Technological innovations

The time period between the end of the Ubaid and the beginning of the Uruk expansion is one of the least known, yet most important eras in the ancient history of the Middle East. This era, which is often referred to as the « Post-Ubaid » period, is marked by major structural changes such as the rise of social hierarchies, technological innovations and economic reorganisation that eventually led to the emergence of proto-states and cities. Through the analysis of recently and less recently excavated sites in the Caucasus and Anatolia that bear strong links with the « Post-Ubaid » settlements of Syro-Mesopotamia, the author questions the significance of this era, which roughly extends between 4500 and 3800 BC. More than a “Mesopotamian” episode, she argues, the Post-Ubaid horizon is characterized by multi-directional, structural dynamics anchored both in the North (Anatolia and the Caucasus) and in the South (Syro-Mesopotamia). For this reason, its significance should be claimed through a change in analytical paradigms, focussing on the interactions between the Lowlands and the Highlands, with a reassessment of the available data from a non-Mesopotamian perspective.

Résumé

La période correspondant à la fin de l’Obeid et au début de l’expansion urukéenne est l’une des moins connues de l’histoire ancienne du Moyen-Orient. Cette période fondamentale, souvent qualifiée de « Post-Obeid », est pourtant marquée par des changements structurels majeurs: développement des hiérarchies sociales, innovations techniques et réorganisation économique. Ces changements ont, à terme, débouché sur l’émergence d’entités proto-étatiques et urbaines. A travers l’analyse de sites caucasiens ou anatoliens, récemment ou moins récemment fouillés, témoignant d’une proximité culturelle avec les établissements « Post-Obeid » de Syro-Mésopotamie, l’auteure remet en cause l’interprétation de cette période qui s’étend grossièrement entre 4500 et 3800 av. n.è. Plus qu’un épisode « mésopotamien », l’horizon « Post-Obeid » se caractérise selon elle par des dynamiques structurelles ancrées à la fois au Nord (l’Anatolie et le Caucase) et au Sud (la Syro-Mésopotamie). C’est pourquoi cette période doit être abordée à travers de nouveaux paradigmes centrés sur les interactions entre Basses Terres et Hautes Terres, et par un examen critique des données rompant avec une perspective analytique strictement mésopotamienne.

Engineering activities are based on the development of new Knowledge (Scientia), new 'made things' (Techné), and/or new ways of working and doing (Praxis). Scientia, Techné, and Praxis are three important dimensions of a comprehensive conception of Engineering as a whole. Engineering, as Scientia, is mostly developed in academia; as Techné, is practiced in industry generating technological innovations; and as Praxis, is carried out in technical and non-technical organizations, supporting managerial activities and technical procedures, via methodical and methodological design and implementation. This is why Engineering provides one of the most solid academic and professional substrata for bridging among universities, industries and governments.

