Recherche

effects of alien species and climate change in the assessment framework, and by the nonlinear doseresponse relationships dominating in biological systems. Attempts to diminish uncertainties in quality assessment have become a new labour-intensive field for researchers.

A collection of international contributions from renowned academics and practitioners from the UK, USA and China, the second edition of Fashion Marketing has been revised and expanded to incorporate the major changes in the fashion industry since 2001. This ...

Auteurs and Authorship: A Film Reader offers students an introductory and comprehensive view of perhaps the most central concept in film studies. This unique anthology addresses the aesthetic and historical debates surrounding auteurship while providing author criticism and analysis in practice.

Reviewed by Robert Stokes Clearly, the events of 9/11 left an indelible mark on the psyche of the United S tates and the world. The fact that security and emer gency response failures contributed to the calamity has been noted in innumerable outlets. The unfortunate events of that fateful day have also led to a new paradigm in security management. This paradigm has arguably elevated the status (if not pay) of security professionals; created a greater market cry for security services and products; and in some cases, expanded levels of cooperation and information exchange between public and private purveyors of security services. Moreover , the catastrophic events of 9/1 1 have reawakened the security community to the threats of terrorism.

This volume focuses on the impact of digital media use for political engagement across varied geographic and political contexts. It identifies context-dependent and transcendent political consequences of digital media use. As the first decade of theorizing in this field has been based on studies from the United States and the United Kingdom, this volume places those results into comparative relief with other regions of the world. The book moves debates in this field of study forward by identifying system-level attributes that shape digital political engagement across a wide variety of contexts. The volume brings together research and scholars from North America, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and Asia. The evidence analyzed across the cases considered in the book suggests that engagement with digital environments influences users' political orientations and that contextual features play a significant role in shaping digital politics.

Recent critiques of neo-evolutionary formulations that focus primarily on the development of powerful hierarchies have called for a broadening of the empirical base for complex society studies. Redressing the neglect of sub-Saharan examples in comparative discussions on complex society, this book considers how case material from the subcontinent can enhance our understanding of the nature, origins, and development of complexity. The archaeological, historical, and anthropological case materials are relevant to a number of recent concerns, revealing how complexity has emerged and developed in a variety of ways. Contributors engage important theoretical issues, including the continuing influence of deeply embedded evolutionary notions in archaeological concepts of complexity, the importance of alternative modes of complex organization-such as flexible hierarchies, multiple overlapping hierarchies, and horizontal differentiation-and the significance of different forms of power. The distinguished list of contributors includes historians, archaeologists, and anthropologists. susan keech mcintosh is Professor of Anthropology at Rice University, USA. She has conducted archaeological research in Mali, Senegal, and Ghana, and is coauthor of two monographs on Jenné-jeno, Mali, widely recognized as the earliest urban site documented in sub-Saharan Africa.

L'éthique des mégadonnées implique l'adhésion aux concepts de bons et mauvais comportements concernant les données, en particulier les données personnelles. L'éthique des mégadonnées se concentre sur les collecteurs et diffuseurs des données structurés ou non structurés. L'éthique des mégadonnées est soutenue, au niveau de l'UE, par une documentation complète, qui cherche à trouver des solutions concrètes pour maximiser la valeur des mégadonnées sans sacrifier les droits humains fondamentaux. Le Contrôleur européen de la protection des données (CEPD) soutient le droit à la vie privée et le droit à la protection des données personnelles dans le respect de la dignité humaine.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25877.96480

Résumé Depuis une vingtaine d'années, la télédétection spatiale a été appliquée à l'étude des écosystèmes africains dans divers domaines: suivi de la végétation, détection des feux, mesure de la dégradation forestière (Achard et al., 2002). Le Centre Commun de Recherche (CCR) collecte ces informations dans une perspective régionale en appui aux politiques de développement de la Commission Européenne; la tendance actuelle est de croiser les observations satellitales avec des informations locales collectées sur le terrain dans le ...

