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The role of transnational corporations in the globalisation process Grazia Ietto-Gillies 1 1980 and 2007… As a result, the multiple of the stock of financial assets to world output jumped from 1.2 to 4.4…'. l Social and organisational changes. The organisation of production and business in general has undergone considerable changes made possible and indeed necessary by the new technologies. l Transnational corporations. The major changes are related to the organisation of production across countries due to the activities of TNCs, on which more in the rest of this chapter. l Technological basis of globalisation. None of the above changes would have been possible on the scale in which we are witnessing them without the introduction and rapid spread of the information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ICTs affect every aspect of the globalisation process from the movement of people, products and resources, to the organisation of production. Considerable improvements have also occurred in the technology and costs of transportation. As regards the quantitative aspects of the globalisation process, the following issues are relevant. l There has been an increase in the number of mechanisms of interconnectedness across borders: from the traditional trade flows to foreign investment (direct and portfolio) and related incomes, to various types of collaborative business ventures.

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introduzione al volume che l'insegnamento del vocabolario della propria disciplina non è sempre la principale preoccupazione di un docente universitario, e che ciò vale anche per chi «insegna la paleografia e le materie correlate, quali in particolare la diplomatica e la codicologia». Se, forse, in passato ci si poteva permettere di presumere che gli studenti possedessero gli attrezzi concettuali e terminologici necessari allo studio di una certa disciplina, nel caso particolare la paleografia, oggi nulla può essere dato per scontato. Evidente dovrebbe quindi risultare, più che l'utilità, la necessità di uno strumento che accompagni i discenti in un ambito tecnico quale la paleografia latina, tanto indispensabile allo studio del nostro passato quanto confinato in un orizzonte quasi esotico -il che potrebbe, in una prospettiva didattica, essere volto in vantaggio, poiché c'è un'inevitabile alterità nel passato e una quota di mistero sempre nuovo da indagare. Del glossario di Adelaide Ricci colpisce innanzitutto la semplicità: una virtù che tuttavia nasconde un lungo e paziente lavoro di chiarificazione, percorso che conduce alla chiarezza. È proprio la chiarezza terminologica a svolgere la funzione di autentica guida dei perplessi -o degli inesperti, quali sono non solo gli studenti, ma anche gran parte degli storici non specialisti della disciplina. Si trovano nel Glossario, per questa ragione, voci che dettagliano aspetti specifici dell'edizione di manoscritti (è il caso delle iniziali decorate e della loro nomenclatura), termini legati alla storia dei testi e alla loro redazione (alcuni, originale o redattore, apparentemente intuitivi, altri, come abitato o rasura, che appartengono al lessico più tecnicamente specifico della materia) e altri più generali ma che potrebbero talvolta causare fraintendimenti (come, nella struttura di un'opera, sommario, indice o intercolùmnio). Un pregio indiretto del Glossario di paleografia risiede nel suo mostrarci, attraverso la terminologia, la ricchezza della storia del libro nel suo farsi oggetto concreto di lettura e di studio; va quindi doppiamente apprezzato il fatto che questo volume si pone consapevolmente all'interno di questa nobile storia, che contiene e dalla quale è contenuto: in tale prospettiva si pone un'eccellente bibliografia ragionata, tanto semplice quanto intelligente, valida guida per gli studenti che opportunamente intendano proseguire nello studio della materia paleografica, una disciplina preziosa e, come tutte le altre, in evoluzione. Ai paleografi esperti, infine, il Glossario di Adelaide Ricci può servire come utile promemoria relativamente a un aspetto che ogni specialista tende paradossalmente a trascurare, per non dire dimenticare: la bellezza della propria terminologia specifica.