Resumo: O fenômeno da metropolização tornou-se importante para a realidade nacional ao evidenciar, sobretudo a partir dos anos 1970, a concentração populacional e das atividades relacionais modernas, ou serviços superiores, em grandes cidades ao mesmo tempo em que ocorreu a dispersão geográfica da produção propriamente dita. Dentre os serviços superiores, destacam-se as atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, intensivas em conhecimento. Entende-se o papel de empresas como lócus de realização das inovações e que a ação estatal é fundamental para a realização de investimentos de forma a diminuir os riscos e a incerteza na introdução de inovações no mercado, bem como para o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. O estudo em questão se dá no âmbito da Geografia Econômica tomando como referenciais as discussões sobre inovação e as discussões empreendidas na geografia que apresentam como referenciais a categoria de formação socioespacial e as discussões referentes à metropolização do espaço. Tem como objetivo geral compreender quais são os agentes produtores de inovação tecnológica nessa mesorregião e como estas se realizam. Teve como objetivos específicos: analisar o papel do Estado através das Universidades e Institutos de Pesquisa e de empresas privadas na geração de inovações; identificar os principais setores econômicos geradores de inovação no Norte Central Paranaense e as razões para que esses setores sejam inovadores; identificar as trajetórias de inovação seguidas por empresas privadas selecionadas bem como as fontes de financiamento; identificar e compreender as possibilidades e limitações para a atuação das Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICTs) junto às empresas para implementação de inovações. As atividades de P&D estão concentradas, sobretudo em regiões metropolitanas do Brasil e nas capitais estaduais. Deve-se assinalar, no entanto, um conjunto de mesorregiões que configuram um grupo intermediário em relação à presença de atividades de P&D, localizadas sobretudo na região Centro-Sul, como é o caso das mesorregião Norte Central Paranaense. Demonstra-se que parcelas dos esforços inovativos ou do progresso técnico, também se realizam em espaços urbanos que apresentam características similares às metropolitanas. É necessário que tais espaços urbanos apresentem certas características do ponto de vista produtivo, seja ele industrial ou vinculado à agropecuária. Necessitam possuir infraestruturas de energia, telecomunicações, transporte multimodal, entre outras e acompanhadas da presença de instituições de ensino superior, pesquisa e extensão, aptas para a realização de pesquisas básicas e aplicadas, além de fornecer pessoal qualificado. Além disso, é necessário que haja iniciativas empresariais dispostas a realizar investimentos em P&D interno ou em cooperação com essas instituições. Em relação aos procedimentos metodológicos realizaram-se levantamentos de dados primários e secundários em fontes oficiais referentes à Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CTI) visando identificar a distribuição de pessoal ocupado e de estabelecimentos e instituições que desenvolvem atividades de P&D no Brasil. Isso permitiu mapear a distribuição dessas atividades pelo território nacional. Apresenta empiricamente, informações relativas à atuação de três universidades públicas, dois institutos de pesquisa e quatro empresas privadas, localizadas no Norte Central Paranaense, como geradoras de inovações.
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Abstract: The phenomenon of metropolization became important for the national reality when put in evidence, especially from the 1970s, the concentration of population and the modern activities or upper businesses services in big cities and at the same time that a statistical dispersion occured. Among the upper businesses services, the research and development activities are highlighted by their intensive knowledge. The role of companies are understood as a locus for innovatio and the statistical action is fundamental to provide investments in order to reduce risks and uncertainty in introducing innovations in the market, as well as for scientific and technological development. This study takes place in the context of Economic Geography, supported by the discussions about innovation and geography, which is referenced by the socio-spatial formation category and the discussions related to the metropolization of space. Its general objective is to understand who are the producers of technological innovation in this mesoregion and how these technological innovation are realized. Its specific objectives were: analyzing the role of the State through the Universities, research institutes and private companies in the generation of innovations; identifing the main economic sectors that generate innovation in Central Northern Parana and the reasons for these sectors to be innovative; identifing innovation trajectories followed by selected private companies as well as funding sources; identify and understand the possibilities and limitations for the activities of Science and Technology Institutions (ICTs) with companies in order to implement innovations. The R&D activities are concentrated mainly in metropolitan regions of Brazil and state capitals. It should be noted, however, a set of mesoregions that constitute an intermediate group of R&D activities, located mainly in the Center-South region, as for example the mesoregion of Central Northern Parana. Some innovative efforts or technical progress are also observed in urban spaces that have similar characteristics to metropolitan ones. It is necessary that such urban spaces have some characteristics from the productive point of view, being either industrial or linked to agriculture. They need to have energy infrastructures, telecommunications, multimodal transportation, among others, followed by the presence of higher education, research and extension projects, capable of conducting basic and applied research, as well as providing skilled labor. In addition, it is necessary to have business initiatives that are willing to make investments in internal R&D or in cooperation with these institutions. Regarding the methodological procedures, primary and secondary data were collected from official sources related to Science, Technology and Innovation (CTI) to identify the distribution of employed people, establishments and institutions that develop R&D activities in Brazil. This allowed us to map up the distribution of these activities throughout the national territory. It presents empirically, information related to the performance of three public universities, two research institutes and four private companies, located in Central Northern of Parana, as generators of innovations.

