Subject:

GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Topics: RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

QUARTER 2
Modules 8 and 9 - Domain and Range .
Topic: PARABOLA - Intercepts .
- Zeroes .
- Asymptotes .
 DOMAIN of Rational Function:

The domain of a
function is the set of all
values that the variable
x can take.
Different Forms/Ways:
1. By Roster
-this method enumerates the lists of
all values in the set.
Example:
a. domain = { 1,2,3,4, … }
b. dom: {…, -4, -3, -2, -1}
c. D: { 3,6,9,…,30}
Different Forms/Ways:
2. By Set-Builder
Form: {x|x___}
read as “the set of all x such that x is ___”
Example:
a. domain = { x|x∈ Ζ } +

b. dom: {x|x∈ ℝ, 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 ℤ}

c. D: {x|x 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 10 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3}
Different Forms/Ways:
3. By Interval Notation
Forms:(_,_) open interval from _ to _
[_,_] closed interval from _ to _
(_,_] half open or [_,_) half closed from _ to _
Example:
a. domain = [1,), all positive integers
b. dom:( − , −1], 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 ℤ}
c. D: [3,30] or (2,31), 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 10 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3}
 RANGE of Rational Function:

The range of a function

is the set of all values
that the variable y or f(x)
can take.
Different Forms/Ways:
1. By Roster
-this method enumerates the lists of
all values in the set.
Example:
a. range = { 1,2,3,4, … }
b. range: {…, -4, -3, -2, -1}
c. R: { 3,6,9,…,10}
Different Forms/Ways:
2. By Set-Builder
Form: {y|y___}
read as “the set of all y such that y is ___”
Example:
a. range = { y|y∈ Ζ } +

b. range: {y|y∈ ℝ, 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 ℤ}

c. R: {y|y 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 10 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3}
Different Forms/Ways:
3. By Interval Notation
Forms:(_,_) open interval from _ to _
[_,_] closed interval from _ to _
(_,_] half open or [_,_) half closed from _ to _
Example:
a. range = [1,), all positive integers
b. range:(, −1], 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 ℤ}
c. R: [3,30] or (2,31), 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 10 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3}
Example 1:
Find the domain and range
of the rational function
1
f x = .
𝑥+2
 1
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥+2
*For the domain:
1. If there’s no variable x in the
denominator, the domain is the
set of real numbers
orD:{ x|x∈ ℝ} by set builder notation
or D: (−, ) by interval notation
 1
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥+2
*For the domain:
1. If there is a variable x, just solve for the
restricted value of the domain.
Step 1: Equate the
2.
denominator to zero x+2 = 0 or x+2≠ 0

3.
Step 2: Solve for x x = -2 or x ≠ -2
 1
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥+2
*For the domain:
Step 3: Write or indicate the domain of the
function
D:{x|x≠-2} by set builder
or
D:{x|x𝜖ℝ,x≠-2} by set builder
or
D:(-,-2)U(-2,) by interval notation
 1 1
Solution: Given: f x = or 𝑦=
𝑥+2 𝑥+2
*For the range:
Step1: Solve for x with respect to y.
1
𝑦= 𝑦(𝑥 + 2) = 1 𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 1
𝑥+2
𝑥𝑦 = 1 − 2y
1 − 2𝑦
𝑥=
𝑦
Solution: 1 − 2𝑦
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝑥 =
𝑦
Step2: If there’s no variable y in
the denominator, the range is the
set of real numbers
orR:{ y|y∈ ℝ} by set builder notation
or R:(−, ) by interval notation
Solution: 1 − 2𝑦
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝑥 =
𝑦
Step3: If there is a variable y, just solve for
the restricted value of the range.
S1: Equate the
1.
denominator to zero y = 0 or y ≠ 0

2.
S2: Solve for y y = 0 or y ≠ 0
Solution: 1 − 2𝑦
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝑥 =
*For the range: 𝑦

