Knowledge Management

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The methods for transforming real-world problem into simulation models are being increasingly explored with the availability of inexpensive computing power. In general, traditional model building procedures involve a lengthy problem formulation and interaction between the analyst and the client. Furthermore, after the model definition is arrived at, the simulation model is often programmed manually. Recent developments in simulation modeling have focused on automatic model generation employing artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Such developments focus on the transfer of the user's knowledge about the system into an executable simula, tion model. Current techniques still lack effective knowledge acquisition tools and a global database from which model alternatives can be generated. In this paper, a set of knowledge bases (KBs) will be proposed to aid in the hierarchical model construction.

Lean Six Sigma Improve Phase Tollgate Templates are a guide to Lean Six Sigma Green Belt, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt, and Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt Projects. Lean Six Sigma Practitioners use the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) Phases. The Lean Six Sigma Improve Phase Tollgate Templates include the most common tools used in the Improve Phase. There are Backup Slides that include the tools and templates of Optional or less often tools. There are guidelines in the notes section. These templates are used to document Lean Six Sigma Projects as they are executed. There are checklists and guides to ensure the Improve Phase is completed and approved before moving to the next process improvement phase. I wish you well on your projects. Steven Bonacorsi, Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt.

Purpose -The research study involved an exploration of the thoughts and perspectives of Generation X aerospace engineers regarding strategies, processes, and methods to enhance the transfer of knowledge from baby boomers to Generation X aerospace engineers.

ABSTRACT Lean Six Sigma Executive Overview (Case Study) Templates are a guide to Lean Six Sigma Green Belt, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt, and Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt Projects. Lean Six Sigma Practitioners use the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) Phases. The Lean Six Sigma Executive Overview (Case Study) include the most common tools used in the DMAIC Phases. There are Backup Slides that include the tools and templates of Optional or less often tools. There are guidelines in the notes section. These templates are used to document Lean Six Sigma Projects as they are executed. I wish you well on your projects. Steven Bonacorsi, Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt.

Information governance as an approach to better govern the use of information within and outside an organization is rapidly gaining popularity. A common and scientific ground for this approach has not yet been formulated. In this article the authors describe a definition for information governance, extending the common, one-dimensional approach into a more generic statement. Starting from the well-known principles of IT governance the authors further explore the aspects of both information and governance. Four hypotheses are proposed to give ground to the use of information governance. These hypotheses will be the basis for further research.

Decision-making is a cognitive process stemming from the analysis of available courses of action related to a given problem. Rationally, potential courses of action are derived from deliberate analysis of available data related to a problem and its potential outcomes. Decisions are generally characterized as normative, descriptive or naturalistic. Normative decisions are based on evidence, logic and analysis; descriptive decisions are based on intuition and experience. Naturalistic decisions are formed as a hybrid of normative and descriptive processes.

For decision-makers the revolution in information technology and the amount and scope of the data they provide has become overwhelming, leading to cognitive overload, confusion and an inability to function effectively. Decision Support Systems (DSS) facilitate data analysis and selection of a viable course of action rapidly and effectively. However, like the human decision- makers they serve, DSS capabilities may also suffer from cognitive overload, inaccuracy, and complexity, especially in time-sensitive environments.

This study explores DSS employment for time-sensitive decision processes using Digitally Aided Close Air Support (DACAS) as a model. The study explores decision theory, models, DSS development and time-sensitive environments. Using DACAS as a model the paper reveals the obstacles and opportunities associated with the employment of DSS for time- sensitive processes. Finally, the study makes recommendations for improved employment of DSS in time-sensitive environments.

A framework for business process management facilitates the implementation, management and improvement of process-based organisations. In order to do so, organisations require new capabilities such as change roadmaps, knowledge management and balanced performance measures.

