and all his family and companions sacrificed their lives. The number of Arba’een pilgrims, who are from diverse national, cultural, and religious backgrounds, is ever on the rise. Over the past few years, the figure has exceeded 20 million, which obviously gives it an international aspect. Ironically though, the mainstream media seem to have turned a blind eye to such a unique phenomenon. The present study is primarily concerned with the ‘spreading’ of this message through translation. The initial question which sparked the present research project is how the uprising of Imam Husain, more precisely worded the textual material relating to Ziarat of Imam Husain, has been reflected in translations. The study is aimed at providing a hopefully comprehensive bibliography of the existing translations of Ziarat-related textual materials in different languages. Such a bibliography can help us better understand how such material has been dealt with from the point of view of translation studies. Upon compiling the bibliography, effort will be made to provide an analytical account of all the translations on an extra-textual level. Besides, a textual analysis of the translations in English and Persian will also be provided.

این مصاحبه ای با روزنامه ایران در حدود 20 سال پیش است که در آن ملاحظات هرمنوتیکی برای ترجمه متون فلسفی و دینی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است و متذکر می شود که برخی از ترجمه های این متون، توجهی به فضای فرهنگی خود اثر در فرهنگ غربی و ترجمه اثر در فرهنگ ایرانی به اندازه لازم نکرده اند و در نتیجه ترجمه ها انعکاس مطالب معیوبی خواهند بود.

Koransemantik. Milad Karimi. Hans Zirker.
This paper investigates the translation of the Arabic hyperbolic pattern فعيل (faʿīl) from Arabic into Ger-man in two recently published translations of the Quran. Among the huge number of Quran trans-lations during the last few years and due to the high variety of hyperbolic patterns in Arabic, this paper deals only with the pattern فعيل (faʿī l) and how it is rendered into German in the Quran translations by Hans Zirker (2013) and Milad Karimi (2016). The study reveals that the hyperbolic patterns have been either simply neglected or have been translated into German through many inconsistent strategies. Moreover, in both translations no attention was paid to the cumulative hyperbolic patterns. The examples examined show that the need to rethink such translations is urgent and that Quran trans¬lation should be done by a team that includes native Arabic linguists.
Key words: equivalence, hyperbolic patterns in Arabic, Quran, Karimi, Zirker