Operator

National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (NTRA) has investigated the telecommunication performance in the service providers in Egypt between the periods of February 2018 till February 2019. Fraud is a multi-billions pounds' problem around the world. The problem is the huge financial loss of revenue that can affect the trustworthiness and performance of the telecommunication corporate. Egypt is one of the developing countries that are witnessing a rapid-growth development in its telecommunications infrastructure. As a result of the increment rate of corporate and internet users, fraudsters are exploiting the vulnerabilities to gain illegal revenue through the subscribers. The telecommunications sector in Egypt has suffered in the last two decades from different types of telecom fraud cases which have damaged the financial sector in both telecommunication side and governmental side. In this paper, we present: a) Statistical insights on users, mobile operators and Internet companies for the telecommunications sector in Egypt in 2018/2019. b) An illustration for the common fraudulent methodologies that are used against both users and telecom operators in Egypt. c) A discussion on the consequences of fraud cases with a suggested framework as a proactive methodology to prevent the escalated threat of telecom fraud.

In practice punctuality of transit service has been a chronic operational problem mainly due to the random environment and very high complexity of the public transport processes. This challenging problem affects both travellers (reliability of service) as well as operators (productivity and efficiency of resources utilization). The potential of new information and communication technologies and existing hardware possibilities offer great opportunities for the development of effective and flexible management and control tools for public transport. In this paper the simulation decision-support tool for dynamic optimal dispatching control purposes have been developed, with the use of the SIMULINK package with Toolboxes. The following optimal dispatching control problems have been solved: punctuality control (which compensates deviations from schedule), regularity control (which compensates deviations from regular headway) and synchronizing control with linear (LQ, dead-beat) feedback and control and system state constraints; LQG stochastic control with real-time estimation of the model parameters; and bus route zone control for synchronising passenger transfers or the operation of different lines on common segments of the route. The results presented are illustrated by 15 numerical examples. 0

1. Introduction 2. Integrable dynamical systems 3. Synopsis of integrable systems 4. Algebraic methods 5. Analytical methods 6. The closed Toda chain 7. The Calogero-Moser model 8. Isomonodromic deformations 9. Grassmannian and integrable hierarchies 10. The KP hierarchy 11. The KdV hierarchy 12. The Toda field theories 13. Classical inverse scattering method 14. Symplectic geometry 15. Riemann surfaces 16. Lie algebras Index.

In this paper, variants of the classical Toeplitz operators on H 2 are studied. A characterization is obtained for the bounded, harmonic symbols giving rise to a bounded Toeplitz operator on a Dirichlet-type space. The relationship between the characterizing condition and multipliers of the holomorphic and harmonic Dirichlet spaces is examined.

In 1961, Jacob and Monod proposed the operon model for gene regulation based on metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli [1]. This proposal was followed by an explication of allosteric behavior by Monod and colleagues [2]. The operon model rationally depicted how genetic mechanisms can control metabolic events in response to environmental stimuli via coordinated transcription of a set of genes with related function (e.g. metabolism of lactose). The allosteric response found in the lactose repressor and many other proteins has been extended to a variety of cellular signaling pathways in all organisms. These two models have shaped our view of modern molecular biology and captivated the attention of a surprisingly broad range of scientists. More recently, the lactose repressor monomer was used as a model system for experimental and theoretical explorations of protein folding mechanisms. Thus, the lac system continues to advance our molecular understanding of genetic control and the relationship between sequence, structure and function.

To date, there is no Federal legislation requiring the certification of WWTP operators; therefore, the need and requirements of WWTP operator certification is left solely to the discretion of the States. An extensive literature review was conducted aimed at uncovering how Federal policy, national trends, and Illinois policy have evolved regarding the development of WWTP operator training and certification programs. An overview of historical and current policies and legislation regarding WWTP operators in Illinois and at a national level is presented. The following is a list of challenges and issues currently facing operators and the wastewater industry: certification program sustainability and funding, reciprocity, access to training, recertification, and developing a pipeline for the next generation of operators. This report concludes with a discussion of Illinois's certification process with respect to some of the aforementioned challenges and offers recommendations. Further research possibilities are introduced.

