ADHESIVES

INTRODUCTION
An adhesive or glue is a material, usually in a
liquid or semi-liquid state, that adheres or bonds
items together.
Adhesives come from natural or synthetic
sources.

Adhesives cure (harden) by either evaporating a

solvent or by chemical reactions that occur
between two or more constituents.
 PROPERTIES
 It Should have :-
High tensile strength, strong cohesive strength,
Adherence, fluidity, wettability
In addition, bonded front and back windscreens increase
the rigidity of the bodies and result in weight reduction.
Bonding know-how plays a unique role for light weight
constructions with integrated functions.
For example, correctly designed bonded joints between
two metals, panes of glass or wooden slats can act as a
hinge.
In the area of electronics, the classic joining technique of
soldering is being increasingly replaced by bonding.
For example to connect highly integrated components
with each other in a hassle-free way and without the need
to use excessive heat.
 ADVANTAGES
adequate strength is produced
it is possible to have a wide variety of combinations
in joining.
a massive effect is created.
corrosion may be prevented between different
metals joined by adhesive.
The surface of plastics, wood metals are joined by
adhesive.
application process is economical, easy and speedy.

DISADVANTAGES
adhesives joints , impermeable for water and gas
can be made.
Unsuitable at high temperatures.
An adhesive requires sometime to attain the
desired strength.
Specific adhesive is required to be used for
specific substance
roved Product Durability and Dependabil

Eliminates decay associated with metal fasteners

and different metals.
Spreads and absorbs pressure to provide increased
fatigue resistance versus mechanical fasteners.

Provides continuous bond line, offering stiffening with

no added weight/material.
Compensates for differential thermal growth or
contraction caused by exposing different materials to
temperature alteration.

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 ADHESIVE

NATURAL SYNTHETIC

animal thermosetting

casein thermoplastic

bituminous
 NATURAL ADHESIVES

Natural glues are prepared from inert mineral sources, or

organic sources such as vegetable substance, starch, natural
resins or from animals e.g. casein or animal glue.

They are often referred to as bio-adhesives.

One example is a simple paste made by cooking flour in water.

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 Natural adhesives have many of the same properties that
chemical and synthetic adhesives have. Some natural
adhesives are quite strong, whilst others are incredibly
flexible.

Some are waterproof, whilst others are soluble in water.

Natural glues are often slightly more expensive than the

synthetic glues and are not as easy to use – most need to be
kept at a high temperature.

Natural glues in the construction of weaponry, as seen in the

early building techniques of bow and arrows.

They are used in furniture construction, in the creation of

decorative objects, and even to waterproof watercraft (such
as canoes) and water containers.
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 ANIMAL GLUES

Fish Sea shell

glue glue
Animal hoof

Animal glues are obtained from the skin and internal parts of
animals and such glues are used in a large quantity.
Animal glues are conventionally used in bookbinding, wood
joining, and many other areas but now are largely replaced by
synthetic glues.
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For furnishing repairer hide-glue is ideal for tinkering and
experimenting.

Rabbit-skin glue, another form of hide-glue, was used to coat

canvasses to protect the decay of the canvas fabric from the
active components of linseed oil. Nowadays it is used instead in
the production of some musical instruments.
Animal hoof glue, which is one of the oldest forms of glue still
in use, can be used for carpentry and delicate furniture
decoration processes. Previously it was used for stiffening
fabrics and for giving added strength to items such as bow
strings.
Animal hoof glue is derived from hoofed animals (such as
horses), and is made by crushing the hooves into small
pieces, boiling them until liquid, and then adding
10 an acid to
10
create the chemical reaction which leads to the glue
formation.
 CASEIN
 Manufactured from soured, skimmed milk curbs, which are
dried and crushed into a powder form.
 Casein-based glues were popular for woodworking,
including for aircraft.
 Casein glue is also used n transformer manufacturing
(specifically transformer board) due to its oil permeability.
 While largely replaced by synthetic resins, casein-based
glues still have a use in certain niche applications, such as
laminating fireproof doors and the labeling of bottles.
 To use the powder it is mixed with cold water into a smooth
creamy paste.

