Ethnobotany in Europe

The Bulgarian plum cultivars Gabrovska, Nevena, Strinava, Guliaeva and Balvanska slava, breeding in the Plum Experimental Station in the town of Dryanovo and the introduced cultivars Stanley, Chachanska lepotitsa, Opal, Malvazinka, Hramova renkloda, Tuleu timpuriu, Althan’s Gage, Pacific, Mirabell de Nancy, Anna Schpet and Jojo, what are high productive and are tolerant to sharka and other important economic plum diseases are suitable for the biologic plum production. The organic fertilization is a basic element of the technology for the biologic plum production. The fertilization with manure and the green manure with a winter green peas and with a peas-rye mix increased the humus content, influenced positive action on the supplying of the plum plants with the main nutrient macro elements, increased the yield and to be able apply successfully in the plum orchards and at not irrigation conditions.

In 2015 and 2016, an expeditionary study was conducted in the region of the town of Gabrovo in Bulgaria. The aim was to find valuable local forms and cultivars of Pirus domestica L. Two vigorous trees were found at different places over 80 years old. Their fruit is valuable and ripen in summer. The trees grow without chemical plant protection, without pruning and without soil treatment. Local people have used that fruit for pear juice and vinegar. The following indicators were studied: size and average fresh fruit weight; dry matter was determined refractometrically; yield/kg/tree. Fruit of Form № 1 ripen during the period of 25-30 July, and those of Form № 2 ripen in the period of 1-10 August. The average fruit weight for the two-year period in Form № 1 was 38.1 g, where as in Form № 2 it was 85,8 g. The dry matter in Form № 1 was 14,65% and in Form № 2 – 15,45%. The fruit of Form № 1 is not very large, which makes it suitable for processing in different products (for drying, for j...

William L Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 631660299, USA; Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología-UMSA, Campus Universitario, Cota Cota Calle 27, La Paz, Bolivia; Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Botanikuri St. 1, 0105 Tbilisi, Georgia; 4-D Research Institute, Ilia State University, 5, Cholokasvili Ave. 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the effects of bacteria,
nitrogen + phosphorus and the herbicide imazethapyr, on O. crenata in faba bean. Laboratory experiments
results showed that all treatments significantly inhibited O. crenata germination and haustorium initiation. The
combinations of BMP+TAL1399 and BMP+USDA2478 with fertilizers dose (1N+1PμM) reduced germination
in a range of 83.16-86.25%. The combinations of BMP+USDA2478 or BMP+TAL1399 with imazethapyr
(100%) reduced haustoria in a range of 79.2-82.6%. In the two greenhouse experiments, all treatments delayed
and significantly decreased O. crenata incidence. In the first experiment, combinations of strains
BMP+USDA2478 with different fertilizers doses gave the highest reduction of O. crenata emergence as
compared to the control. ISO44 alone or in combination with 1N+1P and BMP+TAL1399 gave the highest
plant height as compared to the control. Inoculations with bacterial isolates ISO43 and ISO44 each alone
significantly increased faba bean shoot and root dry weights. In the second experiment, ISO44 and the
combination of BMP+USDA2478 with imazethapyr (0.21g/pot) reduced O. crenata emergence as compared to
imazethapyr and the control. Application of imazethapyr (0.21g/pot) alone or in combination with ISO44
significantly increased faba bean plant height and root dry weight. Inoculation with BMP+USDA2478
sustained the highest shoot dry weight.

BACKGROUND: Orobanche crenata is a holoparasitic weed that seriously attacks legumes and depend entirely on their hosts for all
nutritional requirements. A wide variety of approaches physical, cultural, chemical and biological have been explored against root
parasite. Current means for controlling parasitic weeds are focusing on reducing soil seed bank and inhibiting early developmental
stages. OBJECTIVE: Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of bacterial strains and
isolates cultures and filtrates, on early developmental stages of Orobanche crenata and to explore their potential in O. crenata control.
RESULTS: Results of in vitro experiments revealed that germination of O. crenata significantly decreased after inoculation with
bacterial cultures or filtrates. Bacterial isolates (ISO43 and ISO44) and strains of Bacillus circulans, B. megatherium var. phosphaticum
(BMP) and the combination of BMP plus Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae (TAL1399) significantly reduced germination as
compared to other microbes and controls. With respect to the effects of bacterial cultures or filtrates on haustorium initiat ion, results
displayed that B. circulans, BMP, BMP+R. leguminosarum bv. viceae (USDA 2478) and ISO44 significantly suppressed O. crenata
haustoria factor as compared to the corresponding control. In the in vivo experiment, irrespective of faba bean cultivars and bacterial
inoculation, O. crenata emergence progressively increased with seed bank size. Faba been inoculated with bacterial combinations of
BMP+TAL1399 and BMP+USDA2478 significantly reduced O. crenata emergence and dry weight. In general, Basabeer cultivar
invariably displayed better growth than Selaim. Faba bean height and dry weight invariably decreased with increasing seed bank size.
The increase in faba bean growth parameters is consistent with the observed delay and decrease in O. crenata emergence in response to
treatments. CONCLUSION: Improving soil fertility by using beneficial microorganisms appeared to decrease O. crenata infestation
and its suppressiveness effects on host growth. Use of potential bacterial strains and isolates could be incorporated into existing
Orobanche crenata management practices.

