Establishment

O campo epistemológico das Ciências Políticas possui uma incremental evolução histórica nos últimos cinco séculos permeada por uma crescente absorção e replicação de métodos, teorias e conceitos para a análise do poder e das ações políticas, razão pela qual é identificado por uma pluralidade de influências e enfoques propositivos. 

Partindo da ampla capacidade dialógica de um campo científico relativamente aberto à pluralidade dialógica, o presente livro “Ciência Política: Poder e Establishment” apresenta uma instigante agenda de diferenciados estudos políticos sobre um conjunto amplo de temas da realidade política internacional e nacional.

O objetivo desta obra é apresentar a riqueza do campo científico das ciências políticas a partir de uma abrangente agenda de estudos que valoriza a pluralidade temática, metodológica e teórica para analisar a realidade do poder e da ação política humana em diferentes escalas espaciais e periodizações temporais.

Fruto de um trabalho coletivo desenvolvido por um conjunto de praticamente duas dezenas de pesquisadoras e pesquisadores, oriundos das macrorregiões do Norte, Nordeste, Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, bem como da Colômbia, este livro faz um imersivo estudo sobre distintas realidades políticas com base em diferenciadas experiências e formações profissionais ligadas diretamente ou indiretamente ao campo das Ciências Políticas.

Estruturado em 15 capítulos, este livro apresenta relevantes pesquisas que coadunam de uma mesma lógica dedutiva, partindo da abstração teórica no campo epistemológico da Ciência Política até chegar à empiria de estudos de caso, embora trazendo uma pluralidade de diferentes recortes histórico-teórico-metodológicos para a análise. 

A natureza exploratória, descritiva e explicativa dos estudos do presente livro combina distintas abordagens qualitativas, paradigmas teóricos e recortes metodológicos de levantamento e análise de dados, os quais proporcionam uma imersão aprofundada em uma agenda eclética de estudos.



Os diferenciados debates apresentados nesta eclética obra foram aglutinados em quadro grandes eixos temáticos, identificados respectivamente por relevantes agendas contemporâneas de estudos sobre as relações internacionais, relações intergovernamentais, aparelho de estado, sistemas de governança, bem como participação e contestação política.

Alicerçado na pluralidade do pensamento, no estado da arte e na capacidade dialógica dos estudos com a fronteira do conhecimento no campo das Ciências Políticas, este livro traz significativos subsídios para analisar e interpretar a realidade contemporânea do local ao internacional, propiciando uma rica experiência teórica e metodológica para um amplo público de leitores.

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The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with Factorial concept which replicated thrice and comprised of two factors viz., factor-I Varieties of Cynodon dactylon turf (V1: Tifdwarf, V2: Selection-1, V3: Locally available variety and factor-II Spacing (S1: 10 cm × 10 cm, S2: 15 cm × 15 cm, S3: 20 cm × 20 cm). The interaction effect of varieties and spacing were influence on different characters viz., highest number (196.08) of runners per 100 cm 2 , earliness for fully establishment of turfgrass (48.67 days), fresh weight (33.82 g/100 cm 2), dry weight (13.24 g/100 cm 2) of biomass at 60 DAP and maximum quality score of visual appearance were recorded in V1S1. Moreover, maximum root depth (84.27 mm) and longest runner length (37.87 cm) was noted in V3S3. Maximum number of nodes (17.20) present on runner found maximum in V1S3. From the results it was revealed that dibble of Cynodon dactylon var. Tifdwarf or Selection-1 when planted at 10 cm ×10 cm distance favoured quick establishment of turf, appropriate growth habit for less frequency of lawn mowing and higher visual quality score with minimal weed growth.

Eigene Visualisierung der Figurations-, Interdependenz- oder Prozeßtheorie des deutsch-niederländischen Soziologen Norbert Elias (1897-1990) als theoretisches Modell für künftige historiographische Forschungen zum Thema "Historische Adelsdevianz".

Se hace un análisis de la obra teatral sorprndendente de John Patrick Schalnley, llevada al cine bajo su dirección, para enriquecer el drama escénico, con su propio guión. Enfoco el artículo más desde la perspectiva del propio director, quien la llevaría al cine con actores de altísima calidad como Meryl Streep, Philip Seymour Hoffman , Amy Adams, Joseph Foster y Viola Davis, con un tema espeluznante.