作品簡介： 每一天醒來，克莉絲汀都身處一個陌生的房間，身旁躺著一個不認識的男人。 當她面對鏡子，只看見一張陌生的臉，比她所知的自己老了 20 歲。 接著，男人會耐心說明： 我是妳丈夫班恩，妳今年 47 歲，20 年前遭遇嚴重車禍，從此記憶受損。 每一天醒來，克莉絲汀就像懵懂的孩子，關於她世界裡的一切，全仰賴班恩告知。 不過每一天，她也會接到陌生的奈許醫師來電，要她到衣櫥後方找出日記。 原來，克莉絲汀在睡前會寫下今天的事作為「備忘錄」 ，提醒明天失憶的自己。 就這樣，克莉絲汀藉著日記的累積，一天天重建了自己的歷史， 但其中細節漸漸和班恩、奈許醫師的說法產生矛盾。 究竟哪一個版本可以信任？ 今天醒來，她翻開日記，第一頁只寫著：別相信班恩。 <內文> 感覺不對勁，臥室看上去很陌生。我不知道自己是在哪里，不知道自己是怎 麼到了這個地方的。我不知道怎樣才能回家。 但我一定是在這裏過的夜。一個女人的聲音吵醒了我，剛開始我以為她跟我 睡在同一張床上，然後我才意識到她是在念新聞，播報聲是從收音機鬧鐘裏傳來 的。睜開眼我就發現自己躺在這兒，在一間完全陌生的屋子裏。 眼睛逐漸適應了環境，我四下張望，周圍暗沉沉的。衣櫃的門背後掛著一件 晨袍--是女式的沒錯，不過看款式倒適合一個比我老得多的人。幾條海軍藍褲 子疊得整整齊齊地搭在一把椅子上，椅子緊挨著化妝台，餘下的一切在視線裏卻 都顯得朦朦朧朧。鬧鐘的結構似乎很複雜，但我找到了一個最像開關的按鈕。好 在它的確有效。 正在這時，我聽見身後傳來一陣斷斷續續的呼吸聲，才發現屋子裏還有別人。 我扭過頭，只看見一大片裸露的皮膚，一頭黑髮裏還散落著星星點點的斑白色。 那是個男人。他的左胳膊露在被子外，無名指上戴著一枚金戒指。我心裏暗暗呻 吟了一聲。這麼說，眼前這個男人不僅年紀已老，頭髮已經開始泛白，而且還結 婚了--我不僅勾搭上了一個已婚男人，看上去還正躺在他常常跟妻子同睡的那 張床上。我往後一仰，努力讓自己集中精神。我該為自己感到羞愧。 但我仍然忍不住好奇：他的妻子上哪兒去了？要擔心她隨時可能回來嗎？我 可以想像她站在屋子的另一頭破口大?，罵我什麼都有可能：蕩婦、美杜莎、蛇 蠍美女。我想知道如果她真的現身的話我該怎麼辯解，也不知道到時候我還能不 能說出話來。不過，床上的那個男人看上去似乎並不擔心，他翻了個身，還打起 了呼嚕。 我儘量一動不動地躺著。如果遇上這種情況，通常我都記得是怎麼回事，但 今天實在一點印象都沒有。我肯定是參加了什麼派對，也說不定是泡了回酒吧或 是夜店。不管怎樣，我肯定是喝得爛醉如泥，醉得不省人事，才會跟一個手戴婚 戒、背上還長體毛的男人回了家。 我盡可能輕手輕腳地掀起被子，坐到了床邊。當務之急，我要去趟洗手間。 我沒有理睬腳邊的拖鞋，畢竟，跟人家的丈夫瞎搞是一碼事，要穿別的女人的鞋 卻是絕對不行的。我光著腳躡手躡腳地走到樓梯平臺上。我明白自己身上一絲不 掛，所以生怕進錯了門，撞上這屋裏別的住客或者主人家正處於青春期的兒子。 讓人松一口氣的是，我看見洗手間的門正虛掩著，便走進去鎖上門。 我坐下來解決了內急，沖了馬桶，轉身洗手。我伸出手拿香皂，卻突然意識 到事情有些不對勁兒。剛開始我沒想通是怎麼回事，不過立刻明白了過來。拿香 皂的手看上去不像是我的，那雙手看上去皺巴巴的，手指也顯得渾圓粗壯。指甲 沒有打理過，一個個被啃得光禿禿的，跟我剛剛離開的床上那個男人一樣，這只 手上也戴著一枚金質結婚素戒。 我睜大眼睛瞪了一會兒，動了動自己的手指。那只拿香皂的手也動了動手指。 我倒抽一口冷氣，香皂啪的一聲掉到了水池裏。我抬頭盯著鏡子。 鏡中回望著我的那張臉不是我自己。頭髮稀稀拉拉，比我常留的要短許多， 臉頰和下巴上的皮膚塌陷下來，雙唇單薄，嘴角下垂。我在心裏叫了出來，不做 聲地喘著氣--如果壓住聲音的話，我發出的肯定是一聲驚恐的尖叫。接著我注 意到了鏡中人的眼睛。眼眶四周佈滿了皺紋，沒錯，哪怕一切都已經面目全非， 我還是能辨認出來：這是我的眼睛。鏡子裏的那個人是我，不過足足老了二十歲。 二十五歲。或者更多。 這不可能。我渾身發抖，伸手抓住了洗手池。嗓子裏又湧上了一聲尖叫，這 一次喘著氣出了口，像是脖子被掐住了一樣。我從鏡子前後退了一步，就在這時， 我發現了它們：那些一張張貼在牆上、鏡子上的照片。其中夾雜著零星的黃色膠 帶紙，還有一些磨毛了邊的紙條，又卷又濕。 我隨便挑了一張。克麗絲，上面這麼寫道，打了個箭頭指著我的照片--那 個全新的我，變老了的那個--照片裏我坐在一張碼頭邊的長凳上，旁邊有個男 人。名字似乎有點熟悉，可是記憶又很模糊，仿佛我必須努力才能相信這是我的 名字。照片中的兩個人都在對著鏡頭微笑，十指緊扣。男人英俊迷人，細看之下 我發現這正是跟我過夜、現在躺在床上的那個男人。照片下寫著一個名字--「本」 ，旁邊還有幾個字： 「你的丈夫」 。 我吸了一口氣，把照片從牆上撕了下來。不，我想，不！怎麼會這樣……我 飛快地掃視著其他的照片。張張都是我和他。其中有一張裏我身穿一條難看的裙 子正在打開一件禮物，另外一張裏我們兩人穿著情侶防水夾克站在一道瀑布前， 一隻小狗在我們腳邊嗅來嗅去。旁邊一張是我坐在他的身旁小口啜著一杯橙汁， 身上所穿的晨袍正是我剛剛在隔壁臥室裏見過的那一件。 我又退了幾步，一直退到後背貼上了冰冷的瓷磚。這時記憶似乎從深深的水 面下露出了一線身影，當我努力想要抓住這縷微光時，它卻輕飄飄地飛遠了，像 散入風中的灰燼，而我意識到我的生命裏有個過去--儘管我對那段時間裏發生 了什麼一無所知；我也有個現在--就是這個現在把我帶到了這裏，帶到了他的 身邊，帶到了這所房子裏。但在我的過去和現在之間，只有一段漫長無聲的空白。 我回到臥室，手裏還拿著一張照片--上面是我和今早醒來躺在身邊的男人 的合影--我把它舉到面前。 「這是怎麼回事？」我大聲尖叫著，淚水一顆顆滾過臉頰。男人從床上坐起 來，半眯著眼睛。 「你是誰？」我質問道。 「我是你的丈夫。」他說。他還一臉昏昏欲睡的表情，看不出一點生氣的樣 子。他沒有正眼看我赤裸的身體。 「我們已經結婚很多年了。」 「你這是什麼意思？」我想逃跑，但無處可去， 「結婚很多年？那是什麼意 思？」 他站了起來。 「給你。」他說著把那件晨袍遞過來，我穿衣服的時候他一直 在旁邊等。他穿著一條過於寬鬆的睡褲和一件白色背心，這讓我想起了我爸爸。 