Distance Education

To cite:
Wilkins, A. 2017. Rescaling the local: Multi-academy trusts, private monopoly and statecraft in England. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 49 (2), 171-185

For the past six years successive UK governments in England have introduced reforms intended to usher in less aggregated, top-down, bureaucratically overloaded models of service delivery as well as secure conditions for greater school autonomy.  Yet the ‘hollowing out’ of local government has not resulted in less bureaucracy on the ground or less regulation from above, nor has it diminished hierarchy as an organising principle of education governance.  In some cases, monopolies and monopolistic practices dominated by powerful bureaucracies and professional groups persist, albeit realised through the involvement of new actors and organisations from business and philanthropy.  In this paper I adopt a governmentality perspective to explore the political significance of large multi-academy trusts (MATs) – private sponsors contracted by central government to run publicly funded schools – to the generation of new scalar hierarchies and accountability infrastructures that assist in bringing the gaze of government to bear upon the actions of schools that are otherwise less visible under local government management.  On this account, it is argued, MATs are integral to statecraft and the invention and assemblage of particular apparatuses for intervening upon specific organisations, spaces and peoples.

SinteSe: O objetivo central desse trabalho é compreender o comportamento de uso de um sistema de gestão acadêmica em uma Universidade Federal em relação às ferramentas de apoio às atividades docentes. A pesquisa é censitária, compreende todos os professores dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação nos períodos 2010.2 e 2011.1. Utilizou-se a análise de cluster para separar os elementos em grupos, de acordo com o uso maior ou menor do sistema de gestão.

Günümüzde iletişim teknolojileri gelişirken medya endüstrileri de iletişim teknolojileri temelinde dönüşüm içerisindedir. Yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler neticesinde medya sektörü profesyonellerinin sahip olmaları beklenen beceriler de teknolojinin gerekleri doğrultusunda biçimlenmektedir. Dijitalleşmeyle dönüşen yaratıcı endüstrilerin eğitim alanındaki uzantısı olarak, üniversitelerdeki lisans düzeyindeki yeni medya programları, iletişim alanındaki dönüşümün de bir yansıması olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Yeni medya ekosistemi, çeşitli teknolojik araçları kullanarak farklı dijital mecralar için içerik üretebilecek iletişim uzmanlarına da ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu ihtiyaca yönelik olarak hazırlanan yeni medya eğitim programları, yeni teknolojilere ile medya sektöründe yaygınlaşan dijital platformlar için içerik üretimine odaklanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda eğitimde dijital teknolojiler, multimedya, hız, etkileşim, kişiselleştirme, yakınsama (yöndeşme) ve bulut teknolojileri gibi birçok yeni kavram gündeme gelmektedir. Çalışma ile amaçlanan, yeni medya alanı özelinde eğitimde güncel yaklaşımların saptanmasıdır. Bu kapsamda yeni iletişim teknolojileri ve güncel kavramlar üzerinden, dijitalleşme ekseninde yeni medya eğitiminde ön plana çıkan olanaklar ve yeni yönelimler tartışılacaktır.

The Metaverse is the post-reality universe, a perpetual and persistent multiuser environment merging physical reality with digital virtuality. It is based on the convergence of technologies that enable multisensory interactions with virtual environments, digital objects and people such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). Hence, the Metaverse is an interconnected web of social, networked immersive environments in persistent multiuser platforms. It enables seamless embodied user communication in real-time and dynamic interactions with digital artifacts. Its first iteration was a web of virtual worlds where avatars were able to teleport among them. The contemporary iteration of the Metaverse features social, immersive VR platforms compatible with massive multiplayer online video games, open game worlds and AR collaborative spaces.

ICT has a great impact on human lives. The use of mobile technology in education is a positive response to the learning development in most tertiary institutions. Nowadays, it is difficult to motivate students to learn calculus. Therefore, creative teaching techniques using WhatsApp is used to attract students. WhatsApp enhances idea sharing among students and makes communication easier and faster. This research seeks to assess students' readiness in using WhatsApp Application for calculus subject. Data were collected from 485 respondents from sixteen classes of diploma in mechanical engineering students in Universiti Teknologi MARA (Pulau Pinang) using the score of the test results. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and analysis of one sample t-test at 0.05 level of significance. One sample t-test was used to identify whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis. Based on evaluation, more than half said that they prefer to use WhatsApp as one of the most effective teaching tool and students who were usually inactive in lecture class, contributed a lot in WhatsApp group. The findings of the study suggested that the marks increase in calculus subject is caused by flexible learning facilitated by WhatsApp mobile learning.

