Education Philosophy

Neste artigo, o autor reflecte sobre a questão da justiça e dos direitos humanos, tendo presente as exigências da democracia deliberativa, na linha de Habermas e, sobretudo, as propostas de uma democracia comunicativa. Assim e num primeiro momento, o autor problematiza as relações entre democracia, justiça e direitos humanos, dando um particular realce quer às tendências individualistas e mercantilizadas de ver a democracia e os direitos quer às concepções deliberativa e comunicativa da democracia e suas implicações em termos de justiça e direitos humanos. A partir daqui, a reflexão inflecte para o campo da educação, como um outro lugar da justiça, debatendo a questão da justiça escolar e a concepção da escola como organização dialógica e comunicativa, realçando, em linguagem habermasiana, as funcionalidades sistémica e comunicativa que a perpassam. O autor completa esse enquadramento destacando, dentro da ideia de que a escola é um lugar de vários mundos e de justiças, as múltiplas...

Kant describes human specificity to deal with the issue of Pedagogy (Training). It is proposed such specificity in terms of paradoxical side of the fault. The human care differs from the animal care: There seems to be a lack of programming about it, yet it is done for the child survives and to introduce him/ her in the social field (which has nothing natural). But this attempt, Kant calls Discipline, comes upon resistance: the momentum, one not to be able (impotence) stop, that might be the effect of the denaturalization carried out; this way, the discipline remains, introduces pause, and leads to desire. Only then has the possibility education. Tell someone who can listen, the speculations conquered (or inherited) by the company that hosts it. Résumé Kant décrit la spécificité humaine pour pouvoir s'occuper du sujet de la pédagogie (de la formation). Il propose cette spécificité en termes paradoxales, du côté de la carence. Le soin humain est différent du soin animal: paraît-il qu'il ait une absence de programmation à cet égard; tout de même on le réalise pour que l'enfant puisse survivre et s'introduire dans le domaine social (qui n'a rien de naturel). Mais ce propos, que Kant désigne sous le nom de Discipline, trouve une résistance: la force, un non pouvoir, (impotence) arrêt, qui peut être l'effet de la dénaturalisation accompli; puisque la discipline diminue, introduit la pause, donne lieu au désir. Seulement ainsi l'instruction a une possibilité d'exister, c'est-à-dire: de se laisser entendre par quelqu'un, qui entende les élucubrations réussies (ou hérités) par la société qu'il habite. Resumo Kant descreve a especificidade humana para poder ocupar-se do assunto da Pedagogia (da Formação). Propõe dita especificidade em termos paradoxais, do lado da falta. O cuidado humano difere do cuidado animal: parece haver uma ausência de programação a respeito; contudo, se realiza para que a criança sobreviva e seja introduzida no campo social (que nada tem de natural). Mas este propósito, que Kant chama Disciplina, encontra uma resistência: o impulso, um não poder (impotência) parar, que poderia ser o efeito da desnaturalização; assim, a disciplina subtrai, introduz pausa, dá lugar ao desejo. Só então a Instrução tem possibilidade, ou seja: contar a alguém que pode escutar as elucubrações conquistadas (ou herdadas) pela sociedade que o recebe.

Analysing the triad 'understanding-personal identityeducation' in three different contexts (scientism, historicism, hermeneutics) make it possible to investigate the kind of thinking that is emphasised most in each context. The implications of thinking to educational practice are stressed at each level of interpretation. The chief shortfalls in the first two contexts are reviewed, together with their restrictive consequences for how education comes to be understood and practiced. The hermeneutic context recognises the primacy of interpretation and 'pre-understanding' in all human understanding. Because of this it acknowledges the interplay that is invariably active between understanding and personal identity, and between both of these and what it means to educate. This third-hermeneutical-context is therefore offered not as any kind of final word on educational matters, but as a more appropriate and inclusive context in which education as a practice might be thought about and bettered. I UNDERSTANDING, PERSONAL IDENTITY AND EDUCATION The main issue considered in this paper is the interrelationship between 'understanding', 'personal identity' and 'education'. The character of this interrelationship is such that the three elements-understanding, personal identity, education-can properly be considered as a triad: each plays a part in defining what the other means. Isolating any of the three elements from the triad makes it impossible to catch the sense of the whole triad, and leads to a distortion in the interpretation of the other two elements. When adequately conceived and appreciated, this triad has important implications for the upbringing of children, and for all teaching and learning. The arguments I will put forward in exploring this triad will draw mainly on my readings of works by Wilhelm Dilthey, Hans-Georg Gadamer and Paul Ricoeur. Seeing differences and common points in their hermeneutics helps to sharpen one's understanding of how understanding itself takes place in humankind's being-in-the-world. Specifically, these works illuminate many frequently overlooked factors in the way that a