「我們是 1985 年結的婚，」他說， 「22 年前。你--」 我打斷了他。 「什麼？」我感覺臉上失去了血色，整個屋子開始旋轉。不知 道在房間的什麼地方有只時鐘發出了滴答一聲，在我聽來卻如同雷鳴。 「可是--」 他朝我走過來一步，我囁嚅著， 「怎麼--」 「克麗絲，你現在 47 歲了。」他說。我看著他，這個陌生人正向我露出微 笑。我不願意相信他，甚至都不想聽到他在說些什麼，但他依然接著說了下去。 「你出了場意外。」他說， 「一次嚴重的事故，頭部受了傷。你記不起事情來。」 「記不起什麼事？」我說。我想說的是，不會 25 年通通忘得一乾二淨吧？ 「什麼事？」 他又向我走了幾步，小心翼翼地接近我，仿佛我是一隻被嚇壞了的動物。 「一 切。」他說， 「有時候忘掉的時間段從你 20 出頭開始，有時候甚至還早些。」 我的腦子裏思緒紛亂，一個個日期和年齡數飛快地閃過。我不想問，但清楚 我必須問。 「什麼時候……我出意外是什麼時候？」 他看著我，臉上的表情既有憐憫也有恐懼。 「在你 29 歲的時候……」 我閉上了眼睛。儘管想拼命抗拒這個消息，可是我知道--在內心深處--那是真的。我聽見自己哭出了聲，這時那個叫「本」的男人走到門口，來到我身 邊。我感覺到他就在旁邊，當他雙手摟住我的腰時我沒有動；當他把我拉進懷裏 時我沒有反抗。他抱著我。我們一起輕輕地搖晃著，我意識到這個動作有點莫名 地熟悉，它讓我感覺好些了。 「我愛你，克麗絲。」他說。儘管我知道該說我也愛他，我卻沒有。我一句 話也沒有說。我怎麼能愛他呢？他是一個陌生人。一切都亂套了。我想知道的事 情太多了：我是怎麼走到這一步的？我又如何掙扎著生存了下來？但我不知道該 怎麼開口。 「我很害怕。」我說。 「我知道。」他回答說， 「我知道。不過別擔心，克麗絲。我會照顧你，我 會永遠照顧你。你會沒事的。相信我。」 他說他會帶我在房子裏四處走走。我安心了一點。我已經穿上了他遞給我的 一條內褲、一件舊 T 恤，披上長袍。我們走到樓梯平臺上。 「洗手間你已經見過 了。」他說著打開旁邊的門， 「這間是書房。」 屋裏有張玻璃書桌，桌上擱著一件東西，我猜那一定是電腦，儘管它看上去 小得滑稽，跟一個玩具差不多。它的旁邊有個銅灰色的文件櫃，上方是一張壁掛 進度表。一切都乾淨整齊、井井有條。 「我時不時地在那兒工作。」他說著關上 門。我們穿過樓梯平臺，他打開了另外一扇門。一張床、一張梳粧檯、好幾個衣 櫃。它跟我醒來時看見的房間幾乎一模一樣。 「有時候你會在這兒睡覺。」他說， 「當你想的時候。不過通常你不喜歡孤身一個人醒來。如果想不出自己在哪兒的 話，你會嚇壞的。」我點點頭。我感覺像一個來租房子的客戶在四下查看著一個 新公寓，順便打量著未來的室友。 「我們下樓去吧。」他說。 我跟在他身後下了樓。他帶我看了客廳--裏面有一張棕色沙發和配套的椅 子，一塊嵌在牆上的純平螢幕，他告訴我那是一台電視--和餐廳、廚房。沒有 一個房間讓我有點印象，我什麼感覺也沒有，即使是在一個櫥櫃上看到一張鏡框 裏裝著我們倆的合影之後。 「屋後面有個花園。」他說，於是我向通往廚房的玻 璃門後張望。天色微明，天空漸漸發亮成墨藍，我可以辨認出一棵大樹的輪廓， 小花園遠遠的另一端擺設著一個小棚，但也僅此而已。我發現自己甚至不知道我 們是在世界的哪個角落。 「我們在哪兒？」我說。 他站在我的身後，我可以看到我們兩個人在玻璃上的倒影。我，我的丈夫。 兩個中年人。 「倫敦北部。」他回答說， 「伏尾區。」 我後退了一步。驚恐又湧上來了。 「天哪，」我說， 「我都不知道自己他媽的 住在哪里……」 他握住了我的一隻手。 「別擔心。你會沒事的。」我轉身面對著他，等他告 訴我要怎麼樣才能沒事，但是他沒有。 「要我幫你弄杯咖啡嗎？」 有一瞬間我有點恨他，不過之後我說： 「好的，多謝。」他灌上了一壺水。 「可 以的話，黑咖啡，」我說， 「不加糖。」 「我知道。」他說著沖我笑了笑， 「想要麵包嗎？」 我說好的。他一定知道很多關於我的事情，但眼前的一切仍然好像是露水情 緣過後的一個早晨：與一個陌生人在他家吃早餐，暗自思考要怎麼體面地脫身， 好回自己家去。 不過不同之處就在於此。他說這就是我的家。 「我想我需要坐一會兒。」我說。他抬頭看著我。 「去客廳坐。」他說， 「我馬上把東西給你端過去。」 我離開了廚房。 過了一會兒本也跟進了客廳。他遞給我一本書。 「這是一個剪貼簿。」他說。 「可能會對你有點兒幫助。」我接過小冊子。它是塑膠面裝訂，本來也許想弄成 像舊皮革的模樣，可惜沒有成功。冊子上面紮著一條紅色絲帶，打了一個歪歪扭 扭的蝴蝶結。 「我馬上回來。」他說著離開了房間。 我在沙發上坐下來。腿上的剪貼簿很沉，打開它看的感覺像是在窺探誰的隱 私。我提醒自己無論裏面的內容如何，那都是關於我自己的，是我的丈夫給我看 的。 我解開蝴蝶結隨意翻開一頁。面前是一張我和本的照片，兩個人看上去十分 年輕。 我啪地合上剪貼簿，摸著封面，翻著書頁。我一定每天都不得不這麼做。 我無法想像。我敢肯定什麼地方出了什麼大錯，可是不可能。證據確鑿無 誤--在樓上的鏡子上，在眼前撫摸著剪貼簿的那雙手的條條皺紋上--我不是 今天早上醒來時自己以為的那個人。 不過那又是誰？我想。什麼時候我才是那個在陌生人的床上醒來、唯一的念 頭就是脫身的人？我閉上了眼睛，覺得自己仿佛飄浮了起來，無根無本，有迷失 的危險。 我需要讓自己定定心。我閉上眼睛試圖把注意力集中到某件事物上，不管什 麼事物，只要是實實在在的東西。一件也沒有找到。這麼多年的生命，憑空消失 了，我想。 這本書會告訴我關於我的一切，但我不想打開它。至少現在還不行。我想在 這裏坐一會兒，帶著那個空白的過去，就這麼遊蕩在茫然的曠野，在可能性與現 實之間尋求平衡的落點。我害怕去探索自己的過去：害怕知道我已經擁有哪些成 就，還有什麼有待去成就。 本又來了，在我的面前放下一個餐碟，上面擺著一些麵包片、兩杯咖啡，還 有一壺牛奶。 「你沒事吧？」他問。我點了點頭。 他在我身旁坐下。他已經刮過臉，穿上了長褲、襯衣和領帶，看起來再也不 像我的父親了。現在他看上去似乎在銀行任職，或者在某辦事處工作。不過挺不 錯的，我想，接著把這個想法從腦子裏趕了出去。 「我每天都這樣嗎？」我問。他擱了一片麵包到碟子裏，塗上黃油。 「差不多。」他說， 「你要一點兒嗎？」我搖了搖頭，他咬了一口麵包。 「醒

