Slovenian

(= Slavonic names for mosque with special regard to Polish, Silesian, Czech and Slovak data). -- Abstract: Even though mosques are a typical element of the Islamic culture the channels through which their designations came into Slavonic (as well as some other European languages) are not really well known. This author divides Slavonic reflexes of the Arabo-Turkic word into eight groups and discusses the reasons for their various shapes. The essay is composed of three parts: (1) Background and Western European data; (2) Slavonic and German; (3) Results and questions. The most interesting aspect is that of a semantic difference between two types of words (meczet ~ mešita ~ mošeja and džamija) and its importance for the etymology, as well as some comments on the source of the Czech and Slovak word on the one hand and the Russian term on the other. In the end of part (2) particular attention is paid to the question whether the Silesian name was borrowed from Polish or from Czech.

La Repubblica riconosce il 10 febbraio quale "giorno del ricordo" al fine di conservare e rinnovare la memoria della tragedia degli italiani e di tutte le vittime delle foibe, dell'esodo dalle loro terre degli istriani, fiumani e dalmati nel secondo dopoguerra e della più complessa vicenda del confine orientale» Così recita l'Art. 1 della legge 30 marzo 2004 N° 92. Una legge che ha senz'altro il merito di decretare la fine di una lunga epoca di silenzi e omissioni da parte dello Stato, il quale, per ragioni squisitamente politiche, stese un velo di oblio sui tragici fatti sopra menzionati, restituendo dignità alla memoria delle vittime e di tutti coloro che patirono per quei tragici eventi. Una legge che però manca, ancora una volta, di riconoscere le responsabilità italiane nel dramma del confine giuliano, limitandosi e rimandare ad una innocua e fumosa «complessa vicenda del confine orientale», secondo una linea da sempre seguita da tutta la classe dirigente del nostro paese e da tutti i suoi governi, impregnata di vittimismo ed intenta a rimuovere dalla memoria pubblica le macchie del nostro passato, dipingendo gli italiani come un popolo di "brava gente", mai protagonisti di crimini efferati ma solo vittime.

. Lubia (Foto direttore: Giampaolo Valdevit; condirettori: Paolo BI asina, Tristano Maua, Gloria Nemee, Raoul Pupo responsabile: Galliano Fogar direzione, redazione e amministrazione: Istituto regionale per la storia del movimento di liberazione nel Friuli-Venezia Giulia 34136 Trieste, Salita di Gretta 38 -tel e fax (040) 44004 La rivista non s'intende impegnata dalle interpretazioni e vedute espresse da articoli e note tìmrnti o siglati. Non si restituiscono i manoscritti anche se pubblicati. È vietato riprodurre in tutto o in parte gli articoli senza citarne la fonte. QUALESTORJA · BOLLETTINO DELL'ISTITUTO REGIONALE PER LA STORIA DEL MOVIMENTO DI LIBERAZIONE NEL FRJULI-VENEZIA GIULIA periodico semestrale N.S. anno XXVII. n. I registrazione del Tribunale di Trieste n. 455 del 23.2.1978 quote di abbonamento per il I 999: ordinario lire 50.000; sostenitore lire 100.000; per l'estero lire 80.000. Costo di questo numero I ire 28.000; arretrati il doppio. I versan1enti vanno fatti su c.c.p. 12692349 intestato a: Istituto regionale per la storia del movimento di liberazione nel Friuli-Venezia Giulia Spedizione in a.p. art. 2 comma 20/c Legge 662/96 Filiale di Trieste Copertina: Fabio Divo Stampa: Tipografia Adriatica -Trieste Sommario Fra invenzione della tradizione e ri-scrittura del passato. La storiografia slovena degli anni Novanta G. Valdevit M. Verginella Studi e ricerche P. Vodopivec E. Dolenc J. Perovsek B. Godesa A. Gabriè B. Repe Presentazione li peso della storia Tra Oriente e Occidente. Uno sguardo alla storia degli sloveni nel '900 Fra nazionalismo e socialismo. Storia culturale e storiografia slovena sul pe riodo fra le due guerre Gli sloveni e la Jugoslavia negli anni dal 1918 al 1941 Le autorità italiane di occupazione e gli intellettuali sloveni Divergenze tra Belgrado e Lubiana nel la federazione jugoslava Confini aperti e stile di vita in Slovenia dopo la seconda guerra mondiale Documenti e problemi J. Cvirn A. Studen Gli sloveni e i programmi costituzionali tedeschi ( 1848-1918) «Temiamo che scorra il sangue'» I disordini in occasione della visita de gli studenti universitari cechi a Celje nel 1899 7 9 35 57 95 171 215 231 249 /ne lub (Fo, Note critiche P. Vodopivec Un contributo al dibattito sulle «foibe» 263 M. Kacin-Wohinz Storiografia e rapporti italo-sloveni 270

