Unesco World Heritage Site

International audienceFrom urban project to open-air museum, the city oscillates between a need for modernization and a desire to preserve its heritage. In Strasbourg, the urban ensemble of Neustadt illustrates these two ways of looking at the city. The very term 'Neustadt', which translates literally as 'new city', resonates in a singular way because it conveys both of these modalities, which can be perceived as antagonistic. On the one hand, it refers to the 'modern' urban extension planned in 1880. On the other hand, it matches the official name used to promote this heritage and contribute to its inclusion in the World Heritage list (July 2017). In this context of heritagisation, the article aims to highlight both the points of convergence and the stumbling blocks of a heritage project concerning a border region. In support of a qualitative and quantitative investigation, sociological and historical data tend to shed light on the reasons for a fast valoriz...

In this article we examine the role of digital and manual data on protected monuments and heritage structures in ways that can adequately account for: the nuance and individuality of embodied knowledge and non-formulaic approaches to protected monument and heritage structure conservation, typically adopted by craftspeople, and other influencing factors on-ground.
Keeping this question in mind our aim is to highlight the central role of skilled craftspeople in heritage conservation-management on-ground and argue for their intangible knowledge to be included in national-level informatics platforms, such as Open Government Data and BHUVAN. Simultaneously we argue for the continued relevance of empirical field-based professional knowledge as it plays an important role; in mediating between technology, building-crafts, and influencing factors.
We build on our project-based experiences to make a case for policy-level applications of our suggestions in the Indian context. Given the shift to integrate heritage data on national-level portals we believe in the not-too-distant future they could host not just tangible heritage data but intangible heritage-conservation management data as well. We argue that one form of data cannot replace the other; all have key roles to play. Hence we suggest a need to not only bring together CARE and FAIR principles but also adapt them as appropriate to our geographical and socio-cultural context. Adopting these principles uncritically would defeat the aims of both data management principles and of heritage conservation-management practice and policy, namely to be contextual, sustainable, inclusive and offer collective benefit.

Cultural heritage in Africa is viewed as a local phenomenon embedded in the rich and diverse Indigenous Knowledge Systems of local communities. It reflects the pioneering spirit and approaches of local communities in defining the localness and character of heritage. However, colonialism almost erased this localness in Africa through advancing the monumentality approach, further reinforced by the World Heritage concept until recent times. To address this issue, the authenticity concept was adopted as a way of restoring the localness and character of cultural heritage. Through this concept, the African cultural heritage provides local perspectives and insights into the discourse on authenticity. Robben Island World Heritage site (South Africa), offers cross-cutting local perspectives and insights on authenticity. This discussion emphasises understanding the dynamics between authenticity and inscription process, obtaining and safeguarding information sources, conservation, sustainable ...

Il contributo si propone di fornire un sintetico aggiornamento sugli studi e le ricerche condotte nell’ultimo quindicennio su Benevento longobarda. Gli studi storici e storico-artistici hanno permesso di mettere in rilievo la dinamicità politica, religiosa e culturale della città e del suo territorio. Il quadro delle conoscenze archeologiche si è inoltre arricchito attraverso le attività di tutela condotte nel centro urbano moderno.
The essay aims to provide a brief update on the studies and research conducted in the last fifteen years on Longobard Benevento. Historical and historical- artistic studies have highlighted the political, religious and cultural dynamism of the city and its territory. The framework of the archaeological knowledge has also been enriched through the protection activities conducted in the modern urban center.

Mount Olympos on the border of Thessaly and Central Macedonia (Greece) is the namesake of many mountains over the Earth and even on Mars. The inspiration of Olympos to humanity dates from the earliest settlements of modern peoples at its base (~ 40,000 years BP) who were witnesses to a period of ongoing active glaciation; these inhabitants would have endured the environmental consequences of proximity to the eruption of Thira (Santorini, 1646 BCE); possibly, they also observed a meteor impact. These geologic events can be interpreted from descriptions of activities attributed to the gods in Hesiod's Theogeny (~ 750 BCE). The incorporation of the mythology of Olympos into the epic tales of Homer and the "Greek Miracle" created a worldview that is significant to the evolution of Western civilization. The geological history of Olympos is perhaps as legendary as its mythology. From a carbonate platform on the Apulian (African) plate with active deposition from the Triassic to Eocene, the rocks of future Olympos were subducted beneath the Pangaean-originated European plate and were then exhumed later in the Cenozoic; the exhumation contact is marked by a ring of blueschist facies rocks and mafic-ultramafic rocks as a remnant of oceanic lithosphere (ophiolitic rocks) at the surface. Cobbles eroded from this exhuming complex found their way to Miocene fluvial depocenters, forming conglomerate formations of Meteora, located ~ 70 km to the SW. Continued uplift of Olympos has created rivers that were considered sacred to the ancient societies, and that contributed to the immense late-Pleistocene cataclysmic release of waters from the inland basin of Thessaly, forming the Vale of Tempe between the mountain of the Olympian gods and Mount Ossa of the Titans. Olympos comprises the oldest National Park of Greece and a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Despite the significance of Olympos as part of the bedrock of western cultural heritage, as well as the physical geomorphology of Greece, it has yet to be recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.

This essay argues that dance festivals are choreographed spaces that shape cultural heritage. The Konark Dance Festival in Odisha, India, is an annual program situated around the Konark Sun Temple, a UNESCO-recognized World Heritage Site. The following explores the interrelationship between the modern space of the temple monument and the modern format of festival dances in Konark. The festival project juxtaposes the monument’s archaeological value with the dances’ cultural value in choreographic neatness, which requires a critical interrogation to determine the negotiations, appropriations, and discomfort these processes otherwise entail. This article also branches out into cultural discourses beyond the stated festival that examine the historical, diplomatic, and touristic networks the dance festival often encompasses. Following the creation of the modern state of Odisha (in 1936) and of the independent nation of India (in 1947), Odisha regional dance forms were remodelled to produce the state dance Odissi, which gained national “classical” recognition in the 1960s and subsequent international repute. Odissi dance has subsequently been formulated and globally circulated as an anthropomorphic symbol of the geopolitical state of Odisha. Through ethnography, visual study, and choreographic analysis, this essay explores the (re)presentational aspects of the region-state in and through dance, which rhetorically inform the staging of the Konark Dance Festival.
Keywords: nation-state; dance; heritage; history; festivals

Located between the continents of Asia and Europe, in South Caucasus, Azerbaijan is a unique place, where East and West meets, historical trade routes intersect, the world`s main religions peacefully coexist, and the values and traditions of different cultures harmoniously complement each other. Azerbaijan is multicultural country, and multiculturalism has been declared as a state policy. Azerbaijan is a multi-ethnic, multi-confessional country, and representatives of all religions and ethnic groups live in Azerbaijan as one family in peace.