Today, there is a growing recognition by researchers and practitioners about the importance of managing knowledge as a critical source for competitive advantage. Various assertions about competitiveness through knowledge management (KM) are consistent with results of empirical studies and lessons learned on the knowledge highways and byways. In spite of these macro-level contentions and success stories, there has been little investigation of a systematic means for studying connections between KM activity and competitiveness. This paper advances a knowledge chain model that identi®es and characterizes KM activities an organization can focus on to achieve competitiveness. The model is analogous to Porter's value chain and is grounded in a descriptive KM framework developed via a Delphi-study involving international KM experts. It is comprised of ®ve primary activities that an organization's knowledge processors perform in manipulating knowledge resources, plus four secondary activities that support and guide their performance. Each activity is discussed in detail, including examples. Evidence is provided from the literature illustrating each activity's role in adding value to an organization to increase its competitiveness through improved productivity, agility, reputation, and innovation. In conclusion, we present some observations about avenues for future research to extend, test, and apply the model in business practices. q

One of the issues that always have been of great concern in organizational debates is organizational effectiveness. When an organization makes attempts to fulfill its goals, internal instability and external threats are considered as impediments which may either delay or sabotage the whole process. Several studies have investigated the impacts of contextual factors on organizational effectiveness. As we live in the age of knowledge, knowledge management has become a substantial source for achieving competitive advantages. In order to do so, organizations need to identify organizational factors influential to knowledge management. When in an environment knowledge creation, sharing, learning, upgrading, restructuring and the use of knowledge as an asset to organization and its customers are both supported and encouraged, it can be administrated through the implementation of knowledge management. In other words, knowledge management acts as a tool to deal with degradation factors. This research primarily aims to investigate the relationship between context variables (including strategy, leadership, organizational culture and organizational structure) and organizational effectiveness, with taking into consideration the impact of knowledge management as a mediating variable. To this end, 224 questionnaires consisting of 64 statements (with Cronbach's alpha of .913) were distributed among employees of 14 Organization of Mashhad Municipality. Chi-square test and linear regression were used to test the hypotheses. Results indicate that all context variables are significantly associated with organizational effectiveness. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between context variables and knowledge management and also knowledge management plays a mediating role in relationship between context variables and organizational effectiveness.

En plena revolución del conocimiento, ante el auge y madurez de la transformación digital en las instituciones, el gobierno de datos como programa tiene un desafío común, sin importar el tipo de organización que se analice: el ciclo de vida de los datos y la lógica de negocio no siempre están alineados y siguen la estructura operativa que accione el conseguir aportar el mayor valor. La discrepancia entre la estructura organizacional y el uso de datos puede fácilmente resultar en silos de datos, duplicaciones, responsabilidades poco claras y falta de control de los datos e información durante todas sus etapas. Este libro ofrece una descripción sencilla y general del por qué se necesita un gobierno de datos, cómo planearlo, diseñarlo, iniciarlo, ejecutarlo y mantenerlo operativo. Está enfocado para que cualquier ejecutivo, gerente, profesional de negocios y tecnología, académico o funcionario que necesite comprender o implementar un programa de gobierno de datos lo pueda ejecutar.

"Since its very inception, social work has been considered an organizationally based profession, with the majority of its workforce employed within formal organizations. Whether in nonprofit, for-profit, or governmental agencies, the practical realities of human service organizations are a central element of professional social work. This book explores the climate and culture of these agencies and provides essential information for surviving and thriving in this setting. It prepares students for their future careers so that they will feel empowered in their work and be able to fulfill their responsibilities toward organizational, community, and social change. Using real-life examples, the authors examine the internal structures of management, financing, and supervision and discuss common conflicts between agencies and professionals. The book’s straightforward tone and practical advice make it an asset to anyone entering human service organizations.

This new edition contains updated examples, case studies, and references. It also contains valuable information on the effects of the recent financial crisis on human service organizations. Agencies now face increased caseloads and more complex social problems with fewer resources and less money. Understanding how these events have changed the nature of human service organizations will allow students to be better prepared for the work ahead of them.