RESUMEN: En este artículo se analiza la relación entre el sentido común y el conocimiento pedagógico. Para ello se parte de un análisis en torno al significado antropológico del sentido común y la aplicación de este análisis a las teorías sobre el pensamiento humano de Rorty y Maclntyre. El análisis de estos autores pretende demostrar la necesidad de mantener el pensamiento educativo dentro del sentido común y ajeno a una crítica radical en torno al sentido y valores de la comunidad.ABSTRACT: The paper analyses the relation between the common sense and the pedagogical knowledge. First the author revise the anthropological meaning of the common sense and then apply this revisión to study the theories of Rorty and Maclntyre about human thought. This application tries to demónstrate the necessity to maintain the educative thought within the common sense and save to the strong critical about the community virtues.

The field of education and teaching practice have gone through significant curricula, structural, taxonomic and pedagogical changes as well as policy reforms in recent years. Globally, educators and the Education Ministries keep updating and adapting instructional innovations to make teaching more effective, learning more inclusive and instructional strategies differentiated and more efficient. Technological advancements continue to dictate and drive these changes. Educators are being increasingly challenged to migrate and design contents and learning models to help digital native students engage with their learning in deep, and rich textual interactive ways. This perspective paper reviews the Hybrid and the Blended Instructional Methods, (H&BIM). It recommends strategies and migration objectives, from traditional instructional model to a more efficient, flexible and interactive learning models. Research have shown that blended learning models can, indeed, afford innovative and effective ways to enhance students success, and as well provide them needed control over their learnings.

The study examined the effect of electronic banking on the profitability of deposit money Banks in Nigeria. Banking industry is confronted by a new innovation imposed by technology transformation that has changed the way banks conduct their activities from traditional means to electronic means. Furthermore, this study investigates how the electronic banking channels through internet, mobile, POS and ATM have impacted on deposit money banks profitability. It is against this background that the study examined the effect of electronic banking on the profitability of deposit money Banks in Nigeria. The methodology of the study was quantitative in nature. Using time series data of 2006 -2015, the study employed regression technique in the analysis of sourced data. Data were collected from secondary sources through annual reports of deposit money Banks in Nigeria. Electronic banking was measured using the total values of internet banking, mobile banking, POS and ATM while Profitability was measured using profit margin of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Profitability was regressed on internet banking, mobile banking, POS and ATM using ordinary least square regression technique. The study revealed that positive relationship exists between mobile banking and Profitability, and between ATM and Profitability. In addition, there is also a statistically significant relationship between POS and Profitability while there is no significant relationship between internet banking and Profitability. As such, E-banking has a positive effect on Profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria. It is therefore, recommended that banks must offer numerous services through internet banking and effective transaction through the POS Terminals.

The study explored the challenges faced by the teachers of Christian Religious Studies (CRS) in the implementation of the senior secondary school curriculum for the character formation of public students in Owerri Municipal, Imo State, Nigeria. The study adopted a qualitative paradigm, specifically the collective case study design. Two research questions guided the study: What are the challenges inherent in the implementation of the CRS curriculum for the character formation of students? What are the possible solutions to these challenges? The study targeted students, teachers and principals from three public senior secondary schools. The sample size of the study was 66. That is, 54 students, 9 teachers and 3 principals. The researchers employed maximum variation sampling technique in selecting the 3 schools for the study. They used homogeneous and purposeful random sampling techniques to select 54 students, automatic inclusion sampling technique to select 3 principals, and criterion sampling technique to select 9 teachers of CRS. The researchers used interview guide and focused group discussion guide for data collection. For data analysis, they transcribed the interviews, coded the data, categorised the data, derived themes from the categories, interrelated themes from each group of participants, and interpreted the meaning of themes. The findings of the study revealed that administration, teacher and student related factors were the main challenges. These pose threat to students' character formation. The study therefore recommended that teachers need to use discovery approaches, and use varied instructional resources in teaching. Furthermore, the school community needs to maintain a vibrant life of faith and integrity.

