Tema

In this work, a comparative analysis between Gaussian and Golden wavelets is presented. These wavelets are generated by the derivative of specific base functions. In this case, the order of the derivative also indicates the number of vanishing moments of the wavelet. Although these wavelets have a similar waveform, they have several distinct characteristics in time and frequency domains. These distinctions are explored here in the scale space. In order to compare the results provided by these wavelets for a real signal, they are used in the decomposition of a signal inserted in the context of structural health monitoring.

This paper describes the steps to convert a paper-and-pencil English proficiency test for academic purposes, consisting of multiple choice items administered following the Admissible Probability Measurement Procedure [24], adopted by the graduate program at the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences at the University of São Paulo (ICMC-USP), Brazil, to a computerized adaptive test (CAT) based on an Item Response Theory Model (IRT). Despite the fact that the program accepts various internationally recognized tests that attest non-native speakers English proficiency, such as the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) and the Cambridge English: Proficiency (CPE), for instance, its requirement is incoherent in public universities in Brazil due to the cost, which ranges from US$ 200.00 to US$ 300.00 per exam. The TAI-PI software (Computerized Adaptive Test for English Proficiency), which was developed in Java langu...

Günümüz yiyecek-içecek sektörü içerisinde işletmeler, çok daha yoğun bir rekabet ortamı içerisinde faaliyetlerini
sürdürmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu nedenle, yiyecek-içecek işletmeleri tercih edilmek ve karlılığını devam ettirebilmek için
kendilerini farklılaştırma yoluna gitmektedirler. Tema uygulaması, bu doğrultuda gerçekleştirilen çalışmalardan biridir.
Dünya üzerinde, özellikle de gelişmiş ülkelerde temalı restoranların sayısı giderek artmaktadır. Tema uygulaması ile
birlikte restoranlar sadece yemek yenilen yerin ötesine geçerek müşterilere sıradışı ve yeni bir yemek deneyimi sunan
alanlar haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, restoranlarda tema anlayışının nasıl ortaya çıktığı, tarihsel olarak nasıl gelişim
gösterdiği, hangi nedenler ile ortaya çıktığı ve temalı restoran örnekleri kavramsal olarak derinlemesine incelenmiştir.
Kaynak taraması sonucunda elde edilen bilgiler ışığında temalı restoranlar açısından önemli kabul edilen hususlar bir
araya getirilmiştir. Buna göre; restoran tasarımı, yer seçimi ve inşa süreci, menü tasarımı, ürün sunumu ve insan
kaynağı seçimi tematik restoran işletmeciliğinde dikkat edilmesi gereken hususların başında gelmektedir. Çalışma,
restoran işletmecilerinin özellikle bu hususlara nasıl dikkat edecekleri ve hangi yolları izleyebilecekleri yönündeki
öneriler ile sonlandırılmıştır.

In the first part of this paper, a simplified approach to design a Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger [STHE] for beverage and process industry application is presented. The design of STHE includes thermal design and mechanical design. The thermal design of STHE involves evaluation of required effective surface area (i.e. number of tubes) and finding out log mean temperature difference [LMTD]. Whereas, the mechanical design includes the design of main shell under internal & external pressure, tube design, baffles design gasket, etc. The design was carried out by referring ASME/TEMA standards, available at the company. The complete design, fabrication, testing and analysis work was carried out at Alfa Laval (India), Ltd., Pune-12. In the second part of this paper detail view of design optimization is presented by flow induced vibration analysis [FVA].

The transfer of heat to and from process fluids is an essential part of most of the chemical processes. Therefore, heat exchangers (HEs) are used extensively and regularly in process and allied industries and are very important during design and operation. The most commonly used type of HE is the shell and tube heat exchanger. In the present study, a comparative analysis of a water to water STHE wherein, hot water flows inside the tubes and cold water inside the shell is made, to study and analyze the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drops for different mass flow rates and inlet and outlet temperatures, using Kern, Bell and Bell Delaware methods. This paper purely aims at studying and comparing different methods of STHE and bringing out which method is better for adopting in shell side calculations.

