Ecotourism

Wykład poświęcony jest przedstawieniu walorów turystycznych parków narodowych w Rwandzie (Volcanoes National Park, Akagera National Park, Nyungwe National Park, Gishwati National Park). Walory te omówione zostaną na tle współczesnego ruchu turystycznego w Rwandzie oraz unikatowych komponentów środowiska przyrodniczego, stanowiących przyrodniczy potencjał turystyczny w tym państwie.

Tourism and the sharing of the associated revenues with local people have been increasingly fronted as key instruments for maintaining protected areas (PAs) globally. This paper focuses on a tourism revenue sharing scheme employed in Uganda's Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, involving rural farmers. We fi nd that the scheme faces diffi culties in integrating with the existing local historical, socioeconomic , and institutional landscapes. Similar experiences from other cases suggest that these challenges are generic, and relate to lack of real local participation; an insignifi cant scale of economic returns to local people relative to costs; inept institutions in charge of planning, managing and evaluation efforts; and an institutional complexity that constrains most activities. We conclude that although tourism revenue sharing is an appealing concept, and its oft-quoted logic of promoting conservation and rural development is diffi cult to ignore, it is challenging to plan and implement in competent ways. We do not suggest abandoning tourism revenue sharing, but rather believe that a more concerted effort to overcome the mechanism's economic and institutional shortcomings, as identifi ed in this paper, may be more appropriate. The overall fi ndings indicate that problems are not with tourism revenue sharing as an ambition, but with the diffi culties encountered in putting it into practice.

This article deals with the role of community-based ecotourism for strengthening human and social capitals as well as for enhancing culture and forest livelihood of riverbank dwellers in the Tapajós region, in central Amazonia. The research was done based on the premise that ecotourism can be a potential avenue for putting in evidence local culture, identity and singular lifestyles as while it can contribute to strengthen the local networks which can result in collective material and immaterial advantages. The analysis examines the hypothesis that outsiders (the tourists) once they travel to and stay with local communities, they become the primary agents who are in a position to perceive the main aspects of values, beliefs and routines as particularities of an Amazonian livelihood. Even though the visitors usually stay a few days in a certain community, they end up paying enough attention to what the locals tell and do. This way, the tourists involuntarily put the locals at the centre of their visit, to the extent the locals start realizing how important their forest lifestyle is. This argument certainly does not aim at validating the "spetacularisation" of forest people, of their environment and of their culture. Instead, the authors are rather interested in the processes through which outsiders can direct or indirectly-as ecotourism participants-contribute to improve the quality of life and to raise self-esteem of riverbank dwellers. Some Amazonian peoples (of remote areas) usually have a feeling of periphery and of marginalization, because they do not take part in the 'developed metropolitan world'. The self-esteem factor gets relevance in an academic debate, because the Amazonian peoples hold a feeling of being periphery and marginal in reason of not being part of a 'developed metropolitan world'; and this may cause adverse effects on their attitude and expectations. The investigation has a qualitative approach in order to produce descriptive data. Open and semi-structured interviews and participant observation were the main methods used for getting information from the riverbank dwellers.

Chapter 3 Research Setting 3.1 Study Sites 3.2 Village level governance 3.3 Livelihood and farming practices 3.4 Research preparation 3.5 Research and sampling design 3.5.1 Household interviews 3.5.2 Community Tourism Management Committee (CTMC) interviews 3.6 Data analysis the members of my committee, Professor Stephen F. Siebert and Asst. Professor Keith Bosak for their expertise and support. I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to the communities of Monpa (Jangbi, Wangling and Phrumzur villages) and Khengpa (Nimshong, Nabji and Korphu) who participated in my research. This thesis would not have been possible without their willingness to welcome me into their community and homes and share their experiences, concerns and expectations with me. I would also like to thank the McArthur Foundation for funding my graduate study including this research that was made available Professors Jill Belsky and Steve Siebert. So I remain very thankful for your generosity, Professors. I also remain thankful to Dr. Sonam Wangyel Wang, Chief Forestry Officer, Wildlife Conservation Division, Bhutan, for his guidance and generous support in the process of my study. Finally, I would like to thank my family who has always been supportive in every single moment at times of the study.