Since the 1940's, businesses have moved beyond local markets and gradually developed into one sophisticated multiethnic and multiracial economies; a trend we today conceptualize as globalization. Through liberated flow of technology and human resources across local boundaries, international organizations are enabled to explore infinite opportunities within limited resources. Globalization, however, has immensely increased responsibilities of the HR practitioners specifically in terms of employee growth and well-being. Comprehensive data collection technique of structured open ended interviews from HR practitioners of multinational and local business concerns was utilized, simultaneously relevant literature was also reviewed to further conceptualize and clarify the implications of implementing globalized HR practices to organizations performing in local scenario. This analytical paper explores HR practices in Pakistan and how efficacious organizations embrace globalization as a challenging yet profitable phenomenon.

Araştırmada turizm endüstrisinde modern teknolojilerin rolü ve önemini temel alarak, turizm sektöründe akademisyenlerin, öğrencilerin ve yöneticilerin turizmdeki teknoloji ile ilgili yeniliklere yönelik algılarını tanımlamak ve değerlendirmek amaçlanmaktadır. Buradan hareketle toplam 293 kişiden oluşan örneklem grubunda, turizm akademisyenleri, öğrencileri ve işletme yöneticilerinden toplanan veriler analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada frekans dağılımları, yüzdelik oranlar, ortalama değerler ve standart sapma gibi betimleyici analizlerin yanı sıra, araştırma hipotezleri için Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ve Post-Hoc analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Ölçeklerin yapı geçerliliği için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve güvenilirliği için Cronbach Alpha testi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre turizm akademisyenleri, öğrencileri ve işletme yöneticilerinin otel işletmelerinde teknolojik yenilikleri kullanım tercihleri, turizm endüstrisinde teknolojik yeniliklerin özelliklerini algılamaları, turizm endüstrisinde teknolojik yenilikleri kullanmalarına yönelik duyguları ve turizm endüstrisinde teknolojik yeniliklerin önemine yönelik algılamaları arasında herhangi anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamaktadır. 
Based on the role and importance of modern technologies in the tourism industry, it is aimed to define and evaluate the perceptions of academicians, students, and managers in the tourism industry regarding the innovations related to technology in tourism. Based on this, the data collected from tourism academicians, students, and business managers were analyzed in the sample group consisting of 293 people. In addition to descriptive analyzes such as frequency distributions, percentage rates, mean values, and standard deviation, One-Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) and Post-Hoc analysis were used for research hypotheses. Cronbach Alpha test was used for confirmatory factor analysis and reliability for the construct validity of the scales. According to the results of the analysis, there is no significant difference between tourism academics, students and business managers' preferences of using technological innovations in hotel businesses, their perceptions of the technological innovations in the tourism industry, their feelings about using technological innovations in the tourism industry and their perceptions of the importance of technological innovations in the tourism industry.

Taking an upper echelon theoretical perspective in public sector higher education, this systematic literature review had quadruple objectives. First, to identify the gap in the existing literature on transformational leadership (TL). Second, to suggest a comprehensive instrument for a higherorder construct of TL. Third, to propose a rigorous research framework for future empirical research, and fourth, to propose an appropriate research methodology for that empirical research. Using a systematic literature review approach, various databases were accessed to obtain current literature on the topic. Transformational leadership constructs were extensively explored for current concept developments and available measurement scales. A research model was proposed according to transformational leadership, and upper echelon theoretical frames and appropriate research methodology was recommended. The study found that the research on the TL, its antecedents, factors, and outcomes were still being developed. Various dimensions with different conflicting and complementing questionnaires and numerous instruments from the literature on TL construct have been identified. As a result, a research framework was proposed to conduct future research on transformational leadership and organisational effectiveness with a mediating role of technology innovation to fill the acknowledged gap. This study is among the first research to propose technology innovation in higher education context. Two of the newly launched techniques IPMA and CTA are recommended to enhance the robustness of any study involving technology innovation.