We present the first evidence of ingestion of plastic by seabirds from the southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. The occurrence of marine debris ingestion in the wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacifica, on Heron Island was the focus of this preliminary research. Our findings indicate that 21% of surveyed chicks are fed plastic fragments by their parents, having ingested 3.2 fragments on average. The most common colours of ingested plastic fragments were off/white (37.5%) and green (31.3%). Ingested fragments had a mean size of 10.17 ± 4.55 mm and a mean weight of 0.056 ± 0.051 g. Our results indicate that further research is critical to understanding the extent of ingestion, colour preferences, and what impacts ingestion may have on these and other seabird populations in the GBR.

1993 yılından bu yana Harvard Üniversitesi'nde ders veren Prof. Dr Gülru Necipoğlu, kitabını uzun araştırmalarından sonra ortaya çıkartmış. Türkçe baskı için tekrar gözden geçirdiği kitabında kimisi ilk kez yayımlanan pek çok kaynağa başvurmuş. Sinan Çağı, Osmanlı mimarlığının anıtlaşmış ismi Mimar Sinan’ı ve yapıtlarını anlatmanın ötesinde, adından da anlaşılacağı gibi bir çağı, bir ekolü tasvir ediyor. Osmanlı klasik döneminin zirvesinde oluşan mimarlık kültürünün anlatıldığı kitabın giriş bölümünde Necipoğlu, "16. Yüzyıl Bağlamında Sinan" başlığıyla Osmanlı kültür ve medeniyetini oluşturan çeşitli unsurları anlatarak, Mimar Sinan’ın nefes kesici anıtsal vurguları ile İstanbul’un siluetine ve şehir imgesi doruğuna ulaştığını ifade ediyor. Alışılmış Mimar Sinan monografilerinin aksine Necipoğlu, Sinan'ı efsaneden arınmış bir şahsiyet olarak ve döneminin sosyal, siyasal, dini ve toplumsal çevresi içerisinde değerlendiriyor.

*Phần giới thiệu tổng hợp từ ý kiến phản biện của PGS.TS Phạm Quỳnh Phương (VNU)  và PGS.TS Đỗ Thị Thanh Thủy (VICAS)

Trong bối cảnh di sản hóa phổ biến ở Việt Nam, nghiên cứu là một đề tài có tính thời sự, khám phá mối quan hệ phức tạp, đa chiều giữa di sản với địa điểm, giữa tiến trình di sản hóa (heritagization), tạo tác di sản (heritage-making) với kiến tạo địa điểm (placemaking).
Dựa vào trường hợp thực tiễn ở Tràng An, sử dụng cách tiếp cận kiến tạo và các phương pháp liên ngành, nghiên cứu đã chạm đến một vấn đề mang tính cốt lõi trong nhận thức về di sản. Đó là: “Bản chất của di sản là gì?” và “Di sản được tạo ra như thế nào?”.
Do vậy, đây là một đề tài hay, có ý nghĩa trong việc nhận thức sự hình thành các địa điểm di sản ở Việt Nam. Mặt khác, đề tài cũng được nhận định có độ khó, độ phức tạp bởi tính mới và tính trừu tượng cao, nhưng vẫn mang đến sức hấp dẫn khi tác giả đã mạnh dạn khám phá và áp dụng những quan điểm học thuật tiệm cận với thế giới, nỗ lực thu thập tài liệu, phân tích để đi đến những phát hiện có giá trị.
Về nội dung cụ thể, nghiên cứu được nhận định là công trình dày dặn, có chất lượng tốt với nhiều thành công đáng ghi nhận như:
1, Thay vì sử dụng cách tiếp cận Quy chất luận (Essentialism) phổ biến với giới học giả trong nước, thường mang tính giá trị hóa di sản, tác giả đã sử dụng cách tiếp cận Kiến tạo luận (Constructivism) và lấy địa điểm di sản làm đối tượng nghiên cứu để khám phá những chiều kích phức tạp trong sự hình thành di sản.
2, Công trình đã làm khá tốt, tổng quan được những khía cạnh lý thuyết liên quan đến kiến tạo địa điểm (placemaking) nói chung và kiến tạo địa điểm trong di sản nói riêng. Tác giả đã khá thấu đáo trong việc chỉ ra những lớp lang khái niệm khác nhau, ý nghĩa cũng như sự khác biệt của các khái niệm này. Chỉ ra được sự khác biệt giữa địa điểm (place), không gian (space), nơi chốn và kiến tạo nơi chốn… Lý giải tại sao lựa chọn chuyển ngữ của “placemaking” thành “kiến tạo địa điểm”?
3, Với năng lực tổng quan các tài liệu tiếng nước ngoài, tác giả đã chỉ ra rất nhiều chiều kích gắn với kiến tạo địa điểm trong công trình của các học giả đi trước. Nổi bật trong đó, tác giả nhấn mạnh đến 2 khía cạnh: Kiến tạo địa điểm là cách in dấu bản sắc, giá trị, nhận thức, ký ức của chủ thể lên cảnh quan, đồng thời cũng làm biến đổi cảnh quan, biến đổi ý nghĩa ban đầu và phủ lên đó những lớp nghĩa mới. Từ đây có thể thấy cách tiếp cận này giúp hiển lộ mối quan hệ đa chiều giữa con người/cộng đồng và không gian, giữa thiên nhiên và văn hóa.
4, Công trình cũng cung cấp tài liệu tốt, chi tiết và hữu ích trong trường hợp kiến tạo địa điểm đối với QTDT Tràng An. Đây được coi là phần thành công nhất của nghiên cứu khi tác giả đã làm thao tác lịch sử hóa sự tồn tại của di sản này qua việc mô tả tiến trình biến đổi của Tràng An từ một vùng đất “buồn, bực, bụi, bẩn” vào những năm 90 của thế kỷ XX thành một thương hiệu di sản ở thập kỷ đầu của thế kỷ XXI một cách sinh động, thú vị với vai trò của những tác nhân ngẫu nhiên (nhà làm phim người Pháp, bộ phim Indochine…) cho đến tính chủ thể đầy chiến lược của các doanh nhân, các nhà đầu tư, chuyên gia nước ngoài, chính quyền. Các luận điểm được tác giả nêu ra khá thuyết phục, giúp người đọc hiểu sự hình thành của di sản hỗn hợp thế giới Tràng An là một tiến trình lâu dài với nỗ lực “đọc địa điểm”, phát hiện, tạo ra giá trị, tái cấu trúc, tinh chỉnh cảnh quan, thương thỏa, thuyết phục UNECO. Ở đó, di sản hóa đi cùng công cuộc khai thác tài nguyên và tầm nhìn phát triển kinh tế du lịch đã có thể thay thế cho hướng phát triển công nghiệp nặng. Người đọc cũng tìm thấy bên trong tiến trình kiến tạo địa điểm và di sản hóa cũng tạo ra/đi kèm với những xung đột, bất đồng, mâu thuẫn của các bên liên quan.