Prispevek je kratek povzetek pogovora med Dušico Kunaver, Branko Urbanija in menoj o koreninah Slovencev, ki se je odvijal v Tunjicah avgusta 2021. V prispevku so na kratko predstavljene korenine Slovencev, kaj predstavljajo in zakaj so pomembne. Razložena je tudi identiteta Slovencev, ki se je razvila iz načina življenja. Povzeta je zgodovina našega naroda od prazgodovine naprej, s poudarkom na slovenskem bajeslovju (mitologiji) in jeziku s pisavo ter simboli.

The article discusses the differences between the Slovenian and Italian language systems by adopting the
methodology of error analysis of written production in Italian by Slovene mother tongues. The working corpus includes spontaneous written production of university students in the first year of Italian studies. The error analysis was based on a classification that distinguishes spelling mistakes, morphosyntactic and semantic errors. In addition to this classification mistakes have also been observed based on their origin (negative transfer). Quantitative analysis showed that the majority of errors (44%) belong to  morphosyntax, 40% to spelling, and only 16% to semantics. The negative transfer affects primarily the morphosyntactic level: 49% of all errors; while within the level of semantics it decreases to 36%. The least affected level, with only 6% of all errors, is spelling. In total, the percentage of errors due to negative transfer is 30%. A comparative study with other similar researches proved that they have in common most conclusions and that many errors arise from discrepancies between the grammatical systems of the two languages.

This thesis deals with an analysis of Slovenian ditransitive constructions within the theoretical framework of generative grammar. Using the generative analysis of predominately English ditransitive constructions as a reference point, the thesis identifies formal differences between Slovenian ditransitive word order variations that cannot be explained by traditionally assumed information structure or stylistic variation accounts. Moreover, the presented data suggests that Slovenian essentially displays two distinct underlying ditransitive constructions that closely resemble the English Prepositional Dative/Double Object Construction distinction in syntactic behavior.

Because of the overuse and misuse of antibiotic, an increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria is evolving. Attention should be focused on natural alternatives to antibiotics, like propolis and honey. They all have strong antibacterial properties because of the active substances they contain. In the present study, the influence of P1 (water-soluble propolis (WSP) Greit 120) or P2 (phosphate buffer saline (PBS) propolis extract Lj. Center pH = 8.0) on antimicrobial activity of different Slovenian: chestnut honey (CH), forest honeys (FoH), and flower honey (FlH) against various Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria and yeast Candida albicans are shown. Gram-positive bacteria used in the experiments were: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus mutans. The yeast was Candia albicans. Gram-negative bacteria used were: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii. P1, P2, FoH, CH, FlH and their combinations were prepared in saline as 10% solutions. The composition of both propolis extracts and the three kinds of honey was determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). It expressed the antimicrobial activity as a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in mg/mL. Each of the two propolis extracts showed antimicrobial activity when applied alone. Also, the application of each of honey yielded an antimicrobial activity in decreasing order: CH, FoH and FlH honey. The combination of any of the propolis extract with any of the honey showed the additive antimicrobial effect on either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria and on yeast Candida albicans. The effectiveness of P1 or P2 depends on their nature and from the sort of honey and is the highest in the case of CH followed by FoH and FlH.

Dr Janez Drnovšek was one of the main protagonists in the Slovenian secession from the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He was also the key figure of the Slovenian transition and the creator of the Euro-Atlantic integration of Slovenia.

The central part of the article focuses on the geographical imagination of landscapes, depicted in the photographs. The research stems from the assumption that photographs play an important role in shaping and preserving individual and collective imagination of a landscape and that geography as a science is closely connected to visual representations of the world. The empirical part of the research entails selecting and defining/coding the photographs from the book Slovenian Landscapes by Dušan Ogrin and their analysis through statistical methods. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate what kind of image of the landscape this book creates. The goal is to design/formulate a methodology for photograph interpretation, especially to select the indicators and their categories as well as the criteria for a quantitative photograph evaluation. Using these methods, the appearance of the landscapes is analysed according to the individual indicators, placing special emphasis on surface form as the most important landscape element.