This article explains the place, and role of innovation in selected aspects of ceramic technology in the process of the transformation of areas located north of the Carpathians in the early Neolithic. Due to the availability of rich archaeological materials and their geographical location, this goal can most easily be achieved through a multilateral analysis of the early Neolithic remains, represented mainly by Linearbandkeramik (LBK), in the Rzeszów settlement region. Among others, the trends of the variability of the technology and stylistics of ceramics, the supply of stone raw materials, and the size of settlements against the dynamics of the development of demographic processes were analysed. As the most effective method of interpretation, the theory of Pierre Bourdieu was recognized. In the transformation
process of early Neolithic communities in the Rzeszów region, innovations in ceramics technology appeared to be a routinized and non-discursive element of a broad stream of social and culture changes. They are the result and mirror of these changes and, at the same time, one of their co-constitutive and co-shaping factors.
Keywords: LBK, society, technological innovation, pottery, transformation

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é discutir como ocorrem as inovações tecnológicas nas firmas, com enfoque nas concepções neo-schumpeterianas. A partir deste enfoque, buscou-se explicar o tratamento da firma em termos dinâmicos, gerados por fatores endógenos do sistema, notadamente as inovações. A firma é tomada como uma unidade básica de análise, em que os agentes decidem sob condições de incerteza, instabilidade e racionalidade limitada. Em oposição à abordagem neoclássica, o comportamento da firma é explicado por meio das ideias de rotina, da busca e da seleção. Desse modo, o mercado constitui uma instituição de seleção cada vez mais eficiente, determinando o desaparecimento de empresas consideradas incapazes. As firmas estão em constante busca por inovações, a fim de garantir a obtenção de lucros e a difusão tecnológica.

The present work aims to map the Social Technologies used to live with the semiarid in the states of Alagoas and Sergipe, since both states are areas characterized by water insufficiency, and these technological innovations have been presented as conditions that help in the social improvement and water sustainability. The methodological procedures adopted were documentary analysis of reports presented by public and private agencies and entities that have works and actions in the implementation of the TS in the municipalities affected by drought. Studies show that in the Alagoas semiarid there is a higher concentration of social technologies deployed in relation to the Sergipan semiarid, being the plate cistern, polyethylene cistern, boardwalk cistern and dams the technologies most used by the population that aims to improve the quality of life and that ensures water sustainability.

The challenges of disruptive innovations have gained significant attention from both academics and practitioners, commercialization being one of the most critical phases. At the same time, however, it is the less studied area of disruptive innovation. Therefore, this article examined scholarly papers on the commercialization of disruptive innovations through a multidisciplinary systematic literature review. It resulted in the analysis of 64 high-quality peer-reviewed academic articles. The analysis highlighted the commercialization models and main constructs that are affecting the commercialization process: market orientation, market learning, user's involvement, market configuration, adoption networks and stakeholders, and innovation transference. The study evidences how commercialization has evolved from a later stage in innovation to influence even the early phases of innovation, characterized in turn by exploration, learning and ecosystem creation activities. Additionally, the analysis led to a proposition that established an integrated commercialization model for high uncertainty innovations. The model has three phases: 1) Concept/value proposition validation, 2) Business model validation & Market creation, and 3) Creating sales in the majority market. Lastly, the article contributes to a better understanding of commercialization processes in high uncertainty innovations, bridging also the academic-practitioner divide.

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to ascertain the effect of knowledge management on the performance of organizations in Nigerian food and beverage manufacturing sector. Design/Approach/Methodology: To achieve the stated objective, the study used survey research design, with 320 samples from a population of 1587 employees of selected food and beverage firms in Nigeria. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data and structural equation modelling was used to analyze the data. Findings: Results showed that knowledge creation had a significant negative effect on innovation and knowledge sharing had a significant positive effect on innovation. The findings also revealed that knowledge creation has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction while knowledge sharing had an insignificant negative effect on job satisfaction. Practical Implication: The results can be used in efforts to improve the performance of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria and other developing countries by adopting knowledge management initiatives to enhance performance levels. Originality/Value: This study is an original study and it adds to scholarly debate on effect of knowledge management and the performance of manufacturing firms by giving evidence from a developing country. Manufacturing firms can adopt innovation as a channel for knowledge management to boost the performance of their businesses.