Features

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Expanded content on the practical aspects of organizational theory and suggestions for developing leadership skills
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Updated examples, case studies, and references throughout the book
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Key points and discussion questions following each chapter
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Updated instructor’s manual available online as a PDF or Word document"

The now taken-for-granted notion that data lead to information, which leads to knowledge, which in turn leads to wisdom was first specified in detail by R. L. Ackoff in 1988. The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy is based on filtration, reduction, and transformation. Besides being causal and hierarchical, the scheme is pyramidal, in that data are plentiful while wisdom is almost nonexistent. Ackoff’s formula linking these terms together this way permits us to ask what the opposite of knowledge is and whether analogous principles of hierarchy, process, and pyramiding apply to it. The inversion of the Data- Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy produces a series of opposing terms (including misinformation, error, ignorance, and stupidity) but not exactly a chain or a pyramid. Examining the connections between these phenomena contributes to our understanding of the contours and limits of knowledge.

During the 1990s and 2000s, a policy known as Education with Community Participation (EDUCO) not only became the cornerstone of education reform in El Salvador but also became a global education policy, one which is known for decentralizing to rural families the responsibility for hiring and firing teachers. As is shown in this paper, its rise to fame was not only a product of the particular political-economic context in which it was borne, but was also a product of the impact evaluations produced by the World Bank, which served as the evidence base through which this and other international institutions could legitimately promote the neoliberal model of community involvement represented by EDUCO. Problematically, however, a reappraisal of these impact evaluations reveals, first, that their findings and conclusions around significant effects were not warranted and, second, that the entire impact evaluation enterprise is fundamentally flawed due to the financial-political-intellectual complex out of which these studies emerged and back into which they fed as they were used to advocate for market-oriented policy solutions around the world. Thus, in addition to explaining the reform dynamics that gave rise to EDUCO, this paper (a) systematically reviews the findings and limitations of each of the six impact studies that constitute the international knowledge base around this policy, (b) reconsiders what we can reasonably claim to know about EDUCO, (c) reflects on the national and international implications of the critical review presented here, and (d) remarks on the shortcomings of—and the alternatives to—impact evaluations as a
means to produce policy-relevant findings.

The health care industry is increasingly becoming a knowledge-based community that is connected to hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, and customers for sharing knowledge, reducing administrative costs and improving the quality of care. Thus, the success of health care depends critically on the collection, analysis and seamless exchange of clinical, billing, and utilization information or knowledge within and across the above organizational boundaries. This research envisions a knowledge management-enabled health care management system that would help integrate clinical, administrative, and financial processes in health care through a common technical architecture; and provides a decision support infrastructure for clinical and administrative decision-making. Hence, the objective of this research is to present and describe the knowledge management capabilities, the technical infrastructure, and the decision support architecture for such a health care management system. The research findings would immensely help the health care information technology (IT) managers and knowledge based system developers to identify their IT needs and to plan for and develop the technical infrastructure of the health care management system for their organizations. q

ABSTRACT
Objectives of the Study
The objective of this mixed methods case study is two-fold. First, it explores corporate learning using the theory of organizational knowledge creation and one US based corporation to determine the theory’s relevance to American firms. Second, it seeks to understand how social practices and leadership behaviors affect employee knowledge or “true beliefs” and thus the implications to the firm’s knowledge creation and ultimately, its competitive advantage. Ikujiro Nonaka’s theory of organizational knowledge creation is used as the framework to examine the extent to which internal factors affect knowledge creation at the organizational and employee levels. The research addresses two questions regarding Nonaka’s theory: 1) it assesses the theory in a US corporation with a relatively homogenous population to determine the validity of the theory that was developed outside the US and 2) it examines to what extent internal factors such as social practices and leadership behaviors affect the organizational knowledge creation process. In addition, consequences from events external to the firm are assessed to determine their impact on knowledge creation and corporate learning.
Summary
The study used knowledge creation theory to understand how internal behaviors and external events affected corporate learning and competitive advantage. Given that knowledge is only useful in its context, the introduction described the origins of the firm and impact of the Internet. The literature review provided the historical context for organizational culture in US firms, the growth of learning organizations and it summarized organizational knowledge creation theory. Social practices and leadership behaviors were explored in relation to a variety of topics. The research used quantitative and qualitative data that included survey data and qualitative data collected from semi-structured interviews, direct observation, internal documents, and secondary sources. The variety of sources aided the attempt to identify robust answers to the broad research questions raised in the study.
Conclusions
The interviews and direct observations at the firm reveal that organizational knowledge creation is not evident in this US corporation, primarily due to the narrow way in which knowledge is perceived and leadership behaviors that fail to consistently empower subordinates in the hierarchical management model. The cultural beliefs that preclude knowledge creation were also observed to thwart corporate learning. Several social practices and leadership behaviors appear to influence employee beliefs and thus corporate learning including communication transparency, decision-making and accountability, and strategic responses to external “random” events in digital communication. Shortcomings in these areas appear to have related and unintended consequences of diminished trust, lack of confidence, and risk aversion that can jeopardize the firm’s competitive advantage.