V dolgoletnem raziskovanju slovenske zgodovine sem prišel do podatkov, ki se nanašajo na glagolico, in prišel do zaključka, da Konstantin (Ciril), ko je prišel v 9. stoletju k Slovencem v Panonijo, ni bil prvi avtor glagolice, ampak jo je tukaj samo dodelal oziroma izboljšal. Veliko virov omenja, da je ustno sporočilo pripisovalo glagolico sv. Hieronimu, ki so jo rimski papeži potrdili, še bolj pa, ker njene neobičajne in težavne črke, ki jih nobena druga pisava nima, kažejo, da so davna in originalna iznajdba. Jernej Kopitar je na začetku postavil dve hipotezi v tej zadevi, prvič: kaj ko bi bili Slovenci imel glagolico že pred Cirilom, če ravno ne od sv. Hieronima? In drugič: kaj ko bi bil Ciril celo glagoliško abecedo sestavil s tem namenom, da ne bi Latinci črtili grške pisave in z njo vred Slovencev; kajti Grke so sovražili zavoljo razkolništva. Kopitar je tudi med prvimi ugotovil, da je glagolica starejša od cirilice, kar sta kasneje potrdila tudi slavna jezikoslovca Šafarik in Miklošič. Šafarik celo pravi, da pisave za bukvice ni bilo, pač pa so rabili tako imenovane »Rune«, to je črte in rise, ki so jih v les zarezovali in z njimi zaznamovali števila in druge izraze. Miklošič pa ugotavlja, da glagolica spada k tistim pisavam, ki so se razvile iz feničanskih pismenk in, ki so se razširile po celi Evropi. Pred smrtjo je Šafarik sprejel Miklošičevo obrazložitev.

The Person-Case Constraint (PCC) is a ban on co-occurrence of different case and person feature combinations of phonologically weak elements such as clitics, agreement affixes and weak pronouns, which is observed in many languages. In recent literature it has received a number of syntactic treatments in terms of feature-checking. This paper presents a previously unattested PCC pattern from Slovenian, where the freedom in the linear order of clitics gives
rise to both standard Weak and Strong PCC patterns as well as “inverse” PCC patterns in which the restrictions on the accusative (DO) and dative (IO) clitic are reverse from the one in the standard PCC patterns. It is shown that the PCC is unrelated to Case assignment, contrary to what most current syntactic accounts assume. To deal with this and a new approach to the PCC is proposed, which based on valuation of person features on clitic and weak pronouns through Agree with a functional head.

The article deals with two basic verbs of visual perception in Slovene and Russian. It includes a contrastive analysis of constructions containing videti/видеть 'to see', that denote predominantly static and unconscious perception, and constructions with gledati/смотреть 'to watch', that express dynamically directed perception. The languages differ with regard to the syntactic possibilities of including these verbs in different interpretation frames. They can be used in constructions that take the Experiencer as a focused subject or in constructions that promote Stimulus to the role of the subject.

The paper proposes a new type of control configuration: perspectival control. This involves control of a non-argument PRO that combines with a directive modal operator in the Mood domain. This PRO encodes the individual to whom the public commitments associated with the modal are anchored, and its presence can be detected in the syntax through a subject obviation effect. The empirical focus of the paper are Slovenian directive clauses (imperatives and subjunctives), but the analysis is shown to have implications for analyses of other languages as well as theories of directive clauses and the representation of discourse related information in the syntax.

This article deals with the usage of Slovenian naj and Russian pust’ (пусть). The first part presents a classification of constructions in which naj and pust’ function as particles. Both languages use the respective particle in an indicative, third-person construction that may denote either an indirect incentive (jussive) or express meanings that are related to the imperative mood (i.e., expressing a wish, conveying consensus, approval, or permission). As a peculiarity of the Slovenian naj, I highlight the constructions with a particle and conditional (naj bi), which may signify a low degree of probability (epistemic usage) or forward information from another source (evidential usage). The second part of the article discusses the usage of the lexemes naj and pust’ as conjunctions. The key difference between these lexical items is that naj has been grammaticalized into a complementizer that in connection with imperative verbs introduces object dependent clauses.

