Objective Genitive Research Papers

The Apostle Paul provided Titus and Timothy with a list of qualifications each prospective elder and deacon must possess before he could be considered for his respective office. The second requirement was that he be a “μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ”... more

The Apostle Paul provided Titus and Timothy with a list of qualifications each prospective elder and deacon must possess before he could be considered for his respective office. The second requirement was that he be a “μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ” (1 Tim 3:2, 12; cf. Titus 1:6) translated literally a “one–wife husband” or “one–woman man.” Similarly, before a widow could be added to the widows’ list, Paul required she had been a “ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή,” translated literally a “one–husband wife” or “one–man woman” (1 Tim 5:9). The correct interpretation of these two phrases and subsequent application has been hotly debated for centuries.

Most English translations render these phrases “the husband of one wife” and the “wife of one husband,” respectively. This implies an elder or deacon could not have multiple wives. But, does this accurately depict the message Paul communicated?

Since this particular phrase is only found four times in the New Testament and in every instance penned by the Apostle Paul, it must be translated the same in all four passages. If Paul’s intent was to communicate “quantity,” then a widow who followed Paul’s teaching and remarried (1 Cor 7:8–9; 1 Tim 5:14), and subsequently became a widow again would no longer be viewed as a “wife of one husband.” Consequently, she would be ineligible for the widows’ list.

I will show how this phrase is an anarthrous prenominal genitive. I will demonstrate how similar constructions occurring in the Septuagint and New Testament follow the same pattern found in ancient Greek papyri and ostraca. I will argue that according to Greek grammar, this anarthrous construction is likely performing a dative role. I will show how this option best speaks to the endemic problem rampant in the culture. I will conclude the most accurate translation should read, “Therefore the overseer must be above reproach, a husband who is faithful to [his] one wife…(1 Tim 3:2).” Likewise, 1 Timothy 5:9 should read, “Let a widow be put on the list if she is not less than sixty years of age, having been a wife who was faithful to [her] one husband.”

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- by Jeff Wipplinger
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- 4
  Objective Genitive, Elders, Prenominal Genitive, Church Deacons

In 1891 Johannes Haussleiter was the first biblical scholar to defend the subjective genitive translation of pistis christou and then it was almost half a century until only a few scholars addressed the issue again. Then in 1983 Richard... more

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- by Bryce Null
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- 8
  Pistis Christou, Douglas Campbell, Richard B. Hays, James D.G. Dunn

"Justiça de Deus mediante a fé em Jesus Cristo para todos os que creem". Romanos 3.22 É bem provável que o nosso leitor já tenha lido, estudado e quem sabe ensinado o texto de Romanos 3.22. Esse texto é bem conhecido entre os cristãos... more

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- by Marcelo Berti
- •
- 6
  New Testament, Romans, Biblical Exegesis, Subjective Genitive

This article mainly explores the usage of two attributive possessive constructions that are traditionally labeled the “Direct Genitive” and “Indirect Genitive” (in both cases, the notion “genitive” refers not to a morphological case but... more

This article mainly explores the usage of two attributive possessive constructions that are traditionally labeled the “Direct Genitive” and “Indirect Genitive” (in both cases, the notion “genitive” refers not to a morphological case but to an attributive possessive function). The former is a productive type of noun compound construction, the later is comparable to the English of-construction. The texts investigated are written in Égyptien de tradition, i.e., in an artificial emulation of “ancient” language in the later 2nd and 1st millennia BCE. Among other things, the article explores constructional as well as semantic influences on the choice of one or the other construction in the Book of Caverns (13th century BCE): (i) influences of constructional complexity of the two related nouns/noun phrases, (ii) the animacy of possessors, and (iii) the alienability of the possessive relation. In the course of this, the statistical impact of cases of “agentive possesseds” like, e.g., ‘ruler of the netherworld’ and “possessing possesseds” like, e.g., ‘possessor of a bier,’ is discussed, i.e., the impact of cases in which the possessed “controls” or possesses the possessor. Finally (iv), the attested “genitive” meanings are mapped onto a semantic map of possessive relations. The quantitative observations made are interpreted as the result of the application of a simple translation rule by which the ancient authors transformed genitive constructions of their contemporary language varieties into genitive constructions of Égyptien de tradition. This may also explain the fact that some patterns found are not perfectly in line with general typological expectations. Three miscellaneous sections deal with (i) a case of passive possession, (ii) cases of genitive constructions in which the analyses of the grammatical structure and the indications of the semantic structure via “phrase classifiers” do not go together, and (iii) a possessive construction that exhibits a curious hybrid of Earlier Egyptian grammar and Late Egyptian spelling habits.