O livro de Caco Barcellos, "Rota 66 -A polícia que mata" está inserido na descrição de uma obra do "New Journalism", pois, assim como À sangue frio de Capote, a ênfase que é dada aos detalhes é mais perceptível, tal como um envolvimento extremamente pessoal sobre aquilo que se está debruçado, indo de encontro com as idéias primárias do "Hard News". No livro é discutido repetidas vezes sobre o papel do Jornalismo na sociedade e fica evidente que ele não se resume a um mero "transmissor de informações" e Caco mostra em seu livro que a função jornalística varia de programador (através do agendasetting, capaz de ceder ideias para uma conversa entre amigos, por exemplo.) até manutenção da democracia (através do seu papel de vigilante dos poderosos.). Ou seja, o Jornalismo tem a responsabilidade ideal, de "informar os cidadãos, permitindo, simultaneamente que nos meios ocorram um verdadeiro debate público e, em princípio, não excludente" (SOUSA, 2007; p.2) A obra começa com um convidado especial, Narciso Kalili, que diz que Caco é um jornalista que possui um lado, porém este lado ao qual Kalili se refere, não é um lado político ou um lado que o leva a distorcer fatos para ter razão, e sim um lado preparado para procurar por justiça em forma de notícia. Nota-se logo no início a proximidade de Caco com o tipo de estudo que ele faz, este envolvimento seria o seu olhar subjetivo, a sua "escolha de cartas", mas como a subjetividade não garante a credibilidade (que é algo essencial ao jornalismo), ele logo precisou partir para uma pesquisa profunda daquilo que o seu feeling e a sua vivência diziam ser notícia, ou seja, ele precisa fazer uma busca "permanentemente em que o objecto de conhecimento e do discurso se sobreponha a ele, jornalista, sujeito que conhece." (SOUSA, 2007; p. 3). Então, Caco se aliou a técnicas de pesquisas organizadas e consideradas fontes legitimas e averiguáveis: O jornal Notícias populares; Informações contidas no Boletim 1 Graduanda em Comunicação Social, habilitação Jornalismo pela Universidade da Amazônia -Unama/Pará, cursando o 6º semestre.