Striga hermonthicais a serious parasitic weed on cereal crops which causes severe damage to its host. Three endophytic bacterial isolates (isolated from sugarcane crop) and two carbohydrates, glucose and sucrose, were evaluated in a laboratory, for effects on the parasite germination and haustorium initiation. The results indicated that bacterial isolates ISO20, ISO29 and ISO30,significantly inhibited germination as compared to the controls, irrespective of conditioning status of Striga seed. The two carbohydrates, alone or in combination with bacterial isolates, were evaluated on Striga germination. Results revealed that each of the two carbohydrates, irrespective of the concentration, reduced germination significantly by 29 - 100 %,as compared to the control. The depressive effects of the carbohydrates on Striga germination increased with increasing concentrations, in response to GR24. Furthermore, glucose was more suppressive to Striga germination than sucrose. The combination of glucose and sucrose sustained the highest inhibitory effects (63 - 67 %) as compared to each carbohydrate alone and the controls. However, the combination between bacterial isolates plus glucose or sucrose was the most inhibitory than each bacteria or carbohydrate alone. They reduced germination by 79 and 100 % in response to GR24 as compared to conditioning media. Moreover, both carbohydrates reduced haustorium initiation, significantly in response to DMBQ. Furthermore, seeds conditioned in sucrose or glucose at the highest concentration (10 g/100 ml) and similarly treated with DMBQ did not form haustoria. Bacterial isolates were identified using morphological and biochemical tests. The establishment of the inhibitory effect of the most promising bacterial isolateISO20(Gluconacetoacter spp.)on early developmental stages of Striga is a step towards utilizing such bacteria as biocontrol agents against S. hermonthica. In conclusion: carbohydrates enhanced the efficacy of the bacteria as a suppressor of the parasite and reducer of the
parasite debilitating effects.

The study carried out in order to estimate the distribution and accumulation of copper in soils and vegetation from Copşa Mică area used a radial network centered in the source of pollution–SC SOMETRA SA Copşa Mică. Soil and plant samples taken from the ...

2010 79.30 ab ANOVA Cultivar (A)/Сорт (А) ** Year (B)/Година (Б) ** A  B ** Asterisk represents significant differences between mean values of 'Bluecrop' (control) and other cultivars for P<0.05 (*) and P<0.01 (**) based on Dunnett test and the results of ANOVA (F test); ns-not significant. Means per rows for year and interaction mean AB marked with the same lowercase letter represent that there are no differences for P<0,01 based on Duncan multiple range test. Звездичката представя значимите разлики между средните стойности на сорт "Блукроп" (контрола) и други сортове за P<0.05 (*) и P<0.01 (**) на базата на тест на Данет и резултатите от ANOVA (F тест); Ns-не е значителен. Средните стойности от редове за година и средното взаимодействие AхB отбелязано със същата малка буква, показват, че няма разлики за P <0,01 въз основа на множествен тест за достоверност на разликите на Дънкан.

Anticholinergic plants of the family Solanaceae have a long history of use as medicines, poisons, and recreational drugs. Though they were the intoxicating substances of choice throughout Europe for centuries, their use for these purposes has declined with the globalisation of other recreational drugs. The present study sought to examine the level of knowledge surrounding these plants among individuals who had used other hallucinogenic plants or mushrooms in Slovenia. Participants were questioned in regards to the anticholinergic Solanaceae that are known to grow wild in Slovenia: Atropa belladonna L., Datura stramonium L., Hyoscyamus niger L., and Scopolia carniolica L. As expected, only a small number of individuals had any substantial knowledge of these plants, and fewer still had used them; some were even unfamiliar with any of these plants. Knowledge of toxicity generally arose from family members, while books and the internet played prominent roles in regards to use knowledge....