Introduction
Introduction by Patrick R. Lowenthal

Trends and Issues with Online Learning
From Reluctant and Reticent to Engaged and Enthusiastic: The Passage to Online Teaching
Susan Giullian

Preparing Special Education Teachers Through Online Instruction
Donna Sobel

Using eCollege to Facilitate Learning, Provide for Program Coherence, Manage Accountability Innovations, and Ensure the Evolution of a Principal Licensure Program
Connie Fulmer

Make, Share, Find: Web 2.0 and Informal Learning
Phil Antonelli

Technology in Action
The Advantages of a Ning Social Network Within a Higher Education Program
Laura Summers

Fresh and Forward-thinking: Using Blogs for Educational Purposes
Joanna C. Dunlap & Ellen Stevens

Hanging on by a Thread
Dorothy F. Garrison-Wade

Instructional Uses of Twitter
Joanna C. Dunlap & Patrick R. Lowenthal

Using Audio for Giving Feedback to Project Teams: A Useful Complement to Track Changes
Brent G. Wilson

Wordle… Just for Phluff?
Joanna C. Dunlap

A Teaching Video Project Brought to Closure
Farah A. Ibrahim

Improving the Design of PowerPoint Presentations
Patrick R. Lowenthal

Emerging Tools and Applications
Audacity
Ning
Blogger
PBworks
Bubbl.us
Picnik
Delicious
ScreenSteps Desktop
Facebook
Songza
Flickr
SkyDrive
Google Docs
Skype
Google Reader
Twitter
iSpring
Ustream
Jing VoiceThread
Media Converter
Youtube
MyPodcast
Zotero

Resources
Down-and-dirty Guidelines for Effective Discussions in Online Courses
Joanna C. Dunlap

Protocols for Online Discussions
Joanna C. Dunlap

Improving the Odds of Effective Collaborative Work in Online Courses
Joanna C. Dunlap

Online education is the type of education that takes place through the internet. The learner is required to have a computer that has active internet connection to be able to attend a free online courses. All the instructions and transactions take place through the net.

Anormal Psikoloji kitabı, ruhsal bozukluklar alanında çalışan tüm profesyoneller, psikiyatristler, klinik psikologlar, psikologlar, psikolojik danışmanlar, hekimler, sosyal hizmet uzmanları, psikiyatri hemşireleri ve bu alanlarda öğrenci yetiştiren akademisyenler ile eğitim alan öğrenciler için temel bir başvuru kitabıdır.
2013 yılının Mayısı ayında yayımlanan DSM-5 ölçütlerine göre ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili sunulan bilgilerin güncellemesinin de yapıldığı bu kitap, tüm dünyada pek çok üniversitenin psikiyatri ve psikoloji bölümlerinde ders kitabı olarak okutulmaktadır.
Kitabın her bölümünde, ilk olarak ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili vakalar sunulmakta, daha sonra bozuklukların klinik tanıları yapılmakta ve DSM-IV-TR’den farklı olan DSM-5’te yapılan değişikliklere yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca, DSM-5’teki tanı ölçütleri, bozuklukların etiyolojisi ve epidemiyolojisi, bozukluklar üzerinde kalıtımın ve çevrenin etkileri, biyolojik ve sosyal ve kültürel etkiler, en güncel araştırmalardan elde edilen verilerle harmanlanarak sunulmaktadır. Ruhsal bozuklukların tedavisinde etkili olacak terapi yaklaşımları ve ilaçla yapılan tedaviler hakkında da bilgiler veren kitap, sahip olduğu zengin içeriği ile eşsiz bir kaynaktır.
Anormal Psikoloji kitabının; profesyoneller ve öğrenciler için önemli bir rehber olacağına, yardıma ihtiyaç duyan insanların sorunlarının çözümüne, ruhsal bozuklukların tanı ve tedavisinde önemli katkılar sağlayacağına inanıyoruz.

This study investigates the distance education and information technology literature in an attempt to develop a model to measure quality and learning in online courses. The resulting model is the first proposed to address issues of flexibility, responsiveness, interaction, student learning, technical support, technology, and student satisfaction simultaneously. The reliability and validity of the model are explored with suggestions for future research. As Internet-based education continues to grow worldwide, this model may assist policymakers, faculty, students, and others in making reasonable and informed judgments with regard to the quality of and learning in Internet-based distance education.

