hase I roposa|

l lnsecLlcldal properLy of acacla seeds and bark agalnsL LermlLes

II kat|ona|e
cacla ls a Lroplcal Lree LhaL ls why lL ls abundanL here ln Lhe hlllpplnes lL ls a source of wood
LhaL can be used ln maklng shelLer furnlLure and oLher wooden works 1he LermlLes dlgesL food
and Lhelr food are pleces of wood paper and oLher maLerlals conLalnlng cellulose 1hey do
much damage Lunnelllng Lhrough woods 1hey desLroy furnlLure and damage sugarcane WlLh
Lhls sLudy we wanL Lo flnd ouL lf cacla seed ls feaslble as a pesLlclde 1hus helplng us avall and
make Lhls pesLlclde aL home wlLh cheaper money lesser Llme and efforL and an organlc one
We goL Lhe ldea of Lhe sLudy based on some daLa LhaL shows cacla seed conLalns saponlns
Lannlns alkalolds reduclng agenLsglycosldes carbohydraLes whlch have Lhe capaclLy Lo klll
LermlLes lnsecLlcldal roperLy of cacla (Samanea saman) Seeds and 8ark galnsL 1ermlLes
(CopLoLermes vasLaLor) sLudy on Lhe lnsecLlcldal properLy of cacla seeds and bark agalnsL
LermlLes was conducLed Lo flnd ouL lf Lhese could be used agalnsL LermlLes 1he experlmenL was
conducLed aL Lhe laboraLory of Lhe 8ureau of Solls ln Llpa ClLy and ln Lumbang naLlonal Plgh
School from SepLember Lo CcLober 2003 1he efforL was lnlLlaLed Lo enrlch Lhe laboraLory
acLlvlLles ln ChemlsLry and 8lology for hlgh school sLudenLslL especlally aLLempLed Lo answer
Lhe followlng quesLlons
1Pow can lnsecLlcldes be prepared from cacla seeds and bark?
2Pow effecLlve ls Lhe cacla lnsecLlclde ln combaLlng or kllllng
3LermlLes (CopLoLermes vasLaLor)
4re Lhere slgnlflcanL dlfferences ln Lhe effecLlveness of Lhe eLhanollccacla exLracL and
commerclal lnsecLlclde (Sollgnum) ln combaLlng LermlLes?
3WhaL are Lhe lmpllcaLlons of Lhe use of cacla seeds as lnsecLlclde on Lhe envlronmenL and
human healLh?
1he maLerlals used ln Lhls sLudy are very abundanL here ln our counLry and lL can be easlly seen
anywhere 1he maln maLerlal used Lhe cacla seed was bolled (Lhe process ls commonly called
decocLlon) Lo be able Lo geL Lhe chemlcal LhaL can posslbly klll LermlLesln Lhls sLudy Lhe daLa
shows LhaL lL can klll LermlLes buL more LermlLes were kllled ln uslng commerclal ones lndeed
lL can be an alLernaLlve pesLlclde for Lhose who doesnL have enough budgeL lL ls cheaper and
easy Lo make
rob|em Pow effecLlve ls cacla seed decocLlon ln kllllng LermlLes? ls Lhere any
slgnlflcanL dlfference beLween cacla seed decocLlon Lhan Lhe commerclal one? WhaL
are Lhe lmpllcaLlons of Lhe pesLlclde ln Lhe envlronmenL and human?

8 pothes|s
nuLL
1he cacla seed decocLlon ls feaslble as a pesLlclde
LL1L8n1lvL
cacla seeds and bark ls noL effecLlve as an lnsecLlclde agalnsL mosqulLoes
C b[ect|ves of the stud Lo flnd ouL lf Lhe cacla seed decocLlon ls an effecLlve
alLernaLlve Lo Lhe commerclal pesLlclde ln kllllng LermlLes

u |gn|f|cance of stud 1hls sLudy ls a blg help for home owners who wanL Lo have
houses whlch are free from LermlLes We admlL LhaL nowadays very few people are
llvlng ln subdlvlslons where all Lhe houses are noL made of wood and some are llvlng ln
bulldlngs 8uL sLlll Lhere are ones who llve ln wooden houses llke Lhose who seLLled ln
Lhe provlnce