Despite their potential, nursery stock catalogs have been overlooked in previous ethnobotanical studies. Here, this gap is addressed by surveying nursery-based plant knowledge cultivated within the historic British Loddiges nursery through an analysis of their stock catalogs dating from 1818 to 1830. Employing a historical ethnobotanical approach, the topics of categorization, nomenclature, and sourcing practices in the Loddiges nursery are examined while also exploring the methodological considerations of utilizing nursery stock catalogs in ethnobotanical research. Findings underscore the pragmatic nature of nursery-based plant knowledge, offering insight into the relationship between nurserymen and the plants they cultivated. This essay aims to clarify how sources such as stock catalogs can enrich historical ethnobotanical investigation and broaden the scope of ethnobotanical research to include topics such as commercial plant nurseries.

Tomo 43 • N° 2 • 2011 1 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). C. C. 14. Zavalla. Santa Fe. Argentina. S2125ZAA. [email protected] 2 Genética y Mejoramiento Vegetal. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. C. C. 14. Zavalla. Santa Fe. Argentina. S2125ZAA. Originales: Recepción: 22/02/2010 Aceptación: 20/08/2011 Uso de marcadores morfológicos, bioquímicos y moleculares SRAP para diferenciar variedades de Cynara cardunculus L. (Asteraceae)

Cela fait plusieurs semaines que je réfléchi à cette soutenance. J'ai rempli des dizaines d'écrans et noirci autant de feuilles de papier. Finalement, je ne ferai pas une synthèse de mon dossier. Je ne dégagerai pas non plus les quelques idées par lesquelles j'ai tenté de le structurer. Vous l'avez lu, je l'ai relu, et je ne sais pas trop quoi en dire en attendant vos remarques et vos questions. Alors le texte que j'ai préparé est à l'image de mes préoccupations de ce moment 1 : préparation des demandes budgétaires pour l'an 2000, début des négociations pour le contrat de plan, Front national à Charbonnière 2 , pôle d'économie du patrimoine du Diois, (celui de Givors m'inquiète moins), six ?, sept ? ethnologues en DESS qui, dans quelques mois, chercheront du travail, et plein d'autres choses du même acabit. Ce texte est plutôt une déclaration de foi : l'ethnologie peut servir à quelque chose. J'ai d'ailleurs donné un titre à mon propos : « De la difficulté à trouver un titre qui justifie qu'on postule à la direction de travaux de recherche lorsqu'on est spécialiste désigné comme tel d'un secteur de l'ethnologie qui est censé s'intéresser plus à la mise en oeuvre de projets qu'à une réflexion abstraite sur la culture ». 2 Les trois ans passés à réfléchir, à écrire, à rédiger le document que vous avez lu ont été trois années difficiles. Trois années pendant lesquelles j'ai pu mesurer à quel point j'avais besoin de prendre le temps de penser, alors même que j'avais encore moins le loisir de penser, et que sans penser au temps qui me manquait, je m'investissais dans de nouveaux dossiers. Je prendrai un exemple que chacun comprendra : l'ethnologie, le patrimoine et la culture en général, mais aussi la démocratie, ont connu récemment une situation difficile, Charbonnières. Alors, avec le soutien de mon directeur, j'ai réfléchi depuis Revisiter les lieux et les temps : figures de la mémoire et du patrimoine.

We report here on some findings from fieldwork over several years in Palasa, a village near Himara in which the Greek speakers show the effects of long-standing contact with Albanian. We focus on the ethnolinguistic situation, differential borrowing depending on lexical domain, regional ethnobotany, and code-switching in a folk tale.