Digital mind mapping is a unique method which improves productivity by helping to build and analyze ideas, and facilitates information structuring and retrieval. Educators and learners can use different types of software to create digital mind map for teaching learning. The objectives of the paper are: to describe about different types of software used in creating digital mind maps; to highlight the process of digital mind map development through software and to provide an overview of benefits and usefulness of digital mind mapping software. It's a review-based study. Articles published in various leading journals, conference proceedings, online materials have been referred in the present article. The first part of the paper describes concept of digital mind mapping software. Second part of the paper provides a brief description about different software used in creating digital mind maps. The third part of the article explains about the process of digital mind map creation through software. The last part of the paper elaborates benefits and usefulness of digital mind mapping software. It reveals that digital mind mapping software can be used by institutions/teachers/students for teaching and learning as it simplifies the information easily for better understanding. The article points out that digital mind mapping software gives learners the ability to engage directly in the learning process by developing digital mind maps. The paper also indicates that digital mind mapping software can be used as brainstorming tool to construct visual diagrams of ideas. The paper would be great use for educators as well as students for teaching, learning and assessment at different levels of education.

The study has examined the Influence of strategic planning in improving academics in public Diploma Teachers Colleges in Tanzania. The study used mixed research methods, under concurrent triangulation design. The purpose of using this design was to bring together the differing strengths and non-overlapping weaknesses of quantitative methods with those of qualitative methods. The sample sizes of 10 colleges out of 35 public teachers Colleges with 140 respondents out of the entire population were selected for the research. The study sample comprised 30 Department Leaders, 10 College Principals/Vice Principals and 100 tutors. The study used three sampling techniques which were simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and convenience sampling. Data were collected through interview guide, document analysis guide; observation and questionnaires and Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and presented using frequency, distribution tables, and percentages and inferentially using Pearson correlation. The qualitative data was summarized, coded and analyzed by the research questions. Pilot testing of the research instruments were conducted in one of the teachers' college where the targeted respondents were given a questionnaire and interview guide. The findings of the study revealed that, majority of colleges that had put a strategic plan in place and incorporate students' academic issues had made considerable value-added progress on their students' academic performance.

The objective of this paper is to defend the non-reductive thesis of phenomenal consciousness. This paper will give an overview of the arguments for the non-reductive explanation of phenomenal consciousness and justify why the reductionist approach is implausible in the context of explaining phenomenal subjective experience. The debate between reductionist and non-reductionist on the project of Demystifying and Mystifying phenomenal consciousness is driven by two fundamental assumptions-1) Reductive-Naturalistic Objectivism, 2) Phenomenal Realism. There are several arguments for the irreducibility of phenomenal consciousness; this paper will focus on the inverted spectrum argument, knowledge argument, and the conceivability argument.

This paper examines the grammatical errors in the written productions of senior secondary school students in/from Lycée Amadou Kouran Daga (henceforth LAKD), Zinder, Niger. It specifically seeks to describe, identify and classify the grammatical errors with a view to finding out the reasons of their occurrence in the students' writings. The participants of the present study consist of 30 students (14 male and 16 female students) learning English as a foreign language. The data for the investigation were collected by means of an essay writing which required the participants to write a threeparagraph essay on one of the four narrative and descriptive topics provided. The collected data were then analyzed using Error Analysis and the simple descriptive statistics consisting of frequencies and percentages. The analysis revealed a total of 410 grammatical errors in the participants' writing samples ranked by order of frequency and categories as follows: errors on tenses, spelling errors, agreement errors, preposition and article errors, verb errors, use of nouns, and adjectives. The analysis also showed that male participants committed more grammatical errors than their female counterparts. Further, using Surface Strategy Taxonomy, the findings revealed that the participants committed all the four types of grammatical error. Misformation errors were the most dominant type, followed by omission errors, addition errors, and misodering errors.