S3: Write or indicate the range of the

function
R:{y|y≠0} by set builder
or
R:{y|y𝜖ℝ,y≠0} by set builder
or
R:(-,0)U(0,) by interval notation
Example 2:
Find the domain and range
of the rational function
𝑥
f x = .
𝑥−3
 𝑥
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥−3
*For the domain:
1. Since there’s a variable x in the
denominator, just solve for the
restricted value of the domain.
Step 1: Equate the
2. or
denominator to zero x-3 = 0 x-3≠ 0
3. x = 3 or x ≠ 3
Step 2: Solve for x
 𝑥
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥−3
*For the domain:
Step 3: Write or indicate the domain of the
function
D:{x|x≠3} by set builder
or
D:{x|x𝜖ℝ,x≠3} by set builder
or
D:(-,3)U(3,) by interval notation
 𝑥 𝑥
Solution: Given: f x = or𝑦=
𝑥−3 𝑥−3
*For the range:
Step1: Solve for x with respect to y.
𝑥
𝑦= 𝑦(𝑥 − 3) = 𝑥 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑥−3
𝑥𝑦 − x = 3y 𝑥(𝑦 − 1) = 3y
3𝑦
𝑥=
𝑦−1
Solution: 3𝑦
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝑥 =
𝑦−1
Step2: Since there’s a variable y in the
denominator, just solve for the restricted
value of the range.
1.
S1: Equate the y-1 = 0 or y-1≠ 0
denominator to zero
2. y=1 or y ≠ 1
S2: Solve for y
Solution: 3𝑦
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝑥 =
*For the range: 𝑦 − 1
S3: Write or indicate the range of the
function
R:{y|y≠1} by set builder
or
R:{y|y𝜖ℝ,y≠1} by set builder
or
R:(-,1)U(1,) by interval notation
Example 3:
Find the domain and range
of the rational function
2
𝑥 −3𝑥−4
f x =
𝑥+1
 2
𝑥 −3𝑥−4
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥+1
*For the domain:
1. Since there’s a variable x in the
denominator, just solve for the
restricted value of the domain.
Step
2. 1: Equate the x+1 = 0 or x+1≠ 0
denominator to zero
3. x = -1 or x ≠ -1
Step 2: Solve for x
 2
𝑥 −3𝑥−4
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥+1
*For the domain:
Step 3: Write or indicate the domain of the
function

D:{x|x≠-1} by set builder

or
D:{x|x𝜖ℝ,x≠-1} by set builder
or
D:(-,-1)U(-1,) by interval notation
Solution: 𝑥 2 −3𝑥−4
Given: 𝑦 = 𝑥+1
*For the range:
Step1: If factorable, factor the numerator.
2
𝑥 −3𝑥−4 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 4)
𝑦= 𝑦=
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
𝑦 =𝑥−4 Note: Since there’s no variable y in
the denominator, the range is the set of real numbers
except the y-value in the point of discontinuity. How
to get the point of discontinuity?
Solution: (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 4)
from Step1: 𝑦 =
𝑥+1
Step2: The point of discontinuity is a
hollow point on the graph. The x-value is
taken from the common factor of the
Numerator and Denominator.
1.
• Get the common x+1
factor of N & D:
• Equate to zero
2. x+1 = 0
Solution: (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 4)
from Step1: 𝑦 =
𝑥+1
• Solve for x: x=-1
the x-value of the point of
discontinuity
Step3: To get the y-value of the point of
discontinuity, substitute the x-value to the
remaining equation.
𝑦 = x − 4 y = (−1) − 4 y = −5
Therefore, Point of Discontinuity: (-1,-5)
Solution: (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 4)
from Step1: 𝑦 =
𝑥+1
Step4: Since the point of discontinuity is
(-1,-5), the range is the set of real no.
except -5. 𝑜𝑟
R: {y|y≠-5} by set builder
𝑜𝑟
R: {y|y∈ ℝ, 𝑦≠-5} by set builder
𝑜𝑟
R:(-,-5)U(-5,) by interval notation
INTERCEPTS of Rational Function:
The intercepts of the graph
of a rational function are
the points of intersection
of its graph and an axis.
INTERCEPTS of Rational Function:
1. The y-intercept of the graph
of a rational function is a
point on the y-axis. To find y-
intercept simply evaluate the
function at x = 0.
INTERCEPTS of Rational Function:
2. The x-intercept of the graph of a
rational function occurs at the
zeros of the numerator that are
not zeros of the denominators (a
point on the x-axis). To find x–
intercept equate the function to 0.
ZEROES of Rational Function:
The zeroes of a function are
the values of x which make the
function zero. The numbered
zeroes are also x-intercepts of
the graph of the function.
INTERCEPTS &
ZEROES
of
Rational
Functions
Example 1:
Find the x-and y-intercepts
and zeroes of the rational
function
1
f x = .
𝑥+2
Solution:
1
For x-intercept: f x = .
𝑥+2
S1: Equate the
1
function to 0. =0
𝑥+2
Note: The x-intercept 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
is the value of 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
x in Numerator but 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒,
not in Denominator. 𝑛𝑜 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡
Solution:
1
For y-intercept: f x = .
𝑥+2
S1: Solve the 1
𝑦=
function when x=0. (0)+2
1
𝑦=
2
1
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑖𝑠
1
or (0, )
2 2
Solution:
1
For zero of the function: f x = .
𝑥+2
S1: Equate the
1
function to 0. =0
𝑥+2
Note:
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑥
The zero is also the
𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
x-intercept of the 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒,
rational function. 𝑛𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Example 2:
Find the x-and y-intercepts
and zeroes of the rational
function
𝑥
f x = .
𝑥−3
Solution:
𝑥
For x-intercept: f x = .
𝑥−3
S1: Equate the
𝑥
function to 0. =0
𝑥−3
Note: The x-intercept 𝑥 =0
is the value of 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒,
x in Numerator but 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑖𝑠 0
not in Denominator. 𝑜𝑟 (0,0)
Solution:
𝑥
For y-intercept: f x = .
𝑥−3
S1: Solve the 0
function when x=0. 𝑦=
0 −3
𝑦 =0
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑖𝑠 0 or (0, 0)
Solution:
𝑥
For zero of the function: f x = .
𝑥−3
S1: Equate the
𝑥
function to 0. =0
𝑥−3
Note: 𝑥 =0
The zero is also the 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒,
x-intercept of the 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒
rational function. 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 0
𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0
Example 3:
Find the x-and y-intercepts
and zeroes of the rational
function
2
𝑥 −3𝑥−4
f x = .
𝑥+1
Solution:
𝑥 2 −3𝑥−4
For x-intercept: f x = .
𝑥+1
S1: Equate the
𝑥 2 −3𝑥−4
=0 2
𝑥 −3𝑥−4
function to 0.
𝑥+1
=0
𝑥+1
(𝑥+1)(𝑥−4)
Note: The x-intercept =0
𝑥+1
is the value of
x in Numerator but 𝑥 − 4=0
not in Denominator. 𝑥=4
Solution:

𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒,
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑖𝑠 4
𝑜𝑟 (4,0)
Solution:
𝑥 2 −3𝑥−4
For zero of the function: f x = .
S1: Equate the 𝑥+1
(𝑥+1)(𝑥−4)
function to 0. =0
𝑥+1
Note: 𝑥 − 4=0 𝑥=4
The zero is also the 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒,
x-intercept of the 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒
rational function. 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 is 4 or x=4
Solution:
𝑥 2 −3𝑥−4
For y-intercept: f x = .
𝑥+1
S1: Solve the 2
0 −3 0 −4
function when x=0. 𝑦=
0 +1
−4
𝑦= 𝑦 =−4
1
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑖𝑠 − 4
or (0,-4)
 Subject:
GENERAL MATHEMATICS

QUARTER 2
Topic: ASYMPTOTES OF RATIONAL
Module 9 FUNCTIONS
February 3, 2021

Topic: PARABOLA - Vertical Asymptote.

- Horizontal Asymptote
- Slant/ Oblique Asymptote
ASYMPTOTES of Rational F:
An asymptote is an imaginary
line to which a graph gets
closer and closer as the x or y
increases or decreases its
value without limit.
KINDS OF ASYMPTOTES

1. Vertical Asymptote
2. Horizontal Asymptote
3. Oblique / Slant Asymptote
VERTICAL ASYMPTOTE
The vertical line 𝑥=𝑎 is a vertical
asymptote of a function f if the
graph increases or decreases
without bound as the x values
approach 𝒂 from the right or left.
VERTICAL ASYMPTOTE