The declaration on religious freedom issued by the Second Vatican Council, Dignitatis Humanae claimed: “the human person has a right to religious freedom” (no. 2). Nevertheless, some think the modern declaration of Vatican II contradicts prior Catholic magisterial teaching on religious liberty. I evaluate whether the Magisterium is proposing an inconsistent set of propositions. I argue that a careful reading of the relevant magisterial propositions from classical papal encyclicals, namely, those that apparently opposed religious freedom, reveals they do not contradict any of the propositions concerning religious freedom in the declaration of Vatican II. While proving the absence of a contradiction does not prove that the teaching is true or plausible, there is value in doing so because it allows Catholic theologians to focus on demonstrating that the propositions proposed by the Magisterium are jointly plausible and to propose consistent explanations in which both sets of propositions figure.

This article argues that the Canadian government's current position on the Arctic is genuine, and not merely rhetorical as it has been so often in the past. It also traces the sources of this interest to powerful energy and business lobbies who have articulated this position through the last 25 years.

Cet article suggère que la position du gouvernement canadien au sujet de l'Arctique est authentique, et non seulement un question de rhétorique. L'article trace les sources de ce positionnement par delà l,action concertée de puissantes compagnies énergétiques et industrielles qui ont façonné ce positionnement depuis près de 25 ans.

The purpose of this study is to obtain a deeper understanding of the meaning and research culture approaches in educational organizations. Various models of the literature review and the related research on research culture which is used in this review, therefore the definitions and research culture elements described based on organization culture. This study concludes by identifying and providing an overview of the four-phase approaches to the research culture that consists of creating, growing, developing, and nurturing a research culture.

Responding to several new histories of church and state in America, this Article warns against the emerging view that separation of church and state is a distinctly American and relatively modern invention that has been used principally to harm religion and religious freedom. The Article traces the historical roots and routes of the principle of separation of church and state in biblical, patristic, Catholic, Protestant, and Enlightenment sources. It then shows how the eighteenth-century American founders used this principle to press five religious liberty concerns: protection of the state from the church; protection of the church from the state; protection of liberty of conscience from both church and state; protection of the new states from the federal government in their treatment of religion; and protection of citizens from unwelcome support and participation in religion. Finally, the article analyses the uses and misuses of this principle in the later history of American law.

Osmanlı Devleti'nin büyük bir kalabalığı teşkil etmeyen nüfusla Anadolu'nun kuzey batı uçlarında başlayan tarihsel serüveni her zaman tarih araştırmacılarının ilgisini çekmiştir. Altı asır gibi büyük bir zaman diliminde tarih sahnesindeki varlığını sürdürebilen Osmanlı Devleti'nin kuruluşu nasıl vuku bulmuştur? Osmanlı Devleti'nin kurulmasına zemin hazırlayan sebepler nelerdir? Osmanlı Devleti'nin kuruluşunda ve hızlı bir şekilde genişlemesine hangi unsurlar etkili olmuştur veya bu devleti kuranlar etnik olarak hangi kökene mensuplardır?
19. asrın sonları ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında tarih araştırmacılarının ilgisini ve merakını çeken Osmanlı Devleti'nin kuruluş meselesi, ilk olarak Herbert Adam Gibbons tarafından hazırlanan eser ile tartışılmaya başlanmış ve 21. yüzyılda halen daha sonuçlandırılamamıştır. Mesele genel itibari ile temel üzerine oturtulabilmiş, bu noktaya gelene kadar ise birçok araştırmacının bu konu hakkında bir görüş ortaya koymasını sağlamıştır. Çalışmamızdaki temel esas yerli ve yabancı literatürde kuruluşu tartışılan Osmanlı Devleti'nin bu ilk dönemi hakkında verilen görüşlerden belli başlı olanları değerlendirerek bu çalışmamızda özet halinde toplamaya çalışmaktır. Dünya tarihinin ikinci Roma'sı olarak gösterilen Osmanlı Devleti altı asırlık hayatını kuruluş evresinde yapmış olduğu uygulamalar sayesinde kazanmıştır. Dönem kaynaklarının çelişkili bilgiler içerdiği bu dönem ile alakalı yapılan çalışmaların hazırlanması ve bir görüş ortaya konulabilmesi oldukça fazla emek isteyen bir süreçtir.

Section 116 of the Australian Constitution states that the Commonwealth shall not make a law establishing any religion. This is commonly understood in the literature as equivalent to the establishment of a secular state. However, the implicit dichotomy between religion and the secular is questionable when neither term is clearly defined in an establishment context. Some constitutional jurisprudence appears to explicitly or implicitly view the 'secular' as a type of religion. This understanding has important implications for High Court jurisprudence surrounding non-establishment. In particular, this article argues that if the secular is a kind of religion, like all other religions it is conceivably subject to the prohibition against state establishment. It follows that the 'secular state' is not a constitutionally coherent approach to the relationship between religion and the state.