The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in school closings for the remainder of the year in 48 of 50 states and a sharp turn toward remote instruction in order to finish the year as best as possible. Issues and concerns previously in the background, such as inequitable access to technology including internet access for online learning at home, are now front and center. Districts and states have been exploring creative ways to bridge the digital divide, such as delivering Wi-Fi hotspots and devices to children without technology and internet access, using public television, creating printed packets, and making creative use of the mobile and smartphones that most families in the United States now have. While student access to remote instruction has clearly improved, at least in the short term, many educators report struggling with "pandemic teaching" and challenges with engaging students, as Peter DeWitt recently described in Education Week. What education will look like when school resumes in the fall is anyone's guess, but it's a safe bet at this point that many students will continue with remote learning in some form because of the need to restructure learning environments and schedules (e.g., staggered schedules, with some students attending in the morning and others in the afternoon, to reduce class size). Understanding best practice in remote instruction and learning will be key as schools look to the future. Remote Instruction at a Glance and Some Key Terms… Remote instruction can be synchronous (students and teachers interact together in a specific virtual space at the same time) or asynchronous (students access content and learning activities on their own time), and ideally instruction includes both forms. Synchronous instruction may include video conferencing (e.g., ZOOM) and group project work in real time, while asynchronous instruction may include self-guided lesson modules and teacher-posted lecture slides and assignments; this guide by several Wisconsin educators describes the use of both methods within remote instruction. As a contrast to fully remote instruction, many districts and schools have been experimenting with blended learning (BL), or hybrid, models, which combine remote learning and face-to-face instruction with a teacher in a brick-and-mortar building.

Multimedia bridges the gap between the teaching and learning processes in the Physics classroom by the fruitful realisation of the curricular objectives. The study purported to develop a Teacher-Assisted Multimedia Instructional Package in Physics and to test its effectiveness in augmenting Science Learning Interest of Secondary School Students of Kerala. Further, this effectiveness was to be compared with that of the Activity Oriented Method of Instruction. The Quasi Experimental Method with the Pre-Test Post-Test Non Equivalent Groups Design was found to be suitable for the study. The Teacher-Assisted Multimedia Instructional Package and the Activity Oriented Method of Instruction were the independent variables while Science Learning Interest was the dependent variable of the study. The experiment was conducted on a sample of 400 Secondary School Students of Kerala with 200 each in the Experimental and Control Groups. The results of the study showed that the TeacherAssisted Multim...

The limited resources and relatively dense population in developing countries is an obstacle for the availability of on-campus education for the whole population. Distance education is relatively a better solution to overcome this problem. In this paper, we explore interactive and relatively cheaper resources for highclass distance education system, suitable for developing nations. We have supported our work with few case studies of distance education programs in developing countries. The state-of-the-art web-based education system is also discussed and its prospects in developing countries is presented.

Education systems and its actors are generally responding to quarantine and large-scale shutdown (partial) of cities with a sudden shift to Web-Based Learning. However, given that a pandemic of this nature and scale is novel, there is a knowledge gap as to how teachers and learners should respond to the shift, and what the likely impact and the key considerations should be. This study aims to extrapolate and theorize from the existing knowledgebase about the use of Web-Based Learning, as well as from an expert and practitioner wisdom and experience, to offer high-level guidance for policymakers and education system actors that are forced to make decisions in fast-moving and very challenging circumstances with little guidance or relevant experience. It is an early attempt at theorizing the impact of the pandemic on two key actors (Learners and Teachers) and one interface (Content), all across eight dimensions of learning. The analysis is based on Khan's (2001) dimension of Web-Ba...

This column, written by invitation of the publisher Anne Christie, explores a topic brought up in the online conference of June 1998, inspired by my article "College Faculty and Distance Education." A summary of the online conference will appear shortly.

This paper examines how narrative-centered learning environments are establishing themselves as affordable and effective alternatives to traditional text-based delivery models, static computer-based tutoring systems, and immersive, role-playing computer game-based resources. Drawing upon long-standing cultural traditions while embodying constructivist principles and relying on cognitive theories that detail the
processing of word-driven information, narrative-centered learning environments arequietly, and quite naturally, winning over the minds of educators and students alike.

Technological advancement has broadened educational, employment and training opportunities for students and adults with disabilities via distance education. Distance education is a prized tool of K-12 and higher education, and for vocational training and research. Advancing knowledge of accessible technology and universal design concepts have coincided with the distance education movement, and with a federal mandate for accessible technology under Section 508 of the amended Rehabilitation Act. However, studies of website accessibility and universal applications designed to deliver online learning question whether these tools permit equal and effective participation by people

Research findings into how our brains work (Bransford, Brown, and Cocking 2000; Damasio 1999; Pinker 1997) are stimulating a re-examination of traditional principles of designing teaching and learning experiences. Insights from this research are not only helping to deepen our understanding of traditional core learning principles, but they are also providing practical guidance on how to design learning experiences for our new high technology environments.