The study sought to investigate the extent to which selected, school based factors contributed to pupils" low progression in primary schools in Trans-Nzoia West Sub-County. The study adopted ex-post facto research design. The target population was 1815 teachers drawn from 91 public primary schools. Data was collected from a sample of 313 teachers through self-administered questionnaires. Proportionate, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the subjects. The teachers" questionnaires were piloted in 5 schools in Bungoma North Sub-County and their reliabilities established after testing using the internal consistency method and Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.92 was realised. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Data was described and summarised using frequencies and percentages while hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance and using simple regression analysis. The results revealed that school factors influence progression of pupils in the public primary school. The results of the study may inform the Ministry of Education, Boards of Management, parents and teachers in Trans-Nzoia West Sub-County and the country at large on factors to be addressed to enhance pupils` progression in public primary schools in the sub-county.

Resumo: O desafio de ensinar filosofia da educação parece idêntico ao que tem caracterizado o ensino da filosofia tout court. No entanto, a filosofia da educação põe, imediatamente, o problema de sua pertinência: haveria uma filosofia da educação? A filosofia da educação seria "aplicação" de alguma filosofia? Por outro lado, será que a filosofia da educação tem por tarefa o estabelecimento dos valores educativos? Neste trabalho examinarei as respostas mais freqüentemente dadas a estas indagações questionando a afirmação de que a filosofia da educação é aplicação de alguma filosofia, bem como a idéia de que a ela cabe determinar os valores da educação. Finalmente, procurarei mostrar que a filosofia da educação tem por tarefa elucidar as teorias pedagógicas, contribuindo para a efetivação da interdisciplinaridade no conhecimento pedagógico.

The study examined the effect of electronic banking on the profitability of deposit money Banks in Nigeria. Banking industry is confronted by a new innovation imposed by technology transformation that has changed the way banks conduct their activities from traditional means to electronic means. Furthermore, this study investigates how the electronic banking channels through internet, mobile, POS and ATM have impacted on deposit money banks profitability. It is against this background that the study examined the effect of electronic banking on the profitability of deposit money Banks in Nigeria. The methodology of the study was quantitative in nature. Using time series data of 2006-2015, the study employed regression technique in the analysis of sourced data. Data were collected from secondary sources through annual reports of deposit money Banks in Nigeria. Electronic banking was measured using the total values of internet banking, mobile banking, POS and ATM while Profitability was measured using profit margin of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Profitability was regressed on internet banking, mobile banking, POS and ATM using ordinary least square regression technique. The study revealed that positive relationship exists between mobile banking and Profitability, and between ATM and Profitability. In addition, there is also a statistically significant relationship between POS and Profitability while there is no significant relationship between internet banking and Profitability. As such, E-banking has a positive effect on Profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria. It is therefore, recommended that banks must offer numerous services through internet banking and effective transaction through the POS Terminals.

Stanley Cavell and the Education of Grownups is a volume in the ongoing series 'American Philosophy' (Fordham University Press). Given this, the former part of the title does not arouse any suspicion, for Cavell is an American philosopher; in contrast, the latter half may have a mystical flavour, both because of the paradoxical combination of 'education' and 'grownups' and with regard to its pertinence to philosophy. Odd though it may seem, however, the central intention of the editors, Naoko Saito and Paul Standish, is fully articulated in that very expression-the intention to rethink philosophy as 'the education of grownups'. Perhaps surprisingly to most educational researchers, 'What is philosophy?' is a live question, concerning which there is no agreement even among first-rate contemporary philosophers. This is not least because 'what is philosophy' is a normative question rather than an empirical one about what philosophy is or has been taken to be. Nonetheless, there has, since the professionalisation and institutionalisation of philosophy as a distinct academic enterprise, existed a near consensus among 'academic philosophers' that the philosophy of education is a branch of practical philosophy, namely an applied philosophy in the sense of the 'philosophy of' the sub-field of education. The editors find this stance totally unsatisfying. Drawing insights from Cavell's notion of philosophy as the education of grownups (which was first characterised in his The Claim of Reason, 1979), therefore, they aim to transform academic philosophy's conception of itself: 'questions of teaching and learning, as of what it is to progress toward the good (and what that good life is), are internal to philosophy in its most characteristic and perhaps central endeavors, … In consequence, the idea of philosophy of education as a branch or as an applied field of the pure discipline of philosophy misunderstands the nature of both. Hence, the truth of philosophy as education. Hence, the importance of the education of grownups' (pp. 12-13). 1 It is in this light that this book, I think, deserves not only the attention of philosophers and those interested in Cavell, but also a broader response from educational researchers. For, presumably, more than a few educational researchers share concerns about the relationship between educa