Article can be accessed online at https://walta.net.au/wajurist/vol8/secularism-as-a-religion-questioning-the-future-of-the-secular-state/

This explanatory study focused on the ecotourism project in Buhatan, Sorsogon, Philippines. It highlighted the potentials of ecotourism as a developmental tool for biodiversity conservation, economic, and social development. It sought to determine the implications of having ecotourism, who or what sector(s) would best benefit from ecotourism and what are the things needed to be done to maximize the potentials of ecotourism. While qualitative design was employed, triangulation was used to reduce the risk of bias and inaccuracies the analysis of data. Findings revealed the common implications of ecotourism in Buhatan such as job opportunities, fostering cooperation, balanced economic and environmental activities, discipline and inter-sector linkages which profits most the boatmen, culinary group members and cooperative. The study concluded that the ecotourism in Buhatan has a potential in promoting economic and social development, and environmental conservation could benefit the community as a whole if private-public sector linkages and active participation of the community members are improved. It was recommended to include the tourists" perception about the ecotourism project in the data gathering procedure since it would provide useful insights on the implications of ecotourism to its target clients

As Ciências Políticas caracterizam-se como um campo de estudos e práticas em constante evolução e transformações conceituais, discursivas e temáticas que têm sistematicamente passado por diferentes renovações analíticas, teórico-metodológicas e de objetos ao longo do tempo, contribuindo assim para uma prolífera agenda de pesquisas com diferentes níveis de foco e abrangência. 

Partindo da ampla capacidade dialógica de um campo científico relativamente aberto à pluralidade dialógica, o presente livro “Ciência Política: Poder e Establishment 2” apresenta uma instigante agenda de diferenciados estudos políticos sobre um conjunto amplo de temas da realidade política internacional e nacional.

O objetivo desta obra é apresentar a riqueza do campo científico das Ciências Políticas a partir de uma abrangente agenda de estudos que valoriza a pluralidade temática, metodológica e teórica para analisar a realidade do poder e da ação política humana em diferentes escalas espaciais e periodizações temporais.

Fundamentado por uma pluralidade epistemológica e por distintos níveis de análise no campo das Ciências Políticas, o presente livro apresenta 21 capítulos que obedecem a uma lógica de funil em três partes identificadas, respectivamente por micro, meso e macroanálises sobre os diferentes temas e atores que manifestam campos de poder e de ação política. 

Fruto de um trabalho coletivo, desenvolvido por um conjunto de pesquisadoras e pesquisadores oriundos de distintos estados de todas as macrorregiões brasileiras, este livro faz um imersivo estudo sobre com base em microanálises sobre movimentos sociais e realidades locais, mesoanálises focadas nos estados do Piauí, Maranhão e Alagoas, e,  macroanálises relacionadas a temas nacionais e internacionais.

A natureza exploratória, descritiva e explicativa dos capítulos do presente livro combina distintas abordagens qualitativas, paradigmas teóricos e recortes metodológicos de levantamento e análise de dados primários e secundários, os quais proporcionam uma imersão aprofundada em uma agenda eclética de estudos.

A indicação deste livro é recomendada para um extenso número de leitores, uma vez que foi escrito por meio de uma linguagem fluída e de uma abordagem didática que valoriza o poder de comunicação e da transmissão de informações e conhecimentos, tanto para um público leigo não afeito a tecnicismos, quanto para um público especializado de acadêmicos interessados por estudos políticos.

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Moringa oleifera is considered one of the most useful trees being pro moted across the world for its nutritional value. Ho wever, the production requirements of this crop are seldo m known. The study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil type and cattle manure on init ial establishment and growth of M. oleifera. Greenhouse experiments were conducted at Africa University, Zimbabwe in a 4×4 factorial treat ment structure laid in a randomized co mplete block design replicated 3 times. Sandy, sandy loam, clay loam and clay soils were used while cattle manure was applied to all the soils at levels of 0, 10, 20 and 40% on mass to mass basis. Results showed that, plant height, nu mber of branches, basal stem d iameter, root, shoot and total dry biomass significantly increased (p<0.05) with an increase in the amount of cattle manure applied. An increase of 173% in M. oleifera height was recorded where 40% manure was applied. Clay loam soils significantly increased (p<0.05) ...