This paper is an attempt to clarify the status of discourse markers. These lexical expressions have been studied under various labels, including discourse markers, discourse connectives, discourse operators, pragmatic connectives, sentence connectives, and cue phrases. Although most researchers agree that they are expressions which relate discourse segments, there is no agreement on how they are to be defined or how they function.After reviewing prior theoretical research, I define discourse markers as a class of lexical expressions drawn primarily from the syntactic classes of conjunctions, adverbs, and prepositional phrases. With certain exceptions, they signal a relationship between the interpretation of the segment they introduce, S2, and the prior segment, S1. They have a core meaning, which is procedural, not conceptual, and their more specific interpretation is ‘negotiated’ by the context, both linguistic and conceptual. There are two types: those that relate the explicit interpretation conveyed by S2 with some aspect associated with the segment, S1; and those that relate the topic of S2 to that of S1. I conclude by presenting what appears to be the major classes according to their function.

deepest thanks goes to my friends and family, especially my parents, Howard and Wendy, for their support and encouragement. Warm thanks also to the many other people who have contributed to this Dissertation, especially Carl Caves, who has been a terrific mentor, colleague, and friend; to Gerard Milburn, who got me started in physics, in research, and in quantum information; and to Ben Schumacher, whose boundless enthusiasm and encouragement has provided so much inspiration for my research. Throughout my graduate career I have had the pleasure of many enjoyable and helpful discussions with

The canonical operator quantisation formulation corresponding to the Klauder-Daubechies construction of the phase space path integral is considered. This formulation is explicitly applied and solved in the case of the harmonic oscillator, thereby illustrating in a manner complementary to Klauder and Daubechies' original work some of the promising features offered by their construction of a quantum dynamics. The Klauder-Daubechies functional integral involves a regularisation parameter eventually taken to vanish, which defines a new physical time scale. When extrapolated to the field theory context, besides providing a new regularisation of short distance divergences, keeping a finite value for that time scale offers some tantalising prospects when it comes to strong gravitational quantum systems.

In this work we present a detailed study of the Fermion Monte Carlo algorithm (FMC), a recently proposed stochastic method for calculating fermionic ground-state energies. A proof that the FMC method is an exact method is given. In this work the stability of the method is related to the difference between the lowest (bosonic-type) eigenvalue of the FMC diffusion operator and the exact fermi energy. It is shown that within a FMC framework the lowest eigenvalue of the new diffusion operator is no longer the bosonic ground-state eigenvalue as in standard exact Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) schemes but a modified value which is strictly greater. Accordingly, FMC can be viewed as an exact DMC method built from a correlated diffusion process having a reduced Bose-Fermi gap. As a consequence, the FMC method is more stable than any transient method (or nodal release-type approaches). It is shown that the most recent ingredient of the FMC approach [M.H. Kalos and F. Pederiva, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3547 (2000)], namely the introduction of non-symmetric guiding functions, does not necessarily improve the stability of the algorithm. We argue that the stability observed with such guiding functions is in general a finite-size population effect disappearing for a very large population of walkers. The counterpart of this stability is a control population error which is different in nature from the standard Diffusion Monte Carlo algorithm and which is at the origin of an uncontrolled approximation in FMC. We illustrate the various ideas presented in this work with calculations performed on a very simple model having only nine states but a full "sign problem". Already for this toy model it is clearly seen that FMC calculations are inherently uncontrolled.

The widespread implementation of advanced and complex systems requires predominantly operators' cognitive functions and less importance of human manual control. On the other hand, most operators perform their cognitive functions below their peak cognitive capacity level due to fatigue, stress, and boredom. Thus, there is a need to improve their cognitive functions during work. The goal of this paper is to present a psychophysiology training approach derived from cardiovascular response named heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback. Description of resonant frequency biofeedback -a specific HRV training protocol -is discussed as well as its supported researches for the performance enhancement. HRV biofeedback training works by teaching people to recognize their involuntary HRV and to control patterns of this physiological response.