Estudio de la Sintaxis como un proceso cíclico funcional que involucra la identificación entonativa de los elementos, la identificación sintáctica propiamente dicha, en base a la coaparición y a la situación de habla,  y la semantización de los elementos sintácticos, en base a la interpretación semántica y a la coaparición categórica. Es un estudio de lingüística general, aunque está dedicado en mayor medida al griego antiguo, y a las nociones de Tema y Sujeto.

Il topos del viaggio ai limiti del mondo conosciuto nel romanzo cavalleresco e la natura lirico-drammatica dell’egloga in sciolti nella prima metà del Cinquecento; la ricezione adriatico-orientale (a Cattaro e Ragusa) del petrarchismo bembiano e post-bembiano e le antiche favole gigantomachiache riscritte dalla lirica e dal poemetto narrativo tra la prima e la seconda metà del secolo; i poemetti degli angeli ribelli nel contesto dell’eroico tassiano, figura e insieme scrittura delle guerre guerreggiate dell’epoca sullo sfondo apocalittico del nuovo malicidium da consumare contro eretici e infedeli e le icone trionfali di Giuditta nell’epica post-tassiana del Seicento; la riscrittura lirico-poematica della vicenda del peccatore pentito nelle raccolte spirituali del tempo e la fortuna delle Rime di Gabriele Fiamma e di Gregorio Comanini nelle Suze sina razmetnoga del raguseo Ivan Gundulić: questi, nel loro diverso intrecciarsi, gli assi tematici portanti della sequenza storico-letteraria proposta. Primariamente intitolata allo studio d’esordio, l’immagine del volo che retrospettivamente l’attraversa rende ragione delle dinamiche dello sguardo nell’accostare il multiforme panorama dell’indagine; della prospettiva d’insieme e di dettaglio nel mettere a fuoco autori “maggiori” e “minori”, nel rappresentare la dialettica di centri e periferie dell’ampio spazio geografico-culturale configurato. Pur autonomi tra loro, gli otto studi che all’insegna dell’ariostesca metafora dell’Andar per l’aria compongono il volume sono tra loro per più ragioni interconnessi. Nel dialogo ravvicinato o a distanza ovunque intrattenuto dai testi, l’intreccio di tema e genere, di genere e mito, il sondaggio sul genere che ne costituiscono i motivi conduttori tessono le fila di linee di ricerca condotte in zone inesplorate della tradizione letteraria italiana dentro e oltre i confini della Penisola.

Environment air pollution and global warming are alarming concern worldwide. Increasing air pollution, rapid growth of industrialization and the global trend of urbanization have totally disturbed the eco balance of resources on earth. The present study was done to visualize the potential of ethanol and biodiesel as an alternative fuel in C.I. engine. The salient features of the investigation include: (i) The study of basic fuel properties of ethanol, biodiesel and their blends with diesel for C.I. engine. (ii) To evaluate the potential of using biodiesel, ethanol and their blends with diesel for C.I, engine. (iii) Study of the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for various blends. Experiment set up was developed to carryout engine performance and emission characteristic studies on selected fuel blends at different load conditions. The present work has resulted in giving a good insight into the performance and emission characteristics of the C.I. engine using ethanol, biodiesel, diesel fuel blends. As fuel property point of view density and pour point of all the fuel blends are under the standard limits for diesel fuel.

The paper analyse a school buildings stock of Lecco Municipality defining a methodology for cost-benefit analysis for different renovation scenarios. The method represent replicable guidelines useful to the Public Administration in terms of financial planning and intervention priority. The analysis estimated an overall cost for the building stock renovation equal to € 62.971.530,0 with an investment per student equal to € 5.060,0. Existing school buildings energy retrofit is one of the most sensitive current issues concerning the Italian public property. The presented research analyse 38 school buildings of Lecco Municipality with different educational level, age of construction and typological design. The methodology developed allows dividing the sampled schools in homogeneous clusters, each one represented by a reference building, used as base case for cost/benefit analysis. The present work investigates optimal energy retrofit strategies to be implemented from both an economic an...

The paper presents the integrated results obtained from an interdisciplinary protocol of research designed for assessing the structural safety and state of conservation of the monument. Starting from the archival researches about the construction history and the restoration works, 3D geometric surveys, diagnostic as well as geognostic investigations have been performed for implementing the knowledge of the structures, characterised by several static problems since its construction. Overall the study has individuated the level of static efficiency of the basilic and the causes of its prolonged decay, stating a base point for the definition of future interventions.