Acknowledgements Foreword Achim Steiner Part I. Zoos Entering the Twenty-First Century: 1. Introduction: is there a conservation role for zoos in a natural world under fire? Chris D. West and Lesley A. Dickie 2. Entering the 21st century William Conway 3. How do national and international regulations and policies influence the role of zoos and aquaria in conservation? Bengt Holst and Lesley A. Dickie Part II. The Challenge of Changing Behaviour: 4. Conservation education in zoos: an emphasis on behavioral change Eleanor Sterling, Jimin Lee and Tom Wood 5. Inspiration for conservation: moving audiences to care John A. Gwynne 6. Attitudes and attitude change among zoo visitors Richard P. Reading and Brian J. Miller 7. The animal rights-conservation debate: can zoos and aquariums play a role? Michael Hutchins 8. Creating a culture of conservation: a case study of a backyard approach Beth Stevens, Jackie Ogden and Kim R. Sams 9. Message received? Quantifying the impact of informal conse...

as machines for speeding, 31, 99, 213, 214, 241, 247, 260, 304n196 as necessities, 220, 232, 265n24, 363n71 as obstructions to streetcars, 158 physical power of, over pedestrians, 4, 72, 78, 79, 222-224, 224, 259 as "pleasure cars," 12, 30, 220, 232, 265n24, 363n69 sales of. See Saturation as spatially ineffi cient, 11, 16, 48, 124, 139, 156, 162, 167, 174, 196, 204, 214, 324n62 as tyrants, 66, 68, 72 used, 89, 153, 156 as usurpers of pedestrians' rights to the street, 66-72, 85, 223, 259 Automotive city,

In this article we provide an introduction to data structures and algorithms. We consider some basic data structures and deal with implementations of a dictionary and a priority queue. Algorithms for such basic problems as matrix multiplication, binary search, sorting, and selection are given. The concepts of randomized computing and parallel computing are also visited.

Biological cells are considered as the building units of life. It was Robert Hooke who coined the word cell in histological description of cork and other specimens using coarse optical lenses, as published in his Micrographia in 1665 [10]. A few years later, Anthonie van Leeuwenhoek used a self-built microscope to observe living microorganisms which he called animalcules ('little animals') which are known today as protozoa, bacteria, and other forms of life [6]. Since these early years of observation, researchers have come a long way to decipher many features of life, ranging from the structural and functional organization of single-and multi-cell organisms to entire populations, communities, and ecosystems. Researchers recognized that the mathematical language is also a powerful tool for explaining biological phenomena. More specifically, the dynamics of biological systems can be described, simulated, and often predicted in the form of mathematical formulas, algorithms, and computer models. In recent years, computational biology (which includes a quantitative data analysis approach, theoretical methods, mathematical modelling, and computational simulation techniques) has become essential in biological research. This is because modern experimental methods (e.g. advanced imaging techniques, biochemical, genetic, immunological, and molecular analyses) are generating massive data sets at an unprecedented rate, detail, and complexity. The book by Chauvière, Preziosi, and Verdier focuses on an area of research known as cell mechanics. Here, investigators attempt to illuminate how cells sense and identify, interact with each other, and respond to the physical properties of the environment in which they live. Cell mechanics, which draws investigators from various disciplines such as biology, physics, mathematics, computer science, and engineering, has proven to be indispensable for elucidating mechanisms involved in many aspects of cell dynamics, including cell structure, movement, and adhesion [2-4] embryogenesis and embryonics [7], wound healing and tissue engineering [1,11], viable cell growth arrest and apoptosis [5,8], as well as the development of diseases such as asthma, glaucoma, and cancer [9]. The editors point out in the preface that the book is the result of many years of collaboration among researchers of the European Research and Training Network on a topic entitled 'Modeling, Mathematical Methods and Computer Simulation of Tumour Growth and Therapy'. The book contains reviews that describe experimental and applied mathematical approaches to illuminate how cells behave at various scales. The editors emphasize that it became clear while researching these biological phenomena from different points of view that 'multiscale problems are ubiquitous and fundamental in cell mechanics'.

The bestselling classic that redefined our view od the relationship between beauty and female identity. In today's world, women have more power, legal recognition, and professional success than ever before. Alongside the evident progress of the women's movement, however, writer and journalist Naomi Wolf is troubled by a different kind of social control, which, she argues, may prove just as restrictive as the traditional image of homemaker and wife. It's the beauty myth, an obsession with physical perfection that traps the modern woman in an endless spiral of hope, self-consciousness, and self-hatred as she tries to fulfill society's impossible definition of "the flawless beauty." Annotation In this controversial national bestseller, feminist scholar Naomi Wolf argues that there is one hurdle in the struggle for equality that women have yet to clear-the myth of female beauty. She exposes today's unrealistic standards of female beauty as a destructive form of social control and a reaction against women's increasing status in business and politics. Publishers Weekly This valuable study, full of infuriating statistics and examples, documents societal pressure on women to conform to a standard form of beauty. Freelance journalist Wolf cites predominant images that negatively influence women-the wrinkle-free, unnaturally skinny fashion model in advertisements and the curvaceous female in pornography-and questions why women risk their health and endure pain through extreme dieting or plastic surgery to mirror these ideals. She points out that the quest for beauty is not unlike religious or cult behavior: every nuance in appearance is scrutinized by the godlike, watchful eyes of peers, temptation takes the form of food and salvation can be found in diet and beauty aids. Women are ``trained to see themselves as cheap imitations of fashion photographs'' and must learn to recognize and combat these internalized images. Wolf's thoroughly researched and convincing theories encourage rejection of unrealistic goals in favor of a positive self-image. (May)

Soudabilité des aciers THLE. Collection soudage (Performances, 9Q150) Les aciéristes proposent des nuances d'aciers de construction à caractéristiques de plus en plus élevées, ce qui suscite des interrogations quant à leur soudabilité. Des travaux expérimentaux ont évalué les ...