The objective of this paper is to defend the non-reductive thesis of phenomenal consciousness. This paper will give an overview of the arguments for the non-reductive explanation of phenomenal consciousness and justify why the reductionist approach is implausible in the context of explaining phenomenal subjective experience. The debate between reductionist and non-reductionist on the project of Demystifying and Mystifying phenomenal consciousness is driven by two fundamental assumptions-1) Reductive-Naturalistic Objectivism, 2) Phenomenal Realism. There are several arguments for the irreducibility of phenomenal consciousness; this paper will focus on the inverted spectrum argument, knowledge argument, and the conceivability argument.

Classroom management occupies a vital position in the pedagogical approach of the teacher and the life of high school students in Africa. Teachers who use laissez faire administrative style and methodology in the classrooms run the risk of aiding vices in students. Currently, it has been a social concern that there is increase in moral decadence. In addition, that many high school students are prone to some deviant behaviour due to ineffective classroom management. Effective classroom management is the key to curbing incidences of indiscipline such as disobedience, disrespect, lying, bullying, examination malpractice, and truancy among high school students of Africa. Effective classroom management through goal-oriented and specific instructional objectives, instructional strategies, and instructional resources helps students acquire the virtues of honesty, hard work, collaboration and responsibility, which leads to proper character formation and academic excellence of the learner. This qualitative study is anchored on the Classroom Management Theory of Thomas Gordon. This theory explicitly opines that an effective classroom management enhances productivity in the students. The study is solely based on document analysis of secondary data, and classroom observation. The findings of the study confirm that positive classroom climate enables the student to feel cared for and be engaged in school activities that lead to positive pursuits in life. The study therefore recommends that teachers should establish a positive learning environment by showing their passion for the subject matter, and being active in moving among the students.

The first half of Plato’s Hippias Major exhibits the interfacing of the first teacher (Socrates) with the first version of a post-colonial, multi-cultural information technology system (Hippias).  In this interface the purposes, results, and values of two contradictory types of operating system for educational servicing units are exhibited to, and can be discovered by, anyone who is not an information technologist.

Lack of information is hardly our problem. Information comes at us in waves, sloshing out of the magazine rack, lapping at our computer monitors. It repeats and repeats on all-day news shows. It comes neatly packaged as sound bites, or little nuggets ready for trivia games. We have plenty of information, but it is not often the information we need. Even if it is, we need to learn how to deal with it. It is not just the amount, but the speed. Too much happens everywhere that may be important anywhere. Too much comes for us to think it over.

Two months after the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic, near 3.7 million people were confirmed positive to the coronavirus, with 253.831 deaths. While Mankind fights desperately for survival in a critical moment in human history, most teachers had to reinvent themselves in a joint effort to avoid a complete halt in educational activities; suspended sine die around the globe. This article investigated the challenges faced by teachers, and executive education professors in Brazil, through live online classes via the Zoom platform. Key findings pointed out (i) the lack of stable online connection; (ii) security issues; (iii) limited pedagogical resources; (iv) background noises; (v) shortage of equipment supply due to the lockdowns, as barriers to online live classes dispensed with the Zoom platform. This study aims at providing scholars, teachers, professors, instructors, practitioners, online service providers, software developers, among others, with a perspective regarding the online live education experience. We also compared live virtual with classroom teaching, promoting the debate on the implications and best practices.