In the twenty-first century, with the evolution of Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Management seems to be more advanced and sophisticated. Knowledge management has been studied and discussed for a long time by several researchers from academia and business sector due to its vitality for the success of organizations. Additionally, many leading companies around the world have adopted several knowledge management practices to ensure that they remain ahead of their rival companies in today's competitive business world. Hence, companies continue to look for ways to improve these knowledge management practices. Several studies were conducted to have more profound understanding of the recent research trend of knowledge management processes and its best practices at organizations. However, this subject requires further investigation from other perspectives. Most of the previous studies neglect exploring the impact of applying artificial intelligence (AI) and information technology (IT) concepts and techniques on the efficiency of knowledge management at modern organizations in particular. This research systematically reviews and highlights the current knowledge management practices that have relied on IT and AI mechanisms and their impacts on modern organizations along with their challenges and limitations. The current research aims to provide a profound analysis of 15 (out of 844) research papers published in highly standard journals and conference proceedings throughout the past 10 years, from 2009 to 2019. This review study can be considered a pivotal reference for scholars as it fills in some gaps in knowledge management especially in IT and AI related studies.

Bu kitap; duygusal ve davranışsal bozukluklara sahip öğrenciler hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak isteyen sınıf öğretmenleri, özel eğitim öğretmenleri ve alanda çalışan uzmanlar için hazırlanmış giriş niteliğinde bir uygulama kitabıdır. Her bir bozukluğun nedeni, tanımlanması, güncel araştırmalar ışığında verilmeye çalışılmış ve okul ortamındaki pratik uygulamalarla da anlatım zenginleştirilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak belirli bir bozukluğun tüm yönlerine ilişkin temel yaklaşımla birlikte bilimsel olarak geliştirilmiş müdahele yöntemleri de verilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Bu kitabın alanda yeni çalışmaya başlayan öğretmenler kadar güncel verilerle desteklenen tanı koyma ve müdahele stratejilrine önem vermesi nedeniyle alanda uzun süredir çalışmakta olan öğretmenlere ve uzmanlara da yararlı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.

Actualmente las organizaciones que buscan permanecer en el futuro, deben hacer planeación estratégica en virtud de los cambio es que ocurren y lo vertiginoso de los mismos, es así que todas las organizaciones, llámense empresas privadas o públicas, instituciones paraestatales, organizaciones de la sociedad civil, centros educativos o fundaciones eclesiásticas, así como los tres órdenes de gobierno requieren de planear su porvenir en el corto, mediano y largo plazo, así como de aprovechar su trayectoria histórica y su legado cultural.