Il topos del viaggio ai limiti del mondo conosciuto nel romanzo cavalleresco e la natura lirico-drammatica dell’egloga in sciolti nella prima metà del Cinquecento; la ricezione adriatico-orientale (a Cattaro e Ragusa) del petrarchismo bembiano e post-bembiano e le antiche favole gigantomachiache riscritte dalla lirica e dal poemetto narrativo tra la prima e la seconda metà del secolo; i poemetti degli angeli ribelli nel contesto dell’eroico tassiano, figura e insieme scrittura delle guerre guerreggiate dell’epoca sullo sfondo apocalittico del nuovo malicidium da consumare contro eretici e infedeli e le icone trionfali di Giuditta nell’epica post-tassiana del Seicento; la riscrittura lirico-poematica della vicenda del peccatore pentito nelle raccolte spirituali del tempo e la fortuna delle Rime di Gabriele Fiamma e di Gregorio Comanini nelle Suze sina razmetnoga del raguseo Ivan Gundulić: questi, nel loro diverso intrecciarsi, gli assi tematici portanti della sequenza storico-lettera...

The 60s and 70s housing blocks consisting of large two-dimensional prefabricated elements represent a sizable share of European building assets: their upgrading as regards architecture, energy efficiency, environment and social services is a priority for European Union aims by 2050. Prefabricated housing blocks total to such large numbers as to require new methodologies and technologies to be developed, in order to make upgrading technically viable and economically sustainable.

In this paper we propose a bivariate long-term model based on the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula to model, where the marginals are assumed to be long-term promotion time structured. The proposed model allows for the presence of censored data and covariates. For inferential purpose a Bayesian approach via Markov Chain Monte Carlo is considered. Further, some discussions on the model selection criteria are given. In order to examine outlying and influential observations, we present a Bayesian case deletion influence diagnostics based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence. The newly developed procedures are illustrated on artificial and real data.

This research was conducted at three fish smoking sites and three marketing centres in the Tema municipality, to compare the microbial load of smoked sardine (Sardinella aurita). Microbial load of smoked sardine were determined using aerobic plate count, yeast and moulds, coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus counts, Salmonella typhi detections, with pH and water activity. The results indicated that the aerobic plate counts within the smoking sites ranged from 6.2 x 10 4 to 3.3 x 10 5 cfu/g; yeast and moulds from 1.

The contribution focuses on the Finnish adoption of circular economy processes in the building field, particularly related to the housing sector, that could represent meaningful model of high standards of sustainability. A program managed by a NGO foundation, permits to restore and build apartment blocks addressed to better reintegrate homeless into society fostering a positive sharing economy. Instead the continuous research on wood building technologies allows the construction of new blocks with recyclable, reusable and ready to assembly components, defining a virtous loop of environmentally friendly production and use. The principles of circular economy begin to be essential to favor sustainable processes and Finland is one of the few countries in the world that has developed a detailed plan for its application. Indeed the SITRA world map obviously affects construction industry at different levels and benefits are described through two operational addresses: the implementation of Housing First program by the Y-Foundation, that enhance a better usage of housing building heritage in order to solve a critical social issue, and the extensive use of wood elements for building construction, that introduces new ecological innovations into a consolidated technical tradition.

The study regards 1950s Italian architecture. The focus is the Enel Palace of Cagliari. The general topic is the relationship between structural and architectural design. The various topics of the Italian architectural debate of 1950s reveal themselves on the project of the Enel Palace of Cagliari, designed in 1957 by Gigi Ghò, Milanese engineer and architect. The reinforced concrete structure shows an interesting solution with base-hinged pillars in the shape of a “V”, and strongly influences the facades layout that, like GiòPonti, the architect considered not a design applied to a construction but an aspect of the very same structure [1]. The façade arrangement, the particular attention on the materials choice for finishes and the obsessive definition of the detail define Gigi Ghò personality.