O
ver dependence on oil driven economy casts fear on many Nigerians with regards to what is likely to happen when the oil wells dry up eventually. As an alternative to oil driven economy, this paper considers a shift from the boom-and-burst mode of economic management to the integration of indigenous technology in Nigeria. While the paper agrees with previous studies that the bane to progress in indigenous technology in Nigeria is hinged on their crude nature, low economic and demand values, the inefficiency of the machines and the high human labour, it posits that there are many other outlets to facilitate this shift. To this end, a number of strategies are suggested for effective integration of indigenous technology which includes seeking for appropriate technology, introducing indigenous technology trade fair, increasing the tariff on imported similar products by over 500% and commencement of exportation of existing popular and refined products as trial products, among others.

This study aims to articulate how the importance of the university and technology parks administrations has affected on the development of the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in changing environment of the Turkish universities. The forty-five participants were selected from different startups at the university technology parks. By using phenomenological analysis, eight research questions were answered in the semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed in Atlas.ti order to mke depth study. As a result, the data show that the university and technology parks administrations have inevitably affected IPR system in many ways. During the transformations process of the universities towards entrepreneurial universities, academic people and students have been influenced to a greater degree. Academic profession, which is an umbrella term for working conditions for academics, has changed a lot. Most (91%) participants agree that the style of the administration has played important roles to increase performance indicators since they are used to assess and measure individuals, departments and universities against each other; therefore, IRP have gained importance among the academic people  and students. However, the large number (84%) of the participants does not know deeply the details in IPR. More importantly, the large number (91%) mentions that these activities related IPR collaboration and cooperation among academics. Additionally, a large number of the (94%) participants agree that the effects would be different on the elite universities comparing to the socially disadvantaged universities. They (76%)point out that the future of higher education has been changing in terms of faculty organizations, particularly with new IRP policies. Most (85%) of the participants clarify that the university administration would develop a better network in order to increase the patent activities. Most (78%) participants articulate that IRP would change the culture of academic world. Most (81%) claim that competitiveness is important not only for the universities bot also for the academic people so that the university administration would change their performance criteria to prepare properly for the competitive global market. These (61%) participants strongly point out that employability is remrkably importnat for the universities. By improving intellectual property rights and entrepreneurial activities, universities can increase their funding. Hence, they take into account technology parks as the places to develop strategies for different activities to increase income. Furthermore, most (92%) participants mention that the financial autonomy would make the universities aggressive in the market due to the fact that the government is increasingly reducing the support for the higher education. Hence, the university management would try to increase their income by means of the IRP would increase conflicts and inequalities, the rest (71%) agree that the role and style of university management, like in Wisconsin Madison could manage the universities without conflicts and inequalitics. As a result, as most (91%) participants clarify that the university administration play important and crucial role in controlling and managing the conflicts and inequlities through IPR to protect all the stakeholders, particularly those who do not have strong background, like the PhD students. Higher Education, Technology Parks, University Administration and Management, Intellectual Property Rights, Autonomy

Taking an upper echelon theoretical perspective in public sector higher education, this systematic literature review had quadruple objectives. First, to identify the gap in the existing literature on transformational leadership (TL). Second, to suggest a comprehensive instrument for a higherorder construct of TL. Third, to propose a rigorous research framework for future empirical research, and fourth, to propose an appropriate research methodology for that empirical research. Using a systematic literature review approach, various databases were accessed to obtain current literature on the topic. Transformational leadership constructs were extensively explored for current concept developments and available measurement scales. A research model was proposed according to transformational leadership, and upper echelon theoretical frames and appropriate research methodology was recommended. The study found that the research on the TL, its antecedents, factors, and outcomes were still being developed. Various dimensions with different conflicting and complementing questionnaires and numerous instruments from the literature on TL construct have been identified. As a result, a research framework was proposed to conduct future research on transformational leadership and organisational effectiveness with a mediating role of technology innovation to fill the acknowledged gap. This study is among the first research to propose technology innovation in higher education context. Two of the newly launched techniques IPMA and CTA are recommended to enhance the robustness of any study involving technology innovation.