Với 4 thành công nêu trên, có thể nói nghiên cứu “Di sản như một quá trình kiến tạo địa điểm: Trường hợp QTDT Tràng An” là một đề tài mới, có tính cấp thiết.
Về mặt lý luận, nghiên cứu góp phần hệ thống hóa các quan điểm, lần đầu tiên đưa cách tiếp cận kiến tạo địa điểm (placemaking) đặt trong mối quan hệ với quan điểm về di sản hóa (heritagization) trong bối cảnh học thuật tại Việt Nam. Đây là những cách tiếp cận rất mới mẻ đối với chuyên ngành nghiên cứu về di sản văn hóa trong cả nước.
Về mặt thực tiễn qua nghiên cứu tại QTDT Tràng An với quá trình kiến tạo địa điểm và di sản hóa, đề tài đã cung cấp những bài học thú vị, hữu ích về quá trình xây dựng hồ sơ di sản thế giới, quá trình UNESCO ghi danh một di sản… Nghiên cứu có thể là một tham khảo cho các nhà quản lý cũng như cho công tác đào tạo, nghiên cứu di sản, xây dựng và biên soạn hồ sơ di sản thế giới.
Với những khiếm khuyết trong bối cảnh nghiên cứu chung được chỉ ra, công trình thực sự là một nỗ lực đáng khích lệ nhằm góp phần thu hẹp, khỏa lấp khoảng trống học thuật và cũng là nỗ lực có ý nghĩa đáng trân trọng đối với một chuyên ngành khoa học mới như chuyên ngành Di sản học. Sự phân tích kỹ càng, đi sâu vào nghiên cứu trường hợp giúp công trình trở thành tài liệu tốt cho những ai quan tâm đến tiến trình di sản ở Việt Nam.
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Giới thiệu cách tiếp cận kiến tạo địa điểm và quá trình cách tiếp cận này chuyển dịch từ lĩnh vực địa lý nhân văn, thiết kế đô thị sang di sản học; làm rõ mục đích, ý nghĩa; hệ thống hóa các nghiên cứu nổi bật trong nước và quốc tế về di sản thông qua chủ đề này. Cung cấp những hiểu biết sâu hơn về sự tạo thành hệ thống hình ảnh nhận diện, các công trình kiến trúc, bản sắc đương đại của cộng đồng sinh sống trong khu vực Tràng An. Cùng với đó, thông qua dữ liệu nghiên cứu, có thể khắc họa phần nào công cuộc lựa chọn, tinh chỉnh, đàm phán những giá trị/ ý nghĩa đang góp mặt trong Hồ sơ ghi danh Di sản thế giới của Tràng An; qua đó lý giải cách các nhóm đã tham gia như thế nào vào quá trình tạo tác di sản (making heritage) ở khu vực này. Nghiên cứu chỉ ra tác động của quá trình kiến tạo địa điểm theo chiến lược di sản tại QLDT Tràng An lên các nhóm tiếp nhận, cụ thể là người dân địa phương và khách du lịch. Từ đó, nhận diện tiềm năng và thách thức trong công tác bảo tồn, phát huy giá trị tại một khu di sản thế giới ở Việt Nam.
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This text introduces the place-making approach and its evolution from human geography and urban design to heritage studies. The purpose is to systematize national and international studies on heritage, providing a deeper understanding of the formation of identity images, architectural works, and contemporary identities in the Trang An area. Additionally, it aims to depict the process of selecting, refining, and negotiating values in the World Heritage List of Trang An and explain community participation in the heritage creation process in this area. The study also examines the impact of the place-making process and heritage strategy on local people and tourists managed by the Trang An Urban Management Board. It aims to identify the potential and challenges in preserving and promoting values at the Trang An Landscape Complex in Vietnam.

Представлены результаты исследований и работ, проводившихся в 2003–2005 гг. в долине р. Коксу с целью определения границ археологического ландшафта с петроглифами Ешкиолмес для его сохранения как потенциального объекта всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО. Публикуются материалы раскопок поселений эпохи бронзы Талапты I, Куйган I и II, для которых впервые получены даты по 14С: конец III – начало II тыс. до н.э. Вводятся в научный оборот новые документальные материалы по петроглифам Ешкиолмес.