Resumen — El presente trabajo presenta el desarrollo de una plataforma robótica móvil que permite precautelar la integridad de rescatistas apoyándolos en sus labores de búsqueda y asistencia, lo cual ha permitido dotar de una alternativa tecnológica a los equipos dedicados a dichas tareas inmediatamente después de un eventual sismo o un incendio de baja escala. La implementación de la plataforma robótica móvil consto del sistema mecánico, eléctrico-electrónico y una interfaz de control inalámbrica para la operación y transmisión de video del robot móvil. El diseño del sistema mecánico permitió implementar una plataforma móvil que ingrese a terrenos complejos además, un brazo robótico con 4 grados de libertad cuyas funciones son la entrega de kits de primeros auxilios y la manipulación del sistema de mitigación de incendios. El sistema eléctrico-electrónico se encarga de controlar los actuadores electromecánicos del sistema. El sistema de supervisión y monitoreo utiliza dos cámaras sobre el robot que transmiten el video a monitores externos o dispositivos móviles. Las pruebas de campo se realizaron en el centro de capacitación y entrenamiento de la empresa pública EMBA-EP, lo cual permitió validar el funcionamiento de la plataforma. .Palabras Clave-lazo cerrado; operador; comunicación; radio frecuencia, incendio. Abstract —Mobile robotic platform that allows the search of people after an earthquake has occurred along with a low-scale fire mitigation system was presented. The mechanical, electrical-electronic system and a wireless control interface for the operation and transmission of video of the mobile robot have been developed. The design of the mechanical system allowed the implementation of a mobile platform that enters complex terrains and a robotic arm with 4 degrees of freedom whose functions are the delivery of first aid kits and the manipulation of the fire mitigation system. The electrical-electronic system is in charge of controlling the electromechanical actuators of the system. The supervision and monitoring system uses two cameras on the robot that transmit the video to external monitors or mobile devices. This allows safeguard the integrity of rescuers by supporting them in their search and assistance tasks providing a technological alternative to the teams dedicated to solve this problems. Field tests were carried out at the training and training center of the public company EMBA-EP, which allowed validating the operation of the platform. .

In the present research, human errors existed in tasks of operators working in two control rooms (Northern and Southern control rooms) in the Tehran oil refinery are identified and evaluated. Then, corrective strategies and actions are advised to decrease errors. At first, using hierarchical task analysis (HTA) method, four positions including shift controller, head operators, control room's operators, and outside operators are analyzed. Afterwards, human errors in the considered positions are identified and assessed using technique for retrospective and predictive analysis of cognitive errors (TRACEr). Results present 670

The 21st century has witnessed a number of incredible changes ranging from the way of life and the technologies that emerged. Currently, we have entered a new paradigm shift called industry 4.0 where science fictions have become science facts, and technology fusion is the main driver. Therefore, ensuring that any advancement in technology reach and benefit all is the ideal opportunity for everyone. In this paper, disruptive technologies of industry 4.0 have been explored and quantified in terms of the number of their appearances in literature. This research mainly aimed at identifying industry 4.0 key technologies which have been ill-defined by previous researchers and to enlighten the required skills of industry 4.0. Comprehensive literature survey covering the field of engineering, production, and management from both academia and business was done from publication databases: Google scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Sage, Taylor & Francis and Emerald insight. The results of the stud...

The aim of this project was to discover and extract the Evolutionary Algorithms in a Fortune-telling document attributed to Shaikh Bahaʼi. This document accounts for a model of formal languages where there exists accurate and proportionate relationships between the symbolic systems of Language and Mathematics. This systematic relationship increases the face complexity of the document while it eases the access to the final response quickly and easily. The alphabets using through the tables are the letters of Persian alphabet, not the Abjad alphabets. By studying the tables and extracting the mathematical relations between the letters and the numbers, the arrangement and gaining response mechanisms of the document are shown. They are compatible with EA model...

The Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis (CJT) effective action for composite operators at finite temperature is used to investigate the chiral phase transition within the framework of the linear sigma model as the low-energy effective model of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). A new renormalization prescription for the CJT effective action in the Hartree-Fock (HF) approximation is proposed. A numerical study, which incorporates both thermal and quantum effect, shows that in this approximation the phase transition is of first order. However, taking into account the higher-loop diagrams contribution the order of phase transition is unchanged.

Surface codes describe quantum memory stored as a global property of interacting spins on a surface. The state space is fixed by a complete set of quasi-local stabilizer operators and the code dimension depends on the first homology group of the surface complex. These code states can be actively stabilized by measurements or, alternatively, can be prepared by cooling to the ground subspace of a quasi-local spin Hamiltonian. In the case of spin-1/2 (qubit) lattices, such ground states have been proposed as topologically protected memory for qubits. We extend these constructions to lattices or more generally cell complexes with qudits, either of prime level or of level d ℓ for d prime and ℓ ≥ 0, and therefore under tensor decomposition, to arbitrary finite levels. The Hamiltonian describes an exact Z d ∼ = Z/dZ gauge theory whose excitations correspond to abelian anyons. We provide protocols for qudit storage and retrieval and propose an interferometric verification of topological order by measuring quasi-particle statistics.

a b s t r a c t Let AðpÞ; p 2 N, be a class of functions f : f ðzÞ ¼ z p þ P 1 k¼pþn a k z k analytic in the open unit disc E. We use Carlson-Shaffer operator for p-valent functions to define and study certain classes of analytic functions. Inclusion results, a radius problem and some other interesting properties are discussed. . In (1.2), we use Pochhammer symbol ðkÞ k or the shifted factorial which is defined as

Este artículo estudia los adverbios que marcan preferencia. Estos seleccionan un elemento que el hablante elige de un paradigma. Se describe su comportamiento en los niveles informativo, argumentativo y enunciativo.

This article study the adverb which mark preference. They select an element that the speaker choose into a paradigm. The author describes their behaviour in the level of the information, argumentation and enunciation.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notions of two operators and induced by fuzzy grill G on a fuzzy m-space. A new fuzzy topology is obtained with the help of non-fuzzy topological space (fuzzy m-space) and the basic properties of the induced topology are studied. Then a sort of suitability condition of fuzzy grill with fuzzy m-space is formulated.

Let v be a real polynomial of even degree, and let ρ be the equilibrium probability measure for v with support S; so that, v(x) ≥ 2 log |x−y| ρ(dy)+C v for some constant C v with equality on S. Then S is the union of finitely many bounded intervals with endpoints δ j , and ρ is given by an algebraic weight w(x) on S. The system of orthogonal polynomials for w gives rise to the Magnus-Schlesinger differential equations. This paper identifies the τ function of this system with the Hankel determinant det[ x j+k ρ(dx)] n−1 j,k=0 of ρ. The solutions of the Magnus-Schlesinger equations are realised by a linear system, which is used to compute the tau function in terms of a Gelfand-Levitan equation. The tau function is associated with a potential q and a scattering problem for the Schrödinger operator with potential q. For some algebro-geometric q, the paper solves the scattering problem in terms of linear systems. The theory extends naturally to elliptic curves and resolves the case where S has exactly two intervals. MSC (2000) classification: 60B20 (37K15)

We study the BMN correspondence between certain Penrose limits of type IIB superstrings on pp-wave orbifolds with ADE geometries, and the set of four-dimensional N = 2 superconformal field theories constructed as quiver gauge models classified by finite ADE Lie algebras and affine ADE Kac-Moody algebras. These models have 16 preserved supercharges and are based on systems of D3-branes and wrapped D5-and D7-branes. We derive explicitly the metrics of these pp-wave orbifolds and show that the BMN extension requires, in addition to D5-D5 open strings in bi-fundamental representations, D5-D7 open strings involving orientifolds with Sp(N ) gauge symmetry. We also give the correspondence rule between leading string states and gauge-invariant operators in the N = 2 quiver gauge models.