The aim of this study is to examine sustainability of rural tourism and world heritage tourism in mountainous areas. An empirical case study was conducted in Kannogawa Ward of Totsukawa Village, located along the Kumano-Kodo Kohechi Pilgrimage Route designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2004. Since then, Kohechi has got some tourists. However, there were almost no accommodation facilities in Kannogawa Ward. Meanwhile, "Children rural mountain fishing village exchange project" which was one of measures to promote rural tourism was introduced by national government, for the fifth year grade pupils at elementary schools. More than 10 farmers in Kannogawa began accepting children from 2008. However, due to the aging of the farmers, the project sorting of promotion measures in national government, and a disaster caused by typhoon in 2011, only 2 farm inns and a cottage are currently maintained. Due to the promotional activities to foreign people conducted by Tanabe City Kumano Tourism Bureau, number of visitors who walk Kohechi has increased, although visits by children and families aimed at rural experiences have almost disappeared. Factors of continuing the management of 2 farm inns are that there are multiple members of the family who run the business, they are relatively healthy, and there are other sources of income, moreover, their passion and pleasure to interact with tourists are high. The results show that, although socioeconomic situation is severe in the study area, the promotion of rural tourism made existence of accommodation facilities that can respond to increase the number of World Heritage tourists, regional visualization, residents' understanding of tourists, local food materials, local and domestic fans at home and abroad possible. Rural tourism is a key not only for sustaining the pilgrimage route designated as World Heritage but for sustaining the rural communities located along the route in remote rural areas.

TORONTO, ON -Designing Ecological Tourism (DET) is a research platform led by assistant professor Aziza Chaouni out of the Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design. Since 2008, DET has brought together faculty members from the University of Toronto, Ryerson University, international experts, local stakeholders, government officials and graduate students to research collaboratively the challenges faced by ecotourism in the developing world. DET has recently launched a new website, http://www.designingecologicaltourism.com, to promote their research findings and have compiled research into two forthcoming publications: Visiting the Desert: Natural Reserve and Ecotourism in the Sahara, and Revenez au désert.

Human societies have a long history of incorporating elements of the past into the present; never more has this been the case than today. For centuries, if not millennia, creative artists and writers, architects and fashion designers, publicists and advertisers have borrowed freely from the tangible and intangible heritage of other times and places. There is plentiful evidence of how fundamentally human achievement has depended upon the transmission of knowledge across cultures....In the context of increasingly rapid and global diffusion of tradition-specific images, ideas, and material culture, it is now often a default assumption that ancient objects and images are elements of a shared legacy of humanity.  In this spirit, a growing contingent of scholars and activists aggressively defend the free flow of ideas, images, and knowledge—within and between societies, ancient and modern—on grounds that this is essential to innovation and creativity. Proponents of the Open Access and A2K movements speak of the importance of sharing the world’s vast knowledge, while scholars such as Laurence Lessig, James Boyle, and Kembow McLeod (among others) point to the stifling effects of restrictions on open exchange. Frequently the advocates of open access draw attention to benefits that flow to the source communities and cultures (or their descendants), as well as to the recipients who draw inspiration from the cultural heritage of others. Even if economic benefits don’t flow equitably, so the argument goes, the open exchange of tradition-specific objects, practices, ideas, and knowledge may play an ambassadorial role, fostering cross-cultural understanding and respect....

Ecotourism is seen as a mechanism by which environmental conservation can be promoted and attained. Nevertheless, nature conservation NGOs do not really understand that ecotourism has unforeseen consequences. Anthropologists can be good mediators between the conservation NGOs and the communities that are the targets of their ecotourism projects. This paper describes a case study in which the authors were indirectly consultants for The Nature Conservancy in Guatemala and the manner in which they served as a social conscience for the NGO. The authors also served as assistants in developing a collaborative network for tourism projects that have had direct benefits both in the short run and in the long run for the communities participating in those projects. The conclusion drawn from the case study is that applied anthropologists can play a significant role in mitigating the negative economic effects of conservation projects that are designed mainly to help wildlife rather than people. ...

Ecotourism is an important tool for biodiversity conservation in protected areas. However, high visitation rates and intensive public use can affect the wildlife. The present study aimed to evaluate vertebrate foraging in areas under different levels of human influence in the Tijuca National Park, a protected area within the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We used baits to attract vertebrates in areas with and without visitor facilities, at distances of 5, 35, and 100 meters from the road. We have analyzed the removal of bait by vertebrates in such treatments and identify higher consumption associated to greater human presence. The presence of visitors and visitor facilities (e.g., parking lots, barbecue pits, picnic tables, and playgrounds) significantly increases bait consumption. Park managers should consider the negative impacts of tourism on wildlife searching for ways to minimize them. RESUMO O ecoturismo é uma importante ferramenta para a conservação da biodivers...