The amphitheater was the quintessential Roman building. At Rome, the Flavian amphitheater stood as a singularly impressive Roman monument and both a signifier and a modifier of Roman imperialism and ideology. In the provinces, especially in the west, the amphitheater was essential to a Roman town. In the Eastern provinces, however, they were few, and one of the only four in Asia Minor was located in Pergamon, a city with a deep and lasting Hellenistic identity. Why here, then? Why Pergamon? This study aims to examine the Pergamene amphitheater while exploring the relationship between Rome and Pergamon, the variety of cultural influences in between, and how these influences impacted Pergamon, especially the Pergamene amphitheater.
By considering multiple sides of cultural exchange and the amphitheater as focal points of identity building, this study will question what it means to be Roman.

From a local perspective, the issues of affordable housing, its administration, and the applicability of the 30-percent-of-income housing cost burden threshold in GTWHS have received inadequate attention. These crucial issues are closely linked to the livelihoods of the GTWHS community. The article aims to ascertain the inclusiveness of urban governance in administering affordable housing issues; and to revisit the applicability of the one-third housing cost burden threshold in George Town World Heritage Site (GTWHS) of Penang state of Malaysia from the local perspective. Main data was collected through a 318-respondent survey, complemented by in-depth interviews with key informants. Findings suggest that housing in GTWHS is generally unaffordable. GTWHS is neither inclusive in its housing governance and administration, nor in terms of its urban livability and sustainability. A reexamination of the applicability of the 30-percent-of-income housing cost burden threshold reveals that the local community generally perceives a “reasonable rent” in GTWHS as being less than one-third of their earnings.

By this significant jubilee, Serbia had inscribed five cultural sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List (the List was started in 1978 – which makes an average of one inscription every nine years). Three sites are serial (Stari Ras with Sopoćani – inscribed in 1979, Medieval Monuments in Kosovo – 2006, and Medieval Tombstones – Stećci – 2016). The latter is also a transnational property with three neighbouring states (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Croatia). Serbia has only two single cultural heritage sites on the World Heritage List: The Studenica Monastery – inscribed in 1986, and the Gamzigrad-Romuliana archaeological site – in 2007. Serbia has no natural properties on the World Heritage List. On the Preliminary List, Serbia has 11 cultural and natural sites, some of which have been there for over 20 years. In this article, we analyze what Serbia has achieved in inscribing its properties on the World Heritage List during the 50 years of the Convention, with a view to future activities related to the inscription of new properties.

This paper explores the dual branding of Safranbolu as both a UNESCO World Heritage site and a CittaSlow town. It begins with an overview of the CittaSlow movement, which started in Italy in 1999 and aims to enhance quality of life by promoting local traditions, environmental protection, and cultural heritage. The movement's expansion into Turkey began with Seferihisar in 2009, leading to the inclusion of several other Turkish towns. These towns have experienced economic benefits, cultural preservation, improved quality of life, and environmental sustainability, though challenges such as balancing tourism with authenticity, infrastructure strain, inclusivity, and sustainable development persist. The paper provides a detailed overview of key CittaSlow towns in Turkey and compares them with notable examples worldwide, highlighting similarities and differences in their implementation of CittaSlow principles. A chronological case study of Seferihisar illustrates its journey and the impact of CittaSlow membership on local development. Safranbolu's dual branding is examined, discussing the advantages of increased visibility, preservation support, economic benefits, and strengthened community identity, alongside challenges like managing tourist influx, balancing modernization with preservation, avoiding over-commercialization, ensuring community involvement, and sustaining long-term conservation efforts. The paper concludes that effective management of these complexities can allow Safranbolu to maximize the benefits of its dual branding, serving as a model for other towns aiming to balance heritage preservation with sustainable development.

Since the foundation of their state, Greeks have considered antiquity’s classics their heritage and based their cultural and national identity on them. Nevertheless, modernization, shifting cultural practices in the West, and the economic, sociopolitical, and cultural changes taking place in Greece after the fall of the junta (1974) and up until the recent economic crisis, have problematized the place of cultural objects from the (distant) past .
Based on semi-structured interviews with university students of different departments, I look into participants’ discourses to illuminate how Greeks discuss, evaluate and relate to classics as cultural objects. The findings of my study show that antiquity’s classics are still praised as valuable and universal, while also being considered important part of Greece’s heritage. Yet people do not unequivocally link classics to modern Greece nor do they equate ancient Greek heritage with Greekness. Instead, discussing antiquity encourages critical reflection on contemporary Greece. It provides the opportunity to reflect on how ancient Greeks are culturally different from modern ones, or how they do not fit into today’s understandings of Greekness. It also initiates conversations about whether moderns live up to the model of the ancients, or even whether they know that heritage. Moreover, while classics are recognized as part of the Greek identity, they are not reduced to it. Explicitly nationalist readings are rejected and classical heritage tends to be perceived more as universal treasure, rich in humanistic values and ideals, rather than a resource of narrowly Greek interest.
Such findings can help us appreciate the changing perception and evaluation of ancient heritage in Greece (by younger, educated adults), the tensions and interconnections between perceptions of world heritage and perceptions of national heritage, and, finally, the special status that cultural objects of the past can hold even in times of rapid changes.