During recent years, many distance teaching as well as residential institutions have started to experiment with mobile learning through pilot projects as part of their e-learning and technology enhanced learning environments. Mobile learning should not be regarded as a medium for distance learning. However, because of the similar affordances of distance learning technologies and online and mobile learning, the established field of distance education can provide valuable insight into strategies, approaches and practical experiences with regard to the conception and organization of this new medium for learning. Distance teaching institutions have a long history and much experience with media-based instruction. This affords them an advantage in the development and application of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) for teaching and learning. Student support systems have existed in traditional distance education for decades. ICTs – especially mobile devices – open up ne...

To fully understand the phenomenon of massive open online courses (MOOCs), it is important to identify and map trends and patterns in research on MOOCs. This study does so by reviewing 362 empirical articles published in peer-reviewed journals from 2008 to 2015. For the purpose of this study, content analysis and discourse analysis were employed to analyze the articles. Accordingly, the trend line showing the number of articles per year indicates that the extent of research on MOOCs is likely to increase in the coming years. In terms of research areas, the findings reveal an imbalance and three research areas out of fifteen constitute more than half of all research on MOOCs. With regard to types of MOOCs, related literature is dominated by research on xMOOCs. The discourse in MOOC articles takes a mostly neutral standpoint, articles with a positive outlook outweigh those that are negative, and there is an increase in a more critical discourse. Theoretical or conceptual studies are p...

It has been accepted that Mobile Learning has provided innovative opportunities for both teachers and students, as it produces an active learning atmosphere anywhere and anytime. Mobile learning model can be resourcefully improvised by adding the cloud technology into it. This paper explores the effect of cloud based mobile learning on education competencies of engineering students. The main intention is to test whether cloud based mobile learning has a positive effect on student's performance by investigating the effect of this innovative teaching system on course outcomes. The results showed that introduction of cloud based mobile learning in studying an engineering subject is productive and does has an positive impact on education competencies of engineering students. The results particularly indicate that technology underneath cloud based mobile learning can be effectively used in the study of engineering subjects resulting in superior attainment of course outcomes.

This study examined the role of administrators in facilitating instructors and students of distance education programme (DEP) to the use of effective communication tools of the present digitized environment. Administrators/coordinators of DEP were purposively selected from three different universities in Malaysia. Their responses from interviews had been transcribed and coded. Students' feedback and monitoring activities on Learning Management System (LMS) were also collected and analyzed. Findings suggest that administrators did not consider certificate or experience in distance learning while recruiting instructors to teach in DEP. Instead, they perceived that university lecturers from the conventional programme should be able to fulfil course learning outcomes designed for the DEP. Evidence had shown that administrators bureaucratic decision in mandating LMS with grade attached, seemed to deter lecturers from using effective communication tools such as emails and facebook. When asked on plans to improve the administration of DEP, the administrators mentioned that training has really helped lecturers to improve their content delivery skills. It is concluded that the circumstantial or semester training through LMS which involved training among lecturers who are new in the e-learning environment is inadequate. The monitoring of DEP through the LMS is recommended to be focused on upgrading communication practices as well as attitudes among lecturers for effective online instructions which are critical to the eventual achievement of the DEP learners.

Over the last years, many organizations started to use Distance Teaching tools as instruments in employees' qualification programs, creating what we may call E-learning or Virtual Training in Human Resources Development Programs. However, usually these organizations tend to use technological resources already available, and do not shape their technological platform into a pedagogical project. Recent advances in the field of Intelligent Teaching Systems have proposed the use of Artificial Intelligence through architectures based on agents' societies. Teaching systems based on Multi-Agent architectures make possible to support the development of more interactive and adaptable systems. The objective of the paper is to discuss the feasibility of implementing Distributed Intelligent Learning Environment -DILE based on the Multi-Agents Architecture approach, aiming at the achievement of human resources qualification through Virtual Training. Besides, we present a proposal of an architecture named JADE -Java Agent Framework for Distance Learning Environments.