Les maladies du foie peuvent constituer une principale source de menace
pour la santé publique. En Afrique, la situation est plus complexe en raison
des contaminations par les virus des hépatites B et C. En Côte d’Ivoire, la
prévalence des hépatites est de 12 % pour l’hépatite virale B et de 5 % pour l’hépatite virale C. Le traitement médical constitue l’un des défis majeurs à
relever pour les vaincre. Cependant, le coût élevé du traitement proposé par la
médecine moderne, oblige la plupart des patients à recourir à la médecine
traditionnelle. Il est donc nécessaire d’explorer le monde végétal pour
rechercher les plantes médicinales pouvant constituer une alternative
thérapeutique non négligeable. L’objectif de cette étude est d’inventorier les
plantes médicinales utilisées dans le traitement traditionnel des atteintes
hépatiiques à Bengassou dans le département de Bocanda (Centre-Est de la
Côte d’Ivoire). Les enquêtes ethnobotaniques ont été menées dans cette
localité auprès de 23 tradipraticiens, à l’aide d’un questionnaire. Dans cette
étude, trois pathologies du foie que sont l’ictère, l’hépatite et la cirrhose ont
été recensées. Quarante-quatre (44) espèces végétales ont été répertoriées avec
leurs modes d’utilisation. Les feuilles (76 %) constituant la partie de plante la
plus utilisée, sont couramment préparées sous forme de décoction (82 %). La
voie orale (50 %), reste principalement celle conseillée pour l’administration
des remèdes. Les investigations sur l’implication des plantes médicinales dans
les recettes contre ces affections ont montré que Alchornea cordifolia (Cpr=
17,65 %), Costus afer (Cpr= 11,76 %), Morinda lucida (Cpr= 11,76 %),
Newbouldia leavis (Cpr= 11,76 %) et Vernonia colorata (Cpr= 11,76 %)
entrent dans la plupart des préparations médicamenteuses. Selon ces résultats,
les plantes recensées pourraient être utiles dans la lutte contre certaines
atteintes hépatiques, particulièrement l’hépatite, la cirrhose et l’ictère.
Liver disease can be a major threat to public health. In Africa, the
situation is more complex due to contamination by hepatitis B and C viruses.
In Côte d'Ivoire, the prevalence of hepatitis is 12% for viral hepatitis B and
5% for viral hepatitis C. Medical treatment is one of the major challenges in
overcoming them. However, the high cost of treatment offered by modern
medicine forces most patients to turn to traditional medicine. It is therefore
necessary to explore the plant world in search of medicinal plants that could
provide a significant therapeutic alternative. The aim of this study is to
inventory the medicinal plants used in the traditional treatment of hepatitis in
Bengassou in the Bocanda department (central-eastern Côte d'Ivoire).
Ethnobotanical surveys were carried out in this locality among 23 traditional
practitioners, using a questionnaire. In this study, three liver pathologies were
identified: jaundice, hepatitis and cirrhosis. Forty-four (44) plant species were
listed, along with their modes of use. Leaves (76%), the most widely used part
of the plant, are commonly prepared as a decoction (82%). The oral route
(50%) remains the preferred method for administering remedies. Investigations into the involvement of medicinal plants in recipes to treat these
ailments showed that Alchornea cordifolia (Cpr= 17.65%), Costus afer (Cpr=
11.76%), Morinda lucida (Cpr= 11.76%), Newbouldia leavis (Cpr= 11.76%)
and Vernonia colorata (Cpr= 11.76%) are used in most medicinal preparations.
According to these results, the plants listed could be useful in combating
certain liver disorders, particularly hepatitis, cirrhosis and jaundice.

L’anthropologie végétale ou l’anthropologie des plantes renvoient à un corpus de recherche abordant les rapports contemporains entre humains et végétaux. Plutôt que d’être relégués au rang de simples objets, les végétaux sont appréhendés à titre de sujets dotés de capacités, de propriétés, voire de sensibilités, qui interagissent, s’agencent ou défient les tentatives de domestication opérées par l’humain.

Chios, one of the largest islands in the Eastern Mediterranean, became internationally known during the 13 th century due to the production of the Chios mastic in twenty one villages on the south, the resin of the mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia (Desf. ex Poiret) DC.), to which many beneficial properties and uses had already been attributed in the antiquity. The international demand for mastic led the various conquerors of Chios to prohibit free trade and lay down a system for monopoly distribution. After the island was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1566, following a period of almost two centuries of Genoan rule (1346 to 1566), the valuable product of Chios Mastic constitutes one of the monopolies of the Ottoman State. This article is based mainly on studying sources such as geographical and traveller's manuscripts dated back from the 17 th until the 19 th century, which are kept in the "Korais" Central Public Historical Library, as well as other historical sources examining the period in question.

Chios, one of the largest islands in the Eastern Mediterranean, became internationally known during the 13 th century due to the production of the Chios mastic in twenty one villages on the south, the resin of the mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia (Desf. ex Poiret) DC.), to which many beneficial properties and uses had already been attributed in the antiquity. The international demand for mastic led the various conquerors of Chios to prohibit free trade and lay down a system for monopoly distribution. After the island was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1566, following a period of almost two centuries of Genoan rule (1346 to 1566), the valuable product of Chios Mastic constitutes one of the monopolies of the Ottoman State. This article is based mainly on studying sources such as geographical and traveller's manuscripts dated back from the 17 th until the 19 th century, which are kept in the "Korais" Central Public Historical Library, as well as other historical sources examining the period in question.