"Megaleh Temirin (Revealer of Secrets), ed. Jonatan Meir, Three volumes, Mosad Bialik, Jerusalem

Megaleh Temirin (Revealer of Secrets), first published in Vienna in 1819, is one of the sharpest and wittiest pieces of Jewish literature written in the first half of the nineteenth century, and is perhaps the most important piece of Hebrew prose composed before the stories of Mendele Mocher Seforim. A sly and complex story deriding Hasidism and Hasidim, it is told through the correspondence between the beadles of Hasidic courts and contemporary rabbis, and it presents a dark picture of  avaricious frauds and swindlers whose main concern was control over territory and the souls of believers, a goal achieved by beguiling the authorities and attacking all opponents. Perl lends his book a ‘Hasidic’ feel both in its physical design and in its language, presenting a Maskilic version of In Praise of the Ba’al Shem Tov that lays Hasidism bare so that no reader will ever be able to look at that, or any other Hasidic book, in the same way again. In addition to the book’s satiric sting, which would have been enough to bring its readers a dual pleasure, Perl’s hints at contemporary people and places, hidden within anagrams and numerological tricks. With the unraveling of these clues, which also include the use of actual Hasidic sources, the book is a valuable, contemporary view of historical reality. A meticulous reading of the book may therefore open a window on the hidden worlds of Hasidism and the Haskalah at the start of the nineteenth century.


The first volume (Imagined Hasidism) serves as an introduction to the complex satirical writings of Josef Perl of Tarnopol (1773-1839). At the center of the book stands an analysis of the satires, Megaleh Temirin (1819) and Bochen Tzadik (1838), including a systematic treatment of the ‘characters’ in the central works and a discussion of the dozens of manuscripts to be found in the Perl Archive in Jerusalem. Perl’s writings are analyzed here in the fuller context of Hebrew and Yiddish literature in general and Maskilic and Hasidic literature in particular, as well as other polemical writings and governmental records critical of Hasidism. The study thus presents a complex and nuanced picture of the relationship between literature and history, between the anti-Hasidic reports and the more complicated historical reality, and lays the groundwork for further research into the genre of nineteenth-century Maskilic satire.

The second and third volumes (Megaleh Temirin) present for the first time an annotated edition of Megaleh Temirin. It is based on the first edition and the scattered manuscripts and it includes a comparison to its Yiddish translation. The book is accompanied by appendices on its origins and contents, including fundamental treatments of several passages: an explication of the encoded names, the Hasidic sources used by the author, and the variants found in the manuscripts and in the only edition of the book in Yiddish.

The editor of the book, Professor Jonatan Meir, teaches in the Goldstein-Goren Department of Jewish Thought at Ben-Gurion University. He has published several articles on the Haskalah of Eastern Europe, Hasidism, and a number of varied topics in twentieth-century Kabbalah.