This thesis examines the distinction between syntactic case and semantic case, part of a broader distinction between lexical and functional elements. Several tests, involving predication, nominalization, and iteration are proposed for... more

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- by Alan Libert
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- 19
  Languages and Linguistics, Semantics, Syntax, Formal syntax

Статья посвящена выбору падежа прямого объекта при глаголе с отрицанием в современных русских диалектах и в разговорной речи жителей Москвы и Санкт-Петербурга. Исследование, проведенное на материале восьми диалектных корпусов и устного... more

Статья посвящена выбору падежа прямого объекта при глаголе с отрицанием в современных русских диалектах и в разговорной речи жителей Москвы и Санкт-Петербурга. Исследование, проведенное на материале восьми диалектных корпусов и устного корпуса НКРЯ, показало, что процесс вытеснения генитива при отрицании аккузативом на разных территориях протекает неодинаково. Рассмотренные корпуса четко разделяются на два типа: генитивные (с преобладанием генитива при отрицании) и аккузативные (с преобладанием аккузатива). Генитивными оказываются севернорусские диалектные корпуса, которые по этому параметру противопоставляются средне-и южнорусским и устному корпусу НКРЯ. Рассмотрены разные факторы, влияющие на выбор падежа прямого объекта: усиление отрицания (слова и сочетания никакой, ни, ни один, ни… ни и др.), семантический класс глагола, дистантное отрицание, высокий референциальный статус именной группы. Показано, что на севере генитив сохраняется более устойчиво даже при наличии факторов, обусловливающих предпочтение аккузатива. Таким образом, широкое употребление генитива при отрицании может рассматриваться на современном этапе как маркер северной диалектной речи.

The article deals with the phenomenon of replacement of the accusative case in direct object position by the genitive case in the context of predicates under negation in modern Russian dialects and in the colloquial speech of residents of Moscow and St. Petersburg. The research considers the data of eight dialect corpora and the spoken subcorpus of the Russian National Corpus. It showed that the
process of displacement of the genitive under negation by the accusative in diff erent areals occurs in different ways. We got two types of corpora: the “genitive” type (with the predominance of the genitive
under negation) and the “accusative” type (with the predominance of the accusative). Northern Russian dialect corpora are “genitive”, the Central and Southern Russian dialect corpora and the standard language are “accusative”. We consider diff erent features which can defi ne the choice of the case of direct object: semantic class of verb, factors generally demanding the genitive (the premodifi er nikakoj
‘none’, the intensifi er ni, coordinating construction ni… ni ‘neither… nor’ etc.), and factors generally demanding the accusative (long-distance negation, animacy and defi niteness of the noun phrase). The
research showed that in the North Russian dialects, the genitive remains more stable even with the effect of features that determine the preference for the accusative. Thus, a broader usage of the genitive
under negation can be considered as a marker of Northern dialect speech.

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- by Anna Malysheva and +1
  Roman Ronko
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- 3
  Objective Genitive, Negation, Russian dialectology

This paper investigates the phenomenon of the substitution of the accusative case marking of the direct object of a transitive infinitive (or, rarely, participle) by the genitive when the non-finite clause is embedded under a negated... more

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- by Peter Arkadiev
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- 12
  Slavic Languages, Syntax, Baltic languages, Language Typology

В статье описываются синтаксис и семантика беспредложного генитива в конструкциях с количественным значением в южнорусском говоре. Анализ основывается на материале корпуса расшифрованных текстов. Рассматриваются количественные... more

Вариативное управление двумя объектными падежами - аккузативом и генитивом было свойственно многим русским глаголам на протяжении XI-XVII вв. В статье на материале современных архангельских говоров рассматриваются примеры генитива при... more

Firstly, this study considers critically the classical method of explaining genitives. Three shortcomings of this method are identified: the arbitrary classification of genitives, the non-verifiability of the definitions of genitives and... more

Firstly, this study considers critically the classical method of explaining genitives. Three shortcomings of this method are identified: the arbitrary classification of genitives, the non-verifiability of the definitions of genitives and the confusing use of terminology. The description of genitives in modern linguistics is subsequently discussed. lt is concluded that semantic back-transformations do clarify genitive constructions, but cannot be used to infer rules by which the classification of genitives can be controlled, because the morphological elements of a genitive construction are converted to semantic parts of speech. This changes the construction on the syntactic level. Most genitive constructions develop syntactically as follows: a co-ordinate principal clause is imbedded as a relative clause and then nominalized as a genitive. The morphological parts of speech are retained in this syntactic transformational process. Subsequently a verifiable method, called syntactic back-transformation, is developed to explain and classify genitives. ln a syntactic back-transformation the genitive and pregenitive are converted to a relative clause and its antecedent. Next the relative clause is converted again to a principal clause (the kernel sentence). Syntactic back-transformational rules are formulated by comparing the genitive construction with the kernel sentence. These rules describe from which elements in the kernel the genitive and pregenitive develop. All genitive constructions which comply with the same back-transformational rule are grouped together. These rules can be used to test whether a genitive construction belongs to a certain class or not. Finally, the formulated rules are tested and modified by examining all genitive constructions in the book of Proverbs. The following major classes of genitives are distinguished in terms of these rules: noun clause 1-genitives (subjective genitives), noun clause 2-genitives (objective genitives), copula-predicate genitives, preposition-verb genitives and adjunctive genitives.

Die Hebreeuse genitief: ’n semanties-sintaktiese studie met besondere verwysing na die boek Spreuke. (MA mini-dissertation, PU for CHE.) 217 pp.

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- by Jan Kroeze
- •
- 10
  Semantics, Syntax, Morphology, Book of Proverbs

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- by Anna Malysheva
- •
- 5
  Dialectology, Objective Genitive, Verbs, Old Russian Chronicles

Objective Genitive

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