This paper concerns the reconstruction of the absorption and scattering parameters in a time-dependent linear transport equation from knowledge of angularly averaged measurements performed at the boundary of a domain of interest. We show that the absorption coefficient and the spatial component of the scattering coefficient are uniquely determined by such measurements. We obtain stability results on the reconstruction of the absorption and scattering parameters with respect to the measured albedo operator. The stability results are obtained by a precise decomposition of the measurements into components with different singular behavior in the time domain. and [email protected] results were announced in [1] when measurements are available in the modulation frequency variable, which is the dual (Fourier) variable to the time variable.

The frame concept was first introduced by Duffin and Schaeffer (1952), and it is widely used today to describe the behavior of vectors for signal representation. The Gabor (1946) expansion and wavelet transform are two special well-known cases. The goal of this article is to describe the frame theory and introduce a simple tutorial method to find discrete finite frame operators and their frame bounds. An easily implementable method for finding the discrete finite frame and subframe operators has been presented by Kaiser (1994). We introduce the method of Kaiser to compute the discrete finite frame operator. Using subframe operators, the biorthogonal basis and projection vectors in a subspace can be easily calculated. Gabor and wavelet analysis are two popular tools for signal processing, and they can reveal time-frequency distribution for a nonstationary signal. Both schemes can be regarded as signal decompositions onto a set of basis functions, and their basis functions are derived from a single prototype function through simple operations. Therefore, the basis functions used in Gabor and wavelet analysis can be regarded as special frames. For completeness we also make some simple introductions on the results of special frames such as discrete Gabor and wavelet analysis

We investigate a lattice version of the Yang-Lee model which is characterized by a non-Hermitian quantum spin chain Hamiltonian. We propose a new way to implement PT -symmetry on the lattice, which serves to guarantee the reality of the spectrum in certain regions of values of the coupling constants. In that region of unbroken PT -symmetry we construct a Dyson map, a metric operator and find the Hermitian counterpart of the Hamiltonian for small values of the number of sites, both exactly and perturbatively. Besides the standard perturbation theory about the Hermitian part of the Hamiltonian, we also carry out an expansion in the second coupling constant of the model.

The 21st century has witnessed a number of incredible changes ranging from the way of life and the technologies that emerged. Currently, we have entered a new paradigm shift called industry 4.0 where science fictions have become science facts, and technology fusion is the main driver. Therefore, ensuring that any advancement in technology reach and benefit all is the ideal opportunity for everyone. In this paper, disruptive technologies of industry 4.0 have been explored and quantified in terms of the number of their appearances in literature. This research mainly aimed at identifying industry 4.0 key technologies which have been ill-defined by previous researchers and to enlighten the required skills of industry 4.0. Comprehensive literature survey covering the field of engineering, production, and management from both academia and business was done from publication databases: Google scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Sage, Taylor & Francis and Emerald insight. The results of the stud...

In practice punctuality of transit service has been a chronic operational problem mainly due to the random environment and very high complexity of the public transport processes. This challenging problem affects both travellers (reliability of service) as well as operators (productivity and efficiency of resources utilization). The potential of new information and communication technologies and existing hardware possibilities offer great opportunities for the development of effective and flexible management and control tools for public transport. In this paper the simulation decision-support tool for dynamic optimal dispatching control purposes have been developed, with the use of the SIMULINK package with Toolboxes. The following optimal dispatching control problems have been solved: punctuality control (which compensates deviations from schedule), regularity control (which compensates deviations from regular headway) and synchronizing control with linear (LQ, dead-beat) feedback and control and system state constraints; LQG stochastic control with real-time estimation of the model parameters; and bus route zone control for synchronising passenger transfers or the operation of different lines on common segments of the route. The results presented are illustrated by 15 numerical examples. 0

Let 8 denote the set of bounded linear operators T, acting on a separable Hubert space % such that T* Tand T+T* commute. It is shown that such operators are G,. A complete structure theory is developed for the case when o(T) does not intersect the real axis. Using this structure theory, several nonhyponormal operators in 8 with special properties are constructed.