Contents

Volume 1  - Critical Edition

Concerning this edition
Key personalities
Sefer Megale Temirin – Critical Edition


Volume 2 - Appendixes:
1. Glossary, Abbreviations, Acronyms
2. Explanation of the Speaking Names
3. Perl’s Hasidic Sources
4. Manuscripts of Sefer Megale Temirin
5. Yiddish Introduction to Sefer Megale Temirin
Bibliographic Abbreviations

-------------------------------
Reviews:
(1) Dan Meron, 2013, ‘Megaleh Temirin’, Kivunim Hadashim 29, 55 pages (Hebrew)
(2) David Assaf, 2014, ‘Hasidim will not Read it but Tear it’, Haaretz, Tarbut ve-Sifrut, p .6 (Hebrew) http://onegshabbat.blogspot.co.il/2014/04/blog-post_18.html
(3) Eliezer Brodt, 2014, 'New book Announcement- Megale Temirin', The Seforim Blog http://seforim.blogspot.co.il/2014/01/new-book-announcement-megale-temirin.html
(4) Matan Hermoni, 2014,  הסבתא המופקרת של הספרות העבריתHaaretz, Sfarim (Hebrew) http://www.haaretz.co.il/.premium-1.2382365
(5) Shinichi Yamamoto, 2015, 山本　伸一, "ヨナタン・メイール編著『想像のハシディズム』", ユダヤ・イスラエル研究　第28号  http://www.waseda.jp/assoc-jsjs/jistudies.html
(6) David Biale and David Assaf,, 2015, 'Revealer Revealed', Jewish Review of Books, pp. 17-21  http://jewishreviewofbooks.com/articles/1454/revealer-revealed/
(7) Hillel Halkin, 2015, "Sex, Magic, Bigotry, Corruption- and the First Hebrew Novel', Mosaic Magazine,  http://mosaicmagazine.com/observation/2015/05/sex-magic-bigotry-corruption-and-the-first-hebrew-novel/
(8) Tomer Persico, 2015, "Interview", Lula'at haEl Blog, http://tomerpersico.com/2015/08/10/meir_perl/

Aspects of the New Book Economy
The article is part of an extensive study addressing the actual state of relationship between print and digital world in the field of classic works and in particular - of the Bulgarian literary heritage. The author explores the projections of the book phenomenon in a rapidly changing innovative environment from the 1950s to present, its resilience to the adverse effects of new media and ability to preserve its distinctiveness by positively linking its own "genetic" valences to innovation. The emphasis in this article is on the new book economy, which is already a reality that needs systematic research and analysis. The technological revolution has prompted the need for completely new knowledge and qualifications, as well as their adaptation to professions practiced in the book sector for centuries. Changes therein that have occurred for less than half a century present grounds for reformulating the concept of “book economy". Experts define it as "new" because innovations in the sector have not only developed further and refined its driving economic mechanisms but also evoked new practices, inexistent before the introduction of digital technologies in all areas of production and public life. The article contains a first attempt to define the notion of "new book economy".

Аспекти на новата книжна икономика
Статията е част от обширно изследване, проблематизиращо актуалната картина на взаимоотношенията между печатния и дигиталния свят в областта на литературната класика и по-специално – на българското книжовно наследство. Авторът анализира проекциите на феномена книга в бързо променящата се иновативна среда от 50-те години на 20. век до днес, устойчивостта му срещу негативните влияния на новите медии и способността му да съхранява своята уникалност, свързвайки позитивно „генетичните“ си валенции с иновациите. Акцентът в настоящата статия е поставен върху новата книжна икономика, която вече е факт, нуждаещ се от проучване и анализ. Технологичната революция предизвика необходимостта от изцяло нови знания и квалификации, както и адаптирането им към упражняваните от векове професии в книжния сектор. Промените в него за по-малко от половин век съдържат основанието за преформулиране на понятието „книжна икономика“. Експертите я определят като „нова“, защото иновациите в книжния сектор не просто са доразвили и усъвършенствали съществуващите и движещи го икономически механизми, но са извикали на живот нови практики, несъществуващи до внедряването на цифровите технологии във всички области на производството и обществения живот. В статията за първи път се прави опит за определение на понятието „нова книжна икономика“.

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In " The Trouble with women " the illustrator Jacky Fleming ironically recounts why the female universe has been cut out from the world's history. A history made by great men and their wives, sisters, lovers, friends, counselors. Or worse, muses. No history for women, to quote the Coen Brothers. Which is confirmed by a very simple theory, supported by famous scientists like Darwin: women's brain is not able to study, to learn, to understand. Consequently, women from the ancient times drawn by Jacky wear tight corsets, cumbersome skirts, but above all they have tiny heads on their shoulders. They are locked in a big ball, the domestic sphere.

Tuongee Kiswahili Conversational Phrasebook is designed to help me speak Kiswahili in basic daily situations rapidly, effectively, and easily. This Conversational phrasebook has 32 topical lessons (accompanied by Audio, DVD), covering everything that I need to know to understand and speak Kiswahili. By reading this book, I will be able to introduce myself, get help in an emergency; shop; order in a restaurant; communicate in the office, talk about myself and family and even discuss literature, politics and public affairs.

Tuongee Kiswahili Conversational Course is a Conversational course that uses this phrasebook together with CDs and DVDs to make me want to study. It does not waste my time just teaching me vocabulary and grammar. If I am going to learn Kiswahili, or any other language for that matter, I HAVE to speak it. The motto is “Listen, Repeat, and Speak Kiswahili.”

Topik analisis biaya-manfaat (cost-benefit analysis) dalam perencanaan pendidikan, selama satu dasawarsa terakhir, telah sering membangkitkan kecurigaan di kalangan para guru dan administrator pendidikan. Analisis semacam ini biasanya diajukan oleh para ekonom, yang bukan dari kalangan pendidik, dalam penentuan alokasi anggaran untuk sektor pendidikan di dalam anggaran nasional (APBN).