The article presents the results of the research on development of health literacy factors among members of the Slovenian and Italian national minorities in the Slovenian-Italian border region. It included 186 respondents, who have always lived in the traditional area of their minority and have not moved beyond the state border. Through quantitative analysis, the authors established that both minorities have higher level of health literacy compared to the rest of population. Age has an important role in understanding medical documentation and information, as does education on understanding of instructions for taking medicines and maintaining health. The resulting predictor, preventing and identifying disease symptoms, suggests that members of the national minorities should be better trained in healthy lifestyle.

Настоящее пособие представляет собой расширенный переработанный текст пособия «Именное словообразование в словенском языке XVI-XVIII веков» (2010) и содержит полное систематическое описание суффиксального словообразования имён существительных в словенском языке указанного периода.

Введены главы, анализирующие словообразование в текстах М. Кастельца и Ф. Пагловца. Пособие построено на основе редких книг XVI-XVIII веков. В структурно-типологическом плане с применением методов лингвостатистического анализа проводится сопоставление с текстами на церковнославянском языке.

Для студентов, магистрантов, аспирантов, изучающих славянские языки.

In the article, I examine two diverse processes that contribute to state-building, but are quite different. Nation-building, in the sense of the established definition of this term, is initiated by an already established state. As an example of such nation-building, I examine the building of the Yugoslav nation, which was initiated by the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) as a state. Another process I examine means consolidating the nation’s consciousness by imagining a nation within its own territory, which ultimately means in its own state. In this case, the idea of a nation is not triggered by the state and does not mean "nation-building" in the established sense of the term. As an example of such a conception of the nation, I consider the imagining of the Slovene state in the 1980s, i.e. within the context of the SFRY. To trigger nation-building processes, the state has at its disposal apparatus that carries out "top-down" propaganda campaigns. If a nation does not yet have its own state, but wants one, then in the circumstances of the existing political formation it carries out state-building processes "from the bottom up". As the Yugoslav political formation weakened, so too did the building of the Yugoslav nation, which took place through the formation of a political collective memory, especially through the medium of war films and the celebration of Youth Day. Representations that consolidated other collective identities with ultimate visions in national political emancipations entered this “emptied locus”. In the case of Slovenia, a concrete call to imagine the Slovenian nation-state was presented in 1987 with contributions for the Slovenian national program, published in the 57th issue of Nova revija. In addition to the concrete political program, other processes took place that strengthened the Slovene national identity by producing a representation of the Slovene nation in its own country, which in the next step became the idea of the state of the Slovene nation. In this sense, the advertising campaigns of Studio marketing Delo were important; especially those that advertised Slovenia as a tourist destination.

This article discusses Drago Jančar's 1997 essay, Adam Michnik ali premišljevanje o Poljski (Adam Michnik; Or, Reflections on Poland). The essay was translated into Polish first by Joanna Pomorska (2001) and then, about two decades later, by Nikodem Szczygłowski. The aim of the article is to interpret Jančar's essay in light of ongoing changes to the political situation in Europe and to evaluate to what extent the political context influences the interpretation of the work in question.

The aim of this study was to determine the level of stress that managers experience at workplace, and to determine possible differences between the selected independent variables, including gender, age and participation in recreational sports, and the level of occupational stress experienced. Methods: We studied a sample of 85 managers from randomly selected Slovene companies. The data obtained were processed by the SPSS computer programme and analysed by the following statistical methods: descriptive statistics and frequency distribution for variables; t-test to examine the statistical significance of differences between the genders concerning the experience of stress symptoms; and ANOVA to examine statistical significance of differences between age groups and physical activity of groups in terms of stress symptoms. All our statistically significant conclusions were drawn at a 95% confidence interval. Results: The participants assessed their work-related stress as moderate. There were no statistically significant differences in their experiencing of occupational stress with respect to the selected socio-demographic variables, i.e. gender and age. However, the participating managers differed significantly in two variables, i.e. participation in recreational sports activities and experience of occupational stress. The lowest level of stress was experienced by managers practicing recreational sports at least three times a week, and the highest in those not engaged in any recreational sports activities. Conclusion: Managers who often experience stress need to adopt healthier, more physically active, lifestyles. Izvirni znanstveni ~lanek UDK 616.89:796.035 Izvle~ek Namen: Ugotavljali smo stopnjo stresa, ki ga managerji do`ivljajo pri svojem delu, identificirali stresorje, ki delujejo na delovnem mestu managerja, ter ugotavljali morebitne razlike med izbranimi neodvisnimi spremenljivkami (spol, starost, udele`ba pri {portnih dejavnosti) in do`ivljanjem stresa pri managerjih, povezanega z delom. Metode: V raziskavo smo vklju~ili 85 managerjev naklju~no izbranih slovenskih podjetij. Podatki so bili obdelani s pomo~jo statisti~nega programom SPSS za Windows. Uporabljene so bile naslednje statisti~ne metode obdelave podatkov: deskriptivna statistika ter frekven~na porazdelitev za spremenljivke, t-test in enosmerna analiza variance za preverjanje statisti~ne pomembnosti razlik med izbranimi neodvisnimi spremenljivkami in do`ivljanjem z delom povezanega stresa. Vse statisti~no zna~ilne zaklju~ke smo sprejemali pri 5-ostotnem tveganju. Rezultati: Managerji, udele`eni v raziskavo, v povpre~ju ocenjujejo svoje delo kot zmerno stresno. Prav tako je bilo ugotovljeno, da ne obstajajo statisti~no zna~ilne razlike v do`ivljanju z delom povezanega stresa glede na izbrane socio-demografske spremenljivke -spol in starost. Statisti~no pomembne razlike se pojavljajo pri do`ivljanju z delom