In the food industry, controlling sensory properties on the manufacturing line represents a key issue for companies, because sensory properties influence consumer choice and preference. Pertinent control of a sensory property depends on the reliability of the measurements of the sensory variables involved in how it is perceived. The browning variable is an important sensory variable assessed by an operator to control the visual quality of browned products. In this paper, we propose a diagnosis model that relies on the fuzzy symbolic approach to ensure reliable measurement of the browning variable. The browning variable is broken down into descriptive variables, which are formalized by sensory indicators. These variables are assessed by the operators with repeatability indexes higher than 90%. The diagnosis model was validated on a database with a percentage of compatibility of 92% at a sensitivity level of half a symbol.

This paper introduces two models on procedures and safety and assesses the practical consequences these have for organizations trying to make progress on safety through procedures. The application of procedures is contrasted as rote rule following versus substantive cognitive activity. It reveals a fundamental double bind: operators can fail to adapt procedures when adapting proved necessary, or attempt procedural adaptations that may fail. Rather than simply increasing pressure to comply, organizations should invest in their understanding of the gap between procedures and practice, and help develop operators' skill at adapting. r

An increase in computer-based control and the automation of functions direct to predominantly cognitive tasks assigned to the shop floor. To date, very few psychophysiology-based approaches used to teach the operators how to be relaxed and calm while maintaining cognitive focus on their work performance. The aim of this paper is to evaluate a novel psychophysiology (hear rate variability (HRV) Biofeedback) intervention protocol for the enhancement of cognitive performance. The HRV biofeedback protocol used in this study includes slow breathing technique at which the greatest amplitude of HRV achieved (5-6 breaths/minute at 0.1 Hz), and pursed-lips diaphragmatic breathing. Nine subjects underwent the 6 sessions of HRV biofeedback training. The analysis of Wilcoxon test revealed significant increase (p < 0.05) on stroop color-word, memory and arithmetic performance after biofeedback training across eight of nine subjects. This has been supported by significant change (p < 0.05) toward lower frequency (LF) oscillation which range from 0.05-0.15 Hz or approximately 5-6 breaths/minute over all sessions. In summary, HRV biofeedback led not only to the generation of highest amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia or HRV at 0.1 Hz, but also resulted in improvement of the operators' cognitive performance. This preliminary study shows promising application of HRV biofeedback in the area of workplace.

This paper concerns the modeling of imprecision, vagueness, and uncertainty in databases through an extension of the relational model of data: the fuzzy rough relational database, an approach which uses both fuzzy set and rough set theories for knowledge representation of imprecise data in a relational database model. The fuzzy rough relational database is formally defined, along with a fuzzy rough relational algebra for querying. Comparisons of theoretical properties of operators in this model with those in the standard relational model are discussed. An example application is used to illustrate other aspects of this model, including a fuzzy entity᎐relationship type diagram for database design, a fuzzy rough data definition language, and an SQL-like query language supportive of the fuzzy rough relational database model. This example also illustrates the ease of use of the fuzzy rough relational database, which often produces results that are better than those of conventional databases since it more accurately models the uncertainty of real-world enterprises than do conventional databases through the use of indiscernibility and fuzzy membership values. ᮊ

Abstract. In this paper we study mapping properties of the Bergman pro-jection P, ie which function spaces or classes are preserved by P. It is shown that the Bergman projection is of weak type (1, 1) and bounded on the Orlicz space Lϕ(D, dA) iff Lϕ(D, dA) is reflexive. So the dual ...

Although claim that unlike dou, quan is a domain restrictor without any quantificational or distributive force, in this paper, we will argue that in addition to being a domain restrictor, quan has to be analysed as a universal quantifier, hence a dual-function operator, when (a) there is an appropriate quantificational domain, contributed by either a set of individuals denoted by plural NPs or a set of degree triggered by the predicate, and there exist no other adverbial quantifiers or distributive operators occurring to the right of quan; (b) when quan follows dou; and (c) there exists a focus in the sentence with which quan associates. Ambiguity would arise when quan functions as both a domain restrictor and a universal quantifier. Our analysis can account for not only the similarities between quan and dou, but also, more importantly, their differences in semantic properties and sentence distributions.

