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    8.1 Notes - Relations & Functions

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    tesfayeteferi
    This document provides notes on relations and functions. It defines key terms like relation, domain, range, and function rule. It also describes two tests for determining if a relation is a function: the vertical line test and mapping test. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to identify domain and range from tables or coordinate pairs, graph relations, and use the vertical line and mapping tests to analyze functions.

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    8.1 Notes - Relations & Functions

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    tesfayeteferi
    74 views2 pages
    This document provides notes on relations and functions. It defines key terms like relation, domain, range, and function rule. It also describes two tests for determining if a relation is a function: the vertical line test and mapping test. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to identify domain and range from tables or coordinate pairs, graph relations, and use the vertical line and mapping tests to analyze functions.

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    This document provides notes on relations and functions. It defines key terms like relation, domain, range, and function rule. It also describes two tests for determining if a relation is a function: the vertical line test and mapping test. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to identify domain and range from tables or coordinate pairs, graph relations, and use the vertical line and mapping tests to analyze functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    74 views2 pages

    8.1 Notes - Relations & Functions

    Uploaded by

    tesfayeteferi
    This document provides notes on relations and functions. It defines key terms like relation, domain, range, and function rule. It also describes two tests for determining if a relation is a function: the vertical line test and mapping test. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to identify domain and range from tables or coordinate pairs, graph relations, and use the vertical line and mapping tests to analyze functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    PA – 8.

    1 Notes ~ Relations & Functions


    Pre-Algebra Dr. Lange
    Objective: To be able to use graphs to represent relations and functions.
    Relation ......................... A pairing of numbers in a set, (an “x” & “y” coordinate pair is one example).

    Domain .......................... Also called the input; is a number in a relation this gets inserted into an equation, resulting in
    an output value. (In the coordinate system, the domain is the “x” value).

    Range............................ Also called the output; is the resulting solution in a relation that is obtained after an input value
    gets inserted into an equation. (In the coordinate system, the range is the “y” value).

    Function Rule ................ A relation is a function if - for every value of “x”, there is only one value for “y”.

    Vertical Line Test .......... A test used to determine if a graphed relation is a function.
    Note: For a graphed relation in a coordinate system, the relation is a function if a vertical
    line moving across the graph from left to right touches only a single point on the graphed line at
    any given time. *If the vertical line touches two or more places on the graphed line at
    the same time, then the relation is NOT a function.

    Making an Input-Output Table


    Example: 1
    1 - Rewrite the equation in function form (y = mx + b).
    Graph the function: 2x  y   3

    2 - Choose various “x” values; plug them into the Step - 1 2x  y   3
    equation and solve to find their paired “y” values.
    Note: When solving each equation, make sure to write 2x   2x
    the chosen “x” value and it’s resulting “y” value into y  2x  3
    the table.
    Note: A general guideline when making an input-output
    table is to write the “x” values in numerical order.
    Step - 2 x -2 -1 0 1 2
    y -7 -5 -3 -1 1
    Note: In step-2 of this example, to save space
    work solving each equation was not shown.

    Identifying the Domain and Range


    Example: 2a
    Note: The domains (which are also called inputs), are the “x”
    values from either the Input-Output table, or from a set of Identify the Domain and Range from an
    coordinate pairs (x, y). Input-Output table.
    The ranges (which are also called outputs), are the “y”
    values from either the Input-Output table, or from a set of x -2 -1 0 1 2
    coordinate pairs (x, y). y -7 -5 -3 -1 1

    1 - Using either an Input-Output table, or a set of Final solution:


    coordinate pairs, list the domains in numerical order. Domain: -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
    Range: -7, -5, -3, -1, 1

    2 - Using either an Input-Output table, or a set of


    coordinate pairs, list the ranges in numerical order. Example: 2b
    Note: When listing the set of ranges, at this point, they are
    not paired to the domains and must be listed in their Identify the Domain and Range from a
    own numerical order. given set of coordinate pairs.
    (-1, 2), (-3, -1), (3, 0), (-1, 4), (4, 7)
    Note: When making a list of the domains or ranges, values are
    listed one time only, even if they appear more than once in
    Final solution:
    a given set of domains, or a given set of ranges.
    Domain: -3, -1, 3, 4
    (*See example 2b)
    Range: -1, 0, 2, 4, 7

    Revised: 1/13/2018 3:45 PM


    Graphing a Relation
    Example: 3
    1 - Rewrite the equation in function form (y = mx + b).
    Graph the relation: 2x  y   5

    2 - Make an Input-Output table. Step - 1 2x  y   5


    Note: See “Making an Input-Output Table” above.
    2x   2x
    y  2x  5
    3 - Using the paired “x” and “y” values, plot and draw
    the points on the graph.
    Step - 2 x 0 1 2 3 4
    y -5 -3 -1 1 3
    4 - Draw a line connecting the graphed points. Note: In step-2 of this example, to save space
    work solving each equation was not shown.

    Testing a Relation Step - 3 Plot & draw the points


    (see graph below)
    Rule: A relation is a function if for every “x” there is only one “y”.

    Note: There are two types of tests to tell if a relation is a function, Step - 4
    the vertical line test, and the mapping test. Final solution: Draw a line connecting
    the graphed points
    (see graph below)
    y
    Vertical Line Test (*See vertical line test on example 3)
    1 - Graphed the relation; then on the graph, holding
    a straight edge (ruler) vertically, slide the straight
    edge across the graph.

    2 - Test: If the vertical line (ruler) touches the


    graphed line in two or more places at any given
    time, then the relation is NOT a function. x

    Mapping a Relation (*See example 4)


    1 - List the domains (x) and ranges (y) in two vertical
    columns, in numerical order.
    Note: When making a mapping diagram, values are
    listed one time only, even if they appear more
    than once in a given set of domains, or a given
    set of ranges.
    Vertical Line Test - Slide a straight edge vertically
    across the graphed. If it touches the graphed line in two
    2 - Draw an arrow from each input to each of it’s or more places at any given time, then the relation is
    NOT a function.
    matching output/outputs.
    Note: There may be more than one arrow coming
    from a single input to multiple outputs. Example: 4
    Use mapping to test the coordinate pairs:
    3 - Test: If at any time, an arrow goes from a single (-1, 1), (2, 0), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 5)
    input to multiple outputs, then the relation is NOT
    Input Output
    a function. Note:
    Note: While for every “x”, there can be only one “y”, it -1 0 In this example, while the
    is possible to have more than one “x” matched inputs -1 and 3 both have
    an output of 1, this is OK.
    2 1
    with a single “y”. However because the input 3
    3 2 has a couple of different
    outputs, 1 and 2; this causes
    4 5 the relation to fail the function
    test and is NOT a function.

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