The present study seeks to become a positive contribution to the research and development of e-learning systems by conducting an exploratory evaluation of the opinions of the academic community of the University of Porto about various technical and social dimensions present in the conception and deployment of learning management systems, both in the context of supporting face-to-face education and as technical infrastructure to blended and distance learning programs. A survey by questionnaire was applied to 504 members of the academic community at the University, and it was found that among the participants there is still great scepticism toward e-learning and technologically mediated education, especially among younger students. Participants also considered that learning management systems presenting a plethora of features are not as desirable as systems focused on providing a pleasant and consistent user experience.

When educational institutes are closed, children and youth miss out on social contact, which is essential for learning and development. As a result, they are deprived of opportunities for growth and multidimensional development. Due to sudden shift to online learning without any planning especially in countries like India, students seem to be losing interest due to low levels of attention span. New ways of delivery and assessments of learning outcomes will have to be adopted which opens immense opportunities for a major transformation in the area of curriculum development and pedagogy.

With the rapid developments of information technologies, distance education programs in library and information science are increasing across the world. Instructors play very important roles in providing high quality instruction for students. Given this climate, this article briefly compares the traditional education with distance education and discusses the instructor's roles from multiple perspectives. The related literature is reviewed, which results in the recommendation that instructors should prepare for and perform multiple roles while teaching. Only when much more importance is attached to multiple roles in distance education by instructors themselves, administrators, and accreditors can the quality of distance education, assessment and evaluation be effectively improved in the future. Instructors who are accustomed to delivering lectures in face-to-face classrooms and will teach online should have a good mastery of the multiple teaching roles transformation, be very clear about what roles and responsibilities they should have in distance education, and have the corresponding changing role-related skills and competencies in order to provide the high quality teaching for distance learners.

Each year universities deal with large numbers of students who have unsatisfactory academic performance or who are asked to "Show Cause" why they should not be forcibly excluded. Although student and learning support sections of universities can assist students on an individual or group basis, most students are usually left to their own devices as to how they respond to such academic warnings. Few resources are available for distance or online students, or for students who do not want to be part of a formal interview process, if one exists. This paper describes the design, development and evaluation of AWARE, an online Academic Warning and Reflection Exercise, at the University of Southern Queensland. This resource allows students, through a series of focused questions, to reflect on the reasons for their poor performance, to investigate strategies for improvement from a bank of online resources and to develop a personalised action plan for success. Underpinning AWARE is a theoretical framework drawn from literature on retention in higher education and critical discourse and cross cultural communication theories. AWARE has been widely utilised by students over 2005-2006, and preliminary evaluations show that students appreciate its availability and anonymity. AWARE is now an integral part of the administrative and support processes to assist students who are on a pathway to withdrawal. The statistics gathered from AWARE provide the university with useful insights into students' perceptions of why they have not performed and it is now one of the university's key retention strategies. Although AWARE was initially designed as a last resort strategy, it also may also have a role in early intervention for distance education students. This article has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication in SLEID, an international journal of scholarship and research that supports emerging scholars and the development of evidence-based practice in education.

The study was on the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in higher educational administration in Uganda. The study population comprised of four universities. Convenience sampling was used to obtain the sample size of 48 admininistrators from the population. The study aimed at identifying the roles of ICT in higher educational administration and a survey method was employed to investigate the study. Related literatures were reviewed from journals and past researches, data was collected using a well designed and validated questionnaire, the data was statistically analyzed and interpreted using weighted average and chi square test. The findings of this study revealed that ICT greatly enhanced educational administrator's performance through improving cross communication at the managerial level, quick access to needed information, provides media and enhances information accuracy, analyzing data fast and effectively, their knowledge and skills a networked platform f...

Translated in Dutch by SWP publisher Paul Roosenstein, from:
Rygaard, N.P. (2021): Climate Change, Migration, Urbanization, and the Mental Health of Children at Risk in the European Union -
A Discussion of the Need for Large Scale Interventions
European Psychologist (2021), 26(3), 204–211
2021 Hogrefe Publishing

The online courses are a very good motivation tool. They surely support all education, foreign language teaching inclusive. As for use of blended learning in foreign language teaching, it is a case of very progressive and useful way. Learning on our praxis and experience we regard blended learning as a very suitable means of teaching German and we count on its extension into other education fields. The researchers constantly enrich their created courses by using new technical possibilities. And also for this reason they are popular with our students. An anonymous evaluation of the courses takes place usually place in the end of a term. All students say that the teaching by means of supporting courses suits them.