The annual exercise of budgeting in TTD means preparation of detailed Roadmap of Requirement of Resources and its efficient use for the achievement of the organizational objectives.  TirumalaTirupatiDevasthanams, being a Religious institution serving the piligrims of lord Venkateswara and other presiding deities in various Temple  under its fold, is required to ensure efficient and economical usage of its resources under its command. Let we see how the budgeting properly distributed by TTD.

Van Orden v. Perry​ (2005) and ​McCreary County v. ACLU​ (2005) are both Supreme Court cases
that were heard in the 2005 session. Both cases address the constitutionality of religious
monuments on government grounds, more specifically, the Ten Commandments, or Decalogue,
in the form of a monument display. Both case petitioners asserted the displays were a violation
of the First Amendment, precisely of the Establishment Clause: “Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” Both cases were
given ​writ of ​certiorari​. ​Both cases raised the same issue, but the cases had different outcomes.
One display was held to be constitutional and the other was ruled unconstitutional, evoking the
question: What was the intent of the First Amendment designers, and how does the ​stare decisis
of the First Amendment, specifically in regard to the Establishment Clause, pertain to the
differing opinions handed down by the Supreme Court?
A key point that is further developed is the primacy of religion within the founding of the
United States and the subsequent establishment of the Constitution. The totality of what it means
to “respect” an “establishment” of religion is examined. The role of the Ten Commandments as
they pertain to the United States central government and the law of the Constitution are
examined. The totality of the circumstances of the two cases is viewed through the prism of the
intended outcome and interpretation of the Constitution. It is the prism of a democratic republic
and not a judicial review.

Moringa oleifera is considered one of the most useful trees being pro moted across the world for its nutritional value. Ho wever, the production requirements of this crop are seldo m known. The study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil type and cattle manure on init ial establishment and growth of M. oleifera. Greenhouse experiments were conducted at Africa University, Zimbabwe in a 4×4 factorial treat ment structure laid in a randomized co mplete block design replicated 3 times. Sandy, sandy loam, clay loam and clay soils were used while cattle manure was applied to all the soils at levels of 0, 10, 20 and 40% on mass to mass basis. Results showed that, plant height, nu mber of branches, basal stem d iameter, root, shoot and total dry biomass significantly increased (p<0.05) with an increase in the amount of cattle manure applied. An increase of 173% in M. oleifera height was recorded where 40% manure was applied. Clay loam soils significantly increased (p<0.05) M. oleifera growth rate. The study showed that application of cattle manure in acidic gran itic sandy soils enhances the production of M. oleifera. A combination of clay loam and 40% manure was concluded as the best for M. oleifera establishment and growth.

Permission of the publisher is required for articles being reproduced or presented. Mention of a trade name or company in this publication does not imply endorsement of any product or company by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. DISCLAIMER 1. The information, representations and statements contained in this publication are provided for general scientific information purposes only. 2. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department of Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employees and agents: a) do not make any representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, completeness or currency of the information, representations or statements in this publication (including but not limited to information which has been provided by third parties); and b) shall not be liable, in negligence or otherwise, to a person for any loss, liability or damage arising out of an act or failure to act by any person in using or relying on any information, representation or statements contained in this publication. 3. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department if Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employees and agents: a) make no representations or warranty that any of the products specified in this publication ('Specified Products') are registered pursuant to the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Code Act 1994 (WA). 4. a) The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department of Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employee and agents do not endorse or recommend any Specified Product or any manufacturer of a Specified Product. Brand, trade and proprietary names have been be used solely for the purpose of assisting users of this publication to identify products. b) Products that are not Specified Products ('Alternative Products') may perform as well as or better than Specified Products. 5. Users of any chemical product should always read the label on the product before use and should follow the directions specified on the label.

Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) are known or potential vectors to humans of several arboviruses. Albania was the first European country colonized by Ae. albopictus in 1979 which was dispersed after in the majority of European countries including the countries closest to the Maghreb. In Algeria, the identification of Ae. albopictus was carried out in 2010, 2014 and 2015. In Morocco, the detection of this mosquito in three breeding sites in the same province of Rabat in 2015 indicates the establishment of Ae. albopictus in the country. This new species will rapidly invade the other countries of northern Africa given the important aerial and maritime links with Southern Europe. The reinforcement of border surveillance is necessary to prevent onward transmission among the local population especially with the vectorial competence of this dangerous vector and the increase of imported arboviruses.

