LAWS FOR BUSINESS

In order to start a housing society acquisition of land is a first step and the Land Acquisition Act 1894 also encourages the housing companies as it is reflected from the preamble of this Act. This enactment is the most important law relating to housing industry of Pakistan. When this enactment was promulgated its preamble was designed in such a way that private sector along with Government is encouraged to acquire land for public purposes. This enactment is a double-edged instrument. For Pakistan this enactment in its present shape is not proving to promote housing industry rather a major reason for undermining investment in the housing industry of Pakistan. Most of the housing societies in Pakistan do not acquire land for the housing societies under Land Acquisition Act 1894, so, there is a gap between theory and practice. The actual practice is that housing developers purchased lands from their own resources at high prices and then sell it on very high prices resultantly providing housing units to only rich people. In its present shape there is a very cumbersome process to acquire land under Land Acquisition Act 1894 and the Act hinders the speedy acquisition of land for housing industry. Land Acquisition Act 1894 provides for payment of compensation of land acquired on the basis of market value but in practice the price of the lands acquired under this Act are paid on the basis of registration documents which are undervalued. There is massive litigation on the point of determination of market value additionally, approves the position to get land apparently for a 'public reason', inside the importance of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The article aims to explore and analyze the relevant law with respect to acquisition of land for housing societies as well as to find out obstacles faced by housing societies in acquiring the land. The discussion would also be helpful to check the efficacy of present law of land acquisition in achieving goal of housing for all. For that critical analysis of the relevant laws is done by using qualitative sort of research.

VJK NAIR, 2019

PREFACE What, Labor Laws `OUGHT TO BE’, being the topic, necessitate, examining current conditions of labor. Examining economy in general, Industry in particular are also necessary. The Indian Labor Market Report 2008, brought out by Tata Institute of Social Sciences depicts the relevant facts and analyses them. The NCCEUS Report, by Dr. Arjun Das Gupta, appointed by Govt. of India made similar analysis on the conditions of Unorganised Sector and made their recommendations. We also take note of a series of Papers brought out together under the title URBAN POVERTY REPORT. We found all these three reports corroborate and prove the facts and analysis, as if they were produced by the same person/team. These three reports depicts starkly the miserable state of service, working, living and social conditions. They provide valid materials for all students of society, and enable help us who are committed unify our Nation and take it to progress. Each one of these reports poses the danger of neglecting these vital factors. The analysis made therein along with practical working knowledge of the field, will reveal the OUGHT TO BE

The Environmental issues are the major Problem which can be seen globally and it is of the major concerns. The problem of Environment is multiplying rapidly in recent years. The increasing Human population is one of the reasons for the global environmental problems. For sustainable development it is important to preserve the environment at the best level possible. The changing lifestyle and the emphasis on modernisation is adding problems to the existing crisis. Protecting environment is the primary concern and duty of the State and to certain extent Government is putting efforts towards fulfilling the concern. Many Laws and acts are enacted by the Government for protection of Environment but the implementation of the same is also depends on the awareness and acceptance of the general public of the nation. The Success and effectiveness of the laws can only be achieved through mutual cooperation of government and public. This study is concern with the awareness level of the Students of Higher Secondary (XI& XII) and undergraduate's students of Mumbra Region about Laws and rules related to protection of environment. As youngsters are the future of the nation and their knowledge about the environmental problems and laws related to it is the basic essence for effective implementation of laws and also for sustainable development. It is important to know the level of knowledge of population and to adopt the measures for improvement, if required.

The pandemic has interrupted our personal, financial and commercial transactions, by preventing the execution of normal activities even have the consequence on performance of contracts. Various terms and conditions were breached and terminated owing to the lockdown with strict rules and regulations all over India. It also led to frustration among the people who are held up with their cases in courts. Several studies and observations have been made to deal with the subject matter of the sale agreement cases. This is a nondoctrinal research which mainly focuses on pending case of District court of Kanchipuram and the judgement given by the judiciary in relevant cases which includes the equitable remedies namely specific performance, injunction that are available for the aggrieved party.

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The Pakistani higher education institutes comprise of a mushroom growth of business schools which inter-compete to deliver a quality research experience and outcomes, in order to participate in the competitive ranking. This study explored the same concept by evaluating the research experience of academic researchers; however the investigation was limited to the public and private business schools of Punjab, Pakistan only. This study utilized mix methodologies i.e. qualitative and quantitative both. In order to explore supervision and infrastructure as the factors shaping the research experience and impacting the research outcomes; the questionnaire survey as the quantitative technique was adopted. Also the moderating and mediating role of research culture was explored. The responses obtained were analyzed through SPSS version 20 by correlation and regression, moderation and mediation through regression and sobel test for mediation. Also, the semi-structured interviews as the qualitative technique were conducted to explore the issues that a Pakistani researcher faces regarding research supervision, infrastructural facilities and research culture. The responses of the interviews were analyzed through content analysis. The analysis of questionnaire results validated the implementation of PGSQUAL and SREQ for the first time in Pakistan by approving the hypotheses regarding the impact of research supervision and infrastructure over the quality of research service experience conducive to research outcomes. However, the sobel test revealed only the mediating role of research culture in the execution of supervision and infrastructural services; and the regression results did not prove the moderating impact of research culture. Research culture as the mediator was also supported by the findings of interviews. The interpretation of the interviews revealed that infrastructural and supervision issues are the common complaints of academic researchers at Pakistan. These constraints are further compounded by the wrecked research culture. Therefore, the findings of this research is a wakeup call to the rising number of business schools in Pakistan to focus on need oriented research services regarding strengthening the research culture, infrastructural facilities and supervision practices. Also it signifies to resolve the issues of academic researchers so as to deliver a competitive, skilled and satisfied yield which uplifts their university brands in the national and international university rankings. Keywords: Supervision, Infrastructure, Research Culture, Research Experience, Research outcomes.

At first we the students of group 'H' give cordial thanks to our course Instructor Dr. Naznin Islam for providing proper guidelines in conducting our research. As this is our first research work in university all our group members were very intrigued about our research. So we try our best to consummate our research accurately by following the research format provided by our course instructor.

South Asian Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 2022

in fact, the whole world. This is a rich source which modern environmental law has left largely untapped. [For instance], the ancient irrigation-based civilization of Sri Lanka is a system which, while recognizing the need for development and vigorously implementing schemes to this end, at the same time specifically articulated the need for environmental protection and ensured that the technology it employed paid due regard to environmental considerations. This concern for the environment was reflected not only in its literature and its technology, but also in its legal system. The concept of reconciling the needs of development with the protection of the environment is thus not new. Millennia ago, these concerns were noted, and their twin demands well reconciled in a manner so meaningful as to carry a message to our age…Sustainable development is not merely a principle of modern international law. It is one of the most ancient of ideas in the human heritage. Fortified by the rich insights that can be gained from millennia of human experience, it has an important part to play in the service of international law."