BITUMINOUS
 Bitumen may be defined as a non
crystalline, solid or viscous material
derived from petroleum.
 It is asphalt in solid state and mineral tar Bitumen jointed
in semi fluid state. setts
 SYNTHETIC ADHESIVES
• Synthetic adhesives are
based on elastomers,
thermoplastics, emulsions,
and thermosets.
• The first commercially
produced synthetic
adhesive was KARLSONS
KISTER in the 1920s.
• It is of two types –
 Thermoplastic adhesives
Thermosetting adhesives
 THERMOPLASTIC
ADHESIVES
•Thermoplastic adhesives are fusible, soluble and
poor heat and creep resistant.  

•Thermoplastic adhesives have low/medium shear

strength and suffer from creep at high loading.   

•They have good resistance to oils but poor

resistance to water.  

•Thermoplastic adhesives include polyvinyl acetate

(PVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylates,
polyester acrylics, acrylic solvent cement,
cyanoacrylates (superglue), silicone resins,
polyamides and acrylic acid diesters.
 POLYVINYL ACETATE
•Supplied as an emulsion in water, for porous
materials, especially wood.
•Shear strength is good. Resistant to oil .
Poor resistance to water.
•Low heat tolerance. ( White glue).
•Materials Bonded ...:Wood, Metal, glass,
ceramics.
USES:-
•As wood glue PVAc is known as "white glue" and the yellow “carpenter’s glue" or
PVA glue.
•As paper adhesive during paper packaging converting in bookbinding and book
arts, due to its flexible strong bond and non-acidic nature (unlike many other
polymers).
•For handcrafted works.
•As envelope adhesives,
•As wallpaper adhesive.
THERMOSETTING ADHESIVES
• These are transformed into tough, heat-
resistant solids by the addition of a catalyst or
the application of heat.
• Used in such structural functions as bonding
metallic parts of aircraft and space vehicles.
Eg.- urea formaldehyde, FOR TIMBER
CONSTRUCTION
phenol formaldehyde,
melamine formaldehyde,
resorcinol resins,
epoxide resins
 UREA FORMALDEHYDE
• More familiar to the cabinet
and woodworker under the
trade name 'Extramite'.
• Used when a high quality but
stable fix is required.
• Sets at normal room
temperatures and is
relatively cheap and
available.
• Suitable for laminating,
fabricating and veneering
when large presses or good Adhesive being
cramping facilities are applied on veneers
available
 PHENOL
• FORMALDEHYDE
Used where great strength is (PH)
required, durable and water
resistant.
• An 'engineering adhesive' used for
heavy structural work and quality