Ozet Alerjik­hastaliklarin­sikligi­son­yillarda­tum­dunyada­ozellikle­batililasmis­gelismis­ ulkelerde­artmaktadir.­Gida­alerjisi­genellikle­cocukluk­caginda­alerjinin­ilk­ortaya­ cikis­seklidir.­Uc­yasin­altinda­sikligi­%6-%8,­genel­pediatrik­populasyonda­ise­ %2-%3­arasindadir.­Astim­ise,­cocukluk­caginin­en­sik­rastlanan­kronik­akciger­ hastaligidir.­ Epidemiyolojik­ kanitlar,­ gida­ alerjisi­ ve­ astimin­ siklikla­ birlikte­ olabilecegini­dusundurmekte,­son­calismalar­ise­bu­iki­hastaligin­birlikteliginin­ artmis­ morbiditelere­ neden­ oldugunu­ gostermektedir.­ Gida­ alerjisi­ ve­ astimi­ olan­cocuk­hastalarda­gidalara­bagli­agir­sistemik­alerjik­reaksiyonlara­ve­agir­ astima­daha­sik­rastlanmaktadir.­Gida­alerjisi­ve­astim­varliginda­artmis­riskler­ konusunda­bilincli­olma­ve­her­iki­hastaligin­uygun­tedavisi­ile­prognoz­daha­iyi­ olabilmektedir.­(Gun­cel­Pe­di­at­ri­2014;1:26-30)

Retrospective Evaluation of Cases with Cow's Milk Allergy Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is described as immunological reaction against to one or more milk proteins. It is the most commonly seen food allergy which affects about 1-3% of general population. It is well known that a tolerance develops and prognosis is better during the first three years of the life. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the natural course of cases diagnosed with CMA and to determine the factors which have impact on the tolerance development. Medical records of cases who have been followed for CMA were reviewed retrospectively between August 2011 and August 2014. Gender, age at first symptom, breastfeeding duration, family atopy history, multiple food allergies, concomitant allergic diseases, inhalant allergy sensitivity and clinical evidences of cases were assessed. Also, prick test results, the levels of total IgE, milk-specific IgE, casein-specific IgE and the reactions that developed during food loading test were evaluated. Among the included patients, 53 (65%) were male. The median age at first symptom was 4 months (range; 1-10). Twenty-two percent of patients (n=18) had positive family history for atopy and 30% (n=24) had multiple food allergies. There were concomitant allergic disorders in 58% of patients (n=47) consisted of asthma in 10% (n=8), rhinitis in 14% (n=11) and atopic dermatitis in 38% (n=31). Most commonly seen symptoms were skin sign which specified in 93.8% of patients, gastrointestinal system (GIS) (24.7%) and respiratory system (18.5%) signs. The percentage of tolerance development by years was determined as 41% for the first year, 64% for the second year and 75% for the third year. By the multivariate logistic regression analysis, milk-specific IgE level at the time of diagnosis (p=0.010) and asthma presence (p=0.010) were found risk factors for persistent CMA. v Clinical parameters and allergy tests may help to predict the prognosis of CMA. Milk-specific IgE level at the time of diagnosis (p=0.010) and asthma presence (p=0.010) are risk factors for persistent CMA.

The cultural and architectural significance of stone becomes evident as one traces its journey from quarry to monument. Located in southeastern Türkiye, Mardin City presents an urban landscape characterized by stone-built heritage. This transforms Mardin into an open-air museum where the final stone products are exhibited. In addition to its cultural and historical significance, the present study explores the geological, physical, mechanical, mineralogical, petrographic, and chemical properties of the Mardin Stone through the samples collected from the Artuklu, Midyat and Savur districts of Mardin. The Mardin Stone is represented by two different types of limestone deposited during the Cretaceous-Eocene period, categorized as fossiliferous micritic limestone and micritic limestone. The physicomechanical and thermal characteristics suggest that the samples collected from the Artuklu district exhibit better engineering properties than those from the Midyat and Savur districts. The study mapped ancient and modern quarries, illustrating the significance of the stone extraction and crafting techniques used to produce the Mardin Stone. Additionally, it emphasized the ongoing use of stone in contemporary structures, its vital role in heritage conservation, and its export to various countries, notably for use in the Syriac diaspora churches. The evaluations demonstrate that the Mardin Stone, with its diverse architectural applications and symbolic element of the collective memory, meets the essential standards and criteria of the International Union of Geological Sciences-Heritage Stone Subcommission (IUGS-HSS) as a potential candidate for designation as Heritage Stone.

Safranbolu, tarih boyunca çeşitli uygarlıklara ev sahipliği yapmış, ulusal ve uluslararası alanda öneme sahip bir kültür ilçesidir. Osmanlı medeniyetinin izlerini zengin bir şekilde içinde barındıran ilçemiz, 1994 yılında UNESCO'nun Dünya Miras Listesi'ne girmiştir. Tarihi evleri, sokakları, çeşmeleri, camileri, köprüleri, hanları, hamamları, esnaf loncaları günümüze kalan tarihi izlere örnektir. Eskiden Safranbolu bulunduğu konum itibari ile ticaret kervan yollarının geçiş güzergahında olması ile birlikte geleneksel el sanatlarının gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Fakat gelişen teknoloji ve yaşam biçimindeki değişmeler Safranbolu'da birçok geleneksel mesleğin önemini yitirmesine neden olmuştur. Bu meslekler şu şekilde sıralanabilir; dericilik, semercilik, kunduracılık, sayacılık, yemenicilik, mestçilik, kalaycılık, sobacılık, dokumacılık, saraçlık, nalbantlık ve sepetçilik gibi. Yapılan bu araştırmada "sepet" kavramı tanıtılmış ve Anadolu'da sepet yapımına kısaca değinilmiştir. Safranbolu'da eskiden sepetçilik mesleğinin durumu, nerede ve nasıl yapıldığına dair bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Edinilen bilgiler doğrultusunda yapım aşamaları ile tekrar bir sepet yapılmış ve uygulama basamakları görsellerle anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sepetçilik mesleğinin Safranbolu'da tekrar hayat bulabilmesine yönelik öneriler ifade edilmiştir.