Our Brothers Across the Øresund
Famine, Philanthropy and Scandinavism 1850-1870
• National identity vs Mesoregional (Scandinavian) identity
• War and the construction of “Others”
• Philanthropy and Humanitarianism
• Famines, Trade and Economic Development
• Nationalism & Colonialism (comparing UK / Ireland with Denmark /
Iceland)
• The European cultural and economic context of all of this
Performative acts of charity; class; gender etc.

Il est recent que les ethnologues se preoccupent de la sauvegarde des sources qu&#39;ils ont produites sur le terrain mais Christian Bromberger a choisi de deposer l&#39;ensemble des sources de sa recherche dans un centre d&#39;archives. Dans le cadre d&#39;un ouvrage en hommage a cet ethnologue, ce chapitre permet de reperer les centres de ressources ou les archives qu&#39;il a constitue sur le terrain ont ete deposees.

Hierba anual o bienal, con olor fuerte y tallos hasta de 2 m, huecos, asurcados y con características manchas de color púrpura. Hojas cuatro veces divididas, con peciolo largo, con la base que rodea al tallo, y segmentos hasta de 2 cm, alargados, estrechos. Inflorescencia en umbelas de umbelas numerosas, con brácteas en la base, que nacen en pedúnculos opuestos. Flores con pétalos pequeños, blancos. Frutos hasta de 3,5 mm, globosos, con cinco costillas longitudinales, que se dividen en dos mericarpos.

Classical scholars have long held that the saffron in widespread use throughout the ancient Mediterranean was Crocus sativus (Iridaceae), a sterile triploid descendant of the wild Crocus cartwrightianus, and indeed use of Crocus sativus in antiquity has been extensively borne out both by iconographic and phylogenetic studies. Two principal scholars of the Roman world, Dioscorides the physician and Pliny the natural historian, disagreed radically over the virtues and commercial value of saffron crocus from Sicily, with one praising its quality, and the other excoriating it. This study draws on ecophysiology, classical texts, environmental archeology, and phytochemistry to explain this disagreement and its implications. It explores the potential impact of microclimate on crocus cultivation in the ancient Mediterranean and proposes a new species identification for Sicilian crocus: Crocus longiflorus. The identification of Crocus longiflorus as "Sicilian saffron" offers an important corrective to the assumption that Crocus sativus was the sole crocus species of commercial value in the ancient Mediterranean and renews attention to the economic potential and utility of an indigenous southern Italian species overlooked in classical and later scholarship.

Autant le statut des animaux dans les systèmes productifs fait l'objet de débats, autant la définition de la durabilité alimentaire n'implique aucun égard particulier pour les plantes. Le projet PlantCoopLab trouve son inspiration dans ce constat et dans le « tournant végétal » qui appelle à revisiter le statut des plantes. Dans une logique de production économique, faire signifie en général produire des biens ou des services par le travail. Dans le cas des plantes, le « faire » est-il aussi un travail ? Sans pour autant impliquer une personnification, cette question permet de repenser les activités végétales au-delà d'une lecture seulement techniciste, ce qui conduit aussi à reconsidérer le travail effectué avec les plantes. Le projet interroge plus largement la reconnaissance du travail des plantes comme moyen d'infléchir les pratiques nécessaires à la fourniture de nourritures durables.

Hierba perenne rizomatosa, de 0,7-1,8 m, ramificada por arriba; ramas con costillas visibles de color verdoso o rojizo, frecuentemente pelosas, con médula blanca. Hojas de 12-35 x 8-25 cm, compuestas, imparipinnadas, opuestas, con estípulas bien desarrolladas; con 7-11 folíolos de 6-20 x 2-6 cm, lanceolados, irregularmente aserrados. Inflorescencia corimbiforme, de 10-25 cm de diámetro, con numerosas flores de 5-8 mm de diámetro, con cinco pétalos blancos, y estambres con anteras de color violeta. Fruto en drupa globosa, de 4,5-6 mm, de color violeta negruzco. Inventario Español de los Conocimientos Tradicionales relativos a la Biodiversidad • 140 • Sambucus ebulus. Emilio Laguna g

Mata leñosa muy ramosa, de 20-60 cm, con tallos erguidos, los jóvenes con cuatro costillas bien marcadas. Hojas caducas, alternas, de 20-30 x 15-18 mm, ovadas o elípticas, agudas, levemente aserradas. Flores solitarias o en grupos de dos, con pedúnculos revueltos, de unos 5 mm. Cáliz acampanado de 2 mm. Corola en forma de orza casi cerrada, globosa, de 4-6 mm, de color blanco rosado o rojizo. Androceo formado por diez estambres incluidos. Estilo exerto. Fruto en baya de 5-11 mm, globosa, color negro azulado, comestible.