The ICBER series is an academic activity for interested scholars, scientists, technologists, policy makers, corporate bodies and graduate students. The aim of the conference is to diffuse research findings and create a conductive environment for scholars to debate and exchange ideas that lead to development in social, political, cultural and economic spheres of the global community. Following the call for papers by the International Scientific Commission, papers we received more than 200 proposals from 25 different countries from all continents. As a commitment to the vision and mission of academic excellence and integrity, each paper was anonymously reviewed by two members of the editorial subcommittee of the Commission. This book of proceedings contains a selection of the papers presented at the conference. We wish to express our sincere thanks to the Governing Council, Management and Senate of the Ignatius Ajuru University of Education for providing the venue and facilities for the conference and for being committed to towards ensuring the success of the conference by setting up a high powered Adhoc Local Orgainising Committee led by Professor M.O.N. Obagah. We thank the staff and students of the institution for their cooperation and support for the project. We express our profound gratitude to all and sundry especially our Special Guests, delegates, reviewers, the media, the Nigerian foreign missions and all the cooperating partners for their contributions in promoting this noble academic event.

Megaleh Temirin (Revealer of Secrets), first published in Vienna in 1819, is one of the sharpest and wittiest pieces of Jewish literature written in the first half of the nineteenth century, and is perhaps the most important piece of Hebrew prose composed before the stories of Mendele Mocher Seforim. A sly and complex story deriding Hasidism and Hasidim, it is told through the correspondence between the beadles of Hasidic courts and contemporary rabbis, and it presents a dark picture of  avaricious frauds and swindlers whose main concern was control over territory and the souls of believers, a goal achieved by beguiling the authorities and attacking all opponents. Perl lends his book a ‘Hasidic’ feel both in its physical design and in its language, presenting a Maskilic version of In Praise of the Ba’al Shem Tov that lays Hasidism bare so that no reader will ever be able to look at that, or any other Hasidic book, in the same way again. In addition to the book’s satiric sting, which would have been enough to bring its readers a dual pleasure, Perl’s hints at contemporary people and places, hidden within anagrams and numerological tricks. With the unraveling of these clues, which also include the use of actual Hasidic sources, the book is a valuable, contemporary view of historical reality. A meticulous reading of the book may therefore open a window on the hidden worlds of Hasidism and the Haskalah at the start of the nineteenth century.

The first volume (Imagined Hasidism) serves as an introduction to the complex satirical writings of Josef Perl of Tarnopol (1773-1839). At the center of the book stands an analysis of the satires, Megaleh Temirin (1819) and Bochen Tzadik (1838), including a systematic treatment of the ‘characters’ in the central works and a discussion of the dozens of manuscripts to be found in the Perl Archive in Jerusalem. Perl’s writings are analyzed here in the fuller context of Hebrew and Yiddish literature in general and Maskilic and Hasidic literature in particular, as well as other polemical writings and governmental records critical of Hasidism. The study thus presents a complex and nuanced picture of the relationship between literature and history, between the anti-Hasidic reports and the more complicated historical reality, and lays the groundwork for further research into the genre of nineteenth-century Maskilic satire.

The second and third volumes (Megaleh Temirin) present for the first time an annotated edition of Megaleh Temirin. It is based on the first edition and the scattered manuscripts and it includes a comparison to its Yiddish translation. The book is accompanied by appendices on its origins and contents, including fundamental treatments of several passages: an explication of the encoded names, the Hasidic sources used by the author, and the variants found in the manuscripts and in the only edition of the book in Yiddish.

The editor of the book, Professor Jonatan Meir, teaches in the Goldstein-Goren Department of Jewish Thought at Ben-Gurion University. He has published several articles on the Haskalah of Eastern Europe, Hasidism, and a number of varied topics in twentieth-century Kabbalah.



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Contents


Introduction                                                                                     
Scholarship on the anti-Hasidic writings of Josef Perl • Hasidic hagiography and the emergence of satire • Two-fold reading of Perl’s writings and the gematriyot • Satire, literature, and history • ‘Holy Books’ and subversive books

Chapter 1: Josef Perl, Rabbi Nathan of Nemirov, and the ‘Holy Books’
Prayer of the fall of Hasidism and the expungement of their books • Sefer Shivhe ha-Besht and the critique of hagiography • Sefer Sipurey Ma‘asiyot and the parodic response to it • Rabbi Nathan of Nemirov, ‘heretical books’ and the ‘Holy Books’ • In praise of the true Tsaddikim • ‘Laughter of the heretics’: testimonies about the polemics against Sefer Shivhe ha-Besht • ‘Holy Books’, ‘sacredness of hagiography’, and parodies of hagiography • Appendix: Parodic manuscript about an opponent of the ‘Holy Books’ who was reborn as a horse