On peut caractériser la pédagogie comme vigilance au sens, dans ses troÎs dimensions de manifestation, de signification et de référence. Une de ses modalités en est le souci des problèmes dont on analysera ici les différentes typologies. À partir de quelques exemples, on fera apparaitre les ambiguïtés de la situation-problème et ses hésitations entre une épistémologie de la résolution et une épistémologie de la problématisation. On dégagera ainsi les présupposés philosophiques du paradigme du problème.

Crear un espacio de debate, reflexión colaborativa y difusión del conocimiento en el ámbito de la educación escolar, como una forma de enfrentar los desafíos producidos por la realidad cultural y social en transformación acelerada en las últimas décadas, es la propuesta contenida en el libro que tenemos entre las manos, Educación Histórica para el siglo XXI: principios epistemológicos y metodológicos. Los lectores al recorrer los capítulos, escritos por diversos investigadores de diversos países identificados con el campo de la Educación Histórica, entrarán en contacto con investigaciones innovadoras y estimulantes que exploran el desarrollo del pensamiento histórico y la formación de la conciencia histórica en el espacio escolar. En el amplio universo de las investigaciones en enseñanza de la Historia, la perspectiva de la Educación Histórica, se ubica en la actualidad como área específica, con fundamentación propia anclada en la epistemología de la historia, en la metodología de i...

This study focuses on analyzing the issue of the happiness of human in the "Principles of Philosophy of the Future" of Ludwig Feuerbach. This study shows that, the viewpoint of people in the history of philosophy has not yet accurately assessed the basis and origin of people, and has not granted them their basic rights such as being respected, appreciated. Inheriting the progressive views of French Materialism in the eighteenth century and the philosophy of French Enlightenment, Ludwig Feuerbach has made progressive views about the role and respect for people in the work Principles of Philosophy of the Future.

In light of numerous critiques of developmentalism, this article examines whether developmentalism has been a dangerous way to think about human life. It traces the emergence of different kinds of developmental discourse, locates the discursive preconditions for developmentalism's dominance in education, and examines the conjuncture between developmentalism and progressivism in shaping the limits of education's discursive field since the late 19th century. The article examines some of the productive and repressive legacies of developmental reasoning and concludes by examining present efforts to destabilize and fracture developmental discourse. It suggests that the historical articulation of developmentalism to an idea of progress has not been undermined through present-day critiques that still implicitly project "progress" as the grounds for efforts to destabilize "development. "Alternatives to developmental discourse are considered in relation to how jud...

The study sought to determine funding patterns and cost-sharing in public universities in Nigeria. The main purpose of the study was to determine lecturers' perception about funding patterns and cost-sharing in public universities and provide implications for global competitiveness. To achieve the purpose, one research question and one hypothesis were developed to direct the study. One hundred (100) lecturers were purposively sampled from a population of one thousand six hundred and six (1606). A research instrument titled "Funding Patterns in Public Universities and Cost-sharing Questionnaire (FPPUCQ)" was validated, and administered to twenty (20) lecturers, for data collection. Data collected were analyzed with Mean, Standard Deviation and Independent t-test. The result showed that funding patterns and costsharing need improvement. It was concluded that the funding patterns and cost-sharing in universities needs improvement in order to ensure the provision of quality education for global competitiveness. It was recommended among others that managers of universities should be more prudent in utilizing the meager allocations of government, students' contribution, internally generated revenue, philanthropic donations, among others.

This article explores the role of philosophy of education in three post-Soviet societies of Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania and Slovenia. The characteristic themes and approaches of philosophical reflection about education in these societies are explored with reference to three periods: the pre-Soviet, Soviet and post-Soviet periods.

El siglo XX ha terminado con algunas senales esperanzadoras en el contexto nacional e internacional de la Filosofia de la Educacion. Desde hace algun tiempo se ha producido una acertada extension en la educacion de una "filosofia practica". No hay casi disciplina del ambito de la educacion que no reclame para si el calificativo de "praxiologia". Este articulo trata de precisar las diferencias entre este enfoque practico y el que trata de mantener la Filosofia de la Educacion. Se senalan tambien algunos errores y olvidos actuales: el caracter etico del saber practico, la necesidad del compromiso personal del educador y la importancia del conocimiento teorico sobre las finalidades del desarrollo humanizador. El articulo propone entender la Filosofia de la educacion como una teoria etica de la formacion humana.