Arbusto hasta de 3 m, caducifolio, sin espinas, con tallos cilíndricos con numerosas costillas, glabros, erectos o ascendentes, verdes. Hojas alternas u opuestas, con un folíolo, con limbo de 15-30 x 4-10 mm, lanceolado o linear, glabro por el haz y seríceo por el envés. Flores en racimos alargados, terminales. Cáliz de 8-10 mm, oblicuo, con cinco dientes inferiores escariosos. Corola de 20-32 mm, amarilla, muy olorosa. Diez estambres soldados en tubo, de distinta longitud. Legumbre de 40-100 x 5-8 mm, alargada, aplanada, primero pelosa, finalmente glabra, con diez a 18 semillas de 3-4 mm, ovoides, de color rojizo acastañado.

Accurately distinguishing parasitic plants from their hosts remains a challenge due to potential morphological convergence. This study tackles this by employing a multifaceted approach integrating morpho-anatomical features and preliminary phytochemical analysis for the precise differentiation of Cuscuta reflexa, a parasitic climber, and its host Ziziphus jujuba. A comparative analysis of vegetative and reproductive morphology revealed stark differences, including the complete absence of stems in C. reflexa contrasting with the well-developed woody stems of Z. jujuba. Leaf shape, venation patterns, and floral structures further supported their distinction. Light microscopy investigations of stem and leaf tissues delineated variations in tissue organization, vascular bundle arrangement, and the presence/absence of trichomes. Furthermore, a comprehensive preliminary phytochemical screening yielded contrasting profiles, highlighting the presence of specific secondary metabolites unique to each species. This combined approach effectively differentiated the parasite from its host, providing valuable insights for accurate plant identification in various fields like taxonomy, ethnobotany, and ecological studies of parasitic interactions. The identified distinguishing features contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of host-parasite relationships.

The basic starting point of the study and effort to preserve an endangered
language is the documentation of its vocabulary, structure-function and variations that are still detectable. In the case of the Vlach language, scientific
research has primarily focused on a) the mechanisms leading to its extinction,
b) efforts to support the language, and c) its structural linguistic characteristics
(phonology, morphology, dialectology, etc.).
The main question that occupies my research is to what extent the possibility of the extinction of the Vlach language threatens the accumulated
knowledge and experience of local communities regarding the varieties, uses,
and types of flora. Utilizing the rich methodological and factual material provided by previous studies, as well as the data from my own on-site documentation of Vlach words related to flora in different geographical areas and villages,
the following text will present the methodological framework, the process, and
the initial comparative conclusions of the documentation.

This paper presents the results of an ethnobotanical study in the upper region of the Pisuerga River in Palencia, Spain. The study was carried out by conducting semi-structured interviews of 50 residents above the age of 52. The total number of use reports was 2,879; 839 refer to plants used in human food and 247 are related to plants used in animal feed. Forty-two wild species have been cited for human consumption: 45.2% of them are exploited for their fruit, 33.3% are eaten as vegetables, and 28.6% are used to produce liqueurs. Twenty wild species have been cited as animal feed, six of which are also used as food for human consumption and 90% as fodder or hay. Of the species, 20% are used for their fruit, whether fresh or dried. The species of the highest interest for human consumption in the region were Corylus avellana, Prunus spinosa, Fragaria vesca and Sorbus aria. The plants that were cited most often as animal feed are Asphodelus albus, Quercus petraea and Q, pyrenaica. Conopodium pyrenaeum, locally called ajuérjano in Spanish, a common name unique to the region ("pignut" in English), was cited by more than 50% of interviewees. Conopodium majus is consumed in nearby regions. Conclusion: Wild food plants gathered in the region are not the population's main source of nutrients, but they are important resources that can be used to diversify recipes.