Lean Construction (LC) and Building Information Modelling are the two methodologies linked by the same objectives. The former is an industrial optimization, which want to achieve the aim of performance increasing with the application to the AEC industry. These two concepts leaded Melzo school tender process writing. There are huge differences from a traditional process approach compared with BIM one, which leads project to a coherence high level. A deep LC principles understanding entail a distribution of the point to the different categories. The importance of LC criteria, in terms of points, imposes to the companies a change in the mind-set, from a lowest bid approach to a performance one. The study is based on the analysis of the responses to the case study procurement. Different competitors answer differently in function of Lean principles weight and their knowledge. The change in the state of mind leads the companies to offers value. In some cases, even if, many points were not...

The consolidation and restoration of the monumental buildings is strongly articulated both for the typological heterogeneity and for the structural and technological complexity [1] of the built heritage and, sometimes, for the limited availability of adequate means-economic, too-for their protection. Assumed, in fact, the monument as expression of belonging to a place [2], it arises the problem of how to intervene to protect it from the action of degradation. In fact, the recovery (as the preservation of monuments) today represent [3] various aspects-and sometimes even alarming-that help to identify those that are commonly called "the architectural emergencies". It is crucial the knowledge of building, of the historical and structural events that have affected the structure during construction and all its lifetime.

Announced and planned over 20 years ago by Cresme (1997 Report), the "wave of recovery/redevelopment", has found its growth defining a curve strongly influenced by the tormented economic cycles happened during the last two decades. It has been said that, for example, this "wave of recovery/redevelopment" has been increased by the economic crisis-the investment in maintenance and recovery presents few risks-so that the peak of the curve of investments in recovery overlaps with that one of the crisis born in 2008. In this way, we can glimpse a first sign of growth in construction investments and, according to Cresme, a new building cycle, only now as it seems that we are moving out from the crisis. This new cycle has been defined of the "built environment" and it is led by the growth of investments in new buildings. However, it is clear that the field of recovery now constitutes over 70% of investments in the construction sector, and it will remain the most important market for many years, event if it also changes in relation to endogenous factors such as tax bonuses. It is in this context that we see as most of the essays published here, relating to the Colloqui.A.Te 2018 Conference in Cagliari, are dedicated to historical buildings: historical centres, important monuments, modern heritage, social housing, are all object of researches that from different points of view and with different approaches explore the technical and cultural modalities to deal profitably with their recovery and adaptation to the performances or to the features required by the current legislation or by the contemporary ways of life.

QL-subimplications can be obtained by a distributive n-ary aggregation performed over the families T of t-subnorms and S of t-subconorms along with a fuzzy negation. Since these classes of subimplications are explicitly represented by t-subconorms and t-subnorms verifying the generalized associativity, the corresponding (S,N)-and QL-subimplicators, referred as I S,N and I S,T,N , are characterized as distributive n-ary aggregation together with related generalizations as the exchange and neutrality principles. Moreover, the classes of (S,N)-and QL-subimplicators are obtained by the median operation performed over the standard negation N S together with the families of t-subnorms and t-subconorms by considering the product t-norm T P as well as the algebraic sum S P , respectively. As the main results, the family of subimplications I S P ,N and I S P ,T P ,N extends the corresponding classes of implicators by preserving their properties, discussing dual and conjugate constructions.

City and society, by definition unstable, constantly redefine the relation between places and actors, generating frequently critical circumstances that are addressed by only temporary solutions. The unexpected and uncontrolled social conditions and lifestyles build new geographies and centres. The activities of dismantlement, degradation, reuse, abandonment, and land use, continuously blend materials and relationships and requires rethinking the methods of describing the city and defining a new grammar of representation closer to the contemporary space, materials, actors, and relationship. Focusing on experiences of renewal and regeneration and selecting Naples as case study it could be investigated the phenomena that modify its appearance and character of a complex urban system. The objective of this exploratory study is to investigate the different impacts of renewal and regeneration in Naples. The study focuses on the urban and social dimensions, favouring a descriptive and visua...

Matrices are the most common representations of graphs. They are also used for the representation of algebras and cluster algebras. This paper shows some properties of matrices in order to facilitate the understanding and locating symmetrizable matrices with specific characteristics, called positive quasi-Cartan companion matrices. Here, symmetrizable matrix are those which are symmetric when multiplied by a diagonal matrix with positive entries called symmetrizer matrix. Four algorithms are developed: one to decide whether there is a symmetrizer matrix; second to find such symmetrizer matrix; another to decide whether the matrix is positive or not; and the last to find a positive quasi-Cartan companion matrix, if there exists. The third algorithm is used to prove that the problem to decide if a matrix has a positive quasi-Cartan companion is NP.