The Asian ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis (HA) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a generalist predator long valued as a biocontrol agent of pestiferous aphids and other invertebrates. However, HA has become highly invasive in North America and Europe. The beetle is eurytopic, broadly polyphagous, very dispersive and phenotypically highly plastic. In the United States and Europe, this pest is implicated in adverse ecological impacts involving changes in invaded communities through interspecific competition and intraguild predation. Additionally, HA can be a household nuisance, and affect human health and agricultural production. The beetle has now reached South Africa. A founder population has become established in the Western Cape province, and the species has also been collected in the Eastern Cape province. We present illustrated diagnoses of HA and selected resident South African Coccinellidae with which it may be confused. There is reason to suspect that HA will spread rapidly through much of South Africa and beyond and bring to bear its negative consequences here. The early detection of this incursion presents a rare opportunity to study an anticipated biological invasion virtually from its beginning.

Study and Analysis of Separated Employees working in other organization The study is focused towards attrition analysis to improve engagement, job satisfaction, productivity and retention at the organization. Essentially two steps are involved in formulating the problem, understanding the problem thoroughly, and rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an analytical point of view undertook extensive survey connected with the problem for this purpose. For this purpose, the abstracting and indexing journals and published or unpublished bibliographies are the first place to go to. Academic journals, conference proceedings, government reports, books etc., must be tapped depending on the nature of the problem. I collected my literature review from the internet, government reports, books etc. The research problem having been formulated in clear cut terms, the preparation of such a design facilitated research to be as efficient as possible yielding maximal information and collection of relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money. There were several ways of collecting the appropriate data which differ considerably in context of money costs, time and other resources at the disposal of the researcher. Primary data can be collected either through experiment or through survey. I collected data from the exit interview and through questionnaire. The analysis of data required a number of closely related operations such as establishment of categories, the application of these categories to raw data through coding, tabulation and then drawing statistical inferences. Towards the end of the main text, I put down the results of his research clearly and precisely. In fact, it is the final summing up. At the end of the report, appendix is enlisted in respect of all technical data. Lastly, on the basis of the preceding steps, recommendations were presented with the updated and improvised processes. I. INTRODUCTION A.

Teknik Kökenli YAZITBİLİM VE ARKEOLOJİ ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ makro planda, gerçekleştirilmesi toplum için İstanbul ve Türkiye için bir gereksinim. Türkiye’nin bu konulardaki hareket kabiliyetini arttıracak itibarını yükseltecek bir girişim. Yapmaya çalıştığımız teknik kökenli bir “Yazıt Bilim ve Arkeoloji Araştırma Enstitüsü” kurabilmek.
Düşündüğümüz Enstitü Arkeometri’yi de içeren, ama çok daha geniş kapsamlı ve teknik yetenekli olacak. ESR, OSR gibi arkeolojik tarihlendirmeleri yapabilmenin yanında Paleolitik dönem malzeme bilgisi ve belirlemesi gibi yetenekleri de olacak.
Enstitü 3 Anabilim Dalı olacak:
Arkeometri Anabilim Dalı/ Department of Archaeometry
Arkeolojik Malzemeler Anabilim Dalı/ Department of Archaeological Materials
Yazıtbilim Anabilim Dalı/ Department of Inscription Science
Arkeometrinin büyük kısmını oluşturan Arkeolojideki tarihlendirme yöntemlerinin hepsi nükleer Enerjinin konusu. Buna en iyi desteği verecek İTÜ Nükleer enerji bölümü, Enstitünün ikinci kısmı olacak Arkeolojik Malzemeler konusunda da KOÇ Üniversitesi Arkeoloji bölümü en uygun desteği verebilir.
Enstitü hem bu İstanbul arkeolojik keşfinin araştırmasının ilk cildinde [1]  kodlanmış 360 buluntunun tarihlendirilmesini, malzemesi henüz belirlenmemiş olan bazılarının  malzemelerinin belirlenmesini gerçekleştirecek ve yeni bulunacak buluntularda bu tarihlendirmelerin İstanbul’da buluntu yerinde yapılabilmesini sağlayacak, hem de bu konularda araştırmalar yapacak ve yüksek lisans doktora dereceleri verecek programları olacak ve teknik yönü güçlü mezunlar yetiştirecek.
……………………………………
[1] N.Derya Varol “The Archaeological Discovery of Istanbul Paleolithic Culture I - Arrowheads, Spearheads, Lithic Tools and Sculptures“ 2017, 447 pages