The population of older immigrants in the United States is growing and they bring their health beliefs and practices with them. Older immigrants from the former Soviet Union use a variety of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) remedies which includes in part: 1) foods to which medicinal properties are attributed, 2) herbs, 3) external treatments, and 4) pharmaceuticals manufactured in the former Soviet Union and available over-the-counter. These remedies vary in their efficacy and are often used in combination with or in lieu of prescribed allopathic (Western) medications. Health beliefs regarding medicine in the United States has led older Slavic immigrant to distrust their US health care providers and system. Nurses are in a key position to inquire and work with older Slavic immigrants to safely use their CAM and provide more information about prescribed allopathic medications and the harmful effects of combining remedies without consultation.

A survey was conducted to document the ethnobotanical potential of Zangelanlo district during 2009 to 2010. The study was mainly focused on gathering information on traditional uses of plants from local peoples. Local inhabitants are extremely knowledgeable about the utilization of indigenous flora of the study area. The main uses of the herbal drugs were as febrifuge, anthelmintic and in digestive problems, jaundice, respiratory ailments, urinary diseases, skin diseases and diabetes. In this present investigation, 52 plants species belonging to 48 genera and 26 families were included. The major plant families which contributed in folk herbs included Lamiaceae (9 spp.), Asteraceae (8 spp.), Apiaceae (4 spp.) and Fabaceae (3 spp.). For each species, botanical name, vernacular name, used plant part(s) and medicinal uses are provided. The results of this survey indicated that the studied area is rich in medicinal plants to treat a wide spectrum of human ailments. Therefore, this work will also contribute for the search of new drugs and treatments.

Background It is only recently that written sources of local knowledge on plants are not being ignored by scholars as not belonging to “traditional” knowledge. Ethnobotanical texts, however, if they at all focus on knowledge from written sources, hardly ever pay any attention to the actual processes of interaction with written texts and illustrations. During our research, we examined people’s interactions with texts, illustrations and herbarium specimens of plants they collect or are familiar with. We focused on a small community of Shiri people in the mountainous village and in the lowland settlements in the Republic of Daghestan, Russia. In the paper we address the following questions: how do Shiri people interact with illustrations, written text, and herbaria specimens? How is this interaction influenced by the practice of plant collection? What are the methodological implications of the ways people interact with illustrations, texts, and herbaria specimens? Methods Our research ...

Broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) are destructive obligate plant parasites in Israel and in the Mediterranean basin. Conventional methods for parasitic weeds detection are difficult, since the parasite seeds are extremely small (dust-like seeds) and survive in the soil for several decades. Here, we report the development of specific molecular markers rbcL1 based on rbcL (large subunit of the ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase) gene from Orobanche crenata and ITS100 based upon unique sequences in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA of Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Genomic DNA was extracted from soil samples artificially infested with broomrape seeds or tissue of P. aegyptiaca, O. cumana and O. crenata and subjected to PCR analysis. rbcL1 marker, successfully differentiate between O. crenata and O. cumana, amplified a specific PCR products (1300 bp with O. crenata and 1000 bp with O. cumana). However, the rbcL1 marker failed to amplify soil samples with seeds or tissues of P. aegyptiaca or any soil-borne DNA. ITS100 marker and Real-Time PCR, allowed quantitative diagnostic of the parasite O. cumana in a soil sample; amplified a specific PCR products (100 bp). As expected the universal control primer (UCP-555) amplified a PCR product (555 bp), when genomic DNA extracted from soil samples with or without broomrape tissues. The development of an efficient, simple and robust molecular marker to detect and distinguish between broomrape species, has a significant insights on the assessment level of infestation and planning eradication program of the parasite in a field crop.

Annual surveys for Orobanche crenata Forsk, were carried out during seasons 2012 and 2013 at pulse growing localities of south Tigray, Ethiopia, to determine the intensity of infestation, study farmers attitude and awareness towards the parasite, discuss the dangers of the weed and develop a future strategy for checking dispersal by creation of necessary legislative measures. The surveys were based on filed survey at highland legumes growing areas and interview using semi-structure questionnaires. Results revealed that Orobanche occurred in 28.6-83.9% of the surveyed fields in Enda-Mekoni and Ofla districts, respectively. Ofla district was the hot spot area and the up-downstream spreads from the original infestation to the rest of districts worsen the problem. The highest frequency and abundance were displayed in Ofla, while, the lowest was in Enda-Mekoni and Raya-Alamata. During the surveys, more than sixty stakeholders were interviewed. Farmer&#39;s response to the questionnaire r...