Amaç: Astım, çocukluk çağı kronik hastalıkları arasında en sık görülen ve reversibl hava yolu obstrüksiyonu ile karakterize enflamatuvar bir hastalıktır. Çalışmamızda astım tanısı kesinleştirilen çocukların ilk kez astım semptomlarının hangi yaşta başladığının ve ailelerin ilk kez çocuklarının tanısı ile ilgili ne zaman bilgilendirildiklerinin belirlenmesi, dolayısıyla hastaların kesin astım tanısı almaları için geçen sürenin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

without the consent of the publisher is inadmissible and punishable. This refers especially to reproduction of figures and/or text in print or xerography, translations, microforms and the data storage and processing in electronic systems. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinions whatsoever on the part of the publishers concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the frontiers of any country or territory. This year, reading the report, frustration with the current UNESCO process is in your eye, especially in three of our network members' reports. How can we create a stronger dynamic for the respect and protection of our heritage? From two of our network members, you can glean their frustration with the UNESCO system in this volume, a third one refrained from even providing a written report. None of the three are in developing countries-they are all in Europe. Others contributed their reports without having hope for change. More and more, for safety reasons, authors opt to write anonymously, and some have left their homeland for fear of being detained or silenced should they speak out. At World Heritage Watch, we continue to feel strongly about our mission. We believe that implementation of the Convention in perpetuity, site by site, depends to a large extent on the commitment of the broader population, on civil society. The positive evidence is there, alongside the shortcomings we demonstrate and deplore. Indeed, people do make a difference. Civil society action has managed to stop damages before it was too late. Early diagnosis, nipping destruction in the bud-for instance by identifying infrastructure plans that would, if realized, damage World Heritage are our forte. After ten years-a mere ten years, it seems-our anniversary is a time to take stock and ask hard questions, about ourselves, about UNESCO and its State Parties, and best ways to heighten public attention. The idea that each of us considers the World Heritage to be the common heritage of all of us, and that each of us stands up for all of it, is a most beautiful and indeed cosmopolitan concept, that has a potential to bring people from all over the world together, transcending nationalities and religions. The global World Heritage Watch network is living proof of this. We demonstrate every day that it is possible to create enthusiasm for this beautiful idea, and that we can turn this enthusiasm into action. We are convinced that the World Heritage is an asset for the future as much as it is a gift from the past. Our 10 th anniversary is also an occasion to give special thanks to two persons who over all these years have helped make the WHW Report what it is. First, Bianka Gericke, our computer designer; she has provided the layout and design of all of our publications, working herself through texts and illustrations from incredibly diverse sources with immense patience and diligence while giving the publication its elegant and unmistakable appearance. Second, Martin Lenk; he has contributed many of the detailed and aesthetic maps that would make any geographic publisher envious, including UNESCO itself. To both of them we owe more than we can express, and we hope that they will be with us for a long time to come. Maritta Koch-Weser, President Stephan Doempke, Chair World Heritage Watch Circle, Ta' Ġesu', as well as Ġgantija), all linked by their Late Neolithic viewlines; therefore, the preservation of this view is vitally important. The building would also require 1,100 square metres of excavation for basement-level garages, resulting in the removal of archaeologically-rich untouched soils. Appeals launched against the planning application Alongside a costly and strong appeal filed by Flimkien għal Ambjent Aħjar against the decision taken by the Planning Authority, three further appeals have been submitted in the courts of Malta against this abusively approved planning permit PA/00570/21. The grievances filed by FAA are: 1. The approved development PA 00570/21 is contrary to the Gozo and Comino Local Plan (GCLP), in particular Policy GZ-Edge-1c. 2. The application constitutes a violation of the Development and Design Guidance 2015 (DC15), in particular policies P6, P42, G2, G3, G23. 3. The development, as approved, is contrary to Thematic Objective 7 Urban Objective 3d of Strategic Plan for Environment and Development-SPED15. 4. The approved application violates Cap 552 of the Development Planning Act as it is manifestly clear that there is a grossly incorrect and untrue statement by the applicant regarding the buffer zone. The established buffer zone is a non-negotiable obligation which the State Party of Malta has with UNESCO. 5. The approval of the permit is not in conformity with the Cultural Heritage Act, Chapter 445 of the Laws of Malta, in particular Section II as well as pursuant to article 66 of such legislation. 6. The approved application completely ignores Article 191 TFEU and Article 3 of Directive 2011/92 governing the special mechanism known as the Environment Impact Assessment in Malta. 7. The call for a Heritage Impact Assessment for the prestigious site situated in the vicinity of the Ġgantija Temples was not required to be carried out by the Planning Authority of Malta, despite the sensitivity of the prestigious temple site as recognized by UNESCO. 8. The approved planning application violates various Aarhus Convention parameters and principles and directives that Malta is a signatory to, as well as to various European Directives on public access to environmental information. Demands to the State Party of Malta • The State Party of Malta must urgently intervene to ensure that no development may obliterate the visual enjoyment and legibility of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Ġgantija Temples, be that from the perimeter of or as in this case, directly within the buffer zone as established at law.

Bu calismada Turkiye’nin Bati Karadeniz Bolgesinde yer alan Bartin ili Amasra ilcesindeki geleneksel konut kulturu ele alinmistir. Amasra’nin ilce merkezinde yer alan 19. yuzyil geleneksel konut ornekleri incelenmis, oncelikle plan tipleri olmak uzere yapim sistemi ve kullanilan malzemeler ortaya cikarilmistir. Bu analiz yok olmak uzere olan bolgedeki konut kulturunu yeniden hatirlatmak, gelecek donemlerde unutulmamasini saglamak ve yapilacak olan restorasyon calismalarina yardim saglamak adina yapilmistir. Bu calismada Amasra ilcesindeki geleneksel evlerde detayli incelemeler yapilmis, evlerin plan tipleri cikarilmis, ev kullanicilariyla gorusulerek bolge mimarisinin gecmisten gunumuze ne gibi degisimlere maruz kaldigi ve ev sahiplerinin dusunceleri dogrultusunda gelecekte olusabilecek tablo hakkinda cikarimlarda bulunulmustur. Sonuc olarak, Amasra ilcesi geleneksel ev mimarisi adina yapilan bu arastirmada bolge konut mimarligi icerisinde plan semasi, yapim teknigi ve malzeme ozell...