A diligente marca grafiteira Banksy, que circunscreve os muros do globo desde meados da década passada, está na lanterna da diáspora artística de sua geração: exposições com residência nas potencialidades, exposições com residência na volta ao mundo -em ambos os sentidos. No paradoxo, esse heterônimo retém e preserva anonimamente a autoria (individual ou coletiva) e alcança repercussão mundial e aprovação popular novidadeiras para a arte urbana. Alcança também inserção: ainda maior ineditismo encontra-se na proposta coextensiva que Banksy hoje melhor representa entre os espaços expositivos intramuros e extramuros, tradicionalmente avessos entre si. Uma pendularidade para a qual os artistas de rua se apresentam cada vez mais aptos e eticamente harmonizados, selando a reorientação do contracultural mesmo dentro da contemporaneidade, e selando ainda mais a decantação da cizânia, da segregação mútua entre o institucional e o periférico: relevam-se contrariedades aparentemente terminais e revelam-se acessos de uns para os outros.

This article provides a new framework for analyzing the dynamics of U.S. foreign policy establishment in the Trump administration. Since Trump became the President of the United States in 2017, the foreign policy establishment has changed drastically to the point that it now consists of three ideologies: internationalism, nationalism, and Trumpism. Though the three ideologies may contradict, they coexist and, above all, take the helm of American foreign policy. The nature of competing yet coexisting three ideologies is defined as “triadic relationship”. This article argues that internationalism and nationalism are sometimes eclipsed by Trumpism, but they are not be completely silenced once overshadowed by Trumpism. Rather, when Trumpism reaches its goals, it will “juggle back” enabling nationalism and internationalism to resume their duties. Moreover, the distinctions between internationalism, internationalism, and Trumpism are not clearly drawn in the sense that internationalism and Trumpism can only be associated with security issues whereas nationalism is connected to economic ones. Instead, any ideology can compete in the security or economic realm, and briefly dominates U.S. foreign policy in a "juggling back and forth" way. In conclusion, the triadic relationship, along with the concept of juggling back and forth, can clarify the complexities of President Trump’s foreign policy and the dynamics inside the foreign policy establishment.

This BMJ article, is the first ever published mention of the first medical college established in Baghdad, Iraq in 1927. EXCITING HISTORY.
The conclusion of a new treaty of alliance between Great Britain and Iraq (writes a correspondent), and the prospect of the early admission of Iraq to the League of nations, has brought into prominence the political and economic progress of "The Land of Two Rivers" since the accession of King Faisal. In educational matters, too, great strides have been made, and the infant Al-Al-Beit University of Baghdad already possesses Faculties of Religion, Agriculture, and Medicine.

PROLOGO AL LIBRO DE ELKIN EMILIO VILLEGAS, "LA CURA DEL SENTIMIENTO DE CULPA Y LA DEPRESIÓN", REALIZADO POR MÍ, A PEDIDO DEL AUTOR,  EN EL QUE SE DISCUTEN DISTINTAS METAS DE LA CURA PSICOANALÍTICA DESDE DIFERENTES ESCUELAS, CON UNA CRÍTICA A LOS DOGMATISMOS, EN TANTO LAS INSTITUCIONES PSICOANALÍTICAS FUNCIONAN COMO CUALQUIER INSTITUCIÓN HUMANA, CON SUS CONFLICTOS, SUS PROBLEMAS Y EL PROPIO MALESTAR EN SU CULTURA, LO CUAL INCIDE EN LA FORMACIÓN DE LOS PSICOANALISTAS, QUE HACE QUE EL QUE PIENSE DISTINTO SEA ANATEMA.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta de criação, na UFGD (Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados), em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, de um curso de graduação em Antropologia. O curso é proposto por meio da articulação entre a Antropologia Sociocultural e a Arqueologia, com uma única entrada por meio de processo seletivo, dois anos de formação em comum e dois anos de formação específica em um dos dois campos do conhecimento. A proposta também é baseada nas experiências acumuladas em outras universidades brasileiras e vai ao encontro de demandas consolidadas e crescentes
no país e no MERCOSUL para profissionais dessas áreas.

Responding to several new histories of church and state in America, this Article warns against the emerging view that separation of church and state is a distinctly American and relatively modern invention that has been used principally to harm religion and religious freedom. The Article traces the historical roots and routes of the principle of separation of church and state in biblical, patristic, Catholic, Protestant, and Enlightenment sources. It then shows how the eighteenth-century American founders used this principle to press five religious liberty concerns: protection of the state from the church; protection of the church from the state; protection of liberty of conscience from both church and state; protection of the new states from the federal government in their treatment of religion; and protection of citizens from unwelcome support and participation in religion. Finally, the article analyses the uses and misuses of this principle in the later history of American law.