Chapter 2: Speaking Names in Sefer Megale Temirin                             
Time of the composition of Megale Temirin, censorship, and a note on the Buch • Hasidic books and the emergence of parody • Structure of Sefer Megale Temirin • The Introduction to Sefer Megale Temirin • Main Hasidic courts • The court in Żołyń (Łożne) and the peregrinations of the Buch • The court of Dishpal (Międzyboż), moneyboxes of the Besht, the holy relics • The court in Aklo (Olika) and the ritualized reading of Sefer Shivhe ha-Besht • Function of the footnotes and the parodic hagiography • History of the rabbis – clandestine opponents of Hasidism • The Besht in Tarnopol • Rabbi Meir Jacob of Zasław and the letters from Galicja  • Zaddikim in Galicja • Ciphered stories • ‘Holy Places’: reincarnations of a praise from Sefer Shivhe ha-Besht • The revelation of the Buch and the death of the secretary • ‘Gang of criminals’: another death and an escape to the Land of Israel • The End: Ovadia Ben Petahia and the rabbi of Opatów

Chapter 3: Joseph Perl, Hirsh of Zydaczów, and the Polemics of Gematriyot
Reb Zevi Hirsh of Zydaczów and Hasidism in Galicja • Maskilic opposition to the Zydaczówer • Letters concealed in Sefer Megale Temirin • A manuscript about the misdeeds of the Hasidim • Books, education, and a note on Reb Nathan of Nemirov • Zydaczówer’s ban on the Maskilim and the first Gematria • Parodic letter of Perl and the second Gematria • About the parodic letter and the jumble of gematriyot • Denunciation and expulsions of R Zevi Hirsh • ‘Father of impurity’: Joseph Perl and the writings of the rabbi of Komarno • Final note • Appendix: Parodic letter against the Zydaczówer

Chapter 4: Speaking Names in the Book of Sefer Bohen Zaddik               
The manuscript of Sefer Bohen Zaddik and the difficulties with its publication • Structure of the book • In search for the true Zaddik and the rabbi of Opatów • Travels of Ovadia Ben Petahia between the towns of Galicja • Kromcza Ruska (Zaleszczyki) or the entrance to Galicja • ‘Briks’ (Tarnopol): Rabbi Jehoshua Heschel Babad and the school • ‘Bicik’ (Lemberg) Rabbi Jacob Orenstein and a ban on the Maskilim • ‘Abdera’ (Brody) Rabbi Ephraim Zalman Margaliot and Sefer ha-Zoref • The explanation of the names of the rabbis • Utopia and dystopia • The hidden butcher and his kabbalistic writings • The discovery of the colonies • The image of the disciples of the Gaon and the ‘true Hasid’ • ‘The solution for the East’ or heterotopia •  The will to flee and the emissary

Chapter 5: The Imaginary Influence of Sefer Megale Temirin                     
The myth about the success of the book • Pamphlet Megale Sod • The manuscript about the misdeeds of the Hasidim • Dialogues about Sefer Megale Temirin • For whom Sefer Megale Temirin was intended and who read it • Note concerning Sefer Megale Temirin in Yiddish • Influence real and imagined • Was Sefer Shivhe ha-Besht written by a parodist? • Temerl Bergson and Sefer Megale Temirin • Writ of defense of Hasidism • Sefer Megale Temirin and the Hebrew literature • Appendix: writ of defense of Joseph Judah Lob Sossnitz

Afterword: Note on the Anti-Hasidic Outlook                                       

Bibliographic Abbreviations   

Reviews:
(1) Dan Meron, 2013, ‘Megaleh Temirin’, Kivunim Hadashim 29, 55 pages (Hebrew)
(2) David Assaf, 2014, ‘Hasidim will not Read it but Tear it’, Haaretz, Tarbut ve-Sifrut, p .6 (Hebrew) http://onegshabbat.blogspot.co.il/2014/04/blog-post_18.html
(3) Eliezer Brodt, 2014, 'New book Announcement- Megale Temirin', The Seforim Blog http://seforim.blogspot.co.il/2014/01/new-book-announcement-megale-temirin.html
(4) Matan Hermoni, 2014,  הסבתא המופקרת של הספרות העבריתHaaretz, Sfarim (Hebrew) http://www.haaretz.co.il/.premium-1.2382365
(5) Shinichi Yamamoto, 2015, 山本　伸一, "ヨナタン・メイール編著『想像のハシディズム』", ユダヤ・イスラエル研究　第28号  http://www.waseda.jp/assoc-jsjs/jistudies.html
(6) David Biale and David Assaf,, 2015, 'Revealer Revealed', Jewish Review of Books, pp. 17-21  http://jewishreviewofbooks.com/articles/1454/revealer-revealed/
(7) Hillel Halkin, 2015, "Sex, Magic, Bigotry, Corruption- and the First Hebrew Novel', Mosaic Magazine,  http://mosaicmagazine.com/observation/2015/05/sex-magic-bigotry-corruption-and-the-first-hebrew-novel/
(8) Tomer Persico, 2015, "Interview", Lula'at haEl http://tomerpersico.com/2015/08/10/meir_perl/
(9) Ariel Evan Mayse, 'Review', Jewish History (2015)ת  http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10835-015-9245-2
(10) Review - Gal-Ed