This paper examines the grammatical errors in the written productions of senior secondary school students in/from Lycée Amadou Kouran Daga (henceforth LAKD), Zinder, Niger. It specifically seeks to describe, identify and classify the grammatical errors with a view to finding out the reasons of their occurrence in the students' writings. The participants of the present study consist of 30 students (14 male and 16 female students) learning English as a foreign language. The data for the investigation were collected by means of an essay writing which required the participants to write a threeparagraph essay on one of the four narrative and descriptive topics provided. The collected data were then analyzed using Error Analysis and the simple descriptive statistics consisting of frequencies and percentages. The analysis revealed a total of 410 grammatical errors in the participants' writing samples ranked by order of frequency and categories as follows: errors on tenses, spelling...

Ethical issues concerning pain and suffering of animals are necessarily a consideration when it comes to killing “pest” or “feral” species in Australia. Within a continent where there are no large predators, many introduced animal species such as rabbits, foxes, horses, donkeys, camels, goats, and mice have been able to thrive, competing with the interests of farmers and graziers, and livestock and food production. These species, thus, gain the label of “pest.” Many methods now exist to kill these species and, consequently, ethical issues arise concerning the possible pain and suffering caused as a direct result of these methods. Yet within government and scientific communities, ethical issues are reduced to a secondary consideration without serious debate or contention. Ethical issues appear to be at odds with scientific agendas. How can environmental ethics be incorporated as part of science-based decision making that appeals to objectivity and scientific evidence? Within educational institutions as well, the same dilemma exists: How can ethical issues be addressed within the science curriculum and in the classroom? A greater understanding of various perspectives on the subject of environmental ethics and the value positions advocated by proponents of these perspectives may help teachers consider ways of handling such issues in the science classroom. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed85:769–780, 2001.

RESUMEN: Este articulo presenta los resultados de una investigacion de campo dirigida a conocer mejor la lectura que hacen los ninos de las imagenes de otros ninos que sufren las consecuencias de los conflictos belicos y como imaginan que es su vida. En el texto se proponen algunas sugerencias que facilitan el objetivo de una educacion para la paz, desde las construcciones narrativas de los ninos. Las propuestas de educacion moral para la paz suelen insistir en la idea de promover sentimientos y actitudes de solidaridad y empatia hacia los otros. Los resultados de nuestra investigacion revelan la necesidad de trabajar tambien el conocimiento que ayude a entender las causas y extension de los conflictos humanos. ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results of a fieldwork research which aim has been to get to know how Spanish children imagine other children in war, how they think their lives are. Some ideas to educate for peace in the light of children narrative construction are then sug...

The study sought to investigate the extent to which selected, school based factors contributed to pupils" low progression in primary schools in Trans-Nzoia West Sub-County. The study adopted ex-post facto research design. The target population was 1815 teachers drawn from 91 public primary schools. Data was collected from a sample of 313 teachers through self-administered questionnaires. Proportionate, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the subjects. The teachers" questionnaires were piloted in 5 schools in Bungoma North Sub-County and their reliabilities established after testing using the internal consistency method and Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.92 was realised. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Data was described and summarised using frequencies and percentages while hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance and using simple regression analysis. The results revealed that school factors influence progression of pupils in the public primary school. The results of the study may inform the Ministry of Education, Boards of Management, parents and teachers in Trans-Nzoia West Sub-County and the country at large on factors to be addressed to enhance pupils` progression in public primary schools in the sub-county.

Information and Communication technology influence to provide effective and quality of library services. Academic library take part of significant role in serving on the whole library and information services to the students. This study elaborates new technology to implement and utilize the ICT based facilities & services, usage of various tools of ICT and challenges while application of ICT in libraries. This paper also finds level of satisfaction of respondents and some of the suggestions and recommendations also have been given to create the service most valuable in the users of different colleges of Warangal district. Keywords: ICT, Information, communication technology, Internet, Library Automation, College libraries, Satisfaction Level.