This paper discusses how the establishment of Indramayu become a regency as now. Some previous papers about establishment of Indramayu is often associated with a figure named Wiralodra. To explore traces the establishment Indramayu became a regency there are a few things to consider. First, situation of Indramayu before becoming a regency. Second, about the lingkages between Wiralodra with the establishment of Indramayu as a regency. Third, the process of change in the administrative status of Indramayu. The methods used to discuss these issues are the historical method consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. From this study, authors obtain about the condition of Indramayu before becoming a regency. Meanwhile lingkages between Wiralodra who had been believed to be founder Indramayu with establishment of Indramayu as a regency discussed by the historical fact. As well as the change of name and area before becoming Regency of Indramayu discussed by a government decision in various Staatsblad and Besluit.---Abstrak Tulisan ini membahas tentang bagaimana pembentukan Indramayu menjadi sebuah pusat pemerintahan setingkat kabupaten seperti sekarang. Dari beberapa karya tulis yang telah ada pembentukan Indramayu sering dikaitkan dengan tokoh bernama Wiralodra. Untuk menelusuri jejak-jejak pembentukan Indramayu menjadi sebuah kabupaten ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Pertama, keadaan Indramayu sebelum menjadi sebuah kabupaten. Kedua, tentang keterkaitan antara tokoh Wiralodra dengan pembentukan Indramayu sebagai sebuah kabupaten. Ketiga adalah proses perubahan status administratif Indramayu. Adapun metode yang digunakan untuk membahas persoalan tersebut adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Dari penelitian ini penulis mendapatkan temuan-temuan tentang kondisi Indramayu sebelum menjadi sebuah kabupaten. Adapun keterkaitan antara tokoh Wiralodra yang selama ini diyakini sebagai pendiri Indramayu dengan pembentukan Indramayu sebagai sebuah kabupaten dibahas berdasarkan fakta historis yang penulis dapatkan. Begitupun perubahan nama dan luas wilayah sebelum menjadi Kabupaten Indramayu dibahas berdasarkan keputusan pemerintah dalam berbagai Staatsblad dan Besluit.DOI: 10.15408/al-turas.v23i1.4793

Foundation. The issue of forestalling and fighting debasement at the phases of preclinical examination and clinical preliminaries of prescriptions is important, in light of the fact that the quality, unprejudiced, objective and solid exploration relies upon the wellbeing and nature of the investigational restorative items, and eventually the lives and soundness of the enormous number of patients who will get these therapeutic items. Materials and strategies. The materials of this article are ebb and flow moral and global legitimate standards for leading preclinical examination and clinical preliminaries of clinical items, The accompanying strategies, for example, doctrinal relative lawful, basic utilitarian, technique for enlightening hunt and framework logical strategy are applied. Results. Breaking down the reports of universal associations, for example, WHO, Transparency International and others, momentum law, including the law of various nations of the world, the ebb and flow logical tenet of fighting defilement in the pharmaceutical division, just as by addressing important specialists, we can presume that debasement offenses at the phase of preclinical examination and clinical preliminaries, meds are and stay a critical issue, which genuinely disregards human rights to wellbeing. This difficult should be effectively tended to and concentrated both broadly and universally. Ends: Substantial decrease of pharmaceutical defilement issues in the preclinical exploration and clinical preliminaries stage can be accomplished by building an arrangement of medication research utilizing the accompanying techniques for balancing debasement: restricting direct subsidizing for sedate examination by those examination customers research and the making of an uncommon open establishment occupied with the association of such examination; checking and looking at research results; straightforwardness and responsibility of examination; digitization of examination and the board forms; rejuvenation of common society foundations; inside authoritative consistence of hostile to defilement prerequisites of pharmaceutical organizations, research establishments and administrative bodies; WHO observing exercises. In doing as such, this framework ought to be at the core of a universal deal so as to orchestrate research guidelines at worldwide and national levels.