Leaders play a critical role in the success or failure of their organizations. Leaders can be effective in implementing changes, building their organization's capabilities, and improving its performance, or the opposite, they could be ineffective. In this systematic review, the authors aim to summarize the findings of previous quantitative research, published between the period from 2000 to 2018, to identify the effect of various leadership styles on organizational Knowledge management (KM) capabilities and activities. The authors reviewed 50 articles found in well-known databases included Emerald, ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis, Ebsco, Google Scholar, and others, concerning the impact of leadership when implementing KM in business organizations. The review revealed that transformational, transactional, knowledge-oriented leadership, top executives, and strategic leadership have evidence of their constant and positive effect on the KM process. The authors encourage organizations to use a combination of those styles to maximize the effect of leadership on KM. The authors also recommend conducting further studies on the effect of the remaining leadership styles, such as the ethical and servant leadership styles on KM and the other specific KM activities.

Information governance as an approach to better govern the use of information within and outside an organization is rapidly gaining popularity. A common and scientific ground for this approach has not yet been formulated. In this article the authors describe a definition for information governance, extending the common, one-dimensional approach into a more generic statement. Starting from the well-known principles of IT governance the authors further explore the aspects of both information and governance. Four hypotheses are proposed to give ground to the use of information governance. These hypotheses will be the basis for further research.

The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model® self-assessment tool has been used extensively in the UK private sector and increasingly in the state sector to raise standards. Furthermore, the European Quality Assurance Reference Framework identifies its use as best practice. However, only 2% of FE Colleges in the UK currently use the Model®.

Mixed methods were used to investigate quantitative evidence from a national on-line Leadership and Management survey sent to all UK FE Colleges and qualitative evidence from semi-structured with 42 senior managers, quality managers, consultants and staff. Six case studies of EFQM Award-winning Colleges were also investigated. The findings indicate a positive correlation between a) the use of the EFQM Model® and the achievement of Grade 1s in inspection and b) between the achievement of Grades 1s in inspection and Category A financial status. Across the four UK regions, the most effective use of the Model® is currently occurring in Scotland’s FE sector.

The study highlights the need for leaders to take a long-term approach to achieving excellence through using the EFQM Model® and embedding its underlying principles of Total Quality Management. The main outcome of the study is Cartmell’s “Three-Layered Egg” Model which identifies strategic, tactical and operational priorities, enabling leaders to achieve world-class standards through a process called “Questing”.

The EFQM Model® could be applied to FE Colleges, but there are cultural and environmental factors which are hindering its applicability including decreases in funding; rapid changes in the 14-19 and post-19 landscape; increased numbers of mergers, acquisitions and restructures; tightening inspection frameworks leading causing pressure to increase success rates; increased competition for students; lack of effective leadership; low staff morale; mobility of senior managers; pressure on leaders to produce short-term improvement; the significant resource implications involved of using the Model® and lack of direction and support from government.

This Paper explores and summarises the Director's Duties of the UK Companies Act 2006 with emphasis on "the duty to promote the success of the company.

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The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of record keeping practices at Moi University dispensary and to suggest solutions to record keeping which will improve health care provision. Study objectives were; to identify records management practices and strategies undertaken in the University dispensary; to find out the professional knowledge and skills of the staff responsible for managing records at the dispensary and to identify the challenges associated with the records management at the dispensary and suggest possible solutions. The research was a case study and qualitative in nature. Observation, document analysis and interview schedules were utilized as instruments for collecting data. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 3 records managers, and 5 records clerks as the study participants. The key findings of the study included; the health unit has not drafted a records management policy; lack of adequate facilities and supplies to records management; poor records management disposal practices for both paper and e-records; lack of awareness on the importance of records and records management among non-records management staff, and; inadequate adoption of ICTs in its records management. The study concluded that both paper and electronic records are managed at the Health unit are faced with challenges. The study proposed the following recommendations: development and putting in use of records management policies, standards, guidelines and procedures; automation of the records management functions at the Health unit; rolling out of records management awareness programs for non-records management staff; and  provision of training programs for records management personnel.

The need for 21st-century mindsets and protocols has sparked interest in design thinking. That is a human-centered, prototype-driven process for the exploration of new ideas that can be applied to operations, products, services, strategies, and even management.