This paper focuses on the making of heritage places through the narration of ethnic"s identity at Melaka World Heritage site (WHS). Ethnic identity plays a vital role in identifying the community"s heritage because people identify themselves to places as it postulates their identity and provoke their sense of belongingness. Due to limited of scientific information in the related field, this study argues the significance in the making of heritage places through the narration based on ethnic"s identity at Melaka WHS. This research was conducted using ethnographic methods, which used a snowball sampling technique. It involves an in-depth interview with 19 communities and participant observations. The audio data from interviews were transcribed into text and analysed using thematic analysis. Based on results, it shows community speaks their rights to be represented within the whole aspects of landscape, culture and history, which embodied in Melaka WHS. It is portrayed in the aspects of their historical records, culture, language, identity and place attachment. It also identifies challenges, which hinder the formation of ethnic"s identity towards the place making such as generation gap, population density and uncontrolled developments. This study contributes to the importance of identity and placing making in cultural heritage management at World Heritage site.

Hagia Sophia, a monumental structure with a history spanning over a millennium, stands as a symbol of the confluence and tension between cultural heritages and political realms. Originally built as a Christian cathedral in 537 CE, it was converted into a mosque in 1453 following the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, and then into a museum in 1935 under the secular reforms of the Turkish Republic. Recently, it has been reconverted into a mosque, reigniting debates about its use and preservation. This essay explores the risks associated with its dual functionality as both a mosque and a museum, the potential impacts on the monument, strategies for management, and the overarching political implications.

This article examines the landscape as heritage by exploring key theoretical conceptualizations and highlighting the complexity and critical nodes involved in the recognition and value attribution process carried out by UNESCO. The objective is to empirically assess how policies for the protection of heritage landscapes territorialize procedures, principles, and globally significant visions. In particular, this article delves into the case of UNESCO Global Geoparks that promote an integrated model for the conservation and enhancement of the landscape, emphasizing the crucial role of local communities in the sustainable management of geoheritage. The analysis identifies three keywords for Geoparks: sustainability, education, and co-management, and explores their connections in reference to the landscape recognized as the Global Geopark Rocca di Cerere. In conclusion, this article demonstrates the importance of effectively implementing an integrated, participatory, and sustainable approach that takes into account the specific facets of the landscape and actively involves all stakeholders in the production of a dynamic sense of belonging.

Amaç: Astım, çocukluk çağı kronik hastalıkları arasında en sık görülen ve reversibl hava yolu obstrüksiyonu ile karakterize enflamatuvar bir hastalıktır. Çalışmamızda astım tanısı kesinleştirilen çocukların ilk kez astım semptomlarının hangi yaşta başladığının ve ailelerin ilk kez çocuklarının tanısı ile ilgili ne zaman bilgilendirildiklerinin belirlenmesi, dolayısıyla hastaların kesin astım tanısı almaları için geçen sürenin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Amaç: Astım, çocukluk çağı kronik hastalıkları arasında en sık görülen ve reversibl hava yolu obstrüksiyonu ile karakterize enflamatuvar bir hastalıktır. Çalışmamızda astım tanısı kesinleştirilen çocukların ilk kez astım semptomlarının hangi yaşta başladığının ve ailelerin ilk kez çocuklarının tanısı ile ilgili ne zaman bilgilendirildiklerinin belirlenmesi, dolayısıyla hastaların kesin astım tanısı almaları için geçen sürenin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Among the current Italian UNESCO sites placed in Lombardy, two of them are prehistoric cultural sites: rock art of Valle Camonica and the pile dwellings around the Alps. This paper shows the management of the two sites (one linked to a Lombard valley and the other to an international context) and some examples of enhancement.

Bu çalışmada Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi DermatolojiAnabilim Dalı'na Ekim 1992-Nlsan 1993 tarih leri arasında başvuran, dermatolojik muayenesi alerjik kontakt dermatit ile uyumlu olan 43 hastaya yama (patch) testi uygulanmıştır. Reaksiyonlar klinik olarak değer lendirilmiş, pozitif reaksiyonlardan alınan deri örnek lerindeki histopatolojik ve immünohistokimyasal bulgular negatif kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Klinik incelemede alerjik kontakt dermatite en sık ne den olan alerjenler olarak birinci sırada nikel sülfat, ikinci sırada kobalt klorür saptanmıştır. Histopatolojik incelemelerde derecesi reaksiyonun şiddetiyle doğru orantılı olarak değişen epidermal ve dermal ödem, epidermal vezikülasyon, keratinositlerde reak siyonun şiddetine bağlı olarak vaküolizasyondan nekrotik değişikliklere varan yıkım, dermişte lenfosit infiltrasyonu, epidermal Langerhans hücrelerinde sayıca azalma, der mişte venül çevresi lenfoid doku birikimlerinde artış ve yer yer epidermisin hemen altına kadar ilerleme, dermişte yüksek endotelli venül oluşumları ve dermiş mast hücre lerinde sayıca artma saptanmıştır. Çalışmamızın sonuçları çoğunlukla önceki araştırma larla uyumlu bulunmakla beraber, Langerhans hücre lerinin kalitatif, kantatif değişiklikleri ve Langerhans hücresi-lenfosit apozisyonu sıklığı konusunda geniş serilere gerekolduğu kanısına varılmıştır.