The objective of this paper is to defend the non-reductive thesis of phenomenal consciousness. This paper will give an overview of the arguments for the non-reductive explanation of phenomenal consciousness and justify why the reductionist approach is implausible in the context of explaining phenomenal subjective experience. The debate between reductionist and non-reductionist on the project of Demystifying and Mystifying phenomenal consciousness is driven by two fundamental assumptions-1) Reductive-Naturalistic Objectivism, 2) Phenomenal Realism. There are several arguments for the irreducibility of phenomenal consciousness; this paper will focus on the inverted spectrum argument, knowledge argument, and the conceivability argument.

This article explores self-esteem and its relationship with achievement and difference. It is written as an ongoing narrative between the two authors, who through their autobiographical conversations try to come to terms with the effects of ordinary (i.e. unexceptional, non-deviant) differences on self-esteem. Through a critical analysis of their own experiences as students, teachers, researchers and academics, the authors try to explore how differences are discursively constructed and how they might be reconstructed. The article is in three parts. It starts with an analytic enquiry of the construction of individual self-esteem. The authors argue that current orthodoxy about self-esteem is oversimpli ed because it focuses on an individual's response to personal achievement and to face-to-face social relationships. It is argued that the story must be much more complex and include issues of social justice. The second part uses qualitative data from Malta and England and autobiographical data in order to explore the relationship between self-esteem and the achievements and aspirations of students. The third and nal part uses these results to construct a concept of 'ordinary difference' which celebrates individual and socio-political differences rather than tries to standardise them.

Studies on Communication Accommodation Theory has advanced rapidly in recent years. Communication is an important part of human life and from the beginning of human history, people have always tried to communicate together and to understand the others and make themselves understood. This paper aims to have a brief review on the notion "Communication Accommodation Theory" (CAT), which is an important aspect of different sciences (e.g., Linguistics, sociology, sociolinguistics, and psychology). The concept of Communication Accommodation is used in all people"s social life, for instance, between mother and child, teacher and student, reporter and listener, doctor and patient, and immigrants (newcomers) and citizens, however, this review helps us to have a better understanding through CAT.

This paper aims to analyze whether conditional release for prisoners during the Covid-19 pandemic is considered effective so that prisoners do not repeat crimes. This type of research is normative by using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The data used is secondary data obtained through library research. All data collected were then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that parole for prisoners during the Covid-19 pandemic was ineffective. This is because some prisoners who received assimilation and integration rights (parole, pre-release leave, conditional leave) have repeated their actions or committed crimes and have to undergo legal processes. The ineffectiveness of parole during the corona pandemic was influenced by several factors, including the assessment before release by careless officers, as well as weak supervision for prisoners undergoing assimilation and integration rights by the government.

This paper discusses the influence of social media on the academic performance of boys in secondary schools in Bungoma East and Webuye West Sub Counties, Kenya. The period 2011-2014 had shown the performance of secondary school boys in these study area to be lower than that of girls. Purposive sampling was used to select boys’ secondary schools in Bungoma East and Webuye West sub-counties while random sampling was used to get a sample of respondents from the boy’s schools. The study was informed by the social development theory by Lev Vygotsky. Primary data collection was done by use of questionnaires while document analysis was used to collect secondary data especially on the performance of students in the mid-year exams, 2016. The study used multiple linear regression to analyze the data; findings of which were presented in tables. The study results showed that social media has a significant influence on the academic performance of secondary school boys in Bungoma East and Webuye ...

Outcomes based education (OBE) is the highlighted trend these days in education area to manual students in their professional career and lead them to greater informed and creative. This could help them to development nicely in their working surroundings. To gain the attributes detailed for outcome based totally schooling via NBA right overview techniques are required, due to the fact assessment of the graduate attributes plays a key position in coaching gaining knowledge of system to enhance the device and to improve the overall performance of college students. This procedure will provide idea for the machine to bridge the distance among coaching and final results based totally mastering method. This paper initially lines the roots of final results-based training (OBE) and introduces key standards of implementation. It then proceeds with defining what effects are and discusses how the definition of consequences demands paradigm shift in evaluation and evaluation practices. Subsequently, the paper tackles crucial implications of sporting out the framework for the exercise and strategies of assessment and evaluation of college students" performance in engineering college. These implications are meshed with discussion of the four running ideas of OBE.