The chemical discovery of opium alkaloids inside Daunian vases (dated between the 9th and 3rd centuries BC) adds new elements to focus on the iconographic presence of Papaver somniferum on steles, vases and jewellery. Following a graphic and conceptual path, focused not only on the poppy but also on other symbolic vectors such as: water, birds, the snake, figurative finds are analyzed, both from Daunia and from the Mediterranean Levant, in a new overall vision that analyzes also the presence of a sacred couple and four steles painted on a rare filter vase.

Artikel om et foredrag af Peter Lehmann på Galelejr 1985 i Nykøbing, hvor han informerede det danske psykiatriske miljø om, at neuroleptikummet Penfluridol (salgsnavn Semap), som stadig er godkendt i Danmark, allerede måtte trækkes tilbage fra markedet i Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland på grund af mistanken om, at det forårsager kræft (translated by DeepL).

Since the introduction of potent pesticides in the 1950s, agriculture has become one of the main industries requiring industrial hygiene and toxicological studies at an increasing rate, thus contributing to the rapid development of this science. Investigation of widespread poisoning cases among exposed agricultural workers resulted in better understanding of the exposure mechanism and toxicology involved, development of monitoring methods for respiratory and dermal exposure, and introduction of better engineering as well as personal protective measures. A conceptual model presented by Pependorf and Spear identified the role of variables such as properties of the chemical, dispersion mechanisms, work practices, environmental factors and body protectants as the main components of the intermediate between the pollutant source and its biologic effect. Herbicides were developed to impair specifically plant biochemistry systems, which are fundamentally different from those in mammals. Therefore, the toxicity of most herbicides still in use may cause irreversible injury (paraquat), cancer (2,4-D) or skin sensitization or irritation (alachlor, propachlor), and hence protection for farm workers is required.

В статье речь идёт о влиянии национально-психологических особенно- стей мышления народа на различия терминологической номинации, которые обусловливают национальную специфику фрагмента научной картины мира, запе- чатленного в названиях растений на русском языке. Сопоставительный анализ мотивировочных признаков номинации растений в международной (латинской) и национальной (русской) ботанических номенклатурах выявил наличие уни- версальных черт и национальных особенностей в научных названиях растений. Изучение русских научных названий растений представляет интерес для типоло- гической семантики и осмысления роли материальной культуры, окружающего мира, особенностей мировосприятия, свойственного носителям русского языка, на формирование научной картины мира, запечатлённой на русском языке.La nomenclature botanique internationale reflète un ensemble de connaissances scientifiques sur le monde des plantes et représente une variante de la connaissance scientifique universelle, reproduite d...

Globally, hunger and poverty are major challenges with number of household malnourished increasing daily. Conscious integration of the home gardens strategy into peri-urban and urban development can help to achieve food security. In this regard, a total of 412 questionnaires were administered to home garden owners around the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) in Ibadan (Southwest Nigeria), Mbato (Southeast Nigeria), Bagauda (Northwest Nigeria) and Dadinkowa (Northeast Nigeria). In all, 366 (88.8%) questionnaires were found suitable for analysis. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistical analytical tools. Majority of people involved in the practice of home gardening were male (78%) and young <50 years (53%), implying that they were capable of handling more tedious activities than the female and the elderly respectively. Land and house ownership were found to be the most important factor in home gardening. Goat (77.1%), sheep (58.7%) and local fowl (49.7%) were the dominant livestock in the areas investigated. Most of the livestock were fed with household waste and crop residues which ought to have caused great problem through microbial build up, while the animal wastes were usually incorporated into the soil to serve as soil amendments. Some of the livestock owners were also mindful of zoonosis.

Globally, hunger and poverty are major challenges with number of household malnourished increasing daily. Conscious integration of the home gardens strategy into peri-urban and urban development can help to achieve food security. In this regard, a total of 412 questionnaires were administered to home garden owners around the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) in Ibadan (Southwest Nigeria), Mbato (Southeast Nigeria), Bagauda (Northwest Nigeria) and Dadinkowa (Northeast Nigeria). In all, 366 (88.8%) questionnaires were found suitable for analysis. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistical analytical tools. Majority of people involved in the practice of home gardening were male (78%) and young &lt;50 years (53%), implying that they were capable of handling more tedious activities than the female and the elderly respectively. Land and house ownership were found to be the most important factor in home gardening. Goat (77.1%), sheep (58.7%) and local fo...