Öz Beslenme alanında yapılan son çalışmalarda, günlük tüketilen bazı besinlerin sağlığı bozması ve duyarlılık oluşturmasının yanı sıra yaşam kalitesini belirli açılardan ve değişik açılardan etkilediği saptanmıştır. Bu derleme insan sağlığını çok yakından ilgilendirip, büyük ölçüde yaşam kalitesini etkileyen besin intoleransı ve oluşturan faktörler, sonuçları ve intolerans bulgularının belirlenmesinde kullanılan testlerin uygulanma şekilleri, değerlendirilme özellikleri konusunda bilgi vermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sürekli değişik şikayetler ile sağlık profesyonellerine başvuran kişilerde ilk olarak belirtiler ilaçlar yoluyla giderilmeye çalışılmış ve çözüme gidilemeyen vakalarda, bu sorunlar psikolojik sebeplere dayandırılmıştır. Ancak yapılan birçok araştırma, besin duyarlılığı ile meydana gelen sorunlarda, duyarlılığa sebep olan gıdaların diyetten uzaklaştırılması ile besin intoleransının yan etkilerinin azaldığı ve hatta tamamen yok olabildiğini göstermektedir. Bilimin gelişmesi ile doğal olarak gelişen besin intoleransına ilaveten kullanılan zirai atıklar, besin katkı ve boya maddeleri, renk vericiler, genetiği değiştirilmiş besinler kişilerde son yıllarda görülen besin duyarlılık etkilerinin artmasına neden olmakta ve ayrıca bu tür sorunlar toplumda refahı, yaşam kalitesini bozmakta ve ilaç harcamaları nedeniyle ülke ekonomisini negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Kişilerin hayatında bu denli önemli bir yere sahip olan besin intoleransının varlığını anlayabilmek ve oluşturduğu ve oluşturabileceği sorunlarla baş edebilmek için besin duyarlılığı testlerinin sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından topluma tanıtılması ve bu testlere erişimin kolaylaştırılması büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Öz Ülkemizde ve dünyada son yıllarda besin alerjilerinin yaygınlığında artış gözlenmektedir. Ülkelerin beslenme kültürlerine bağlı olarak alerjen besin maddelerinde değişiklik olsa da, çoğunlukla sekiz besin alerjiye sebebiyet vermektedir. Besin alerjileri IgE aracılı olduğu gibi IgE aracılı olmayan mikst tip reaksiyonlar ile de gerçekleşmektedir. IgE kaynaklı reaksiyonlar yaşamı tehdit edebilen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Süt çocuklarında besin alerjilerine neden olan faktörlere bakıldığında, ailede atopi öyküsünün olmasının yanı sıra, çevresel maruziyetler, mikrobiyotanın çeşitliliği, miktarı ve dengesinde meydana gelen değişikliklerin tetiklediği düşünülmektedir. Besin alerjilerin önlenmesi veya seyrinin hafifletilmesinde mikrobiyotanın gelecek vaat ettiği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede bağırsak mikrobiyotası ile besin alerjileri arasındaki ilişkiye yönelik bir literatür çalışması yapılmıştır.

The paper is dedicated to the problem of the endangerment of World
Cultural Heritage in times of crisis, conflicts and conflict situations. The
modern world abounds in areas where social intolerance simmers, and
cultural heritage is the first to be attacked in such areas. In addition to
direct attacks on monuments, they are often the subject of various (mis)
uses – violent repurposing, deconstruction of meaning, reinterpretation,
negation of the past, and the like. In such situations, the maturity of the
heritage protection service, that is, the role and importance of international
conventions for its preservation, is questionable. That is why in
this paper special attention is devoted to World Heritage sites which,
according to the Convention on the Protection of World Cultural and
Natural Heritage, are significant for humanity as a whole. However, in
times of crisis in unstable areas, their vulnerability manifests itself and
transforms in accordance with changing social factors. The destruction of
colossal Buddha statues in Afghanistan and monuments on the territory
of Syria, the recent repurposing of the Hagia Sophia museum in Istanbul,
and the reinterpretation and use of Medieval Monuments in Kosovo, are
examples in which we will examine contemporary ways of endangering
World Cultural Heritage, i.e. the importance of the Convention as part
of legal protection for their survival.

This presentation includes a summary of the presentations I made and published on the two important problems that I raised under the titles of "Opening of Natural Protected Areas to Development" and "New Construction in the Heritage Area" faced by the UNESCO World Heritage City of Safranbolu in 2022 and 2023, followed by my due diligence and solution suggestions. Under the heading of due diligence, I will briefly describe the insensitivity I have experienced before UNESCO WHC and the Turkish National Committee, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and the Safranbolu Municipality, although it will cause permanent damage to the heritage site. As a result, the Chamber of Architects took care of me and because of the lawsuit I participated in on behalf of the Branch, the "Revision of the Zoning Plan for Conservation Purposes", which would cause irreversible deterioration on the area, was canceled by the court. In this process, the Safranbolu Heritage Site has successfully passed the 3rd UNESCO assessment as if there is no risk. Although Safranbolu Municipality oversaw solving the problems, it did not take any initiative and dragged out the process. In the process I briefly summarized above, I argue that there are gaps in both the information flow and the job descriptions of the institutions authorized by the supervision and management of the UNESCO Cultural (and Natural) Heritage Site and their affiliates that I have not had the opportunity to explain. The saddest part is to hear that the debate on "What would we lose if we were removed from the UNESCO World Heritage List?" has started in Safranbolu.

Anafilaksi hızlı ve doğru müdahale edilmediğinde ölümcül olabilen sistemik bir reaksiyondur. Çalışmamızın amacı çocuk alerji polikliniğine anafilaksi nedeni ile başvurmuş olan hastaların demografik özellikleri, klinik seyri ve tetikleyici etkenlerini paylaşmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2017-2020 yılları arasında anafilaksi tanısı ile çocuk alerji polikliniğinde tetkik edilmiş olan hastaların dosyaları geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza dahil edilen 57 anafilaksi hastasının yaş ortalaması 7,8±4,5 yıl idi, %56,1'i erkekti. Hastaların %68,4'ü atopik idi, %49,1'inde serum IgE yüksekliği, %36,8'inde eozinofili eşlik etmekteydi. Tetikleyici olduğu belirlenen alerjenler sırasıyla besinler (%40,4), ilaçlar (%35,1) ve venom (%5,3) idi. Hastaların %64,9'unda hafif şiddette anafilaksi gözlendi. Eşlik eden ek alerjik hastalık, astım ve atopi varlığının anafilaksi şiddetini arttırdığı görüldü. Dokuz hastada 2 veya daha fazla anafilaksi atağı gözlenmiş idi. Adrenalin oto-enjektörü reçete edilmiş olan hiçbir hastada atak esnasında oto-enjektör kullanılmamıştı. Sonuç: Anafilaksi erkek çocuklarda daha sık görülmektedir. En sık tetikleyici etken besinlerdir. Astım, eşlik eden alerjik hastalık ve atopi varlığı atak şiddetini arttıran etmenlerdir. Adrenalin oto-enjektörü reçete edilmiş olan hastalarda da kullanılmamaktadır.