La pubblicazione presenta i risultati dell’Indagine Individuazione di modelli di governance territoriale per il supporto alla generazione di conoscenze ed innovazione, promossa dall’Isfol e realizzata con Confindustria Veneto SIAV. L’indagine ha previsto la realizzazione di focus group e l’analisi di 51 casi di aziende innovative nei territori regionali del Piemonte, del Veneto e della Puglia. I risultati hanno consentito di trarre indicazioni rilevanti per: le imprese, fornendo una prima tassonomia dei modelli di business e indicazioni utili alla definizione di circuiti di apprendimento utili all’“assorbimento” dell’innovazione; le università e i centri di ricerca, delineando i modelli di relazione con il mondo produttivo e le necessità di integrazione attraverso figure di intermediazione emergenti; i soggetti deputati a promuovere policy e strumenti di finanziamento a supporto dei processi di creazione di nuova conoscenza per l’innovazione (Regioni, Fondi paritetici ecc.); le agenzie formative, attraverso la lettura delle nuove necessità di setting e modalità di apprendimento coerenti con i processi di assorbimento dell’innovazione.

In the present paper we examine the different ways of knowledge sharing in the contemporary business environment. In order to do this, we need to divorce R from D in R&D. For the purpose of this paper we distinguish four types of knowledge and correspondingly we introduce four metaphors of knowledge sharing: the four knowledge restaurants. In buffets ready-made knowledge is offered for self-service; there are restaurants in which the knowledge broker fulfils the role of the waiter offering a la cart menus; in some very expensive restaurants we can try what is recommended by the chef; finally, we sometimes make our own coffee in the coffee room and, obviously, have a chat along.

(UOC) desde 2000, y actualmente director de su grado de información y documentación. Investigador del grupo Knowledge and Information Management in Organisations (KIMO) de la UOC (grupo consolidado reconocido por la Generalitat de Catalunya). Sus temas de investigación son sistemas de información, redes sociales e inteligencia competitiva.

This paper describes a tool for managing architectural knowledge and rationale. The tool has been developed to support a framework for capturing and using architectural knowledge to improve the architecture process. This paper describes the main architectural components and features of the tool. The paper also provides examples of using the tool for supporting wellknown architecture design and analysis methods.

Purpose-Knowledge management (KM) is a global organizational practice that focuses on core questions around knowledge sharing and creation, and which is characterized by definitional issues and a schism over the nature of knowledge. Against this by definition problematic background, this study aims to investigate how KM practitioners construct identities as expert in an online discussion forum, showing how knowledge sharing is inextricably linked to identity construction. Design/methodology/approach-The study adopts a discourse analytic approach, grounded in the discourse psychology paradigm, and its underlying theory that all language, including both talk and text, is situated action in social interaction, marked by variation, function and consequences. Findings-Analysis demonstrates how forum contributors deploy discursive devices constructively, actively and relationally to formulate membership of an expert elite group, and that group membership is marked by inter-group competitive rivalry. This has synergies with the theory of creative abrasion. Practical implications-The study has implications for KM theories and practice in showing how attention to the social-interaction practices of talk and text can reveal deeper understanding of how people share knowledge, and in demonstrating the important and consequential relationship between identity construction and knowledge. Originality/value-This is among the first studies to take a discursive approach to the study of language in the KM domain, and demonstrates the rich potential for future studies.

Agricultural police is a framework for effective agricultural development. It is deduce from the result of an inter-institutional expert dialogue, workshop, seminal and meetings to formulate acceptable and workable document to accelerate and foster agricultural and national development, FAO and GTZ (2006). This also served as road map to guide professionals and government to achieve sustainably agricultural development policies for food security. The policies set the rules, direction and framework for the development of rural institutions, agricultural production and input services. Agricultural policy cannot effectively achieve national development without the aids of research; Research is a critical enabler to economic growth and development with its relevance cutting across the policy process. The main challenges of agricultural policies are outdated, overregulated and/or uncoordinated national policies, FAO and GTZ (2006). Any development of a strategic policy approach needs to begin with an inventory and assessment of existing policies, the ministries and departments involved and how policies are being implemented.