Ο Κων/νος Οικονόμος (1780-1857) αναφέρει τα εξής για τον Ιγνάτιο Σκαλιώρα: «Εν Τεργέστη διδάσκων και ο πρώην των Σερρών διδάσκαλος Ιγνάτιος ο Σκαλιώρας, ήλθεν εις Σύρον τω 1842, ένθα και τον βίον τελευτά» (σελ. 73) [Τα σωζόμενα εκκλησιαστικά συγγράμματα Κωνσταντίνου Πρεσβυτέρου και Οικονόμου του εξ Οικονόμων, εκδιδόντος Σοφοκλέους Κ. του εξ Οικονόμων. Τόμος Β΄. Αθήνησι, 1864.]
Ο Τρύφων Ευαγγελίδης (1863-1941) στο έργο που εξέδωσε το 1936 [Η Παιδεία επί Τουρκοκρατίας, τ. Α΄] χρησιμοποιεί ως πηγή το έργο του Κων/νου Οικονόμου και προσθέτει επιπλέον μία ιστορική πληροφορία για τον Ιγνάτιο Σκαλιώρα: «Τω 1853 ευρίσκετο εν Αθήναις και ωμίλησεν εν τη Πνυκί» (σελ. 140). Φυσικά ο ίδιος ήταν αγέννητος το 1853. Ως πηγή της συγκεκριμένης πληροφορίας χρησιμοποιεί ένα άρθρο του Δ. Καμπούρογλου που δημοσιεύτηκε στο πρωτοσέλιδο της ΕΣΤΙΑΣ στις 14.5.1931.
Ο Δημήτριος Καμπούρογλου (1852-1942), πράγματι έγραψε ένα χρονογράφημα στο φύλλο της ΕΣΤΙΑΣ της Πέμπτης 14 Μαΐου 1931 με τίτλο «Η χρησιμοποίησις της Πνυκός» και υπογραφή ΑΝΑΔΡΟΜΑΡΗΣ. Ο Τρ. Ευαγγελίδης είναι σίγουρο πως δεν διάβασε το συγκεκριμένο κείμενο του Καμπούρογλου. Αν το είχε διαβάσει, θα διαπίστωνε πως δεν υπήρχε πουθενά το όνομα Ιγνάτιος Σκαλιώρας.
Το 1853, ο Δ. Καμπούρογλου, μωρό στην κούνια, ήταν αδύνατον να υπήρξε αυτόπτης μάρτυρας της ομιλίας εν Πνυκί. Ο ΑΝΑΔΡΟΜΑΡΗΣ, παθιασμένος με την ανάγνωση παλαιών εφημερίδων, απλώς χρησιμοποίησε αποσπάσματα από ένα δημοσίευμα της εφημερίδας ΑΙΩΝ του 1853 για να διανθίσει το δικό του χρονογράφημα. Τον Δεκέμβρη του 1853, στην Πνύκα ηγόρευσε ο Μηνάς Μινωΐδης και όχι ο διδάσκαλος και αντικοραϊστής Ιγνάτιος Σκαλιώρας.
Άλλωστε ο Ιγνάτιος Σκαλιώρας έβλεπε τα ραδίκια ανάποδα ήδη από το 1835, όπως αποδεικνύεται από το δημοσίευμα της ΕΦΗΜΕΡΙΔΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΑΓΓΕΛΙΩΝ της 5ης Ιουνίου 1835. 
Οι νεότεροι ερευνητές-μελετητές που ασχολήθηκαν με την προσωπικότητα του Ιγνάτιου Σκαλιώρα επαναλαμβάνουν στα συγγράμματά τους τα λάθη των προγενεστέρων ιστορικών (Κων/νου Οικονὀμου, Τρ. Ευαγγελίδη), τα έργα των οποίων χρησιμοποίησαν ως βιβλιογραφικές πηγές.