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This article describes emerging structures of power and informal workers’ everyday resistance in the context of a European Union ecotourism project in the post-industrial Romanian mining town of Bălan. In 2011 and 2012, a public-private partnership began demolishing Bălan’s mine buildings, a project that exemplifies neoliberal capitalist urban renewal. The project also featured a new hybrid of urban reconstruction and urban mining: the extraction and resale of metal from anthropogenic supplies in wasted post-industrial buildings. Unemployed industrial workers, whom I call “informal urban miners,” collected and sold metal alongside formal workers. Of primary importance to informal urban miners was attuning their skill and mode of communication to the demolition company’s workers and heavy machinery. Although at first glance it looked like informal urban mining facilitated their integration into Bălan’s neoliberal economy, I argue that this work offered unexpected opportunities for transgressing project organizers’ authority. Urban anthropologists often overlook such practices when, as in the case of informal urban mining, the differences between resistance and market activity are subtle and contingently negotiated. Informal urban miners’ skill and communicative practices were complexly embedded in emerging structures of power in the post-industrial city: simultaneously a necessity of the working environment, a way of sustaining a livelihood, and a way to transgress the very order that produces and reproduces such wasted urban environments.

Ecotourism has been recognized as the backbone of economies of many developing countries with unspoilt nature which attracts tourists whose main motivations are natural beauties and local cultures. It provides economic and social benefits to host communities by expanding the community's economic base. Western Black Sea Region in Turkey is fortunate with its rich ecotourism resources and high potential for the development of ecotourism. This paper aims to explore the ecotourism landscape of Western Black Sea Region and to determine existing ecotourism activities. It also focuses on the impact of ecotourism activities in terms of the development of regional economy.

Many bird populations worldwide are at risk of extinction, and rely heavily on protected area networks for their continued conservation. Tourism to these areas contributes to conservation by generating revenue for management. Here we quantify the contribution of tourism revenue for bird species in the IUCN Red List, using a simple accounting method. Relevant data are available for 90 (16%) of the 562 critically endangered and endangered species. Contributions of tourism to bird conservation are highest, 10-64%, in South America, Africa, and their neighbouring islands. Critically endangered bird species rely on tourism more heavily than endangered species (p,0.02). Many protected areas could also enhance their management budgets by promoting birdwatching tourism specifically.

O presente trabalho apresenta os principais resultados de uma pesquisa feita no PETAR, no núcleo Santana de visitação, e no Bairro da Serra, comunidade referência para o Parque localizada em Iporanga, SP. O objetivo do estudo foi detectar as percepções dos turistas quanto aos impactos socioambientais gerados pelo turismo nos atrativos do Parque e na comunidade receptora. Para tanto, foram feitas pesquisas bibliográficas e entrevistas em campo com 63 turistas, tendo por base um formulário com cinco questões abertas. Os resultados foram agrupados e analisados em função de duas variáveis selecionadas: idade e grau de escolaridade. A maioria dos entrevistados possui nível superior completo, em uma faixa etária entre 15 e 34 anos. Na visão dos turistas, os impactos gerados nos atrativos do parque é predominantemente negativo, e na comunidade, positivo. Das conclusões obtidas, ressalta-se a hipótese de que a capacidade de carga física e psicológica, aliada ao respeito à comunidade local e à compreensão das necessidades dos visitantes e visitados são fatores fundamentais para a sustentabilidade do ecoturismo no PETAR e para a ampliação dos benefícios diretos para a comunidade do Bairro da Serra.

Biodiversity Conservation can play the vital role in improving the living standard of the local people. Conflict which have now become synonymous with the protected area can be minimized, if park contribute to the living standard of the local people. Ecotourism is one of the option, where the people travel to relatively undisturbed area having unique appeal. Ecotourism have been used in various parts of the world to ease the relation of park and people. Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve (DHR) is in search of such tool to ease relation between park authority and local people. Thus, evaluation was made to determine the potentiality of DHR as ecotourism destination. Uniqueness in landscape, willingness of the local people to participate in ecotourism related activities and floral, faunal and cultural diversity all enhance the possibility of development of ecotourism at DHR. For this to be accomplished, curriculum design and training to build the capacity of local people are the primary requirement along with improvement of physical facilities. Upon addressing this issues, DHR will emerge as a suitable destination for eco-tourists for five month between May to October. This will ultimately contribute to conservation of biodiversity in the region.