Investigating the factors affecting CO2 emissions has always been a challenge. One problem with existing studies is that these studies have been relied on mean-based regression approaches, such as ordinary least squares (OLS) or instrumental variables, which implicitly assumes that the impact of variables along the distribution of CO2 emissions is the same. Unlike previous studies, the present study will use the quantile regression developed by Koenker & Bassett, which is not limited to the assumption. So that, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of technological innovation and renewable energy on CO2 emissions in selected countries of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) using quantile regression over the period 1990-2016. The results of this study exhibited that the impact of renewable energy on CO2 emissions was negative and statistically significant. This impact is also enhanced in high quantiles (countries with high pollution). In all the studied quantiles, the impact of technological innovations on CO2 emissions was positive, significant and initially decreasing, while increasing again over time. The results of the symmetry test also indicated that by increasing in the volume of CO2 emissions, the variable impact of renewable energy upraised. However, no incremental trend was observed in innovation.

In the present article Kondratieff waves theory is considered in comparison with the theory of production revolutions which analyzes the regularities of the major technological breakthroughs in history. Both theories analyze the processes of cyclic nature related to the innovative technological development of the World-System. The mutual comparison of both theories allows the author to make important clarifications in understanding of the long-wave dynamics as a whole, as well as to give relevant explanations of the peculiarities of the unfolding of each of the five waves and their phases, to make forecasts about the sixth wave and the development of technologies of the sixth technological mode. The special attention is paid to the analysis of aspects and limitations of the theory of technological modes, as it is used by many researchers to explain the causes of the long-wave dynamics.

We explore the boundary conditions of Christensen's theory. Using technological changes that were potentially disruptive to the manufacturers of industrial robots as the context, we find that, unlike Christensen's suggestions, large hydraulic robot manufacturers introduced new products with the disruptive technology fairly early during the changes. By comparing the robotics industry with the disk-drive industry, we extend Christensen's theory by expanding the boundary conditions of the theory.

Yasal düzenlemelerin karmaşıklığının yanı sıra işletmelerin ve diğer organizasyonların beklentilerindeki artış, muhasebe meslek mensuplarının iş yüklerini, iş streslerini ve iş ile ilişkilerini etkilemiştir. Hızla değişen ekonomik ve teknolojik konsept; mevzuat, uygulama, raporlama ve karar verme süreçlerini karmaşıklaştırılmasının yanı sıra işletmelerin ve diğer organizasyonların beklentilerini de değiştirmiştir. Ekonomik konseptin yeni koşulları, muhasebe meslek mensuplarına uyum sağlayabilmek için yeni teknolojik araçlara ve yeni geliştiren yazılımlara ulaşmalarını ve aynı zamanda bu teknolojik aletleri ve yeni yazılımları kullanmalarını dayatmaktadır. Muhasebe meslek mensuplarının bu zorlukları aşabilmeleri, meslek mensuplarının yeni teknolojik koşullara adapte olabilmeleri önemlidir. Ancak bu değişimlere uyum sağlamak için gelişen teknolojik enstrümanların kullanılması zorunluluğu; geleneksel yöntem ve değerlere bağlı meslek mensuplarını zorlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda teknolojik yenilikleri kullanmanın muhasebe meslek mensuplarının adaptif yeteneklerine olan etkisini ve bu yeteneklerin meslek mensuplarının yaşı ve tecrübelerine göre farklılaşmalarını ölçen bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; muhasebe meslek mensuplarının teknolojik yenilikleri kullanma düzeylerinin mevcut rekabet koşullarına adapte olmalarına olan etkisini ölçmektir. Bu amaçla literatür ile desteklenen bir tanımlayıcı araştırma ile hipotezler geliştirilmiş, bu hipotezleri test etmek üzere geçerliliği ve güvenirliliği test edilmiş ölçekler ile anket yoluyla veriler toplanmış ve bu veriler istatistiksel yöntemler ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz bulguları, adaptif yeteneklerin teknolojik yenilikleri kullanma düzeyini pozitif yönde etkilediğini ve teknolojik yenilikleri kullanma ile adaptif yeteneklerin meslekteki çalışma süresine göre farklılaştığını göstermektedir.

