Adhesives 1
Adhesives 1
Adhesives 1
INTRODUCTION
The earliest known use of adhesives was discovered in central Italy when two
stone flakes partially covered with birch-bark tar and a third uncovered stone
from the Middle Pleistocene era (circa 200,000 years ago) were found.
The first references to adhesives in literature appeared in approximately 2000
BC. Artifacts from this period include paintings depicting wood gluing
operations and a casket made of wood and glue in King Tutankhamun's tomb.
Other ancient Egyptian artifacts employ animal glue for bonding or lamination using casein (milk
protein)-based glues. The ancient Egyptians also developed starch-based pastes for the bonding
of papyrus to clothing and a plaster of Paris-like material made of calcined gypsum
ADVANTAGES
ANIMAL PROTEIN GLUES : These glues are obtained by boiling the waste
pieces of skins, bones, trimmings etc, of animals with hot water. animal
glues develop strong and tough joints and are easily applied, but they are
affected by damp and moist conditions. animal glues are available in the form
of flakes, pearls, cakes, cubes, granules and in the form of jelly. this is used
in the manufacture of plywood, laminated timbers etc
BLOOD ALBUMIN GLUES : This type of glue is made by drying raw blood. This
glue is of better quality and is affected little by damp and moist conditions.
This type is used for making furniture.
ANIMAL GLUES
ANIMAL GLUES are made from the protein extracted from the bones, hide,
hoofs, and horns of animals by boiling. The extract is cooked to form a gelatin
material.
The gelatin can the be re-liquified with heat, which gives it quick setting
properties. Its major use has been in the wood and furniture industry.
WATER BASED ADHESIVES
WATER BASED adhesives These are adhesives that use water as a carrier or
diluting medium, and set by allowing the water to evaporate or be absorbed
by the substrate.
One of the major advantages of water based (or waterborne) adhesives is the
absence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
CELLULOSE ADHESIVE
FISH GLUE a similar protein-based glue made from the skins and bones of fish.
An exceptionally clear adhesive can be CASEIN GLUE made from a protein
isolated from milk. The extraction process creates an adhesive that is
waterproof.
STARCH
Synthetic glues are based on synthetic resins. Broadly speaking, they are of two
types :
THERMO-SETTING GLUES
THERMO-PLASTIC GLUES
These glues have revolutionized the method of gluing for plywood and other
wood works. These glues are applied in the liquid and dry form. Thermo-setting
glues are permanent, once they are set. Where as thermo-plastic glues can be
made plasticagain by reheating. All these glues from synthetic resins are strong,
waterproof and the setting time can be regulated by varying the kind and
amount of the hardener. They areresistant to fungal attack and posses non-
staining qualities.
PHENOLIC RESINS : The glues of these resins are available
In film, powder and liquid forms. They require heat and
pressure to form a permanent strong bond. They are used
In the manufacture of resins bonded plywood.
RESORCINOL RESINS : Glues of these resins are dark
viscous liquids. They become hard in short time at low
Temperatures. They are resistant to heat, moisture, fungi
And bacteria.
EPOXIES:These are the adhesive system made by a complex chemical reaction. Various resins
are made sythetically by reacting two or more chemicals. Epoxy adhesive can bond a variety of
substrates with high strength, they have been used to replace some traditional metalworking
methods of joining like nuts and bolts, rivets, weldings etc.
RUBBER-BASED SOLVENT CEMENTS: These are the adhesives
made by combining one or more rubbers or elastomers
In a solvent, rubber–based adhesives are used in a wide
Variety of applications, such as contact adhesives for
Plastic laminates like counter tops, cabinets, desks, and
tables.
Thermosetting adhesives are essentially infusible ,
Insoluble, and show good creep resistance.
They are used for high load assemblies and severe service conditions such as heat, cold,
radiation, etc.
Thermoset adhesives are generally more expensive to purchase and to use,than the other
They are the adhesives most used for structural,load bearing applications. Some of the
toughened variants provide exceptional properties.Directly comparable with welded and riveted
alternatives.
MARKET SURVEY
FEW OF THE COMMONLY AVAILABLE ADHESIVES IN THE MARKET WITH THEIR
PRICES ARE GIVEN BELOW –
NAME- FEVICOL SR 505
RATES- 260/lt.