Flagship species are often key in marketing ecotourism. Such flagships, however, are frequently perceived differently by local communities and tourists, which could undermine the function of flagships in conservation. This article investigated the differences between locals' and tourists' perceptions about potential bird and tree flagships in sacred groves in the north Western Ghats, India, by surveying 154 villagers and 148 tourists. Tourists generally appreciated aesthetic value, but villagers had species-specific views that incorporate use, cultural, and aesthetic values of these species. The results imply that the views of tourists potentially complement the existing values of these species for villagers by promoting ecotourism. Our results suggest the importance of considering both tourists' and locals' perspectives if conservationists aim to promote ecotourism using flagships, and if they are to harness the support of local communities and strive for both biological and social sustainability.

The article discusses the efforts to undertake economic reconstruction in Bosnia following the end of the war. It argues that, despite certain successes such as the rehabilitation of
infrastructure and the privatization of the banking sector, overall progress has been below expectations. The study, accordingly, attempts to analyse the reasons behind the reconstruction
failure by grouping Bosnia’s problems into four different challenges for analytical purposes: the post-Dayton institutional deficiency; overcoming political fragmentation; creating appropriate conditions for economic revival; and graduating from dependency on foreign economic aid. In this respect, it is concluded that the intersection between the economic and political dimensions of post-conflict reconstruction has generated a paradox: while huge amounts of economic assistance have intended to facilitate political reconciliation, the nature of the administrative (political) structure that was established in the post-war period has in turn hindered economic
recovery and the creation of a unified economic space. Moreover, political fragmentation and slow progress in economic reconstruction have been in a mutually constitutive relationship in which the existence of the one has contributed to the sustenance of the other.

Libro publicado en 1978 que relata los pormenores y la situación del esfuerzo inicial para establecer el sistema nacional de áreas protegidas del Perú. Describe los avances realizados para 14 importantes áreas protegidas, entre ellos Manu, Huascarán, Machu Picchu, Titicaca y Cerros de Amotape.
Book published in 1978 that relates the details and the situation of the initial effort to establish the national system of protected areas of Peru. It describes the progress made for 14 important protected areas, including Manu, Huascarán, Machu Picchu, Titicaca and Cerros de Amotape.

We assessed the effects of increasing human activity on brown bear Ursus arctos use of a salmon spawning stream by comparing observations (865h) collected 1988-1990 to those (293h) from 1992 when human activities extended a week later into the fall feeding period (26 August-12 October). We classified individual adult bears according to their tolerance of people as "habituated', or 'non-habituated'," sub-adults were considered a third behavioural class. In 1992, non-habituated adults (n = 14 of 22 total adults) reduced their activity in apparent response to an extended lodge season, by delaying their use of the river by 17 days. In contrast, habituated adult bear activity remained similar among years, and sub-adult activity increased >four-fold in 1992. We suggest that the human-induced decrease in non-habituated adult activity may have allowed the increased levels of sub-adult activity.

BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Community-based Ecotourism is increasingly recognized as a form of sustainable development designed to promote local livelihood, environmental conservation and culture. However, like all development projects, participation and benefits accrued are complicated by contextual factors and social structures, including gender. Using gender analysis tools commonly employed in Gender and Development research, this study investigates women's participation in a community-based ecotourism project in northern Vietnam. Applying Longwe's empowerment framework reveals a more equitable division of labor, increased income, self-confidence and community involvement, and new leadership roles for women. However, inequities of social class, childcare, and violence against women remained outstanding. The study concludes with recommendations for research and practice in community-based ecotourism from a gender perspective.

There is little doubt that marine turtles are a flagship species for wildlife tourism.  In some cases, this has turned out to be liability for sea turtle conservation, but in other cases, where for example turtle-based ecotourism has been developed, it has made a positive contribution to turtle conservation.  Examples of both cases are given.  Particular attention is given to the development of turtle-based ecotourism at Mon Repos Beach near Bundaberg, Australia.  This development is set in its historical context and its contribution to conservation is discussed.  Headstart projects for sea turtles in Sri Lanka are a tourist attraction.  While they are promoted as having positive conservation consequences and a survey indicates that visitors are on the whole convinced of this, their effects on turtle conservation is uncertain.  The farming of sea turtles provides a basis for tourism and can contribute to turtle conservation in ways outlined.  It is argued that insufficient attention has been given to legends, culture and history associated with sea turtles in the promotion of turtle-based tourism.  This is supported by Australian evidence.  Insufficient use has been made of the connections of indigenous Australians with sea turtles in turtle-based tourism.  Beneficial scope exist for developing connections between man and turtles further than at present in promoting turtle-based tourism.  This could add further to the role of turtle-based tourism in promoting turtle conservation.