Izvleček V pričujoči seminarski nalogi bom predstavil listino št. 425 iz zbirke listin (1163-1868). Listina je nastala leta 1414 in jo je bratom Lambergar podelil Ernest Železni, ki je bil prav tistega leta kot zadnji ustoličen na koroški vojvodski prestol. Za lažje razumevanje bom v nalogi najprej predstavil čas ustoličevanja in družino Lambergar, kot glavne akterje pričujoče listine. V glavnem delu pa bom na podlagi transkripcije, listino še prevedel in jo opisal. Posesti, ki jih podeljuje nadvojvoda Ernest Juriju Lambergarju, sicer začetniku gutenberško – kamenske dinastije se večinoma nahajajo v okolici Kranja in Škofjeloškega hribovja. Vsi kraji so v nalogi prevedeni in jih je moč tudi danes najti na zemljevidu. Naj omenim še to, da mi je ob analizi listine uspelo odkriti napako, ki omenja družino Lambergar kot gospode Metliške. Več v nadaljevanju.

The paper deals with the Slovenian comitative constructions that encode two human participants who fulfil the same semantic role and are involved in the same event. It analyses their formal and semantic characteristics. A special focus of our analysis is put on the role of the dual in these constructions. We examine the impact of the different parameters (pronouns, predicate form, gender and linear order) on the interpretation of the referents’ number in the comitative constructions.

Slovenian has been argued to embed imperatives more freely than other languages. We argue that the phenomenon is subject to semantic constraints that have been overlooked in the previous literature and that shed light on the semantics of imperatives in general.

В статье рассматриваются формальные, смысловые и коммуникативно-прагматические особенности субъектно-имперсональных рефлексивных конструкций в словенском языке. Предметом исследования являются конструкции с возвратными формами невозвратных глаголов (Nekoč se je veliko delalo ‘В прошлом много работали’), связанные с невыраженным произвольным агенсом-человеком и передающие хабитуальные или итеративные действия, а также способные выражать деонтическую модальность. Подобные конструкции, характерные для южно- и западнославянского ареалов, могут трансформироваться в активные личные конструкции {Nekoč so ljudje veliko delali ‘В прошлом люди много работали’). Субъектный имперсонал мы сравниваем с другими безличными и пассивными конструкциями в словенском языке, контрастивно рассматривая их особенности на фоне подобных конструкций других южнославянских языков, а также русского языка.

The article discusses the reception of Mark Twain and his works in serial publications by Slovenian immigrants in the United States of America. The analysis encompassed writings published in newspapers and magazines with different ideological orientations, from the beginning of the 20th century to mid-century. The article compares Twain's reception in left-wing and right-wing publications and furthermore discusses the extent to which the reception was affected by the contemporary political situation in the United States.

V prispevku so v okviru kartografskega pristopa obravnavana večkratna k-vprašanja v slovenščini. Na podlagi raziskave o sprejemljivosti različnih zaporedjih vprašalnic v slovenskem jeziku ter podatkov o vrstnih redih vprašalnic glede na žariščne in tematične zveze je predlagana struktura levega stavčnega obrobja večkratnih k-vprašanj v slovenščini. Pokazano je, da se na prvem mestu leve periferije večkratnih k-vprašanj vedno pojavi vprašalnica, medtem ko je vrstni red žariščnih in tematičnih zvez prost. Prost je tudi vrstni red k-zvez.