This work focuses on natural ventilation controlled by a Building Automation System (BAS) with the aim of guarantee adequate levels of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in an existing building. The case study is a three-story school building, morphologically complex, located in the suburbs area of Bari, characterized by a Mediterranean climate. The simulations showed how the designed natural ventilation system allow to obtain adequate levels of thermal comfort and IAQ as the climatic conditions and internal energy supply vary, optimizing the ventilation flow rates in relation to the need to limit the energy consumption. In school buildings high levels of Indoor Air Quality are required for the specific susceptibility to airborne pollution of occupants, but most of the data published in the scientific literature indicate that classroom ventilation in many schools is still inadequate. The low investment costs and the easy implementation of the Building Automation Systems allow a widely applica...

A validated method for the digital representation of historic construction through HBIM permits assessment of compliance with workmanlike practices and structural performance. The construction of an appropriate model is closely linked to survey methodology, to the integrated application of multiple techniques of direct and indirect survey and non-destructive tests. The paper specifically deals with the complementarity between photogrammetry based on UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) with TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanner). Finally, through this methodology, the HBIM model set for structural use allows the analysis of local mechanisms in order to verify the performance of the building. The methodological approach to the relationship between constructive survey and construction of the HBIM model to understand and evaluate the building organism from a structural point of view is exposed using Villa Palma-Guazzaroni in Terni as a case study. The Villa is representative of architectural herita...

One introduces first the so-called (min, +)-wavelets which are lower and upper hulls build from (min, +) analysis in order to perform multi-fractal analysis. In a second step it is applied to functions such as the Riemann serie and binomial Mandelbrot measure for numerical computations of their singularities spectrum, and comparisons with well-known theoretical and to WTMM method results. 

In this paper, the seminal method proposed by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv, aimed at the complexity analysis of sequences of symbols, was modified to compare similarities between two sequences. This modification allowed the creation of a new criterion which can replace likelihood in some pattern recognition applications. Moreover, to allow for analysis and comparison of multivariate continuously valued patterns, we also present a simple adaptation of the Lempel-Ziv's method to time-sampled signals. To illustrate the usefulness of these proposed tools, two sets of experimental results are presented, namely: one on speaker identity verification (biometrics) and another on healthcare signal detection. Both experiments yield promising performances. Moreover, as compared to a conventional pattern recognition method, the new approach provided better performances in terms of Equal Error Ratio in speaker verification experiments.

The continuous evolution of 3D surveying and modelling techniques, using increasingly high-performance tools and applications, highlights the added value of these methods in the field of urban and architectural survey. In the case study presented, attention is focused particularly on applications useful for the planned maintenance of cultural heritage (CH). These tools and methods have a significant impact on the phases of interpretation and “physical” knowledge. They can also bring a critical contribution to the completion of models that are not only geometric but also semantic and informative, supporting 360-degree planning of the maintenance of our historical architectural heritage. This support for scheduled maintenance has been identified in the HBIM methodology, based on an integrated 3D metric survey. A three-year research project on this topic (Interreg Italy-Switzerland “MAIN.10.ANCE”, 2019-2022), partnered by Politecnico di Torino, is currently in the central phase. The ma...

Matrices are the most common representations of graphs. They are also used for representing algebras and cluster algebras. This paper shows some properties of matrices in order to facilitate the understanding of symmetrizable matrices with specific characteristics, called positive quasi-Cartan companion matrices, and the problem of localizing them. Here, symmetrizable matrices are those which are symmetric when multiplied by a diagonal matrix with positive entries called symmetrizer matrix. We conjecture that this problem is NP-complete and we show that it is in NP by generalizing Sylvester's criterion for symmetrizable matrices. We straighten known coefficient limits for such matrices.

This work considers an interval extension of fuzzy implication based on the best interval representation of continuous t-norms. Some related properties can be naturally extended and that extension preserves the behaviors of the implications in the interval endpoints.