There is now an increasing trend of mundane and fashionable world to live together in with the environment, to spend more time in nature, to be closer to all that is unpolluted, peaceful and less known. Tourists requiring nature holidays in rural areas are becoming more and more. Ecotourism in the countryside or in the full nature is increasingly desired by people who live in urban areas with a high financial situation, but stressed out, eager to return to the nature, to the life in rural communities. Ecotourism, sustainable tourism and slow travel-all this forms of tourism have common points in terms of quality of time spent by tourists on holiday and allow them to appreciate a holiday spent far more profound, enabling them to return to long forgotten places and traditions, especially for tourists who come from highly developed countries or in those areas where they only partially preserved traditions and customs, living conditions.

In Australia, geotourism is defined as tourism which focuses on an area's geology and landscape as the basis for providing visitor engagement, learning and enjoyment. Geotourism has great potential as a new nature-based tourism product. Where-ever tourism contributes a direct environmental benefit to a visited location, its clients gain empathy for the holistic heritage of the area, and this reward creates enhanced customer loyalty to the operator. The Australian Government’s 1994 National Ecotourism Strategy considered that ecotourists may include a mix of independent travelers, people who travel in organised groups of a scientific, educational or recreational nature, and individuals or families who are interested in an ecotourism experience as part of a varied holiday. Having regard to demographic and lifestyle considerations, it had been considered that geotourism, if positioned as an alternative, knowledge-adding product could attract a different demographic i.e. affluent ov...

This study was conducted to assess three stakeholders’ level of involvement in coral reef conservation activities in Perhentian Island. The stakeholders participated in this study encompassed of the Besut District Department of Marine Parks (Terengganu), local entrepreneurs and tourists. A total of 200 respondents were selected to answer the survey questionnaire. The chi-square test results found a difference in the level of involvement among stakeholders with the Besut District Department of Marine Parks (Terengganu) and local entrepreneurs has the highest level of involvement, while there was low involvement with the tourists. The majority (40%) of the Besut District Department of Marine Parks (Terengganu) staff were involved in the coral reef conservation at the rate of one to three times a year. Similarly, for the entrepreneurs, the majority (44%) of them also involved in the coral reef conservation at a rate one to three times a year while the majority of tourists (72%) never i...

This paper discusses about preservation of maritime archeological resources by integrating the use of wrecksite as a dive tourism object with coral reefs conservation so it can improve the community's economy. The method used in this paper is literature study in the form of an examination of library materials such as books, articles, research reports, and other notes. Main data are archeological research reports in Sungai Padang Village conducted by South Sumatra Archaeological Office in 2017 and 2019. While supporting data are publications about the use of maritime cultural heritage as a tourist attraction and its management. Wreck dive is a special interest tourism that only has less interest as other dive tourism, so it must be synergized with other dive tourism objects, such as coral reefs. The attraction of diving tourism products needs to be packaged by activities based on coral reef conservation activities and site conservation so that diving tourism attractions on wreck sites can be more preserve and sustainable. Abstrak. Tulisan ini membahas tentang pelestarian sumberdaya arkeologi maritim dengan cara mengintegrasikan pemanfaatan situs kapal tenggelam sebagai obyek wisata selam dengan konservasi terumbu karang sehingga dapat meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini berupa studi kepustakaan yang beru-pa penalaahan terhadap bahan pustaka berupa buku, artikel, laporan penelitian dan catatan lainnya. Data utama berupa laporan penelitian arkeologi di Desa Sungai Padang yang dil-akukan oleh Balai Arkeologi Sumatera Selatan tahun 2017 dan 2019. Sedangkan data pen-dukung berupa publikasi tentang pemanfaatan warisan budaya maritim sebagai objek wisata dan pengelolaannya. Wreckdive merupakan wisata minat khusus yang hanya memiliki pem-inat tidak sebanyak wisata selam lainnya sehingga harus disinergikan dengan obyek wisata selam lainnya antara lain terumbu karang. Daya tarik produk wisata selam perlu dikemas dalam bentuk kegiatan yang berbasis pada aktivitas konservasi terumbu karang dan peles-tarian situs sehingga atraksi wisata selam di situs kapal tenggelam dapat lebih terjaga dan berkelanjutan. Kata kunci: Batak pelestarian situs, ekowisata, pariwisata berkelanjutan I. PENDAHULUAN Tingginya minat para kolektor barang antik terhadap tinggalan arkeologi yang be-rasal dari kapal tenggelam menyebabkan tinggalan tersebut memiliki nilai ekonomis yang sangat tinggi. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya anggapan bahwa situs kapal tenggelam menyimpan "harta karun", bahkan terkadang juga diperparah oleh pem-beritaan yang berlebih dari media massa se-hingga menyebabkan sekelompok orang cenderung ingin memilikinya karena dapat Naskah diterima 12/02/2020; Revisi diterima 14/03/2020; Disetujui 24/03/2020