MELAMINE
FORMALDEHYDE
•A more expensive adhesive usually (MF)
used as an additive.
• Used in the production of hard
decorative plastic laminates,
furniture assembly, shop fitting,
professional wood working.
 RESORCINOL RESINS
• Glues of these resins are
dark viscous liquids.
• They become hard in
short time at low
temperatures.
• They are resistant to
heat, moisture, fungi &
bacteria.
• Water resistance is very
good
• They are used to make
exterior plywood
• Materials bonded are
Wood &porous materials.
 EPOXIDE RESINS
• Epoxy is a thermosetting
polymer formed from
reaction of an epoxide
resin with polyamine
hardener.  
• Epoxy resins are tough,
chemically resistant,
rigid materials that cure
at room temperature.
• Used for bonding
broken concrete, setting
metal post in concrete
as in staircases
• It is used for rubber,
plastic, glass, metal.
 RUBBER ADHESIVE
• Made by dissolving rubber in benzene.
• Have excellent property of forming rigid bonds.
• This enable the adhesive to flex and stretch under
stress and recover to its original position as soon as
the load is removed.
• Have high bond strength and durability.
• Reclaimed natural rubber adhesive has the
advantage flow cost as automobile tyres form the
largest source of reclaimed rubber of making of
adhesives
 TYPES OF RUBBER ADHESIVES
• Araldite (hardner + • Heatx heatproof
resin) adhesive
• Silicon sealant • Fevicol marine
• Synthetic rubber waterproof adhesive
adhesives (SR – 505) • Crack bond
• Synthetic rubber • Solvo bond
adhesive ( SR – 998)
• M – seal
• Foam fix
• DDL
• Fevicol SH – synthetic
resin adhesive
• Spray adhesive
ARALDITE (HARDNER+RESIN)
• It is suitable for bonding a variety
of materials including metal,
ceramic, and wood
• ADVANTAGES – Long open time
High shear and peel strength
Easy to apply
Electrically insulating
• COLOR APPEARANCE –
RESIN – Creamy, viscous
liquid
HARDNER – Amber liquid
 SILICON SEALANT
• It is easy to apply and offers
excellent adhesion to a variety of
non porous substrates such as
glass, glazed ceramic tiles and
aluminum
• These are primarily designed for
conventional glazing
• It is ideally suited for sealing glass
windows , shop fronts , aluminum
joints , showcases , shower screens
, bathtubs and wash basins ,
aquarium , bus body building and
automobiles
 SYNTHETIC RUBBER ADHESIVE
(SR-505)
• It is specially for PVC
flooring
• It is good resistance to
water and aging
• Mild smell
• It is used for bonding wood,
plywood, laminates, veeners,
blockboard, hardboard and
MDF to eachother
• Multi purpose adhesive
• Excellent bonding strength
 SYNTHETIC RUBBER ADHESIVE
(SR-998)
• It is a synthetic solvent borne rubber
based adhesive which is resistant to
water, oil, alkali, petrol, etc
• Fast setting and high stability
• It is used in furniture manufacturing
for bonding laminate to wood
• It is also used for bonding –
foam, rubber , rexine , & metal to
eachother
• It is also used for flooring
 FOAM FIX
• It is a synthetic rubber
based solvent used
specially for making quality
sofa, chair, mattresses, etc
• Soft on foam, keeps foam
shape intact
• Excellent spread ability,
faster bonding
• Mild smell
• It is used to bond
foam/rubber foam to foam,
plywood to foam
FEVICOL SH – SYNTHETIC RESIN
ADHESIVE
• It is a synthetic resin adhesive
intended for wood working and
various materials where one of
the surfaces to be bonded is
porous.
• Resistant to water and heat.
• It appears as a white viscous
paste
• It is used for bonding paper ,
cardboard , thermocol , fabrics ,
wood and plywood
• It achieves handling strength in
8 to 10 hours
HEATX HEAT PROOF ADHESIVE
 Suitable for vertical
applications
 It is used in furniture
industry for bonding
laminate to wood , PVC
laminate to laminate
 Faster setting
 Heatproof at high
temperatures
 MARINE WATER PROOF
ADHESIVES
• For bonding wood ,
plywood, laminates,
veneers, particle board,
hard board/ block board,
MDF to each other
• 48hr continuous water
resistance
• 1hr boiling water
resistance
• Superior bonding in
marine plywood
 CRACK BOND
• High penetrative
• Micro crack treatment
• It is used for crack filling
• Pigmentation can be done
by adding dry cement as
per color of marble
• Applied material will cure
in 24hrs, after that
polishing of marble can be
done
 SOLVO BOND
• PVC solvent cement for
repairing and bonding of
PVC pipes
• Because of its higher
viscosity it makes joints
leak proof and gives
more coverage
• Joint made with solvo
bond can withstand
temperatures from -35 to
90 degree celsius
 M – SEAL
• M – seal is perfect for
sealing , joining , fixing or
repairing
• Sets in 30 minutes (27C)
• Can be moulded into
different shapes
• Cures to hard mass
• Provides rock hard sealing
• Can be shaped, drilled,
filed, sanded, painted upon
FEVICOL DDL – SYNTHETIC AHESIVE
BINDER
• Synthetic adhesive binder for
lime and distemper
• It is for a superior wall finish
• Prevents peeling of the lime
• Prevents cracks
• Easy to use, no heating required
• It is use for white wash of
bungalows, flats, housing
societies, schools, colleges,
hospitals, hotels, offices ,
theaters, industrial houses etc
 SPRAY ADHESIVE
• It is a multipurpose
adhesive
• It can adhere most
products such as
paper, fabric, films,
plastics, wood, foam
and sunmica
• Spray adhesive works
very similarly to spray
paint
uilding and Construction Usag

 One of the biggest market areas for glues and sealants is in Building
Construction.
There are a number of applications where these products are being
used, including:
 Carpet Layment.
Ceramic Tile
Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning
Concrete
Roofing
Wall Covering
Manufactured Housing
TH ANK YO U