…at the right, the graph

of the function is
approaching at x = - 5
represented by the
dotted line and the
graph is getting closer
and closer to x = - 5 but
it will not pass or
intersect the line. So,
the vertical asymptote
of the graph is at x =- 5
FINDING VERTICAL ASYMPTOTE
To determine the vertical
asymptote of a rational function,
first reduce the given function to
simplest form then find the zeroes
of the denominator that are not
zeros of the numerator.
Example 1:
Find the vertical asymptote
of the rational function
1
f x = .
𝑥+2
 1
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥+2
*For the vertical asymptote:
1. Reduce the given Already in
function to simplest form.
simplest form
2. Find the zeroes of the
denominator that are x+2 = 0
not zeros of the numerator. x = -2
3. Write the vertical asymptote x = -2
Example 2:
Find the vertical asymptote
of the rational function
𝑥
f x = .
𝑥−3
 𝑥
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥−3
*For the vertical asymptote:
1. Reduce the given Already in
function to simplest form.
simplest form
2. Find the zeroes of the
denominator that are x-3 = 0
not zeros of the numerator. x=3
3. Write the vertical asymptote x=3
Example 3:
Find the vertical asymptote
of the rational function
𝑥+1
f x = 2
𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 4
 𝑥+1
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥 2 −3𝑥−4
*For the vertical asymptote: 𝑥+1
1. Reduce the given y=
(𝑥−4)(𝑥+1)
function to simplest form. 1
2. Find the zeroes of the
y=
𝑥−4
denominator that are x-4 = 0
not zeros of the numerator. x=4
3. Write the vertical asymptote x=4
Example 4:
Find the vertical asymptote
of the rational function
2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 4
f x =
𝑥−4
 2
𝑥 −5𝑥+4
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥−4
*For the vertical asymptote: (𝑥−4)(𝑥−1)
1. Reduce the given
y=
𝑥−4
function to simplest form. y=𝑥 − 1
2. Find the zeroes of the 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
denominator that are 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
not zeros of the numerator. 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒,

3. Write the vertical asymptote No vertical

asymptote
Example 5:
Find the vertical asymptote
of the rational function
𝑥−1
f x =
𝑥+5
 𝑥−1
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥+5
*For the vertical asymptote:
1. Reduce the given Already in
function to simplest form.
simplest form
2. Find the zeroes of the
denominator that are x+5 = 0
not zeros of the numerator. x = -5
3. Write the vertical asymptote x = -5
Example 6:
Find the vertical asymptote
of the rational function
𝑥+2
f x = 2
𝑥 +𝑥−6
 𝑥+2
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥 2 +𝑥−6
*For the vertical asymptote: 𝑥+2
1. Reduce the given y=
function to simplest form. (𝑥−2)(𝑥+3)
2. Find the zeroes of the x-2=0 & x+3=0
denominator that are x=2 & x=-3
not zeros of the numerator.
3. Write the vertical asymptote x = 2 & x=-3
Example 7:
Find the vertical asymptote
of the rational function
2
2𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1
f x = 2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 6
 2
2𝑥 −𝑥−1
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6
*For the vertical asymptote: (2𝑥+1)(𝑥−1)
1. Reduce the given y=
(𝑥−2)(𝑥−3)
function to simplest form.
2. Find the zeroes of the x-2=0 & x-3=0
denominator that are x=2 & x=3
not zeros of the numerator.
3. Write the vertical asymptote x = 2 & x=3
HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE

The horizontal line y=b is a

horizontal asymptote of the
function f if f(x) gets closer
to b as x increases or
decreases without bound.
HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE
…at the right, the graph
of the function is
approaching at y = 1
represented by the
dotted line and the
graph is getting closer
and closer to y = 1 but it
will not pass or intersect
the line. So, the
horizontal asymptote
of the graph is at y =1
NOTE for the Horizontal Asymptote
A rational function may or may
not cross its horizontal asymptote.
If the function does not cross the
horizontal asymptote y=b, then b
is not part of the range of the
rational function .
FINDING HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE

To determine the horizontal

asymptote of a rational
function, compare the degree
of the numerator and the
degree of the denominator.
FINDING HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE

CASE 1: The degree of the numerator

n is less than the degree of the
denominator d.
Horizontal asymptote
is always at y=0
Example 1:
Find the horizontal
asymptote of the rational
1
function f x = .
𝑥+2
 1
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥+2
*For the horizontal asymptote:
1. Find the degree of N Degree of N=0
and the degree of D . Degree of D=1
2. Determine the condition
in finding the H.A. CASE 1: n<d
3. Write the horizontal asymptote
y=0
Example 2:
Find the horizontal asymptote
of the rational function
𝑥+1
f x = 2
𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 4
 𝑥+1
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥 2 −3𝑥−4
*For the horizontal asymptote:
1. Find the degree of N Degree of N=1
and the degree of D . Degree of D=2
2. Determine the condition
in finding the H.A. CASE 1: n<d
3. Write the horizontal asymptote
y=0
Example 3:
Find the horizontal asymptote
of the rational function
𝑥+2
f x = 2
𝑥 +𝑥−6
 𝑥+2
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥 2 +𝑥−6
*For the horizontal asymptote:
1. Find the degree of N Degree of N=1
and the degree of D . Degree of D=2
2. Determine the condition
in finding the H.A. CASE 1: n<d
3. Write the horizontal asymptote
y=0
FINDING HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE
CASE 2:The degree of the numerator n is
equal to the degree of the denominator d.
Horizontal asymptote is the
ratio of the leading coefficients
of the numerator a to
𝑎
denominator d as y=
Example 1:
Find the horizontal
asymptote of the rational
𝑥
function f x = .
𝑥−3
 𝑥
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥−3
*For the horizontal asymptote:
1. Find the degree of N Degree of N=1
and the degree of D . Degree of D=1
2. Determine the condition
CASE 2: n=d
in finding the H.A. 1
3. Write the horizontal asymptote 𝑦 = 1
y=1
Example 2:
Find the horizontal
asymptote of the rational
function
3𝑥 − 1
f x =
5 + 2𝑥
 3𝑥−1
Solution: Given: f x =
5+2𝑥
*For the horizontal asymptote:
1. Find the degree of N Degree of N=1
and the degree of D . Degree of D=1
2. Determine the condition CASE 2: n=d
in finding the H.A. 3
3. Write the horizontal asymptote 𝑦 = 2
3
y= or y=1.5
2
Example 3:
Find the horizontal asymptote
of the rational function
2
2𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1
f x = 2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 6
 2
2𝑥 −𝑥−1
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6
*For the horizontal asymptote:
1. Find the degree of N Degree of N=2
and the degree of D . Degree of D=2
2. Determine the condition CASE 2: n=d
in finding the H.A. 2
3. Write the horizontal asymptote 𝑦=
1
y=2
FINDING HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE

CASE 3:The degree of the

numerator n is greater than the
degree of the denominator d.
No Horizontal asymptote
Example 1:
Find the horizontal asymptote
of the rational function
2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 4
f x =
𝑥−4
 2
𝑥 −5𝑥+4
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥−4
*For the horizontal asymptote:
1. Find the degree of N Degree of N=2
and the degree of D . Degree of D=1
2. Determine the condition CASE 3: n>d
in finding the H.A. 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒
3. Write the horizontal asymptote No horizontal
asymptote
Example 2:
Find the horizontal asymptote
of the rational function
2
𝑥 +3
f x =
𝑥−1
 2
𝑥 +3
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥−1
*For the horizontal asymptote:
1. Find the degree of N Degree of N=2
and the degree of D . Degree of D=1
2. Determine the condition CASE 3: n>d
in finding the H.A. 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒
3. Write the horizontal asymptote No horizontal
asymptote
SLANT/OBLIQUE ASYMPTOTE
An oblique asymptote is a line
that is neither vertical nor
horizontal. It occurs when the
numerator of 𝑓(𝑥) has a degree
that is one higher than the degree
of the denominator.
OBLIQUE/SLANT
ASYMPTOTE
The broken line
y=x is the slant or
oblique
asymptote of the
function
Example 1:
Find the oblique or slant
asymptote of the rational function
2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 4
f x =
𝑥−4
 2
𝑥 −5𝑥+4
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥−4
*For the oblique/slant asymptote:
1. Divide the numerator by the x -1
denominator using long division.
2. Get only the whole part of the
quotient -x+4
( do not include the remainder) -x+4

3. Write the equation of the

Oblique or slant asymptote y=x-1
Example 2:
Find the oblique or slant
asymptote of the rational function
2
𝑥 +3
f x =
𝑥−1
 2
𝑥 +3
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥−1
*For the oblique/slant asymptote:
1. Divide the numerator by the
denominator using long division.
2. Get only the whole part of the
quotient
( do not include the remainder)

3. Write the equation of the

Oblique or slant asymptote y=x+1
Example 3:
Find the oblique or slant
asymptote of the rational function
3
𝑥
f x = 2
𝑥 +1
 𝑥 3
Solution: Given: f x =
𝑥 2 +1
*For the oblique/slant asymptote:
1. Divide the numerator by the
denominator using long division.
2. Get only the whole part of the
quotient
( do not include the remainder)

3. Write the equation of the

Oblique or slant asymptote y=x
 Next virtual Topic:
meeting: Solving Problems
February involving rational
Topic: PARABOLA
10,2021
functions