Tuna nehri tarih boyunca ona hâkim olan her otorite / devlet tarafından askerî ve ticarî amaçlarla kullanılmıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndan önce Roma İmparatorluğu, Macarlar ve Sırplar tarafından kullanılan nehir, sağladığı tüm avantajları ile hâkim devletlere önemli fırsatlar sunmuştur.
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun fetihleri Orta Avrupa’ya doğru ilerlediğinde önlerinde, savunması için yeni tedbirler almalarını gerektirecek bir nehir bulunuyordu. Kendilerinden önce inşa edilmiş kadim kaleleri tamir etmek ve yeni kale veya palangalar yapmak suretiyle savunmayı güçlendirmek öncelikli tedbirdi. Ancak nehirde bir filo yüzdürmek suretiyle seyrüsefer ve sahillerin güvenliğini temin, savunmayı güçlendirme ve lojistik operasyonları hızlı ve güvenli hale getirmek için imparatorluğun çeşitli denemeler yaptığı görülmektedir. Kanunî Sultan Süleyman devrinden itibaren nehrin çeşitli bölgelerine yerel kapudanlar tayin edilmiştir. Bazen de nehrin adıyla anılarak görevlendirilen “Tuna Kapudanları” tayin edilmiştir. Kapudanların tayin usulleri, görevleri, malî ve idarî sorumluluklarına dair bulgular oldukça aydınlatıcı bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bu bakımdan yerel kapudanlıklar, sorumluluk ve görev alanlarının değişimi ilk teşebbüsleri anlamlandırmak açısından dikkatle ele alınacaktır. Bununla birlikte Tersâne-i Âmire’den desteklenen inşa faaliyetleri yanında nehrin çeşitli yerlerinde yürütülen ufak çaplı gemi tamir faaliyetleri henüz tam teşekküllü Tuna nehri tersanelerinin kurulmadığına işaret etmektedir.
17. yüzyılda Tuna Donanması’nın ulaştığı kapasite, kabiliyet ve teşkilât yapısı, Kanunî Sultan Süleyman devrindeki teşebbüsleri anlamlandırmak için dikkate değer bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bütün nehri tek bir kapudanlık altında yöneten Osmanlılar, gemi inşa faaliyetleri, insan gücü temini ve yönetimi, sefer lojistiğini destekleme ve nehir donanmasını savunma zincirinin halkası olarak kullanmak üzere gayret gösterdikleri görülmektedir.
Orta Avrupa’da Osmanlı serhaddinin yapısı akılda tutularak yapılacak tespitler donanmanın kuruluş aşamalarını daha açık görmemizi sağlayabilir. Zira serhadde çeşitli zorunluluklarla şekillenen nehir ve kale savunma yapısı, Osmanlıların tüm nehir donanmasının idarî teşkilâtını dikkatle kurguladıklarını göstermektedir. Böylelikle Tuna Donanması’nın faaliyetleri, idarî teşkilâtı el verdiği ölçüde gelişmiştir. Gerekli görüldüğünde idarî teşkilâtta yapılan değişiklikler Osmanlıların nehri daha etkin kullanmasını sağlamıştır.
Arşiv belgeleri ve literatürden elden edilen bilgi ve bulgular, Kanunî Sultan Süleyman devrinin öncesi ve sonrasında Tuna Nehri’nin kullanımına dair bilgiler ile kıyaslanmak suretiyle bu dönemdeki yaklaşım ve değişimler üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu bakımdan, Tuna Donanması’nın 17. yüzyıl sonuna kadarki tekâmül süreci bulgularla tartışmaya açılacak ve çeşitli tespitlerde bulunulacaktır.

Felicitari, Congratulations Donald J. Trump! Acesta a castigat alegerile in SUA! Felicitari americanilor pentru ca, in sfarsit, au dat dovada de maturitate. Sa nu uitam ca poporul american, al SUA, este o reprezentare a intregii lumi. Sunt alcatuiti din noi, toti. Vom vedea o noua abordare? Inclusiv in Romania? Toti pupaciosii in cur ai structurii gaunoase a Americii, vor trece pe linie moarta? Vom incepe relatii de cooperare cu Rusia?

What influence might legal aesthetics have on the shape of religious freedom? Focusing on time and space as foundational elements of the perception of phenomena, this paper argues that these aesthetic intuitions are an under-examined and yet elemental component of what conditions and shapes religious freedom in liberal constitutional orders. If one takes law to be a cultural form, attention to these basic facets of legal perception is essential to understanding law’s encounter with religion. Drawing from a range of examples in the Canadian jurisprudence, this paper shows that legal approaches to religious diversity, multiculturalism, tolerance, and accommodation are all subject to and framed by these aesthetic intuitions. To wonder about the possibilities open to us for responding to religious diversity through the law requires recognizing and wrestling with the temporal and spatial aesthetics of religious freedom.