Globalization and innovative improvements are developing success as far back as the 1990s have made more prominent interest for relaxation travel. With the expanding interest of worldwide traveler landing, there will be more difficulties to face, as an example, the answer for support tourism improvement, capable courses for the present and what's to come. Tourism is an industry; however, it is a frame and specialist of advancement and change and should be perceived. To ready to make a brilliant tourism encounter, tourism industry must research and find better approaches to maintain tourism and permit the government to pass on enactment to deal with the long haul effects of tourism advancement. Article visualizations:

"Earlier provisional title was "Archaeology, Tourism, Museum...."

"This chapter is divided into two distinct sections that are positioned in a point-counterpoint structure of dialogue. These two position statements invoke the etymological meanings of the word essay, to attempt, put to the test, trial, to act out, to explore, travel, and travail. The first is an historical analysis written in the third person by an anthropologist whose expertise includes the ethnography of archaeology and the anthropology of tourism. The second is a counterpoint commentary written in the first person by an anthropologist whose specializations include Pre-Columbian and historical archaeology. Both of us have significant research experience in same area of the Maya world in Yucatán, México. From these two differing vantage points, we chart our perspectives on the relationship between archaeology and tourism in terms of the problems of exploration, protection, and exploitation.
In the first section, Castañeda takes an historical approach to the emergence of archaeology in the institutional context of the modern museum. He essays an analytical and theoretical manifesto about the deep, intimate interconnections between tourism and archaeology as revealed through an understanding of the museum. In his historical analysis of the role of archaeological representation in the museum, he identifies the sociological creation of universal heritage. He theorizes a notion of the universal citizen-heir as the implied benefactor of this universal heritage. In the second section, Mathews elaborates a commentary on this historical analysis of archaeology, tourism, heritage and the museum. Specifically, she counter-argues and assesses Castañeda theoretical and analytical claims through the use of archaeology and tourism at sites that are not postcard worthy. Together these two “attempts” grapple with the historical and contemporary interconnections between archaeology and tourism. Together we put to the test our typical assumptions about the ethics of archaeologists, tourists, and tourism promoters in the contemporary contexts in which we are now beginning to ask how and why archaeology and tourism are interwoven phenomena in today’s world.""

Ecotourism is a brilliant opportunity for women to grow both professionally and personally, while remaining to be a part of the local community where they live and work. Ecotourism can empower women in many ways. Its multidisciplinary concept can engage women with different skills, interests and passions. Working for ecotourism can be an important added value to everyday life.

Ecotourism is based on local resources, heritage, uniqueness of a place. That is why it allows women to find the sustainable livelihood that brings not only the economic benefits but also the joie de vivre and satisfaction. Ecotourism also links women with the place they live, which benefits the whole community and all its generations.

ABSTRACT
Tourism is an important sector in many countries. For the Seychelles,
it is the lifeblood of the economy. This article critically examines the
Seychelles tourism sector. Using mainly secondary data available in
the published material, it finds that most hotels and resorts are
owned by foreign transnational hotel chains with a propensity to
import personnel, technologies, food and drink. The
consequences have been stunted by the growth of local
businesses and precarious employment. The article suggests the
adoption of the concept of luxury Community-based Tourism
(CBT) which could be used as a mechanism to localize the
ownership of hotels and to address inequality and promote social
justice. Luxury CBT would involve a novel community-based
boutique tourism (CBBT) industry that takes into account the
Seychelles’ islandness.

ABSRACT Gunung Reng area is one of interesting places in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. It is located in Batu Melintang sub-district, along the East-West Expressway in Jeli district in the northwestern corner of Kelantan. Though the local people designated Gunung Reng as a " gunung " (the Malay word for " mount "), it is not a mount in the true definition but it is actually a mogote hill towering above the flat alluvial topography. This study is to discuss the public perception on promoting sustainable ecotourism at this area. This study was carried out by distributing 30 questionnaires to different respondents which consist of local government staff, local communities and visitors (foreign and domestic) to see their perception on the attitude, awareness, and the way to conserve this ecotourism site.