Communication between distant DNA sites is a central feature of many DNA transactions. Negative regulation of the galactose (gal) operon of Escherichia coli requires repressor binding to two operator sites located on opposite sides of the promoter. The proposed mechanism for regulation involves binding of the repressor to both operator sites, followed by a protein-protein association that loops the intervening promoter DNA (double occupancy plus association). To assess these requirements in vivo, we have previously converted gal operator sites to lac and shown that both operator sites must be occupied by the homologous repressor protein (Lac or Gal) for negative regulation of the gal operon. We have now addressed more directly the need for protein-protein association by the use of the converted operator sites and a mutant Lac repressor defective in association of the DNA-binding dimers. We have compared the biological and biochemical activity of two Lac repressors: the wild-type (te...

Exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) may cause health problems, e.g. lumbago. The risk will depend on intensity and duration. Exposure to WBV in vehicles varies due to several factors as the vehicle type, the terrain condition, the driver, the speed etc. To estimate the health risk, the measurement strategy has to consider this variation. Furthermore, to understand the importance of different preventive strategies, the cause of the variation has to be known. The objective of this study was to describe variation in exposure to seated WBV during occupational operation of forwarder vehicles and to investigate sources for variation. WBV was measured in 10 various terrain types for seven forwarders operated by 11 drivers. For each driver there were between four and 35 measurements. The measurement periods varied between 0.2 and 34 min. The vibration total value ða v Þ and total vibration dose value (VDV t) were determined. Results showed that WBV exposure varied considerably and that this variation could result in different conclusions regarding health risk assessments. The highest magnitudes were achieved during travelling activities. During travelling empty, variations in a v were significantly dependent upon forwarder model and terrain type. No significant predictor for variation in VDV t was however found for travelling empty. During travelling loaded the forwarder model and operator were the most important predictors for variation in a v. Variation in VDV t was also dependent on the forwarder model during travelling loaded. Relevance to industry: To estimate the health risk from exposure to WBV in forwarders, the results suggests that exposure assessment strategies should include several measurements on the same forwarder and driver during various operational conditions. The results also indicate that both r.m.s.-magnitude and VDV shall be used for risk assessment, since they are influenced by various factors. Selecting another forwarder model can reduce the magnitude of WBV during travelling, suggesting opportunity for technical improvements. During travelling empty, WBV magnitude can be

A new formulation of the immersed boundary method with a structure algebraically identical to the traditional fractional step method is presented for incompressible flow over bodies with prescribed surface motion. Like previous methods, a boundary force is applied at the immersed surface to satisfy the no-slip constraint. This extra constraint can be added to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations by introducing regularization and interpolation operators. The current method gives prominence to the role of the boundary force acting as a Lagrange multiplier to satisfy the no-slip condition. This role is analogous to the effect of pressure on the momentum equation to satisfy the divergence-free constraint. The current immersed boundary method removes slip and non-divergence-free components of the velocity field through a projection. The boundary force is determined implicitly without any constitutive relations allowing the present formulation to use larger CFL numbers compared to some past methods. Symmetry and positive-definiteness of the system are preserved such that the conjugate gradient method can be used to solve for the flow field. Examples show that the current formulation achieves second-order temporal accuracy and better than first-order spatial accuracy in L 2 -norms for oneand two-dimensional test problems. Results from two-dimensional simulations of flows over stationary and moving cylinders are in good agreement with those from previous experimental and numerical studies.

We introduced a family of infinite graphs directly associated with a class of von Neumann automaton model AG. These are finite state models used in symbolic dynamics: stimuli models and in control theory. In the context of groupoid von Neumann algebras, and an associated fractal group, we prove a classification theorem for representations of automata.

Digital Cinema (DC) consists of integration of new advanced digital technologies in the context of the cinema system. As regards the transport of DC content towards theatres, Distributors may select the method that is both economically and technically sound.