Les principaux problèmes rencontrés par les scientifiques qui travaillent avec des ensembles de données massives (mégadonnées, Big Data), en soulignant les principaux problèmes éthiques, tout en tenant compte de la législation de l'Union européenne. Après une brève Introduction au Big Data, la section Technologie présente les applications spécifiques de la recherche. Il suit une approche des principales questions philosophiques spécifiques dans Aspects philosophiques, et Aspects juridiques en soulignant les problèmes éthiques spécifiques du règlement de l'UE sur la protection des données 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation, « GDPR »). La section Problèmes éthiques détaille les problèmes spécifiques générés par le big data. Après une brève section de Recherche de big data, sont présentées les Conclusions sur l’éthique de la recherche dans l’utilisation du big data.

SOMMAIRE:

Abstract
1. Introduction
- 1.1 Définitions
- 1.2 Les dimensions du big data
2. La technologie
- 2.1 Applications
- - 2.1.1 En recherche
3. Aspects philosophiques
4 Aspects juridiques
- 4.1 RGPD (GDPR)
- - Étapes du traitement des données personnelles
- - Principes du traitement des données
- - Politique de confidentialité et transparence
- - Finalités du traitement des données
- - Confidentialité par conception et confidentialité implicite
- - Le paradoxe (juridique) des mégadonnées
5. Problèmes éthiques
- L'éthique dans la recherche
- Prise de conscience
- Consentement
- Contrôle
- Transparence
- Confiance
- Propriété
- Surveillance et sécurité
- Identité numérique
- Réalité ajustée
- De-anonymisation
- Inégalité numérique
- Confidentialité
6. Recherche des mégadonnées
Conclusions
Bibliographie

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.10128.56328

"Conçu comme un manuel d’initiation au travail intellectuel, ce guide d’ordre essentiellement pratique s’adresse aux étudiants des collèges et des universités. Le coffre à outils du chercheur débutant comporte deux grandes parties. Dans la première, intitulée « Les savoir-faire pratiques », l’étudiant apprendra à : rédiger un compte rendu de lecture ; analyser un document écrit ; analyser un document iconographique ; faire une recherche en bibliothèque, sur Internet ; enquêter auprès d’informateurs.

Dans la seconde partie, qui expose en détail les différentes étapes de réalisation d’un travail de recherche, l’étudiant apprendra comment : circonscrire un sujet de recherche ; rédiger un plan de travail ; communiquer sa pensée par écrit ; présenter les références bibliographiques.

Recourant largement à l’exemple, ce guide constitue un instrument d’apprentissage indispensable pour tout étudiant, que ce soit en sciences sociales, en lettres, en sciences de l’administration ou en sciences naturelles."

Dans la formation en gestion, dans la communication et à l'empathie, dans la résolution des conflits et dans la gestion du stress, et dans la formation et l'autogestion, le programme de formation traditionnel échoue, car il ignore les complexités individuelles, se concentrant exclusivement sur l'apprentissage cognitif. L'apprentissage cognitif implique de placer de nouvelles informations dans les cadres et modes de compréhension existants, étant inefficace dans l'enseignement des compétences en intelligence émotionnelle. Ainsi, des techniques moins traditionnelles d'apprentissage émotionnel sont recommandées. Goleman a établi un processus optimal pour développer l'intelligence émotionnelle dans les organisations, en quatre phases : préparation au changement, formation, transfert et maintien des compétences, et évaluation.
10.13140/RG.2.2.23094.63045

Claude LISHOU est Professeur Titulaire des Universités de classe exceptionnelle, à l’Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (Sénégal). Il  est Responsable de l’Axe 3 du Plan Stratégique de Développement du CAMES « SILHOUETTE DU CAMES » ou « Doublure virtuelle du CAMES ».
Prof. LISHOU nous explique le fonctionnement du  programme dont il a la charge et tout particulièrement, la mise en place de la plateforme d’inscription aux Comités Consultatifs Interafricains et aux Concours d’agrégation du CAMES.

The demand for high-capacity wireless services is bringing increasing challenges, especially for delivery of the 'last mile'. Terrestrially, the need for line-of-sight propagation paths represents a constraint unless very large numbers of base-station masts are deployed, while satellite systems have capacity limitations. An emerging solution is offered by high-altitude platforms (HAPs) operating in the stratosphere at altitudes of up to 22 km to provide communication facilities that can exploit the best features of both terrestrial and satellite schemes. This paper outlines the application and features of HAPs, and some specific development programmes. Particular consideration is given to the use of HAPs for delivery of future broadband wireless communications. and dynamic channel assignment/multiple access schemes for multimedia communications. He is now project manager for The University of York's contribution to the EU Framework V HeliNet project, namely the broadband communications programme. David is also a Director of