1hls sLudy helps ln maklng a homemade pesLlclde whlch ls less expenslve and easy Lo
make and a pesLlclde LhaL ls envlronmenLal frlendly and no slde effecLs Lo humans lf
Lhls sLudy ls proven Lhls would help Lhose people whose fleld of work ls relaLed wlLh
wood llke wood carvlng and furnlLure maklng 1hls sLudy would Lry Lo make use of
cacla seed LhaL have fallen and walLed Lo be roLLen and found no use here ln Lhe
hlllpplnes 1hus helplng Lhe envlronmenL Lo be clean


lll 8evlew of 8elaLed LlLeraLure
Slnce Lhe very beglnnlng Lhe use of cacla Lree ls noL new Lo us 1he anclenL LgypL used
cacla ln palnLs Many cacla specles have lmporLanL uses ln LradlLlonal medlclnes cacla ls
also used ln symbollsm and rlLuals as a symbol ln freemasonry Lo represenL purlLy endurance
and as a funerary symbollsm slgnlfylng resurrecLlon and lmmorLallLy cacla ls also used by
perfume lndusLry ln maklng perfumes due Lo lLs sLrong fragrance 1he use of cacla as
fragrance daLes back cenLurles cacla speclflcally lLs seeds ls ofLen used for food and a varleLy
of oLher producLs s a maLLer of facL ln 8urma Laos and 1halland cacla seeds are used ln
soups currles omeleLLes and sLlr frles whlle ln oLhers Lhey used lL ln maklng candles and gums
1here are relaLed sLudles Lo Lhe use of cacla Lree and one of Lhese ls herbal SupplemenL from
cacla bark decocLlon" 1he beneflclal uses of Lhe sald sLudy are lL can LreaL dlarrhea dysenLery
and dlgesLlve allmenLs nowadays human belngs make many lnvenLlons for Lhe progress of
human llfe Cne of Lhls ls pesLlclde lL ls used Lo ellmlnaLe some lnsecLs causlng damage
especlally LermlLes 1hls sLudy makes use of cacla seed decocLlon as a pesLlclde cacla
conLalns a number of organlc compound or alkalolds LhaL defend Lhem from pesL and grazlng
anlmals lL also conLalns Lannlns and saponlns LhaL are asLrlngenslc and have a blLLer LasLe
when Lhese are Laken by an anlmal lL would affecL lLs food dlgesLlblllLy and food lnLake 1hese
sald chemlcals have Lhe capaclLy Lo klll LermlLes cacla ls a genus of shrubs and Lrees belonglng
Lo Lhe subfamlly Mlmosoldeae of Lhe famlly labaceae flrsL descrlbed ln frlca by Lhe Swedlsh
boLanlsL Carolus Llnnaeus ln 1773 caclas are also known as Lhorn Lrees or waLLles lncludlng
Lhe yellowfever acacla and umbrella acaclas cacla confusa ls a perennlal Lree naLlve Lo sla
Some common names for lL are cacla eLlL leullle Mlmosa Small hlllpplne cacla lormosa
cacla (1alwan cacla) and lormosan koa lL grows Lo a helghL of 13m 1ermlLes are soclal
lnsecLs LhaL bulld large nesLs ln soll or wood and can occaslonally cause damage Lo wooden
sLrucLures 1hey are someLlmes called whlLe anLs' however Lhey belong Lo a compleLely
dlfferenL lnsecL group (CrderlsopLera) Lo Lrue anLs (Crder PymenopLera) Some lnsecLlcldes
have been banned due Lo Lhe facL LhaL Lhey are perslsLenL Loxlns whlch have adverse effecLs on
anlmals and/or humans Saponlns may serve as anLlfeed anLs and Lo proLecL Lhe planL agalnsL
mlcrobes and funglclLaLlon needed Some planL saponlns (eg from oaL and splnach) may
enhance nuLrlenL absorpLlon and ald ln anlmal dlgesLlon Powever saponlns are ofLen blLLer Lo
LasLe and so can reduce planL palaLablllLy (eg ln llvesLock feeds) or even lmbue Lhem wlLh
llfeLhreaLenlng anlmal LoxlclLy uaLa make clear LhaL some saponlns are Loxlc Lo coldblooded
organlsms and lnsecLs aL parLlcular concenLraLlons 1here ls a need for furLher research Lo
deflne Lhe roles of Lhese naLural producLs ln Lhelr hosL organlsms whlch have been descrlbed
as poorly undersLood Lo daLe 1annlns have been shown Lo preclplLaLe proLelns whlch ln
some rumlnanL anlmals lnhlblLs Lhe absorpLlon of nuLrlenLs from hlghLannln gralns such Many
planLs employ Lannlns Lo deLer anlmals lL has noL been deLermlned wheLher Lannln was
produced for anoLher purpose eg as pesLlclde or wheLher lL evolved speclflcally for Lhe
purpose of lnhlblLlng predaLlon as sorghum 1hey proLecL Lhe planLs from herblvorous anlmals
lnsecLs bacLerla and oLhers especlally durlng growLh llke ln new leaves whlch conLaln hlgh
percenLage of Lannlns lkalolds are Lhe flnal producLs of nlLrogen meLabollsm ln planLs as urea
ln mammals lL was laLer shown LhaL alkalold concenLraLlons vary over Llme and Lhls hypoLhesls
was refuLed MosL of Lhe known funcLlons of alkalolds are relaLed Lo proLecLlon lor example
aporphlne alkalold llrlodenlne produced by Lhe Lullp Lree proLecLs lL from paraslLlc mushrooms
ln addlLlon presence of alkalolds ln Lhe planL prevenLs lnsecLs and chordaLe anlmals from
eaLlng lL Clycoslde ls a molecule ln whlch a sugar ls bound Lo a noncarbohydraLe moleLy
usually a small organlc molecule Clycosldes play numerous lmporLanL roles ln llvlng organlsms
Many planLs sLore chemlcals ln Lhe form of lnacLlve glycosldes 1hese can be acLlvaLed by
enzyme hydrolysls whlch causes Lhe sugar parL Lo be broken off maklng Lhe chemlcal avallable
for use Many such planL glycosldes are used as medlcaLlons ln anlmals and humans polsons
are ofLen bound Lo sugar molecules as parL of Lhelr ellmlnaLlon from Lhe body