This study reports on research carried out on 105 tutors working on distance graduate courses at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) to assess the relationship between the level of trust and the conflict management in tutors of distance learning based graduate courses at UFSC on the AVEA - Virtual Environment of Learning. The research uses descriptive and quantitative methodology. It should be highlighted that the level of trust of the whole team prevails in the relationships, which explains the adoption of the Integration style, considered the most appropriate for creative solutions in moments of conflict.

A natureza do trabalho pedagógico exige domínio de saberes específicos de diversas áreas do conhecimento, nesse sentido as novas linguagens e tecnologias, se destacam, considerando os diferentes âmbitos do ensino. O conhecimento adquirido na formação acadêmica deveria ser reelaborado através da
formação continuada para atender a complexidade e a hetereogenidade das situações que solicitam intervenções pedagógicas representativas, assim o presente estudo buscou investigar como o AVA, ambiente virtual de aprendizagem do curso de capacitação de professores na Educação a Distância pode proporcionar um novo conceito a respeito desta modalidade de ensino, no processo de formação continuada dos professores. Para tanto foram traçados metas, ações e procedimentos metodológicos que contemplaram estas questões. Partindo do pressuposto de que a realidade só pode ser apreendida se for considerada em suas múltiplas dimensões, o uso inovador da tecnologia aplicada à educação, e mais especificamente, à educação a distância, deveria estar referenciado em uma filosofia de aprendizagem que
proporcione a oportunidade de interação e construção do conhecimento.

In developed countries, the education divide between students with access  and those without access to elite education providers has deepened. Students who have limited access to ‘elite’ education are at risk of joining a vicious circle of low educational outcomes, inadequate and inappropriate training for the emerging workplace, and behaviours that make escape from poverty difficult (Boven, Harland & Grace, 2011). This case study explores the lessons to be learned from a school that has embarked on a path to engage all of its students in 'Education for Enterprise' as a curriculum foundation to help its students aspire and achieve educational outcomes that better position them for modern citizenship, tertiary education, or other promising career pathways.

Related information:
Boven, R., Harland, C., & Grace, L. (2011). More ladders, fewer snakes: Two proposals to reduce youth disadvantage (Discussion Paper 2011/1). Auckland, N.Z.: The New Zealand Institute. Retrieved from http://stakeholderstrategies.co.nz/files/REPORT%20-%20More%20ladders%20fewer%20snakes.pdf

Mellalieu, P., & Vause, A. (2012, March 17). Advancing educational outcomes through Education for Enterprise in a Maori/Pacifika school: The case of Nga Kakano Christian Reo Rua Kura Part ONE: Strategic development issues. Innovation & chaos ... in search of optimality. Retrieved March 17, 2012, from http://pogus.tumblr.com/post/19444076798/advancing-educational-outcomes-through-education-for

The pivot from a hybrid learning environment to a fully online one brings to the fore questions of fairness and equity for marginalized individuals and groups of students at our minority-majority university. Because effective distance education requires adjustments to instruction at all levels, the shift to remote teaching raises questions about effective preparation of in-service and preservice teachers who work with students from diverse cultural, linguistic, and ability backgrounds. In this paper I address some of the difficulties faced by students, teachers, and families in New Mexico during the sudden transition to remote education. I outline educator perspectives related to the graduate and undergraduate technology integration courses I teach, emphasizing the need to support students from diverse linguistic, sociocultural, and ability backgrounds, particularly those living in geographically isolated communities.
Available at:
https://www.digitalcultureandeducation.com/reflections-on-covid19/new-mexico

Distance education, e-learning, and virtual university are similar terms for a trend of modern education. It is an integration of information technologies, computer hardware systems, and communication tools, to support educational professionals in remote teaching. This paper presents an overview of distance education from the perspective of policy, people, and technology. A number of questions frequently asked in distance learning panel discussions are presented, with the suggested answers from the authors. The survey presented in this paper includes communication, intelligent, and educational technologies of distance education. Readers of this paper are academic researchers and engineers who are interested in new research issues of distance education, as well as educators and general participants who are seeking new solutions.

The article seeks to clarify the meaning of mobile learning by applying its key concepts to learning experiences in post-school education. In other words, it seeks not to discuss one fixed meaning of mobile learning but to disassemble the basic components and provide an interpretation of the model in the context of higher education. The article argues that in order to comprehensively understand and define mobile learning, we should from the outset separate its key components and arrange them under three different concepts. The first concept relates to the mobility of the technology. The second concept hinges on increased learner mobility. The third concept examines the mobility and dynamism of the learning processes and the flow of information. The article concludes that knowledge in the modern world is transformed by the development of revolutionary technologies in society.