Adhesives and Sealants

ADHESIVES
AND
SEALANTS
Polymers, adhesives, sealants and their types
Building components
DEFINITION
ADHESIVES
➔ A material used for holding two

surfaces together. It must wet the
surfaces, adhere to the surfaces,
develop strength after it has been
applied, and remain stable.
➔ It is made from inorganic mineral
sources, or biological sources
➔ Adhesive bonding provides flexibility
in design and in the use of different
materials
➔ A mixture in a liquid or semi-liquid
state that bonds items together.
TYPES OF
ADHESIVES
ANIMAL GLUES are made from the protein
extracted from the bones, hide, hoofs, and horns of
animals by boiling. The extract is cooked to form a
gelatin material. The gelatin can the be re-liquified with
heat, which gives it quick setting properties. Its major
use has been in the wood and furniture industry.
TYPES OF
ADHESIVES Solvent based adhesives are a mixture of
ingredients (typically polymers) dissolved in a
ON BASIS OF CURING METHOD: Solutions. Solutions are acrylic polymers in
1) Non reactive adhesives petroleum based solvents. Solvent Based
adhesives are divided into: Wet Bonding
1. Drying adhesives
adhesives are those where substrates are
2. Hot Melt Adhesives joined while adhesive is still wet and then
3. Pressure sensitive adhesives allowed to evaporate.
Contact Adhesives in which both substrates
2) Reactive adhesives are coated with adhesive which is allowed to
1. UV light curing adhesives evaporate before the bond is made and the
2. Heat curing adhesives bond is formed by bringing the two coated
3. Moisture curing adhesives substrates together.
Water based
adhesives
These are adhesives that use water as a
carrier or diluting medium, and set by allowing
the water to evaporate or be absorbed by the
substrate.
One of the major advantages of water based

(or waterborne) adhesives is the absence of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Water
Based adhesives are divided into wet bonding
adhesives and contact adhesives same as
defined in solvent based adhesives.
Hot Melt Adhesives.
also known as hot glue is commonly
supplied in solid cylindrical sticks of
various diameters, designed to be
melted in an electric hot glue gun.
Pressure Sensitive
Adhesive (PSA)
adhesives that form a bond with the
substrate on application of light
pressure. PSA can be of water based,
solvent based and hot melt.
CELLULOSE ADHESIVE is made from a
FISH GLUE a similar protein-based glue made
natural polymer found in trees and from the skins and bones of fish. An
woody plants. It is the adhesive used on exceptionally clear adhesive can be
the cellophane wrapper on cigarette
packs; it is the adhesive on decals we
put on windows; and, interestingly CASEIN GLUE made from a protein isolated
from milk. The extraction process creates an
enough, the adhesive used on the
adhesive that is waterproof. Its first use was in
strippable wallpaper we have in our bonding the seam of cigarette paper.
homes that allows us to remove the
paper easily. ultraviolet curing adhesives
solidify or harden when it exposed to
one source of ultraviolet radiation with
an predefined intensity and wavelength.
This process of curing requires less time
as compared to heat cured adhesives
SEALANTS.
Definition
A sealant is a viscous material

that changes state to become
solid, once applied, and is used to
prevent the penetration of air,
gas, noise, dust, fire, smoke, or
liquid from one location through
a barrier into another.
USES
Sealants are used to close small openings that are difficult to
shut with other materials, such as concrete, and drywall
A material that has the necessary adhesive and cohesive

properties to form a seal.
Sealants, despite not having great strength, convey a number

of properties. They seal top structures to the substrate, and
are particularly effective in waterproofing processes by
keeping moisture out (or in) the components in which they are
used.
They can provide thermal and acoustical insulation, and may

serve as fire barriers.
TYPES OF
SEALANTS
● Silicone Sealants
● Bituminous Sealants
● Epoxy
● Synthetic Rubber Sealants
● Hybrid Polyurethanes
● Thermoplastics Sealants
Sealants
● Butyl Sealants
● Polyurethanes Sealants
● Hot Wax
● Elastic Sealants
● Proof Sealants
● Varnish
● Polysulfide Sealants
● Acrylic Latex Sealants
Silicone Sealants
A flexible and waterproof substance

normally used as a sealant for sealing
joins around baths, sinks or other
plumbing fixtures. It can withstand very
high temperatures, making it ideal for
applications that suffer high heat
exposure
Epoxy Elastic Sealant
contains an artificial substance A sealant made of a flexible material in

which sets hard when it is a plastic state during forming or
heated or when pressure is application. A common elastomeric
applied to it. sealant, polysulfide, is a high-
performance type, made of either
polysulfide polymer or rubber.
USES OF SEALANTS
● Horizontal and vertical metal-to-metal and masonry-to- masonry

expansion and control joints
● Dissimilar material joints, such as metal-to-masonry or concrete-to-wood
● Joints between precast concrete facade panels
● Spandrel glass - An architectural material used to cover construction
materials, disguise things like arches and columns, and present a finished,
seamless, and sleek exterior to buildings.
● Perimeter of doors and fixed window frames
● Fixing larger cracks
USES OF SEALANTS
● Waterproofing Expansion joints in Building Facades Lap Joints –
Flashing/Coping Door/Window/Curtain wall perimeters Traffic
Joints – Vehicular/Pedestrian Glazing – Structural/Backbedding
● Acoustical Interior wall joints Base and top plate Thresholds
Exterior wall joints and window perimeters
● Firestopping Wall to Wall Joints Floor to Floor Joints Floor to Wall
Joints Head of Wall Joints Wall Penetrations
● Structural Glazing Back Bedding Adhesive Wet Glazing exterior
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SEALANTS AND ADHESIVES
● The main difference between adhesives and sealants is that
sealants typically have lower strength and higher elongation than
adhesives do. Sealants generally contain inert filler material and
are usually formulated with an elastomer to give the required
flexibility and elongation.
● They usually have a paste consistency to allow filling of gaps
between substrates. Low shrinkage after application is often
required.
● Many adhesive technologies can be formulated intn cealants
THANK YOU☺️

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ADHESIVES

➔ A material used for holding two

One of the major advantages of water based

A sealant is a viscous material

A material that has the necessary adhesive and cohesive

Sealants, despite not having great strength, convey a number

They can provide thermal and acoustical insulation, and may

A flexible and waterproof substance

contains an artificial substance A sealant made of a flexible material in

● Horizontal and vertical metal-to-metal and masonry-to- masonry

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