Problem Statement: The learned abilities of the university students in creatively to develop innovative goods and services have become unique problems for all the best universities in the world. Research Questions: In this study, how the universities can affect on fostering creativity is analyzed as a research question. Therefore,  the universities role as environmental opportunities is critically questioned on creativity and innovation Purpose of the Study: The main purpose of this study is to understand clearly how, where, when, and with whom creativity and innovation can foster among the university students. Additionally, the strategy of  delivering creativity for innovative products and services is another aspect of  this study to analyzed the implementation  of creativity in the process Research Methods: By using phenomenological analysis, fostering creativity and innovation is analyzed and observed for eight weeks in five different environments and 12 different research questions were answered in the semi structured interviews during the sessions. The collected data were
analyzed in Atlas. ti 7 in order to make depth study. Data analysis of this research included  computer assisted coding  for deductive reasoning Findings: Most (88%) agree that the fostering creativity and innovation is possible in active learning by doing different projects in a team.

"Faculty of Humanities Nicolas Copernicus University (Toruń, Poland) on 17th-19th September 2014 organizes international conference of European Association for the Study of Science and Technology (EASST) titled ‘Situating Solidarities: social challenges for science and technology studies’.

We would like to pass the information about this conference, with the details of its merits, calls for tracks, papers and other dead-lines which can be found at: www.easst.umk.pl

About the conference:

The EASST conference 2014 addresses the dynamics and interrelationships between science, technology and society. Contributors are invited to address the meeting’s theme of ‘Situating Solidarities’ though papers on any topic relevant to the wider field are also welcome.

The theme of ‚situating solidarities’ addresses asymmetries of power through a focus on material, situated sociotechnical configurations. Heterogeneous networks of actors are stabilised to different degrees through complex negotiations. Rather than seeking universal abstractions the theme asks questions such as: What do the chains and networks of asymmetries look like? How do they travel? What do they carry? Do asymmetries translate to inequalities? What are the solidarities that shape the practices, artifacts and ‚know-hows’ in situated material contexts?

Political and ethical engagement is a central concern for a view of science as changes in collective practice, rather than as individual contemplation. How should STS observe or influence the raising and erasing of social and technical asymmetries in everyday life? What do the ‚situated solidarities’ of dealing with asymmetries and inequalities look like? Can STS contribute to the work of solidarising to connect asymmetric agents, places, moves and networks to weaken inequalities and change hegemonic relations?"

Transmedia is a buzzword that shows no sign of disappearing. But what is it? How do you develop transmedia projects? And what does it mean for writers? Joe Velikovsky focuses on fictional texts to sort the facts from the jargon, and offer practical ways to approach transmedia creation.

Emerging technology identify, evaluate and implement the application of current and emerging technologies for use in the library management and services Challenges emerging out of library services and in management, technological advancements has to be updated at regular times to compete the faster growing environment. This paper elaborates on how technological innovations have led to the improved information management and library services. The overall purpose is to share the resources using new technologies with the facilities available that would provide a variety of features to save time, promote community development and drive better services for the library users. This paper fills a gap in the digital library project management literature by providing an overview of the issues related to implementing and using emerging technology and innovative practices within libraries.