lv MaLerlals
cacla seeds (100 grams) and 1 llLre of waLer and lnfesLed plece of wood lor Lhe apparaLus
sprayer keLLle/pan and a gas sLove
v rocedure
reparaLlon llrsL all maLerlals are gaLhered 1hen puL Lhe 100 grams of cacla seed wlLh 1 llLre
of waLer ln Lhe keLLle/pan LeL lL be heaLed unLll lL bolls Leave lL Lo cool for abouL 30 mlnuLes
and puL lL ln Lhe sprayer lncludlng Lhe seeds
ppllcaLlon 1he flnal producL wlll be LesLed on a plece of wood manlfesLed wlLh LermlLes lL wlll
be sprayed 3 Llmes and Lhere wlll be 3 Lrlals WaLer and commerclal pesLlclde wlll also be LesLed
Lo have a baslc or sLandard reference
vl 1lme 1able
november 18 2011 8uylng of maLerlals
november 23 2011 november 28 2011 LxperlmenL roper
ddlLlonal 8esearch
november 29 2011 uecember 3 2011 llnallzaLlon of flnal paper
8ehearsal for defense

vll 8udgeL
1he esLlmaLed amounL Lo be spenL for Lhls pro[ecL ls around 4300 pesos per pack of acacla
seeds
vlll roponenLs
Lumapquld Chanelaye !oy
eplLo 1hea Lryka
7leLy